aid: the-things-network
name: The Things Stack — FinOps Mapping
description: FinOps Framework / FOCUS-aligned mapping of the cost surface for The Things Network community network (free) and The Things Stack Cloud / Enterprise commercial offerings.
license: Apache-2.0
specVersion: 0.1
focusVersion: '1.1'
provider:
  name: The Things Industries
  serviceCategory: IoT Connectivity
  serviceSubCategory: LoRaWAN Network Server

billingModels:
  - id: open-source-self-hosted
    name: Self-Hosted Open Source
    chargeCategory: Usage
    chargeDescription: No license fee — only the customer's own infrastructure costs (compute, storage, network egress) incurred running The Things Stack under Apache 2.0.
    pricingUnit: instance-hour
    pricingCurrency: USD

  - id: ttn-community
    name: The Things Network Community Network
    chargeCategory: Other
    chargeDescription: Free under The Things Network fair-use policy. No invoice issued; cost surface is the user's own gateway hardware and backhaul.
    pricingUnit: free
    pricingCurrency: USD

  - id: cloud-discovery
    name: The Things Stack Cloud — Discovery
    chargeCategory: Usage
    chargeDescription: Free Cloud tenant up to 10 devices and 10 gateways. No invoice until upgrade.
    pricingUnit: tenant-month
    pricingCurrency: USD

  - id: cloud-standard-plus
    name: The Things Stack Cloud — Standard / Plus
    chargeCategory: Usage
    chargeDescription: Subscription with 1,000 included devices and pay-as-you-go device overage. Unlimited gateways, applications, and teams.
    pricingUnit: device-month
    pricingCurrency: USD

  - id: enterprise-license
    name: The Things Stack Enterprise
    chargeCategory: Commitment
    chargeDescription: Annual self-hosted license with commercial support, multi-tenancy, and NOC. Custom contract.
    pricingUnit: license-year
    pricingCurrency: USD

costAllocationDimensions:
  - tenant_id
  - application_id
  - organization_id
  - region
  - cluster

usageMetrics:
  - id: devices
    description: Count of registered end devices in a tenant; primary billing dimension for Cloud Standard / Plus.
    unit: device
  - id: gateways
    description: Count of registered gateways; not billed (unlimited on Standard / Plus).
    unit: gateway
  - id: uplinks
    description: Number of uplink messages processed by the Application Server per tenant.
    unit: message
  - id: downlinks
    description: Number of downlink messages scheduled by the Network Server per tenant.
    unit: message
  - id: gateway-airtime
    description: Sum of LoRa airtime transmitted by gateways. Used to apportion duty-cycle fairness, not billed.
    unit: second

attribution:
  - level: tenant
    via: tenant_id header / OAuth subject
  - level: application
    via: ApplicationIdentifiers.application_id
  - level: device
    via: EndDeviceIdentifiers.device_id

reporting:
  - Network Operations Center (NOC) dashboard (Plus tier)
  - Storage Integration (postgres / clickhouse) for raw uplink / downlink history
  - gRPC Events stream for real-time cost and usage signal