specification: API Commons Rate Limits
specificationVersion: '0.1'
schema: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api-evangelist/interface-research/main/schema/api-commons.yml#/$defs/RateLimits
provider: Universiti Putra Malaysia
providerId: upm
created: '2026-06-03'
modified: '2026-09-01'
reconciled: false
tags:
- Education
- Higher Education
- University
- Rate Limiting
description: >-
  Universiti Putra Malaysia publishes no rate-limit policy for any of its surfaces. Probing on
  2026-09-01 returned no rate-limit headers, no Retry-After and no 429 on any UPM endpoint, and
  no throttling was encountered. The practical constraint is the opposite of a documented limit:
  two PSASIR interfaces return unbounded responses — the full /rest/eprint/ index came back at
  9,899,179 bytes with no paging parameter, and an output=JSON search was still streaming past
  12,179,125 bytes at 25 seconds. Bulk consumers should harvest through OAI-PMH, which does
  implement flow control with a resumptionToken at an observed page size of 100 and a 24-hour
  token lifetime. Both repository hosts also disallow /cgi/ in robots.txt while advertising
  /cgi/oai2 as their harvesting address; harvest politely.
notes: >-
  No published limit, and none observed. The IIIF and library-API references in the June 2026
  version of this file were withdrawn on 2026-09-01 — neither surface was found to exist.
sources:
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api-evangelist/upm/refs/heads/main/apis.yml
responseCodes:
  throttled: 429
  observed: none
observation:
  generated: '2026-09-01'
  method: probed
  source: Unauthenticated probes of every host in apis.yml on 2026-09-01.
  rate_limit_headers: none observed
  retry_after: none observed
  status_429_observed: false
limits:
- name: Default
  scope: client
  metric: requests-per-minute
  limit: see service documentation
  notes: No published global limit; large harvests may be rate-limited.
policies:
- name: Backoff Strategy
  description: Exponential backoff with jitter; honor Retry-After; harvest during off-peak hours.
maintainers:
- FN: Kin Lane
  email: kin@apievangelist.com