name: Visa Vocabulary description: >- Domain vocabulary for Visa's global payment network APIs, covering payment processing, money movement, fraud prevention, account management, merchant data, and digital commerce concepts. version: '1.0' source: https://developer.visa.com/ terms: - term: VisaNet definition: >- Visa's global payment processing network that facilitates authorization, clearing, and settlement of electronic payments between issuers, acquirers, and merchants in over 200 countries and territories. tags: - Core - Network - term: Primary Account Number definition: >- The unique identifier embossed or encoded on a payment card, typically 13-19 digits. Used to identify the card account in transaction processing. aliases: - PAN - Card Number tags: - Payment Instruments - Core - term: Bank Identification Number definition: >- The first 6-9 digits of a PAN identifying the issuing bank and card type. Used by acquirers to route authorization requests to the correct issuer. aliases: - BIN - IIN tags: - Payment Instruments - term: Systems Trace Audit Number definition: >- A 6-digit number assigned by the merchant system to uniquely identify each transaction within a business day. Used for transaction matching and reconciliation. aliases: - STAN tags: - Transaction - Core - term: Retrieval Reference Number definition: >- A 12-character alphanumeric reference number that uniquely identifies a transaction. Used for retrievals, chargebacks, and transaction research. aliases: - RRN tags: - Transaction - term: Visa Direct definition: >- Visa's push payment platform enabling real-time or near-real-time fund transfers to Visa accounts worldwide, supporting P2P, B2C disbursements, payroll, and government benefits. tags: - Money Movement - Core - term: Push Funds Transaction definition: >- A Visa Direct operation that delivers funds to a recipient's Visa account. The originator of a push payment is typically a financial institution or payment service provider. tags: - Money Movement - term: Pull Funds Transaction definition: >- A Visa Direct operation that debits funds from a sender's Visa account. Typically used in the first step of a two-step transfer (pull then push). tags: - Money Movement - term: Business Application ID definition: >- A two-character code identifying the business use case for a Visa Direct transaction (e.g., PP=person-to-person, AA=account-to-account, CI=credit card bill payment). aliases: - BAID tags: - Money Movement - term: Merchant Category Code definition: >- A 4-digit code (ISO 18245) classifying a merchant's business type. Used for transaction routing, fraud detection, and spending controls. aliases: - MCC tags: - Merchants - term: Visa Merchant ID definition: >- A unique identifier assigned by Visa to each merchant accepting Visa payments. Used in the Visa Merchant Search API for merchant lookup and enrichment. aliases: - VMID tags: - Merchants - term: Transaction Enrichment definition: >- The process of augmenting raw transaction data with enhanced merchant information such as business name, logo, street address, and website to improve cardholder statement clarity. tags: - Merchants - Data - term: Card Verification Value definition: >- A 3 or 4 digit security code printed on payment cards used to verify that the cardholder possesses the physical card during card-not-present transactions. aliases: - CVV - CVV2 - CVN tags: - Security - Fraud Prevention - term: Address Verification Service definition: >- A fraud prevention service that verifies the billing address provided by a cardholder during a transaction against the address on file with the issuing bank. aliases: - AVS tags: - Security - Fraud Prevention - term: Account Name Inquiry definition: >- A Payment Account Validation method that verifies the name associated with a Visa account, helping prevent misdirected payments. aliases: - ANI tags: - Account Validation - term: Action Code definition: >- A two-digit code returned by the issuer in the authorization response indicating the outcome (e.g., 00=Approved, 05=Do Not Honor, 51=Insufficient Funds). tags: - Transaction - Processing - term: Approval Code definition: >- An alphanumeric code returned when a transaction is approved. Used for transaction verification, chargeback defense, and reconciliation. tags: - Transaction - Processing - term: Transaction Controls definition: >- Cardholder-defined rules that restrict or alert on card usage, such as spending limits, merchant category blocks, geographic restrictions, and transaction type controls. tags: - Security - Account Management - term: Visa Token Service definition: >- A tokenization service that replaces sensitive PAN data with a payment token, enabling secure digital wallet and card-on-file transactions without exposing the actual card number. aliases: - VTS tags: - Security - Digital Commerce - term: Foreign Exchange Rate definition: >- Visa's currency conversion rate for a given pair of currencies, used when processing cross-border transactions. Available as indicative daily rates or real-time rates depending on the payment instrument. aliases: - FX Rate tags: - Currency - International - term: Acquiring BIN definition: >- The Bank Identification Number of the acquiring bank processing the transaction on behalf of the merchant. Used in transaction routing and settlement. tags: - Processing - Banking - term: Mutual TLS definition: >- The authentication mechanism used for Visa Developer APIs requiring both client and server to present valid certificates for two-way identity verification. aliases: - mTLS tags: - Security - Authentication