{
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "metadata": {
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   "source": [
    "# Copyright 2014 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.\n",
    "#\n",
    "# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n",
    "# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n",
    "# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n",
    "#\n",
    "#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n",
    "#\n",
    "# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n",
    "# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n",
    "# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n",
    "# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n",
    "# limitations under the License.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Preamble to mimick book environment\n",
    "import logging\n",
    "from pprint import pprint\n",
    "from sys import stdout as STDOUT"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 1\n",
    "from collections import deque\n",
    "fifo = deque()\n",
    "fifo.append(1)      # Producer\n",
    "fifo.append(2)\n",
    "fifo.append(3)\n",
    "x = fifo.popleft()  # Consumer\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'bar': 2, 'foo': 1}\n",
      "{'foo': 1, 'bar': 2}\n",
      "Equal? True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 2\n",
    "a = {}\n",
    "a['foo'] = 1\n",
    "a['bar'] = 2\n",
    "from random import randint\n",
    "\n",
    "# Randomly populate 'b' to cause hash conflicts\n",
    "while True:\n",
    "    z = randint(99, 1013)\n",
    "    b = {}\n",
    "    for i in range(z):\n",
    "        b[i] = i\n",
    "    b['foo'] = 1\n",
    "    b['bar'] = 2\n",
    "    for i in range(z):\n",
    "        del b[i]\n",
    "    if str(b) != str(a):\n",
    "        break\n",
    "\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "print('Equal?', a == b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 red\n",
      "2 blue\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 3\n",
    "from collections import OrderedDict\n",
    "a = OrderedDict()\n",
    "a['foo'] = 1\n",
    "a['bar'] = 2\n",
    "\n",
    "b = OrderedDict()\n",
    "b['foo'] = 'red'\n",
    "b['bar'] = 'blue'\n",
    "\n",
    "for value1, value2 in zip(a.values(), b.values()):\n",
    "    print(value1, value2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'my_counter': 1}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 4\n",
    "stats = {}\n",
    "key = 'my_counter'\n",
    "if key not in stats:\n",
    "    stats[key] = 0\n",
    "stats[key] += 1\n",
    "print(stats)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'my_counter': 1}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 5\n",
    "from collections import defaultdict\n",
    "stats = defaultdict(int)\n",
    "stats['my_counter'] += 1\n",
    "print(dict(stats))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Example 6\n",
    "from heapq import *\n",
    "a = []\n",
    "heappush(a, 5)\n",
    "heappush(a, 3)\n",
    "heappush(a, 7)\n",
    "heappush(a, 4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3 4 5 7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 7\n",
    "print(heappop(a), heappop(a), heappop(a), heappop(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Example 8\n",
    "a = []\n",
    "heappush(a, 5)\n",
    "heappush(a, 3)\n",
    "heappush(a, 7)\n",
    "heappush(a, 4)\n",
    "assert a[0] == nsmallest(1, a)[0] == 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Before: [3, 4, 7, 5]\n",
      "After:  [3, 4, 5, 7]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 9\n",
    "print('Before:', a)\n",
    "a.sort()\n",
    "print('After: ', a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "991234\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 10\n",
    "x = list(range(10**6))\n",
    "i = x.index(991234)\n",
    "print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "991234\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 11\n",
    "from bisect import bisect_left\n",
    "i = bisect_left(x, 991234)\n",
    "print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.0029635409882757813\n",
      "0.0016338950081262738\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example 12\n",
    "from timeit import timeit\n",
    "print(timeit(\n",
    "    'a.index(len(a)-1)',\n",
    "    'a = list(range(100))',\n",
    "    number=1000))\n",
    "print(timeit(\n",
    "    'bisect_left(a, len(a)-1)',\n",
    "    'from bisect import bisect_left;'\n",
    "    'a = list(range(10**6))',\n",
    "    number=1000))"
   ]
  }
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