{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Ipython vs Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "All valid Python syntax works as-is in IPython. Ipython also provides a number of extra features."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Running code and getting help"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In the notebook, to run a cell of code, hit `Shift-Enter`. This executes the cell and puts the cursor in the next cell below, or makes a new one if you are at the end.  Alternately, you can use:\n",
    "    \n",
    "- `Alt-Enter` to force the creation of a new cell unconditionally.\n",
    "- `Control-Enter` executes the cell and keeps the cursor in the same cell."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Running code:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello world!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Getting help:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import distutils\n",
    "distutils.fancy_getopt?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "distutils.fancy_getopt??"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "distutils.f*?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Pressing `Shift-Tab` is another way of getting help"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "distutils.fancy_getopt()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Tab completion:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "distutils.f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "this_is_a_variable = 42\n",
    "this_is_a_function = lambda x: x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "this_"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Accessing the underlying operating system"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### You can use shell commands by placing a `!` in front of the commands"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/loris/projects/python_meetup/intro_ipython_notebook/notebooks\r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!pwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### The results of shell commands can be assigned to python variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dir_list = !ls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The content of the directory is:\n",
      "\n",
      "['analysis.html', 'analysis_slideshow.slides.html', 'display.ipynb', 'enviroment.ipynb', 'example', 'example_file.txt', 'example_script.py', 'export.ipynb', 'figs', 'index.ipynb', 'installation.ipynb', 'magics.ipynb', 'output_toggle.tpl', 'parallel.ipynb', 'references.ipynb', 'use_of_ipython.ipynb']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"The content of the directory is:\\n\\n{}\".format(dir_list))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Python variables (and expressions) can then be used in shell commands"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The content of the directory is:\n",
      "\n",
      "[analysis.html, analysis_slideshow.slides.html, display.ipynb, enviroment.ipynb, example, example_file.txt, example_script.py, export.ipynb, figs, index.ipynb, installation.ipynb, magics.ipynb, output_toggle.tpl, parallel.ipynb, references.ipynb, use_of_ipython.ipynb]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!echo \"The content of the directory is:\\n\"\n",
    "!echo $dir_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[display.ipynb, enviroment.ipynb, export.ipynb, index.ipynb, installation.ipynb, magics.ipynb, parallel.ipynb, references.ipynb, use_of_ipython.ipynb]\r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!echo {[item for item in dir_list if item.endswith(\".ipynb\")]}"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.4.3"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}