#NEXUS [written Tue Apr 09 16:52:46 EDT 2019 by Mesquite version 3.6 (build 917) at aws-dksepka.local/192.168.200.105] BEGIN TAXA; TITLE Taxa; DIMENSIONS NTAX=66; TAXLABELS Anthropornis_grandis Anthropornis_nordenskjoeldi Aptenodytes_forsteri Aptenodytes_patagonicus Aptenodytes_ridgeni Archaeospheniscus_lopdelli Archaeospheniscus__lowei 'Burnside "Palaeeudyptes"' Delphinornis_arctowskii Delphinornis_gracilis Delphinornis_larseni Eretiscus_tonnii Eudyptes_calauina Eudyptes_chrysocome Eudyptes_chrysolophus Eudyptes_filholi Eudyptes_moseleyi Eudyptes_pachyrhynchus Eudyptes_robustus Eudyptes_schlegeli Eudyptes_sclateri Eudyptes_warhami Eudyptula_minor Eudyptula_novaehollandiae Icadyptes_salasi Inguza_predemersus Inkayacu_paracasensis Kairuku_grebneffi Kairuku_waitaki Madrynornis_mirandus Marambiornis_exilis Marplesornis_novaezealandiae Megadyptes_antipodes Megadyptes_antipodes_richdalei Megadyptes_antipodes_waitaha Mesetaornis_polaris Notodyptes_wimani Nucleornis_insolitus Pachydyptes_ponderosus Palaeeudyptes_gunnari Palaeeudyptes_klekowskii Palaeospheniscus_bergi Palaeospheniscus_biloculata Palaeospheniscus_patagonicus Paraptenodytes_antarcticus Perudyptes_devriesi 'Platydyptes marplesi (with Ando material)' 'Platydyptes novaezealandiae (with Ando material)' Pygoscelis_adeliae Pygoscelis_antarcticus Pygoscelis_calderensis Pygoscelis_grandis Pygoscelis_papua Pygoscelis_tyreii Sequiwaimanu_rosieae Spheniscus_chilensis Spheniscus_demersus Spheniscus_humboldti Spheniscus_magellanicus Spheniscus_megaramphus Spheniscus_mendiculus Spheniscus_muizoni Spheniscus_urbinai Taranaki_Penguin_COMPOSITE Waimanu_manneringi 'Waimanu tuatahi (OU, Zfa, and CM 2009)' ; END; BEGIN CHARACTERS; TITLE 'Matrix in file "Master Penguin Matrix.nexus"'; DIMENSIONS NCHAR=274; FORMAT DATATYPE = STANDARD RESPECTCASE GAP = - MISSING = ? SYMBOLS = " 0 1 2 3 4 5"; CHARSTATELABELS 1 'Tip of mandibular rhamphotheca, profile in lateral view (GB1)' / pointed slightly_truncated 'strongly_truncated,_squared_off' 'truncated_but_with_a_rounded_margin_(procellariiform-like)', 2 'Longitudinal grooves on base of culmen (GB2)' / absent present, 3 'Longitudinal grooves on base of latericorn and ramicorn (GB3)' / absent present, 4 'Feathering of maxilla (GB4)' / totally_unfeathered 'slightly_feathered,_less_than_half_the_length_of_maxilla' feathering_that_reaches_half_the_length_of_maxilla, 5 'Ramicorn, inner groove at tip (GB5)' / absent present_and_single present_and_double, 6 'Plates of rhamphotheca, inflated aspect (GB7)' / absent present, 7 'Gape (GB8)' / not_fleshy margin_narrowly_fleshy margin_markedly_fleshy, 8 'Ramicorn color pattern (GB9)' / black dark_red pink yellowish orange green blue 'black_rsotrally_and__pinkish/orange_caudally', 9 'Latericorn and ramicorn, light distal mark (GB10)' / absent present, 10 'Latericorn color (GB11)' / black dark_red_and_black orange yellow green blue, 11 'Culminicorn (GB12)' / black reddish_orange pale_orange, 12 'Maxillary and mandibulary unguis, color (GB13)' / black reddish_orange yellow green 'blue-gray', 13 'Ramicorn, ultraviolet reflectance peak (corresponds to the orange spot) (KC14)' / absent present, 14 'Bill of downy chick, color (GB14)' / dark with_bright_orange_markings 'pale,_variably_horn_to_yellow' subtle_reddish_markings_at_base bluish, 15 'Bill of immature, color (GB15)' / dark bicolored_red_and_black red yellow gray, 16 'External nares (GB17)' / present absent, 17 'Nostril tubes in adult (GB16)' / absent present, 18 'Nostril tubes in hatchling (GB16)' / absent present, 19 ' External nares (KC19)' / 'well-separated' fused_at_midline, 20 'Iris color (GB18)' / brown silvery_gray claret_red yellow white, 21 'Scale-like feathers (GB19)' / absent present, 22 'Rachis of contour feathers (GB20)' / cylindrical flat_and_broad, 23 'Rectrices (GB21)' / form_a_functional_fan do_not_form_a_fan, 24 'Remiges (GB22)' / differentiated_from_contour_feathers indistinct_from_contour_feathers, 25 'Apteria (GB23)' / present absent, 26 'Molt of contour feathers (GB24)' / gradual simultaneous, 27 'Yellow pigmentation in crown feathers (pileum) (GB25)' / absent present, 28 'Head plumes (crista pennae) (GB26)' / absent present, 29 'Head plumes (GB27)' / compact sparse, 30 'Head plumes (GB28)' / directed_dorsally 'directed_posteriorly,_not_drooping' 'directed_posteriorly,__drooping', 31 'Head plumes, origin (GB29)' / at_base_of_bill_close_to_gape on_the_recess_between_latericorn_and_culminicorn on_forehead, 32 'Head plumes, color (GB30)' / yellow orange, 33 'Nape (occiput), crest development (GB31)' / absent slight distinct, 34 'Periocular region (GB32)' / black white yellow bluish_grey, 35 'Fleshy eyering (GB33)' / absent present, 36 'White eyering (GB34)' / absent present, 37 'White eyebrow (supercilium) (GB35)' / absent 'narrow,_from_postocular_area' 'narrow,_from_preocular_area' 'wide,_from_preocular_area', 38 'Loreal area (lorum), aspect (GB36)' / feathered patch_of_bear_skin_extending_from_eye_to_base_of_culminicorn 'patch_of_bare_skin_extends_from_eye_to_gape,_with_narrow_patch_of_bear_skin_at_margin_of_lower_beak' 'patch_of_bare_skin_extends_from_eye_to_gape,_with_extensive_patch_of_bear_skin_at_margin_of_lower_beak.', 39 'Auricular patch (regio auricularis) (GB37)' / absent present, 40 'Throat pattern (GB38)' / black white yellw irregularly_streaked with_chinstrap, 41 'Collar (GB39)' / absent slight_notch diffusely_marked strongly_demarked, 42 'Breast, golden color (GB40)' / absent present, 43 'Dorsum (GB41)' / black dark_bluish_grey light_bluish_grey, 44 'Black marginal edge of dorsum between lateral collar and axillary patch, contrasting with dorsum (GB42)' / absent present, 45 'Black dots irregularly distributed over white belly (GB43)' / absent present, 46 'Flanks, dark lateral band reaching the breast (GB44)' / absent present, 47 'Distinct dark axillary patch of triangular shape (GB45)' / absent present, 48 'Flanks, extent of dorsal dark cover into the leg (GB46)' / 'incomplete,_not_reaching_tarsus' 'complete,_reaching_tarsus', 49 'Rump, color (GB47)' / indistinct_in_color_from_dorsum distinct_white_patch, 50 'Tail length (GB48)' / 'short,_the_quills_barely_emerge_from_the_rump' quills_distinctly_developed, 51 'Outer rectrices, color (GB49)' / same_color_as_inner lighter_than_inner_retrices, 52 'White line connecting leading edge of flipper with white belly (GB50)' / absent present, 53 'Flipper, upperside, light notch at base (GB51)' / absent present, 54 'Leading edge of flipper, pattern of upperside (GB52)' / dark white, 55 'Leading edge of flipper, pattern of underside (GB53)' / white incompletely_dark completely_dark_and_wide, 56 'Flipper, underside, dark elbow patch (GB54)' / absent present, 57 'Flipper, underside, tip pattern (GB55)' / immaculate 'patchy,_in_variable_extent' _small_circular_dot_present, 58 'Immature plumage, white eyebrow (supercilium) (GB56)' / absent present, 59 'Immature plumage, throat pattern (jugulum) (GB57)' / black mottled white brown, 60 'Immature plumage, flanks, dark lateral band (GB58)' / absent present, 61 'Chicks, hatching plumage (GB59)' / feathered almost_naked_, 62 'Dominant color pattern of first down (GB60)' / _pale_gray distinctly_brown 'bicolored,_dark_above_and_whitish_bellow' uniformly_blackish_gray, 63 'Dominant color pattern of second down (GB61)' / pale_grey distinctly_brown '_bicolored,_dark_above_and_whitish_bellow' uniformly_blackish_gray, 64 'Chick, second down, collar (GB62)' / absent present, 65 'Feet, dorsal color (GB63)' / dark pink orange 'white-flesh' blue, 66 'Feet, soles distinctly darker than dorsal surface (GB64)' / absent present, 67 'Feet, unguis digiti (BG65)' / flat compressed, 68 'Clutch size (GB65)' / two_eggs one_egg, 69 'Incubatory sac (GB66)' / absent present, 70 'Nest (GB67)' / 'no_nest,_incubation_over_the_feet' 'nest_placed_underground,_either_burrowed_in_sand_or_inside_natural_hollow_or_crack' '_open_nest,_a_shallow_depression_on_bare_ground_or_in_midst_of_vegetation', 71 'Size of first egg relative to the second egg (GB68)' / similar first_egg_smaller first_egg_larger, 72 'Creche (GB69)' / absent 'small,_3-6_birds' formed_by_dozens_to_hundreds_of_immatures, 73 'Egg shape (BG71)' / oval conical spherical, 74 'Ecstatic display (BG72)' / absent present, 75 PALEOCENE_Beak_length / approximately_half_of_overall_skull_length_ 'elongate, approximately two thirds of overall skull length', 76 'Premaxilla, tip (rostrum maxillare) (GB0)' / pointed weakly_hooked strongly_hooked, 77 ' Internarial bar (pila supranasalis) shape in cross section (C75)' / suboval 'inverted_U-shape', 78 'Premaxilla, frontal process, naso-premaxillary suture (BG95)' / visible obliterated, 79 'Internarial bar (pila supranasalis), profile in lateral view (KC78)' / dorsal_edge_curves_smoothly_to_tip_of_beak pronounced_step_in_dorsal_edge, 80 'Nasal cavity, external naris (cavum nasi, apertura nasi ossea), caudal margin (OH5)' / extended_caudal_to_the_rostral_margin_of_the_hiatus_orbitonasalis not_extended_caudal_to_the_rostral_margin_of_the_hiatus_orbitonasalis, 81 'Nasal cavity,Internarial bar (pila supranasalis) (OH6)' / wide_throughout_its_length 'slender,_slightly_constricted_laterally', 82 'Basioccipital, subcondylar fossa (fossa subcondylaris) (GB73)' / absent_or_shallow deep, 83 'Supraoccipital, paired grooves for the exit of v. occipitalis externae (sulcus vena occipitalis externae) (BG74)' / poorly_developed deeply_excavated, 84 'Frontal, shelf of bone bounding salt-gland fossa (fossa glandulae nasalis) laterally (OH10)' / absent present, 85 'Processus postorbitalis, ventral tip (NEW): tapering to a narrow point (0); ending in a blunt squared tip (1).' / tapering_to_a_narrow_point_ ending_in_a_blunt_squared_tip, 86 'Squamosal, temporal fossa (fossa temporalis), size (BG76)' / '_fossae_separated_by_considerable_wide_surface_(at_least_the_width_of_the_cerebellar_prominence' 'more_extensive,_fossae_meeting_or_nearly_meeting_at_midline_of_the_skull', 87 'Squamosal, temporal fossa (fossa temporalis), depth of caudal region (BG77)' / flat shallow greatly_deepened, 88 'Squamosal, development of the opening that transmits the a. ophthalmica externa in the caudoventral area of the temporal fossa (near nuchal crest) (BG78)' / small_or_vestigial 'well-developed', 89 'Condylus occipitalis, development (NEW): moderate size, width equals 1/3 or less the distance between the lateral margins of the left and right tuberculum basilare (0); expanded, width reaching 1/2 of the distance between the lateral margins of the l' / 'moderate size, width equals 1/3 or less the distance between the lateral margins of the left and right tuberculum basilare ' 'expanded, width reaching 1/2 of the distance between the lateral margins of the left and right tuberculum basilare ', 90 'Orbit, fonticuli orbitocraniales (BG79)' / small_or_vestigial broad_and_conspicuous_openings, 91 'Facial foramen (foramen n. facialis) (BG92)' / absent present, 92 'Ectethmoid (BG80)' / absent 'weakly_developed,_widely_separate_from_the_lacrimal' 'well_developed,_contacting_or_fused_to_the_lacrimal', 93 'Lacrimal (OH11) (MODIFIED IN NZ)' / unperforated perforated, 94 'Lacrimal, pneumatic foramen in shaft (NEW FROM NZ)' / absent present, 95 'Lacrimal (BG82)' / 'reduced,_concealed_in_dorsal_view' small_portion_exposed_in_dorsal_view 'well-exposed_in_dorsal_view', 96 'Lacrimal, contact with frontal (KT89)' / suture fusion, 97 'Lacrimal, dorsal process (BG83)' / closely_applied_to_the_nasal '_rostral_arm_of_dorsal_process_separated_from_the_nasal_by_a_slit-like_rostro-caudally_elongate_opening', 98 'Jugal arch, bar shape in lateral view (BG93)' / straight slightly_curved ventrally_bowed 'strongly_curved,_sigmoid_shape', 99 'Jugal arch, dorsal process (this pointed process is located on the caudal end of the jugal, adjacent to the condyle for articulation with the quadrate) (BG94)' / absent present, 100 'Basitemporal plate (lamina parasphenoidalis), dorsoventral position with respect to the occipital condyle (BG86)' / ventral_to_the_level_of_the_condyle at_the_level_of_the_condyle 'dorsal_to_the_level_of_the_condyle,_surface_depressed', 101 'Basipterygoid process (processus basipterygoideus) (BG87)' / absent vestigial_or_poorly_developed 'well-developed', 102 'Eustachian tubes (tuba auditiva) (BG88)' / open_or_very_little_bony_covering_near_the_caudal_end_of_the_tube mostly_enclosed_by_bone, 103 'Vomer (BG91)' / 'laterally_compressed,_vertical_laminae_and_free_from_palatines' horizontally_flattened_laminae_and_ankylosed_with_palatines, 104 'Palatine, lamella choanalis (BG90)' / 'curved_and_smooth_plate,_slightly_differentiated_from_main_palatine_blade' 'ridged,_distinct_from_main_blade_by_a_low_keel' extended_vertically_ventrally_forming_the_crista_ventralis, 105 'Pterygoid, shape (BG89)' / elongated slight_lateral_expansion_of_rostral_end 'rostral_end_broad,_pterygoid_sub-triangular', 106 'Quadrate, relative lengths of otic and orbital processes (processus oticus and processus orbitalis) (KC102)' / orbital_process_longer otic_process_longer, 107 'Quadrate, otic process (processus oticus), rostral border, tubercle for m. adductor mandibulae externus, pars profunda (BG96)' / absent '_present,_as_a_ridge' '_present,_as_a_tubercle', 108 'Quadrate, otic process (processus oticus), rostral border, tubercle for m. adductor mandibulae externus, pars profunda (KC104)' / contiguous_with_squamosal_capitulum separated_from_squamosal_capitulum, 109 ' Quadrate, processus oticus, caudal margin in lateral view (A9)' / straight flexed_so_as_to_be_concave_caudally, 110 'Tomial edge (crista tomialis) (BG97)' / 'plane_of_tomial_edge_approximately_at_the_level_of_the_basitemporal_plate_(lamina_parasphenoidalis)' _dorsal_to_the_level_of_the_basitemporal_plate, 111 'Mandible, symphysis (C101)' / extensive_bony_connection short_terminal_bony_connection, 112 'Mandible, posteriorly projected midline spur from dentary underlying symphysis (KC107)' / absent present, 113 'Mandible, rostral fenestra (fenestra mandibulae rostralis) (OH8)' / imperforate_or_small_opening large_opening, 114 'Mandible, caudal fenestra (fenestra mandibulae caudalis) (OH9)' / 'open,_can_be_seen_through_from_the_medial_or_lateral_aspects' 'nearly_or_completely_concealed_by_the_splenial_medially_(i.e.,_fenestra_not_visible_in_the_medial_aspect)', 115 'Mandible, ramus (BG101)' / depth_subequal_over_entire_ramus pronounced_deepening_at_midpoint, 116 'Mandible, ramus (KC112)' / essentially_straight_or_gently_sloping pronounced_ventral_deflection_near_midpoint, 117 'Mandible, dentary, length of dorsal edge relative to mandibular ramus length in lateral view (BG103)' / markedly_more_than_half_the_length_of_ramus approximately_half_the_length_of_ramus, 118 'Mandible, articular, medial process (processus medialis) (BG104)' / not_hoooked hooked, 119 'Mandible, angular, aspect in dorsal view (BG106)' / sharply_truncated_caudally 'caudally_projected,_forming_retroarticular_process_(processus_retroarticularis)', 120 'Mandible, processus retroarticularis' / absent present_as_a_caudally_directed_process present_as_a_dorsally_curved_process, 121 'Mandible, angular, retroarticular process (processus retroarticularis), aspect in dorsal view in relation to the articular area for the quadrate between the lateral and medial condyles (condylus lateralis and condylus medialis) (BG105)' / 'broad,_approximately_equal_to_the_articular_area' 'moderately_long,_narrower_than_the_articular_area' 'very_long,_longer_and_narrower_than_the_articular_area', 122 'Mandible, medial emargination between medial and retroarticular processes (processus retroarticularis and processus medialis) (KC108)' / absent weak_concavity strong_concavity, 123 'Atlas, processus ventralis (BG108)' / absent_or_slightly_developed 'well_developed,_high_and_prominent_ridge_on_the_dorsal_surface_of_the_arcus_atlantis', 124 'Transition to free cervicothoracic ribs (BG109)' / starting_at_13th_cervical_vertebra starting_at_14th_cervical_vertebra starting_at_15th_cervical_vertebra, 125 'Cervical vertebrae, transverse process (processus transversus) in last five cervical vertebrae (BG111)' / not_elongated_laterally greatly_elongated_laterally, 126 'Thoracic vertebrae, posteriormost vertebrae (KC114)' / heterocoelous weakly_opisthocoelous strongly_opisthocoelous, 127 'Thoracic vertebrae, deep excavation on lateral face of posterior thoracic vertebrae (KC124)' / absent present, 128 'Synsacrum, number of incorporated vertebrae (C117)' / eleven_or_less twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen_or_more, 129 'Synsacrum, height of crista synsacri between acetabula (KC126)' / flat_or_weakly_projected strongly_projected, 130 'Synsacrum, ventral surface of first few incorporated vertebrae (A63)' / rounded_or_flattened 'sharp,_blade-like_ventral_margin', 131 'Synsacrum, first incorporated vertebra, position of fovea costalis (KS230)' / cranial_to_level_of_processus_trnasversus caudal_to_level_of_processus_trnasversus, 132 'Caudal vertebrae (BG113)' / seven eight nine_or_more, 133 'Pygostyle, shape (KS232)' / tapers_to_a_narrow_edge_both_dorsally_and_ventrally_as_in_most_volant_birds '_triangular_in_cross-section_with_a_wide,_flat_ventral_margin', 134 'Thoracic ribs, uncinate processes (costae, processes uncinati) (BG114)' / 'elongate,_narrow' 'wide_at_base,_spatulate' extremely_wide_at_base, 135 'Thoracic ribs, uncinate processes (costae, processes uncinati) (KC129)' / fused_to_ribs unfused, 136 'Sternum, external spine (spina externa rostri) (OH13)' / absent present, 137 'Sternum, facies articularis furculae projects as a distinctive process (BG116)' / absent present_as_small_expansion 'present and expanded as a bifid or cup-shaped surface', 138 'Sternum, orientation of sulcus articularis coracoideus in ventral view (A15)' / sulci_oriented_in_essentially_straight_horizontal_line sulci_directed_caudolaterally_so_as_to_together_form_an_inverted_U_shape, 139 'Sternum, articular facets for coracoids (sulcus articularis coracoideus) (C122)' / meet_or_overlap_one_another_at_midline 'separated_by_wide_non-articulatory_surface', 140 'Sternum, labrum externum (C123)' / continues_as_sharp_ridge_onto_the_base_of_the_spina_externa fades_away_without_continuing_onto_the_base, 141 'Sternum, caudal incisurae (KC133)' / none two four, 142 'Sternum, trabecula lateralis projects caudal to main body of sternum (KS234)' / no yes, 143 'Furcula, boss for articulation with acrocoracoid process on cranial margin' / absent presemt, 144 'Furcula, ramus (CL218)' / 'sub-ovoid_in_cross-sectional_omal_end' mediolaterally_flattened_and_craniocaudally_expanded_at_omal_end, 145 'Furcula, hypocleidium (apophysis furculae) (BG117)' / 'absent_or_low_knob-like_process' 'long,_blade-like_process' two_distinct_ventral_projections, 146 Scapula_longer_than_ulna / no yes, 147 'Scapula, acromion (CL223)' / 'craniodorsally_directed,_nearly_parallel_to_long_axis_of_scapular_shaft_at_apex' forms_a_blunt_triangular_projection_with_apex_directed_approximately_at_45_degree_angle_from_long_axis_of_scapular_shaft 'narrow_and_tapering,_apex_omally_directed' 'narrow_and_tapering,_apex_directed_at_a_right_angle_to_scapular_shaft' broad_triangular_tab, 148 'Scapula, facies articularis humeralis (KS235)' / 'rounded,_projecting_from_shaft_of_scapula' 'compressed_and_ovoid,_projecting_from_shaft_of_scapula' flattened_and_nearly_merged_with_shaft_of_scapula, 149 Scapula_blade / 'narrow and blade-like' moderately_widened_with_no_distal_expansion moderately_widened_with_slight_distal_expansion 'broad, with paddle-like distal expansion', 150 'Coracoid, length (KC137)' / shorter_than_humerus 'greatly_elongated,_longer_than_humerus', 151 'Coracoid, scapular cotyle (scapula cotylaris) (CL217)' / 'deep_and_socket-like' moderately_concave nearly_flat, 152 'Coracoid, processus acrocoracoideus, region of tuberculum brachiale (AH22)' / craniocaudally_compressed 'craniocaudally_expanded,_with_a_large_flat_surface_cranial_to_tuberculum_brachiale', 153 'Coracoid, medial margin, coracoidal fenestra (OH14)' / absent incomplete complete, 154 'Coracoid, foramen nervi supracoracoidei, Mayr (2005) cited ontogenetic evidence that this foramen is not homologous to the coracoidal fenestra of penguins. (K122)' / absent present, 155 'Coracoid, sternal margin (extremitas sternalis coracoidei (BG120)' / greatly_expanded moderate_expansion, 156 'Coracoid, profile of the sternal margin (extremitas sternalis coracoidei) in ventral view (K124)' / convex concave flat, 157 'Coracoid, facies articularis sternalis, dorsal surface (KS236)' / single_facet two_facets, 158 'Coracoid, lateral process (processus lateralis)' / absent_or_highly_reduced 'well-developed', 159 'New: humerus/femur proporitons' / humerus_longer femur_longer, 160 'Humerus, flatness index (midshaft width / midshaft breadth) (NEW). Ordered.' / 'Circular_or_weakly_flattened,_flatness_index_<1.5' 'Flattened,_flatness_index_1.5-2.0' 'Highly_flattened,_flatness_index_>2.0', 161 'Humerus, head very developed and reniform, continuous with tuberculum dorsale (BG122)' / absent present, 162 'Humerus, head in posterior view(C132)' / apex_of_humeral_head_located_near_midline humeral_head_slopes_so_that_apex_of_humeral_head_located_ventrally, 163 'Humerus, incisura capitis (K127)' / essentially_confluent_with_sulcus_transversus clearly_separated_from_sulcus_transversus, 164 'Humerus, capital incisure (CL222)' / extends_to_secondary_tricipital_fossa separated_from_secondary_tricipital_fossa, 165 'Humerus, pit for ligament insertion on proximal surface adjacent to head (K128)' / absent_or_very_shallow deep, 166 'Humerus, orientation of intumescentia humeri and tuberculum ventrale (K129)' / 'intumescentia_projects_ventrally_from_shaft,_tuberculum_oriented_posteriorly' 'intumescentia_projects_ventrally_from_shaft,_tuberculum_oriented_ventrally' 'intumescentia_projected_more_cranioventrally__(so_as_to_be_partially_obscured_in_posterior_view),_tuberculum_oriented_cranioventrally', 167 'Humerus, proximal margin of tricipital fossa (fossa tricipitalis) (K135)' / weak_projection 'projects_so_as_to_be_well-exposed_in_proximal_view', 168 'Humerus, proximal border of tricipital fossa in ventral view (KT153)' / concave_proximal_margin _straight_border, 169 'Humerus, tricipital fossa (fossa tricipitalis) (BG123)' / small_with_penetrating_pneumatic_foramina moderate_fossa_without_pneumatic_foramen deep_fossa_without_pneumatic_foramen, 170 'Humerus, tricipital fossa (fossa tricipitalis) (BG124)' / single bipartite, 171 'Humerus, deltoid crest, impressio m. pectoralis (BG125)' / 'superficial_poorly-defined_groove' 'shallow,_well-defined_oblong_fossa' '_deep,_well-defined_oblong_fossa', 172 'Humerus, impressio insertii m. supracoracoideus (K133)' / 'small,_semicircular_scar' 'greatly_elongated_with_long_axis_sub-parallel_to_main_axis_of_humeral_shaft', 173 'Humerus, impressio insertii m. supracoracoideus and m. latissimus dorsi (K134)' / separated_by_a_wide_gap separated_by_a_moderate_gap separated_by_small_gap_or_confluent, 174 'Humerus, latisimus dori scar' / lineate circiular, 175 'Humerus, coracobrachialis caudalis scar (CL219)' / clearly_separated_from_head scar_contacts_distal_margin_of_head, 176 'Humerus, coracobrachialis caudal scar (CL220)' / 'deeply_depressed,_subcircular' 'flat,_ovoid,_oriented_dorsoventrally' 'flat,_elongate_and_oriented_obliquely_at_approximately_45_degree_angle_to_long_axis_of_shaft' 'flat, elongated and oriented more proximal-distally', 177 'Humerus, groove for coracobrachialis nerve (CL221)' / absent_or_poorly_defined 'sharp,_narrow_sulcus', 178 'Humerus, shaft, dorsoventral width (K136)' / shaft_thins_or_maintains_width_distally shaft_widens_distally, 179 'Humerus, nutrient foramen (foramen nutricum) (C143)' / situated_on_ventral_face_of_shaft situated_on_anterior_face_of_shaft, 180 'Humerus, plexus', 181 'Humerus, anterior face of shaft elongate depression near ventral margin (C144)' / absent present, 182 'Humerus, shaft, sigmoid curvature (K137)' / absent_or_weak strong, 183 'Humerus, scar for origin of m. brachialis (A34)' / ovoid_fossa_on_cranial_face_of_humerus_at_distal_end 'proximodistally_elongate_scar_on_dorsal_margin_of_humeral_shaft,_with_diagonally_oriented_proximal_border' 'proximodistally_elongate_scar_on_dorsal_margin_of_humeral_shaft,_with_chevron-shaped_proximal_border', 184 'Humerus, development of dorsal supracondylar tubercle (processus supracondylar dorsalis) (BG126)' / absent compact_tubercle elongate_process hyperelongate, 185 'Humerus, demarcation of sulcus scapulotricipitalis (BG127)' / not_demarcated 'passage_a_well-marked_groove' development_of_short_trochlear_ridge_positioned_on_the_caudal_face_of_the_humerus_and_resulting_in_a_deep_sulcus_ 'development of a large trochlear ridge, extnding to the ventral border of the hemural shaft and forming a deep sulcus ', 186 'Humerus, middle trochlear ridge (after sulcus character 39 of Chavez)' / extends_completey_to_contact_shelf_adjacent_to_condylus_ventralis 'does_not_extend_to_shelf_(may_coalesce_with_anterior_trochlear_ridge)', 187 'Humerus, posterior trochlear ridge (BG128) ' / extends_beyond_ventral_margin_of_the_humeral_shaft does_not_extend_beyond_the_humeral_shaft, 188 'Humerus, angle between main axis of shaft and tangent of ulnar and radial condyles (condylus dorsalis and condylus ventralis) (K141)' / less_than_45_degrees more_than_45_degrees about_90_degrees, 189 'Humerus, ulnar condyle (condylus ventralis) (K142)' / condyle_projected_and_rounded condyle_flattened, 190 'Humerus, shelf adjacent to condylus ventralis: large, ratio of condyle width (K143)' / 'shelf_width_>1.3' 'moderate,_ratio_of_condyle_width:_shelf_width_1.3-2.0' 'greatly_reduced,_less_than_half_condyle_width', 191 'Radius, shaft (KC166)' / 'sub-cylindrical' flattened_and_moderately_wide flattened_and_extremely_borad, 192 'Radius, shaft, orientation' / straight deflected, 193 'Radius, marked crest on dorsal face, along cranial edge' / absent present, 194 'Radius, distinct notch in cranial margin at insertion of m. brachialis' / absent present, 195 'Radius, proximally projecting spike-like process at cranial margin (KS239)' / absent present, 196 'Ulna incisura radialis (KS240)' / 'concave_in_proximal_view,_so_that_the_ulna_contacts_the_proximal_radius_at_both_its_caudal_and_ventral_surfaces' 'obsolete,_so_radius_and_ulna_abut_one_another_at_a_nearly_flat_contact', 197 'Ulna, distinct process extending toward sulcus humerotricipitalis of humerus (K145)' / absent present, 198 'Ulna, processus condylaris dorsalis' / present absent, 199 'Ulna, olecranon, position ' / projects_proximal_to_cotylae at_same_level_as_cotylae_or_slightly_distal displaced_well_distal_to_cotylae, 200 'Ulna, olecranon, morphology' / 'rounded and knob-like' 'rounded and tab-like' 'squared and tab-like' broad_and_rounded subtriangular, 201 'Ulna, tuberculum carpale' / present absent, 202 'Ulnare (KC169)' / '_U-shaped' 'triangular,_fan-shaped_wedge', 203 'Ulnare, distal angle (This character refers to the distal angle in the specialized fan-shaped ulnare of penguins and is considered non-comparable for outgroup taxa) (KS241)' / rounded pointed, 204 ' Carpometacarpus, length' / 'short, less than half of humerus length ' 'elgonated, more than half of humerus length ', 205 'Carpometacarpus, pisiform process (processus pisiformis) (C155) (DIFFERS FROM MAYR ON MACRO, OCEANO, OCEANI)' / 'well-projected_round_tubercle' reduced_to_a_low_ridge, 206 'Carpometacarpus, extensor process (processus extensorius) (KC175)' / present absent, 207 'Carpometacarpus, separation between metacarpal I and trochlea carpalis' / proximal_margin_of_metacarpal_I_placed_far_distal_to_that_of_trochlea_carpalis nearly_at_same_level_, 208 'Carpometacarpus, distal extension of metacarpal I relative to spatum intermetacarpale: ' / 'does not extend to, or just reachs, proximal margin of spatum intermetacarpale ' extends_well_distal_to_level_of_spatum_intermetacarpale_, 209 'Carpometacarpus, distal facet on metacarpal I (C156)' / absent present, 210 'Carpometacarpus, metacarpal II, distinct anterior bowing (C157)' / absent present, 211 'Carpometacarpus, metacarpal II, distal expansion (KC176)' / absent present, 212 'Carpometacarpus, extension of metacarpals II and III (C158)' / subequal_or_III_slightly_shorter metacarpal_III_projects_markedly_distal_of_metacarpal_II, 213 ' Carpometacarpus, metacarpal III, tab-like caudal expnasion near distal third of element' / absent present, 214 'Carpometacarpus, metacarpal III, distal articular surface (facies articularis digitalis major) (C159)' / wedge_shaped_or_broadens_anteriorly_in_distal_view slightly_depressed_ovoid_surface, 215 'Phalanx III-1, proximal process (BG130)' / absent present, 216 'Manual phalanges: (C161)' / 'much_shorter_than_phalanx_II-1' 'phalanx_II-1_and_phalanx_III-1_subequal_in_length', 217 'Phalanges of manus, length relative to carpometacarpus (BG131)' / long short, 218 'Fusion of ilia to synsacrum (K149)' / unfused partially_fused well_fused, 219 'Pelvis, preacetabular ilia (KC181) (CHECK MAYR CORRECTION)' / 'approach_one_another,_but_do_not_contact_at_midline' _contact_at_midline_forming_canalis_iliosynsacralis, 220 'Pelvis, foramina intervertebralia large, forming wide openings on dorsal surface of pelvis (KC182)' / absent present, 221 'Ilium, projected postiliac spine' / absent present, 222 'Pelvis, size of foramen ilioischiadicum and foramen acetabuli (OH16)' / foramen_ilioischiadicum_smaller_or_similar_in_size foramen_ilioischiadicum_larger, 223 'Pelvis, fenestra ischiopubica (BG133)' / very_wide_and_closed_at_its_caudal_end 'slit-like_and_open_at_its_caudal_end', 224 'Pelvis, Waimanu flange' / narrow wide, 225 'Ischium, caudal extent in relation to postacetabular ilium (BG134)' / ischium_shorter_than_ilium ischium_projects_slightly_beyond_the_ilium ischium_produced_far_caudal_to_ilium, 226 'Femur, robusticity of shaft (NEW):' / _not_markedly_widened '_strongly_expanded,_midshaft_width_>15%_of_femur_length', 227 'Femur: Marples straight/curved', 228 ' Femur, scars on lateral face of trochanter (=impressiones iliotrochanteris)' / shallow_depression_near_proximal_margin deep_depression_near_proximal_margin 'flat at proximal margin, with deep dpression located more distally', 229 'Femur, linea apsera meet' / distal_third near_midshaft, 230 'Patella (KC 187)' / 'absent,_unossified,_or_a_small_ossicle' 'present_as_a_large,_block-like_element', 231 Patella_shape / less_than_1.5 more_than_1.5, 232 'Patella, sulcus m. ambiens (BG135)' / shallow_groove deep_groove perforation, 233 'NEW: Patella, dorsal face' / falt_or_slightly_convex concaave_with_prominent_lip, 234 'Tibiotarsus, crista patellaris (BG136)' / slightly_developed 'well-projected' greatly_enlarged, 235 'Tibiotarsus, shaft, craniocaudal flattening (C169)' / '_weak,_midshaft_craniocaudal__depth_greater_than_75%_mediolateral_width' '_strong,_midshaft_craniocaudal_depth_equal_to_or_less_than_75%_mediolateral_width', 236 'Tibiotarsus, sulcus extensorius (K139)' / laterally_positioned close_to_midline medially_positioned, 237 'Tibiotarsus, distal condylete' / subequal_projection medial_projects_much_more_strongly, 238 'Tibiotarsus, medial margin in distal view (KS242)' / margin_is_nearly_straight margin_strongly_convex, 239 'Tibiotarsus, condylus medialis and epicondylus medialis connected by ridge (Jad)' / present absent, 240 'Loon Apo, TBT, condylus medialis with tab-like caudal projection from rim' / present absent, 241 'Tibiotarsus, notch in distal edge of medial condyle (condylus medialis) (AH38)' / present absent, 242 'Tibiotarsus, lateral condyle (condylus lateralis) in lateral profile (AH37)' / ovoid subcircular, 243 'Tarsometatarsus, elongation index (proximodistal length / mediolateral width at proximal end) (BH139): (0) elongate, EI>3.0; (1) shortened, 3.0>EI>2.5; (2) strongly shortened , 2.5>EI>2.0; (3) extremely shortened, EI<2.0' / '_slender,_EI_>3.0' 'shortened,_2.51.5', 244 'Tarsometatarsus, dimensions at midshaft' / mediolateral_width_and_dorsoventral_breath_subequal 'widened, width twice or more breadth ' 'narrow, breadth approximately twice breadth', 245 'Tarsometatarsus, enclosed hypotarsal canals (canales hypotarsi) (BG141)' / present absent, 246 'Tarsometatarsus, crista medialis hypotarsi (KS243)' / present absent, 247 'Tarsometatarsus, relative plantar projection of medial and lateral hypotarsal crests (KT203)' / medial_crest_projects_farther_than_lateral _projection_of_medial_and_lateral_hypotarsal_crests_subequal, 248 'Tarsometatarsus, intermediate hypotarsal crests (crista intermediae hypotarsi) (K158)' / 'distinct,_separated_by_groove' 'non-distinct', 249 'Tarsometatarsus, medial margin, pronounced convexity (K157)' / absent present, 250 'Tarsometatarsus, dorsal sulcus between metatarsals II and III (sulcus longitudinalis dorsalis medialis) (K159)' / absent_or_barely_perceptible shallow_groove moderate_groove deep_groove, 251 'Tarsometatarsus, proximal vascular foramina on plantar surface (K162)' / 'foramen_vasculare_proximale_mediale_present,_foramen_vasculare_proximale_laterale_absent_or_vestigial' both_foramina_present 'foramen_vasculare_proximale_laterale_present,_foramen_vasculare_proximale_mediale_absent_or_vestigial', 252 'Revised: Tarsometatarsus, medial vascular foramen' / opens_distal_to_crest opens_lateral_to_crest perforates_crest, 253 'NEW: Tarsometatarsus, insertion of m. tibialis cranialis' / placed_on_the_proximal_third_of_the_shaft_ 'displaced distally, to near midpoint of shaft ', 254 'Tarsometatarsus, distal vascular foramen (foramen vasculare distale): (K163)' / 'present,_separated_from_incisura_intertrochlearis_lateralis_by_osseous_bridge' 'present,_open_distally' absent, 255 'Tarsometatarsus, metatarsal IV' / distal_end_projects_laterally nearly_straight distal_end_deflected_medially, 256 'REVISED: Tarsometatarsus, trochleae in distal view (modified KT211)' / 'aligned in an arc, with MTII more plantarly displaced than IV' 'MTIII and MTIV aligned, MTII displaced plantarly' 'all in a row, or lightly arced' trochlea_metatarsi_IV_displaced_dorsally, 257 'M. latissimus dorsi, pars cranialis, accessory slip (BG143)' / absent present, 258 'M. latissimus dorsi, pars cranialis and pars caudalis (BG144)' / separated fused, 259 'M. latissimus dorsi, pars metapatagialis, development (BG145)' / wide intermediate narrow, 260 'M. serratus profundus, cranial fascicle (BG146)' / absent present, 261 'M. deltoideus, pars propatagialis, subdivision in superficial and deep layers (BG147)' / undivided divided, 262 'M. deltoideus, pars major (BG148)' / 'triangular_or_fan-shaped' 'strap-shaped', 263 'M. deltoideus, pars major, caput caudale (BG149)' / short intermediate long, 264 'M. deltoideus, pars minor, origin on the clavicular articulation of the coracoid (BG150)' / absent present, 265 'M. ulnometacarpalis ventralis (BG151)' / absent present, 266 'M. iliotrochantericus caudalis (BG152)' / narrow wide, 267 'M. iliofemoralis, origin (BG153)' / tendinous partially_tendinous_and_partially_fleshy totally_fleshy, 268 'M. flexor perforatus digitis IV, rami II-III (BG154)' / free fused, 269 '. flexor perforatus digitis IV, rami I-IV (BG155)' / free fused, 270 'M. flexor perforatus digitis IV, insertion of middle rami (BG156)' / on_phalanx_3 on_phalanx_4, 271 'M. latissimus dorsi, pars caudalis, additional origin from dorsal process of vertebrae (BG157)' / absent present, 272 'Oral mucosa (bucca, tunica mucosa oris), buccal papillae group on the medial surface of the lower jaw (ramus mandibularis) at the level of the rictus (BG 158)' / small_number_of_rudimentary_papillae_with_no_clear_arrangement '_large,_elongated_papillae_with_no_clear_arrangement' _two_clear_rows_of_short_conical_papillae, 273 'Tracheal rings (KC219)' / single bifurcated, 274 Pedal_digit_I / 'small,_with_metatarsal_I_and_single_phalanx_both_present' 'metatarsal_I_reduced_to_an_ossicle,_claw_represented_by_a_minute_ossicle_or_lost' metatarsal_I_absent ; MATRIX Anthropornis_grandis ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01??00????1001?1?02021011??001?1?????0??????????11???????????????????????????????????1??????21100?10000212?????????????????? Anthropornis_nordenskjoeldi ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10?1?1??2021011??00?11?03??00?21100??11111?1?11?11010?0?1?????????0??????0?1??????11100010000212?????????????????? Aptenodytes_forsteri 000200050000100100?011111100????00000010011100010100000000001000000110?211000000101000110111002002{0 1}20100211111001000011102111202110111100011111101313120101100021111120021212112010100103011122111010124111111110101011100001010101011001001000?11411001031{0 2}1212110110110110011?10 Aptenodytes_patagonicus 000100040000100100?011111100????00000010011100010100001110001110000110?211100000101000110111002002020100211111001000011102111202110111100011111101313120101100021111{0 1}20021212112010100103011122111010124111111110101011100001010101011001001000?11311001031{0 2}12121101101101100112?0 Aptenodytes_ridgeni ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01001?110010???1141100103101212?????????????????? Archaeospheniscus_lopdelli ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0????????????????????????????????????????????????2???00???????????????????????00????????????????????????1??030?10121?0???1231????????????????????????0????????????????3110??00100222?????????????????? Archaeospheniscus__lowei ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????00???0???????????????????????????????0?1????000?021001010?202111???11?11?03?010121?0???1231????????????????????????00?0102?????????????????????????????????????????? 'Burnside "Palaeeudyptes"' ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????210010100202101011011102030?000??????01211???111111???????????????????????0?1?????131?????02?021??????????????????? Delphinornis_arctowskii ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2????????????????????????????????????????????1??????21100100100011?????????????????? Delphinornis_gracilis ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????00????????1??0???11100100100{0 1}11?????????????????? Delphinornis_larseni ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????11????1??1????????????????????????0?????????1??????{1 2}1100100100011?????????????????? Eretiscus_tonnii ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1111102?02121111201??00103?0102????????????????????????????????????????????????????111?01012?0?1??????????????????? Eudyptes_calauina ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1111120021212112010?00?03?1112???????????????????????????????????????????001????1131100102120212?????????????????? Eudyptes_chrysocome 100121140211?02100?21111111112102000000000000001010000111010022011100212010100001001002?0?0110200312010?212110100?101111120?120?010?1111001111110131312?201100121111120021212112010100103111122111110124111111110101011100001010101001?1?001000?11{2 3}1100102120212?????????????????0 Eudyptes_chrysolophus 100121240211002100?21111111112210000000000000001110000111010022011100212010100001001002000011020031201002121101001101111120{0 1}1202010111110011111101313120201100121111120021212112010100103111122111110124111111110101011100001010101001110001000?11311001021202120011100000111001?0 Eudyptes_filholi 100121240211?02100?21111111112102000000000000001010000111010022011100212010100001001002?0?0110200312010?212110100?101111120?1203010?1111001111110131312?201100121111120021212112010100103111122111110124111111110101011100001010101001110001000?113110010?120212?????????????????0 Eudyptes_moseleyi 100121140211?02100?211111111021020000000000000010100002110100220111002120101000010010020000110200312010021211010001011111201120201011111001111110131312?201100121111120021212112010100103111122111110124111111110101011100001010101?01?1?001000?11{2 3}110010?120212???????????????1?0 Eudyptes_pachyrhynchus 100121040211?02100?{0 2}111111110110000000000000000101000011102002201110021201010000100{0 1}00200001102003120100212110100010111112021202010111110011111101313120{1 2}01100121111120021212112010100103111122111110124111111110101011100001010101001?1?001000?11311001021202120011{0 1}0000011100??0 Eudyptes_robustus 100121240211?02100?{0 2}11111111011000000000000000010100002110200220111002120101000010010020000110200312010121211010001011111200120{2 3}01011111001111110131312?201100121111120021212112010100103?11122111110124111111110101011100001010101?01?1?001000?11{2 3}110010?120212?????????????????0 Eudyptes_schlegeli 100121240211?02100?211111111122101000001000000011100001110100220111002120101000010010020000110200312010021211010011011111201120?01011111001111110131312?201100121111120021212112010100103?11122111110124?11111110101011100001010101?01?1?00100??113110010{1 2}120212001110000011100??0 Eudyptes_sclateri 100121240211002100?011111111000000000000000000011100002110200220111002120101000010010020000110200312010021211010011011111201120{2 3}01011111001111110131312?201100121111120021212112010100103?11122111110124111111110101011100001010101001?1?001000?113110010{1 2}120212?????????????????0 Eudyptes_warhami ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0100001001002000???????31201???????0100010111112???????????????????????????120201100?2111112002121211201?100103?1112?????????????11111010101???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Eudyptula_minor 1101200000000000010111111100????0300000100200001000100002020012130100101010101011010002{0 1}00011020010201012111101000000111120{1 2}12010102111100111111013131201011001211111200212121120101001031{0 1}112211111012411111111010101110000111010100111000100001121100{0 1}031202120021001001000000?0 Eudyptula_novaehollandiae 010120000000?0000?0111111100????030000010020000100000{0 1}0020200121301001010101010110100020000110200102010121111010010001111201120101011111001{0 1}11110131312010110012111112002121211201010010311112211111012411111111010101110000111010100111000100001121100{0 1}03120212???????????????0?? Icadyptes_salasi ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10?10000?0012?1??????0?002???1002010010?000011??????????????????????11??10??01???????210?101??20210112001110?030?00021100?012111011111110001000????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Inguza_predemersus ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????121111120021212112010100?03?111221111101241??11111010101???????????01?0????001?0??1121100?03120212?????????????????? Inkayacu_paracasensis ????????????????????11????????????????????????????????????????????????????100000?000012?1???10?0?002??02?02010000?000011001?120????????????????11110210?2000??021001010020210101101110?03000002110???????1?1?11111000?0??????????000?1?2?01??????131100?002?0212?????????????????? Kairuku_grebneffi ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2????1?0????110???1??10?101??001101100101?0?02101?20011102030?00021100001221??1111101010100?0???1???10?01?2?01101??113111?1002?0212?????????????????? Kairuku_waitaki ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????00??????????????????0??????????201??????????1?????2???01???1?0?1???????????01??00110?100101??2021010?0??1?????0????21100??1??110?1111?1??0???00???????10?01????1101????3111?1002?0212?????????????????? Madrynornis_mirandus ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?00100?002000?110?0?1?201?1?1211???0000?111220??20?????1??10011???1013131102011001211110200212121120111001031111221111101241??11111?10101???????0???0100111?001?00?1121100101120212?????????????????? Marambiornis_exilis ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01????????1??0???11100000110111?????????????????? Marplesornis_novaezealandiae ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????101??12100?????????201011120?????0???011000??2?????????10?10??11013131??20110??211??12??212???12?10??0?0???1122111???124111???????????????????????1??????????????????????????????????????????????? Megadyptes_antipodes 100120020211000100?311111110????02100002000000010101010100200110101002000101000010010020000110200212010021111010010011111201120201?111110011111101313120201100121111120021212112010100103111122111110124111111110101011100001010101101?1?001000?1131100102120212001010211001110??0 Megadyptes_antipodes_richdalei ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01000010?1002?0???????????0????1111?100?000111120??2??????????00??1????????120201100121111?2002121211201?10020??1?1?2111???1241111111101010????0??10?0?0110????0?1??????3110010?1?021??????????????????? Megadyptes_antipodes_waitaha ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????12020110?121111?2002121211201??00?0????12??1????1??1????????????????????????0110????0??????1?3110?10?1??2???????????????????? Mesetaornis_polaris ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????00????????1??1?1?11100000110111?????????????????? Notodyptes_wimani ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10??????20?1????????????3?000????????????????????????????????????0?????????1??????2110?0001?0{0 1}???????????????????? Nucleornis_insolitus ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3110010300021??????????????????? Pachydyptes_ponderosus ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10??000???2100101002021011200{0 1}11020300000?????????????11111?1000????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Palaeeudyptes_gunnari ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????210010100202101{0 1}1101111203000002110????221??1?????1???????????????00?0???????????1?211000002?0212?????????????????? Palaeeudyptes_klekowskii ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1??00???{1 2}100101?020210111?011112030?0002??????1221??1111111000????????????00?????????00????311000002?0212?????????????????? Palaeospheniscus_bergi ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2?1110???????????????????1????????21111020{0 1}21211112010100103011?22111???1??1??11111010101???0?0?????0?????????1000011211001012?021??????????????????? Palaeospheniscus_biloculata ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2???1?????1???0?????1313110201??0?211?102?121211112?10100103??1???111???1??1??1111101010????????11??0??????????????1121100?0?2?02???????????????????? Palaeospheniscus_patagonicus ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0???1?????????????????????????????1???00????????????????????????????????3?10??11???21111020{0 1}212111120101001030110221111?01241??11111010101???????????010?1?1?0?1?0??11211001012?0212?????????????????? Paraptenodytes_antarcticus ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100?12?10?????????201??00201????0???011001???????????????????????20?101?0?????21001010020211112011?0020301101???????????????????????????????????00?01?2??11000?1131100100100212?????????????????? Perudyptes_devriesi ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01???0?00120???????????20?????????1?0?0?0??????????????????????????????????????????11000010?201101010010?1?1300????????????????11????100?0???000??????0?0????????????1{1 2}1????00??021??????????????????? 'Platydyptes marplesi (with Ando material)' ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10100???1?12121??2000????1011010?2021111211?100203?010121?1?011231??1?111010111???????????0????????????????2110??001?02?2?????????????????? 'Platydyptes novaezealandiae (with Ando material)'??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0???00??110???????????????010???1?1?212??1???????210110100212111121111002030010121111011231??????101??1????????????????????0?100????311000001?0222?????????????????? Pygoscelis_adeliae 100210010100031100?011111100????100100000000001001000010102000101100022221010000101110110001001003020100211111100010111101011202010111110011111101313120101100121111020021212112010100103?11122111{0 1}10124111111110101011101001010101001021001?00?1131101101100212112100211100111?10 Pygoscelis_antarcticus 100210000000000100?011111100????010000040000001001100011101000001000020221010000101110100001001003020{0 1}0021111110010011110101120201011211001111110131312010110012111102{0 1}{0 1}2121211201010010311112211111012411111111010101110200101010100102100100001131101101110212112100211100111??0 Pygoscelis_calderensis ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????011?0110?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0??????????????????????????????????????????? Pygoscelis_grandis ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0??????????????1??????????????12????????21???????????0??3?1???2??????????11??????????????0???0???01?0?02???1??????31100102100212?????????????????? Pygoscelis_papua 100210040200011100?011111100????00010000000000101110011010000020200002222101000010{0 1}110110001101002{0 1}20{0 1}0021111110000011110101120{2 3}010112110011111101313120{1 2}01100121111120021212112010100103111122111110124111111110101011102001010101001011001000?113110110{1 2}1102121121102111001112?0 Pygoscelis_tyreii ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????11??011?????1??31??2011?0?21111020021211113??0?00?03?11122111?10?????????????????????0??????0??01?2?0???????????????????????????????????????? Sequiwaimanu_rosieae ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1??0000??0112?????00?0000??????020100001000??1?????11???????????????0121102000?0020101100001??2011000100??01?120000011000000110??00101101000???????????0000?????1210??11???????????????????????????????? Spheniscus_chilensis ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????201???????????????????12???11??1211111?1?212121?2?101001031011221111????????1111101010??????????????????????1??????2110?103120213?????????????????? Spheniscus_demersus 2110100010000000000011111100????00103100100011010000001111100221001001010101110100100120000110000102010121211010000011112201120211021111001111110131312?201100121111121121212112010100103{0 1}{0 1}1122111110124111111110101011100001110101201110001000011211001031202130010110110211000?0 Spheniscus_humboldti 2110100010000000000011111100????00102303000011010000101110300?210010010?010111010010012000011000010201012121101000001111220{1 2}1202110211110011111101313120201100121111121121212112010100103{0 1}01122111110124111111110101011100001110101201110001000?1121100103120213001011011021100?10 Spheniscus_magellanicus 2110100010000000000011111100????00102200300011010000100111110?21001001020101110100100120000110000102010121211010000011112201120211021111001111110131312?201100121111121121212112010100103{0 1}01122111110124111111110101011100001110101201110001000?11211001031202130010110110211000?0 Spheniscus_megaramphus ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????121101001001200??????0???2?1???????0100000011112?????????????????????????????????????2??????01212?????????????????????1????1????????11??????????????????????????????????3??0???????????????????????????? Spheniscus_mendiculus 211010021000?000000011111100????00101203200011010000001110310?2?001001000101110100100120000110000102010121211010000011112201120211021111001111110131312?201100121111121121212112010100103101122111110124111111110101011100001110101201110001000?11211001031202130010110110211000?0 Spheniscus_muizoni ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2?????????????????????????20?????????????????????????2?11???21111?2012121??12?1???0?03?01?22??????1241??11111?1010????????????0?????????1??????2110?103?20212?????????????????? Spheniscus_urbinai ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????021101001001200??????0?10??1???????0?00?000??1?????203?1?????10???1?11?13?31?02011?0121111120{0 1}21212112010?00?03?011221111??12411?11111010101???0???11?10???1???0?1??0??131100103120212?????????????????? Taranaki_Penguin_COMPOSITE ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????01?00010010020?????????3?201???????0100?001???????????00?????1?01?1?????3131202011?0?2111112002?212112010100103111122??????124???1????????0????0???0???0?00????001?00?1131100102120212?????????????????? Waimanu_manneringi ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10?0????????????????1??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????00?11?1??????????1210??1011100000120000?????????????????? 'Waimanu tuatahi (OU, Zfa, and CM 2009)' ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0012???????2000????????????0???00?????????11??0??????1?0????1001010000002???1101001112011000100100101200?001000000011???00100101000?????????1?00?0??????2????1?11100000120002?????????????????? ; END;