All geographical features in GeoNames are categorized into one out of nine feature classes and further subcategorized into one out of 645 feature codes. CC-BY-4.0 GeoNames Feature Code PyOBO v0.12.13-dev-207b46e9 on 2025-10-31T08:27:32.876086 by https://github.com/biopragmatics/pyobo/blob/main/src/pyobo/sources/geonames/features.py https://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html https://www.geonames.org/img/globe.gif Homo sapiens Injected by PyOBO geopolitical feature Injected by PyOBO aquatic feature Injected by PyOBO parks feature Injected by PyOBO city feature Injected by PyOBO road or rail feature Injected by PyOBO building feature Injected by PyOBO geographic feature Injected by PyOBO undersea feature Injected by PyOBO floral feature feature GeoNames feature a former first-order administrative division historical first-order administrative division a subdivision of a first-order administrative division second-order administrative division a former second-order administrative division historical second-order administrative division a subdivision of a second-order administrative division third-order administrative division a former third-order administrative division historical third-order administrative division a subdivision of a third-order administrative division fourth-order administrative division a former fourth-order administrative division historical fourth-order administrative division a subdivision of a fourth-order administrative division fifth-order administrative division a former fifth-order administrative division historical fifth-order administrative division an administrative division of a country, undifferentiated as to administrative level administrative division a former administrative division of a political entity, undifferentiated as to administrative level historical administrative division school district school district a tract of land leased to another country, usually for military installations leased area political entity dependent political entity freely associated state a former political entity historical political entity independent political entity section of independent political entity semi-independent political entity an ecclesiastical district parish territory zone a zone recognized as a buffer between two nations in which military presence is minimal or absent buffer zone a place on a waterbody where floatplanes land and take off seaplane landing area an area where vessels may anchor anchorage a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf bay coastal indentations between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf bays an open body of water forming a slight recession in a coastline bight(s) an elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for most surface navigation bank(s) a sloping margin of a stream channel which normally confines the stream to its channel on land stream bank section of bank a wetland characterized by peat forming sphagnum moss, sedge, and other acid-water plants bog(s) a dome-shaped mass of glacial ice covering an area of mountain summits or other high lands; smaller than an ice sheet icecap the deepest part of a stream, bay, lagoon, or strait, through which the main current flows channel that part of a lake having water deep enough for navigation between islands, shoals, etc. lake channel(s) that part of a body of water deep enough for navigation through an area otherwise not suitable marine channel a buoyed channel of sufficient depth for the safe navigation of vessels navigation channel a place where two or more streams or intermittent streams flow together confluence an artificial watercourse canal a conduit used to carry water aqueduct a conspicuously curved or bent section of a canal canal bend an artificial waterway carrying water away from a wetland or from drainage ditches drainage canal a canal which serves as a main conduit for irrigation water irrigation canal a watercourse constructed for navigation of vessels navigation canal(s) abandoned canal a gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from aquifers underground irrigation canal(s) section of canal a small coastal indentation, smaller than a bay cove(s) a meandering channel in a coastal wetland subject to bi-directional tidal currents tidal creek(s) a horizontal flow of water in a given direction with uniform velocity current a channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck cutoff a waterway between two piers, or cut into the land for the berthing of ships dock(s) a part of a harbor where ships dock docking basin a comparatively elevated area on an icecap icecap dome a comparatively depressed area on an icecap icecap depression a small artificial watercourse dug for draining or irrigating the land ditch a ditch which serves to drain the land drainage ditch a ditch which serves to distribute irrigation water irrigation ditch an area where a drainage ditch enters a lagoon, lake or bay ditch mouth(s) a funnel-shaped stream mouth or embayment where fresh water mixes with sea water under tidal influences estuary a fishing ground, bank or area where fishermen go to catch fish fishing area a long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arm of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts fjord long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arms of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts fjords a perpendicular or very steep descent of the water of a stream waterfall(s) section of waterfall(s) a relatively level area of mud either between high and low tide lines, or subject to flooding mud flat(s) a large flat area of mud or sand attached to the shore and alternately covered and uncovered by the tide tidal flat(s) a mass of ice, usually at high latitudes or high elevations, with sufficient thickness to flow away from the source area in lobes, tongues, or masses glacier(s) a large recess in the coastline, larger than a bay gulf a type of hot spring with intermittent eruptions of jets of hot water and steam geyser a haven or space of deep water so sheltered by the adjacent land as to afford a safe anchorage for ships harbor(s) section of harbor a narrow waterway extending into the land, or connecting a bay or lagoon with a larger body of water inlet an inlet which has been filled in, or blocked by deposits former inlet a dried up or drained area of a former lake lake bed(s) a shallow coastal waterbody, completely or partly separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island, coral reef or other depositional feature lagoon shallow coastal waterbodies, completely or partly separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island, coral reef or other depositional feature lagoons section of lagoon a large inland body of standing water lake a lake in a crater or caldera crater lake intermittent lake an inland body of salt water with no outlet salt lake intermittent salt lake a crescent-shaped lake commonly found adjacent to meandering streams oxbow lake intermittent oxbow lake large inland bodies of standing water lakes a standing body of water in a cave underground lake lakes in a crater or caldera crater lakes intermittent lakes inland bodies of salt water with no outlet salt lakes intermittent salt lakes section of lake diked salt ponds used in the production of solar evaporated salt salt evaporation ponds a tropical tidal mud flat characterized by mangrove vegetation mangrove swamp an area of open ground overlaid with wet peaty soils moor(s) a wetland dominated by grass-like vegetation marsh(es) a flat area, subject to periodic salt water inundation, dominated by grassy salt-tolerant plants salt marsh a navigable narrow part of a bay, strait, river, etc. narrows one of the major divisions of the vast expanse of salt water covering part of the earth ocean an area of breaking waves caused by the meeting of currents or by waves moving against the current overfalls a small standing waterbody pond intermittent pond a small standing body of salt water often in a marsh or swamp, usually along a seacoast salt pond intermittent salt pond(s) small standing waterbodies ponds ponds or enclosures in which fish are kept or raised fishponds intermittent ponds small standing bodies of salt water often in a marsh or swamp, usually along a seacoast salt ponds a small and comparatively still, deep part of a larger body of water such as a stream or harbor; or a small body of standing water pool(s) intermittent pool a straight section of a navigable stream or channel between two bends reach a linear elevation on an icecap icecap ridge an open anchorage affording less protection than a harbor roadstead a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material reef(s) a surface-navigation hazard composed of coral coral reef(s) section of reef a turbulent section of a stream associated with a steep, irregular stream bed rapids an artificial pond or lake reservoir(s) intermittent reservoir a contained pool or tank of water at, below, or above ground level water tank a small, narrow, deep, steep-sided stream channel, smaller than a gorge ravine(s) a salt flat or salt encrusted plain subject to periodic inundation from flooding or high tides sabkha(s) a long arm of the sea forming a channel between the mainland and an island or islands; or connecting two larger bodies of water sound a large body of salt water more or less confined by continuous land or chains of islands forming a subdivision of an ocean sea a surface-navigation hazard composed of unconsolidated material shoal(s) the low part of an underwater gap or saddle separating basins, including a similar feature at the mouth of a fjord sill a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground spring(s) a place where sulphur ground water flows naturally out of the ground sulphur spring(s) a place where hot ground water flows naturally out of the ground hot spring(s) a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land stream a diverging branch flowing out of a main stream and rejoining it downstream anabranch a conspicuously curved or bent segment of a stream stream bend a stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened canalized stream a branch which flows away from the main stream, as in a delta or irrigation canal distributary(-ies) the source and upper part of a stream, including the upper drainage basin headwaters intermittent stream section of intermittent stream a place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea stream mouth(s) a former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns abandoned watercourse bodies of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land streams a surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area lost river section of stream a relatively narrow waterway, usually narrower and less extensive than a sound, connecting two larger bodies of water strait a wetland dominated by tree vegetation swamp a network of ditches and one or more of the following elements: water supply, reservoir, canal, pump, well, drain, etc. irrigation system a tunnel through which a canal passes canal tunnel a valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse; found primarily in North Africa and the Middle East wadi a conspicuously curved or bent segment of a wadi wadi bend a place where two or more wadies join wadi junction the lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or waterbody wadi mouth valleys or ravines, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season become watercourses; found primarily in North Africa and the Middle East wadies section of wadi a turbulent, rotating movement of water in a stream whirlpool a cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface well abandoned well cylindrical holes, pits, or tunnels drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface wells an area subject to inundation, usually characterized by bog, marsh, or swamp vegetation wetland intermittent wetland a natural, well-defined channel produced by flowing water, or an artificial channel designed to carry flowing water watercourse a natural hole, hollow, or small depression that contains water, used by man and animals, especially in arid areas waterhole(s) a tract of land set aside for agricultural settlement agricultural colony Amusement Park are theme parks, adventure parks offering entertainment, similar to funfairs but with a fix location amusement park a tract of land without homogeneous character or boundaries area an area drained by a stream drainage basin an area underlain by an oil-rich structural basin petroleum basin a site of a land battle of historical importance battlefield an area in a forest with trees removed clearing a park or pasture for community use common a lease of land by a government for economic development, e.g., mining, forestry concession area a region in which coal deposits of possible economic value occur coalfield continent: Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica continent a zone of variable width straddling the shoreline coast a place where a number of businesses are located business center a tract of land on which many houses of similar design are built according to a development plan housing development an open as opposed to wooded area field(s) a tract of level or terraced land which is irrigated irrigated field(s) an area containing a subterranean store of natural gas of economic value gasfield an area of grasses and shrubs used for grazing grazing area an area covered with gravel gravel area an area characterized by industrial activity industrial area a tract of land in the Arctic arctic land a minor area or place of unspecified or mixed character and indefinite boundaries locality a place used by an army or other armed service for storing arms and supplies, and for accommodating and training troops, a base from which operations can be initiated military base an area of mine sites where minerals and ores are extracted mining area a tract of land where military field exercises are carried out maneuver area an area used to store supplies, provide barracks for troops and naval personnel, a port for naval vessels, and from which operations are initiated naval base an area in a desert made productive by the availability of water oasis(-es) an area containing a subterranean store of petroleum of economic value oilfield an area where peat is harvested peat cutting area an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation park a place provided with terminal and transfer facilities for loading and discharging waterborne cargo or passengers, usually located in a harbor port an area where loose sand with water moving through it may become unstable when heavy objects are placed at the surface, causing them to sink quicksand a tract of public land reserved for future use or restricted as to use reserve a tract of land reserved for agricultural reclamation and/or development agricultural reserve a forested area set aside for preservation or controlled use forest reserve a tract of land used primarily for hunting hunting reserve an area reserved for the maintenance of a natural habitat nature reserve an area of palm trees where use is controlled palm tree reserve a tract of land set aside for aboriginal, tribal, or native populations reservation a tract of public land reserved for the preservation of wildlife wildlife reserve an area distinguished by one or more observable physical or cultural characteristics region a region of a country established for economic development or for statistical purposes economic region a former historic area distinguished by one or more observable physical or cultural characteristics historical region a tract of land distinguished by numerous lakes lake region a tract of land used for artillery firing practice artillery range a shallow basin or flat where salt accumulates after periodic inundation salt area an area of permanent snow and ice forming the accumulation area of a glacier snowfield a tract of land used by nomadic or other tribes tribal area a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work populated place seat of a first-order administrative division (PPLC takes precedence over PPLA) seat of a first-order administrative division seat of a second-order administrative division seat of a third-order administrative division seat of a fourth-order administrative division seat of a fifth-order administrative division capital of a political entity designated as an independent state capital of a political entity capital or administrative center of a dependent political territory or area of special sovereignty capital of a dependency or special area a former capital of a political entity historical capital of a political entity a populated place where the population is largely engaged in agricultural activities farm village seat of government of a political entity a populated place that no longer exists historical populated place an area similar to a locality but with a small group of dwellings or other buildings populated locality abandoned populated place a populated place whose population is largely engaged in religious occupations religious populated place cities, towns, villages, or other agglomerations of buildings where people live and work populated places a village, town or city destroyed by a natural disaster, or by war destroyed populated place section of populated place israeli settlement a raised roadway across wet ground or shallow water causeway a pipeline used for transporting oil oil pipeline a place for public walking, usually along a beach front promenade a place where boats, goods, etc., are carried overland between navigable waters portage an open way with improved surface for transportation of animals, people and vehicles road the remains of a road used by ancient cultures ancient road a conspicuously curved or bent section of a road road bend an excavation cut through a hill or ridge for a road road cut a place where two or more roads join road junction a place where two or more railroad tracks join railroad junction a permanent twin steel-rail track on which freight and passenger cars move long distances railroad abandoned railroad the route taken by caravans caravan route a system of tracks used for the making up of trains, and switching and storing freight cars railroad yard a paved urban thoroughfare street a route taken by livestock herds stock route a subterranean passageway for transportation tunnel a cave that is open at both ends natural tunnel a tunnel through which a road passes road tunnel a tunnel through which a railroad passes railroad tunnel subterranean passageways for transportation tunnels a path, track, or route used by pedestrians, animals, or off-road vehicles trail a government building administrative facility a building and/or tract of land used for improving agriculture agricultural facility an area used to store supplies, provide barracks for air force personnel, hangars and runways for aircraft, and from which operations are initiated airbase a place on land where aircraft land and take off; no facilities provided for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo airfield a place where helicopters land and take off heliport a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo airport abandoned airfield airport facilities for the handling of freight and passengers terminal an oval or circular structure with rising tiers of seats about a stage or open space amphitheater a place where archeological remains, old structures, or cultural artifacts are located archaeological/prehistoric site facility or area for the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, especially fish, shellfish, and seaweed, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater environments; underwater agriculture aquaculture facility a natural or man-made structure in the form of an arch arch a place or institution where documents are preserved archive a piece of art, like a sculpture, painting. In contrast to monument (MNMT) it is not commemorative. piece of art a point on the earth whose position has been determined by observations of celestial bodies astronomical station a facility where the insane are cared for and protected asylum a tract of land used for playing team sports, and athletic track and field events athletic field An unattended electronic machine in a public place, connected to a data system and related equipment and activated by a bank customer to obtain cash withdrawals and other banking services. automatic teller machine A business establishment in which money is kept for saving or commercial purposes or is invested, supplied for loans, or exchanged. bank a fixed artificial navigation mark beacon a structure erected across an obstacle such as a stream, road, etc., in order to carry roads, railroads, and pedestrians across bridge a destroyed or decayed bridge which is no longer functional ruined bridge a building containing several individual apartments apartment building a structure built for permanent use, as a house, factory, etc. building(s) commercial building where business and/or services are conducted office building a fixture marking a point along a boundary boundary marker a building for lodging military personnel barracks a structure erected to break the force of waves at the entrance to a harbor or port breakwater a facility for baling agricultural products baling station a waterside facility for servicing, repairing, and building small vessels boatyard a cave used for human burials burial cave(s) a facility comprising ticket office, platforms, etc. for loading and unloading passengers bus station a place lacking station facilities bus stop a heap of stones erected as a landmark or for other purposes cairn an underground passageway or chamber, or cavity on the side of a cliff cave(s) a building for public Christian worship church a site occupied by tents, huts, or other shelters for temporary use camp(s) a camp used by loggers logging camp a camp used by migrant or temporary laborers labor camp a camp used by miners mining camp a camp used by oilfield workers oil camp abandoned camp a camp used by refugees refugee camp a burial place or ground cemetery a facility, including buildings, antennae, towers and electronic equipment for receiving and transmitting information communication center a pen or enclosure for confining or capturing animals corral(s) a building used for entertainment, especially gambling casino a large fortified building or set of buildings castle a building in a port where customs and duties are paid, and where vessels are entered and cleared customs house a building in which courts of law are held courthouse a facility where atomic research is carried out atomic center a facility for community recreation and other activities community center a place where more than one facility is situated facility center a complex of health care buildings including two or more of the following: hospital, medical school, clinic, pharmacy, doctor's offices, etc. medical center a facility where more than one religious activity is carried out, e.g., retreat, school, monastery, worship religious center a facility for launching, tracking, or controlling satellites and space vehicles space center an area surrounded by a building or complex and open to the sky courtyard a building where a community of nuns lives in seclusion convent a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water dam a destroyed or decayed dam which is no longer functional ruined dam a dam put down to bedrock in a sand river sub-surface dam a facility for the processing, sale and distribution of milk or milk products dairy a dock providing support for a vessel, and means for removing the water so that the bottom of the vessel can be exposed dry dock a facility for servicing, building, or repairing ships dockyard an earth or stone embankment usually constructed for flood or stream control dike office, residence, or facility of a foreign government, which may include an embassy, consulate, chancery, office of charge d'affaires, or other diplomatic, economic, military, or cultural mission diplomatic facility an area where fuel is stored fuel depot a large commercialized agricultural landholding with associated buildings and other facilities estate(s) an estate specializing in the cultivation of oil palm trees oil palm plantation an estate which specializes in growing and tapping rubber trees rubber plantation an estate that specializes in growing sugar cane sugar plantation an estate which specializes in growing tea bushes tea plantation section of estate a building or buildings housing a center, institute, foundation, hospital, prison, mission, courthouse, etc. facility building housing firefighters and/or fire fighting equipment fire station a building or works where metal casting is carried out foundry a tract of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture farm abandoned farm tracts of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture farms the buildings and adjacent service areas of a farm farmstead a defensive structure or earthworks fort a boat or other floating conveyance and terminal facilities regularly used to transport people and vehicles across a waterbody ferry a place where ferries pick-up and discharge passengers, vehicles and or cargo ferry terminal a controlled access entrance or exit gate an enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life garden(s) a set of steps leading to a river, which are of religious significance, and at their base is usually a platform for bathing ghat a house used to provide lodging for paying guests guest house a facility for separating gas from oil gas-oil separator plant a facility housing local governmental offices, usually a city, town, or village hall local government office a burial site grave a secluded residence, usually for religious sects hermitage a place where caravans stop for rest halting place a residence, owner's or manager's, on a sheep or cattle station, woolshed, outcamp, or Aboriginal outstation, specific to Australia and New Zealand homestead a building used as a human habitation house(s) a large house, mansion, or chateau, on a large estate country house a building in which sick or injured, especially those confined to bed, are medically treated hospital a medical facility associated with a hospital for outpatients clinic a building where medical or dental aid is dispensed dispensary an asylum or hospital for lepers leprosarium a place of historical importance historical site a building providing lodging and/or meals for the public hotel a small primitive house hut small primitive houses huts a facility for use of and control by armed forces military installation a facility where research is carried out research institute a structure built out into the water at a river mouth or harbor entrance to regulate currents and silting jetty a place where boats receive or discharge passengers and freight, but lacking most port facilities landing a settled area inhabited by lepers in relative isolation leper colony A place in which information resources such as books are kept for reading, reference, or lending. library a place for trash and garbage disposal in which the waste is buried between layers of earth to build up low-lying land landfill a basin in a waterway with gates at each end by means of which vessels are passed from one water level to another lock(s) a distinctive structure exhibiting a major navigation light lighthouse A large, often enclosed shopping complex containing various stores, businesses, and restaurants usually accessible by common passageways. mall a harbor facility for small boats, yachts, etc. marina one or more buildings where goods are manufactured, processed or fabricated factory one or more buildings where beer is brewed brewery a building where food items are canned cannery a facility for processing copper ore copper works a furnace in which limestone is reduced to lime limekiln a factory where ammunition is made munitions plant a facility for producing fertilizer phosphate works abandoned factory a facility for converting raw sugar into refined sugar sugar refinery a place where goods are bought and sold at regular intervals market a building housing machines for transforming, shaping, finishing, grinding, or extracting products mill(s) a facility for improving the metal content of ore by concentration ore treatment plant a mill where oil is extracted from olives olive oil mill a facility where sugar cane is processed into raw sugar sugar mill a sugar mill no longer used as a sugar mill former sugar mill a mill where logs or lumber are sawn to specified shapes and sizes sawmill a mill or water pump powered by wind windmill a mill powered by running water water mill a site where mineral ores are extracted from the ground by excavating surface pits and subterranean passages mine(s) a mine where gold ore, or alluvial gold is extracted gold mine(s) a mine where coal is extracted coal mine(s) a mine where chrome ore is extracted chrome mine(s) a mine where copper ore is extracted copper mine(s) a mine where iron ore is extracted iron mine(s) a commemorative structure or statue monument a mine from which salt is extracted salt mine(s) abandoned mine a surface mine where building stone or gravel and sand, etc. are extracted quarry(-ies) a massive structure of masonry or large stones serving as a pier or breakwater mole a building for public Islamic worship mosque a place characterized by dwellings, school, church, hospital and other facilities operated by a religious group for the purpose of providing charitable services and to propagate religion mission abandoned mission a building and grounds where a community of monks lives in seclusion monastery metro station (Underground, Tube, or Metro) metro station a building where objects of permanent interest in one or more of the arts and sciences are preserved and exhibited museum a religious house or school where novices are trained novitiate a place where plants are propagated for transplanting or grafting nursery(-ies) a wildlife or scenic observation point observation point a facility equipped for observation of atmospheric or space phenomena observatory a facility equipped with an array of antennae for receiving radio waves from space radio observatory a section of an oil pipeline where two or more pipes join together oil pipeline junction abandoned oil well a facility for converting crude oil into refined petroleum products oil refinery a tract of land occupied by large, cylindrical, metal tanks in which oil or liquid petrochemicals are stored tank farm a well from which oil may be pumped oil well A theater designed chiefly for the performance of operas. opera house a large stately house, often a royal or presidential residence palace a tower-like storied structure, usually a Buddhist shrine pagoda a structure built out into navigable water on piles providing berthing for ships and recreation pier an area used for parking vehicles parking lot a facility for pumping oil through a pipeline oil pumping station a facility for pumping water from a major well or through a pipeline water pumping station a public building in which mail is received, sorted and distributed post office a building in which police are stationed police post abandoned police post a controlled access to a park park gate a park administrative facility park headquarters a facility for confining prisoners prison a facility for confining, training, and reforming young law offenders reformatory abandoned prison a facility for generating electric power power station a building where electricity is generated from water power hydroelectric power station nuclear power station nuclear power station a post or station at an international boundary for the regulation of movement of people and goods border post a building at an international boundary where customs and duties are paid on goods customs post a post from which patrols are sent out patrol post an ancient massive structure of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs pyramid ancient massive structures of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs pyramids a structure of solid construction along a shore or bank which provides berthing for ships and which generally provides cargo handling facilities quay a road junction formed around a central circle about which traffic moves in one direction only traffic circle a junction of two or more highways by a system of separate levels that permit traffic to pass from one to another without the crossing of traffic streams intersection a recreation field where golf is played golf course a track where races are held racetrack A place where meals are served to the public restaurant a building where goods and/or services are offered for sale store a structure maintained for the rest and shelter of travelers resthouse a breeding place of a colony of birds or seals rookery an ancient site of significant religious importance religious site a place of temporary seclusion, especially for religious groups retreat a large farm specializing in extensive grazing of livestock ranch(es) a short track parallel to and joining the main track railroad siding a signal at the entrance of a particular section of track governing the movement of trains railroad signal a specialized facility for vacation, health, or participation sports activities resort a facility comprising ticket office, platforms, etc. for loading and unloading train passengers and freight railroad station abandoned railroad station a place lacking station facilities where trains stop to pick up and unload passengers and freight railroad stop abandoned railroad stop a destroyed or decayed structure which is no longer functional ruin(s) building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place school a school with a curriculum focused on agriculture agricultural school the grounds and buildings of an institution of higher learning college Language Schools & Institutions language school a school at which military science forms the core of the curriculum military school a school at which maritime sciences form the core of the curriculum maritime school post-secondary school with a specifically technical or vocational curriculum technical school state exam preparation centres State Exam Prep Centre a fence or wall enclosure for sheep and other small herd animals sheepfold a structure or place memorializing a person or religious concept shrine a building for storing goods, especially provisions storehouse a conduit or passage for carrying off surplus water from a waterbody, usually regulated by means of a sluice gate sluice a facility where victims of physical or mental disorders are treated sanatorium a resort area usually developed around a medicinal spring spa a passage or outlet through which surplus water flows over, around or through a dam spillway a broad, open, public area near the center of a town or city square a building for the shelter and feeding of farm animals, especially horses stable a structure with an enclosure for athletic games with tiers of seats for spectators stadium a scientific facility used as a base from which research is carried out or monitored scientific research base a facility from which the coast is guarded by armed vessels coast guard station a facility for carrying out experiments experiment station a collection of buildings and facilities for carrying out forest management forest station a station at which vehicles, goods, and people are inspected inspection station a station at which weather elements are recorded meteorological station a facility for producing and transmitting information by radio waves radio station a facility for tracking and communicating with orbiting satellites satellite station a facility for butchering whales and processing train oil whaling station stones or slabs placed for ease in ascending or descending a steep slope steps facility for the processing of sewage and/or wastewater sewage treatment plant a place for Jewish worship and religious instruction synagogue a building or outdoor area used for live theatrical presentations, concerts, opera or dance productions, cinema, and/or other stage productions theater a structure for interring bodies tomb(s) an edifice dedicated to religious worship temple(s) a small artificial pond used for immersing cattle in chemically treated water for disease control cattle dipping tank highway toll collection station toll gate/barrier a high conspicuous structure, typically much higher than its diameter tower rail vehicle along urban streets (also known as streetcar or trolley) tram facilities for the handling of vehicular freight and passengers transit terminal a point on the earth whose position has been determined by triangulation triangulation station a tank farm or loading facility at the end of an oil pipeline oil pipeline terminal Temporary Work Offices temp work office University Preparation Schools & Institutions university prep school An institution for higher learning with teaching and research facilities constituting a graduate school and professional schools that award master's degrees and doctorates and an undergraduate division that awards bachelor's degrees. university a facility operated by the United States Government in Panama united states government establishment a building or camp at which veterinary services are available veterinary facility a thick masonry structure, usually enclosing a field or building, or forming the side of a structure wall the remains of a linear defensive stone structure ancient wall a small dam in a stream, designed to raise the water level or to divert stream flow through a desired channel weir(s) a structure of open rather than solid construction along a shore or a bank which provides berthing for ships and cargo-handling facilities wharf(-ves) the site of the remains of a wrecked vessel wreck a facility for supplying potable water through a water source and a system of pumps and filtration beds waterworks an area, usually a section of a port, where goods may be received and shipped free of customs duty and of most customs regulations free trade zone a zoological garden or park where wild animals are kept for exhibition zoo a small basin containing naturally occurring asphalt asphalt lake a ring-shaped coral reef which has closely spaced islands on it encircling a lagoon atoll(s) a shallow ridge or mound of coarse unconsolidated material in a stream channel, at the mouth of a stream, estuary, or lagoon and in the wave-break zone along coasts bar a shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves beach a shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves beaches an area characterized by a maze of very closely spaced, deep, narrow, steep-sided ravines, and sharp crests and pinnacles badlands a high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks boulder field a hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air blowhole(s) a small depression in sandy terrain, caused by wind erosion blowout(s) a long, narrow bedrock platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody bench a small, isolated, usually flat-topped hill with steep sides butte(s) a land area, more prominent than a point, projecting into the sea and marking a notable change in coastal direction cape a deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a coastal cliff cleft(s) a depression measuring kilometers across formed by the collapse of a volcanic mountain caldera a high, steep to perpendicular slope overlooking a waterbody or lower area cliff(s) a deep, narrow valley with steep sides cutting into a plateau or mountainous area canyon a conical landform composed of mud or volcanic material cone(s) a strip or area of land having significance as an access way corridor a bowl-like hollow partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley cirque bowl-like hollows partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley cirques a generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action crater(s) an asymmetric ridge formed on tilted strata cuesta(s) a flat plain formed by alluvial deposits at the mouth of a stream delta a low area surrounded by higher land and usually characterized by interior drainage depression(s) a large area with little or no vegetation due to extreme environmental conditions desert a wave form, ridge or star shape feature composed of sand dune(s) a line separating adjacent drainage basins divide an extensive tract of shifting sand and sand dunes sandy desert a fan-shaped wedge of coarse alluvium with apex merging with a mountain stream bed and the fan spreading out at a low angle slope onto an adjacent plain fan(s) a shallow part of a stream which can be crossed on foot or by land vehicle ford a crack associated with volcanism fissure a low place in a ridge, not used for transportation gap a short, narrow, steep-sided section of a stream valley gorge(s) a high projection of land extending into a large body of water beyond the line of the coast headland a rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m hill rounded elevations of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m hills a patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups hammock(s) a relatively sand-free, high bedrock plateau in a hot desert, with or without a gravel veneer rock desert a relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys interfluve a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water island small island, bigger than rock, smaller than island. islet an island created by landfill or diking and filling in a wetland, bay, or lagoon artificial island a mangrove swamp surrounded by a waterbody mangrove island tracts of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water islands a coastal island connected to the mainland by barrier beaches, levees or dikes land-tied island section of island a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses and bordered by water isthmus a distinctive landscape developed on soluble rock such as limestone characterized by sinkholes, caves, disappearing streams, and underground drainage karst area an area of solidified lava lava area a natural low embankment bordering a distributary or meandering stream; often built up artificially to control floods levee a flat-topped, isolated elevation with steep slopes on all sides, less extensive than a plateau mesa(s) a low, isolated, rounded hill mound(s) a mound, ridge, or other accumulation of glacial till moraine an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more mountain a mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges mountains a narrow strip of land between the two limbs of a meander loop at its narrowest point meander neck a rock or mountain peak protruding through glacial ice nunatak rocks or mountain peaks protruding through glacial ice nunataks a near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool pan a near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool pans a break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other [See also gap] pass an elongate area of land projecting into a body of water and nearly surrounded by water peninsula section of peninsula a pointed elevation atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic feature peak pointed elevations atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic features peaks an elevated plain with steep slopes on one or more sides, and often with incised streams plateau section of plateau an area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining polder an extensive area of comparatively level to gently undulating land, lacking surface irregularities, and usually adjacent to a higher area plain(s) section of plain a bluff or prominent hill overlooking or projecting into a lowland promontory(-ies) a tapering piece of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape point tapering pieces of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape points a ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series beach ridge a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest ridge(s) a desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel and stones stony desert a conspicuous, isolated rocky mass rock an irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope rockfall conspicuous, isolated rocky masses rocks a tract of land covered with sand sand area a channel formerly containing the water of a stream dry stream bed a long line of cliffs or steep slopes separating level surfaces above and below escarpment a broad, open pass crossing a ridge or between hills or mountains saddle a narrow zone bordering a waterbody which covers and uncovers at high and low water, respectively shore a small crater-shape depression in a karst area sinkhole a mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area slide a surface with a relatively uniform slope angle slope(s) a narrow, straight or curved continuation of a beach into a waterbody spit a subordinate ridge projecting outward from a hill, mountain or other elevation spur(s) a steep concave slope formed by an accumulation of loose rock fragments at the base of a cliff or steep slope talus slope a long wind-swept trough between parallel longitudinal dunes interdune trough(s) a long, narrow alluvial platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody terrace an extensive interior region of high land with low to moderate surface relief upland an elongated depression usually traversed by a stream valley a valley the floor of which is notably higher than the valley or shore to which it leads; most common in areas that have been glaciated hanging valley elongated depressions usually traversed by a stream valleys section of valley a conical elevation composed of volcanic materials with a crater at the top volcano a gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts apron a low bulge around the southeastern end of the island of Hawaii arch an area of subdued corrugations off Baja California arrugado a region adjacent to a continent, normally occupied by or bordering a shelf, that is highly irregular with depths well in excess of those typical of a shelf borderland elevations, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation banks an elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation bank a depression more or less equidimensional in plan and of variable extent basin an entire mountain system including the subordinate ranges, interior plateaus, and basins cordillera relatively narrow, deep depressions with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope canyons a relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope canyon a gentle slope rising from oceanic depths towards the foot of a continental slope continental rise a localized deep area within the confines of a larger feature, such as a trough, basin or trench deep a line along which there is a marked increase of slope at the outer margin of a continental shelf or island shelf shelf edge an elongated and comparatively steep slope separating flat or gently sloping areas escarpment (or scarp) a relatively smooth feature normally sloping away from the lower termination of a canyon or canyon system fan a small level or nearly level area flat an extensive linear zone of irregular topography of the sea floor, characterized by steep-sided or asymmetrical ridges, troughs, or escarpments fracture zone a closed, linear, narrow, shallow depression furrow a narrow break in a ridge or rise gap a small valley-like feature gully an elevation rising generally less than 500 meters hill elevations rising generally less than 500 meters hills a small depression of the sea floor hole an elevation rising generally more than 500 meters and less than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit knoll elevations rising generally more than 500 meters and less than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summits knolls a rocky projection or outcrop, commonly linear and near shore ledge an embankment bordering a canyon, valley, or seachannel levee an isolated, extensive, flat-topped elevation on the shelf, with relatively steep sides mesa a low, isolated, rounded hill mound an annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations moat a well-delineated subdivision of a large and complex positive feature mountain prominent elevations, part of a larger feature, either pointed or of very limited extent across the summit peaks a prominent elevation, part of a larger feature, either pointed or of very limited extent across the summit peak a flat, gently sloping or nearly level region plain a comparatively flat-topped feature of considerable extent, dropping off abruptly on one or more sides plateau a high tower or spire-shaped pillar of rock or coral, alone or cresting a summit pinnacle a region identifiable by a group of similar physiographic features whose characteristics are markedly in contrast with surrounding areas province a long narrow elevation with steep sides ridge long narrow elevations with steep sides ridges surface-navigation hazards composed of consolidated material reefs a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material reef a broad elevation that rises gently, and generally smoothly, from the sea floor rise a continuously sloping, elongated depression commonly found in fans or plains and customarily bordered by levees on one or two sides seachannel continuously sloping, elongated depressions commonly found in fans or plains and customarily bordered by levees on one or two sides seachannels a low part, resembling in shape a saddle, in a ridge or between contiguous seamounts saddle a zone adjacent to a continent (or around an island) that extends from the low water line to a depth at which there is usually a marked increase of slope towards oceanic depths shelf a surface-navigation hazard composed of unconsolidated material shoal hazards to surface navigation composed of unconsolidated material shoals a valley on the shelf, generally the shoreward extension of a canyon shelf valley the low part of a gap or saddle separating basins sill the slope seaward from the shelf edge to the beginning of a continental rise or the point where there is a general reduction in slope slope elevations rising generally more than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit seamounts an elevation rising generally more than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit seamount a subordinate elevation, ridge, or rise projecting outward from a larger feature spur a relatively flat horizontal or gently inclined surface, sometimes long and narrow, which is bounded by a steeper ascending slope on one side and by a steep descending slope on the opposite side terrace seamounts having a comparatively smooth, flat top tablemounts (or guyots) a seamount having a comparatively smooth, flat top tablemount (or guyot) an elongate (tongue-like) extension of a flat sea floor into an adjacent higher feature tongue a long depression of the sea floor characteristically flat bottomed and steep sided, and normally shallower than a trench trough a long, narrow, characteristically very deep and asymmetrical depression of the sea floor, with relatively steep sides trench a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient valley a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient valleys a small clump of conspicuous bushes in an otherwise bare area bush(es) an area under cultivation cultivated area an area dominated by tree vegetation forest(s) a forest fossilized by geologic processes and now exposed at the earth's surface fossilized forest a small wooded area or collection of trees growing closely together, occurring naturally or deliberately planted grove an area dominated by grass vegetation grassland a planting of coconut trees coconut grove a planting of olive trees olive grove a planting of palm trees palm grove a planting of pine trees pine grove an upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather heath a small, poorly drained area dominated by grassy vegetation meadow a planting of fruit or nut trees orchard(s) an area of low trees, bushes, and shrubs stunted by some environmental limitation scrubland a conspicuous tree used as a landmark tree(s) a marshy, treeless, high latitude plain, dominated by mosses, lichens, and low shrub vegetation under permafrost conditions tundra a planting of grapevines vineyard plantings of grapevines vineyards Charles Tapley Hoyt