SIGNOR, the SIGnaling Network Open Resource, organizes and stores in a structured format signaling information published in the scientific literature.
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Signaling Network Open Resource
PyOBO v0.12.13-dev-207b46e9 on 2025-10-30T20:46:59.421326 by https://github.com/biopragmatics/pyobo/blob/main/src/pyobo/sources/signor/signor_complexes.py
2025-10-01
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The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle
Skeletal_muscle_differentiation
A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M)
Cell_cycle_block
The maintenance of the overall satellite cell pool during muscle regeneration
Satellite_cells_self-renewal
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. (GO:0030224)
Monocyte_differentiation
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.(GO:0030851)
Granulocyte_differentiation
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte.(GO:0030219)
Megakaryocyte_differentiation
The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.(GO:0030218)
Erythrocyte_differentiation
A caspase-1-dependent cell death subroutine that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18 (GO:0070269).
Pyroptosis
The process of tubulin assembly to form microtubules
Microtubule_polimerization
When a cancer spreads to a different body part from where it started
Metastasis
Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions
Cell_death
The synthesis of T3 and T4 within thyroglobulin involves oxidative coupling between iodinated tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin.
Thyroid_hormonogenesis
Lymphopoiesis is the generation of lymphocytes, one of the five types of white blood cell
Lymphopoiesis
T-lymphocyte differentiation is the process in which a common lymphocyte progenitor become specialized cytotoxic T cells.
T-lymphocyte_diff
B-lymphocyte differentiation is a process in which a common lymphocyte progenitor becomes an antibody producing B cell.
B-Lymphocyte_diff
The process in which a granulocyte precursor develops into a basophil, a type of white blood cell responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response, as well as in the formation of acute and chronic allergic diseases
Basophil_diff
The process in which a bipotent progenitor differentiates into a type of granulocyte that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems.
Mast-Cell_diff
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) refers to the chaperone-dependent selection of soluble cytosolic proteins that are then targeted to lysosomes and directly translocated across the lysosome membrane for degradation
Chaperone-mediated autophagy
Glutaminolysis (glutamine + -lysis) is a series of biochemical reactions by which the amino acid glutamine is lysed to glutamate, aspartate, CO2, pyruvate, lactate, alanine and citrate. (Wikipedia)
Glutaminolysis
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents
Inflammation
The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone (GO:0061077).
Chaperone-mediated protein folding
GO:0019065; any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.
Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis
Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm. GO:0019064
Membrane_fusion
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. (GO:0006897)
Endocytosis
Stress granules (SGs) are large macromolecular aggregates that contain translation initiation complexes and mRNAs. Stress granule formation coincides with translational repression, and stress granules actively signal to mediate cell fate decisions by signaling to the translation apparatus to (i) maintain translational repression, (ii) mount various transcriptional responses, including innate immunity, and (iii) repress apoptosis.PMID:27920254
Stress_granules
A viral process by which enveloped viruses acquire a host-derived membrane enriched in viral proteins to form their external envelope. The process starts when nucleocapsids, assembled or in the process of being built, induce formation of a membrane curvature in the host plasma or organelle membrane and wrap up in the forming bud. The process ends when the bud is eventually pinched off by membrane scission to release the enveloped particle into the lumenal or extracellular space. GO:0046755
Viral_budding
A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. GO:0042116
Macrophage_activation
GO:0006406 The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
mRNA-nucleus_export
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a de-vastating event, with an estimated mortality of approximately 40 %,defined as the presence of bilateral lung infiltrates and severe hypox-emia. ARDS can occur in a variety of clinical situations, includingpneumonia, sepsis, pancreatitis, blood transfusion. ARDS pathogenesisinvolves inflammatory injury to the alveolo–capillary membrane, whichresults in increased lung permeability and the exudation of protein-richpulmonary edema fluid into the airspaces, leading in the end to re-spiratory insufficiency PMID:32446778
ARDS
The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen. GO:0019395.
Fatty_acid_oxidation
The process in which a cell actively inhibits apoptosis
Survival
Nuclear pore complexes are large aqueous channels that penetrate the nuclear envelope, connecting the nuclear interior with the cytoplasm. pmid:18786826
Nuclear_pore_function
A conserved process responding to stresses including extreme temperature, toxins and mechanical damage
UPR
A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA. GO:0044355.
Clearance_of_foreign intracellular_DNA
Synaptic transmission that results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential. GO:0098976
Excitatory_synaptic_transmission
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).GO:0031175
Neurite_outgrowth
Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes (GO:0036344).
Platelet_morphogenesis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.
Platelet_alpha_granule_formation
Attachment of platelets to subendothelium or to other cells.
Platelet_Adhesion
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet (GO:0002576).
Platelet_degranulation
Progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons
Neurodegeneration
Blood cell tumor that develops from lymphatic cells
Lymphoma
(From Wilipedis). Vascular permeability, often in the form of capillary permeability or microvascular permeability, characterizes the capacity of a blood vessel wall to allow for the flow of small molecules (drugs, nutrients, water, ions) or even whole cells (lymphocytes on their way to the site of inflammation) in and out of the vessel
Vascular_Permeability
A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. GO:0022904
Respiratory electron transport chain
Biological phenomenon in which intrinsically disordered proteins or mis-folded proteins aggregate (i.e., accumulate and clump together) either intra- or extracellularly.
Protein_aggregates
The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments. GO:0000266
Mitochondrial_fission
A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. GO:0006486
Protein_glycosylation
The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template. GO:0009303
rRNA_transcription
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GO:0044818
G2/M_transition-checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GO:0044819
G1/S_transition_checkpoint
Any process that regulates the localization, the synthesis or the stability of a telomere.
Telomere_maintenance
Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions (GO:0001906).
Cell_killing
The process in which B cells produce antibodies with increased antigen affinity.
B_cell_maturation
The process in which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody (GO:0008228).
Opsonization
The disruption of a cell membrane, leading to cell damage.
Membrane_disruption
Food intake
A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by physical damage to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to the formation of a formation of a fibrin clot at the site of the injury (GO:0072378).
Fibrin_clot_formation
GO:0034508 The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.
Centromere_assembly
Demyelination: A degenerative process that erodes away the myelin sheath that normally protects nerve fibers. Demyelination exposes these fibers and appears to cause problems in nerve impulse conduction that may affect many physical systems.
Demyelination
GO:0001675 The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.
Acrosome_assembly
GO:0006887 A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.
Exocytosis
A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers GO:0048167
Synaptic_plasticity
GO:0072384 The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
Organelle_transport
The appearance of interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels
Interferon_Production
GO:0016079 Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis
GO:0036465 The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane.
Synaptic_vesicle_recycling
The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a single or double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.GO:0007131
Meiotic_recombination
The postsynaptic density (PSD), a macromolecular signaling assembly embedded in the postsynaptic membrane (PSM) of neurons, contains receptors, scaffold molecules, and cytoskeletal elements and is the primary postsynaptic site for signal transduction and signal processing. PMID:18326622
Postsynaptic density assembly
A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosome biogenesis
The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. (GO:0045214)
Sarcomere_organization
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.(GO:0001816)
Cytokine_production
Generation of cells within the nervous system. GO:0022008
Neurogenesis
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. GO:0042551
Neuron_maturation
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat
Immune_response
A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules (GO:0007018).
Microtubule-based_movement
The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (GO:0003341).
Cilium_movement
The directed movement of substances into mediated by vesicles.(GO:0048193).
Vesicle_transport
From Wikipedia: Necroptosis is a programmed form of necrosis, or inflammatory cell death.[1] Conventionally, necrosis is associated with unprogrammed cell death resulting from cellular damage or infiltration by pathogens, in contrast to orderly, programmed cell death via apoptosis. The discovery of necroptosis showed that cells can execute necrosis in a programmed fashion and that apoptosis is not always the preferred form of cell death. Furthermore, the immunogenic nature of necroptosis favors its participation in certain circumstances, such as aiding in defence against pathogens by the immune system.
Necroptosis
The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway is a posttranscriptional mechanism that rapidly degrades mRNAs that undergo premature translation termination.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
The process in which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally (GO:0031204).
Protein_translocation
The process in which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.(GO:0051299).
Centrosome_separation
The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of nascent RNA polymerase transcripts (GO:0036260).
mRNA_capping
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides (GO:0009165).
Nucleotide_synthesis
Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament
F-actin_assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. (GO:1903232)
Melanosome_assembly
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
Platelet_dense_granule_formation
Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell (GO:0008360).
Cell_shape
The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission GO:0060997
Dendritic_spine_morphogenesis
Large dense-core vesicle (LDCV)contain neuropeptides and hormones which primarily activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
Dense-core_vesicle_exocytosis
The thyroid gland is unique among endocrine glands in storing its principle hormonal product—the two very small thyroid hormones (TH)—as components of a 1000-fold larger precursor—thyroglobulin (Tg)—that is secreted and stored in the colloid, outside of the thyroid cell. Moreover, the thyroid cell is part of a layer of similar cells—the thyroid follicular epithelium—that completely encloses the secreted Tg and segregates it from the circulation. PMID:24251883
Colloid
Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms.(Wikipedia)
Purine biosynthesis
The process leading to biosynthesis of pyrimidine
Pyrimidine biosynthesis
The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.GO:0006473
Protein_acetylation
In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Most of the acetyl-CoA which is converted into fatty acids is derived from carbohydrates via the glycolytic pathway. (Wikipedia)
Fatty_Acid_Biosynthesis
The citric acid cycle (CAC) – also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (Wikipedia)
Citric_Acid_Cycle
The regulated production of heat in response to short term environmental changes, such as stress, diet or reduced temperature. The regulated production of heat in response to short term environmental changes, such as stress, diet or reduced temperature. GO:1990845
Thermogenesis
The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.GO:0045040
Insertion into mitochondrial membrane
The Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) is a branch of glycolysis responsible for the production of a key substrate for protein glycosylation, UDP-GlcNAc. Cancer cells present altered glucose metabolism and aberrant glycosylation, pointing to alterations on HBP.
Hexosamine_biosynthesis
Cytotoxic_T-lymphocyte_activation
Helper_T-lymphocyte_activation
The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal. GO:0061642
Chemoattraction_of_axon
The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. GO:0061643
Chemorepulsion_of_axon
Formation of the migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.
Axonal_growth_cone_formation
The process of programmed cell death
Apoptosis
The growth of a myotube, where growth contributes to the progression of the myotube over time
Myotube_hypertrophy
The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript (GO:0006378).
mRNA_polyadenylation
The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA(GO:0008380).
RNA_splicing
Translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of protein synthesized from its mRNA. This regulation is vastly important to the cellular response to stressors, growth cues, and differentiation. In comparison to transcriptional regulation, it results in much more immediate cellular adjustment through direct regulation of protein concentration. The corresponding mechanisms are primarily targeted on the control of ribosome recruitment on the initiation codon, but can also involve modulation of peptide elongation, termination of protein synthesis, or ribosome biogenesis.
Translational_regulation
Epigenetic regulation is a process by which the activity of a gene is modulated by chromatin structure.
Epigenetic_regulation
Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins. In this process, particular exons of a gene may be included within or excluded from the final, processed messenger RNA (mRNA) produced from that gene
Alternative_Splicing_Regulation
A transcriptional activator is a protein that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes
Transcritpional_activation
Also known as myelinogenesis, is the process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons (GO:0042552).
Myelination
Scanning mechanism, wherein the small (40S) ribosomal subunit attaches to the 5′ end of the mRNA and then inspects the leader base by base for an AUG in a suitable context, using complementarity with the anticodon of methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAiMet) as the key means of identifying AUG.
MRNA_scanning
A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase (GO:0006289).
Nucleotide-excision_repair
Chromatine Condensation
Chromatine_condensation
The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis (GO:0006414).
Translational_elongation
The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor (GO:0042119).
Neutrophil_activation
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil(GO:0043312).
Neutrophil_degranulation
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns GO:0030010
Cell_polarity
The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein. GO:0016567
Protein_ubiquitination
Oxidative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
Oxidative_stress
The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the plus ends of the microtubules (GO:0031535).
Plus-end directed sliding movement
The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules (GO:0031534).
Minus-end directed microtubule movement
Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. PMID:11038192 PMID:12052774 (GO:0008053)
Mitochondrial_fusion
He mitotic cell cycle phase transition whose occurrence commits the cell from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase (GO:0045023).
G0/G1_transition
The cleavage of DNA into fragments
DNA_fragmentation
A condition in which T cells lose their ability to kill certain cells, such as cancer cells or cells infected with a virus. This can happen when cancer, chronic infection, or other conditions cause the body’s immune system to stay active for a long time.
T cell exhaustion
In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase(GO:0006284).
Base-excision_repair
An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure (GO:0042311).
Vasodilation
Pancreatic Stellate Cells Pancreatic stellate cell: A cell that is found in the periacinar space of the exocrine pancreas and in perivascular and periductal regions of the pancreas, and has long cytoplasmic processes that encircle the base of the acinus. Expresses several intermediate filament proteins including vimentin and nestin. Shares many of the characteristics of hepatatic stellate cells, but not stellate cells of the central nervous system. Upon activation, this cell type undergoes morphological and gene expression changes that make the cell suggestive of being a type of myofibroblast. CL:0002410 CL:0002410
Activated PSC
The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.GO:0045123
Cellular_extravasation
The migration of tumour cells that detach from the primary tumour, enter lymphatic or blood circulation to invade new organs.
Cell_invasion
Macropinocytosis is characterized by initiating plasma membrane ruffles on the cell surface where it takes place and subsequently engulfing the extracellular fluid by the formation of giant (0.2–5 µm in diameter) and irregularly shaped endocytic vacuoles, named macropinosomes
Macropinosomes formation
Early macropinosomes
Late macropinosomes
Macropinosomes recycle
The organelle membrane fusion process in which the membrane of a multivesicular body fuses with a lysosome to create a hybrid organelle.GO:0061763
Lysosome fusion
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance.GO:0061101
Neuroendocrine cell differentiation
PDAC-associated neural remodeling (PANR)
Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent, nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation resulting from disturbances in the intracellular microenvironment, particularly under conditions of glutathione insufficiency.
Ferroptosis
GO:0034440
Lipid peroxidation
The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion
Membrane_blebbing
A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type
Quiescence
Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which preadipocytes become adipocytes
Adipogenesis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis
Brown_adipogenesis
A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage
Mitotic_checkpoint
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Protein_synthesis
A type of cell death culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents
Necrosis
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. GO:0008610.
Lipogenesis
The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
Autophagy
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts of a mitochondrion
Mitochondrial_biogenesis
The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present
Cell_growth
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H
Glycolysis
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol
Gluconeogenesis
The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm.
Autophagosome_formation
Differentiation
Differentiation
The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues
Cell_migration
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues
Glycogen_synthesis
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population
Proliferation
Muscle atrophy is the partial or complete wasting of muscle tissue.
Muscle_atrophy
Cell cycle exit is when cells stop dividing and enter a quiescent state, also named G0
Cell_cycle_exit
The process and the mechanisms that regulate the timing of cell cycle
Cell_cycle_progress
The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.
Pluripotency
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
Chromosome_segregation
A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell
Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
Angiogenesis
A trait that most established cell lines possess by virtute of their ability to proliferate without evidence of either senescence or crisis.
Immortality
Cell cycle G1/S phase transition: The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.
G1/S_transition
Cell cycle G2/M phase transition: The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase.
G2/M_transition
The DNA-dependent DNA replication that takes place as part of the cell cycle.
DNA_replication
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a pro-inflammatory macrophage.
M1_polarization
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a anti-inflammatory macrophage.
M2_polarization
Process that results in the formation of cytoplasmic, spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons, and composed of abnormally phosphorylated, neurofilament proteins aggregated with ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein
Lewy_body_formation
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. (GO:0006281).
DNA_repair
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neurofibrillary tangle, Intracellular mass of paired, helically wound protein filaments (also called PHF) lying in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies and neuritic cell processes. Neurofibrillary tangles contain an abnormally phosphorylated form of a microtubule-associated protein, tau.
Neurofibrillary tangle formation
The generation of amyloid fibrils, insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure, from proteins.
Amyloid_fibril_formation
A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism
Fibrinolysis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
Spindle_assembly
The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle (GO:0034380)
HDL_assembly
The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle. (GO:0034379)
VLDL_assembly
The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a low-density lipoprotein particle.
LDL_assembly
The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Cilium_assembly
A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.
Maintenance_of_lens_transparency
The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.
Cerebral_cortex_development
The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.
Neuron_migration
The regrowth of neural tissue following its loss or destruction.
Neural_tissue_regeneration
The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.
Bone_mineralization
The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules
Cell_adhesion
The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.
Pigmentation
Is the organ system of the reproductive organs and the urinary system
Urogenital_tract
The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules.
Neurofilament bundle assembly
T cell activation occurs through the simultaneous engagement of the T-cell receptor and co-stimulatory molecules on the T cell by the major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) peptide and co-stimulatory molecules on the APC
T_cell_activation
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Ossification
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
Cartilage_development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
Osteoclast_differentiation
The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms.
Metabolism
The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis (GO:0006119).
Oxidative_phosphorylation
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome (GO:0000387).
Spliceosomal_snRNP_assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix
ECM_synthesis
A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix (GO:0022617)
ECM_disassembly
The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules(GO:0070527).
Platelet_aggregation
A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.
Action_potential
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
Multivesicular_body_assembly
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Pyrimidine_nucleotide_metabolic_process
A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome.
Protein_localization_to_peroxisome
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion (GO:0033363)
Secretory_granule_organization
The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone (GO:0016486)
Peptide_hormone_processing
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures (GO:0007010)
Cytoskeleton_organization
The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone
Osteoblast_differentiation
Connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing (GO:0002248)
Fibrosis
The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types (GO:0045066)
T-reg_differentiation
The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules
Degranulation
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
Chemotaxis
Th17 lymphocyte
Th17
Any process that results in the conversion of one or more primary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts into one or more mature ncRNA molecules. GO:0034470
NcRNA_processing
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds
Protein_degradation
An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. GO:0006909
Phagocytosis
A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. GO:0007520
Myoblast_fusion
The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. GO:0030225
Macrophage_differentiation
DNA Damage
DNA_damage
pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PAMPs
Growth Factors
GFs
Cell-Cell contact
Cell-Cell_contact
An immune complex, sometimes called an antigen-antibody complex, is a molecule formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen
Immune complexes
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation
Ultraviolet B (UVB) spans the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelengths between 290-320nm
UVB radiation
Danger-associated molecular patterns and danger signals, are host biomolecules that can initiate and perpetuate a noninfectious inflammatory response
DAMPS
Fatty acid : a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, saturated or unsaturated.
Fatty acid
Oxidative Stress
ROS
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, and several other glycoproteins. Matrix components bind each other as well as cell adhesion receptors forming a complex network into which cells reside in all tissues and organs. Cell surface receptors transduce signals into cells from ECM, which regulate diverse cellular functions, such as survival, growth, migration, and differentiation, and are vital for maintaining normal homeostasis.(PMID:26562801 )
ECM
Viral_dsRNA
When the ER folding capacity is saturated, unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER and lead to ER stress.
Unfolded_Proteins
"Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism." GO:0019079
Viral_replication
A decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body. EFO:0009444
Hypoxia
A penetrating injury can occur when a blood vessel is punctured, torn or severed.
Blood vessel damage
Sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
Sound_vibration
Osmotic shock or osmotic stress is physiologic dysfunction caused by a sudden change in the solute concentration around a cell.
Osmotic_stress
From Wikipedia: Z-RNA is a left-handed alternative conformation for the RNA double helix. Just like for Z-DNA, Z-RNA is favored by a sequence composed of Purine/Pyrimidine repeats and especially CG repeats.
Z-RNA
Incubation in the presence of calf serum
Serum
Cytosolic DNA derived from either pathogens (non-self-DNA, including viral and bacterial DNA) or host genome (self-DNA, including damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), leaked/damaged nuclear DNA from chromosome instability (CIN), cytosolic DNA in micronuclei and from cell debris), are powerful activators for the innate-immune system. PMID: 33927185
Cytosolic DNA
Androgen deprivation therapy
Nutrient Starvation
Starvation
Incubation in the presence of aminoacids
AminoAcids
UV stress
UV stress
Survival Factors
Survival Factors
ER stress
ER stress
Charles Tapley Hoyt
NFY
SMAD4/JUN
ULK1/Atg13/Fip200
TSC
SUZ12/EZH2/YY1
NLI/Lmx1.1/Isl1
RFX complex
CoREST-HDAC complex
LMX1B/SFPQ/PSPC1 complex
DNA-PK
NC2 complex
ATG12/5/16L1
SMAD2/SMURF2
GSK3B/Axin/APC
REST-CoREST
PARD6/SMURF1
RAGAC
RAGAD
RAGBC
RAGBD
AEP complex
STAT1/STAT3
Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1
SMAD7/HDAC1/E2F-1
JAK1/STAT1/STAT3
PKCtheta/Nfix
Six1/Dach
MTA1/DJ1 complex
ISGF3 complex
AHR-ARNT
a7/b1 integrin
MYOD/E12E47
MYOD/HEB
MYOD/E2-2
NfKb-p65/p50
Polycomb repressive complex 2
NAE
PP2CA_R1A_R2A
PP2Ca_R1A_Bd
PP2Ca_R1A_Bd
SCF-FBW7
SCF-SKP2
GUCY1A2-B2
GUCY1A2-B3
GUCY1A3-B2
IKK-complex
GUCY1A3-B3
IFNGR2/INFGR1
CyclinD1/CDK6
CDK5/CDK5R1
ARP2/3
MRE11/RAD50/NBS1
hb:hp
AMPK
APC-c
Noncanonical PRC1
PAX2/TLE4
TCR
AP1
Calcineurin
PI3K
LE-TGN SNARE
SMN complex
A1/b1 integrin
CyclinE/CDK2
A2/b1 integrin
A3/b1 integrin
A4/b1 integrin
A5/b1 integrin
A6/b1 integrin
A8/b1 integrin
A9/b1 integrin
A10/b1 integrin
A11/b1 integrin
AL/b2 integrin
CyclinB/CDK1
AM/b2 integrin
AX/b2 integrin
AD/b2 integrin
AIIB/b3 integrin
A6/b4 integrin
Av/b1 integrin
Av/b2 integrin
Av/b3 integrin
Av/b5 integrin
Av/b6 integrin
CyclinD/CDK4
Laminin-9
Laminin-8
Laminin-10
Laminin-1
Laminin-5
Av/b8 integrin
AE/b7 integrin
A4/b7 integrin
SETDB1/NLK/CHD7
HMT
PAS complex
WRC complex
GATOR1
GATOR2
CLOCK/BMAL1
CLOCK/BMAL2
CBFA2T3/ZNF651
SNAIL/RELA/PARP1
FCER1G/FCER1G
mTORC2
FCER1
GNB/GNG
SMAD2/STAT3/EP300
SMAD3/PIAS3
SMAD5/SMAD4
SMAD8/SMAD4
Neurofilament L/M
Neurofilament L/H
Hemoglobin
CDON/SPAG9
FN1/SDC4
RUNX2/EP300
CSF2RA/CSF2RB
Core Binding Factor complex
SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4
FZD7/SDC4
DGC
MAPK12/CARM1
LPR5/6
Caspase 1 complex
Caspase 3 complex
AIM2 inflammasome
NLRC4 inflammasome
NLRP1 inflammasome
NLRP3 inflammasome
Pyrin inflammasome
Caspase 2 complex
Caspase 6 complex
Caspase 9 complex
TAF3/TRF3
Apoptosome
Caspase 8 complex
Caspase 7 complex
Ribonucleotide reductase
CyclinD3/CDK6
P-TEFb
DCX DET1-COP1
Spike protein-ACE2
Vps34 Complex II
Vps34 Complex I
IFNAR
STC2/HMOX1
AP-2 complex
Early Endosome
AP-3 complex
AP-1 complex
AP-2/clathrin vescicle
NKX3-1/SRF
AP-3/clathrin vescicle
AP-1/clathrin vescicle
BLOC-2
BLOC-3
CoV2 Spike protein-ACE2
Exosome_Complex
EIF4E2/GIGYF1 complex
EIF4E2/GIGYF2 complex
WASH complex
p62_complex
LAMTOR
IL17R complex
DNA primase complex
DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex
NPC
ATP synthase
Integrator complex
28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit
CoV2 spike protein-NRP1
MCM
CHEVI complex
AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C
GPIb-IX-V complex
WAVE complex
STX11-SNAP23 SNARE complex
STX11-VAMP8 SNARE complex
KATP channel
VAPB-PTPIP51 complex
Mitochondrial Fe-S Cluster Assembly Complex
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV
HAUS complex
g-TuRC complex
39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit
40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
BBsome complex
DPM complex
BMPR1A/1B/2
Hair cells mechanotransduction channel
TIP-LINK complex
Caspase-2 PIDDosome
Calprotectin complex
SAE1/SAE2 complex
BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex
BRCA1-A complex
BRCA1-BARD1 complex
BRCA1-B complex
BRCA1-C complex
mTORC1
ACVR1/BMPR2
Fanconi anemia core complex
D1-D2-G-X3 complex
Fanconi anemia ID complex
LINC complex
Cohesin complex
TTM complex
Shelterin complex
26S Proteasome
Complement C1q
Complement C1 complex
C3 convertase complex
Fibrinogen
C5 convertase complex
Membrane attack complex
C3 convertase complex (C3bBb)
C5 convertase complex (C3bBbC3b)
Thrombin-Thrombomodulin
Fibrin
Factor Va-Xa
Factor FVIIa:TF
RISC(DICER1/AGO2/TARBP2)
Factor VIIIa-IXa
CENP-A nucleosome
Nucleosome_H2A.Z.1 variant
Nucleosome_H2A.Z.2 variant
Nucleosome_H3.1 variant
Nucleosome_H3.1t variant
GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor
GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor
GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor
GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor
CDX2/PAX6/P300
GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor
GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor
GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor
GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor
GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor
GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor
GABA-B receptor
MBD2/NuRD complex
MBD3/NuRD complex
Nucleosome_H3.3 variant
RNA helicases DDX5/DDX17
CERF
Condensin I
Condensin II
TFIID
MSL acetyltransferase
SF3a
SNARE_complex
NMDA receptor_2A
NMDA receptor_2B
NMDA receptor_2C
NMDA receptor_2D
Synaptonemal_complex
Set1-Ash2 HMT complex
BHC complex
Lig4-Xrcc4 complex
RAD21L Cohesin complex
Microprocessor complex
RZZ complex
NRZ complex
MECP2/SIN3A/HDAC complex
Ndc80 complex
MIS12 complex
KNL1 complex
SKA complex
CCAN complex
KMN network
Upf-EJC
SEC61 complex
Exon junction complex
CyclinK/CDK12
COPII vesicle
Nucleosome
POMT
Rix1 complex
SMC5/6
RF-C complex
DNA polymerase delta
DNA polymerase epsilon
DNA polymerase gamma
ESCRT-III
CyclinK/CDK13
IPP complex
BLOC-1
MCC
Ankyrin complex
Erythrocytic spectrin
Non-erythrocytic spectrin
4.1 complex
CFII complex
CFI complex
RNA Polymerase III
DDB2/DDB1
RNA Polymerase I
RNA Polymerase II
TFIIIC
TFIIIB
TFIIF
TFIIA
IDH
OGDC
Succinyl-CoA ATP variant
Succinyl-CoA GTP variant
SDH
EIF3_complex
PDH
EBV gH:gL:gp42
Core mediator complex
CKM complex
ChAHP
Polycomb repressive complex 1
Sin3B_complex
DICER1/hAgo2/PRKRA
Outer_mitochondrial_membrane
Inner_mitochondrial_membrane
TSH
NSL histone acetyltransferase
PCC
NatA
NatB
NatC
HIF-1 complex
ORC
DNMT1/DNMT3A
CyclinA2/CDK1
TOM40 complex
SAM complex
TIM23 complex
TIM22 complex
Class I MHC
Class I MHC:Antigen
Ubiquitinated-Viral_Protein
Class II MHC
Class II MHC:Antigen
DNMT1/DNMT3B
α-D-glucosyl-glycogenin
BMAL1/NPAS2
CD3
BCR-Mk
BCR-Ml
BCR-Dk
BCR-Dl
Glycine cleavage system
CCR4-NOT complex
eIF4F_complex
Cap-binding complex
CSTF complex
SF3b
NF90-NF45
TREX complex
Neuronal AP-3
MLL3 complex
B-WICH complex
HNuRF
WICH
GLI1/GLI2
SOX17/POU5F1
Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex
43S_pre_initiation_complex
48S_initiation_complex
80S_cytosolic_ribosome
CAK complex
TFIIH
TFIIE
NuA4 complex
EEF1B complex
HIRA complex 1
HIRA complex 2
ETF
SL1 complex
SAGA complex
Elongator complex
GBAF
RalGAP1
RalGAP2
ELF4/RUNX1
SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant
PAF1C
Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase
MPO-ANCA
Pr3-ANCA
SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian
Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF
U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex
U2 snRNP complex
ELL/ICE1
U1 snRNP complex
Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant
Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant
Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant
Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF
Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant
Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant
COP9 signalosome variant 2
COP9 signalosome variant 1
ELL/ICE2
Exocyst_EXOC6B variant
Exocyst_EXOC6 variant
EEF1A:GTP:aa-tRNA
Translation release factor ERF1-ERF3
Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)
Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)
Ub:E2
INO80 complex
MCU_MICUB_variant
SCF-betaTRCP
ERCC4/ERCC1
MCU_MICU1_variant
MCU_MICU3_variant
MCU_MICU2_variant
Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL2_variant
Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL2_variant
Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL2_variant
Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL2_variant
Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL1_variant
Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL1_variant
Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL1_variant
EXT1/EXT2
Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL1_variant
Scribble_complex_DLG1-LLGL1_variant
Prefoldin co-chaperone
URI1 prefoldin co-chaperone
R2TP core co-chaperone
PAQosome co-chaperone complex
R2SP co-chaperone
Ub:HECT_E3
Ub:RING_E3
FGFR1OP/CEP350
Ub:RBR_E3
NELF
BAF250b E3 ligase
KPC
VCB-Cul2
SCF-FBW2
Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1
LUBAC
Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1
Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1
CPSF complex
EDVP
Elongin E3-Cul-5
Erlin
SCF(TBL1)
PRP19-CDC5L
OST-A complex
OST-B complex
Skp1-Pam E3
MITRAC complex
TRiC
KAT6A/KAT6B
CyclinY/CDK16
CyclinY/CDK14
CyclinD3/CDK11A
CyclinD3/CDK11B
CyclinC/CDK19
CyclinC/CDK3
CyclinE1/CDK3
CyclinA2/CDK18
Iws1:Spt6:CTD complex
HOPS tethering complex
KAT6A/PML
CORVET tethering complex
STX17-VAMP8 SNARE complex
STK35/PDIK1L
PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex
CPC
CBM
Phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex
RQC complex
KCNJ5/KCNJ3
V-ATPase
CASK-Mint1-Veli complex
CUL3-RBX1-KEAP1
Ferritin
MLH1/PMS1
MLH1/PMS2
CBP/p300
MSH2/MSH6
MSN/PDZD8
NONO/SFPQ
POT1/ACD
RAD51B/RAD51C
RBM15/NXF1
REL/RELA
P300/PCAF
SEPT6/SEPT2
SEPT6/SEPT7
SOX2/POU5F1
SP1/STAT3
SS18/MLLT10
SUZ12/EED
SUZ12/EZH2
U2AF1/U2AF2
SMAD2/SMAD4
ZBTB16/ZBTB32
ZRSR2/U2AF2
CyclinA2/CDK2
NR3C1/STAT5A
SMAD1/4
SMAD3/JUN
MLL/SET subcomplex
MLL2 complex
MLL1 complex
SMAD3/SMAD4
PAX7/MLL1 complex
PAX7/MLL2 complex
SWI/SNF complex
MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex
Myog/SWI/SNF complex
CDON/BOC/PTCH1
RBPJ/NOTCH
gamma-secretase
ERK1/2
Protocadherin_alpha
Protocadherin_beta
Collagen
HECT E3 ligase
E2 conjugating enzyme
RING E3 ligase
RBR E3 ligase
CGB Family
Frizzled
TUBAC Family
YAP/TAZ
PAK
ROBO
JNK
p38
PKA
PP2B
LPAR
TLRs
TAOK
TEAD
AKT
MEK1/2
RPS6K
FOXO
SMURF
Ggamma
NOTCH
SLRP
SRC_kinase_family
PIM
SMAD1/5/8
ErbB receptor family
Neuregulin
RTKs
GF
Gbeta
Wnt
STK3/4
Mob1
LATS1/2
RXR
RAR
Tubulin
Kindlin
IFITMs
TGFb
Interferon-type-I
STAG
PKC
PP1
MGluR
NMDA
KAR
AMPA
HOMER
GABA-A
GlyR
Axonemal_Dynein
Cytoplasmic_Dynein
Histone H2B
Histone H3
14-3-3
Histone H2A
Cadherins
α-Catenin
SPTB
Enolase
Aldolase
Hexokinase
PKG
PGAM
PFK
PK
G6P
Liprin-alpha
DIO
THR
HACD
HLA1
Viral protein
Ubiquitin
HLA2 beta chain
HLA2 alpha chain
Adenylate_cyclase
ELOVL
Glycogenin
PYG
Netrin
UNC5