/**
 * Solid-OIDC Resource Server
 * Verifies DPoP-bound access tokens from external Identity Providers
 *
 * Flow:
 * 1. User authenticates at external IdP (e.g., solidcommunity.net)
 * 2. User gets DPoP-bound access token
 * 3. User sends request with Authorization: DPoP <token> and DPoP: <proof>
 * 4. We verify the token and DPoP proof
 * 5. Extract WebID from token
 */

import * as jose from 'jose';
import { validateExternalUrl } from '../utils/ssrf.js';

// Cache for OIDC configurations and JWKS
const oidcConfigCache = new Map();
const jwksCache = new Map();

// Cache for DPoP jti values to prevent replay attacks
// Stores { jti: timestamp } entries, cleaned periodically
const dpopJtiCache = new Map();
const JTI_CACHE_CLEANUP_INTERVAL = 60 * 1000; // Clean every minute

// Cache TTL (15 minutes)
const CACHE_TTL = 15 * 60 * 1000;

// Trusted issuers (skip SSRF check) - populated by server config
const trustedIssuers = new Set();

/**
 * Add a trusted issuer (e.g., the server's own issuer)
 * Trusted issuers bypass SSRF validation since they're configured by admin
 */
export function addTrustedIssuer(issuer) {
  const normalized = issuer.replace(/\/$/, '');
  trustedIssuers.add(normalized);
  trustedIssuers.add(normalized + '/');
}

// DPoP proof max age (5 minutes)
const DPOP_MAX_AGE = 5 * 60;

/**
 * Clean expired jti entries from cache
 * Called periodically to prevent memory growth
 */
function cleanupJtiCache() {
  const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
  const expiredBefore = now - DPOP_MAX_AGE;

  for (const [jti, timestamp] of dpopJtiCache.entries()) {
    if (timestamp < expiredBefore) {
      dpopJtiCache.delete(jti);
    }
  }
}

// Start periodic cleanup (unref so it doesn't keep process alive during tests)
setInterval(cleanupJtiCache, JTI_CACHE_CLEANUP_INTERVAL).unref();

/**
 * Check if a jti has been used (replay attack prevention)
 * @param {string} jti - The jti claim from DPoP proof
 * @returns {boolean} - true if jti was already used
 */
function isJtiUsed(jti) {
  return dpopJtiCache.has(jti);
}

/**
 * Record a jti as used
 * @param {string} jti - The jti claim from DPoP proof
 * @param {number} iat - The issued-at timestamp
 */
function recordJti(jti, iat) {
  dpopJtiCache.set(jti, iat);
}

/**
 * Verify a Solid-OIDC request and extract WebID
 * @param {object} request - Fastify request object
 * @returns {Promise<{webId: string|null, error: string|null}>}
 */
export async function verifySolidOidc(request) {
  const authHeader = request.headers.authorization;
  const dpopHeader = request.headers.dpop;

  // Check for DPoP authorization scheme
  if (!authHeader || !authHeader.startsWith('DPoP ')) {
    return { webId: null, error: null }; // Not a Solid-OIDC request
  }

  if (!dpopHeader) {
    return { webId: null, error: 'Missing DPoP proof header' };
  }

  const accessToken = authHeader.slice(5); // Remove 'DPoP ' prefix

  try {
    // Step 1: Decode access token (without verification) to get issuer
    const tokenPayload = jose.decodeJwt(accessToken);
    const issuer = tokenPayload.iss;

    if (!issuer) {
      return { webId: null, error: 'Access token missing issuer' };
    }

    // Step 2: Verify DPoP proof
    const dpopResult = await verifyDpopProof(dpopHeader, request, accessToken);
    if (dpopResult.error) {
      return { webId: null, error: dpopResult.error };
    }

    // Step 3: Fetch JWKS and verify access token
    const jwks = await getJwks(issuer);
    const { payload } = await jose.jwtVerify(accessToken, jwks, {
      issuer,
      clockTolerance: 30 // 30 seconds clock skew tolerance
    });

    // Step 4: Verify DPoP binding (cnf.jkt must match DPoP key thumbprint)
    if (payload.cnf?.jkt) {
      if (payload.cnf.jkt !== dpopResult.thumbprint) {
        return { webId: null, error: 'DPoP key does not match token binding' };
      }
    }

    // Step 5: Extract WebID
    const webId = payload.webid || payload.sub;
    if (!webId) {
      return { webId: null, error: 'Token missing WebID claim' };
    }

    // Validate WebID is a valid URL
    try {
      new URL(webId);
    } catch {
      return { webId: null, error: 'Invalid WebID URL' };
    }

    return { webId, error: null };

  } catch (err) {
    // Handle specific JWT errors
    if (err.code === 'ERR_JWT_EXPIRED') {
      console.error('Solid-OIDC: Access token expired');
      return { webId: null, error: 'Access token expired' };
    }
    if (err.code === 'ERR_JWS_SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED') {
      console.error('Solid-OIDC: Invalid token signature');
      return { webId: null, error: 'Invalid token signature' };
    }
    if (err.code === 'ERR_JWKS_NO_MATCHING_KEY') {
      console.error('Solid-OIDC: No matching key found in JWKS');
      return { webId: null, error: 'No matching key found in JWKS' };
    }

    console.error('Solid-OIDC verification error:', err.code, err.message);
    return { webId: null, error: 'Token verification failed' };
  }
}

/**
 * Verify DPoP proof JWT
 * @param {string} dpopProof - The DPoP proof JWT
 * @param {object} request - Fastify request
 * @param {string} accessToken - The access token (for ath claim verification)
 * @returns {Promise<{thumbprint: string|null, error: string|null}>}
 */
async function verifyDpopProof(dpopProof, request, accessToken) {
  try {
    // Decode header to get the public key
    const protectedHeader = jose.decodeProtectedHeader(dpopProof);

    if (protectedHeader.typ !== 'dpop+jwt') {
      return { thumbprint: null, error: 'Invalid DPoP proof type' };
    }

    if (!protectedHeader.jwk) {
      return { thumbprint: null, error: 'DPoP proof missing jwk header' };
    }

    // Import the public key from the JWK in the header
    const publicKey = await jose.importJWK(protectedHeader.jwk, protectedHeader.alg);

    // Verify the DPoP proof signature
    const { payload } = await jose.jwtVerify(dpopProof, publicKey, {
      clockTolerance: 30
    });

    // Verify required claims
    // htm: HTTP method
    const expectedMethod = request.method.toUpperCase();
    if (payload.htm !== expectedMethod) {
      return { thumbprint: null, error: `DPoP htm mismatch: expected ${expectedMethod}` };
    }

    // htu: HTTP URI (without query string and fragment)
    const requestUrl = `${request.protocol}://${request.hostname}${request.url.split('?')[0]}`;
    // Normalize both URLs for comparison
    const payloadHtu = payload.htu?.replace(/\/$/, '');
    const expectedHtu = requestUrl.replace(/\/$/, '');

    if (payloadHtu !== expectedHtu) {
      // Also try without port for localhost
      const altHtu = requestUrl.replace(/:(\d+)/, '').replace(/\/$/, '');
      if (payloadHtu !== altHtu) {
        return { thumbprint: null, error: `DPoP htu mismatch: expected ${expectedHtu}` };
      }
    }

    // iat: Issued at (must be recent)
    const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
    if (!payload.iat || Math.abs(now - payload.iat) > DPOP_MAX_AGE) {
      return { thumbprint: null, error: 'DPoP proof expired or invalid iat' };
    }

    // jti: Unique identifier - track to prevent replay attacks
    if (!payload.jti) {
      return { thumbprint: null, error: 'DPoP proof missing jti' };
    }

    // Check for replay attack
    if (isJtiUsed(payload.jti)) {
      return { thumbprint: null, error: 'DPoP proof jti already used (replay attack prevented)' };
    }

    // Record jti to prevent future replay
    recordJti(payload.jti, payload.iat);

    // ath: Access token hash (optional but recommended)
    if (payload.ath) {
      const expectedAth = await calculateAth(accessToken);
      if (payload.ath !== expectedAth) {
        return { thumbprint: null, error: 'DPoP ath mismatch' };
      }
    }

    // Calculate JWK thumbprint for binding verification
    const thumbprint = await jose.calculateJwkThumbprint(protectedHeader.jwk, 'sha256');

    return { thumbprint, error: null };

  } catch (err) {
    console.error('DPoP verification error:', err.code, err.message);
    return { thumbprint: null, error: 'Invalid DPoP proof: ' + err.message };
  }
}

/**
 * Calculate access token hash (ath) for DPoP binding
 */
async function calculateAth(accessToken) {
  const encoder = new TextEncoder();
  const data = encoder.encode(accessToken);
  const hash = await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', data);
  return jose.base64url.encode(new Uint8Array(hash));
}

/**
 * Fetch and cache OIDC configuration
 * SECURITY: Validates issuer URL to prevent SSRF attacks
 */
async function getOidcConfig(issuer) {
  const cached = oidcConfigCache.get(issuer);
  if (cached && Date.now() - cached.timestamp < CACHE_TTL) {
    return cached.config;
  }

  // Check if this is a trusted issuer (e.g., our own server)
  const normalizedIssuer = issuer.replace(/\/$/, '');
  const isTrusted = trustedIssuers.has(normalizedIssuer) || trustedIssuers.has(normalizedIssuer + '/');

  // SSRF Protection: Validate issuer URL before fetching (skip for trusted issuers)
  if (!isTrusted) {
    const validation = await validateExternalUrl(issuer, {
      requireHttps: true,
      blockPrivateIPs: true,
      resolveDNS: true
    });

    if (!validation.valid) {
      throw new Error(`Invalid OIDC issuer: ${validation.error}`);
    }
  }

  const configUrl = `${issuer.replace(/\/$/, '')}/.well-known/openid-configuration`;

  try {
    const response = await fetch(configUrl);
    if (!response.ok) {
      throw new Error(`Failed to fetch OIDC config: ${response.status}`);
    }

    const config = await response.json();
    oidcConfigCache.set(issuer, { config, timestamp: Date.now() });
    return config;

  } catch (err) {
    console.error(`Failed to fetch OIDC config from ${issuer}:`, err.message);
    throw err;
  }
}

/**
 * Get JWKS for an issuer (with caching)
 */
async function getJwks(issuer) {
  const cached = jwksCache.get(issuer);
  if (cached && Date.now() - cached.timestamp < CACHE_TTL) {
    return cached.jwks;
  }

  // Get OIDC config to find JWKS URI
  const config = await getOidcConfig(issuer);
  const jwksUri = config.jwks_uri;

  if (!jwksUri) {
    throw new Error('OIDC config missing jwks_uri');
  }

  // Create a remote JWKS set
  const jwks = jose.createRemoteJWKSet(new URL(jwksUri));

  jwksCache.set(issuer, { jwks, timestamp: Date.now() });
  return jwks;
}

/**
 * Clear caches (useful for testing)
 */
export function clearCaches() {
  oidcConfigCache.clear();
  jwksCache.clear();
}

/**
 * Check if request has Solid-OIDC authorization
 */
export function hasSolidOidcAuth(request) {
  const authHeader = request.headers.authorization;
  return authHeader && authHeader.startsWith('DPoP ');
}