---
name: global-change-biology
description: Use when targeting Global Change Biology or deciding whether a biology/ecology manuscript fits this venue. Encodes the journal's fit, the global-change-driver framing and biological-evidence bar, scale and mechanism expectations, house style, official-submission re-check, and desk-reject heuristics.
---

# Global Change Biology (global-change-biology)

## Journal positioning

Global Change Biology is the Wiley journal for the biological and ecological responses of
the living world to global change — climate warming, elevated CO2, altered precipitation,
nitrogen deposition, land-use and land-cover change, and their interactions. Its defining
expectation is a **clear global-change driver coupled to rigorous biological evidence**:
a study that links an explicit global-change forcing to a biological or ecological response,
with mechanism or consequence resolved from the molecular to the ecosystem scale. A local
ecology, physiology, or biogeochemistry study with no global-change driver or framing is a
weak fit, however well executed. This skill is a **fit / venue-selection / re-framing** tool.
It does not replace the journal's current author guidelines. Before submitting, re-check the
live Global Change Biology submission guidance.

## When to trigger

- The author names Global Change Biology and wants a fit/framing check for a global-change
  ecology or biology paper.
- A local ecological, physiological, or soil/biogeochemical study must be re-framed around an
  explicit global-change driver and its biological consequences.
- The author is choosing between Global Change Biology, a general ecology journal, and an
  earth-system or biogeochemistry venue.
- The author needs this journal's global-change-framing requirement and biological-evidence bar.

## Scope & topic fit

- Responses of organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems to climate change,
  elevated CO2, warming, drought, and shifting disturbance regimes.
- Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine carbon, nutrient, and greenhouse-gas cycling when the
  biological response to a global-change driver is central.
- Land-use and land-cover change, nitrogen deposition, and their interactions with climate on
  biodiversity, productivity, and biogeochemistry.
- Phenology, range shifts, species interactions, and evolutionary/acclimation responses under
  global-change forcing.
- Mechanistic, manipulative experiments (warming, FACE, N-addition), long-term observations,
  syntheses, and process-based or data-driven modeling of global-change responses.
- Feedbacks between the biosphere and the climate system, including mitigation/adaptation
  relevance grounded in biological evidence.

## Method & evidence bar

- A **global-change driver must be explicit and causally connected** to the biological
  response — not a study where climate is mentioned only in the framing sentences.
- Manipulative experiments need appropriate replication, realistic treatment levels, and
  controls; pseudoreplication and unrealistic forcing levels are common failings.
- Observational and gradient studies must address confounding, space-for-time assumptions,
  and the limits of attribution to the global-change driver.
- Models must be evaluated against data with skill metrics and uncertainty; scenario and
  parameter choices must be justified and sensitivity explored.
- Syntheses and meta-analyses need a transparent, reproducible search, effect-size handling,
  and heterogeneity/bias assessment.
- Conclusions about consequences must match the scale of evidence — extrapolation from one
  site or one season to ecosystem- or global-scale claims must be justified.

## Structure & house style

- Standard research-article structure; the journal also publishes reviews, syntheses, and
  shorter formats — re-check current article types and length on the live guide.
- The introduction must foreground the global-change driver, the biological question, and the
  knowledge gap, framing the work for a broad global-change readership.
- Figures should be quantitative and mechanism- or consequence-oriented (response curves,
  treatment contrasts, maps with uncertainty), not purely descriptive site characterizations.
- Methods, data, and code must support reproducibility; follow the journal's data-availability
  expectations and deposit data/code where required.

## Official-submission checklist

- Before giving submission-ready advice, read `../../resources/source-basis.md` and
  `../../resources/official-source-map.md`; start from the Wiley anchors, then cite the
  current Global Change Biology page you checked.
- Search the live site for "Global Change Biology author guidelines" and follow the current Wiley version.
- Re-check article types (research, review, synthesis, opinion), length, and abstract expectations.
- Confirm the data- and code-availability policy and any repository/DOI deposition requirement.
- For meta-analyses, re-check whether a reporting standard and data-table deposition are expected.
- Re-check competing-interests, funding, author-contribution, and AI-use disclosure, and open-access terms.
- If the live official instructions conflict with this skill, the official instructions win.

## Pre-submission self-check

- [ ] An explicit global-change driver is causally linked to the biological/ecological response.
- [ ] Experiments have adequate replication, realistic treatments, and proper controls (no pseudoreplication).
- [ ] Observational/gradient inferences address confounding and attribution limits.
- [ ] Models are benchmarked with skill metrics and uncertainty; scenarios are justified.
- [ ] Conclusions are scaled to the evidence, with extrapolation explicitly justified.
- [ ] Data/code availability meets the journal's policy.

## Common desk-reject triggers

- A local ecology/physiology study with global change only in the framing, not in the design.
- Pseudoreplicated or unrealistically forced manipulative experiments.
- Space-for-time or gradient inference with unaddressed confounding presented as global-change attribution.
- Model results with no benchmarking, uncertainty, or justified scenarios.
- Site- or season-limited results extrapolated to ecosystem/global conclusions without justification.
- Scope mismatch: pure earth-system/geophysical or pure methods work with no biological response.

## Re-routing decision

- Food-systems significance dominant over the biology → `nature-food`.
- Pollutant/contaminant ecological impact is the core → `environmental-pollution`.
- Authoritative invited synthesis of the field → `annual-review-of-environment-and-resources`.
- Broad sustainability/solutions framing → `nature-sustainability`.
- General ecology without a global-change driver → a general ecology journal (e.g., `ecology` / `journal-of-ecology`).

## Output format

```text
[Fit] High / Medium / Low (one-line reason)
[Target] Global Change Biology
[Topic tags] <2–3 closest global-change-biology topics>
[Global-change driver] <the explicit forcing and the biological response it drives>
[Method/evidence] <does replication/attribution/benchmarking clear the biological-evidence bar?>
[Top risk] <the single most likely reason for rejection>
[Official items to re-check] <article type / data-code policy / meta-analysis standard / disclosures>
[Re-route suggestion] <if not a fit, a better-matched venue>
```