format-version: 1.2 data-version: 1.9 date: 27:06:2023 12:00 saved-by: pduek auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.3 default-namespace: CALOHA remark: This is a beta version and is only for experimental implementation. This work is copyright the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC BY 4.0). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CALOHA: CALIPHO group Ontology of Human Anatomy [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0001 name: Abdomen def: "That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis." [MeSH:Abdomen] xref: BTO:0000020 xref: FMA:9577 xref: MESH:D000005 xref: UBERON:0000916 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0002 name: Abdominal adipose tissue def: "Fatty tissue in the region of the abdomen." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Abdominal Fat" RELATED [] synonym: "Adipose tissue of abdominal region" RELATED [] xref: MESH:D050153 xref: UBERON:0007808 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0001 ! Abdomen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0012 name: Adipocyte def: "Cells in the body that store fats, usually in the form of triglycerides. White adipocytes are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. Brown adipocytes are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals." [MeSH:Adipocytes] synonym: "Adipocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Fat cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Lipocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000443 xref: CL:0000136 xref: FMA:63880 xref: MESH:D017667 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/soft+tissue is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0013 name: Adipose tissue def: "Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (adipocytes). It is the site of stored fats, usually in the form of triglycerides. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the white fat and the brown fat. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white." [MeSH:Adipose_Tissue] synonym: "Adipose" RELATED [] synonym: "Fat" RELATED [] synonym: "Fat tissue" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001487 xref: FMA:20110 xref: MESH:D000273 xref: UBERON:0001013 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0015 name: Adrenal cortex def: "The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from mesoderm and comprised of three zones (outer zona glomerulosa, middle zona fasciculata, and inner zona reticularis) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as aldosterone; hydrocortisone; dehydroepiandrosterone; and androstenedione. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary adrenocorticotropin." [MeSH:Adrenal_Cortex] synonym: "Adrenal gland cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Adrenal gland cortex cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Adrenocortical" RELATED [] synonym: "Cortex of adrenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Cortex of suprarenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Suprarenal cortex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000045 xref: FMA:15632 xref: MESH:D000302 xref: UBERON:0001235 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0016 ! Adrenal gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0016 name: Adrenal gland def: "A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two kidneys. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the adrenal cortex producing steroids and the adrenal medulla producing neurotransmitters." [MeSH:Adrenal_Glands] synonym: "Adrenal" RELATED [] synonym: "Suprarenal gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000047 xref: FMA:9604 xref: MESH:D000311 xref: UBERON:0002369 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/adrenal+gland is_a: CALOHA:TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0017 name: Adrenal glomerulosa def: "The narrow subcapsular outer zone of the adrenal cortex. This zone produces a series of enzymes that convert pregnenolone to aldosterone. The final steps involve three successive oxidations by aldosterone synthase." [MeSH:Zona_Glomerulosa] synonym: "Zona glomerulosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Zona glomerulosa of suprarenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Adrenal gland cells in zona glomerulosa" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000048 xref: FMA:69225 xref: MESH:D015384 xref: UBERON:0002053 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0015 ! Adrenal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0018 name: Adrenal medulla def: "The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ectoderm, adrenal medulla consists mainly of chromaffin cells that produces and stores a number of neurotransmitters, mainly adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system." [MeSH:Adrenal_Medulla] synonym: "Adrenal gland medulla" RELATED [] synonym: "Medulla of adrenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Medulla of suprarenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Suprarenal medulla" RELATED [] synonym: "Adrenal gland medullary cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000049 xref: FMA:15633 xref: MESH:D000313 xref: UBERON:0001236 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0016 ! Adrenal gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0023 name: Airway epithelium def: "The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity; the larynx; the trachea; and the bronchi tree. The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from ciliated columnar to simple squamous, mucous goblet cells, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells." [MeSH:Respiratory_Mucosa] synonym: "Respiratory epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Respiratory system epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000419 xref: MESH:D020545 xref: UBERON:0004802 xref: UBERON:0004807 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1319 ! Respiratory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0030 name: Alveolar macrophage def: "Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells." [MeSH:Alveolar_Macrophages] xref: BTO:0000802 xref: CL:0000583 xref: FMA:83023 xref: MESH:D016676 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0576 ! Lung macrophage relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0031 ! Alveolus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0031 name: Alveolus def: "Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place. Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs." [MeSH:Pulmonary_Alveoli;NCI_Thesaurus:Alveolus] synonym: "Air sac" RELATED [] synonym: "Alveoli" RELATED [] synonym: "Alveolus of lung" RELATED [] synonym: "Lung alveoli" RELATED [] synonym: "Lung alveolus" RELATED [] synonym: "Pulmonary alveoli" RELATED [] synonym: "Pulmonary alveolus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000060 xref: FMA:82493 xref: MESH:D011650 xref: UBERON:0002299 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1296 ! Bronchoalveolar system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0033 name: Amnion def: "The innermost membranous sac that surrounds and protects the developing embryo which is bathed in the amniotic fluid. Amnion cells are secretory epithelial cells and contribute to the amniotic fluid." [MeSH:Amnion] synonym: "Amniotic membrane" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000065 xref: FMA:80223 xref: MESH:D000650 xref: UBERON:0000305 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0034 name: Amniotic fluid def: "A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the fetus inside the sac of amnion. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (amniocentesis)." [MeSH:Amniotic_Fluid] synonym: "Fetal amniotic fluid" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000068 xref: MESH:D000653 xref: UBERON:0000173 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2120 ! Extraembryonic fluid [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0037 name: Amygdala def: "Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, within the temporal lobe. The amygdala is an important component of the limbic system, a neural network that mediates many aspects of emotional learning and behavior and plays a prominent role in processing of certain emotions, including fear. Abnormal functioning or damage within the amygdala, and the neural circuits that connect it with a variety of cortical and subcortical structures, is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, autism and depression." [MeSH:Amygdala;HPA] synonym: "Amygdaloid body" RELATED [] synonym: "Archistriatum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001042 xref: FMA:61841 xref: MESH:D000679 xref: UBERON:0001876 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1307 ! Limbic system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0046 name: Aorta def: "The main trunk of the systemic arteries." [MeSH:Aorta] synonym: "Aortic" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000135 xref: FMA:3734 xref: MESH:D001011 xref: UBERON:0000947 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0054 ! Artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0047 name: Aortic endothelium def: "Endothelium lining the aorta." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Aorta endothelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Aorta endothelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Aortic endothelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Endothelium of aorta" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000394 xref: BTO:0003245 xref: UBERON:0004851 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0046 ! Aorta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0048 name: Aortic smooth muscle def: "Smooth muscle of aorta." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Aorta smooth muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Aorta smooth muscle tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Aortic smooth muscle tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Aortic vascular smooth muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001685 xref: UBERON:0004178 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1198 ! Artery smooth muscle relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0046 ! Aorta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0051 name: Skin appendage def: "Skin appendages are derived from epidermal epithelium during development. They include: hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands, and their products hair, sebum, serus secretion and sweat." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Adnexa of skin" RELATED [] synonym: "Cutaneous appendage" RELATED [] synonym: "Skin appendages" RELATED [] xref: FMA:71012 xref: UBERON:0000021 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0052 name: Arachnoid membrane def: "A delicate membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the pia mater and the dura mater. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid cavity which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid." [MeSH:Arachnoid] synonym: "Arachnoid" RELATED [] synonym: "Arachnoid mater" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001636 xref: FMA:9591 xref: MESH:D001099 xref: UBERON:0002362 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0546 ! Leptomeninges [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0054 name: Artery def: "The vessels carrying blood away from the heart." [MeSH:Arteries] synonym: "Arterial vessel" RELATED [] synonym: "Arteries" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000573 xref: FMA:50720 xref: MESH:D001158 xref: UBERON:0001637 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0080 ! Blood vessel [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0055 name: Articular cartilage def: "A thin layer of cartilage, usually of hyaline, that covers the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint with another bone. Absorbs shock and reduces friction." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Articular cartilage of joint" RELATED [] synonym: "Joint cartilage" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001572 xref: FMA:12264 xref: MESH:D002358 xref: UBERON:0010996 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0118 ! Cartilage relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2023 ! Joint [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0056 name: Articular chondrocyte def: "Chondrocyte forming the hyaline cartilage found in joints." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:1001607 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0138 ! Chondrocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0055 ! Articular cartilage [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0057 name: Ascending colon def: "The segment of large intestine between the cecum and the transverse colon. It passes cephalad from the cecum to the caudal surface of the right lobe of the liver where it bends sharply to the left, forming the right colic flexure." [MeSH:Ascending_Colon] synonym: "Colon ascendens" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000270 xref: FMA:14545 xref: MESH:D044682 xref: UBERON:0001156 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0060 name: Astrocyte def: "A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from star cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with end feet which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and reactive astrocytes (along with microglia) respond to injury." [MeSH:Astrocytes] synonym: "Astrocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Astroglia" RELATED [] synonym: "Brain astrocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000099 xref: BTO:0003852 xref: CL:0000127 xref: FMA:54537 xref: MESH:D001253 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2027 ! Macroglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0068 name: B-cell def: "Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation." [MeSH:B-Lymphocytes] synonym: "B cell" RELATED [] synonym: "B-cells" RELATED [] synonym: "B lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "B-lymphocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000776 xref: CL:0000236 xref: FMA:62869 xref: MESH:D001402 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0583 ! Lymphocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0073 name: Basophil def: "Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes." [MeSH:Basophils] synonym: "Basophilic granulocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000129 xref: CL:0000767 xref: FMA:62862 xref: MESH:D001491 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0422 ! Granulocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0075 name: Bile duct def: "The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the bile canaliculi, the smallest branch of the biliary tract in the liver, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the gallbladder for storage." [MeSH:Bile_Ducts] synonym: "Bile duct cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Biliary duct" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000122 xref: FMA:9706 xref: MESH:D001652 xref: UBERON:0002394 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1308 ! Liver and biliary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0076 name: Blastocyst def: "A post-morula preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper." [MeSH:Blastocyst] xref: BTO:0001099 xref: FMA:83041 xref: MESH:D001755 xref: UBERON:0000358 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2110 ! Embryonic structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0079 name: Blood def: "The body fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system (blood vessels and blood capillaries) including plasma and blood cells." [MeSH:Blood] synonym: "Bloodstream" RELATED [] synonym: "Circulating blood" RELATED [] synonym: "Peripheral blood" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000553 xref: BTO:0000089 xref: MESH:D001769 xref: UBERON:0000178 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0449 ! Hematopoietic and immune systems relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1297 ! Cardiovascular system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0080 name: Blood vessel def: "Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins)." [MeSH:Blood_Vessels] synonym: "Vascular" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001102 xref: FMA:63183 xref: MESH:D001808 xref: UBERON:0001981 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1297 ! Cardiovascular system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0085 name: Bone marrow stroma def: "The stroma of the bone marrow is the supporting tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Stroma of bone marrow" RELATED [] xref: FMA:21426 xref: UBERON:0007195 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0087 ! Bone marrow [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0087 name: Bone marrow def: "The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells." [MeSH:Bone_Marrow] xref: BTO:0000141 xref: FMA:9608 xref: MESH:D001853 xref: UBERON:0002371 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/bone+marrow relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0449 ! Hematopoietic and immune systems [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0088 name: Bone def: "Rigid organ that forms the skeletal components of the body. The tissues found in bones include bone tissue, bone marrow, endosteum and periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage." [Wikipedia:Bone] synonym: "Bones" RELATED [] synonym: "Bone element" RELATED [] xref: FMA:30317 xref: UBERON:0001474 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1320 ! Skeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0090 name: Brain capillary def: "Capillaries of the blood-brain-barrier." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2006 ! Capillary relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0091 name: Cerebral cortex def: "The cerebral cortex, located in the dorsal part of the forebrain (telencephalon), is the largest region of the human brain and is greatly involved in information processing. The cortical subregions are important for generating voluntary motor output and processing of sensory information, or are involved in the control of cognitive functions. The cerebral cortex mainly consists of excitatory pyramidal projection neurons, organized in 6 distinct layers, and inhibitory interneurons that form local networks, and acts as a relay system, where information from subcortical regions is filtered and projected back to subcortical regions that generate the behavioral output. The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon and folds into gyri. It reaches its highest development in man and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions." [HPA;MeSH:Cerebral_Cortex] synonym: "Brain cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebrum cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Cortex of cerebral hemisphere" RELATED [] synonym: "Pallium" RELATED [] synonym: "Pallium of the brain" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000233 xref: FMA:61830 xref: MESH:D002540 xref: UBERON:0000956 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/cerebral+cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1018 ! Telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0092 name: Brain endothelium def: "Endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cerebromicrovascular endothelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003248 xref: UBERON:0013694 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0112 ! Capillary endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0090 ! Brain capillary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0093 name: Brain stem def: "The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of the mesencephalon; pons; and medulla oblongata." [MeSH:Brain_Stem] synonym: "Brainstem" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000146 xref: FMA:79876 xref: MESH:D001933 xref: UBERON:0002298 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0095 name: Brain def: "The part of central nervous system that is contained within the skull (cranium). Arising from the neural tube, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including prosencephalon (the forebrain); mesencephalon (the midbrain); and rhombencephalon (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of cerebrum; cerebellum; and other structures in the brain stem." [MeSH:Brain] synonym: "Encephalon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000142 xref: FMA:50801 xref: MESH:D001921 xref: UBERON:0000955 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0150 ! Central nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0099 name: Brown adipose tissue def: "A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of brown adipocytes. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with mitochondria which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids. Fat cells with dark coloration due to the densely packed mitochondria. They contain numerous small lipid droplets or vacuoles. Their stored lipids can be converted directly to energy as heat by the mitochondria ." [MeSH:brown_adipose_tissue;MeSH:brown_adipocytes] synonym: "Brown adipocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Brown fat" RELATED [] synonym: "Brown fat cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000156 xref: FMA:20118 xref: FMA:83435 xref: MESH:D002001 xref: MESH:D052437 xref: UBERON:0001348 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0103 name: Bulbourethral gland def: "Glands situated on each side of the prostate that secrete a fluid component of the seminal fluid into the urethra." [MeSH:Bulbourethral_Glands] synonym: "Bulbo-urethral gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Cowper's gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Cowper's glands" RELATED [] synonym: "Cowpers gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001698 xref: FMA:9599 xref: MESH:D002030 xref: UBERON:0002366 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0110 name: Cancellous bone def: "Bone tissue that has the appearance of a sponge. The tissue is arranged as trabeculae forming a meshwork. The spaces of the meshwork are continuous and occupied by marrow and blood vessels." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Cancellated bone" RELATED [] synonym: "Spongy bone" RELATED [] synonym: "Trabecular bone" RELATED [] synonym: "Trabecular substance" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001700 xref: FMA:24019 xref: UBERON:0002483 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2011 ! Bone tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0112 name: Capillary endothelium def: "Endothelium lining capillaries." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:62114 xref: UBERON:0001915 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2006 ! Capillary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0115 name: Heart muscle cell def: "Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts." [MeSH:Cardiac_Myocytes] synonym: "Cardiac cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cardiac muscle cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cardiac myocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Cardiomyocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Heart muscle myocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Heart muscle myocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Cardiomyocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001539 xref: CL:0000746 xref: MESH:D032383 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2157 ! Striated muscle cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0440 ! Heart muscle tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0116 name: Carotid artery def: "Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery." [MeSH:Carotid_Arteries] synonym: "Carotid arteries" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000168 xref: FMA:3939 xref: MESH:D002339 xref: UBERON:0005396 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0054 ! Artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0118 name: Cartilage def: "A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of chondrocytes embedded in a matrix that includes chondroitin sulfate and various types of fibrillar collagen. There are three major types: hyaline cartilage; fibrocartilage; and elastic cartilage." [MeSH:Cartilage] xref: BTO:0000206 xref: FMA:71500 xref: MESH:D002356 xref: UBERON:0002418 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1320 ! Skeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0121 name: Caudate nucleus def: "Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain." [MeSH:Caudate_Nucleus] synonym: "Caudate" RELATED [] synonym: "Caudatus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000211 xref: FMA:61833 xref: MESH:D002421 xref: UBERON:0001873 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0122 name: Cecum def: "The blind sac or outpouching area of the large intestine that is below the entrance of the small intestine. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform appendix." [MeSH:Cecum] synonym: "Blind intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "Blindgut" RELATED [] synonym: "Caeca" RELATED [] synonym: "Caecum" RELATED [] synonym: "Ceca" RELATED [] synonym: "Intestinum caecum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000166 xref: FMA:14541 xref: MESH:D002432 xref: UBERON:0001153 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1306 ! Large intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0125 name: Cerebellum def: "The part of brain that lies behind the brain stem in the posterior base of skull (posterior cranial fossa). It is also known as the little brain with convolutions similar to those of cerebral cortex, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills." [MeSH:Cerebellum] synonym: "Cerebellar" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000232 xref: FMA:67944 xref: MESH:D002531 xref: UBERON:0002037 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/cerebellum relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2029 ! Metencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0126 name: Cerebral artery def: "The arterial blood vessels supplying the cerebrum." [MeSH:Cerebral_Arteries] xref: MESH:D002536 xref: UBERON:0004449 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0054 ! Artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0130 name: Cerebrospinal fluid def: "The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord." [NCI_Thesaurus:Cerebrospinal_fluid] synonym: "Cerebral spinal fluid" RELATED [] synonym: "CSF" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000237 xref: FMA:20935 xref: MESH:D002555 xref: UBERON:0001359 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0150 ! Central nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0134 name: Uterine cervix def: "The neck portion of the uterus between the lower isthmus and the vagina forming the cervical canal." [MeSH:Cervix_Uteri] synonym: "Cervical canal" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervical canal of uterus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervix" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervix of uterus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervix, uterine" RELATED [] synonym: "Neck of uterus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001421 xref: FMA:17740 xref: MESH:D002584 xref: UBERON:0000002 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/cervix,+uterine relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1102 ! Uterus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0137 name: Uterine cervix epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the uterine cervix. The portion of the uterine cervix epithelium that projects into the vagina is stratified squamous epithelium and the supravaginal portion is columnar epithelium." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Cervical epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervical epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervix epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervix epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of uterine cervix" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine cervix epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000241 xref: UBERON:0004801 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0134 ! Uterine cervix [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0138 name: Chondrocyte def: "Polymorphic cells that form cartilage." [MeSH:Chondrocytes] synonym: "Cartilage cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cartilage chondrocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Chondrocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000249 xref: CL:0000138 xref: FMA:66782 xref: MESH:D019902 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/soft+tissue is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0118 ! Cartilage [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0141 name: Chorioamniotic membrane def: "Amnionic and chorionic membranes considered together." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Amnionic/chorionic membrane" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000064 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0144 name: Chorionic membrane def: "The outermost extra-embryonic membrane surrounding the developing embryo. In reptiles and birds, it adheres to the shell and allows exchange of gases between the egg and its environment. In mammals, the chorion evolves into the fetal contribution of the placenta." [MeSH:Chorion] synonym: "Chorion" RELATED [] synonym: "Chorion membrane" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000252 xref: FMA:80224 xref: MESH:D002823 xref: UBERON:0003124 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0145 name: Choroid plexus def: "A villous structure of tangled masses of blood vessels contained within the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of the brain. It regulates part of the production and composition of cerebrospinal fluid." [MeSH:Choroid_Plexus] xref: BTO:0000258 xref: FMA:61934 xref: MESH:D002831 xref: UBERON:0001886 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1295 ! Ventricular system of brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0150 name: Central nervous system def: "The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges." [MeSH:Central_Nervous_System] synonym: "Cerebrospinal axis" RELATED [] synonym: "CNS" RELATED [] synonym: "Neuraxis" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000227 xref: FMA:55675 xref: MESH:D002490 xref: UBERON:0001017 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1313 ! Nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0151 name: Cochlea def: "The part of the inner ear (labyrinth) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the vestibular labyrinth." [MeSH:Cochlea] synonym: "Cochlear organ" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000267 xref: FMA:60201 xref: MESH:D003051 xref: UBERON:0001844 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2080 ! Osseous labyrinth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0152 name: Cochlear duct def: "A spiral tube that is firmly suspended in the bony shell-shaped part of the cochlea. This endolymph-filled cochlear duct begins at the vestibule and makes 2.5 turns around a core of spongy bone (the modiolus) thus dividing the perilymph-filled spiral canal into two channels, the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani." [MeSH:Cochlear_Duct] synonym: "Cochlear canal" RELATED [] synonym: "Cochlear scala media" RELATED [] synonym: "Membranous cochlea" RELATED [] synonym: "Scala media" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001692 xref: FMA:79789 xref: MESH:D003053 xref: UBERON:0001855 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0151 ! Cochlea [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0158 name: Colon def: "The segment of large intestine between the cecum and the rectum. It includes the ascending colon; the transverse colon; the descending colon; and the sigmoid colon." [MeSH:Colon] xref: BTO:0000269 xref: FMA:14543 xref: MESH:D003106 xref: UBERON:0001155 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/colon relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1306 ! Large intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0162 name: Colon endothelium def: "Endothelium found in colon blood vessels." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Colonic endothelium" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0013695 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0163 name: Colon epithelium def: "Simple columnar epithelium lining the colon." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Colon epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Colonic epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Colonic epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Colorectal epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Colorectal epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of colon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001709 xref: FMA:17302 xref: UBERON:0000397 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2105 ! Large intestine epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0164 ! Colon mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0164 name: Colon mucosa def: "Part of the large intestine mucosa lining the colon." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Colonic mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of colon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000271 xref: FMA:14984 xref: UBERON:0000317 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2106 ! Large intestine mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0165 name: Colon smooth muscle def: "Smooth muscle of colon." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Colonic smooth muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Colorectal smooth muscle" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0167 name: Colostrum def: "The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates." [MeSH:Colostrum] synonym: "First milk" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000276 xref: FMA:62101 xref: MESH:D003126 xref: UBERON:0001914 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0636 ! Milk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0171 name: Cornea def: "The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous corneal epithelium; bowman membrane; corneal stroma; descemet membrane; and mesenchymal corneal endothelium. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the sclera, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses." [MeSH:Cornea] xref: BTO:0000286 xref: FMA:58238 xref: MESH:D003315 xref: UBERON:0000964 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0172 name: Corneal endothelium def: "Single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea." [MeSH:Corneal_Endothelium] synonym: "Cornea endothelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cornea endothelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Corneal endothelial cell" RELATED [] xref: FMA:63882 xref: FMA:70614 xref: MESH:D004728 xref: UBERON:0001985 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0278 ! Endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0171 ! Cornea [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0173 name: Corneal epithelium def: "Stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. It is smooth and contains many free nerve endings." [MeSH:Corneal_Epithelium] synonym: "Cornea epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cornea epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Corneal epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of cornea" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000287 xref: FMA:58263 xref: FMA:70551 xref: MESH:D019573 xref: UBERON:0001772 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0171 ! Cornea [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0175 name: Coronary arterial endothelium def: "Endothelium lining the coronary artery." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Coronary artery endothelium" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0176 ! Coronary artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0176 name: Coronary artery def: "The veins and arteries of the heart." [MeSH:Coronary_Vessels] xref: BTO:0000290 xref: FMA:49893 xref: MESH:D003331 xref: UBERON:0001621 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0054 ! Artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0180 name: Corpus callosum def: "Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all lobes with corresponding regions of the opposite hemisphere. The corpus callosum is located deep in the longitudinal fissure." [MeSH:Corpus_Callosum] xref: BTO:0000615 xref: FMA:86464 xref: MESH:D003337 xref: UBERON:0002336 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1018 ! Telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0181 name: Corpus luteum def: "The yellow body derived from the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation. The process of corpus luteum formation, luteinization, is regulated by luteinizing hormone." [MeSH:Corpus_Luteum] synonym: "Corpora lutea" RELATED [] synonym: "Corpus luteum of ovary" RELATED [] synonym: "Yellow body of ovary" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000292 xref: FMA:18619 xref: MESH:D003338 xref: UBERON:0002512 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0730 ! Ovary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0183 name: Corpus striatum def: "Striped gray and white matter consisting of the neostriatum and paleostriatum (globus pallidus). It is located in front of and lateral to the thalamus in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the globus pallidus and putamen). The white matter is the internal capsule." [MeSH:Corpus_Striatum] synonym: "Brain striatum" RELATED [] synonym: "Striatum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001311 xref: MESH:D003342 xref: UBERON:0000369 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0190 name: Cytotoxic T-cell def: "Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (mlc), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (gvh) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (cml). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from natural killer cells and natural killer T-cells. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2." [MeSH:Cytotoxic_T-Lymphocytes] synonym: "Cytolytic T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Cytolytic T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cytolytic T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Cytotoxic T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Killer T cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Killer T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "T-cytotoxic cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000289 xref: CL:0000910 xref: FMA:70573 xref: MESH:D013602 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0193 name: Decidua placentalis def: "The hormone-responsive glandular layer of endometrium that sloughs off at each menstrual flow (decidua menstrualis) or at the termination of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the thickest part of the decidua forms the maternal portion of the placenta, thus named decidua placentalis. The thin portion of the decidua covering the rest of the embryo is the decidua capsularis." [MeSH:Decidua] synonym: "Placenta decidua cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Placenta decidual cells" RELATED [] xref: MESH:D003656 xref: UBERON:0002450 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0799 ! Placenta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0194 name: Dendritic cell def: "Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as skin and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process antigens, and present them to T-cells, thereby stimulating cell-mediated immunity. They are different from the non-hematopoietic follicular dendritic cells, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (antibody production)." [MeSH:Dendritic_Cells] synonym: "dendritic cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002042 xref: CL:0000451 xref: FMA:83036 xref: MESH:D003713 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2017 ! Hematopoietic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0195 name: Dental pulp def: "A richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity of a tooth and delimited by the dentin, and having formative, nutritive, sensory, and protective functions." [MeSH:Dental_Pulp] synonym: "Pulp of tooth" RELATED [] synonym: "Pulpa dentis" RELATED [] synonym: "Tooth pulp" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000339 xref: FMA:55631 xref: MESH:D003782 xref: UBERON:0001754 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1055 ! Tooth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0198 name: Diaphragm def: "The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inhalation." [MeSH:Diaphragm] synonym: "Diaphragm muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Diaphragmatic muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Respiratory diaphragm" RELATED [] synonym: "Thoracic diaphragm" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000341 xref: FMA:13295 xref: MESH:D003964 xref: UBERON:0001103 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0199 name: Diencephalon def: "The paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus; hypothalamus; epithalamus; and subthalamus are derived." [MeSH:Diencephalon] synonym: "Between brain" RELATED [] synonym: "Interbrain" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000342 xref: FMA:62001 xref: MESH:D004027 xref: UBERON:0001894 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0380 ! Forebrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0202 name: Distal colon def: "Includes the descending colon and sigmoid colon." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0000646 xref: UBERON:0008971 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0203 name: Distal colon epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the distal colon." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of distal colon" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0163 ! Colon epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1160 ! Distal colon mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0211 name: Ductus ejaculatorius def: "Paired structures in male anatomy. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis." [Wikipedia:Ductus_ejaculatorius] synonym: "Ejaculatory duct" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001580 xref: FMA:19325 xref: MESH:D004543 xref: UBERON:0000999 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0213 name: Duodenal mucosa def: "Part of the small intestine mucosa lining the duodenum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Duodenum mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of duodenum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000367 xref: FMA:14942 xref: UBERON:0000320 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0941 ! Small intestine mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0214 ! Duodenum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0214 name: Duodenum def: "The shortest and widest portion of the small intestine adjacent to the pylorus of the stomach. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers." [MeSH:Duodenum] xref: BTO:0000365 xref: FMA:7206 xref: MESH:D004386 xref: UBERON:0002114 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/duodenum relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0942 ! Small intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0216 name: Ectoderm def: "The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo." [MeSH:Ectoderm] synonym: "Embryonic ectoderm" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000315 xref: FMA:69070 xref: MESH:D004475 xref: UBERON:0000924 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2100 ! Embryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0229 name: Embryo def: "The entities of developing animals in early stages. This stage lasts until the end of eighth week after conception." [MeSH:Embryonic_Structures] synonym: "Embryonic" RELATED [] synonym: "Whole embryo" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000379 xref: FMA:69068 xref: MESH:D004622 xref: UBERON:0000922 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2092 ! Gestational structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0231 name: Embryonic brain def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult brain. Example: neural crest, floor plate, embryonic rhombencephalon." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0239 name: Embryonic fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from embryo." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0246 name: Embryonic head def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult head." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: UBERON:0008816 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0247 name: Embryonic heart def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult heart." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0249 name: Embryonic kidney def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult kidney." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0000007 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0252 name: Embryonic liver def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult liver." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0253 name: Embryonic lung def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult lung." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0254 name: Embryonic lung fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from embryonic lung." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0239 ! Embryonic fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0253 ! Embryonic lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0261 name: Embryonic spinal cord def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult spinal cord." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0263 name: Embryonic stem cell def: "Cells derived from the blastocyst inner cell mass which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells." [MeSH:Embryonic_Stem_Cells] synonym: "ES cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001086 xref: CL:0002322 xref: FMA:82841 xref: MESH:D053595 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2086 ! Stem cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0266 name: Embryonic testis def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult testis." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0271 name: Enamel organ def: "Epithelial cells surrounding the dental papilla and differentiated into three layers: the inner enamel epithelium, consisting of ameloblasts which eventually form the enamel, and the enamel pulp and external enamel epithelium, both of which atrophy and disappear before and upon eruption of the tooth, respectively." [MeSH:Enamel_Organ] synonym: "Dental organ" RELATED [] synonym: "Tooth enamel organ" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001722 xref: MESH:D004658 xref: UBERON:0005176 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1055 ! Tooth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0273 name: Endoderm def: "The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo." [MeSH:Endoderm] synonym: "Embryonic endoderm" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000800 xref: FMA:69071 xref: MESH:D004707 xref: UBERON:0000925 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2100 ! Embryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0276 name: Endometrium def: "The mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes that characterize menstruation. After successful fertilization, it serves to sustain the developing embryo." [MeSH:Endometrium] synonym: "Endometrial" RELATED [] synonym: "Tunica mucosa uteri" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine endometrium" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus endometrium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001422 xref: FMA:17742 xref: MESH:D004717 xref: UBERON:0001295 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1102 ! Uterus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0278 name: Endothelium def: "A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (blood vessel vascular endothelium), lymph vessels (lymphatic vessel vascular endothelium), and the serous cavities of the body." [MeSH:endothelium/neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0000393 xref: FMA:63916 xref: MESH:D004727 xref: UBERON:0001986 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0279 name: Eosinophil def: "Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin." [MeSH:Eosinophils] synonym: "Eosinophil granulocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Eosinophilic granulocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000399 xref: CL:0000771 xref: FMA:62861 xref: MESH:D004804 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0422 ! Granulocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0283 name: Epidermis def: "The external, non-vascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of epithelium: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis)." [MeSH:Epidermis] synonym: "Epiderm" RELATED [] synonym: "Skin epidermis" RELATED [] synonym: "Epidermal" RELATED [] synonym: "Epidermal cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Skin epidermal cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000404 xref: BTO:0001470 xref: FMA:70596 xref: MESH:D004817 xref: UBERON:0001003 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0285 name: Epididymis def: "The convoluted cord like structure attached to the posterior of the testis. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of spermatozoa." [MeSH:Epididymis] synonym: "Epididymal" RELATED [] synonym: "Epididymus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000408 xref: FMA:18255 xref: MESH:D004822 xref: UBERON:0001301 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/epididymis relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0288 name: Epithelium def: "One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body." [MeSH:Epithelium] synonym: "Epithelial tissue" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000416 xref: FMA:9639 xref: MESH:D004848 xref: UBERON:0000483 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0289 name: Erythroblast def: "Immature, nucleated erythrocytes occupying the stage of erythropoiesis that follows formation of erythroid precursor cells and precedes formation of reticulocytes. The normal series is called normoblasts. Cells called megaloblasts are a pathologic series of erythroblasts." [MeSH:Erythroblasts] xref: BTO:0001571 xref: CL:0000765 xref: FMA:83504 xref: MESH:D004900 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2752 ! Erythroid cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2109 ! Bone marrow hematopoietic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0290 name: Erythrocyte def: "Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen." [MeSH:Erythrocytes] synonym: "RBC" RELATED [] synonym: "Red blood cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Red blood corpuscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000424 xref: CL:0000232 xref: FMA:62845 xref: MESH:D004912 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2752 ! Erythroid cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0771 ! Peripheral blood cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0291 name: Erythropoietic cell def: "The series of cells in the red blood cell lineage at various stages of differentiation." [MeSH:Erythroid_Cells] synonym: "Erythroid" RELATED [] synonym: "Erythroid cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Erythroid lineage cell" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0304 name: Extraembryonic tissue and fluid def: "Extraembryonic tissues and extraembryonic fluids considered together." [neXtProt:PDR] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0305 name: Extraocular muscle def: "The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris." [MeSH:Oculomotor_Muscles] synonym: "EOM" RELATED [] synonym: "Extra-ocular muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Extrinsic muscle of eyeball" RELATED [] synonym: "Oculomotor muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001579 xref: FMA:49033 xref: MESH:D009801 xref: UBERON:0001601 xref: UBERON:0006531 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2454 ! Ocular adnexa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0308 name: Eye vitreous humor def: "The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina. It is contained in a thin hyoid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe." [MeSH:Vitreous_Body] synonym: "Vitreous body" RELATED [] synonym: "Vitreous humor" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001451 xref: FMA:58827 xref: MESH:D014822 xref: UBERON:0001797 xref: UBERON:0001798 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0309 name: Eye def: "The organ of sight or vision." [NCI_Thesaurus:Eye] synonym: "Ocular" RELATED [] synonym: "Oculus" RELATED [] synonym: "Visual apparatus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000439 xref: FMA:54448 xref: MESH:D005123 xref: UBERON:0000970 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2043 ! Sense organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2497 ! Ocular region relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2543 ! Visual system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0321 name: Femoral artery def: "The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery." [MeSH:Femoral_Artery] xref: BTO:0001624 xref: FMA:70248 xref: MESH:D005263 xref: UBERON:0002060 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0054 ! Artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0322 name: Femur def: "The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee." [MeSH:Femur] synonym: "Femoral bone" RELATED [] synonym: "Thighbone" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001284 xref: FMA:9611 xref: MESH:D005269 xref: UBERON:0000981 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2039 ! Thigh [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0323 name: Fetal adrenal gland def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult adrenal gland." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0325 name: Fetal astrocyte def: "Astrocyte from fetus." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0326 name: Fetal B-cell def: "B-cell from fetus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal B cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Fetal B lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Fetal B-lymphocyte" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0328 name: Fetal brain def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult brain." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Foetal brain" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0329 name: Fetal cartilage def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult cartilage." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0331 name: Fetal colon def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult colon." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2432 ! Fetal intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0334 name: Fetal eye def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult eye." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal visual apparatus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0335 name: Fetal fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from fetus." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0338 name: Fetal heart def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult heart." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:63931 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0342 name: Fetal kidney def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult kidney." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0344 name: Fetal liver def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult liver." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0345 name: Fetal lung def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult lung." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0346 name: Fetal lung fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from fetal lung." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0335 ! Fetal fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0345 ! Fetal lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0347 name: Fetal muscle def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult muscle." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0348 name: Fetal pancreas def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult pancreas." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0349 name: Fetal retina def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult retina." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0334 ! Fetal eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0351 name: Fetal skeletal muscle def: "Skeletal muscle from fetus." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0347 ! Fetal muscle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0352 name: Fetal skin def: "Skin from fetus." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0354 name: Fetal spinal cord def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult spinal cord." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal spinal column" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0355 name: Fetal spleen def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult spleen." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0356 name: Fetal sternum def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult sternum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal breastbone" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2014 ! Fetal bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0357 name: Fetal testis def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult testis." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0359 name: Fetal thymus def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult thymus." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0360 name: Fetus def: "The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after conception until birth, as distinguished from the earlier embryo, mammalian." [MeSH:Fetus] synonym: "Fetal" RELATED [] synonym: "Foetus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000449 xref: FMA:63919 xref: MESH:D005333 xref: UBERON:0000323 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2092 ! Gestational structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0362 name: Fibroblast def: "Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules." [MeSH:Fibroblasts] synonym: "Fibroblasts" RELATED [] synonym: "Soft tissue fibroblasts" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000452 xref: CL:0000057 xref: FMA:63877 xref: MESH:D005347 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/soft+tissue is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0377 name: Foot def: "The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ankle); metatarsus; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones." [MeSH:Foot] xref: BTO:0000476 xref: FMA:9664 xref: MESH:D005528 xref: UBERON:0002387 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2215 ! Lower limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0379 name: Foot sole def: "The sole is the bottom of the foot. In humans the sole of the foot is anatomically referred to as the plantar aspect." [Wikipedia:Sole_(foot)] synonym: "Foot sole tissue" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0005078 xref: FMA:25000 xref: UBERON:0008338 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0377 ! Foot [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0380 name: Forebrain def: "The anterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain arising from the neural tube. It subdivides to form diencephalon and telencephalon." [MeSH:Prosencephalon] synonym: "Prosencephalon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000478 xref: FMA:61992 xref: MESH:D016548 xref: UBERON:0001890 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0383 name: Foreskin def: "The double-layered skin fold that covers the glans penis, the head of the penis." [MeSH:Foreskin] synonym: "penile prepuce" RELATED [] synonym: "Prepuce" RELATED [] synonym: "Prepuce of penis" RELATED [] synonym: "Preputial skin" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001113 xref: FMA:19639 xref: MESH:D052816 xref: UBERON:0001332 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0758 ! Penis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0384 name: Foreskin fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from foreskin." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:1001608 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0935 ! Skin fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0383 ! Foreskin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0385 name: Foreskin keratinocyte def: "Keratinocyte from foreskin." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:1001606 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0500 ! Keratinocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0383 ! Foreskin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0389 name: Frontal lobe def: "The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere." [MeSH:Frontal_Lobe] synonym: "Brain frontal lobe" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61824 xref: MESH:D005625 xref: UBERON:0016525 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2007 ! Cerebral hemisphere [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0394 name: Gall bladder def: "A storage reservoir for bile secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the cystic duct to the duodenum, for degradation of dietary lipid." [MeSH:Gallbladder] synonym: "Gallbladder" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000493 xref: FMA:7202 xref: MESH:D005704 xref: UBERON:0002110 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/gallbladder relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1308 ! Liver and biliary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0395 name: Gamete def: "Haploid cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Is a mature germ cell." [Wikipedia:Gamete;neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Haploid germ cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000300 xref: FMA:18649 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0411 ! Germ cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0397 name: Ganglion def: "Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized connective tissue located outside the central nervous system." [MeSH:Ganglia] synonym: "Ganglia" RELATED [] synonym: "Neural ganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "Peripheral ganglion" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000497 xref: FMA:5884 xref: MESH:D005724 xref: UBERON:0000045 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/soft+tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0808 ! Peripheral nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0404 name: Stomach mucosa def: "Lining of the stomach, consisting of an inner epithelium, a middle lamina propria, and an outer muscularis mucosae. The surface cells produce mucus that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the lamina propria at various region of the stomach (cardia; gastric fundus; and pylorus), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, hydrochloric acid, or hormones." [MeSH:Gastric_Mucosa] synonym: "Gastric mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of stomach" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001308 xref: FMA:14907 xref: MESH:D005753 xref: UBERON:0001199 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0980 ! Stomach [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0407 name: Gastrointestinal tract def: "Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver; biliary tract; pancreas)." [MeSH:Gastrointestinal_Tract] synonym: "Gastro-intestinal system" RELATED [] synonym: "Gastrointestinal system" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000511 xref: FMA:71132 xref: MESH:D041981 xref: UBERON:0005409 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1293 ! Alimentary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0411 name: Germ cell def: "The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during gametogenesis." [MeSH:Germ_Cells] xref: BTO:0000535 xref: CL:0000586 xref: MESH:D005854 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0415 name: Glial cell def: "The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear." [MeSH:Neuroglia] synonym: "Glia" RELATED [] synonym: "Glia cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Glial" RELATED [] synonym: "Nerve cement" RELATED [] synonym: "Neuroglia" RELATED [] synonym: "Neuroglia cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Neuroglial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002606 xref: CL:0000125 xref: FMA:54536 xref: MESH:D009457 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2040 ! Nervous system cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0422 name: Granulocyte def: "Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the neutrophils; eosinophils; and basophils." [MeSH:Granulocytes] synonym: "Granular leucocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Granular leukocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Polymorphonuclear leukocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Granulocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000539 xref: CL:0000094 xref: FMA:62854 xref: MESH:D006098 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2367 ! Myeloid leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0430 name: Hair def: "A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the skin from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a hair follicle. It is found on most surfaces of the body. They consist of three layers: the medulla, the cortex, and the cuticle." [MeSH:Hair and isbn:0781767903] synonym: "cells in cortex/medulla" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001501 xref: FMA:53667 xref: MESH:D006197 xref: UBERON:0001037 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0051 ! Skin appendage [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0431 name: Dermal papilla def: "A projection of the dermis into the epidermis." [NCI_Thesaurus:Dermal_papilla] synonym: "Dermal papillae" RELATED [] synonym: "Hair follicle dermal papilla" RELATED [] synonym: "Hair follicle dermal papillae" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001858 xref: FMA:70737 xref: UBERON:0000412 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0430 ! Hair relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2076 ! Dermis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0432 name: Hair follicle def: "A tube-like invagination of the epidermis from which the hair shaft develops and into which sebaceous glands open. The hair follicle is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis. Follicles of very long hairs extend into the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the skin." [MeSH:Hair_Follicle] synonym: "Follicle of hair" RELATED [] synonym: "Hair follicles" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000554 xref: FMA:70660 xref: MESH:D018859 xref: UBERON:0002073 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0051 ! Skin appendage relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0433 name: Hair root def: "The hair root or bulb is the inferior segment of the hair follicle. The base of the bulb is invaginated by the dermal papilla." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Radix pili" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000555 xref: FMA:70730 xref: UBERON:0000329 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0432 ! Hair follicle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0436 name: Head def: "The anterior and superior part of a human bearing the mouth, the brain and sensory organs." [NCI_Thesaurus:Head] xref: BTO:0000282 xref: FMA:7154 xref: MESH:D006257 xref: UBERON:0000033 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2356 ! Head and neck [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0437 name: Heart atrium def: "The chambers of the heart, to which the blood returns from the circulation." [MeSH:Heart_Atria] synonym: "Atrial tissue of heart" RELATED [] synonym: "Atrium of heart" RELATED [] synonym: "Cardiac atrial" RELATED [] synonym: "Cardiac atrium" RELATED [] synonym: "Heart atria" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000903 xref: FMA:7099 xref: MESH:D006325 xref: UBERON:0002081 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0445 ! Heart [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0439 name: Heart left ventricle def: "The left ventricle is one of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) in the human heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the mitral valve, and pumps it into the aorta via the aortic valve." [Wikipedia:Left_Ventricle] synonym: "Cardiac left ventricle" RELATED [] synonym: "Left heart ventricle" RELATED [] synonym: "Left ventricle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001629 xref: FMA:7101 xref: UBERON:0002084 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0444 ! Heart ventricle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0440 name: Heart muscle tissue def: "The muscle tissue of the heart. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (myocytes, cardiac) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow." [MeSH:Myocardium] synonym: "Cardiac muscle tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "cardiac muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium" RELATED [] synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium" RELATED [] synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "heart muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000199 xref: FMA:14068 xref: UBERON:0001133 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/heart+muscle is_a: CALOHA:TS-2047 ! Striated muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0445 ! Heart [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0443 name: Heart right ventricle def: "The right ventricle is one of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) in the human heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve, and pumps it into the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk." [Wikipedia:Right_Ventricles] synonym: "Cardiac right ventricle" RELATED [] synonym: "Right heart ventricle" RELATED [] synonym: "Right ventricle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001630 xref: FMA:7098 xref: UBERON:0002080 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0444 ! Heart ventricle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0444 name: Heart ventricle def: "The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous blood into the lungs and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation." [MeSH:Heart_Ventricles] synonym: "Cardiac ventricle" RELATED [] synonym: "Heart ventrical" RELATED [] synonym: "lower chamber of heart" RELATED [] synonym: "Ventricle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000862 xref: FMA:7100 xref: MESH:D006352 xref: UBERON:0002082 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0445 ! Heart [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0445 name: Heart def: "The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood." [MeSH:Heart] synonym: "Cardiac" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000562 xref: FMA:7088 xref: MESH:D006321 xref: UBERON:0000948 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1297 ! Cardiovascular system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0448 name: Hematopoietic stem cell def: "Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive." [MeSH:Hematopoietic_Stem_Cells] synonym: "Bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Haematopoietic stem cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000725 xref: CL:0000037 xref: FMA:86475 xref: MESH:D006412 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2086 ! Stem cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2109 ! Bone marrow hematopoietic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0449 name: Hematopoietic and immune systems def: "Tissues and organs involved in blood cell production and immune response." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Haematopoietic" RELATED [] synonym: "Haematopoietic system" RELATED [] synonym: "Hematopoietic" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000570 xref: FMA:9667 xref: UBERON:0002390 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2018 ! Hemolymphoid and immune system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0452 name: Hepatic stellate cell def: "A star-shaped cell in the liver associated with the development of fibrosis. When stellate cells are activated in response to an injury, they proliferate and synthesize large amounts of extracellular matrix which results in deposition of scar or fibrous tissue. Perisinusoidal cells of the liver, located in the space of Disse between hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells." [NCI_Thesaurus:Hepatic_Stellate_Cell;MeSH:Hepatic_Stellate_Cells] synonym: "hepatic perisinusoidal cell" RELATED [] synonym: "hepatic stellate cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Ito cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Ito cells" RELATED [] synonym: "liver stellate cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002741 xref: CL:0000632 xref: MESH:D055166 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0564 ! Liver [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0454 name: Hepatocyte def: "The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules." [MeSH:Hepatocytes] synonym: "Hepatic parenchymal cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Hepatocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Liver parenchymal cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000575 xref: CL:0000182 xref: FMA:14515 xref: MESH:D022781 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0564 ! Liver [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0457 name: Hindbrain def: "It consists of the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, pons and the fourth ventricle." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Rhombencephalon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000672 xref: FMA:67687 xref: MESH:D012249 xref: UBERON:0002028 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0460 name: Hippocampus def: "Located in the medial temporal lobes, surrounded by the entorhinal, parahippocampal and perirhinal cortices, lies the hippocampus. The hippocampus belongs to the limbic system. The dorsal part is involved in episodic memory and spatial navigation, while the ventral hippocampus is implicated in emotion-related connections. The hippocampus is made up of four regions or subfields: CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 which use the initials of Cornu Ammonis, an earlier name of the hippocampus. The term hippocampus is often used synonymously with hippocampal formation." [Wikipedia and HPA:Hippocampus] synonym: "Brain hippocampus" RELATED [] synonym: "Hippocampus proper" RELATED [] synonym: "Cornu ammonis" RELATED [] synonym: "Ammon's horn" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003705 xref: FMA:62493 xref: MESH:D006624 xref: UBERON:0001954 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/hippocampus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2449 ! Hippocampal formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0469 name: Hypothalamus def: "The hypothalamus is located in the middle of the base of the brain, and it encapsulates the ventral portion of the third ventricle. It coordinates most endocrine functions of the body and serves as one of the major controlling centers of the autonomic nervous system. Some of the functions that it regulates include blood pressure, body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance, body weight, and apetite." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Hypothalamic" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000614 xref: FMA:62008 xref: MESH:D007031 xref: UBERON:0001898 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0199 ! Diencephalon relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1307 ! Limbic system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0470 name: Ileal mucosa def: "Part of the small intestine mucosa lining the ileum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Ileum mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of ileum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000619 xref: FMA:14956 xref: UBERON:0000331 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0941 ! Small intestine mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0472 ! Ileum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0472 name: Ileum def: "The distal and narrowest portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the ileocecal valve of the large intestine." [MeSH:Ileum] synonym: "Ilea" RELATED [] synonym: "Ileal" RELATED [] synonym: "Intestinal ileum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000620 xref: FMA:7208 xref: MESH:D007082 xref: UBERON:0002116 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0942 ! Small intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0478 name: Inner ear def: "The essential part of the hearing organ consists of two labyrinthine compartments: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth is a complex of three interconnecting cavities or spaces (cochlea; vestibular labyrinth; and semicircular canals) in the temporal bone. Within the bony labyrinth lies the membranous labyrinth which is a complex of sacs and tubules (cochlear duct; saccule and utricle; and semicircular ducts) forming a continuous space enclosed by epithelium and connective tissue. These spaces are filled with labyrinthine fluids of various compositions." [MeSH:Inner_Ear] synonym: "Internal ear" RELATED [] synonym: "Labyrinth" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000630 xref: FMA:60909 xref: MESH:D007758 xref: UBERON:0001846 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1165 ! Ear [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0479 name: Inner ear vestibule def: "An oval, bony chamber of the inner ear, part of the bony labyrinth. It is continuous with bony cochlea anteriorly, and semicircular canals posteriorly. The vestibule contains two communicating sacs (utricle and saccule) of the balancing apparatus. The oval window on its lateral wall is occupied by the base of the stapes of the middle ear." [MeSH:Vestibule_Labyrinth] synonym: "Bony labyrinth vestibule" RELATED [] synonym: "Inner ear vestibulum" RELATED [] synonym: "Osseous labyrinth vestibule" RELATED [] synonym: "Vestibular labyrinth" RELATED [] synonym: "Vestibule" RELATED [] synonym: "vestibule of bony labyrinth" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003382 xref: FMA:60183 xref: MESH:D014722 xref: UBERON:0001862 xref: UBERON:0005236 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2080 ! Osseous labyrinth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0487 name: Intestinal epithelium def: "Simple columnar epithelium, non-ciliated." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "Intestinal epithelial lining" RELATED [] synonym: "Intestinal epithelium lining" RELATED [] synonym: "Intestine epithelium" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0488 name: Intestinal mucosa def: "Lining of the intestines, consisting of an inner epithelium, a middle lamina propria, and an outer muscularis mucosae. In the small intestine, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (enterocytes) with microvilli." [MeSH:Intestinal_Mucosa] synonym: "mucosa of intestine" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0490 name: Intestine def: "The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine." [MeSH:Intestines] synonym: "Bowel" RELATED [] synonym: "Intestinal" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000648 xref: FMA:7199 xref: MESH:D007422 xref: UBERON:0000160 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0407 ! Gastrointestinal tract [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0491 name: Iris def: "The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium." [MeSH:Iris] xref: BTO:0000653 xref: FMA:58235 xref: MESH:D007498 xref: UBERON:0001769 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0494 name: Jejunal epithelium def: "Part of the small intestine epithelium lining the jejunum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of jejunum" RELATED [] synonym: "Jejunum epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001743 xref: FMA:17232 xref: UBERON:0000400 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2104 ! Small intestine epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0495 ! Jejunal mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0495 name: Jejunal mucosa def: "Part of the small intestine mucosa lining the jejunum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Mucosa of jejunum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001742 xref: FMA:14949 xref: UBERON:0000399 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0941 ! Small intestine mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0496 ! Jejunum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0496 name: Jejunum def: "The middle portion of the small intestine, between duodenum and ileum. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum." [MeSH:Jejunum] xref: BTO:0000657 xref: FMA:7207 xref: MESH:D007583 xref: UBERON:0002115 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0942 ! Small intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0497 name: Jugular vein def: "Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins." [MeSH:Jugular_Veins] synonym: "Jugular" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001744 xref: MESH:D007601 xref: UBERON:0004711 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1108 ! Vein [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0498 name: Jugular vein endothelium def: "Endothelium lining the jugular vein." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0497 ! Jugular vein [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0500 name: Keratinocyte def: "Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell." [MeSH:Keratinocytes] synonym: "Epidermal keratinocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Keratinocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Skin keratinocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Skin keratinocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000667 xref: CL:0000312 xref: FMA:62879 xref: MESH:D015603 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0503 name: Kidney cortex def: "The outer zone of the kidney, beneath the capsule, consisting of kidney glomerulus; kidney tubules, distal; and kidney tubules, proximal." [MeSH:Kidney_Cortex] synonym: "Cortex of kidney" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal cortex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001166 xref: FMA:15581 xref: MESH:D007672 xref: UBERON:0001225 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0510 ! Kidney [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0504 name: Renal distal tubule def: "The portion of renal tubule that begins from the enlarged segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It reenters the kidney cortex and forms the convoluted segments of the distal tubule." [MeSH:Distal_Kidney_Tubules] synonym: "Kidney distal convoluted tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney distal tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney distal tubules" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal distal convoluted tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Distal tubular cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000482 xref: MESH:D007686 xref: UBERON:0004135 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1262 ! Renal tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0505 name: Kidney epithelium def: "Depending on the kidney structure the epithelium is simple cuboidal (with or without microvilli) or simple squamous." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of kidney" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000059 xref: UBERON:0004819 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0510 ! Kidney [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0506 name: Kidney inner medulla def: "The part of the renal medulla that is farthest from the cortex. Each pyramid of the kidney medulla is dived into an outer medulla (adjacent to the cortex) and an inner medulla. The outer medulla is subdivided into an inner stripe and outer stripe." [EV:0100508;ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Inner medulla of kidney" RELATED [] synonym: "Inner zone of renal medulla" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal inner medulla" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001745 xref: FMA:17734 xref: UBERON:0001294 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1157 ! Kidney medulla [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0508 name: Kidney outer medulla def: "The part of the renal medulla that is nearest to the cortex. Each pyramid of the kidney medulla is dived into an outer medulla (adjacent to the cortex) and an inner medulla. The outer medulla is subdivided into an inner stripe and outer stripe." [EV:0100509;ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Outer medulla of kidney" RELATED [] synonym: "Outer zone of renal medulla" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal outer medulla" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001746 xref: FMA:17733 xref: UBERON:0001293 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1157 ! Kidney medulla [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0509 name: Renal proximal tubule def: "The renal tubule portion that extends from the bowman capsule in the kidney cortex into the kidney medulla. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped loop of Henle." [MeSH:Proximal_Kidney_Tubules] synonym: "Kidney proximal tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Proximal tubular cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001498 xref: MESH:D007687 xref: UBERON:0004134 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1262 ! Renal tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0510 name: Kidney def: "Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of urine and that regulates ion concentrations." [MeSH:Kidney] synonym: "Renal" RELATED [] synonym: "Adult mammalian kidney" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000671 xref: FMA:7203 xref: MESH:D007668 xref: UBERON:0000082 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/kidney relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1323 ! Urinary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0512 name: Lacrimal gland def: "The tear-forming and tear-conducting system which includes the lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system." [MeSH:Lacrimal_Apparatus] synonym: "Tear gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000044 xref: FMA:59101 xref: MESH:D007765 xref: UBERON:0001817 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2454 ! Ocular adnexa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0513 name: Lactating mammary gland def: "Mammary gland in period of lactation." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Lactating breast" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0595 ! Mammary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0532 name: Larynx def: "A tubular organ of voice production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the trachea and inferior to the tongue and hyoid bone." [MeSH:Larynx] xref: BTO:0001208 xref: FMA:55097 xref: MESH:D007830 xref: UBERON:0001737 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1319 ! Respiratory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0542 name: Lens cortex def: "The portion of the crystalline lens surrounding the nucleus and bound anteriorly by the epithelium and posteriorly by the capsule. It contains lens fibers and amorphous, intercellular substance." [MeSH:Crystalline_Lens_Cortex] synonym: "Crystalline lens cortex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001632 xref: FMA:58970 xref: MESH:D007904 xref: UBERON:0000389 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0545 ! Lens [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0543 name: Lens epithelium def: "Simple cuboidal epithelium located in the anterior portion of the lens between the lens capsule and the lens fibers. The lens epithelium regulates homeostatic functions of the lens. Lens epithelial cells differentiate into lens fibers." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of lens" RELATED [] synonym: "Lens epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001873 xref: FMA:58871 xref: UBERON:0001803 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0545 ! Lens [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0544 name: Lens fibers def: "One of the three principal components of the lens (the others being the lens capsule and subcapsular epithelium). They develop from the subcapsular epithelial cells. The lens fibers form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells, firmly packed. As they developed they lose their nucleus and other organelles and become filled with crystallin protein." [ISBN:978-0781750561;Wikipedia:Lens_anatomy] xref: BTO:0000724 xref: FMA:76827 xref: UBERON:0002444 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0545 ! Lens [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0545 name: Lens def: "A transparent, biconvex structure of the eye, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the iris and in front of the vitreous humor (vitreous body). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the ciliary body is crucial for ocular accommodation." [MeSH:Crystalline_Lens] synonym: "Crystalline lens" RELATED [] synonym: "Eye lens" RELATED [] synonym: "Ocular lens" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000723 xref: FMA:58241 xref: MESH:D007908 xref: UBERON:0000965 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0546 name: Leptomeninges def: "The two innermost layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater." [NCI_Thesaurus:Leptomeninges] synonym: "Leptomeninx" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001634 xref: FMA:231515 xref: UBERON:0000391 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1177 ! Meninges [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0549 name: Leukocyte def: "White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils; eosinophils; and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes)." [MeSH:Leukocytes] synonym: "Leucocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "White blood cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000751 xref: CL:0000738 xref: FMA:62852 xref: MESH:D007962 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2017 ! Hematopoietic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0552 name: Limb def: "A body region referring to an upper or lower extremity." [NCI_Thesaurus:Limb] synonym: "Extremity" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001492 xref: FMA:7182 xref: MESH:D005121 xref: UBERON:0002101 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2084 ! Body part [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0558 name: Lip def: "Either of the two fleshy, full-blooded margins of the mouth." [MeSH:Lip] xref: BTO:0001647 xref: FMA:59816 xref: MESH:D008046 xref: UBERON:0001833 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0564 name: Liver def: "A triangular-shaped organ located under the diaphragm in the right hypochondrium. It is the largest internal organ of the body, weighting up to 2 kg. Metabolism and bile secretion are its main functions. It is composed of cells which have the ability to regenerate." [NCI_Thesaurus:Liver] synonym: "Hepatic" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000759 xref: FMA:7197 xref: MESH:D008099 xref: UBERON:0002107 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/liver relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1308 ! Liver and biliary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0568 name: Lung def: "Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood." [MeSH:Lung] xref: BTO:0000763 xref: FMA:7195 xref: MESH:D008168 xref: UBERON:0002048 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/lung relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1319 ! Respiratory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0570 name: Bronchiolar epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the bronchioles. The larger bionchioles have a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium that gradually transforms to a simple ciliated columnar epithelium as the duct narows. Small bronchioles have a simple cuboidal epithelium. The terminal bronchioles have a simple cuboidal epithelium in which Clara cells are found among the ciliated cells." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Bronchiolar epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of bronchiole" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001866 xref: FMA:69077 xref: UBERON:0002051 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0023 ! Airway epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2003 ! Bronchiole [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0573 name: Lung endothelium def: "Endothelium found in lung blood vessels." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0004128 xref: UBERON:0013479 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0575 name: Lung fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from lung." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0000764 xref: CL:0002553 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0362 ! Fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0576 name: Lung macrophage def: "Circulating macrophages and tissue macrophages (alveolar macrophages) of lung." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Lung macrophages" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001603 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0587 ! Macrophage relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0579 name: Lymph node def: "They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system. A bean-shaped organ surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. It is part of the lymphatic system and is found through out the body. It is composed predominantly of lymphocytes and its main function is immune protection." [MeSH:lymph_nodes;NCI_Thesaurus:Lymph_Node] synonym: "Lymph gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000784 xref: FMA:5034 xref: MESH:D008198 xref: UBERON:0000029 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/lymph+node is_a: CALOHA:TS-0584 ! Lymphoid tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0580 name: Lymph def: "A clear, transparent, sometimes faintly yellow and slightly opalescent fluid that is collected from the tissues throughout the body, flows in the lymphatic vessels (through the lymph nodes), and is eventually added to the venous blood circulation. Lymph consists of a clear liquid portion, varying numbers of white blood cells (chiefly lymphocytes), and a few red blood cells." [NCI_Thesaurus:Lymph] synonym: "Lymphatic fluid" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000855 xref: FMA:9671 xref: MESH:D008196 xref: UBERON:0002391 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2024 ! Lymphatic system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0581 name: Lymphoblast def: "An immature lymphocyte that has enlarged in response to antigenic stimulation." [NCI_Thesaurus:Lymphoblast] synonym: "Lymphoblast cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymphoblastoid" RELATED [] synonym: "Transformed lymphocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000772 xref: CL:0000229 xref: FMA:83030 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1238 ! Lymphoid cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2109 ! Bone marrow hematopoietic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0583 name: Lymphocyte def: "White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or natural killer cells." [MeSH:Lymphocytes] xref: BTO:0000775 xref: CL:0000542 xref: FMA:62863 xref: MESH:D008214 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1238 ! Lymphoid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0584 name: Lymphoid tissue def: "Specialized tissues that provide fixed locations within the body where a variety of lymphocytes can form, mature and multiply. The lymphoid tissues are connected by a network of lymphatic vessels." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Lymphatic tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymphoid" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymphoreticular system" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000753 xref: FMA:55220 xref: MESH:D008221 xref: UBERON:0001744 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0449 ! Hematopoietic and immune systems [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0587 name: Macrophage def: "The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood monocytes. Main types are peritoneal macrophages; alveolar macrophages; histiocytes; kupffer cells of the liver; and osteoclasts. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to epithelioid cells or may fuse to form foreign body giant cells or langhans giant cells." [MeSH:Macrophages] synonym: "Macrophages" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000801 xref: CL:0000235 xref: FMA:63261 xref: MESH:D008264 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2367 ! Myeloid leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0593 name: Mammary epithelium def: "The epithelium that lines the lactiferous ducts and the secretory alveoli. The mammary epithelium in the lactiferous duct is a two layered epithelium. The basal cells are cuboidal and the superficial cells are columnar. Branches of the lactiferous duct are lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium. The secretory alveoli are lined by a cuboidal or columnar epithelium. During the first half of pregnancy, the epithelium undergoes considerable growth leading to the formation of new terminal branches of ducts and of alveoli. The mammary glands continue to grow during the second half of pregnancy due to increases in the height of epithelial cells and an expansion of the lumen of the alveoli. Glandular tissue in the breast of human that is under the influence of hormones such as estrogens; progestins; and prolactin. In women, after parturition, the mammary glands secrete milk for the nourishment of the young." [MeSH:human_mammary_epithelia;NCI_Thesaurus:Mammary_Epithelium] synonym: "Epithelium of mammary gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Mammary epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001430 xref: FMA:74445 xref: MESH:D042361 xref: UBERON:0003244 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0595 ! Mammary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0594 name: Mammary fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from breast." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Breast fibroblast" RELATED [] synonym: "Mammary gland fibroblast" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002555 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0362 ! Fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2083 ! Breast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0595 name: Mammary gland def: "Glandular tissue in the breast of human that is under the influence of hormones such as estrogens, progestins and prolactin. In women, after parturition, the mammary glands secrete milk for the nourishment of the young." [MeSH:Human_Mammary_Glands] synonym: "Mammary" RELATED [] synonym: "Mammary glands" RELATED [] synonym: "Thoracic mammary" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000817 xref: FMA:57983 xref: MESH:D042361 xref: UBERON:0005200 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/breast is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2083 ! Breast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0603 name: Mast cell def: "Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the basophils, mast cells contain large amounts of histamine and heparin. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the stem cell factor." [MeSH:Mast_Cells] synonym: "Mastocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000830 xref: CL:0000097 xref: FMA:66784 xref: MESH:D008407 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2367 ! Myeloid leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0607 name: Medulla oblongata def: "The lower portion of the brain stem. It is inferior to the pons and anterior to the cerebellum. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities." [MeSH:medulla_oblongata] synonym: "Bulb" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000041 xref: FMA:62004 xref: MESH:D008526 xref: UBERON:0001896 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2562 ! Pons and medulla oblongata relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0457 ! Hindbrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0610 name: Megakaryoblast def: "The parent cells that give rise to cells in the megakaryocyte lineage, and ultimately blood platelets." [MeSH:Megakaryocyte_Progenitor_Cells] synonym: "Megacaryoblast" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001164 xref: CL:0000553 xref: FMA:84235 xref: MESH:D055016 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0647 ! Myeloid cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2109 ! Bone marrow hematopoietic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0611 name: Megakaryocyte def: "Very large bone marrow cells which release mature blood platelets." [MeSH:Megakaryocytes] xref: BTO:0000843 xref: CL:0000556 xref: FMA:83555 xref: MESH:D008533 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0647 ! Myeloid cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2109 ! Bone marrow hematopoietic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0613 name: Melanocyte def: "Mammalian pigment cells that produce melanins, pigments found mainly in the epidermis, but also in the eyes and the hair, by a process called melanogenesis. Coloration can be altered by the number of melanocytes or the amount of pigment produced and stored in the organelles called melanosomes. The large non-mammalian melanin-containing cells are called melanophores." [MeSH:Melanocytes] synonym: "Melanocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000847 xref: CL:0000148 xref: FMA:70545 xref: MESH:D008544 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0617 name: Mesangial cell def: "Smooth muscle-like cells adhering to the wall of the small blood vessels of the kidney at the glomerulus and along the vascular pole of the glomerulus in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are myofibroblasts with contractile and phagocytic properties. These cells and their mesangial extracellular matrix constitute the glomerular mesangium." [MeSH:Mesangial_Cells] synonym: "Glomerular mesangial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Mesangial cell of glomerulus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000853 xref: CL:0000650 xref: FMA:70972 xref: MESH:D050527 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0862 ! Renal glomerulus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0618 name: Mesenchymal stem cell def: "Cells that can develop into distinct mesenchymal tissue such as bone; tendons; muscles; adipose tissue; cartilage; nerve tissue; and blood and blood vessels." [MeSH:Mesenchymal_Stem_Cells] synonym: "MSC stem cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Multipotent MSC stem cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Mesenchymal cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002625 xref: BTO:0003298 xref: CL:0000134 xref: FMA:70546 xref: MESH:D044982 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2086 ! Stem cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0620 name: Mesenchyme def: "Mesenchyme is a type of tissue characterized by loosely associated cells that lack polarity and are surrounded by a large extracellular matrix. Mesenchymal cells are able to develop into the tissues of the lymphatic and circulatory systems, as well as connective tissues throughout the body, such as bone and cartilage." [Wikipedia:Mesenchyme] synonym: "mesenchyme tissue" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001393 xref: UBERON:0003104 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0623 name: Mesoderm def: "The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube." [MeSH:Mesoderm] synonym: "Embryonic mesoderm" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000839 xref: FMA:69072 xref: MESH:D008648 xref: UBERON:0000926 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2100 ! Embryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0624 name: Mesonephros def: "One of a pair of excretory organs (mesonephroi) which grow caudally to the first pair (pronephroi) during development. Mesonephroi are the permanent kidneys in adult amphibians and fish. In higher vertebrates, proneprhoi and most of mesonephroi degenerate with the appearance of metanephroi. The remaining ducts become wolffian ducts." [MeSH:Mesonephros] synonym: "Mesonephron" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001542 xref: FMA:72171 xref: MESH:D008650 xref: UBERON:0000080 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0249 ! Embryonic kidney [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0627 name: Microglia def: "The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling." [MeSH:Microglia] synonym: "microglial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "microglial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "microgliocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000078 xref: CL:0000129 xref: FMA:54539 xref: MESH:D017628 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-0587 ! Macrophage [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0630 name: Midbrain def: "The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the pons and the diencephalon. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal tectum mesencephali and the ventral tegmentum mesencephali, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems." [MeSH:Mesencephalon] synonym: "Mesencephalon" RELATED [] synonym: "Mid-brain" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000138 xref: FMA:61993 xref: MESH:D008636 xref: UBERON:0001891 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0631 name: Middle ear mucosa def: "One of the three layers of the tympanic membrane, the others being the skin of the external ear canal and the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers." [ISBN:978-0781750561;MeSH:Middle_Ear] synonym: "Mucosa of middle ear" RELATED [] xref: FMA:59663 xref: UBERON:0005026 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2233 ! Middle ear [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0636 name: Milk def: "The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals." [MeSH:Milk] xref: BTO:0000868 xref: FMA:62100 xref: MESH:D008892 xref: UBERON:0001913 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2057 ! Exocrine system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0637 name: Molar def: "The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces." [MeSH:Molar] synonym: "Dens molaris" RELATED [] synonym: "Molar tooth" RELATED [] synonym: "Molaris" RELATED [] synonym: "Multicuspid tooth" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001759 xref: FMA:55638 xref: MESH:D008963 xref: UBERON:0003655 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1055 ! Tooth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0638 name: Monocyte def: "Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles." [MeSH:Monocytes] synonym: "Monocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000876 xref: CL:0000576 xref: FMA:62864 xref: MESH:D009000 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2367 ! Myeloid leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0642 name: Muscle tissue def: "Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals." [MeSH:Muscles] synonym: "Muscle tissue" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000887 xref: FMA:9641 xref: MESH:D009132 xref: UBERON:0002385 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2724 ! Muscular system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0643 name: Muscle fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from muscle organ." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:1001609 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0362 ! Fibroblast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0647 name: Myeloid cell def: "The classes of bone marrow-derived blood cells in the monocytic series (monocytes and their precursors) and granulocytic series (granulocytes and their precursors)." [MeSH:Myeloid_Cells] synonym: "Myeloid" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001441 xref: CL:0000763 xref: MESH:D022423 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2017 ! Hematopoietic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0650 name: Myoblast def: "Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes." [MeSH:Myoblasts] xref: BTO:0000222 xref: CL:0000056 xref: FMA:70335 xref: MESH:D032446 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2032 ! Muscle cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2086 ! Stem cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0652 name: Myometrium def: "The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ." [MeSH:Myometrium] synonym: "Smooth muscle myometrium" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine smooth muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000907 xref: FMA:17743 xref: MESH:D009215 xref: UBERON:0001296 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1102 ! Uterus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0655 name: Nasal cartilage def: "Hyaline cartilages in the nose. There are five major nasal cartilages including two lateral, two alar, and one septal." [MeSH:Nasal_Cartilages] synonym: "cartilage of nose" RELATED [] xref: FMA:59502 xref: MESH:D055171 xref: UBERON:0001823 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0118 ! Cartilage relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2037 ! Nose [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0656 name: Nasal epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the nose. Each nose chamber is divided into three regions: vestibule, respiratory segment and olfactory segment. The vestibule is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. Where the vestibule ends, the stratified squamous epithelium becomes thinner and undergoes a transition to the pseudostratified epithelium that characterizes the respiratory segment. The ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the respiratory segment is composed of ciliated cells, goblet cells, brush cells, small granule cells and basal cells. The epithelium of the respiratory segment of the nasal cavity is essentially the same as the epithelium lining most of the parts that follow in the conducting system. The olfactory epithelium lining the olfactory segment of the nasal cavity, like the epithelium of the respiratory segment, is also pseudostratified but contains different cell types: bipolar neurons olfactory cells, supporting or sustentacular cells, basal cells and brush cells. The mucous lining of the nasal cavity, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the olfactory mucosa. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, goblet cells, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (stem cells) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells." [ISBN:978-0781750561;MeSH:Nasal_Mucosa] synonym: "Epithelium of nose" RELATED [] synonym: "Nasal cavity mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Nasal cavity epithelium" RELATED [] xref: FMA:63140 xref: UBERON:0005384 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0023 ! Airway epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0657 ! Nasal mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0657 name: Nasal mucosa def: "Mucosa that lines the nasal cavity." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Mucosa of nose" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucous membrane of nose" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000912 xref: FMA:59684 xref: MESH:D009297 xref: UBERON:0001826 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2037 ! Nose [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0658 name: Nasal mucus def: "Mucus secreted by the nasal mucosa." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:83688 xref: UBERON:0002306 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2144 ! Mucus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0657 ! Nasal mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0660 name: Nasal vestibule def: "One of the three regions of a nose chamber (the others being the respiratory segment and the olfactory segment). It communicates with the external environment, and contains hairs and sebaceous glands for filtration and entrapment of particulate matter." [ISBN:978-0781750561] xref: BTO:0001761 xref: FMA:59644 xref: UBERON:0000402 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2037 ! Nose [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0662 name: Nasopharyngeal epithelium def: "The two main types of epithelia lining the nasopharynx are stratified squamous (comprising approximately 60% of nasopharyngeal epithelium) and pseudostratified columnar respiratory-type epithelium containing ciliated cells, gobletcells and basal cells. The interphase between these two epithelia is sharp in some areas with an intermediate epithelium intervening in other areas." [HPA:nasopharynx] synonym: "Epithelium of nasopharynx" RELATED [] synonym: "Nasopharynx epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004480 xref: FMA:62452 xref: UBERON:0001951 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0023 ! Airway epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0663 ! Nasopharynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0663 name: Nasopharynx def: "The top portion of the pharynx situated posterior to the nose and superior to the soft palate. The nasopharynx is the posterior extension of the nasal cavities and has a respiratory function." [MeSH:Nasopharynx] synonym: "Rhinopharynx" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000662 xref: FMA:54878 xref: MESH:D009305 xref: UBERON:0001728 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/nasopharynx relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0785 ! Pharynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0664 name: Natural killer cell def: "Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T cells and B cells NK cells are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory cell surface receptors. A subset of T-lymphocytes referred to as natural killer T cells shares some of the properties of this cell type." [MeSH:Natural_Killer_Cells] synonym: "NK cell" RELATED [] synonym: "NK-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "NK lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "NK-cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000914 xref: CL:0000623 xref: FMA:63147 xref: MESH:D007694 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1238 ! Lymphoid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0676 name: Neural crest def: "The two longitudinal ridges along the primitive streak appearing near the end of gastrulation during development of nervous system (neurulation). The ridges are formed by folding of neural plate. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the neural tube." [MeSH:Neural_Crest] xref: BTO:0001764 xref: FMA:86666 xref: MESH:D009432 xref: UBERON:0002342 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2110 ! Embryonic structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0682 name: Neuroepithelium def: "Cells of epithelial origin possessing specialized sensory functions. They include cells that are found in the taste buds; olfactory mucosa; cochlea; and neuroepithelial bodies." [MeSH:Neuroepithelial_Cells] synonym: "Neuroepithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Sensory epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000314 xref: FMA:62410 xref: MESH:D046569 xref: UBERON:0006934 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2043 ! Sense organ [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0683 name: Neuron def: "The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system." [MeSH:Neurons] synonym: "Neuronal cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000938 xref: CL:0000540 xref: FMA:54527 xref: MESH:D009474 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2040 ! Nervous system cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0685 name: Neuroretina def: "The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells." [UBERON:0003902] synonym: "Neural layer of retina" RELATED [] synonym: "Neural retina" RELATED [] synonym: "Neuroretinal cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000929 xref: FMA:58628 xref: UBERON:0003902 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0150 ! Central nervous system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0865 ! Retina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0688 name: Neutrophil def: "Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes." [MeSH:Neutrophils] synonym: "Neutrophil granulocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Neutrophilic granulocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000130 xref: CL:0000775 xref: FMA:62860 xref: MESH:D009504 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0422 ! Granulocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0690 name: Notochord def: "A cartilaginous rod of mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline of all chordate embryos. In lower vertebrates, notochord is the backbone of support. In the higher vertebrates, notochord is a transient structure, and segments of the vertebral column will develop around it. Notochord is also a source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues including the neural tube development." [MeSH:Notochord] xref: BTO:0001768 xref: FMA:85521 xref: MESH:D009672 xref: UBERON:0002328 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2110 ! Embryonic structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0693 name: Occipital lobe def: "Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere." [MeSH:Occipital_Lobe] synonym: "Brain occipital lobe" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000293 xref: FMA:67325 xref: MESH:D009778 xref: UBERON:0002021 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2007 ! Cerebral hemisphere [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0694 name: Ocular ciliary body def: "A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the retina. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion." [MeSH:Ciliary_Body] synonym: "Ciliary body" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000260 xref: FMA:58295 xref: MESH:D002924 xref: UBERON:0001775 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0695 name: Ocular ciliary epithelium def: "The ciliary epithelium is a double layer of columnar epithelial cells. The layer that has its basal lamina facing the posterior chamber is non-pigmented, and the one that has its basal lamina facing the connective tissue stroma of the ciliary body is pigmented and is directly continuous with the pigmented epithelial layer of the retina." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Ciliary epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of ciliary body" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001770 xref: FMA:58464 xref: UBERON:0001778 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0694 ! Ocular ciliary body [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0696 name: Odontoblast def: "A cell derived from a preodontoblast that secretes predentin. Each odontoblast has a cytoplasmic extension, an odontoblastic process that traverses the thickness of the dentin and helps to maintain the dentin." [NCI_Thesaurus:Odontoblast] synonym: "Odontoblastic cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001769 xref: CL:0000060 xref: FMA:62999 xref: MESH:D009804 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0195 ! Dental pulp [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0698 name: Esophageal epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the oesophagus. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. In humans, the surface cells may exhibit some keratohyalin granules, but keratinization does not normally occur." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of esophagus" RELATED [] synonym: "Esophageal epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Oesophageal epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Oesophageal epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001578 xref: FMA:63063 xref: UBERON:0001976 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2626 ! Esophagus mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0700 name: Esophagus def: "The muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract." [MeSH:Esophagus] synonym: "Oesophagus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000959 xref: FMA:7131 xref: MESH:D004947 xref: UBERON:0001043 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/esophagus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0407 ! Gastrointestinal tract [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0702 name: Olfactory bulb def: "The olfactory bulb is the region in the brain receiving input from the olfactory neurons in the nasal olfactory epithelium. It is organized in glomeruli (one per smell) and innervates the dendrites of mitral cells that project to other forebrain regions including the olfactory cortex. Local circuits in the glomeruli and plexiform layers finetune the olfactory output information. It consists of the main olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb, involved in the detection of pheromones. The olfactory bulb is located inferior (bottom) of the human brain, while in most vertebrates it is the most rostral (front) region of the brain. The olfactory bulb is relatively small in humans compared to other vertebrates. Odor molecules are detected by the olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. The signal transduction starts at the olfactory receptors present on the cilia of the sensory neuronal dendrites, covering the surface of the olfactory epithelium. The binding of the odor molecule triggers an electrical response and sensory signals to the olfactory nerve fiber. The olfactory nerve fibers pass through the plate of the bone and connect the epithelium to the olfactory bulbs of the brain." [HPA] synonym: "Olfactory region" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000961 xref: FMA:77624 xref: MESH:D009830 xref: UBERON:0002264 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0389 ! Frontal lobe relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1307 ! Limbic system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2542 ! Olfactory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0703 name: Olfactory epithelium def: "An epithelium located in the roof, superior conchae, and septum of the nasal cavity. It is formed by ciliated olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells and basal cells. Olfactory glands in the epithelium produce and secrete mucus which forms a layer over the epithelium. The cilia of the receptor cells protrude into the mucous layer where molecular reception with odors occurs and sensory transduction begins. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium." [NCI_Thesaurus:Olfactory_Epithelium/neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Olfactory sensory epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000108 xref: FMA:64803 xref: UBERON:0001997 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0682 ! Neuroepithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2197 ! Olfactory mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0709 name: Oligodendrocyte def: "A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as satellite cells, perineuronal of ganglia) according to their location. They form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system." [MeSH:Oligodendroglia] synonym: "oligodendroglia" RELATED [] synonym: "oligodendrocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "oligodendroglia cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000962 xref: CL:0000128 xref: FMA:54540 xref: MESH:D009836 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2027 ! Macroglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0711 name: Oocyte def: "Female germ cells derived from oogonia and termed oocytes when they enter meiosis. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until ovulation at puberty to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (ovum)." [MeSH:Oocytes] synonym: "Female gamete" RELATED [] synonym: "Female haploid germ cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Oocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000964 xref: CL:0000023 xref: FMA:18644 xref: MESH:D009865 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2368 ! Female germ cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0713 name: Optic nerve def: "The 2nd cranial nerve. The optic nerve conveys visual information from the retina to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other important targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system." [MeSH:Optic_Nerve] synonym: "Optic II nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "Second cranial nerve" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000966 xref: FMA:50863 xref: MESH:D009900 xref: UBERON:0000941 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2472 ! Cranial nerve relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2543 ! Visual system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0715 name: Oral epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the oral cavity. The oral cavity is lined by masticatory mucosa, lining mucosa and specialized mucosa. The masticatory mucosa and lining mucosa have a keratinized or parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The specialized mucosa is restricted to the dorsal surface of the tongue, where it contains papillae and taste buds." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of mouth" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of mucosa of mouth" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of oral cavity" RELATED [] synonym: "Oral cavity epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Oral cavity epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Oral epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001775 xref: FMA:265152 xref: UBERON:0002424 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0716 ! Oral mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0716 name: Oral mucosa def: "Lining of the oral cavity, including mucosa on the gums; the palate; the lip; the cheek; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations." [MeSH:Mouth_Mucosa] synonym: "Mouth mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of mouth" RELATED [] synonym: "Oral cavity mucosa" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002860 xref: FMA:59660 xref: MESH:D009061 xref: UBERON:0003729 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/oral+mucosa is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0717 name: Organ of Corti def: "The spiral epithelium containing sensory auditory hair cells and supporting cells in the cochlea. Organ of Corti, situated on the basilar membrane and overlaid by a gelatinous tectorial membrane, converts sound-induced mechanical waves to neural impulses to the brain." [MeSH:Organ_of_Corti] synonym: "cochlear spiral organ" RELATED [] synonym: "Spiral organ" RELATED [] synonym: "Spiral organ of Corti" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001691 xref: FMA:75715 xref: MESH:D009925 xref: UBERON:0002227 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0151 ! Cochlea [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0718 name: Oropharynx def: "The middle portion of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth, inferior to the soft palate, and superior to the base of the tongue and epiglottis. It has a digestive function as food passes from the mouth into the oropharynx before entering esophagus." [MeSH:Oropharynx] xref: FMA:54879 xref: MESH:D009960 xref: UBERON:0001729 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0407 ! Gastrointestinal tract relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0785 ! Pharynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0720 name: Osteoblast def: "Bone-forming cells which secrete an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone." [MeSH:Osteoblasts] xref: BTO:0001593 xref: CL:0000062 xref: FMA:66780 xref: MESH:D010006 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2097 ! Bone cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0721 name: Osteoclast def: "A large multinuclear cell associated with the bone resorption. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in cementum resorption." [MeSH:Osteoclasts] xref: BTO:0000968 xref: CL:0000092 xref: FMA:66781 xref: MESH:D010010 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0587 ! Macrophage is_a: CALOHA:TS-2097 ! Bone cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0726 name: Ovarian follicle def: "An oocyte-containing structure in the cortex of the ovary. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of granulosa cells providing a nourishing microenvironment (follicular fluid). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of gonadotropins." [MeSH:ovarian_follicle] synonym: "Follicle of ovary" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovarian follicle cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovary follicle" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovary follicle cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000475 xref: FMA:18640 xref: MESH:D006080 xref: UBERON:0001305 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0730 ! Ovary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0728 name: Ovarian follicular fluid def: "The fluid surrounding the ovum and granulosa cells in the Graafian follicle (ovarian follicle). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes." [MeSH:Follicular_Fluid] synonym: "Follicular fluid" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovary follicular fluid" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004383 xref: FMA:18665 xref: MESH:D015571 xref: UBERON:0000038 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0726 ! Ovarian follicle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0729 name: Ovarian granulosa cell def: "Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the ovary. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the oocyte in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the ovum in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors." [MeSH:Granulosa_Cells] synonym: "granulosa cell" RELATED [] synonym: "granulosa cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000542 xref: CL:0000501 xref: FMA:18718 xref: MESH:D006107 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0726 ! Ovarian follicle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0730 name: Ovary def: "The reproductive organ (gonads) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the ovarian follicle for the production of female germ cells (oogenesis); and the endocrine cells (granulosa cells; theca cells; and luteal cells) for the production of estrogens and progesterone." [MeSH:Ovary] synonym: "Ovarian" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovaries" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000975 xref: FMA:7209 xref: MESH:D010053 xref: UBERON:0000992 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/ovary is_a: CALOHA:TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1303 ! Female reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0732 name: Oviduct def: "A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the uterus to its corresponding ovary. They provide the means for ovum collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and fertilization. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells." [MeSH:Fallopian_Tubes] synonym: "Fallopian tube" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine tube" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000980 xref: FMA:18245 xref: MESH:D005187 xref: UBERON:0003889 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/fallopian+tube relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1303 ! Female reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0736 name: Pancreas def: "A nodular organ in the abdomen that contains a mixture of endocrine glands and exocrine glands. The small endocrine portion consists of the islets of langerhans secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (exocrine pancreas) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the duodenum." [MeSH:Pancreas] synonym: "Pancreatic" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000988 xref: FMA:7198 xref: MESH:D010179 xref: UBERON:0001264 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/pancreas relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1293 ! Alimentary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0737 name: Pancreatic acinar cell def: "Acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. They secrete digestive enzymes via a system of ducts." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Acinar cell of pancreas" RELATED [] synonym: "Exocrine acinar cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Exocrine pancreas cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Exocrine pancreatic acinar cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000028 xref: CL:0002064 xref: FMA:63032 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1242 ! Pancreas exocrine glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0741 name: Pancreatic islet def: "Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete insulin. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete glucagon. PP cells (10-35%) secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Delta cells (~5%) secrete somatostatin." [MeSH:Islets_of_Langerhans] synonym: "Granules of Langerhans" RELATED [] synonym: "Island of Langerhans" RELATED [] synonym: "Islet of Langerhans" RELATED [] synonym: "Islets of Langerhans" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreas islet cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreas islet cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreas islet of Langerhans" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreatic islet cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000991 xref: FMA:16016 xref: MESH:D007515 xref: UBERON:0000006 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1302 ! Endocrine pancreas [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0745 name: Parathyroid def: "Two pairs of small oval-shaped glands located in the front and the base of the neck and adjacent to the two lobes of thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone that regulates the balance of calcium; phosphorus; and magnesium in the body." [MeSH:Parathyroid_Glands] synonym: "Parathyroid gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000997 xref: MESH:D010280 xref: UBERON:0001132 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/parathyroid+gland is_a: CALOHA:TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0747 name: Parietal lobe def: "Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere." [MeSH:Parietal_Lobe] synonym: "Brain parietal lobe" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001001 xref: FMA:61826 xref: MESH:D010296 xref: UBERON:0001872 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2007 ! Cerebral hemisphere [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0748 name: Parotid gland def: "The largest of the three pairs of salivary glands. They lie on the sides of the face immediately below and in front of the ear." [MeSH:Parotid_Gland] synonym: "Parotid" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001004 xref: FMA:59790 xref: MESH:D010306 xref: UBERON:0001831 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2458 ! Major salivary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0751 name: Pectoralis muscle def: "The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the axilla." [MeSH:Pectoralis_Muscles] synonym: "Pectoral muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000023 xref: FMA:37349 xref: MESH:D010369 xref: UBERON:0001495 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1037 ! Thoracic muscle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0758 name: Penis def: "The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra." [MeSH:Penis] xref: BTO:0000405 xref: FMA:9707 xref: MESH:D010413 xref: UBERON:0000989 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0761 name: Pericardium def: "A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels (aorta; venae cavae; pulmonary artery). Pericardium consists of two sacs, the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers." [MeSH:Pericardium] xref: BTO:0000717 xref: FMA:9869 xref: MESH:D010496 xref: UBERON:0002407 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0445 ! Heart [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0763 name: Periodontal ligament def: "The fibrous connective tissue surrounding the tooth root, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone (alveolar process)." [MeSH:periodontal_ligament;MeSH:periodontium] synonym: "Periodontal membrane" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001020 xref: MESH:D010513 xref: UBERON:0008266 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2145 ! Ligament relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2380 ! Periodontium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0765 name: Peripheral blood granulocyte def: "Granulocytes found in peripheral blood." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0422 ! Granulocyte is_a: CALOHA:TS-0766 ! Peripheral blood leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0766 name: Peripheral blood leukocyte def: "Leukocytes found in peripheral blood." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Peripheral blood leucocyte" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0549 ! Leukocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0771 ! Peripheral blood cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0767 name: Peripheral blood lymphocyte def: "Lymphocytes found in peripheral blood." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0004729 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0583 ! Lymphocyte is_a: CALOHA:TS-0766 ! Peripheral blood leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0768 name: Peripheral blood monocyte def: "Monocytes found in peripheral blood." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Mononuclear cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Mononuclear leukocyte" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000842 xref: BTO:0000878 xref: FMA:86713 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0638 ! Monocyte is_a: CALOHA:TS-0766 ! Peripheral blood leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0769 name: Peripheral blood neutrophil def: "Neutrophils found in peripheral blood." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0688 ! Neutrophil is_a: CALOHA:TS-0765 ! Peripheral blood granulocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0770 name: Peripheral blood T-cell def: "T-cells found in peripheral blood." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Peripheral blood T cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Peripheral blood T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0767 ! Peripheral blood lymphocyte is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0771 name: Peripheral blood cell def: "Peripheral blood cells are the cellular components of blood, consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which are found within the circulating pool of blood and not sequestered within the lymphatic system, spleen, liver, or bone marrow." [BTO:Peripheral_blood_cell] synonym: "Blood cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Blood cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003494 xref: CL:0000081 xref: MESH:D001773 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0079 ! Blood [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0772 name: Peripheral nerve def: "The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium." [MeSH:Peripheral_Nerves] synonym: "Nerve" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000925 xref: BTO:0001027 xref: MESH:D010525 xref: UBERON:0001021 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/soft+tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0808 ! Peripheral nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0780 name: Peyer patch def: "Lymphoid tissue on the mucosa of the small intestine." [MeSH:Peyer's_Patches] synonym: "Aggregated lymphoid nodules of small intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "Agregated lymphatic nodule" RELATED [] synonym: "Peyer's gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Peyer's patch" RELATED [] synonym: "Peyer's patches" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001784 xref: FMA:15054 xref: FMA:76466 xref: MESH:D010581 xref: UBERON:0003454 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0584 ! Lymphoid tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0785 name: Pharynx def: "A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the esophagus, and air to the larynx and lungs. It is located posterior to the nasal cavity; oral cavity; and larynx, and extends from the skull base to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the nasopharynx; oropharynx; and hypopharynx (laryngopharynx)." [MeSH:Pharynx] synonym: "Pharyngeal" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001049 xref: FMA:46688 xref: MESH:D010614 xref: UBERON:0006562 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1319 ! Respiratory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0789 name: Pineal gland def: "A light-sensitive neuroendocrine organ attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, other biogenic amines, and neuropeptides." [MeSH:Pineal_Gland] synonym: "Pineal" RELATED [] synonym: "Pineal body" RELATED [] synonym: "Pineal organ" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001067 xref: FMA:62033 xref: MESH:D010870 xref: UBERON:0001905 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2060 ! Epithalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0794 name: Pituitary anterior lobe def: "The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. It secretes the adenohypophyseal hormones that regulate vital functions such as growth; metabolism; and reproduction." [MeSH:Anterior_Pituitary_Gland] synonym: "Adenohypophysis" RELATED [] synonym: "Anterior lobe of hypophysis" RELATED [] synonym: "Anterior pituitary" RELATED [] synonym: "Anterior pituitary gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000040 xref: FMA:74627 xref: MESH:D010903 xref: UBERON:0002196 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0798 ! Pituitary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0795 name: Pituitary neurointermediate lobe def: "The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. It shows considerable size variation among the species, small in humans, and large in amphibians and lower vertebrates. This lobe produces mainly melanocyte-stimulating hormones and other peptides from post-translational processing of pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc)." [MeSH:Intermediate_Pituitary_Gland] synonym: "Intermediate lobe of pituitary" RELATED [] synonym: "Intermediate pituitary" RELATED [] synonym: "pars intermedia" RELATED [] synonym: "pars intermedia adenohypophysis" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001788 xref: FMA:74632 xref: MESH:D052716 xref: UBERON:0002432 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0798 ! Pituitary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0798 name: Pituitary gland def: "A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk." [MeSH:Pituitary_Gland] synonym: "Hypophysis" RELATED [] synonym: "Pituitary" RELATED [] synonym: "Pituitary body" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001073 xref: FMA:13889 xref: MESH:D010902 xref: UBERON:0000007 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0799 name: Placenta def: "A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (chorionic villi) derived from trophoblasts and a maternal portion (decidua) derived from the uterine endometrium. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (placental hormones)." [MeSH:Placenta] synonym: "Placental" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001078 xref: FMA:63934 xref: MESH:D010920 xref: UBERON:0001987 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/placenta is_a: CALOHA:TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0800 name: Plasma def: "The residual portion of blood that is left after removal of blood cells by centrifugation without prior blood coagulation." [MeSH:Plasma] synonym: "Blood plasma" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000131 xref: FMA:62970 xref: MESH:D010949 xref: UBERON:0001969 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0079 ! Blood [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0801 name: Plasmacytoid dendritic cell def: "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells represent a distinct immune cell type specialized in direct virus recognition and rapid secretion of type I interferon." [PMID:20144853] synonym: "PDC" RELATED [] synonym: "Plasmacytoid DCs" RELATED [] synonym: "Plasmacytoid DC" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000784 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0194 ! Dendritic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0803 name: Platelet def: "Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation." [MeSH:Blood_Platelets] synonym: "Blood platelet" RELATED [] synonym: "Thrombocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000132 xref: CL:0000233 xref: FMA:62851 xref: MESH:D001792 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0647 ! Myeloid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0808 name: Peripheral nervous system def: "The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors." [MeSH:Peripheral_Nervous_System] synonym: "PNS" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001028 xref: FMA:9903 xref: MESH:D017933 xref: UBERON:0000010 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1313 ! Nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0813 name: Pons def: "Pons is situated inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and ventral to the fourth ventricle. The pons together with medulla oblongata, midbrain and thalamus comprise the brainstem. Developmentally the pons originates from the third vesicle of the neuronal tube (rhombencephalon). There are several monoamine nuclei situated in the pons, such as noradrenergic locus coeruleus. Pons facilitates connections between medulla and cerebellum, as well as into the thalamus and is important for the control of several of the body's vital functions. Regulation of the pattern and rate of the respiratory cycle is managed by pons together with the medulla oblongata through a complex network between antagonistic respiratory centres. Pons can be divided into a basilar (ventral) part and the pontine tegmentum (dorsal). The front part of hindbrain that lies between medulla oblongata and the midbrain (mesencephalon) ventral to the cerebellum. It is composed of two parts, the dorsal and the ventral. Pons serves as a relay station for important neural pathways between the cerebellum to the cerebrum." [HPA; MeSH:Pons] synonym: "Pons of Varolius" RELATED [] synonym: "Pons Varolii" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001101 xref: FMA:67943 xref: MESH:D011149 xref: UBERON:0000988 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2562 ! Pons and medulla oblongata relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2029 ! Metencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0814 name: Portal vein def: "A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein." [MeSH:Portal_Vein] xref: BTO:0001792 xref: FMA:66645 xref: MESH:D011169 xref: UBERON:0002017 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1108 ! Vein [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0815 name: Posterior pituitary def: "Neural tissue of the pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis. It consists of the distal axons of neurons that produce vasopressin and oxytocin in the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus. These axons travel down through the median eminence, the hypothalamic infundibulum of the pituitary stalk, to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland." [MeSH:Posterior_Pituitary_Gland] synonym: "Neurohypophysis" RELATED [] synonym: "Posterior lobe of pituitary gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Posterior pituitary gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000937 xref: FMA:74628 xref: MESH:D010904 xref: UBERON:0002198 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0798 ! Pituitary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0819 name: Pre-B cell def: "Cells from the stage of B lymphocyte development where B cell heavy chain gene rearrangement is completed. The pre-B cell stage is preceded by the pro-B cell stage." [MeSH:B-Lymphoid_Precursor_Cells] synonym: "Pre-B lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Pre-B-lymphocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001133 xref: CL:0000817 xref: MESH:D054448 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0068 ! B-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0822 name: Preoptic area of hypothalamus def: "Region of hypothalamus between the anterior commissure and optic chiasm." [MeSH:Preoptic_Area] synonym: "Preoptic area" RELATED [] synonym: "Preoptic nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "Preoptic nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Preoptic region of hypothalamus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001796 xref: FMA:62313 xref: MESH:D011301 xref: UBERON:0001928 xref: UBERON:0007251 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0824 name: Preputial gland def: "Exocrine glands located at the anterior aspect of the genitals of some mammals that produce and secrete pheromones." [NCI_Thesaurus:Preputial_gland] synonym: "Preputial glands" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001111 xref: FMA:71652 xref: UBERON:0000359 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0383 ! Foreskin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0825 name: Promyelocyte def: "A promyelocyte (or progranulocyte) is a granulocyte precursor, developing from the myeloblast and developing into the myelocyte." [Wikipedia:Promyelocyte] xref: CL:0000836 xref: FMA:83530 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2109 ! Bone marrow hematopoietic cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2367 ! Myeloid leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0828 name: Prostate def: "A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the urinary bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum." [MeSH:Prostate] synonym: "Prostate gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001129 xref: FMA:9600 xref: MESH:D011467 xref: UBERON:0002367 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/prostate is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0839 name: Pulmonary artery def: "The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs." [MeSH:Pulmonary_Artery] xref: BTO:0000778 xref: FMA:66326 xref: MESH:D011651 xref: UBERON:0002012 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0054 ! Artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0840 name: Pulmonary vein def: "The veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart." [MeSH:Pulmonary_Veins] xref: BTO:0001799 xref: FMA:66643 xref: MESH:D011667 xref: UBERON:0002016 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1108 ! Vein [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0845 name: Purkinje cell def: "The output neurons of the cerebellar cortex." [MeSH:Purkinje_Cells] synonym: "Cerebellar Purkinje cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellar Purkinje neuron" RELATED [] synonym: "Purkinje cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Purkinje neuron" RELATED [] synonym: "Purkinje's cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001011 xref: CL:0000121 xref: FMA:67969 xref: MESH:D011689 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2000 ! Cerebellar cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0860 name: Renal collecting duct def: "Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla." [MeSH:Collecting_Kidney_Tubules] synonym: "Collecting duct of renal tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney collecting duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney collecting ducts" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal collecting tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Tubulus renalis colligen" RELATED [] synonym: "Collecting duct cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000761 xref: FMA:15628 xref: MESH:D007685 xref: UBERON:0001232 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0510 ! Kidney [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0862 name: Renal glomerulus def: "A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue." [MeSH:Kidney_Glomerulus] synonym: "Glomerular tuft" RELATED [] synonym: "Glomerus" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney cells in glomeruli" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney glomeruli cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney glomeruli cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney glomerulus cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney glomerus" RELATED [] synonym: "Malphigian glomerulus" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal glomerular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal glomerulus cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Metanephric glomerulus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000530 xref: FMA:15624 xref: MESH:D007678 xref: UBERON:0004736 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1317 ! Renal corpuscle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0864 name: Reticulocyte def: "Immature erythrocytes. In humans, these are erythroid cells that have just undergone extrusion of their cell nucleus. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature. Ribosomes are last to disappear. Certain staining techniques cause components of the ribosomes to precipitate into characteristic reticulum (not the same as the endoplasmic reticulum), hence the name reticulocytes." [MeSH:Reticulocytes] xref: BTO:0001173 xref: CL:0000558 xref: FMA:66785 xref: MESH:D012156 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2752 ! Erythroid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0865 name: Retina def: "The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. The ten layers are: retinal pigment epithelium, layer of rods and cones, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, layer of optic nerve fibers, and inner limiting membrane." [MeSH:Retina and neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Inner layer of eyeball" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal" RELATED [] synonym: "Tunica interna of eyeball" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001175 xref: FMA:58301 xref: MESH:D012160 xref: UBERON:0000966 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0866 name: Retinal cone cell def: "Photosensitive afferent neurons located primarily within the fovea centralis of the macula lutea. There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) with photopigments of different spectral sensitivity curves. Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity." [MeSH:Retinal_Cone_Photoreceptor_Cells] synonym: "Cone cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal cone" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal cone photoreceptor cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Cone photoreceptor cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001036 xref: CL:0000573 xref: FMA:67748 xref: MESH:D017949 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0868 ! Retinal photoreceptor [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0867 name: Retinal ganglion def: "Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the optic nerve to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the center for regulating circadian rhythm." [MeSH:Retinal_Ganglion_Cells] synonym: "Ganglion cell layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Ganglionic cell layer of retina" RELATED [] synonym: "Retina ganglion cell layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retina ganglion layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal ganglia" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal ganglion cell layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal ganglion cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal ganglion layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003398 xref: CL:0000740 xref: FMA:58687 xref: MESH:D012165 xref: UBERON:0001792 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2040 ! Nervous system cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0868 name: Retinal photoreceptor def: "Specialized phototransduction neurons in the vertebrates, such as the retinal rod cells and the retinal cone cells. Non-visual photoreceptor neurons have been reported in the deep brain, the pineal gland and organs of the circadian system." [MeSH:Vertebrate_Photoreceptor_Cells] synonym: "photoreceptor cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal photoreceptor cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001060 xref: CL:0000210 xref: FMA:86740 xref: MESH:D020419 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2040 ! Nervous system cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0869 name: Retinal pigment epithelium def: "The single layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the retina, situated closely to the tips (outer segments) of the retinal photoreceptor cells. These epithelial cells perform essential functions for the photoreceptor cells, such as in nutrient transport, phagocytosis of the shed photoreceptor membranes, and ensuring retinal attachment." [MeSH:Retinal_Pigment_Epithelium] synonym: "Epithelium of retinal pigment" RELATED [] synonym: "Pigment epithelium of retina" EXACT [] synonym: "Retinal pigment epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal pigmented epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Pigmented layer of retina" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001177 xref: FMA:58627 xref: MESH:D055213 xref: UBERON:0001782 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0865 ! Retina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0870 name: Retinal rod cell def: "Photosensitive afferent neurons located in the peripheral retina, with density increases radially away from the fovea centralis. Being much more sensitive to light than the retinal cone cells, the rod cells are responsible for twilight vision (at scotopic intensities) as well as peripheral vision, but provide no color discrimination." [MeSH:Retinal_Rod_Photoreceptor_Cells] synonym: "Retinal rod" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal rod photoreceptor cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Rod photoreceptor cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001024 xref: CL:0000604 xref: FMA:67747 xref: MESH:D017948 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0868 ! Retinal photoreceptor [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0891 name: Saliva def: "The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptylin." [MeSH:Saliva] synonym: "Salivary gland secretion" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001202 xref: FMA:59862 xref: MESH:D012463 xref: UBERON:0001836 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2057 ! Exocrine system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0892 name: Salivary gland def: "Glands that secrete saliva in the mouth. There are three pairs of salivary glands (parotid gland; sublingual gland; submandibular gland)." [MeSH:Salivary_Glands] xref: BTO:0001203 xref: FMA:9597 xref: MESH:D012469 xref: UBERON:0001044 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/salivary+gland is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0893 name: Saphenous vein def: "The vein which drains the foot and leg." [MeSH:Saphenous_Vein] xref: BTO:0001808 xref: MESH:D012501 xref: UBERON:0007318 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1108 ! Vein [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0896 name: Scalp def: "The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: skin; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the periosteum of the skull)." [MeSH:Scalp] xref: BTO:0001809 xref: FMA:46494 xref: MESH:D012535 xref: UBERON:0000403 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0897 name: Scapula def: "The flat triangle-shaped bone that connects the humerus with the clavicle in the back of the shoulder." [NCI_Thesaurus:Scapula] synonym: "Scapula bone" RELATED [] synonym: "Shoulder blade" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001218 xref: FMA:13394 xref: MESH:D012540 xref: UBERON:0001124 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0898 name: Schwann cell def: "Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons." [MeSH:Schwann_Cells] synonym: "Schwann cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001220 xref: CL:0002573 xref: FMA:62121 xref: MESH:D012583 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0772 ! Peripheral nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0899 name: Sciatic nerve def: "A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the tibial nerve and the peroneal nerve." [MeSH:Sciatic_Nerve] xref: BTO:0001221 xref: FMA:19034 xref: MESH:D012584 xref: UBERON:0001322 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0772 ! Peripheral nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0917 name: Semen def: "The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains spermatozoa and their nutrient plasma." [MeSH:Semen] xref: BTO:0001230 xref: FMA:62966 xref: MESH:D012661 xref: UBERON:0001968 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0918 name: Seminal plasma def: "The fluid portion of the semen." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Seminal fluid" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001232 xref: UBERON:0006530 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0917 ! Semen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0919 name: Seminal vesicle def: "A saclike, glandular diverticulum on each ductus deferens in male vertebrates. It is united with the excretory duct and serves for temporary storage of semen." [MeSH:Seminal_Vesicles] synonym: "Glandula vesiculosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Seminal gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001234 xref: FMA:19386 xref: MESH:D012669 xref: UBERON:0000998 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/seminal+vesicle relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0920 name: Seminiferous epithelium def: "The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (spermatogonia) and supporting sertoli cells. As spermatogenesis proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen." [MeSH:Seminiferous_Epithelium] synonym: "Epithelium of seminiferous tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of seminiferous tubule of testis" RELATED [] synonym: "Male germinal epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Seminiferous tubule epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001811 xref: FMA:19885 xref: MESH:D012670 xref: UBERON:0004813 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1239 ! Seminiferous tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0922 name: Sertoli cell def: "Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen-binding protein and hormones such as anti-mullerian hormone. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier." [MeSH:Sertoli_Cells] synonym: "Sertoli cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001238 xref: CL:0000216 xref: FMA:72298 xref: MESH:D012708 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0920 ! Seminiferous epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0923 name: Serum def: "The blood plasma with the fibrinogens removed. Serum includes all proteins not used in blood clotting (coagulation) and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones, and any exogenous substances (e.g., drugs and microorganisms)." [Wikipedia:Blood_serum] synonym: "Blood serum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000133 xref: BTO:0001239 xref: FMA:63083 xref: MESH:D044967 xref: UBERON:0001977 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0800 ! Plasma [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0933 name: Skeletal muscle tissue def: "A subtype of striated muscle, attached by tendons to the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles." [MeSH:Skeletal_Muscle] xref: FMA:14069 xref: MESH:D018482 xref: UBERON:0001134 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/skeletal+muscle is_a: CALOHA:TS-2047 ! Striated muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0934 name: Skin def: "The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment (microorganisms and harmful radiation from the sun). It is also essential in preventing dehydration and regulation of body temperature. It is composed of the dermis and the epidermis." [MeSH:Skin;HPA] xref: BTO:0001253 xref: FMA:7163 xref: MESH:D012867 xref: UBERON:0002097 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/skin relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1299 ! Dermal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0935 name: Skin fibroblast def: "Fibroblast from skin." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Skin fibroblasts" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001255 xref: CL:0002620 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0362 ! Fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0940 name: Slow-twitch skeletal muscle def: "Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I myosin heavy chain isoforms which have low atpase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment." [MeSH:Slow-Twitch_Muscle_Fibers] synonym: "Slow skeletal muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001812 xref: MESH:D018657 xref: UBERON:0006907 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0933 ! Skeletal muscle tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0941 name: Small intestine mucosa def: "The villi (finger-like and leaf-like projections of the mucosa) and intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuehn) along with the lamina propia and associated galt (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) and muscularis mucosa constitute the essential features of the small intestinal mucosa." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Mucosa of small intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "Small intestinal mucosa" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001259 xref: FMA:14933 xref: UBERON:0001204 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0942 ! Small intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0942 name: Small intestine def: "The portion of the gastrointestinal tract between the pylorus of the stomach and the ileocecal valve of the large intestine. It is divisible into three portions: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum." [MeSH:_Small_Intestine] synonym: "Small bowel" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000651 xref: FMA:7200 xref: MESH:D007421 xref: UBERON:0002108 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/small+intestine relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0490 ! Intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0943 name: Smooth muscle tissue def: "Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant." [MeSH:Smooth_Muscle] synonym: "Involuntary muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Non-striated muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "smooth muscle tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Unstriated muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "smooth muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001260 xref: FMA:14070 xref: MESH:D009130 xref: UBERON:0001135 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/smooth+muscle is_a: CALOHA:TS-0642 ! Muscle tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0949 name: Spermatozoon def: "Mature male germ cells derived from spermatids. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of chromatin into the sperm head, formation of the acrosome cap, the sperm midpiece and the sperm tail that provides motility." [MeSH:Spermatozoa] synonym: "Male gamete" RELATED [] synonym: "Male haploid germ cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Mature sperm cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Sperm cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Spermatozoa" RELATED [] synonym: "Spermatozoan" RELATED [] synonym: "Spermatozoid" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001277 xref: CL:0000019 xref: FMA:67338 xref: MESH:D013094 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0395 ! Gamete is_a: CALOHA:TS-2369 ! Male germ cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0917 ! Semen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0950 name: Spermatid def: "Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, round spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to elongated spermatids and finally to spermatozoa." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0001274 xref: CL:0000018 xref: FMA:72294 xref: MESH:D013087 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2369 ! Male germ cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2196 ! Adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0951 name: Spermatocyte def: "Male germ cells derived from spermatogonia. The diploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Spermatocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001275 xref: CL:0000017 xref: FMA:84049 xref: MESH:D013090 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2369 ! Male germ cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2196 ! Adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0953 name: Spinal cord def: "The elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system of vertebrates that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge." [NCI_Thesaurus:Spinal_cord] xref: BTO:0001279 xref: FMA:7647 xref: MESH:D013116 xref: UBERON:0002240 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0150 ! Central nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0954 name: Spinal ganglion def: "Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain." [MeSH:Spinal_Ganglia] synonym: "Dorsal root ganglia" RELATED [] synonym: "Dorsal root ganglion" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001264 xref: FMA:5888 xref: MESH:D005727 xref: UBERON:0000044 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0397 ! Ganglion [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0956 name: Spleen def: "An organ that is part of the hematopoietic and immune systems. It is composed of the white pulp and the red pulp and is surrounded by a capsule. It is located in the left hypochondriac region. Its functions include lymphocyte production, blood cell storage, and blood cell destruction." [NCI_Thesaurus:Spleen] xref: BTO:0001281 xref: FMA:7196 xref: MESH:D013154 xref: UBERON:0002106 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/spleen is_a: CALOHA:TS-0584 ! Lymphoid tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0957 name: Splenocyte def: "A vague term that usually refers to the phagocytic cells (macrophages) of the spleen." [NCI_Thesaurus:Splenocyte] xref: BTO:0001598 xref: CL:0000871 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0587 ! Macrophage relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0956 ! Spleen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0963 name: Sputum def: "Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains mucus, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus." [MeSH:Sputum] synonym: "Expectoration" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001297 xref: MESH:D013183 xref: UBERON:0007311 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1319 ! Respiratory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0972 name: Sternum def: "The long, flat bone connecting with the cartilages of the first seven ribs and the clavicle." [NCI_Thesaurus:Sternum] synonym: "Breastbone" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001302 xref: FMA:7485 xref: MESH:D013249 xref: UBERON:0000975 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0980 name: Stomach def: "An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum." [MeSH:Stomach] synonym: "Gaster" RELATED [] synonym: "Gastric tissue" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001307 xref: FMA:7148 xref: MESH:D013270 xref: UBERON:0000945 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/stomach,+lower relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0407 ! Gastrointestinal tract [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0981 name: Stratum corneum def: "Outer layer of the epidermis. Composed of keratinized cells. Those cells do not have nucleus, are flat and generally adherent to other cells without cell boundaries." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Horny layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Horny layer of epidermis" RELATED [] synonym: "Horny layers" RELATED [] synonym: "skin cells in corneal layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000344 xref: FMA:67545 xref: UBERON:0002027 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0982 name: Stria vascularis def: "A layer of stratified epithelium forming the endolymphatic border of the cochlear duct at the lateral wall of the cochlea. Stria vascularis contains primarily three cell types (marginal, intermediate, and basal), and capillaries. The marginal cells directly facing the endolymph are important in producing ion gradients and endochoclear potential." [MeSH:Stria_Vascularis] synonym: "Stria vascularis of cochlea" RELATED [] synonym: "Stria vascularis of cochlear duct" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001819 xref: FMA:77832 xref: MESH:D013316 xref: UBERON:0002282 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0152 ! Cochlear duct [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0984 name: Stromal cell def: "Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere." [MeSH:Stromal_Cells] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0986 name: Subcommissural organ def: "An ependymal derivative located at the junction of the third ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct, secreting somatostatin." [MeSH:Subcommissural_Organ] xref: BTO:0001820 xref: FMA:72414 xref: MESH:D013351 xref: UBERON:0002139 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0987 name: Sublingual gland def: "A salivary gland located under the tongue in the floor of the oral cavity." [NCI_Thesaurus:Sublingual_gland] synonym: "Sublingual salivary gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001315 xref: FMA:59791 xref: MESH:D013361 xref: UBERON:0001832 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2458 ! Major salivary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0988 name: Submandibular gland def: "One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur." [MeSH:Submandibular_Gland] synonym: "Submaxillary gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Submaxillary salivary gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001316 xref: FMA:55093 xref: MESH:D013363 xref: UBERON:0001736 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2458 ! Major salivary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0990 name: Substantia nigra def: "The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. These cells produce dopamine, an important neurotransmitter in regulation of the sensorimotor system and mood. The dark colored melanin is a by-product of dopamine synthesis." [MeSH:Substantia_Nigra] xref: BTO:0000143 xref: FMA:67947 xref: MESH:D013378 xref: UBERON:0002038 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0630 ! Midbrain relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0992 name: Suprachiasmatic nucleus def: "An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the midline in a shallow impression of the optic chiasm." [MeSH:Suprachiasmatic_Nucleus] xref: BTO:0001822 xref: FMA:67883 xref: MESH:D013493 xref: UBERON:0002034 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0993 name: Sweat gland def: "Sweat-producing structures that are embedded in the dermis. Each gland consists of a single tube, a coiled body, and a superficial duct." [MeSH:Sweat_Glands] xref: BTO:0001331 xref: FMA:59152 xref: MESH:D013545 xref: UBERON:0001820 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0051 ! Skin appendage is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0994 name: Sympathetic ganglion def: "Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system including the paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia. Among these are the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia." [MeSH:Sympathetic_Ganglia] synonym: "ganglion of sympathetic nervous system" RELATED [] synonym: "Sympathetic ganglia" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001333 xref: FMA:5890 xref: MESH:D005728 xref: UBERON:0001806 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2340 ! Autonomic ganglion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2049 ! Sympathetic chain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0995 name: Synovial cell def: "A fibroblast that lies between the cartilaginous fibers in the synovial membrane of joints. Cells of the synovial membrane. There are two types: A and B ." [NCI_Thesaurus:Synovial_Cell;neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Synovial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Synoviocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003652 xref: BTO:0003742 xref: CL:0000214 xref: FMA:66786 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0998 ! Synovium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0996 name: Synovial fluid def: "The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the synovial membrane. It contains mucin, albumin, fat, and mineral salts and serves to lubricate joints." [MeSH:Synovial_Fluid] synonym: "Joint fluid" RELATED [] synonym: "Synovia" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001339 xref: FMA:12277 xref: MESH:D013582 xref: UBERON:0001090 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1311 ! Musculoskeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0998 name: Synovium def: "The dense connective-tissue membrane that secretes synovial fluid and that lines the ligamentous surfaces of articular capsules, tendon sheaths where free movement is necessary, and bursae." [http://www.fasthealth.com/dictionary/] synonym: "Layer of synovial tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Synovial layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Synovial membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "Synovial sheath" RELATED [] synonym: "Synovial tissue" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001823 xref: FMA:66762 xref: UBERON:0007616 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1311 ! Musculoskeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-0999 name: T lymphoblast def: "An immature T-lymphocyte, that has enlarged following stimulation by an antigen, has the capacity to recognize the stimulating antigen and is undergoing proliferation and differentiation either to eliminate the antigen or to a memory state in order to recognize the future appearance of the antigen." [NCI_Thesaurus:T_lymphoblast] synonym: "T-lymphoblast" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001826 xref: CL:0000230 xref: FMA:83032 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0581 ! Lymphoblast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1001 name: T-cell def: "Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes, helper-inducer). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the thymus gland and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen." [MeSH:T-Lymphocytes] synonym: "T cell" RELATED [] synonym: "T-cells" RELATED [] synonym: "T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000782 xref: CL:0000084 xref: FMA:62870 xref: MESH:D013601 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0583 ! Lymphocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1015 name: Taste bud def: "Small sensory organs which contain gustatory receptor cells, basal cells, and supporting cells. Taste buds in humans are found in the epithelia of the tongue, palate, and pharynx. They are innervated by the chorda tympani nerve (a branch of the facial nerve) and the glossopharyngeal nerve." [MeSH:Taste_Buds] synonym: "Caliculus gustatorius" RELATED [] synonym: "Gemma gustatoria" RELATED [] synonym: "Gustatory bud" RELATED [] synonym: "Schwalbe corpuscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Schwalbe's corpuscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000989 xref: FMA:54825 xref: MESH:D013650 xref: UBERON:0001727 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1050 ! Tongue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1016 name: Tear def: "The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the conjunctiva and cornea." [MeSH:Tears] xref: BTO:0001499 xref: FMA:59756 xref: MESH:D013666 xref: UBERON:0001827 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2057 ! Exocrine system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1018 name: Telencephalon def: "Derived from telencephalon, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities. The anterior subdivision of the embryonic forebrain (prosencephalon) or the corresponding part of the adult forebrain that includes the cerebrum and associated structures." [MeSH:cerebrum;MeSH:telencephalon] synonym: "Cerebrum" RELATED [] synonym: "Supratentorial region" RELATED [] synonym: "Supratentorial region of the brain" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000239 xref: FMA:62000 xref: MESH:D013687 xref: MESH:D054022 xref: UBERON:0001893 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0380 ! Forebrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1020 name: Temporal lobe def: "Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere." [MeSH:Temporal_Lobe] synonym: "Brain temporal lobe" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001355 xref: FMA:61825 xref: MESH:D013702 xref: UBERON:0001871 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2007 ! Cerebral hemisphere [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1021 name: Tendon def: "Fibrous bands or cords of connective tissue at the ends of skeletal muscle fibers that serve to attach the muscles to bones and other structures." [MeSH:Tendons] xref: BTO:0001356 xref: FMA:9721 xref: MESH:D013710 xref: UBERON:0000043 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1311 ! Musculoskeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1026 name: Term myometrium def: "Refers to a myometrium from pregnant women at term (37 completed weeks of gestation, either in labor or not in labor)." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0652 ! Myometrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1027 name: Term placenta def: "Refers to a placenta from pregnant women at term (37 completed weeks of gestation, either in labor or not in labor)." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0799 ! Placenta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1030 name: Testis def: "The male gonad containing two functional parts: the seminiferous tubules for the production and transport of male germ cells (spermatogenesis) and the interstitial compartment containing leydig cells that produce androgens." [MeSH:Testis] synonym: "Testes" RELATED [] synonym: "Testicle" RELATED [] synonym: "Testicular" RELATED [] synonym: "Testiculus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001363 xref: FMA:7210 xref: MESH:D013737 xref: UBERON:0000473 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/testis is_a: CALOHA:TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1031 name: Thalamus def: "Paired bodies containing mostly gray substance and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups." [MeSH:Thalamus] synonym: "dorsal plus ventral thalamus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001365 xref: FMA:62007 xref: MESH:D013788 xref: UBERON:0001897 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0199 ! Diencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1033 name: Thigh epidermis def: "Epidermis of thigh." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2039 ! Thigh [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1037 name: Thoracic muscle def: "Muscle organ which is a part of the thorax. Examples: external intercostal muscle and diaphragm." [FMA:9619] synonym: "Muscle of thorax" RELATED [] synonym: "Thorax muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000508 xref: FMA:9619 xref: UBERON:0002426 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2464 ! Thoracic wall [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1039 name: Thorax def: "The upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems." [MeSH:Thorax] synonym: "Chest" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001368 xref: FMA:9576 xref: MESH:D013909 xref: UBERON:0001443 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1040 name: Thymic epithelium def: "Epithelium of thymus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of thymus" RELATED [] synonym: "Thymic epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Thymic epithelial cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001836 xref: FMA:72208 xref: UBERON:0003846 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1043 ! Thymus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1042 name: Thymocyte def: "A cell that develops in the thymus, seemingly from a stem cell of bone marrow and of fetal liver, and is the precursor of the thymus-derived lymphocyte (T lymphocyte) that effects cell-mediated (delayed type) sensitivity." [NCI_Thesaurus:Thymocyte] synonym: "Thymic lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Thymus lymphocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001372 xref: CL:0000893 xref: FMA:72202 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1043 ! Thymus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1043 name: Thymus def: "A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the mediastinum, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the thyroid gland and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat." [MeSH:Thymus_Gland] synonym: "Thymus gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001374 xref: FMA:9607 xref: MESH:D013950 xref: UBERON:0002370 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0584 ! Lymphoid tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1047 name: Thyroid def: "A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the trachea. It secretes thyroid hormones from the follicular cells and calcitonin from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating metabolism and calcium level in blood, respectively." [MeSH:Thyroid_Gland] synonym: "Thyroid gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001379 xref: FMA:9603 xref: MESH:D013961 xref: UBERON:0002046 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/thyroid+gland is_a: CALOHA:TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1048 name: Tibia def: "The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the fibula laterally, the talus distally, and the femur proximally." [MeSH:Tibia] synonym: "Tibial bone" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001252 xref: FMA:24476 xref: MESH:D013977 xref: UBERON:0000979 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1050 name: Tongue def: "The muscular organ located in the floor of the mouth and serving as the principal organ of taste and modification of the voice in speech." [NCI_Thesaurus:Tongue] xref: BTO:0001385 xref: FMA:54640 xref: MESH:D014059 xref: UBERON:0001723 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2043 ! Sense organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2582 ! Oral cavity relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2544 ! Gustatory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1051 name: Tongue epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the tongue. Stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized in parts." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of tongue" RELATED [] synonym: "Lingual epithelia" RELATED [] synonym: "Lingual epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Lingual epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Tongue epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000992 xref: UBERON:0003357 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2627 ! Squamous epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1050 ! Tongue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1053 name: Tonsil def: "The human palatine tonsils and the nasopharyngeal tonsil are lymphoepithelial tissues located in strategic areas of the oropharynx and nasopharynx, although most commonly the term tonsils refers to the palatine tonsils. A round-to-oval mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the pharynx. There is one on each side of the oropharynx in the fauces between the anterior and posterior pillars of the soft palate." [MeSH:palatine_tonsil;Wikipedia:Tonsil] xref: BTO:0001387 xref: FMA:9609 xref: UBERON:0002372 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/tonsil is_a: CALOHA:TS-0584 ! Lymphoid tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1055 name: Tooth def: "One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing." [MeSH:Tooth] xref: BTO:0000397 xref: FMA:12516 xref: MESH:D014070 xref: UBERON:0001091 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2582 ! Oral cavity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1056 name: Tooth bud is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1057 name: Tooth enamel def: "A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath." [MeSH:Dental_Enamel] synonym: "Dental enamel" RELATED [] synonym: "Enamel" RELATED [] synonym: "Enamel of tooth" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001844 xref: FMA:55629 xref: MESH:D003743 xref: UBERON:0001752 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1055 ! Tooth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1058 name: Trabecular meshwork def: "A porelike structure surrounding the entire circumference of the anterior chamber through which aqueous humor circulates to the canal of Schlemm." [MeSH:Trabecular_Meshwork] synonym: "Eye trabecular meshwork" RELATED [] synonym: "Eye trabeculum" RELATED [] synonym: "Reticulum trabeculare" RELATED [] synonym: "Trabecular meshwork of the eye" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001605 xref: MESH:D014129 xref: UBERON:0005969 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1060 name: Trachea def: "The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi." [MeSH:Trachea] synonym: "Tracheal" RELATED [] synonym: "Tracheal tubule" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001388 xref: FMA:7394 xref: MESH:D014132 xref: UBERON:0003126 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1319 ! Respiratory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1061 name: Tracheal epithelium def: "Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with many Goblet cells, lining the lumen of the trachea; the basement membrane is thick." [NCI_Thesaurus:Tracheal_Epithelium] synonym: "Epithelium of trachea" RELATED [] synonym: "Trachea epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Trachea epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Tracheal epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001389 xref: FMA:62015 xref: UBERON:0001901 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1060 ! Trachea relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1063 ! Tracheobronchial epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1063 name: Tracheobronchial epithelium def: "Epithelium lining both the trachea and bronchus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Bronchotracheal epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of tracheobronchia" RELATED [] synonym: "Tracheobronchia epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002925 xref: UBERON:0008397 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0023 ! Airway epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1070 name: Trophoblast def: "Cells lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (placenta)." [MeSH:Trophoblasts] synonym: "Embryonic trophoblast" RELATED [] synonym: "Trophoblastic cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Trophoderm" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001079 xref: FMA:83029 xref: MESH:D014327 xref: UBERON:0000088 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0076 ! Blastocyst [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1071 name: Trunk def: "The body excluding the head and neck and limbs." [NCI_Thesaurus:Trunk] xref: BTO:0001493 xref: FMA:7181 xref: UBERON:0002100 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2084 ! Body part [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1077 name: Umbilical artery def: "Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother via the placenta. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one." [MeSH:Umbilical_Arteries] xref: BTO:0000841 xref: FMA:18820 xref: MESH:D014469 xref: UBERON:0001310 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1078 ! Umbilical cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1078 name: Umbilical cord def: "The flexible rope-like structure that connects a developing fetus to the placenta in mammals. The cord contains blood vessels which carry oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus and waste products away from the fetus." [MeSH:Umbilical_Cord] xref: BTO:0001415 xref: FMA:85541 xref: MESH:D014470 xref: UBERON:0002331 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1079 name: Umbilical cord blood def: "Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the placenta. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (umbilical cord) at the time of delivery." [MeSH:Fetal_Blood] xref: MESH:D005312 xref: UBERON:0012168 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2120 ! Extraembryonic fluid relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1078 ! Umbilical cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1081 name: Umbilical vein endothelium def: "Endothelium lining the umbilical vein." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Umbilical vein endothelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001416 xref: UBERON:0007777 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1082 ! Umbilical vein [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1082 name: Umbilical vein def: "Venous vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the mother to the fetus via the placenta. In humans, there is normally one umbilical vein." [MeSH:Umbilical_Veins] synonym: "Umbilical cord vein" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001509 xref: FMA:70317 xref: MESH:D014471 xref: UBERON:0002066 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1078 ! Umbilical cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1084 name: Ureter def: "One of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder." [MeSH:Ureter] xref: BTO:0001409 xref: FMA:9704 xref: MESH:D014513 xref: UBERON:0000056 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1323 ! Urinary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1087 name: Urinary bladder smooth muscle def: "Smooth muscle of urinary bladder." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0001849 xref: UBERON:0004228 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1090 ! Urinary bladder [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1088 name: Urinary bladder urothelium def: "Transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Urinary bladder epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Urothelium of urinary bladder" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001694 xref: FMA:15936 xref: UBERON:0004645 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/urinary+bladder is_a: CALOHA:TS-1096 ! Urothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2591 ! Urinary bladder mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1090 name: Urinary bladder def: "A musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract. Urine flows from the kidneys into the bladder via the ureters, and is held there until urination." [MeSH:Urinary_Bladder] synonym: "Bladder" RELATED [] synonym: "Vesica" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001418 xref: FMA:15900 xref: MESH:D001743 xref: UBERON:0001255 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/urinary+bladder relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1323 ! Urinary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1092 name: Urine def: "The fluid that is excreted by the kidneys. It is stored in the bladder and discharged through the urethra." [NCI_Thesaurus:Urine] xref: BTO:0001419 xref: FMA:12274 xref: MESH:D014556 xref: UBERON:0001088 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1323 ! Urinary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1096 name: Urothelium def: "The epithelial lining of the urinary tract. Transitional epithelium of the urinary tract." [MeSH:Urothelium] xref: BTO:0003906 xref: FMA:67695 xref: MESH:D019459 xref: UBERON:0000365 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1098 name: Uterine ectocervix def: "The part of the uterine cervix that projects into the vagina. It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Ectocervix" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001850 xref: FMA:86484 xref: UBERON:0012249 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0134 ! Uterine cervix [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1099 name: Uterine endothelium def: "Endothelium found in uterine blood vessels." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Uterus endothelium" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1102 ! Uterus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1102 name: Uterus def: "The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female pelvis. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of embryo implantation and fetal development. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is cervix uteri (the neck) opening into vagina. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the fallopian tubes." [MeSH:Uterus] synonym: "Uterine" RELATED [] synonym: "Womb" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001424 xref: FMA:17558 xref: MESH:D014599 xref: UBERON:0000995 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/uterus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1303 ! Female reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1103 name: Vagina def: "The genital canal in the female, extending from the uterus to the vulva." [MeSH:Vagina] xref: BTO:0000243 xref: FMA:19949 xref: MESH:D014621 xref: UBERON:0000996 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/vagina relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1303 ! Female reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1105 name: Vas deferens def: "The excretory duct of the testes that carries spermatozoa. It rises from the scrotum and joins the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct." [MeSH:Vas_Deferens] synonym: "Deferent duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Ductus deferens" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001427 xref: FMA:19234 xref: MESH:D014649 xref: UBERON:0001000 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1106 name: Vascular endothelium def: "Endothelium lining blood vessels and lymphatic vessels." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0001853 xref: MESH:D004730 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1107 name: Vascular smooth muscle def: "The non-striated, involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels." [MeSH:Vascular_Smooth_Muscle] synonym: "Blood vessel smooth muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001431 xref: MESH:D009131 xref: UBERON:0004237 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0080 ! Blood vessel [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1108 name: Vein def: "The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds." [MeSH:Veins] synonym: "Veins" RELATED [] synonym: "venous vessel" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000234 xref: FMA:50723 xref: MESH:D014680 xref: UBERON:0001638 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0080 ! Blood vessel [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1117 name: Visual cortex def: "Area of the occipital lobe concerned with vision." [MeSH:Visual_Cortex] xref: BTO:0001857 xref: FMA:242644 xref: MESH:D014793 xref: UBERON:0000411 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2691 ! Occipital cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2543 ! Visual system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1119 name: White adipose tissue def: "Fatty tissue composed of white adipocytes and generally found directly under the skin (subcutaneous fat) and around the internal organs (abdominal fat). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the brown fat. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy. Fat cells with light coloration and few mitochondria. They contain a scant ring of cytoplasm surrounding a single large lipid droplet or vacuole." [MeSH:white_adipose_tissue;MeSH:white_adipocytes] synonym: "White adipocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001456 xref: FMA:20117 xref: FMA:83434 xref: MESH:D052436 xref: MESH:D052438 xref: UBERON:0001347 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1130 name: Yolk sac def: "The first of four extra-embryonic membranes to form during embryogenesis. In reptiles and birds, it arises from endoderm and mesoderm to incorporate the egg yolk into the digestive tract for nourishing the embryo. In placental mammals, its nutritional function is vestigial; however, it is the source of intestinal mucosa; blood cells; and germ cells. It is sometimes called the vitelline sac, which should not be confused with the vitelline membrane of the egg." [MeSH:Yolk_Sac] xref: BTO:0001471 xref: FMA:87180 xref: MESH:D015017 xref: UBERON:0001040 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1132 name: Urethra def: "A tube that transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body in both the sexes. It also has a reproductive function in the male by providing a passage for sperm." [MeSH:Urethra] xref: BTO:0001426 xref: FMA:19667 xref: MESH:D014521 xref: UBERON:0000057 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1323 ! Urinary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1138 name: Corneal stroma def: "The lamellated connective tissue constituting the thickest layer of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes." [MeSH:Corneal_Stroma] synonym: "Cornea stroma" RELATED [] synonym: "Substantia propria of cornea" RELATED [] xref: FMA:58306 xref: MESH:D003319 xref: UBERON:0001777 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0171 ! Cornea [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1146 name: Helper T-cell def: "A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells." [CL:0000912] synonym: "Helper T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Helper T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "T-helper cell" RELATED [] synonym: "T-helper lymphocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002417 xref: CL:0000912 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1149 name: Basal ganglia def: "Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres." [MeSH:Basal_Ganglia] synonym: "Basal ganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "Basal nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "Basal nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000235 xref: FMA:62514 xref: MESH:D001479 xref: UBERON:0002420 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1018 ! Telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1150 name: Leydig cell def: "Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the testis. They are under the regulation of pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. Testosterone is the major androgen (androgens) produced." [MeSH:Leydig_Cells] synonym: "Interstitial cells of Leydig" RELATED [] synonym: "Leydig cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000755 xref: CL:0000178 xref: FMA:72297 xref: MESH:D007985 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2741 ! Endocrine cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1030 ! Testis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1154 name: Subthalamic nucleus def: "Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the internal capsule. The subthalamic nucleus and pathways traversing this region are concerned with the integration of somatic motor function." [MeSH:Subthalamic_Nucleus] synonym: "corpus Luysi" RELATED [] synonym: "Luys' body" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus of Luys" RELATED [] synonym: "subthalamic nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "subthalamic (Luysi) nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002252 xref: FMA:62035 xref: MESH:D020531 xref: UBERON:0001906 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2048 ! Subthalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1157 name: Kidney medulla def: "The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces." [MeSH:Kidney_Medulla] synonym: "Renal medulla" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001167 xref: FMA:74268 xref: MESH:D007679 xref: UBERON:0000362 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0510 ! Kidney [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1159 name: Corneal fibroblast def: "Corneal fibroblast are located between each lamella of the in the corneal stroma." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Keratocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Keratocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002363 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0362 ! Fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1138 ! Corneal stroma [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1160 name: Distal colon mucosa def: "Part of the large intestine mucosa lining the distal colon." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0164 ! Colon mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0202 ! Distal colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1164 name: Cementoblast def: "A large cell ranging in shape from cuboidal to squamous with a large central nucleus. The nucleus usually has a single nucleolus, which is active in the formation of cementum." [NCI_Thesaurus:Cementoblast] xref: CL:0000061 xref: FMA:63002 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2163 ! Dental cementum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1165 name: Ear def: "The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the acoustic nerve to the central nervous system. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the vestibular nerve." [MeSH:Ear] synonym: "Auditory apparatus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000368 xref: FMA:52780 xref: MESH:D004423 xref: UBERON:0001690 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2043 ! Sense organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2541 ! Auditory system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1167 name: Osteocyte def: "Mature osteoblasts that have become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi." [MeSH:Osteocytes] xref: BTO:0002038 xref: CL:0000137 xref: FMA:66779 xref: MESH:D010011 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2097 ! Bone cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1168 name: Vulva def: "The external genitalia of the female. It includes the clitoris, the labia, the vestibule, and its glands." [MeSH:Vulva] xref: BTO:0003101 xref: FMA:20462 xref: MESH:D014844 xref: UBERON:0000997 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1303 ! Female reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1171 name: Cajal-Retzius cell def: "The term Cajal Retzius cell is applied to reelin-producing neurons of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone." [Wikipedia:Cajal-Retzius_cell] synonym: "CR cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000695 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0231 ! Embryonic brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1172 name: Bile def: "An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts; cholesterol; and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum." [MeSH:Bile] synonym: "Gall" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000121 xref: FMA:62971 xref: MESH:D001646 xref: UBERON:0001970 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1308 ! Liver and biliary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1177 name: Meninges def: "The three membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater." [MeSH:Meninges] synonym: "Meninx" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000144 xref: FMA:9589 xref: MESH:D008578 xref: UBERON:0002360 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0150 ! Central nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1180 name: Rectum def: "The distal segment of the large intestine, between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal." [MeSH:Rectum] xref: BTO:0001158 xref: FMA:14544 xref: MESH:D012007 xref: UBERON:0001052 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/rectum relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1306 ! Large intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1183 name: Mesothelium def: "Simple squamous epithelium lining the closed cavities of the body, such as the abdominal, thoracic and pericardial cavities." [ISBN:978-0781750561] xref: BTO:0002422 xref: FMA:14074 xref: UBERON:0001136 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1185 name: Fetal esophagus def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult oesophagus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal oesophagus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1191 name: Neonatal skin def: "Skin from newborn." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1195 name: Monoblast def: "Parent cells in the lineage that gives rise to monocytes and macrophages." [MeSH:Monocyte-Macrophage_Precursor_Cells] synonym: "Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000040 xref: FMA:83553 xref: MESH:D055017 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2109 ! Bone marrow hematopoietic cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2367 ! Myeloid leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1198 name: Artery smooth muscle def: "Smooth muscle of arteries." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Arterial smooth muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Smooth muscle of artery" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000087 xref: FMA:72024 xref: UBERON:0002111 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1107 ! Vascular smooth muscle relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0054 ! Artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1211 name: Fetal cerebral cortex def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult cerebral cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal brain cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Fetal cerebrum cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Fetal pallium" RELATED [] synonym: "Foetal cerebral cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Foetal cerebrum cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Foetal pallium" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2404 ! Fetal telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1212 name: Neuroectoderm def: "The region in the dorsal ectoderm of a chordate embryo that gives rise to the future central nervous system. Tissue in the neural plate is called the neuroectoderm, often used as a synonym of neural plate." [MeSH:Neural_Plate] synonym: "Neural ectoderm" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001765 xref: FMA:87657 xref: MESH:D054258 xref: UBERON:0002346 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0216 ! Ectoderm [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1216 name: Jejunal smooth muscle def: "Smooth muscle of jejunum." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0496 ! Jejunum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1229 name: Bronchus def: "The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the trachea. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli." [MeSH:Bronchi] synonym: "Bronchi" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchial trunk" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001340 xref: FMA:7409 xref: MESH:D001980 xref: UBERON:0002185 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/bronchus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1296 ! Bronchoalveolar system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1230 name: Lateral ventricle def: "Cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses (choroid plexus) of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle." [MeSH:Lateral_Ventricles] xref: BTO:0000879 xref: FMA:78448 xref: MESH:D020547 xref: UBERON:0002285 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/lateral+ventricle relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1018 ! Telencephalon relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1295 ! Ventricular system of brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1231 name: Vulva/Anal skin def: "Skin pertaining both to the vulva and anus." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/anal+skin is_a: CALOHA:TS-2580 ! Zone of Skin relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1168 ! Vulva relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2005 ! Anus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1238 name: Lymphoid cell def: "Cells of the lymphoid lineage. Lymphocytes at different stages of maturation resident at the bone marrow, blood or lymphoid tissues." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0001096 xref: FMA:84065 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0549 ! Leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1239 name: Seminiferous tubule def: "The convoluted tubules in the testis where sperm are produced (spermatogenesis) and conveyed to the rete testis. Seminiferous tubules are composed of developing germ cells and the supporting sertoli cells." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Seminiferous duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Seminiferous tubule of testis" RELATED [] synonym: "Testis cells in seminiferus ducts" RELATED [] synonym: "Cells in seminiferous ducts" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001235 xref: FMA:19825 xref: MESH:D012671 xref: UBERON:0001343 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1030 ! Testis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1240 name: Bronchus epithelium def: "The respiratory bronchus is lined by respiratory epithelium comprising an admixture of pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells (mucin producing cells also termed mucous cells) and basal cells that function as progenitor cells for both the ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells. Ciliated cells are about five times more numerous than goblet cells in the central airways and the ratio of ciliated cells increases in the smaller and peripheral bronchi (bronchioles) as the goblet cells diminish. The basal cells are more abundant in the proximal airways, where they form more or less, a continuous layer and gradually diminish in number in peripheral bronchi. Small clusters of neuroendocrine cells located within the bronchial epithelium called neuroepithelial bodies can be identified." [HPA:Bronchus] synonym: "Bronchial epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of bronchus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001845 xref: FMA:67782 xref: UBERON:0002031 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/bronchus is_a: CALOHA:TS-1063 ! Tracheobronchial epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1229 ! Bronchus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1241 name: Exocrine pancreas def: "The major component (about 80%) of the pancreas composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as trypsinogen; lipase; amylase; and ribonuclease. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the duodenum." [MeSH:Exocrine_Pancreas] synonym: "Exocrine part of pancreas" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000434 xref: FMA:16017 xref: MESH:D046790 xref: UBERON:0000017 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0736 ! Pancreas [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1242 name: Pancreas exocrine glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. Exocrine glandular cells are the major cell type in the pancreas. These cells secrete digestive enzymes and NaHCO3 into ducts leading to the duodenum." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Exocrine pancreas glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Exocrine glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreas exocrine glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001599 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2108 ! Exocrine pancreas epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1246 name: Ovarian stroma def: "The stroma of the ovary contains loose connective tissue, fibroblast, theca cells, a mass of relatively large contorted blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Ovarian stroma cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovarian stromal cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovarian stromal cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovary stromal cells" RELATED [] xref: FMA:18626 xref: UBERON:0006960 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0730 ! Ovary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1247 name: Cerebellum granular layer def: "The bottom thick layer of the cerebellar cortex. Is densely packed with granule cells, along with much smaller numbers of interneurons, mainly Golgi cells." [Wikipedia:Cerebellum] synonym: "cerebellar granular layer" RELATED [] synonym: "cerebellar granule cell layer" RELATED [] synonym: "cerebellar granule layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum cells in granular layer" RELATED [] synonym: "cerebellum granule cell layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Granular layer of cerebellar cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum granular cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004425 xref: FMA:83140 xref: UBERON:0002956 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2000 ! Cerebellar cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1248 name: Cerebellum molecular layer def: "The top layer of the cerebellar cortex. Contains the flattened dendritic trees of Purkinje cells, along with the huge array of parallel fibers penetrating the Purkinje cell dendritic trees at right angles. This outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex also contains two types of inhibitory interneurons, stellate cells, and basket cells. Both stellate and basket cells form gabaergic synapses onto Purkinje cell dendrites." [Wikipedia:Cerebellum] synonym: "cerebellar molecular layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum cells in molecular layer" RELATED [] synonym: "cerebellum molecular cell layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Molecular layer of cerebellar cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum molecular layer cells" RELATED [] xref: FMA:83897 xref: UBERON:0002974 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2000 ! Cerebellar cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1249 name: Squamous cell def: "Flat cells that look like fish scales under a microscope. These cells cover internal and external surfaces of the body." [NCI_Thesaurus:Squamous_cell] synonym: "Squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000076 xref: FMA:66769 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1250 name: Esophageal squamous cell def: "A flat, scale-like epithelial cell that forms the esophageal squamous epithelium." [NCI_Thesaurus:Esophageal_Squamous_Cell] synonym: "Esophagus squamous cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Esophagus squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Esophagus squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Oesophageal squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Oesophagus squamous cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Oesophagus squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1249 ! Squamous cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2624 ! Esophageal squamous epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1251 name: Uterine cervix squamous cell def: "Squamous cell of uterine cervix epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "cervix squamous cell" RELATED [] synonym: "cervix squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "cervix squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "cervix, uterine squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "uterine cervix squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "uterine cervix squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001575 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1249 ! Squamous cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2636 ! Cervix squamous epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1252 name: Oral mucosa squamous cell def: "Squamous cell of oral epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Oral cavity mucosa squamous cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001576 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1249 ! Squamous cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0715 ! Oral epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1253 name: Tonsil squamous cell def: "Squamous cell of tonsil epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Tonsil squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsil squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsillar squamous cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsillar squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001577 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1249 ! Squamous cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2070 ! Tonsil epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1254 name: Vagina squamous cell def: "Squamous cell of vaginal epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Vagina squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Vagina squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Vaginal squamous cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Vaginal squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001578 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1249 ! Squamous cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1325 ! Vaginal epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1255 name: Vulva/Anal squamous cell def: "Squamous cell of vulva/anal epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Vulva/anal skin squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Vulva/anal squamous epithelial cell" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1249 ! Squamous cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2071 ! Vulva/Anal epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1256 name: Cerebral cortex glial cell def: "Glial cell of cerebral cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Brain cortex glial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebral cortex glial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebrum cortex glial cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001579 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1257 name: Hippocampus glial cell def: "Glial cell of hippocampus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Hippocampal glial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Hippocampus glial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Hippocampus neuroglial cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001580 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0460 ! Hippocampus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1258 name: Lateral ventricle glial cell def: "Glial cell of lateral ventricle." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Lateral ventricle glial cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001581 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1230 ! Lateral ventricle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1259 name: Cerebral cortex neuron def: "Neuron of cerebral cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Brain cortex neuron" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebral cortex neural cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebral cortex neuronal cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebral cortex neuronal cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebrum cortex neural cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebrum cortex neuron" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebrum cortex neuronal cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002609 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1260 name: Hippocampus neuron def: "Neuron of hippocampus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Hippocampus neural cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Hippocampus neuronal cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Hippocampus neuronal cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002608 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0460 ! Hippocampus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1261 name: Lateral ventricle neuron def: "Neuron of lateral ventricle." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Lateral ventricle neural cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Lateral ventricle neuronal cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Lateral ventricle neuronal cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001582 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1230 ! Lateral ventricle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1262 name: Renal tubule def: "Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the kidney glomerulus and process this filtrate into urine. Each renal tubule consists of a bowman capsule, proximal kidney tubule, loop of Henle, distal kidney tubule and kidney collecting duct leading to the central cavity of the kidney that connects to the ureter." [MeSH:Kidney_Tubules] synonym: "Kidney cells in tubules" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Nephron tubule" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000343 xref: FMA:15627 xref: MESH:D007684 xref: UBERON:0001231 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1312 ! Nephron [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1263 name: Spleen red pulp def: "Red pulp contains large numbers of red blood cells. The red pulp consists of splenic sinuses separated by the splenic cords or cords of Billroth. Splenic cords contains large numbers of erythrocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, plama cells and granulocytes." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Red pulp of spleen" RELATED [] synonym: "Spleen cells in red pulp" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15844 xref: UBERON:0001250 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0956 ! Spleen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1264 name: Spleen white pulp def: "The white pulp consists of a cylindrical mass of lymphocytes arranged about a central artery. This mass of lymphocytes constitutes the periarterial lymphatic sheath (pals). Lymphatic nodules, ussually containing germinal centers, occur along the length of the periarterial sheath. The periarterial lymphatic sheath is surrounded by less densely packed lymphocytes that constitute the marginal zone. Pals are rich in T-lymphocytes and lymphatic nodules in B-lymphocytes. Region of active immune response through humoral and cell-mediated pathways." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Spleen cells in white pulp" RELATED [] synonym: "White pulp of spleen" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62805 xref: UBERON:0001959 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0956 ! Spleen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1265 name: Uterine corpus def: "Part of the uterus which is the site of embryo implantation and fetal development." [MeSH:Uterus] synonym: "Body of uterus" RELATED [] synonym: "Corpus, uterine" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine body" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus body" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus womb" RELATED [] xref: FMA:17739 xref: UBERON:0009853 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1102 ! Uterus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1266 name: Endometrium stroma def: "The stroma of the uterus contains loose connective tissue, fibroblasts, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves." [HPA:HPA] synonym: "Endometrial stroma" RELATED [] synonym: "Stroma of endometrium" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine endometrium stroma" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus endometrium stroma" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003697 xref: FMA:86487 xref: FMA:86490 xref: UBERON:0002337 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0276 ! Endometrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1267 name: Appendix def: "The appendix is located in the lower right of the GI-tract close to the pelvic bone and can vary in size, however on average it measures 9 centimeters in length. It is well accepted that the immune tissue called gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is important for fighting pathogens passing through the glandular epithelium of the gut and believed to be involved in regulating the gut microbiota. However, the function of the appendix is widely debated due to the apparent lack of importance, as judged by an absence of side effects following an appendectomy. One hypothesis is that the appendix constitutes a vestigial remnant of a once larger cecum, while another hypothesis suggests that it acts as storage for beneficial bacteria during times of illness." [HPA] synonym: "Caecal appendix" RELATED [] synonym: "Cecal appendix" RELATED [] synonym: "Vermiform appendix" RELATED [] synonym: "Vermix" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000084 xref: FMA:14542 xref: MESH:D001065 xref: UBERON:0001154 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/appendix relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0122 ! Cecum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1268 name: Appendix lymphoid tissue def: "Lymphoid tissue located in the appendix." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Appendix lymphoid" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0013689 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0584 ! Lymphoid tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1267 ! Appendix [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1269 name: Lymph node germinal center cell def: "The germinal center or reaction center is the activated center of a lymphoid follicle in secondary lymphoid tissue where B-lymphocytes are stimulated by antigens and helper T cells (T-lymphocytes, helper-inducer) to generate memory cells. Here, the germinal center of a lymph node." [MeSH:germinal_center;neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Lymph node germinal center" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymph node germinal center cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymph node reaction center" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymph node reaction center cells" RELATED [] xref: FMA:55224 xref: UBERON:0009039 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1289 ! Lymph node lymphoid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1270 name: Tonsil lymphoid cell def: "Lymphoid cell located in the tonsil." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1238 ! Lymphoid cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1053 ! Tonsil [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1271 name: Appendix glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of appendix epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Appendix glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Caecal appendix glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cecal appendix glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Vermiform appendix glandular cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001585 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2726 ! Large intestine glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2062 ! Appendix epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1272 name: Mammary gland glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of mammary epithelium. Example: glandular cells of large and intermediate ducts, glandular cells in terminal ducts. Breast glandular cells comprise the mammary gland, which can either be lactating or non-lactating. During pregnancy, non-lactating mammary glands undergo morphological alterations and begin to produce milk due to the influence of hormonal changes." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Breast glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Breast glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Mammary glandular cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001586 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0593 ! Mammary epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1273 name: Uterine cervix glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of uterine cervix epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cervix glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervix, uterine glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cervix, uterine glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001587 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0137 ! Uterine cervix epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1274 name: Colon glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Colon glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001588 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2726 ! Large intestine glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0163 ! Colon epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1275 name: Duodenum glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Duodenum glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001589 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1286 ! Small intestine glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2087 ! Duodenal epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1276 name: Epididymis glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of epididymal epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epididymal glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Epididymis glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001590 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2063 ! Epididymal epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1277 name: Oviduct glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium." [HPA] synonym: "Fallopian tube glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Fallopian tube glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine tube glandular cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001591 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1316 ! Oviduct epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1278 name: Gall bladder glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of gall bladder epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Gall bladder glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Gallbladder glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Gallbladder glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001592 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1304 ! Gall bladder epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1279 name: Parathyroid glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of parathyroid epithelium. Example: Parathyroid chief cell and parathyroid oxyphil cells." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Parathyroid gland glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Parathyroid gland glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001593 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2141 ! Parathyroid epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1280 name: Prostate glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of prostate epithelium. A secretory cell that produces and secretes prostatic fluid. Prostatic fluid contains citric acid, the enzyme fibrinolysin that liquefies the semen, acid phosphatase, a number of other enzymes and lipids. The secretion of the prostate is the first fraction of the ejaculate. The prostate is composed of prostatic glands and a non-glandular stroma. Within the glandular structures, there are secretory cells, which are separated from the basement membrane and stroma by a layer of basal cells." [NCI_Thesaurus:Prostatic_Glandular_Cell;HPA] synonym: "endocrine-paracrine cell of prostate gland" RELATED [] synonym: "prostate glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "prostatic glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "prostatic glandular cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002313 xref: FMA:86774 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2065 ! Prostate epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1281 name: Rectum glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Rectal glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Rectum glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001595 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2726 ! Large intestine glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2066 ! Rectal epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1282 name: Salivary gland glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of salivary gland. Example: Serous cells, mucous cells, cuboidal epithelial cells of the intercalated ducts, simple cuboidal epithelium of the striated ducts, epithelial cells of excretory ducts." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Salivary gland glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001596 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2067 ! Salivary gland epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1283 name: Seminal vesicle glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of seminal vesicle epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Seminal vesicle glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001597 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2069 ! Seminal vesicle epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1284 name: Stomach glandular cell def: "A cell found in the gastric mucosa that produces and secretes mucus, digestive enzymes and/or acids. Example: Mucous neck cells, gastric chief cells, parietal cells (oxyntic cells), enteroendocrine cells, Gastrin-secreting Cells, Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells)." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Gastric glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Gastric tissue glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Stomach glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002659 xref: FMA:86554 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2068 ! Stomach epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1285 name: Thyroid follicular cell def: "An epithelial cell lining the thyroid follicles." [NCI_Thesaurus:Thyroid_Gland_Follicular_Cell] xref: BTO:0003736 xref: CL:0002258 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2166 ! Thyroid gland glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2167 ! Thyroid epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1286 name: Small intestine glandular cell def: "A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) ." [NCI_Thesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Glandular_Cell;neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Small bowel glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Small intestinal glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Small intestine glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001598 xref: FMA:86928 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2104 ! Small intestine epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1287 name: Uterine corpus glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of uterine corpus epithelium. The phenotype of glandular cells in uterine corpus depends on hormonal status (menstrual cycle, and pre/post menopausal status)." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Corpus, uterine glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Corpus, uterine glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus body glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus womb glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus glandular cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2154 ! Uterine corpus epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1288 name: Tonsil germinal center cell def: "The germinal center or reaction center is the activated center of a lymphoid follicle in secondary lymphoid tissue where B-lymphocytes are stimulated by antigens and helper T cells (T-lymphocytes, helper-inducer) to generate memory cells. Here, the germinal center of a tonsil." [MeSH:germinal_center;neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Tonsil germinal center" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsil germinal center cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsil reaction center" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsil reaction center cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsil reaction centre" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0013688 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1270 ! Tonsil lymphoid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1289 name: Lymph node lymphoid cell def: "Lymphoid cell located in lymph nodes." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Lymph gland lymphoid cell" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1238 ! Lymphoid cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0579 ! Lymph node [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1293 name: Alimentary system def: "A group of organs stretching from the mouth to the anus, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory glands (liver; biliary tract; pancreas)." [MeSH:Digestive_System] synonym: "Digestive system" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000058 xref: FMA:7152 xref: MESH:D004064 xref: UBERON:0001007 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1295 name: Ventricular system of brain def: "The ventricular system is a set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. The system comprises four ventricles: right and left lateral ventricles, third ventricle and fourth ventricle. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord." [Wikipedia:Ventricular_system] synonym: "Brain ventricular system" RELATED [] synonym: "Ventricular system" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001442 xref: FMA:242787 xref: MESH:D002552 xref: UBERON:0005282 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1296 name: Bronchoalveolar system def: "Bronchus, bronchiole and alveolus consider together." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0000136 xref: UBERON:0006524 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1297 name: Cardiovascular system def: "The heart and the blood vessels by which blood is pumped and circulated through the body." [MeSH:Cardiovascular_System] xref: BTO:0000088 xref: FMA:7161 xref: MESH:D002319 xref: UBERON:0004535 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1298 name: Colorectum def: "Having to do with the colon or the rectum." [NCI_Thesaurus:Colorectal] synonym: "Colorectal" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001613 xref: UBERON:0012652 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1306 ! Large intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1299 name: Dermal system def: "The outer covering of the body composed of the skin and the skin appendages, which are the hair, the nails; and the sebaceous glands and the sweat glands and their ducts." [MeSH:Dermis] synonym: "Integumental system" RELATED [] synonym: "Integumentary system" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72979 xref: UBERON:0002416 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1300 name: Endocrine gland def: "Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood circulation. These hormones influence the metabolism and other functions of cells in the body." [MeSH:Endocrine_Glands] synonym: "Ductless gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001488 xref: FMA:9602 xref: MESH:D004702 xref: UBERON:0002368 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1301 ! Endocrine system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1301 name: Endocrine system def: "The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the endocrine glands, included are the chromaffin system and the neurosecretory systems. We consider as members of the endocrine system the specialized ductless glands, and we do not include here other organs that have secondary endocrine functions." [MeSH:Endocrine_System;neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:9668 xref: UBERON:0000949 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1302 name: Endocrine pancreas def: "Part of pancreas with endocrine function performed by the islets of Langerhans." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Endocrine part of pancreas" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000650 xref: FMA:16018 xref: UBERON:0000016 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0736 ! Pancreas [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1303 name: Female reproductive system def: "The external and internal organs related to female reproduction. Includes the uterus, the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the vagina and vulva." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "female genital system" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000083 xref: FMA:45663 xref: UBERON:0000474 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1318 ! Reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1304 name: Gall bladder epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the gall bladder. Tall simple columnar absorptive epithelium. Has characteristics that distinguish it from the absorptive epithelium of other organs such as the intestines. Only tall columnar cells are present in the epithelial layer. The nuclei are in the basal portion of the cell. The cells possess a thin apical striated border. The epithelial cells frequently exhibit distended intercellular spaces at their basal aspect." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of gall bladder" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of gallbladder" RELATED [] synonym: "Gallbladder epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001449 xref: FMA:67711 xref: UBERON:0002029 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0394 ! Gall bladder [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1306 name: Large intestine def: "A segment of the lower gastrointestinal tract that includes the cecum; the colon; and the rectum." [MeSH:Large_Intestine] synonym: "Large bowel" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000706 xref: FMA:7201 xref: MESH:D007420 xref: UBERON:0000059 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0490 ! Intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1307 name: Limbic system def: "A set of forebrain structures common to all mammals that is defined functionally and anatomically. It is implicated in the higher integration of visceral, olfactory, and somatic information as well as homeostatic responses including fundamental survival behaviors (feeding, mating, emotion). For most authors, it includes the amygdala; epithalamus; gyrus cinguli; hippocampal formation (see hippocampus); hypothalamus; parahippocampal gyrus; septal nuclei; anterior nuclear group of thalamus, and portions of the basal ganglia." [MeSH:Limbic_System] xref: BTO:0000928 xref: FMA:242000 xref: MESH:D008032 xref: UBERON:0000349 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1308 name: Liver and biliary system def: "The liver, bile ducts and gallbladder consider together." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Hepatobiliary system" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0002423 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1293 ! Alimentary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1310 name: Male reproductive system def: "The external and internal organs related to male reproduction. Includes the testes, the epididymis, the ejaculatory fluid producing glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and vas deferens), the penis, the urethra, and Cowper's gland." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Male genital system" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000082 xref: FMA:45664 xref: UBERON:0000079 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1318 ! Reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1311 name: Musculoskeletal system def: "The muscles, bones (bone and bones), and cartilage of the body." [MeSH:Musculoskeletal_System] synonym: "musculo-skeletal system" RELATED [] xref: FMA:7482 xref: UBERON:0002204 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1312 name: Nephron def: "The functional units of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and the attached tubule." [MeSH:Nephrons] xref: BTO:0000924 xref: FMA:17640 xref: MESH:D009399 xref: UBERON:0001285 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0510 ! Kidney [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1313 name: Nervous system def: "The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses." [MeSH:Nervous_System] xref: BTO:0001484 xref: FMA:7157 xref: UBERON:0001016 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1315 name: Mouth def: "The oval-shaped oral cavity located at the apex of the digestive tract and consisting of two parts: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper." [MeSH:Mouth] xref: BTO:0001090 xref: FMA:49184 xref: MESH:D009055 xref: UBERON:0000165 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0407 ! Gastrointestinal tract relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1316 name: Oviduct epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the oviduct. Simple columnar epithelium composed of two kinds of cells, ciliated and non-ciliated. They represent different functional states of a single cell type. The epithelial cells undergo cyclic changings during menstrual cycle." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of fallopian tube" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of oviduct" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of uterine tube" RELATED [] synonym: "Fallopian tube epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine tube epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002402 xref: FMA:62016 xref: UBERON:0004804 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0732 ! Oviduct [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1317 name: Renal corpuscle def: "The renal corpuscle contains the filtration apparatus of the kidney. Are spherical structures composed of a glomerulus (glomerular vascular tuft) surrounded by the visceral and parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Corpusculum renale" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney corpuscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Malphigian corpuscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000333 xref: FMA:15625 xref: UBERON:0001229 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0503 ! Kidney cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1312 ! Nephron [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1318 name: Reproductive system def: "The external and internal organs related to reproduction." [MeSH:Reproductive_system] synonym: "Genital system" RELATED [] synonym: "Genitalia" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000081 xref: FMA:7160 xref: MESH:D005835 xref: UBERON:0000990 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1319 name: Respiratory system def: "The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about." [MeSH:Reticulocytes] xref: BTO:0000203 xref: FMA:7158 xref: MESH:D012137 xref: UBERON:0001004 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1320 name: Skeletal system def: "The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage." [NCI_Thesaurus:Skeletal_system] xref: BTO:0001486 xref: FMA:23881 xref: UBERON:0001434 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1311 ! Musculoskeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1323 name: Urinary system def: "The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra, and two sphincter muscles." [Wikipedia:Urinary_system] synonym: "Excretory system" RELATED [] synonym: "Urinary tract" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003092 xref: FMA:7159 xref: MESH:D014551 xref: UBERON:0001008 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-1325 name: Vaginal epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the vagina. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of vagina" RELATED [] synonym: "Vagina epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000422 xref: FMA:19978 xref: UBERON:0001344 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1103 ! Vagina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2000 name: Cerebellar cortex def: "The superficial very tightly folded layer of gray matter of the cerebellum. The cerebellar cortex is divided into three layers: granular layer, Purkinje layer and molecular layer." [Wikipedia:Cerebellar_cortex] synonym: "Cerebellum cortex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000043 xref: FMA:72248 xref: MESH:D002525 xref: UBERON:0002129 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2001 name: Autonomic nervous system def: "The enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus and the solitary nucleus, which receive information relayed from visceral afferents; these and related central and sensory structures are sometimes (but not here) considered to be part of the autonomic nervous system itself." [MeSH:Autonomic_Nervous_System] xref: BTO:0002507 xref: FMA:9905 xref: MESH:D001341 xref: UBERON:0002410 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0808 ! Peripheral nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2002 name: B Lymphoblast def: "A morphologically immature B-lymphocyte, once thought to represent an early stage in lymphocyte development but now known to be an activated lymphocyte that has been transformed in response to antigenic stimulation." [NCI_Thesaurus:Precursor_B-Lymphoblast] synonym: "B-lymphoblast" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001528 xref: CL:0000231 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0581 ! Lymphoblast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2003 name: Bronchiole def: "The small airways branching off the tertiary bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead into several orders of respiratory bronchioles which in turn lead into alveolar ducts and then into pulmonary alveoli." [MeSH:Bronchioles] synonym: "Bronchioles" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchioli" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchiolus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002375 xref: FMA:7410 xref: MESH:D055745 xref: UBERON:0002186 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1296 ! Bronchoalveolar system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2004 name: Omentum def: "A double-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to other organs in the abdominal cavity. A fold of peritoneum originating at the stomach and supporting the viscera." [NCI_Thesaurus:Omentum] xref: FMA:14650 xref: MESH:D009852 xref: UBERON:0003688 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2072 ! Peritoneum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2005 name: Anus def: "The external outlet of the gastrointestinal tract." [MeSH:Anal_Canal] synonym: "Anal orifice" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001680 xref: FMA:15711 xref: UBERON:0001245 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1306 ! Large intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2006 name: Capillary def: "The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules." [MeSH:Capillaries] synonym: "Blood capillary" RELATED [] synonym: "Capillary vessel" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002045 xref: FMA:63194 xref: MESH:D002196 xref: UBERON:0001982 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0080 ! Blood vessel [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2007 name: Cerebral hemisphere def: "One half of the cerebrum, the part of the brain that controls muscle functions and also controls speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. The right hemisphere controls the muscles on the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of the body." [NCI_Thesaurus:Cerebral_hemisphere] xref: BTO:0000231 xref: FMA:61817 xref: UBERON:0001869 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1018 ! Telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2008 name: Dura mater def: "The outermost of the three meninges, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord." [MeSH:Dura_Mater] xref: BTO:0001637 xref: FMA:9592 xref: MESH:D004388 xref: UBERON:0002363 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1177 ! Meninges [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2009 name: Connective tissue def: "Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix." [MeSH:Connective_Tissue] xref: BTO:0000421 xref: FMA:9640 xref: MESH:D003238 xref: UBERON:0002384 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2010 name: Descending colon def: "The segment of large intestine between transverse colon and the sigmoid colon." [MeSH:Descending_Colon] synonym: "Colon descendens" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000641 xref: FMA:14547 xref: MESH:D044683 xref: UBERON:0001158 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0202 ! Distal colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2011 name: Bone tissue def: "A specialized connective tissue that is the main constituent of the skeleton. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of osteoblasts; osteocytes; and osteoclasts, while fibrillar collagens and hydroxyapatite crystals form the bone matrix." [MeSH:Bone_and_Bones] synonym: "Osseous tissue" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000140 xref: FMA:224804 xref: MESH:D001842 xref: UBERON:0002481 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2012 name: Exocrine gland def: "A gland from which secretions reach a free surface of the body by ducts." [NCI_Thesaurus:Exocrine_gland] xref: BTO:0000765 xref: FMA:9596 xref: MESH:D005088 xref: UBERON:0002365 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2057 ! Exocrine system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2013 name: Globus pallidus def: "The representation of the phylogenetically oldest part of the corpus striatum called the paleostriatum. It forms the smaller, more medial part of the lentiform nucleus." [MeSH:Globus_Pallidus] xref: BTO:0002246 xref: FMA:61835 xref: MESH:D005917 xref: UBERON:0001875 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2014 name: Fetal bone def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult bone." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2015 name: Fourth ventricle def: "An irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space." [MeSH:Fourth_Ventricle] synonym: "4th ventricle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003426 xref: FMA:78469 xref: MESH:D020546 xref: UBERON:0002422 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0457 ! Hindbrain relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1295 ! Ventricular system of brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2016 name: Granulocytopoietic cell def: "The cells in the granulocytic series that give rise to mature granulocytes (neutrophils; eosinophils; and basophils). These precursor cells include myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes." [MeSH:Granulocyte_Precursor_Cells] synonym: "Granulocyte precursor cells" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2017 name: Hematopoietic cell def: "A cell of a hematopoietic lineage." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Haematopoietic cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Hemopoietic cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000574 xref: CL:0000988 xref: FMA:83598 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0449 ! Hematopoietic and immune systems [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2018 name: Hemolymphoid and immune system def: "The hematopoietic, lymphoid and immune systems considered together. The immune system is the body's defense mechanism against foreign organisms or substances and deviant native cells. It includes the humoral immune response and the cell-mediated response and consists of a complex of interrelated cellular, molecular, and genetic components." [neXtProt:PDR;MeSH:Immune_System] synonym: "Haemolymph system" RELATED [] synonym: "Hematolymphoid system" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymphomyeloid system" RELATED [] xref: FMA:74562 xref: UBERON:0002193 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2019 name: Histiocyte def: "Macrophages found in the tissues, as opposed to those found in the blood (monocytes) or serous cavities (serous membrane)." [MeSH:Histiocytes] synonym: "Tissue macrophage" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000602 xref: CL:0000235 xref: FMA:83585 xref: MESH:D006644 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0587 ! Macrophage [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2020 name: Hypopharynx def: "The bottom portion of the pharynx situated below the oropharynx and posterior to the larynx. The hypopharynx communicates with the larynx through the laryngeal inlet, and is also called laryngopharynx." [MeSH:Hypopharynx] synonym: "laryngopharynx" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001740 xref: FMA:54880 xref: MESH:D007013 xref: UBERON:0001051 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0407 ! Gastrointestinal tract relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0785 ! Pharynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2021 name: Acinar cell def: "Any of the cells lining an acinus. Acinus is a general term used to designate a small saclike dilatation, particularly one found in various glands." [NCI_Thesaurus:Acinar_cell] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2022 name: Appendix mucosa def: "Part of the large intestine mucosa lining the appendix." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Mucosa of appendix" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of vermiform appendix" RELATED [] xref: FMA:14991 xref: UBERON:0004989 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2106 ! Large intestine mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1267 ! Appendix [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2023 name: Joint def: "The connection point between two bones or skeletal elements. The joint may be fixed or movable. Is an organ that constitutes an anatomical junction; it consists of two or more adjacent bones, parts of which are interconnected by organ parts that consist of various types of connective tissue. Together with other joints and bones, a joint constitutes the skeletal system. Example(s): pubic symphysis, knee joint, temporomandibular joint." [NCI_Thesaurus:Joint] synonym: "Joints" RELATED [] synonym: "Skeletal joint" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001686 xref: FMA:7490 xref: MESH:D007596 xref: UBERON:0000982 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1320 ! Skeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2024 name: Lymphatic system def: "A system of organs and tissues that process and transport immune cells and lymph." [MeSH:Lymphatic_System] xref: FMA:7162 xref: MESH:D008208 xref: UBERON:0006558 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2018 ! Hemolymphoid and immune system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2025 name: Lymphoid stem cell def: "Stem cells from which B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and some dendritic cells derive." [MeSH:Lymphoid_Progenitor_Cells] synonym: "Lymphoid progenitor cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000838 xref: FMA:70338 xref: MESH:D054503 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0448 ! Hematopoietic stem cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2026 name: Epithelial cell def: "Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (epithelium) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the skin; the mouth; the nose; and the anal canal derive from ectoderm; those lining the respiratory system and the digestive system derive from endoderm; others (cardiovascular system and lymphatic system) from mesoderm." [MeSH:Epithelial_Cells] xref: BTO:0000414 xref: CL:0000066 xref: FMA:66768 xref: MESH:D004847 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2027 name: Macroglia def: "The astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Macroglial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000771 xref: CL:0000126 xref: FMA:54538 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2028 name: Lateral thalamic nuclei def: "A narrow strip of cell groups on the dorsomedial surface of the thalamus. It includes the lateral dorsal nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, and the pulvinar." [MeSH:Lateral_Thalamic_Nuclei] synonym: "Lateral nuclear group of thalamus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62174 xref: MESH:D020647 xref: UBERON:0002736 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2029 name: Metencephalon def: "The anterior portion of the developing hindbrain. It gives rise to the cerebellum and the pons." [MeSH:Metencephalon] xref: BTO:0000673 xref: FMA:62003 xref: MESH:D020540 xref: UBERON:0001895 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0457 ! Hindbrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2030 name: Monopoietic cell def: "Cells of the monopoietic lineage. Monocytes at different stages of maturation resident at the bone marrow, blood or lymphoid tissues. Includes monoblast, promonocytes, monocytes, macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells." [neXtProt:PDR] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2031 name: Mucosa def: "An epithelium with mucus-secreting cells, such as goblet cells. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose connective tissue, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of smooth muscle cells that separates the mucosa from submucosa." [MeSH:Mucous_Membrane] synonym: "Mucous membrane" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000886 xref: FMA:85355 xref: MESH:D009092 xref: UBERON:0000344 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2032 name: Muscle cell def: "Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (muscle fibers, skeletal), cardiac (myocytes, cardiac), and smooth (myocytes, smooth muscle). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called myoblasts." [MeSH:Muscle_Cells] synonym: "Myocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000888 xref: BTO:0000902 xref: CL:0000187 xref: FMA:67328 xref: MESH:D032342 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0642 ! Muscle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2034 name: Nail def: "The thin, horny plates that cover the dorsal surfaces of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes of primates." [MeSH:Nails] xref: FMA:54326 xref: MESH:D009262 xref: UBERON:0001705 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0051 ! Skin appendage [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2035 name: Cell type def: "The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of cytoplasm containing various organelles and a cell membrane boundary." [MeSH:Cells] synonym: "Cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000000 xref: FMA:68646 xref: MESH:D002477 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2178 ! Human anatomical entity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2036 name: Nongranular leukocyte def: "Mature lymphocytes and monocytes transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules." [MeSH:Mononuclear_Leukocytes] synonym: "Agranular leukocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Mononuclear leukocyte" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2037 name: Nose def: "A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of smell. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the paranasal sinuses." [MeSH:Nose] xref: BTO:0000840 xref: FMA:46472 xref: MESH:D009666 xref: UBERON:0000004 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2043 ! Sense organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1319 ! Respiratory system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2542 ! Olfactory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2038 name: Parahippocampal gyrus def: "Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface, posterior to the entorhinal cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries are the posterior end of the netorhinal cortex and the caudal portion of the hippocampus, respectively. The medial boudnary is designated as the medial aspect off the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus." [UBERON:Christine Fennema-Notestine] synonym: "Hippocampal gyrus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004380 xref: FMA:61918 xref: MESH:D020534 xref: UBERON:0002973 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2689 ! Temporal cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1307 ! Limbic system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2039 name: Thigh def: "A part of the lower limb, located between hip and knee." [NCI_Thesaurus:Thigh] synonym: "Upper leg" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001376 xref: FMA:24967 xref: MESH:D013848 xref: UBERON:0000376 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2206 ! Leg [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2040 name: Nervous system cell def: "Cell types pertaining to the nevous system." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1313 ! Nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2041 name: Putamen def: "The largest and most lateral of the basal ganglia lying between the lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus and the external capsule. It is part of the neostriatum and forms part of the lentiform nucleus along with the globus pallidus." [MeSH:Putamen] xref: FMA:61834 xref: MESH:D011699 xref: UBERON:0001874 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2042 name: Hematopoietic and immune system cell def: "Cell types pertaining to the hematopoietic and immune system." [neXtProt:PDR] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2043 name: Sense organ def: "Organ involved in the perception of internal and/or external stimuli." [MeSH:Sertoli_Cells] synonym: "Sensory organ" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000202 xref: UBERON:0000020 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2540 ! Sensory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2044 name: Sigmoid colon def: "A segment of the colon between the rectum and the descending colon." [MeSH:Sigmoid_Colon] xref: BTO:0000645 xref: FMA:14548 xref: MESH:D012809 xref: UBERON:0001159 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0202 ! Distal colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2045 name: Neck def: "The region that connects the head to the rest of the body." [NCI_Thesaurus:Neck] xref: BTO:0000420 xref: FMA:7155 xref: MESH:D009333 xref: UBERON:0000974 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2356 ! Head and neck [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2046 name: Sperm cell def: "Male germ cells undergoing the process of spermatogenesis. Include spermatogonium, spermatid, spermatocyte and spermatozoon." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Sperm" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2047 name: Striated muscle tissue def: "One of two types of muscles in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the cardiac muscle and the skeletal muscle." [MeSH:Striated_Muscle] synonym: "Stripped muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Stripped muscle tissue" RELATED [] xref: FMA:67905 xref: MESH:D054792 xref: UBERON:0002036 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0642 ! Muscle tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2048 name: Subthalamus def: "A transition zone in the anterior part of the diencephalon interposed between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon. Components of the subthalamus include the subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, nucleus of field H, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis. The latter contains the entopeduncular nucleus." [MeSH:Subthalamus] synonym: "Subthalamic region" RELATED [] synonym: "Ventral thalamus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62010 xref: MESH:D020530 xref: UBERON:0001900 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0199 ! Diencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2049 name: Sympathetic chain def: "A paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx." [Wikipedia:Sympathetic_trunk] synonym: "Sympathetic trunk" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001834 xref: FMA:6258 xref: UBERON:0000407 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2050 ! Sympathetic nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2050 name: Sympathetic nervous system def: "The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system." [MeSH:Sympathetic_Nervous_System] xref: BTO:0001832 xref: FMA:9906 xref: MESH:D013564 xref: UBERON:0000013 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2001 ! Autonomic nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2051 name: Thrombocytopoietic cell def: "Cells of the thrombocytopoietic lineage resident at the bone marrow or blood. Include megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte, megakaryocyte and thrombocytes." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Thrombopoietic cell" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2052 name: Transverse colon def: "The segment of large intestine between ascending colon and descending colon. It passes from the right colic flexure across the abdomen, then turns sharply at the left colonic flexure into the descending colon." [MeSH:Transverse_Colon] xref: BTO:0000272 xref: FMA:14546 xref: MESH:D044684 xref: UBERON:0001157 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2053 name: Vascular system def: "Arteries, veins and capillaries considered together." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0001085 xref: UBERON:0007798 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2054 name: Choroid def: "The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the retina and sclera." [MeSH:Choroid] synonym: "Optic choroid" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001829 xref: FMA:58298 xref: MESH:D002829 xref: UBERON:0001776 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2055 name: Fovea centralis def: "An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell." [MeSH:Fovea_Centralis] synonym: "Fovea" RELATED [] xref: FMA:58658 xref: MESH:D005584 xref: UBERON:0001786 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0865 ! Retina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2056 name: Immune cell def: "Cell of the immune system, which includes leukocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells." [neXtProt:PDR] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2057 name: Exocrine system def: "The system of glands that release their secretions through ducts into the external environment." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:85539 xref: UBERON:0002330 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2058 name: Third ventricle def: "A narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the hypothalamus, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by ependyma. It communicates with the fourth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, and with the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina." [MeSH:Third_Ventricle] synonym: "3rd ventricle" RELATED [] synonym: "Ventriculus tertius" RELATED [] xref: FMA:78454 xref: MESH:D020542 xref: UBERON:0002286 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0199 ! Diencephalon relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1295 ! Ventricular system of brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2059 name: Vermis def: "A medial narrow structure connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebellum." [NCI_Thesaurus:Vermis] synonym: "Cerebellar vermis" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum vermis" RELATED [] synonym: "Vermis of cerebellum" RELATED [] xref: FMA:76928 xref: UBERON:0004720 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2060 name: Epithalamus def: "The dorsal posterior subdivision of the diencephalon. The epithalamus is generally considered to include the habenular nuclei (habenula) and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle. The anterior and posterior paraventricular nuclei of the thalamus are included with the thalamic nuclei although they develop from the same pronuclear mass as the epithalamic nuclei and are sometimes considered part of the epithalamus." [MeSH:Epithalamus] xref: BTO:0000175 xref: FMA:62009 xref: MESH:D019261 xref: UBERON:0001899 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0199 ! Diencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2061 name: Limbic lobe def: "The limbic lobe is an arc-shaped region of cortex on the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere of the mammalian brain, consisting of parts of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. A horseshoe-shaped section of the cerebral cortex, comprising the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus." [Wikipedia:Limbic_lobe] synonym: "Fornicate gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72719 xref: UBERON:0002600 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2007 ! Cerebral hemisphere [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2062 name: Appendix epithelium def: "Part of the large intestine epithelium lining the appendix. Simple columnar epithelium, consisting of many goblet cells." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of appendix" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of vermiform appendix" RELATED [] xref: FMA:63581 xref: UBERON:0009697 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2105 ! Large intestine epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2022 ! Appendix mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2063 name: Epididymal epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the epididymis. Pseudostratified columnar. Contains two cell types: tall columnar cells and basal cells. The columnar cells are tallest in the head of the epididymis and diminish in height as the tail is reached. The free surface of the cell possesses stereocilia." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epididymis epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of epididymis" RELATED [] xref: FMA:19153 xref: UBERON:0004544 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0285 ! Epididymis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2065 name: Prostate epithelium def: "The epithelium of the prostate is generally columnar but may have patches that are cuboidal, squamous, or pseudostratified." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of prostate" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of prostate gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of prostatic gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Prostate epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Prostate gland epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Prostate gland epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Prostatic gland epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002397 xref: FMA:79643 xref: UBERON:0000428 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0828 ! Prostate [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2066 name: Rectal epithelium def: "Simple columnar epithelium lining the rectum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of rectum" RELATED [] synonym: "Rectum epithelium" RELATED [] xref: FMA:17510 xref: UBERON:0003354 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2105 ! Large intestine epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2107 ! Rectum mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2067 name: Salivary gland epithelium def: "Epithelium of the salivary gland. It can be simple cuboidal, stratified cuboidal, stratified squamous, stratified columnar or pseudostratified." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of salivary gland" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004421 xref: UBERON:0004809 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0892 ! Salivary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2068 name: Stomach epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the stomach. Simple columnar epithelium. These columnar cells are designated surface mucous cells. Each cell possesses a large apical cup of mucinogen granules, thereby creating an epithelial surface that is a glandular sheet of cells. The mucus cup occupies most of the volume of the cell." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of stomach" RELATED [] synonym: "Gastric epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000500 xref: FMA:17091 xref: UBERON:0001276 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0404 ! Stomach mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2069 name: Seminal vesicle epithelium def: "Pseudostratified columnar epithelium that contains tall, non-ciliated columnar cells and short round cells that rest on the basal lamina. The columnar cells have the morphology of protein-secreting cells." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of seminal vesicle" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0004805 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0919 ! Seminal vesicle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2070 name: Tonsil epithelium def: "The epithelium that forms the surface of the tonsil dips into the underlying connective tissue in numerous places, forming crypts kown as tonsillar crypts. Stratified squamous epithelium, that may be heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. Epithelial cells are present in the germinal as well as in the periphery of the nodule." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of tonsil" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0013696 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1053 ! Tonsil [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2071 name: Vulva/Anal epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the vulva/anal region." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2072 name: Peritoneum def: "A membrane of squamous epithelial cells, the mesothelial cells, covered by apical microvilli that allow rapid absorption of fluid and particles in the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneum is divided into parietal and visceral components. The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the abdominal wall. The visceral peritoneum covers the intraperitoneal organs. The double-layered peritoneum forms the mesentery that suspends these organs from the abdominal wall." [MeSH:Peritoneum] xref: BTO:0001472 xref: FMA:9584 xref: MESH:D010537 xref: UBERON:0002358 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0001 ! Abdomen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2073 name: Greater omentum def: "A large fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach, and extends from the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall after associating with the transverse colon." [NCI_Thesaurus:Greater_omentum] xref: FMA:9580 xref: UBERON:0005448 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2004 ! Omentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2074 name: Gingiva def: "Oral tissue surrounding and attached to teeth." [MeSH:Gingiva] synonym: "Gum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000519 xref: FMA:59762 xref: MESH:D005881 xref: UBERON:0001828 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2075 name: Endocardium def: "The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells." [MeSH:Endocardium] synonym: "heart endocardium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000387 xref: FMA:7280 xref: MESH:D004699 xref: UBERON:0002165 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0445 ! Heart [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2076 name: Dermis def: "A layer of vascularized connective tissue underneath the epidermis. The surface of the dermis contains innervated papillae. Embedded in or beneath the dermis are sweat glands; hair follicles; and sebaceous glands." [MeSH:Dermis] synonym: "Corium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000294 xref: FMA:70323 xref: MESH:D020405 xref: UBERON:0002067 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2077 name: Trigeminal nucleus def: "Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve situated in the brain stem. They include the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (trigeminal nucleus, spinal), the principal sensory nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus, and the motor nucleus." [MeSH:Trigeminal_Nuclei] synonym: "Trigeminal nuclei" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001074 xref: FMA:71248 xref: MESH:D014278 xref: UBERON:0002925 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0093 ! Brain stem [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2078 name: Vestibular nuclei def: "The four cellular masses in the floor of the fourth ventricle giving rise to a widely dispersed special sensory system. Included is the superior, medial, inferior, and lateral vestibular nucleus." [MeSH:Vestibular_Nuclei] synonym: "Vestibular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004368 xref: FMA:54602 xref: MESH:D014726 xref: UBERON:0002673 xref: UBERON:0007228 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2079 name: Superior vestibular nuclei def: "The superior vestibular nucleus (Bechterews nucleus) is the dorso-lateral part of the vestibular nucleus and receives collaterals and terminals from the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve." [Wikipedia:Superior_vestibular_nucleus] synonym: "Nucleus of Bechterew" RELATED [] synonym: "Superior vestibular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004372 xref: FMA:54617 xref: UBERON:0007227 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2078 ! Vestibular nuclei [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2080 name: Osseous labyrinth def: "The essential part of the hearing organ consists of two labyrinthine compartments: the bony labyrinthine and the membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth is a complex of three interconnecting cavities or spaces (cochlea; vestibular labyrinth; and semicircular canals) in the temporal bone. Within the bony labyrinth lies the membranous labyrinth which is a complex of sacs and tubules (cochlear duct; saccule and utricle; and semicircular ducts) forming a continuous space enclosed by epithelium and connective tissue. These spaces are filled with labyrinthine fluids of various compositions." [MeSH:Inner_Ear] synonym: "Bony labyrinth" RELATED [] xref: FMA:60179 xref: UBERON:0001839 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0478 ! Inner ear [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2081 name: Pleura def: "The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs (lung) and lining the thoracic cavity. Pleura consist of two layers, the inner visceral pleura lying next to the pulmonary parenchyma and the outer parietal pleura. Between the two layers is the pleural cavity which contains a thin film of liquid." [MeSH:Pleura] xref: BTO:0001791 xref: FMA:9583 xref: MESH:D010994 xref: UBERON:0000977 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1319 ! Respiratory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2082 name: Paranasal sinuses def: "Air-filled spaces located within the bones around the nasal cavity. They are extensions of the nasal cavity and lined by the ciliated nasal mucosa. Each sinus is named for the cranial bone in which it is located, such as the ethmoid sinus; the frontal sinus; the maxillary sinus; and the sphenoid sinus." [MeSH:Paranasal_Sinuses] synonym: "Sinus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:76587 xref: MESH:D010256 xref: UBERON:0001825 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2456 ! Sinonasal and nasal cavity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2083 name: Breast def: "In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the thorax. The breasts consist of the mammary glands, the skin, the muscles, the adipose tissue, and the connective tissues." [MeSH:Breast] synonym: "Mammary region" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000149 xref: FMA:9601 xref: MESH:D001940 xref: UBERON:0000310 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2084 name: Body part def: "Anatomical areas of the body." [MeSH:Body_Regions] synonym: "Anatomical site" RELATED [] synonym: "Body region" RELATED [] xref: FMA:7153 xref: MESH:D001829 xref: UBERON:0000475 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2178 ! Human anatomical entity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2085 name: Glandular cell def: "Glandular epithelial cells are multifunctional cells with the main functions of secretion and absorption. Glandular epithelia are found at the surface of inner cavities of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, and uterus, and glandular organs such as pancreas, prostate and breast. An epithelial cell which may release secretions to a free epithelial surface (exocrine) or to the circulatory system (endocrine). Glandular cells are part of glandular epithelium." [HPA:NCI_Thesaurus:Glandular_Cell] synonym: "Glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Glandular epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Secretory cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000150 xref: FMA:86494 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2086 name: Stem cell def: "Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells." [MeSH:Stem_Cells] xref: CL:0000034 xref: FMA:63368 xref: MESH:D013234 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2087 name: Duodenal epithelium def: "Simple columnar epithelium lining the duodenum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Duodenum epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of duodenum" RELATED [] xref: FMA:17231 xref: UBERON:0008346 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2104 ! Small intestine epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0213 ! Duodenal mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2088 name: Anatomical system def: "A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common function." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:7149 xref: UBERON:0000467 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2178 ! Human anatomical entity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2089 name: First arch def: "The first branchial arch, also called the first pharyngeal arch and mandibular arch, is the first of six pharyngeal arches that develops in fetal life during the fourth week of development. It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove." [Wikipedia:First_pharyngeal_arch] synonym: "Pharyngeal arch 1" RELATED [] synonym: "1st arch" RELATED [] synonym: "1st branchial arch" RELATED [] synonym: "1st pharyngeal arch" RELATED [] synonym: "first branchial arch" RELATED [] xref: MESH:D001934 xref: UBERON:0004362 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2110 ! Embryonic structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2090 name: Tissue def: "Collections of differentiated cells, such as epithelium; connective tissue; muscles; and nerve tissue. Tissues are cooperatively arranged to form organs with specialized functions such as respiration; digestion; reproduction; movement; and others." [MeSH:Tissues] xref: FMA:9637 xref: MESH:D014024 xref: UBERON:0000479 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2178 ! Human anatomical entity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2091 name: Embryonic pharynx def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult pharynx." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2092 name: Gestational structure def: "Any of the developmental structures during the gestation period (from fertilization to birth)." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:63917 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2178 ! Human anatomical entity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2093 name: Enteric nervous system def: "Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation." [MeSH:Enteric_Nervous_System] xref: BTO:0002506 xref: FMA:66070 xref: MESH:D017615 xref: UBERON:0002005 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2001 ! Autonomic nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2094 name: Parasympathetic nervous system def: "The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system." [MeSH:Parasympathetic_Nervous_System] xref: BTO:0001833 xref: FMA:9907 xref: MESH:D010275 xref: UBERON:0000011 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2001 ! Autonomic nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2096 name: Connective tissue cell def: "A group of cells that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells." [MeSH:Connective_Tissue_Cells] xref: CL:0002320 xref: FMA:63875 xref: MESH:D003239 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2097 name: Bone cell def: "Cell type found in bone tissue." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:0001035 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2011 ! Bone tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2099 name: Myeloid stem cell def: "Stem cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells. Derived from these myeloid progenitor cells are the megakaryocytes; erythroid cells; myeloid cells; and some dendritic cells." [MeSH:Myeloid_Progenitor_Cells] synonym: "Myeloid progenitor cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000049 xref: FMA:70339 xref: MESH:D023461 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0448 ! Hematopoietic stem cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2100 name: Embryonic tissue def: "The three primary germinal layers (ectoderm; endoderm; and mesoderm) developed during gastrulation that provide tissues and body plan of a mature organism. They derive from two early layers, hypoblast and epiblast." [MeSH:Germ_Layers] synonym: "Embryonic germ layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Germ layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Germinal layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000556 xref: FMA:69069 xref: MESH:D005855 xref: UBERON:0005291 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2122 ! Developmental tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2101 name: Fluid and secretion def: "Liquid substances produced by living organisms to fulfill specific functions or excreted as waste." [MeSH:Fluids_and_Secretions] synonym: "Fluids and secretions" RELATED [] xref: FMA:9669 xref: MESH:D005441 xref: UBERON:0000463 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2178 ! Human anatomical entity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2102 name: Lymphatic vessel def: "Tubular vessels that are involved in the transport of lymph and lymphocytes." [MeSH:Lymphatic_Vessels] synonym: "lymph vessel" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000752 xref: FMA:30315 xref: MESH:D042601 xref: UBERON:0001473 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2024 ! Lymphatic system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2103 name: Circulatory system def: "The cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system consider together." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: UBERON:0001009 is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2104 name: Small intestine epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the small intestine. The mature cells of the intestinal epithelium are found both in the crypts and on the surface of the villi. They include enterocytes or absorptive cells, goblet cells, paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells and M cells." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of small intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "Small intestinal epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Small intestinal epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Small intestine epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001258 xref: FMA:62017 xref: UBERON:0001902 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0941 ! Small intestine mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2105 name: Large intestine epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the large intestine. The mucosal epithelium of the large intestine contains the same cell types as the small intestine (enterocytes or absorptive cells, goblet, paneth, enteroendocrine and M cells) but paneth cells are normally absent in the adult human." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Epithelium of large intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "Large bowel epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Large intestinal epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Large intestine epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: FMA:17301 xref: UBERON:0001278 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2106 ! Large intestine mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2106 name: Large intestine mucosa def: "The mucosa of the large intestine contains numerous straight tubular glands (crypts of Lieberkuehn) that extend through the full thickness of the mucosa. The glands consist of simple cuboidal epithelium, as does the intestinal surface from which they invaginate." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Large intestinal mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of large intestine" RELATED [] xref: FMA:14969 xref: UBERON:0001207 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1306 ! Large intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2107 name: Rectum mucosa def: "Part of the large intestine mucosa lining the rectum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Mucosa of rectum" RELATED [] synonym: "Rectal mucosa" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15033 xref: UBERON:0003346 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2106 ! Large intestine mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1180 ! Rectum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2108 name: Exocrine pancreas epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the exocrine pancreas." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of exocrine pancreas" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0013697 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1241 ! Exocrine pancreas [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2109 name: Bone marrow hematopoietic cell def: "Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Bone marrow hematopoietic cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Bone marrow poietic cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001610 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2017 ! Hematopoietic cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2576 ! Bone marrow cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2142 ! Hematopoietic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2110 name: Embryonic structure def: "The anatomical parts that make up an organism in the early stages of development." [MeSH:Embryonic_Structures] synonym: "Developmental anatomy" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000174 xref: FMA:69067 xref: MESH:D004628 xref: UBERON:0002050 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2111 name: Fetal ear def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult ear." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal auditory apparatus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2112 name: Fetal cochlea def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult cochlea." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal cochlear organ" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2111 ! Fetal ear [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2113 name: Fetal dura mater def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult dura mater." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0328 ! Fetal brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2114 name: Fetal frontal lobe def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult frontal lobe." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2404 ! Fetal telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2115 name: Fetal hippocampus def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult hippocampus." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2404 ! Fetal telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2116 name: Fetal hypothalamus def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult hypothalamus." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0328 ! Fetal brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2117 name: Fetal pituitary gland def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult pituitary gland." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2118 name: Embryonic rhombencephalon def: "The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Presumptive hindbrain" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0007277 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0231 ! Embryonic brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2119 name: Extraembryonic tissue def: "Tissues outside the embryo involved in protection and nutrition, such as amnion, chorionic membrane, placenta, umbilical cord and yolk sac." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Extra-embryonic structure" RELATED [] synonym: "Extra-embryonic tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Extraembryonic structure" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003360 xref: FMA:85537 xref: UBERON:0000478 xref: UBERON:0005292 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue is_a: CALOHA:TS-2092 ! Gestational structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2120 name: Extraembryonic fluid def: "The amniotic fluid and the umbilical cord blood are considered here extraembryonic fluids." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2092 ! Gestational structure is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2122 name: Developmental tissue def: "Tissue from embryo or fetus." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: UBERON:0005423 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue is_a: CALOHA:TS-2092 ! Gestational structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2124 name: Fetal tissue def: "Tissue from fetus." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2122 ! Developmental tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2133 name: Embryonic tongue def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult tongue." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Future tongue" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0010056 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0246 ! Embryonic head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2134 name: Fetal small intestine def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult small intestine." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2432 ! Fetal intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2135 name: Fetal ovary def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult ovary." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal female gonad" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2136 name: Fetal bone marrow def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult bone marrow." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2014 ! Fetal bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2137 name: Embryonic thyroid def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult thyroid." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2138 name: Joint synovium def: "The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes synovial fluid." [MeSH:Synovial_Membrane] synonym: "Synovial joint" RELATED [] xref: MESH:D013583 xref: UBERON:0002217 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0998 ! Synovium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2023 ! Joint [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2139 name: Tendon synovium def: "A tendon sheath is a layer of synovial membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to stretch and not adhere to the surrounding fascia. It has two layers: synovial sheath and fibrous tendon sheath." [Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath] synonym: "Tendon sheath " RELATED [] synonym: "Synovial tendon sheath " RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0998 ! Synovium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1021 ! Tendon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2140 name: Parathyroid chief cell def: "The primary cell of the parathyroid gland. Its contains secretory granules, large Golgi complexes, and moderate numbers of mitochondria. It produces parathyroid hormone. The cells occur in sheets interspersed with areas of fatty tissue. Occasionally the cells are arranged in follicles." [NCI_Thesaurus:Parathyroid_gland_chief_cell] synonym: "Chief cell of parathyroid gland" RELATED [] synonym: "Parathyroid chief cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Parathyroid gland chief cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000446 xref: FMA:69078 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1279 ! Parathyroid glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2141 name: Parathyroid epithelium def: "Epithelium of parathyroid gland." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Parathyroid gland epithelium" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0011197 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0745 ! Parathyroid [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2142 name: Hematopoietic tissue def: "Tissue in which new blood cells are formed." [NCI_Thesaurus:Hematopoietic_tissue] synonym: "Haemopoietic tissue" RELATED [] xref: FMA:14073 xref: UBERON:0012429 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0087 ! Bone marrow [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2144 name: Mucus def: "The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells." [MeSH:Mucus] xref: FMA:66938 xref: MESH:D009093 xref: UBERON:0000912 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2145 name: Ligament def: "Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ." [UBERON:Ligament] xref: FMA:21496 xref: MESH:D008022 xref: UBERON:0000211 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2146 name: Articular ligament def: "Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones." [Wikipedia:Ligament] synonym: "Skeletal ligament" RELATED [] xref: FMA:25624 xref: MESH:D008023 xref: UBERON:0008846 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2145 ! Ligament relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2023 ! Joint [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2147 name: Brain meninges def: "Meninges covering the brain." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Brain meninx" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebral meninges" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebral meninx" RELATED [] synonym: "Meninges of brain" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0003547 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1177 ! Meninges relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2148 name: Spinal cord meninges def: "Meninges covering the spinal cord." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Meninges of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "Meninx of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "Spinal cord meninx" RELATED [] synonym: "Spinal meninges" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0003292 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1177 ! Meninges relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0953 ! Spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2149 name: Brain macroglia def: "Macroglia cells resident in the brain." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cerebral macroglia" RELATED [] synonym: "Macroglia of brain" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2027 ! Macroglia relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2150 name: Brain microglia def: "Microglia cells resident in the brain." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cerebral microglia" RELATED [] synonym: "Microglia of brain" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0627 ! Microglia relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0095 ! Brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2151 name: Spinal cord macroglia def: "Macroglia cells resident in the spinal cord." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Macroglia of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "Spinal macroglia" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2027 ! Macroglia relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0953 ! Spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2152 name: Spinal cord microglia def: "Microglia cells resident in the spinal cord." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Microglia of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "Spinal microglia" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0627 ! Microglia relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0953 ! Spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2153 name: Optic disk def: "The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve." [MeSH:Optic_Disk] synonym: "Optic disc" RELATED [] synonym: "Optic nerve head" RELATED [] xref: FMA:58634 xref: MESH:D009898 xref: UBERON:0001783 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0713 ! Optic nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2154 name: Uterine corpus epithelium def: "Epithelium lining the uterine corpus. The endometrium (mucosa of the uterus) is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a mixture of secretory and ciliated cells." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Corpus, uterine epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of body of uterus" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterine body epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus body epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus womb epithelium" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1265 ! Uterine corpus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2155 name: Blood vessel vascular endothelium def: "Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the blood vessels and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components from interstitium to lumen; this function has been most intensively studied in the blood capillaries." [MeSH:Endothelium_Vascular] synonym: "Blood vessel endothelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Blood vessel vascular endothelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000766 xref: UBERON:0004638 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0278 ! Endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0080 ! Blood vessel [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2156 name: Lymphatic vessel vascular endothelium def: "Unbroken cellular lining (intima) of the lymph vessels (e.g., the high endothelial lymphatic venules). It is more permeable than blood vessel vascular endothelium, lacking selective absorption and functioning mainly to remove plasma proteins that have filtered through the capillaries into the tissue spaces." [MeSH:Lymphatic_Endothelium] synonym: "Endothelium of lymphatic vessel" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymphatic endothelium" RELATED [] xref: MESH:D004729 xref: UBERON:0002042 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0278 ! Endothelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2102 ! Lymphatic vessel [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2157 name: Striated muscle cell def: "A cylindrical multinucleated cell containing contracting myofibrils, across which run transverse light and dark areas, enclosed in a delicate plasma membrane." [NCI_Thesaurus:Striated_Muscle_Tissue_Cell] synonym: "Striated cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Striated muscle myocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Striated Muscle Tissue Cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Striated myocyte" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000737 xref: FMA:86936 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2032 ! Muscle cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2047 ! Striated muscle tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2158 name: Skeletal muscle cell def: "Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of skeletal muscle. They consist of myofibrils enclosed within and attached to the sarcolemma. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts into a syncytium, followed by differentiation." [MeSH:Skeletal_Muscle_Fibers] synonym: "Skeletal muscle myocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Skeletal muscle myocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Skeletal myocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004392 xref: CL:0000188 xref: FMA:9727 xref: MESH:D018485 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2157 ! Striated muscle cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0933 ! Skeletal muscle tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2159 name: Smooth muscle cell def: "Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblasts)." [MeSH:Smooth_Muscle_Myocytes] synonym: "Involuntary muscle cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Non-striated muscle cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Smooth muscle cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Smooth muscle myocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Smooth muscle myocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Smooth muscle tissue cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Unstriated muscle cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004576 xref: CL:0000192 xref: FMA:14072 xref: MESH:D032389 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2032 ! Muscle cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2160 name: Anal canal def: "The terminal segment of the large intestine, beginning from the ampulla of the rectum and ending at the anus." [MeSH:Anal_Canal] xref: BTO:0001978 xref: FMA:15703 xref: MESH:D001003 xref: UBERON:0000159 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1306 ! Large intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2161 name: Decidua menstrualis def: "The hormone-responsive glandular layer of endometrium that sloughs off at each menstrual flow (decidua menstrualis) or at the termination of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the thickest part of the decidua forms the maternal portion of the placenta, thus named decidua placentalis. The thin portion of the decidua covering the rest of the embryo is the decidua capsularis." [MeSH:Decidua] synonym: "Uterine decidua" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001360 xref: MESH:D003656 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0276 ! Endometrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2162 name: Tooth germ def: "The collective tissues from which an entire tooth is formed, including the dental sac; enamel organ; and dental papilla." [MeSH:Tooth_Germ] synonym: "Tooth bud" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2163 name: Dental cementum def: "The bonelike rigid connective tissue covering the root of a tooth from the cementoenamel junction to the apex and lining the apex of the root canal, also assisting in tooth support by serving as attachment structures for the periodontal ligament." [MeSH:Dental_Cementum] synonym: "Cementum" RELATED [] synonym: "Cementum of tooth" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002525 xref: FMA:55630 xref: MESH:D003739 xref: UBERON:0001753 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2380 ! Periodontium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2164 name: Semicircular canal def: "Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. They are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (vestibular labyrinth). The semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. Within the canals are the semicircular ducts." [MeSH:Semicircular_Canals] xref: BTO:0003383 xref: FMA:60186 xref: MESH:D012665 xref: UBERON:0001840 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2080 ! Osseous labyrinth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2165 name: Natural killer T cell def: "A specialized subset of T-lymphocytes that exhibit features of innate immunity similar to that of natural killer cells. They are reactive to glycolipids presented in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class I-like molecule, CD1D antigen." [MeSH:Natural_Killer_T-Cells] synonym: "Natural killer T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "NKT cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Mature natural killer T-cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000814 xref: MESH:D055611 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2166 name: Thyroid gland glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of thyroid. Example: thyroid follicular cell, parafollicular cells (also called C cells)." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Thyroid gland glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Thyroid glandular cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002257 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2167 ! Thyroid epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2167 name: Thyroid epithelium def: "Epithelium of thyroid gland." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Thyroid follicular epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Thyroid follicle epithelium" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0012363 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1047 ! Thyroid [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2168 name: Pneumocyte def: "Epithelial cells that line the pulmonary alveoli." [MeSH:Pneumocytes] synonym: "Alveolar cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Lung alveolar cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Pneumocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000395 xref: CL:0000322 xref: FMA:62499 xref: MESH:D056809 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0031 ! Alveolus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2169 name: Nongerminal center cells def: "Lymphoid cells outside the reaction centra." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Non-germinal center cells" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2170 name: Vulva/Anal skin epidermal cell def: "Any of the epidermal cells found in the vulva/anal skin epidermis." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "vulva/anal skin epidermal cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1231 ! Vulva/Anal skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2171 name: Lymph node nongerminal center cell def: "Lymphoid cells outside the reaction centra of lymph nodes." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Lymph node non-germinal center" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymph node non-germinal center cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymph node nongerminal center" RELATED [] synonym: "Lymph node nongerminal center cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1289 ! Lymph node lymphoid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2172 name: Tonsil nongerminal center cell def: "Lymphoid cells outside the reaction center of tonsil." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Tonsil non-germinal center cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsil nongerminal center" RELATED [] synonym: "Tonsil nongerminal center cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1270 ! Tonsil lymphoid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2173 name: Post-menopause uterus glandular cell def: "Refers to glandular cells of uterine epithelium from post-menopause women." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Post-menopause uterus glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus, post-menopause glandular cells" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2174 name: Post-menopause endometrium stroma def: "Refers to the endometrium stroma of uterus from post-menopause women. The stroma of the uterus contains loose connective tissue, fibroblasts, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Post-menopause endometrium stroma cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus, post-menopause cells in endometrial stroma" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2175 name: Pre-menopause uterus glandular cell def: "Refers to glandular cells of uterine epithelium from pre-menopause women." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Pre-menopause uterus glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus, pre-menopause glandular cells" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2176 name: Pre-menopause endometrium stroma def: "Refers to the endometrium stroma of uterus from pre-menopause women. The stroma of the uterus contains loose connective tissue, fibroblasts, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Pre-menopause endometrium stroma cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Uterus, pre-menopause cells in endometrial stroma" RELATED [] is_obsolete: true [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2177 name: Adrenal gland glandular cell def: "Hormone secreting cell located in the cortex of adrenal gland. Glandular cells in the adrenal cortex secrete mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Adrenal gland glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Adrenal glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Suprarenal gland glandular cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001601 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0015 ! Adrenal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2178 name: Human anatomical entity synonym: "Material anatomical entity" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0000465 [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2191 name: Ovum def: "A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation." [MeSH:Ovum] synonym: " Ova" RELATED [] synonym: "Egg" RELATED [] synonym: "Mature oocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003801 xref: CL:0000025 xref: FMA:67343 xref: MESH:D010063 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0395 ! Gamete is_a: CALOHA:TS-2368 ! Female germ cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2192 name: Conventional dendritic cell def: "The dendritic cells (DC) subtypes present in the steady state, before infection, include type 1 interferon-producing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), migratory DCs such as Langerhans cells, and lymphoid tissue-resident conventional DCs (cDCs). The lymphoid tissue-resident cDCs consist of different subtypes, including CD8+ cDCs and CD8- cDCs2." [PMID:17922015] synonym: "cDC" RELATED [] synonym: "conventional DC" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000990 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0194 ! Dendritic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2193 name: Spermatogonia def: "Diploid male germ cells of an early stage of spermatogenesis, derived from prespermatogonia. With the onset of puberty, spermatogonia at the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule proliferate by mitotic division to produce two diploid intermediate cells called primary spermatocytes." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Spermatogonias" RELATED [] synonym: "Spermatogonium" RELATED [] synonym: "Spermatogonia cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000958 xref: CL:0000020 xref: FMA:72291 xref: MESH:D013093 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2369 ! Male germ cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0920 ! Seminiferous epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2194 name: Primary spermatocyte def: "Diploid germ cell formed by mitosis of spermatogonia cell. The primary spermatocytes undergo first meiotic division giving rise to secondary spermatocytes." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0001115 xref: CL:0000656 xref: FMA:72292 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0951 ! Spermatocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2195 name: Secondary spermatocyte def: "Haploid germ cell formed by first meiotic division of primary spermatocytes. The secondary spermatocyte undergo second meiotic division giving rise to spermatids." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: BTO:0000709 xref: CL:0000657 xref: FMA:72293 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0951 ! Spermatocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2196 name: Adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule def: "The inner two thirds of the seminiferous tubules that contain spermatocytes and the more advanced germ cells." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1239 ! Seminiferous tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2197 name: Olfactory mucosa def: "The part of the nasal mucosa composed of neuroepithelial tissue and mucus-producing Bowman's glands. The mucus moistens the epithelium and helps dissolve odor-containing gases." [NCI_Thesaurus:Olfactory_Mucosa] synonym: "Olfactory part of nasal mucosa" RELATED [] xref: FMA:77199 xref: UBERON:0005386 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2037 ! Nose [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2198 name: Renal proximal convoluted tubule def: "The initial convoluted portion of the proximal tubule of the nephron. In relation to the morphology of the kidney as a whole, the convoluted segments of the proximal tubules are confined entirely to the renal cortex. Is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with brushed borders which help to increase the area of absorption greatly." [Wikipedia:Proximal_convoluted_tubule] synonym: "Proximal convoluted tubule" RELATED [] synonym: "Renal proximal convoluted tubule" RELATED [] xref: FMA:17693 xref: UBERON:0001287 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0509 ! Renal proximal tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2199 name: Radius def: "The Radius is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size. It is a long bone, prism-shaped and slightly curved longitudinally. The radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, the radial notch and the head of the ulna." [Wikipedia:Radius] xref: FMA:23463 xref: MESH:D011884 xref: UBERON:0001423 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2205 ! Forearm [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2200 name: Ilium def: "The ilium is the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish. All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium." [Wikipedia:ilium] xref: FMA:16589 xref: MESH:D007085 xref: UBERON:0001273 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2227 ! Pelvis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2201 name: Sacrum def: "In vertebrate anatomy the sacrum (plural sacrums or sacra) is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). It consists of usually five initially unfused vertebrae which begin to fuse between ages 16 and 18 and are usually completely fused into a single bone by age 34." [Wikipedia:Sacrum] synonym: "Sacral bone" RELATED [] xref: FMA:16202 xref: MESH:D012447 xref: UBERON:0003690 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2227 ! Pelvis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2202 name: Humerus def: "The humerus is a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow." [Wikipedia:Humerus] xref: FMA:13303 xref: MESH:D006811 xref: UBERON:0000976 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2462 ! Upper arm [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2203 name: Fibula def: "The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones." [MeSH:Fibula] xref: BTO:0002346 xref: FMA:24479 xref: MESH:D005360 xref: UBERON:0001446 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2461 ! Lower leg [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2204 name: Arm def: "In human anatomy, the arm is the part of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow joints." [Wikipedia:Arm] xref: BTO:0001435 xref: FMA:24890 xref: MESH:D001132 xref: UBERON:0001460 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2214 ! Upper limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2205 name: Forearm def: "The forearm is the structure and distal region of the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist." [Wikipedia:Forearm] xref: BTO:0001447 xref: FMA:9663 xref: MESH:D005542 xref: UBERON:0002386 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2204 ! Arm [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2206 name: Leg def: "The inferior part of the lower extremity between the knee and the ankle." [MeSH:Leg] xref: BTO:0000721 xref: FMA:24979 xref: MESH:D007866 xref: UBERON:0000978 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2215 ! Lower limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2207 name: Mouth floor def: "Floor of Mouth." [MeSH:Mouth_Floor] xref: FMA:86592 xref: MESH:D009060 xref: UBERON:0003679 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2208 name: Axilla def: "The axilla (or armpit, underarm, or oxter) is the area on the human body directly under the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder. It also provides the under arm sweat gland." [Wikipedia:Axilla] xref: FMA:24864 xref: MESH:D001365 xref: UBERON:0009472 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2214 ! Upper limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2209 name: Rib def: "In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (Latin costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage. In most vertebrates, ribs surround the chest, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the chest cavity. They serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax." [Wikipedia:Rib] xref: FMA:7574 xref: MESH:D012272 xref: UBERON:0002228 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2464 ! Thoracic wall [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2210 name: Labia def: "The labia are anatomical structures that are part of the female genitalia; they are the major externally visible portions of the vulva. In humans, there are two pairs of labia: the outer labia, or labia majora are larger and fattier, while the labia minora are folds of skin often concealed within the outer labia. The labia surround and protect the clitoris and the openings of the vagina and urethra." [Wikipedia:Labia] xref: UBERON:0004084 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1168 ! Vulva [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2211 name: Phalanx def: "In anatomy, phalanx bones (plural phalanges) are those that form the fingers and toes. In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three. Phalanges are classified as long bones." [Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone] synonym: "Finger Phalanges" RELATED [] synonym: "Phalanx bone" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0003221 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2460 ! Finger relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2494 ! Toe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2212 name: Palate def: "The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (hard palate) and the posterior soft palate (soft palate)." [MeSH:Palate] synonym: "Mouth roof" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001779 xref: FMA:54549 xref: MESH:D010159 xref: UBERON:0007375 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2582 ! Oral cavity [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2213 name: Hand def: "A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs." [Wikipedia:Hand] xref: BTO:0004668 xref: FMA:9712 xref: MESH:D006225 xref: UBERON:0002398 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2214 ! Upper limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2214 name: Upper limb def: "The region of the upper limb in animals, extending from the deltoid region to the hand, and including the arm, axilla, and shoulder." [MeSH:Upper_Extremity] synonym: "Forelimb" RELATED [] synonym: "Upper extremity" RELATED [] xref: FMA:7183 xref: MESH:D034941 xref: UBERON:0002102 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0552 ! Limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2215 name: Lower limb def: "The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the foot, and including the buttocks, hip, and leg." [MeSH:Lower_Extremity] synonym: "Hindlimb" RELATED [] synonym: "Lower extremity" RELATED [] xref: FMA:7184 xref: MESH:D035002 xref: UBERON:0002103 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0552 ! Limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2216 name: Face def: "The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw." [MeSH:Face] xref: BTO:0003369 xref: FMA:24728 xref: MESH:D005145 xref: UBERON:0001456 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2217 name: Maxilla def: "One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the orbit, and contains the maxillary sinus." [MeSH:Maxilla] xref: FMA:9711 xref: MESH:D008437 xref: UBERON:0002397 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2344 ! Skull [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2218 name: Metacarpus def: "The region of the hand between the wrist and the fingers." [MeSH:Metacarpus] xref: FMA:24925 xref: MESH:D008663 xref: UBERON:0004453 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2213 ! Hand [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2219 name: Ankle def: "The region of the lower limb between the foot and the leg." [MeSH:Ankle] synonym: "Tarsal region" RELATED [] xref: FMA:9665 xref: MESH:D000842 xref: UBERON:0004454 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2215 ! Lower limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2220 name: Knee def: "The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella." [Wikipedia:knee] xref: BTO:0003595 xref: FMA:24974 xref: MESH:D007717 xref: UBERON:0001465 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2215 ! Lower limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2221 name: Metatarsus def: "The part of the foot between the tarsa and the toes." [MeSH:Metatarsus] xref: FMA:24997 xref: MESH:D008684 xref: UBERON:0000983 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0377 ! Foot [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2222 name: Elbow def: "The human elbow is the region surrounding the elbow joint the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm." [Wikipedia:Elbow] xref: FMA:24901 xref: MESH:D004550 xref: UBERON:0001461 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2214 ! Upper limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2223 name: Back def: "The human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders." [Wikipedia:Back] xref: FMA:14181 xref: MESH:D001415 xref: UBERON:0001137 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2224 name: Buttock def: "The buttocks (singular: buttock, also butt) are two rounded portions of the anatomy, located on the posterior of the pelvic region of apes and humans, and many other bipeds or quadrupeds, and comprise a layer of fat superimposed on the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles." [Wikipedia:Buttock] synonym: "Gluteal region" RELATED [] xref: FMA:25245 xref: MESH:D002081 xref: UBERON:0013691 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2215 ! Lower limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2225 name: Mandible def: "The largest and strongest bone of the face constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth." [MeSH:Mandible] synonym: "Lower jaw bone" RELATED [] synonym: "Mandibulla" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001748 xref: FMA:52748 xref: MESH:D008334 xref: UBERON:0001684 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2344 ! Skull [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2226 name: Hip def: "The projecting part on each side of the body, formed by the side of the pelvis and the top portion of the femur. The hip region is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region (i.e., the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the femur, or "thigh bone". In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone or acetabulum which forms part of the hip region." [MeSH:Hip; Wikipedia:Hip] xref: BTO:0001457 xref: FMA:24964 xref: UBERON:0001464 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2227 ! Pelvis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2227 name: Pelvis def: "The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and lesser pelvis. The pelvic girdle is formed by the pelvic bones and sacrum." [MeSH:Pelvis] xref: BTO:0001006 xref: FMA:9578 xref: MESH:D010388 xref: UBERON:0002355 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2228 name: Uvea def: "The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball, consisting of the choroid; ciliary body; and iris, which are continuous with each other." [Wikipedia:Uvea] synonym: "Tunica vasculosa of eyeball" RELATED [] synonym: "Uveal tract" RELATED [] synonym: "Vascular layer of eyeball" RELATED [] xref: FMA:58103 xref: MESH:D014602 xref: UBERON:0001768 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2229 name: Shoulder def: "The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons." [Wikipedia:Shoulder] xref: FMA:25202 xref: MESH:D012782 xref: UBERON:0001467 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2214 ! Upper limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2230 name: Renal pelvis def: "The flattened, funnel shaped expansion connecting the ureter to the kidney calices." [MeSH:Renal_pelvis] xref: FMA:15575 xref: MESH:D007682 xref: UBERON:0001224 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1323 ! Urinary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2231 name: Maxillary sinus def: "The air space located in the body of the maxillary bone near each cheek. Each maxillary sinus communicates with the middle passage (meatus) of the nasal cavity on the same side." [MeSH:Maxillary_sinus] synonym: "Antrum of Highmore" RELATED [] xref: FMA:57715 xref: MESH:D008443 xref: UBERON:0001764 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2082 ! Paranasal sinuses [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2232 name: Conjunctiva def: "The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball." [MeSH:Conjunctiva] xref: BTO:0003415 xref: FMA:59011 xref: MESH:D003228 xref: UBERON:0001811 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0309 ! Eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2233 name: Middle ear def: "The space and structures directly internal to the tympanic membrane and external to the inner ear (labyrinth). Its major components include the auditory ossicles and the Eustachian tube that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat." [MeSH:Middle_ear] xref: BTO:0002099 xref: FMA:56513 xref: MESH:D004432 xref: UBERON:0001756 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1165 ! Ear [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2234 name: Nipple def: "The conic organs which usually give outlet to milk from the mammary glands." [MeSH:Nipples] xref: BTO:0000821 xref: FMA:67771 xref: MESH:D009558 xref: UBERON:0002030 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2083 ! Breast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2235 name: Pancreatic juice def: "The fluid containing digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas in response to food in the duodenum." [MeSH:Pancreatic_juice] xref: BTO:0000504 xref: FMA:62973 xref: MESH:D010189 xref: UBERON:0000326 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1293 ! Alimentary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2336 name: Flank def: "The flesh between the last rib and the hip; the side." [Wiktionary:Flank] xref: FMA:14603 xref: UBERON:0000180 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2337 name: Retroperitoneal space def: "An area occupying the most posterior aspect of the abdominal cavity. It is bounded laterally by the borders of the quadratus lumborum muscles and extends from the diaphragm to the brim of the true pelvis, where it continues as the pelvic extraperitoneal space." [MeSH:Retroperitoneal_Space] synonym: "Retroperitoneum" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15080 xref: MESH:D012187 xref: UBERON:0003693 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0001 ! Abdomen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2338 name: Mediastinum def: "The mediastinum is an undelineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, the esophagus, the trachea, the phrenic nerve, the cardiac nerve, the thoracic duct, the thymus, and the lymph nodes of the central chest." [Wikipedia:Mediastinum] xref: FMA:9826 xref: MESH:D008482 xref: UBERON:0003728 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1039 ! Thorax [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2339 name: Groin def: "In human anatomy, the groin (the adjective is inguinal, as in Inguinal canal) areas are the two creases at the junction of the torso with the legs, on either side of the pubic area. This is also known as the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh." [Wikipedia:Groin] synonym: "Iliac region" RELATED [] synonym: "Inguinal part of abdomen" RELATED [] synonym: "Inguinal region" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003358 xref: FMA:24040 xref: MESH:D006119 xref: UBERON:0008337 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2340 name: Autonomic ganglion def: "Clusters of neurons and their processes in the autonomic nervous system. In the autonomic ganglia, the preganglionic fibers from the central nervous system synapse onto the neurons whose axons are the postganglionic fibers innervating target organs. The ganglia also contain intrinsic neurons and supporting cells and preganglionic fibers passing through to other ganglia." [MeSH:Autonomic_ganglion] synonym: "Autonomic ganglia" RELATED [] xref: FMA:5889 xref: MESH:D005725 xref: UBERON:0001805 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0397 ! Ganglion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2001 ! Autonomic nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2341 name: Scrotum def: "In some male mammals, the scrotum is a dual-chambered protuberance of skin and muscle, containing the testicles and divided by a septum. It is an extension of the perineum, and is located between the penis and anus." [Wikipedia:Scrotum] xref: BTO:0003098 xref: FMA:18252 xref: MESH:D012611 xref: UBERON:0001300 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2342 name: Sella turcica def: "A bony prominence situated on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. It houses the pituitary gland." [MeSH:Sella_Turcica] xref: FMA:54709 xref: MESH:D012658 xref: UBERON:0003689 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2343 ! Sphenoid bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2343 name: Sphenoid bone def: "An irregular unpaired bone situated at the skull base and wedged between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones (frontal bone; temporal bone; occipital bone). Sphenoid bone consists of a median body and three pairs of processes resembling a bat with spread wings. The body is hollowed out in its inferior to form two large cavities (sphenoid sinus)." [MeSH:Sphenoid_bone] synonym: "Sphenoid" RELATED [] xref: FMA:52736 xref: MESH:D013100 xref: UBERON:0001677 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2344 ! Skull [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2344 name: Skull def: "The skeleton of the HEAD including the facial bones and the bones enclosing the brain." [MeSH:Skull] synonym: "Cranium" RELATED [] synonym: "Skeletal system of head" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001295 xref: FMA:46565 xref: MESH:D012886 xref: UBERON:0003129 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1320 ! Skeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2345 name: Feces def: "Excrement from the intestines, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and bacteria of the digestive system." [MeSH:Feces] synonym: "Excrement" RELATED [] synonym: "Faeces" RELATED [] synonym: "Fecal matter" RELATED [] synonym: "Stool" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000440 xref: FMA:64183 xref: MESH:D005243 xref: UBERON:0001988 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1293 ! Alimentary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2346 name: Hypogastrium def: "The hypogastrium (alternative names including hypogastric region, public region and suprapubic region) is an area of the human abdomen located below the navel. The pubis bone constitutes its lower limit." [Wikipedia:Hypogastrium] synonym: "Pubic region" RELATED [] synonym: "Pubis region" RELATED [] xref: FMA:14602 xref: UBERON:0013203 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2227 ! Pelvis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2347 name: Craniopharyngeal duct def: "The craniopharyngeal canal, is a human anatomical feature sometimes found in the sphenoid bone opening to the sella turcica. It is a canal (a passage or channel) sometimes found extending from the anterior part of the fossa hypophyseos of the sphenoid bone to the under surface of the skull, and marks the original position of Rathke's pouch; while at the junction of the septum of the nose with the palate traces of the stomodeal end are occasionally present." [Wikipedia:Craniopharyngeal_duct] synonym: "Craniopharyngeal canal" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2348 name: Ampulla of Vater def: "The ampulla of Vater, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla, is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct." [Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater] synonym: "Biliaropancreatic ampulla" RELATED [] synonym: "Hepatopancreatic ampulla" RELATED [] synonym: "Vater's Ampulla" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15076 xref: MESH:D014670 xref: UBERON:0004913 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1293 ! Alimentary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2349 name: Buccal mucosa def: "The buccal mucosa refers to the inside lining of the cheeks and is part of the lining mucosa of the oral mucosa." [Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa] xref: BTO:0003833 xref: FMA:59785 xref: UBERON:0006956 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0716 ! Oral mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2350 name: Inframammary fold def: "Inframammary fold, inframammary crease or inframammary line is the feature of human anatomy which is a natural boundary of a breast from below, the place where the breast and the chest meet. The choice of the term depends on the prominence of the feature." [Wikipedia:Inframammary_fold] synonym: "Inframammary breast" RELATED [] synonym: "Inframammary crease" RELATED [] synonym: "Inframammary line" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62109 xref: UBERON:0013692 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2351 name: Subungual region def: "Region under a toenail or fingernail." [Wiktionary:Subungual] xref: UBERON:0004105 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2034 ! Nail [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2352 name: Vertebra def: "Any of the ring-shaped bony structures that constitute the spinal column and surround the spinal cord." [NCI_Thesaurus:Vertebrae] synonym: "Vertebrae" RELATED [] xref: FMA:9914 xref: UBERON:0002412 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2539 ! Spinal colum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2353 name: Retromolar trigone def: "The narrow band of mucosa that lies behind the mandibular molars and covers the ascending ramus." [Web:Retromolar_trigone] synonym: "Retromolar triangle" RELATED [] xref: FMA:75784 xref: UBERON:0012376 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2354 name: Posterior cranial fossa def: "The infratentorial compartment that contains the cerebellum and brain stem. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone, by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the temporal bone, and the posterior inferior angle of the parietal bone." [MeSH:Cranial_Fossa_Posterior] xref: FMA:54368 xref: MESH:D003388 xref: UBERON:0008788 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2344 ! Skull [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2355 name: Paratesticular tissue def: "The soft tissues in close proximity to the testis." [NCI_Thesaurus:Paratesticular_soft_tissue] synonym: "Paratesticular soft tissue" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2356 name: Head and neck def: "For oncology, an area of the body generally construed to comprise the base of skull and facial bones, sinuses, orbits, salivary glands, oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, thyroid, facial and neck musculature and lymph nodes draining these areas." [NCI_Thesaurus:Head_and_Neck] synonym: "Craniocervical region" RELATED [] xref: FMA:280881 xref: UBERON:0007811 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2084 ! Body part [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2357 name: Parapharyngeal space def: "The parapharyngeal space (or lateral pharyngeal space) is a potential space in the head and the neck. It has clinical importance in otolaryngology due to parapharyngeal space tumours and parapharyngeal abscess developing in this area." [Wikipedia:Parapharyngeal_space] synonym: "Lateral pharyngeal space" RELATED [] xref: FMA:55081 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2356 ! Head and neck [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2358 name: Paraganglia chromaffin def: "Small bodies containing chromaffin cells occurring outside of the adrenal medulla, most commonly near the sympathetic ganglia and in organs such as the kidney, liver, heart and gonads." [MeSH:Paraganglia_Chromaffin] synonym: "Paraganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "Paraganglion chromaffin" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15648 xref: MESH:D010233 xref: UBERON:0012279 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1301 ! Endocrine system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2050 ! Sympathetic nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2359 name: Cerebellar neuron def: "Neuron of the cerebellum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cerebellum neuron" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001611 xref: FMA:84665 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2360 name: Neural stem cell def: "Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both neurons and neuroglia." [MESH:Neural_Stem_Cells] synonym: "Neural stem cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002881 xref: CL:0000047 xref: FMA:86684 xref: MESH:D058953 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2040 ! Nervous system cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2086 ! Stem cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2361 name: Cerebral grey matter def: "Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astroglia and oligodendrocytes) and capillaries. Cerebral grey matter is distributed in the cerebrum." [Wikipedia:Grey_matter] synonym: "Cerebral gray matter" RELATED [] synonym: "Gray matter of cerebrum" RELATED [] synonym: "Gray matter of telencephalon" RELATED [] synonym: "Grey matter of cerebrum" RELATED [] synonym: "Grey matter of telencephalon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000823 xref: FMA:83911 xref: UBERON:0005401 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2990 ! Gray matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1018 ! Telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2362 name: Cerebral white matter def: "White matter consists mostly of glial cells and myelinated axons that transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another and between the cerebrum and lower brain centers. Cerebral white matter is distributed in the cerebrum." [Wikipedia:White_matter] synonym: "White matter of cerebrum" RELATED [] synonym: "White matter of telencephalon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000236 xref: FMA:241998 xref: UBERON:0002437 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1018 ! Telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2363 name: Myelin sheath def: "The lipid-rich sheath surrounding axons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (Schwann cells in the peripheral and oligodendroglia in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in demyelinating diseases is a serious clinical problem." [MESH:Myelin_Sheath] xref: BTO:0000900 xref: FMA:62983 xref: MESH:D009186 xref: UBERON:0000347 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1313 ! Nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2364 name: Lumbar vertebra def: "The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. They are designated L1 to L5, starting at the top." [Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae] synonym: "Lumbar vertebrae" RELATED [] xref: FMA:9921 xref: MESH:D008159 xref: UBERON:0002414 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2352 ! Vertebra [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2365 name: Myelencephalon def: "The most posterior portion of the hindbrain from which medulla oblongata is derived." [MESH:Myelencephalon] xref: BTO:0000758 xref: MESH:D054024 xref: UBERON:0005290 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2118 ! Embryonic rhombencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2366 name: Hypodermis def: "Loose connective tissue lying under the dermis, which binds skin loosely to subjacent tissues. It may contain a pad of adipocytes, which vary in number according to the area of the body and vary in size according to the nutritional state." [MESH:Subcutaneous_Tissue] xref: BTO:0004525 xref: FMA:70544 xref: MESH:D040521 xref: UBERON:0002072 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1299 ! Dermal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2367 name: Myeloid leukocyte def: "Leukocyte of myeloid origin." [PDR:Myeloid_leukocyte] xref: CL:0000766 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0549 ! Leukocyte is_a: CALOHA:TS-0647 ! Myeloid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2368 name: Female germ cell def: "The female reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during gametogenesis." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:0000021 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0411 ! Germ cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1303 ! Female reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2369 name: Male germ cell def: "The male reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during gametogenesis." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:0000015 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0411 ! Germ cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2370 name: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell def: "A peripheral blood cell with a single nucleus. This category includes lymphocytes and monocytes." [NCI_Thesaurus:Peripheral_Blood_Mononuclear_Cell] synonym: "PBMC" RELATED [] synonym: "Total PBMC" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001025 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0766 ! Peripheral blood leukocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2371 name: Neural tube def: "A tube of ectodermal tissue in an embryo that will give rise to the central nervous system, including the spinal cord and the brain. Lumen within the neural tube is called neural canal which gives rise to the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain." [MESH:Neural_Tube] xref: BTO:0001057 xref: MESH:D054259 xref: UBERON:0001049 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2110 ! Embryonic structure [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2372 name: Cerebral cortex endothelial cell def: "Endothelial cells forming the walls of the capillaries within the cerebral cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cerebral cortex endothelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Endothelial cells of cerebral cortex" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001602 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2401 ! Endothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0092 ! Brain endothelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2373 name: Colon nerve tissue def: "Ganglia and peripheral neves found in the colon. Ganglia and postsynaptic neurons of the enteric nervous system are located in the lamina propia, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, and subserosa of the alimentary canal from the esophagus to the anus. The neurons of the enteric nervous system are collected into two types of ganglia: myenteric (Auerbach's) and submucosal (Meissner's) plexuses. Myenteric plexuses are located between the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa, while submucosal plexuses are located in the submucosa. In the colon, ganglion cells are found within the submucosa and muscularis externa." [HPA:Colon;Wikipedia:Enteric_nervous_system;ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Colon nervous tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Colon neural tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Colon peripheral nerve/ganglion" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2093 ! Enteric nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2374 name: Skin Melanocyte def: "Melanocytes found in skin." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Melanocyte of skin" RELATED [] synonym: "Skin melanocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000458 xref: FMA:72144 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0613 ! Melanocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2375 name: Langerhans cell def: "Recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket-shaped granules (Birbeck granules). They are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis and are rich in Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. Langerhans cells were the first dendritic cell to be described and have been a model of study for other dendritic cells (DCs), especially other migrating DCs such as dermal DCs and interstitial dendritic cells." [MeSH:Langerhans_Cells] synonym: "Langerhans" RELATED [] synonym: "Langerhans cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000705 xref: CL:0000453 xref: FMA:63072 xref: MESH:D007801 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2192 ! Conventional dendritic cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2376 name: Skin Langerhans cell def: "Langerhans cell found in skin." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Langerhans cell of skin" RELATED [] synonym: "skin Langerhans" RELATED [] synonym: "skin Langerhans cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002457 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2375 ! Langerhans cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2377 name: Breast adipocyte def: "Adipocytes found in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of breast. The breast consists of three main components, the skin, the subcutaneous adipose tissue and the functional glandular tissue that comprises both parenchyma and stroma." [HPA:Breast] synonym: "Breast adipocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001583 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0012 ! Adipocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2083 ! Breast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2378 name: Mammary gland myoepithelial cell def: "Myoepithelial cells found in the glandular epithelium of the mammary gland. The myoepithelial cells usually form a discontinuous layer between the luminal secretory cells and the basement membrane." [HPA:Breast] synonym: "Breast myoepithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Breast myoepithelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Myoepithelial cell of lactiferous gland" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002324 xref: FMA:67800 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2379 ! Myoepithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0593 ! Mammary epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2379 name: Myoepithelial cell def: "A contractile cell found between the secretory cells and basement membrane of exocrine glands. Each myoepithelial cell has long cytoplasmic processes that wrap around a secretory unit. The contraction of the myoepithelial processes forces the secretory product from the secretory unit into its duct." [NCI_Thesaurus:Myoepithelial_Cell] xref: BTO:0002309 xref: CL:0000185 xref: FMA:67799 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2380 name: Periodontium def: "The structures surrounding and supporting the tooth. Periodontium includes the gum (gingiva), the alveolar bone (alveolar process), the dental cementum, and the periodontal ligament." [MeSH:periodontium] synonym: "Paradentium" RELATED [] synonym: "Periodontium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001021 xref: FMA:56665 xref: MESH:D010519 xref: UBERON:0001758 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1055 ! Tooth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2381 name: Dorsal vagal nucleus def: "The dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (or posterior motor nucleus of vagus) is a cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve in the medulla that lies under the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve] synonym: "dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal motor vagal complex" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior motor nucleus of vagus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal motor nucleus of vagus X nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal motor vagal complex of the tenth cranial nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal efferent nucleus of vagus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal vagal nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus alaris" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54592 xref: UBERON:0002870 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2382 name: Embryonic cerebral cortex def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult cerebral cortex. Corticogenesis is the process in which the cerebral cortex is created. The process is observed starting with embryonic days 10 to 11.5 (E10 to E11.5), continuing throughout the gestational period". [neXtProt:PDR; Wikipedia:Corticogenesis] xref: BTO:0004014 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0231 ! Embryonic brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2383 name: Inferior olivari nucleus def: "The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata." [Wikipedia:Inferior_olivary_nucleus] synonym: "Inferior olivary nuclei" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003844 xref: UBERON:0007244 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2667 ! Inferior olivary complex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2384 name: Sebaceous gland def: "Small glands located within the epidermis, and associated with the hair follicle, that produce and secrete an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair." [NCI_Thesaurus:Sebaceous_glands] synonym: "sebaceous gland" RELATED [] synonym: "skin sebaceous glands" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001980 xref: FMA:59160 xref: MESH:D012627 xref: UBERON:0001821 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0051 ! Skin appendage is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2385 name: Lactiferous duct def: "A channel conveying the milk secreted by the lobes of the breast to and through the nipple." [NCI_Thesaurus:Lactiferous_Duct] synonym: "lactiferous duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Lactiferous gland duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Mammary duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Mammary gland duct" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002845 xref: FMA:58006 xref: UBERON:0001765 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0595 ! Mammary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2386 name: Motor neuron def: "Motor neurons convey impulses from the CNS or ganglia to effector cells. Processes of these neurons are included in somatic efferent and visceral efferent nerve fibers. Somtic efferent neurons send voluntary impulses to skeletal muscles. Vvisceral efferent neurons transmit involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac condicting cells (Purkinje fibers), and glands." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Motor neurons" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000312 xref: CL:0000100 xref: FMA:83617 xref: MESH:D009046 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2387 name: Sensory neuron def: "Sensory neurons convey impulses from receptors to the CNS. Processes of these neurons are included in somatic afferent and visceral afferent nerve fibers. Somatic afferent fibers convey sensations of pain, temperature, touch, and pressure from the body surface. In addition, theses fibers convey pain and proprioception (nonconscious sensation) from organs within the body (e.g., muscles, tendons, and joints) to provide the brain with information related to the orientation of the body and limbs. Visceral afferent fibers transmit impulses of pain and other sensations from mucous membranes, glands, and blood vessels." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Sensory neurons" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001037 xref: CL:0000101 xref: FMA:84649 xref: MESH:D011984 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2388 name: Dentate gyrus def: "A subsection of the hippocampal formation, described by Lorente de No, that composes the hilus of the dentate gyrus. A serrated strip of gray matter under the medial border of the hippocampus and in its depths. It is an archicortex which develops along the edge of the hippocampal fissure and which consists of molecular, granular, and polymorphic layers." [MeSH:Dentate_gyrus;NCI_Thesaurus:Dentate_Gyrus] synonym: "Dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation" RELATED [] synonym: "Dentate gyrus of hippocampus" RELATED [] synonym: "Hippocampal dentate gyrus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002496 xref: FMA:61922 xref: MESH:D018891 xref: UBERON:0001885 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2449 ! Hippocampal formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2389 name: Ventral tegmental area def: "The ventral tegmental area is the largest centre for production of dopamine in the brain. It has outputs targeting several brain regions e.g., the hippocampal formation, amygdala, and olfactory bulb. It is implicated in functions concerning the reward system and addiction, cognition, and psychiatric disorders." [HPA] synonym: "Ventral tegmentum" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72438 xref: MESH:D017557 xref: UBERON:0002691 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2537 ! Midbrain tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2390 name: Para-aortic splanchnopleura def: "Embryonic structure precursor of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros is a region of embryonic mesoderm that develops during embryonic development from the para-aortic splanchnopleura in chick, mouse and human embryos. It has been suggested that this area, in particular the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta, is one of the primary origins of the definitive haematopoietic stem cell." [Wikipedia:aorta-gonad-mesonephros] synonym: "Para-aortic splanchnopleure" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2391 name: Cardia of stomach def: "The cardia is the anatomical term for the part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroesophageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract." [Wikipedia:Cardia] synonym: "Gastric cardia" RELATED [] synonym: "Gastroesophageal junction" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000198 xref: FMA:14561 xref: MESH:D002299 xref: UBERON:0001162 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0980 ! Stomach [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2392 name: Hemangioblast def: "Hemangioblast are the multipotent precursor cells that can differentiate into both hematopoietic and endothelial cells. In the yolk sac that can give rise to mesenchymal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells. There is now emerging evidence of hemangioblasts that continue to exist in the adult as circulating stem cells in the peripheral blood that can give rise to both endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. These cells are thought to express both CD34 and CD133. These cells are likely derived from the bone marrow, and may even be derived from hematopoietic stem cells." [Wikipedia:Hemangioblast] xref: CL:0002418 xref: MESH:D055018 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2086 ! Stem cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2393 name: Gamma delta T cells def: "Gamma delta T cells represent a small subset of T cells that possess a distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. Most T cells have a TCR composed of two glycoprotein chains called alpha and beta TCR chains (so called alpha beta T cells). In contrast, gamma delta T cells, have a TCR that is made up of one gamma chain and one delta chain. This group of T cells is usually much less common than alpha beta T cells, but are at their highest abundance in the gut mucosa, within a population of lymphocytes known as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)." [Wikipedia:gammadelta_T_cells] synonym: "Gamma delta T cell" RELATED [] synonym: "gdTCRs" RELATED [] synonym: "GdTCR" RELATED [] synonym: "GdT-cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000798 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2394 name: Neural progenitor cell def: "Neural progenitor cells are proliferative cells with a limited capacity for self-renewal and are often unipotent. Within the hippocampal subgranular cell layer, two different neural proliferative cells types exist: one that generates exclusively neuronal progeny and another that generates exclusively glial progeny. During development of the mammalian cerebral cortex, neurons are generated from two principal classes of neural progenitor cells: the apical progenitors and the basal progenitors or intermediate progenitor cells." [PMID:12591214;PMID:21224845] synonym: "Neural progenitor cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2040 ! Nervous system cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2395 name: Marginal zone of spleen def: "The marginal zone is the region at the interface between the non-lymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white-pulp of the spleen. The major role of marginal zone is to trap particulate antigen from the circulation and present the antigen to the lymphocytes of the spleen." [Wikipedia:Marginal_zone] xref: FMA:15852 xref: UBERON:0001251 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0956 ! Spleen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2396 name: Cerebral cortex neuropil def: "Neuropil in the cerebral cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: UBERON:0013693 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2403 ! Neuropil relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2397 name: Colon endothelial cell def: "Endothelial cells found in colon." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Colon endothelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Colonic endothelial cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001572 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2401 ! Endothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0162 ! Colon endothelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2398 name: Nasopharyngeal epithelial cell def: "Cell of the nasopharyngeal epithelium." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Nasopharynx respiratory epithelial cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001573 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3012 ! Respiratory epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0662 ! Nasopharyngeal epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2399 name: Bronchus epithelial cell def: "Cells of the pseudostratified bronchial epithelium." [ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "Bronchial epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchial epithelium cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchus respiratory epithelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelial cells of bronchus" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002328 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/bronchus is_a: CALOHA:TS-3012 ! Respiratory epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1240 ! Bronchus epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2400 name: Embryonic maxilla def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult maxilla." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0246 ! Embryonic head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2401 name: Endothelial cell def: "Highly specialized epithelial cells that line the heart; blood vessels; and lymph vessels, forming the endothelium. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by tight junctions. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer." [MeSH:endothelial_cells] synonym: "Endothelial cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001176 xref: CL:0000115 xref: FMA:66772 xref: MESH:D042783 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0278 ! Endothelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2402 name: Vascular endothelial cell def: "Highly specialized epithelial cells that line blood vessels and lymph vessels, forming the endothelium. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by tight junctions. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer." [MeSH:vascular_endothelial_cells] synonym: "Vascular endothelial cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001854 xref: CL:0002139 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2401 ! Endothelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2403 name: Neuropil def: "Neuropil is a dense intricate feltwork of interwoven fine glial processes, fibrils, synaptic terminals, axons, and dendrites interspersed among the nerve cells in the gray matter of the central nervous system." [MeSH:Neuropil] xref: BTO:0005268 xref: FMA:261269 xref: MESH:D019581 xref: UBERON:0002606 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0150 ! Central nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2404 name: Fetal telencephalon def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult telencephalon." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Fetal cerebrum" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0328 ! Fetal brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2405 name: Visceral adipose tissue of abdominal region def: "Fatty tissue inside the abdominal cavity, including visceral fat and retroperitoneal fat. It is the most metabolically active fat in the body and easily accessible for lipolysis. Increased visceral fat is associated with metabolic complications of obesity." [MeSH:Intra-Abdominal_Fat] synonym: "Visceral abdominal fat" RELATED [] synonym: "Visceral abdominal adipose tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Intra-abdominal fat" RELATED [] synonym: "Intra-abdominal adipose tissue" RELATED [] xref: MESH:D050152 xref: UBERON:0014454 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0002 ! Abdominal adipose tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2406 name: Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue def: "Fatty tissue under the skin in the region of the abdomen." [MeSH:Abdominal_Subcutaneous_ Fat] synonym: "Subcutaneous adipose tissue of abdominal region" RELATED [] synonym: "Subcutaneous fat of abdominal region" RELATED [] synonym: "Abdominal subcutaneous fat" RELATED [] synonym: "Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue" RELATED [] xref: MESH:D050507 xref: UBERON:0014455 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0002 ! Abdominal adipose tissue is_a: CALOHA:TS-2431 ! Subcutaneous adipose tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2407 name: Interstitial cell of Cajal def: "This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. Interstitial cells of Cajal mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise." [CL:interstitial_cell_of_Cajal;PMID:15598471] synonym: "Intestinal pacemaker cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Interstitial cells of Cajal" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003914 xref: CL:0002088 xref: FMA:86573 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0407 ! Gastrointestinal tract [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2408 name: Regulatory T cell def: "A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. FOXP3-positive IL2RA-positive T cells that are crucial to maintain immune tolerance to self-antigens and avoid autoimmunity. Play an indispensable role in maintaining immunological unresponsiveness to self-antigens and in suppressing excessive immune responses deleterious to the host. Tregs are produced in the thymus as a functionally mature subpopulation of T cells and can also be induced from naive T cells in the periphery." [CL:regulatory_T_cell;PMID:23681097;PMID:18510923] synonym: "Regulatory T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Regulatory T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Regulatory T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Treg" RELATED [] synonym: "T-regs" RELATED [] synonym: "T-reg" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000815 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2409 name: Aortico-pulmonary septum def: "Separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. Is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively." [Wikipedia:Aorticopulmonary_septum] synonym: "Aorticopulmonary septum" RELATED [] synonym: "Aortico-pulmonary spiral septum" RELATED [] synonym: "Aorto-pulmonary septum" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0006207 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0247 ! Embryonic heart [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2410 name: Myofibroblast cell def: "Cell that is in between a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell in differentiation." [Wikipedia:Myofibroblast] synonym: "Myofibroblast" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001946 xref: CL:0000186 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2411 name: Migratory neural crest cell def: "Cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body." [CL:Migratory_neural_crest_cell] synonym: "Neural crest cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000333 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2412 name: Chondroblast def: "Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell." [CL:Chondroblast] xref: BTO:0003607 xref: CL:0000058 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2413 name: Acetabulum def: "The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum: the ischium, the ilium and the pubis." [Wikipedia:Acetabulum] synonym: "Acetabula" RELATED [] synonym: "Acetabular part of hip bone" RELATED [] xref: FMA:16579 xref: MESH:D000077 xref: UBERON:0001269 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2227 ! Pelvis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2414 name: Frontal bone def: "The frontal bone or os frontis is a bone in the human skull." [Wikipedia:Frontal_bone] xref: FMA:52734 xref: MESH:D005624 xref: UBERON:0000209 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2344 ! Skull [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2415 name: Middle cerebellar peduncle def: "The middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis) are paired structures (left and right) that connect the cerebellum to the pons and are composed entirely of centripetal fibers, which arise from the cells of the nuclei pontis of the opposite side and end in the cerebellar cortex; the fibers are arranged in three fasciculi, superior, inferior, and deep." [Wikipedia:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle] synonym: "Brachia pontis" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72515 xref: UBERON:0002152 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0093 ! Brain stem [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2416 name: Patella def: "The patella, also known as the kneecap or kneepan, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. In humans, the patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. Babies are born with a patella of soft cartilage which begins to ossify into bone at about three years of age." [Wikipedia:Patella] xref: FMA:24485 xref: MESH:D010329 xref: UBERON:0002446 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2417 name: Talus bone def: "The talus bone, or ankle bone is a bone in the collection of bones in the foot called the tarsus. The tarsus forms the lower part of the ankle joint through its articulations with the lateral and medial malleoli of the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula. Within the tarsus, it articulates with the calcaneus below and navicular in front within the talocalcaneonavicular joint. Through these articulations, it transmits the entire weight of the body to the foot." [Wikipedia:Talus_bone] xref: BTO:0002354 xref: FMA:9708 xref: MESH:D013628 xref: UBERON:0002395 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2418 name: Nucleus accumbens def: "The nucleus accumbens, also known as the accumbens nucleus or as the nucleus accumbens septi is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle collectively form the ventral striatum, which is part of the basal ganglia. The nucleus accumbens has a significant role in the cognitive processing of motivation, pleasure, and reward and reinforcement learning, and hence has significant role in addiction. It plays a lesser role in fear, impulsivity, and the placebo effect. It is involved in the encoding of new motor programs as well." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_accumbens] synonym: "Accumbens" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001862 xref: FMA:61889 xref: MESH:D009714 xref: UBERON:0001882 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2419 name: Cumulus oocyte complex def: "The cumulus-oocyte complex in the antral follicle is formed by fully grown oocytes surrounded by compact layers of follicle cells. Oocyte growth and acquisition of developmental competence occurs continuously throughout follicular development and is initiated as soon as the follicle enters the pool of growing follicles and is almost completed upon the antral follicle." [PMID:15219785] synonym: "Cumulus-oocyte complex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0730 ! Ovary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2420 name: Lateral globus pallidus def: "The lateral globus pallidus (or external, GPe) receives a strong glutamatergic projection from the subthalamic nucleus. The two form a particular system: a coupled pacemaker. The axons of the external globus pallidum go essentially to the subthalamic nucleus. They go also to other elements of the basal ganglia system, the striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the internal globus pallidus, where they release the neurotransmitter GABA. GPe is particular in comparison to the other elements of the set by the fact that it does not work as an output base of the basal ganglia (not sending axons to the thalamus) but as the main regulator of the basal ganglia system. It is sometimes used as a target for deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease." [Wikipedia:Lateral_globus_pallidus] synonym: "External globus pallidus" RELATED [] synonym: "Globus pallidus, externus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002247 xref: FMA:61839 xref: UBERON:0002476 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2013 ! Globus pallidus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2421 name: Medial globus pallidus def: "The medial globus pallidus (or internal, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia (the other being the substantia nigra pars reticulata). The GABA-containing neurons send their axons to specific nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (VA and VL), to the centromedian complex and to the pedunculopontine complex." [Wikipedia:Medial_globus_pallidus] synonym: "Internal globus pallidus" RELATED [] synonym: "Globus pallidus, internus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002248 xref: FMA:61840 xref: UBERON:0002477 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2013 ! Globus pallidus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2422 name: Deltoid muscle def: "In human anatomy, the deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder. Anatomically, it appears to be made up of three distinct sets of fibers though electromyography suggests that it consists of at least seven groups that can be independently coordinated by the central nervous system." [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle] xref: FMA:32521 xref: MESH:D057645 xref: UBERON:0001476 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2229 ! Shoulder [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2423 name: Peritubular myoid cell def: "The flattened smooth myoepithelial cells of mesodermal origin that lie just outside the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule." [CL:peritubular myoid cell] synonym: "Peritubular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Peritubular cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001039 xref: CL:0002481 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0920 ! Seminiferous epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2424 name: Prefrontal cortex def: "The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes). Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex" [UBERON:prefrontal cortex] xref: BTO:0002807 xref: FMA:224850 xref: MESH:D017397 xref: UBERON:0000451 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2688 ! Frontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2425 name: Stomach fundus def: "In classical anatomy, the stomach is divided into four sections, and the fundus is formed by the upper curvature of the organ." [Wikipedia:Stomach#Sections] synonym: "Fundus of stomach" RELATED [] synonym: "Gastric fundus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000502 xref: FMA:14559 xref: MESH:D005748 xref: UBERON:0001160 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0980 ! Stomach [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2426 name: Pylorus def: "The pylorus, or pyloric part, is the region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum (not to be confused with the pyloric glands, which are analogous to the gastric glands (although currently referred to as the fundic glands)). The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the pyloric antrum (opening to the body of the stomach) and the pyloric canal (opening to the duodenum). The pyloric canal ends as the pyloric orifice, which marks the junction between the stomach and the duodenum. The orifice is surrounded by a sphincter, a band of muscle, called the pyloric sphincter. In classical anatomy, the stomach is divided into four sections, and the pylorus is the lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the contents into the small intestine." [Wikipedia:Pylorus] synonym: "Pyloric region" RELATED [] synonym: "Pyloric part of stomach" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001146 xref: FMA:14581 xref: MESH:D011708 xref: UBERON:0001166 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0980 ! Stomach [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2427 name: Substantia nigra pars compacta def: "Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of a densely packed region of cells, more or less dorsal to the pars reticulata, but extending into the pars reticulata in some species. The dominant neurotransmitter used by pars compacta neurons is dopamine. Pars compacta neurons are pigmented in many species." [UBERON:substantia nigra pars compacta] synonym: "substantia nigra compacta" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003749 xref: FMA:62907 xref: MESH:D065842 xref: UBERON:0001965 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0990 ! Substantia nigra [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2428 name: Substantia nigra pars reticulata def: "Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter." [UBERON:substantia nigra pars reticulata] xref: BTO:0003750 xref: FMA:62908 xref: MESH:D065841 xref: UBERON:0001966 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0990 ! Substantia nigra [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2429 name: Vena cava def: "Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart." [UBERON:vena cava] synonym: "Venae cavae" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001438 xref: UBERON:0004087 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1108 ! Vein [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2430 name: Endometrial glandular cell def: "A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium". [] synonym: "Endometrium glandular cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Glandular cell of endometrium" RELATED [] synonym: "Endometrium glandular cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002656 xref: FMA:86489 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2631 ! Endometrium epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2431 name: Subcutaneous adipose tissue def: "A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis." [UBERON:Subcutaneous adipose tissue] xref: BTO:0004042 xref: FMA:74315 xref: MESH:D050151 xref: UBERON:0002190 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2432 name: Fetal intestine def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult intestine". [PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2433 name: Trigeminal ganglion def: "The trigeminal ganglion (or Gasserian ganglion, or semilunar ganglion, or Gasser's ganglion) is a sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) that occupies a cavity (Meckel's cave) in the dura mater, covering the trigeminal impression near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone". [Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion] xref: BTO:0001231 xref: FMA:52618 xref: MESH:D012668 xref: UBERON:0001675 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0397 ! Ganglion [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2434 name: Primary oocyte def: "A primary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed female meosis I". [CL:primary oocyte] synonym: "MI oocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Oocyte MI arrested" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000512 xref: CL:0000654 xref: FMA:18645 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0711 ! Oocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2435 name: Secondary oocyte def: "A secondary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed meiosis II". [[CL:secondary oocyte] synonym: "MII oocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "Oocyte MII arrested" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003094 xref: CL:0000655 xref: FMA:18646 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0711 ! Oocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2436 name: Pachytene spermatocyte def: "Primary spermatocyte in the third stage of prophase I of meiosis during which the homologous chromosomes are closely paired and crossing-over takes place." [Wikipedia_adapted:Spermatocyte/Pachytene] synonym: "Pachytene spermatocytes" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2194 ! Primary spermatocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2437 name: Pharyngeal mucosa def: "A mucosa that is part of a pharynx". [UBERON:pharyngeal mucosa] synonym: "Pharynx mucous membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucous membrane of pharynx" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of pharynx" RELATED [] synonym: "Pharynx mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucous membrane of pharynx" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001047 xref: FMA:55031 xref: UBERON:0000355 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0785 ! Pharynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2438 name: CD4-positive helper T cell def: "A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that cooperates with other lymphocytes via direct contact or cytokine release to initiate a variety of immune functions." [CL:0000492] synonym: "CD4-positive T-helper cell" RELATED [] synonym: "CD4-positive helper T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "CD4-positive helper T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "CD4-positive helper T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000492 xref: FMA:70572 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1146 ! Helper T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2439 name: CD8-Positive T-cell def: "A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes". [MESH:D018414] synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "T8 Lymphocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "CD8-positive, T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000625 xref: MESH:D018414 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2440 name: Superior surface of tongue def: "Superior surface of the tongue with papillae". [PDR] synonym: "Superior surface of the tongue with papilla" RELATED [] synonym: "Dorsal surface of tongue" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54646 xref: UBERON:0007371 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1050 ! tongue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2441 name: Type I NK T cell def: "An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK cell markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses specific V-alpha chains. NK T cells of this type recognize the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide in the context of CD1d". [CL:0000921] synonym: "type I NKT cell" RELATED [] synonym: "type I NK T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "classical NK T cell" RELATED [] synonym: "type I NK T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "type I NK T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "invariant NK T cell" RELATED [] synonym: "iNKT cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000921 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2165 ! Natural killer T cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2442 name: Thymic cortex def: "The outer part of a thymus lobule that surrounds the medulla and is composed of closely packed lymphocytes". [UBERON:0002123] synonym: "Cortex of thymus" RELATED [] synonym: "Thymus cortex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002934 xref: FMA:72205 xref: UBERON:0002123 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1043 ! Thymus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2443 name: Cortical thymic epithelial cell def: "An epithelial cell of the cortical portion of the thymus. Epithelial cells in this region are required for positive selection of CD8-positive T cells". [CL:0002364] synonym: "Thymic cortical epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004562 xref: CL:0002364 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2442 ! Thymic cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2444 name: Cortical thymic dendritic cell CD11c-positive def: "Thymic cortex dendritic cells that expressed CD11c". [PDR:PMID:19289856] synonym: "Cortical thymic dendritic cell CD11c positive" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0194 ! Dendritic cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2442 ! Thymic cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2445 name: Cortical thymic dendritic cell CD303-positive def: "Thymic cortex dendritic cells that expressed CD303". [PDR:PMID:19289856] synonym: "Cortical thymic dendritic cell CD303 positive" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0194 ! Dendritic cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2442 ! Thymic cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2446 name: Cortical thymic dendritic cell CD209-positive def: "Thymic cortex dendritic cells that expressed CD209". [PDR:PMID:19289856] synonym: "Cortical thymic dendritic cell CD209 positive" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0194 ! Dendritic cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2442 ! Thymic cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2447 name: Gingival crevicular fluid def: "Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a complex mixture of substances derived from serum, host inflammatory cells, structural cells of the periodontium, and oral bacteria. GCF originates from the vessels of the gingival plexus of blood vessels and flows through the external basement membrane and the junctional epithelium to reach the gingival sulcus." [PMID:25395809] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1293 ! Alimentary system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2448 name: Heel bone def: "Bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel". [Wikipedia:Calcaneus] synonym: "Calcaneus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002355 xref: FMA:24496 xref: MESH:D002111 xref: UBERON:0001450 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0377 ! Foot [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2449 name: Hippocampal formation def: "The hippocampus, subiculum, and dentate gyrus constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the entorhinal cortex in the hippocampal formation. The term hippocampus is often used synonymously with hippocampal formation." [Wikipedia:Hippocampal formation] xref: BTO:0000601 xref: FMA:74038 xref: MESH:D006624 xref: UBERON:0002421 xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/hippocampus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1307 ! Limbic system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2061 ! Limbic lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2450 name: Subiculum def: "Part of the hippocampal formation that is bounded by the entorhinal cortex and area CA1. It is characterized on the CA1 border by an abrupt widening of the pyramidal cell layer. A molecular layer is present that is continuous with that of CA1, although the stratum radiatum is no longer present. The stratum oriens is also not present." [UBERON:Subiculum] xref: BTO:0003087 xref: FMA:74414 xref: UBERON:0002191 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2449 ! Hippocampal formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2451 name: Ischium def: "The ischium forms the lower and back part of the hip bone. Situated below the ilium and behind the pubis, it is one of these three bones whose fusion creates the hip. The superior portion of this bone forms approximately one third of the acetabulum." [Wikipedia:Ischium] xref: FMA:16592 xref: MESH:D007512 xref: UBERON:0001274 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2227 ! Pelvis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2452 name: Ulna def: "The ulna is one of the two long bones in the forearm (the other is the radius). It is on the side opposite the thumb, extends from the elbow to the wrist, and runs parallel to the radius, which it exceeds in length and size." [Wikipedia:Ulna] xref: FMA:23466 xref: MESH:D014457 xref: UBERON:0001424 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0088 ! Bone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2205 ! Forearm [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2453 name: Cingulate gyrus def: "One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and interhemispheric commissure and forms part of the limbic system. One of three essential structures comprising the limbic lobe, the other two being the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus." [UBERON:cingulate gyrus] xref: BTO:0003976 xref: FMA:62434 xref: MESH:D006179 xref: UBERON:0002967 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1307 ! Limbic system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2454 name: Ocular adnexa def: "The parts of the orbital region that are outside of the eyeball, including the lacrimal apparatus, the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows and the conjunctiva." [UBERON:ocular adnexa] synonym: "Eye adnexa" RELATED [] synonym: "Appendage of eye" RELATED [] xref: FMA:321943 xref: UBERON:0035639 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2497 ! Ocular region [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2455 name: Orbit of skull def: "The bony cavity of the skull which contains the eye, anterior portion of the optic nerve, ocular muscles and ocular adnexa. Seven bones contribute to the structure of the orbit: the frontal, maxillary, zygomatic, sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, and palatine bones. It can also be used to imply the contents." [NCIT:Orbit and Wikipedia:Orbit] synonym: "Orbit" RELATED [] synonym: "Orbital" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54379 xref: MESH:D009915 xref: UBERON:0001697 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2344 ! Skull [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2456 name: Sinonasal and nasal cavity def: "The area of the head comprised of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses." [NCIT:Sinonasal Tract] synonym: "Sinonasal tract" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2457 name: Proximal colon def: "The proximal portion of the colon, extending from the ileocecal valve usually to a point proximal to the left colic flexure; it develops embryonically from the terminal portion of the midgut and functions in absorption." [UBERON:right colon] synonym: "Right colon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000649 xref: UBERON:0008972 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2458 name: Major salivary gland def: "One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands." [UBERON:major salivary gland] xref: FMA:59788 xref: UBERON:0001829 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0892 ! Salivary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2459 name: Glossotonsillar sulcus def: "An area between the tonsil and the base of tongue. The bottom part of the palatine tonsil where it blends into the lingual tonsil tissue." [http://www.headandneckcancerguide.org/adults/introduction-to-head-and-neck-cancer/throat-cancer/oropharyngeal-cancer/tonsil-cancer/anatomy/] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2460 name: Finger def: "Any of the digits of the hand." [NCIT:finger] synonym: "Manual digit" RELATED [] synonym: "Digit" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004669 xref: FMA:9666 xref: MESH:D005385 xref: UBERON:0002389 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2213 ! Hand [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2461 name: Lower leg def: "The section of the lower limb extending from the knee to the ankle." [Wikipedia:Human_leg] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2206 ! Leg [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2462 name: Upper arm def: "The upper arm extends from the shoulder to the elbow." [Wikipedia:arm] xref: UBERON:0003822 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2204 ! Arm [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2463 name: Wrist def: "The region of the upper limb between the metacarpus and the forearm." [MESH:wrist] xref: FMA:24922 xref: MESH:D014953 xref: UBERON:0004452 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2214 ! Upper limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2464 name: Thoracic wall def: "The outer margins of the thorax containing skin, deep fascia, thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and muscles." [MESH:thoracic wall] synonym: "Chest wall" RELATED [] xref: FMA:50060 xref: MESH:D035441 xref: UBERON:0016435 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1039 ! Thorax [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2465 name: Mesentery def: "The mesentery is a continuous set of tissues which is formed by the double fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen." [Wikiperdia:Mesentery] xref: BTO:0001380 xref: FMA:7144 xref: MESH:D008643 xref: UBERON:0002095 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2072 ! Peritoneum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2466 name: Abdominal wall def: "The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles." [UBERON:abdominal wall] synonym: "Wall of abdomen" RELATED [] xref: FMA:299989 xref: MESH:D034861 xref: UBERON:0003697 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0001 ! Abdomen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2467 name: Alveolar ridge def: "An alveolar ridge (also known as the alveolar margin) is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_ridge] synonym: "Alveolar process" RELATED [] synonym: "Alveolar margin" RELATED [] synonym: "Alveolus ridge" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001383 xref: FMA:313923 xref: MESH:D000539 xref: UBERON:0004103 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2468 name: Brachial plexus def: "The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon." [MESH:brachial plexus] synonym: "Brachial nerve plexus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:5906 xref: MESH:D001917 xref: UBERON:0001814 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0808 ! Peripheral nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2469 name: Carotid body def: "A small epithelioid structure consisting of a small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery that serves as a chemoreceptive organ that senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control." [UBERON:carotid body] synonym: "Carotid glomus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000204 xref: FMA:50095 xref: MESH:D002344 xref: UBERON:0001629 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2094 ! Parasympathetic nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2470 name: Cheek def: "A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose. In many animals the inside of the cheek is lined with mucous membrane covered with stratified squamous epithelium and supplied with secretions from buccal glands." [UBERON:cheek] xref: BTO:0001754 xref: FMA:46476 xref: MESH:D002610 xref: UBERON:0001567 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2216 ! Face [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2471 name: Thoracic cavity def: "The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax." [UBERON:thoracic cavity] synonym: "Chest cavity" RELATED [] xref: FMA:7565 xref: MESH:D035423 xref: UBERON:0002224 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1039 ! Thorax [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2472 name: Cranial nerve def: "Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. The cranial nerves are considered components of the peripheral nervous system, although on a structural level the olfactory, optic and terminal nerves are more accurately considered part of the central nervous system." [UBERON:cranial nerve and Wikipedia:Cranial_nerves] xref: BTO:0001104 xref: FMA:5865 xref: MESH:D003391 xref: UBERON:0001785 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0772 ! Peripheral nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2473 name: Epiglottis def: "The epiglottis is a flap made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally. It stands open during breathing, allowing air into the larynx. During swallowing, it closes to prevent aspiration, forcing the swallowed liquids or food to go down the esophagus instead. It is thus the valve that diverts passage to either the trachea or the esophagus." [Wikipedia:Epiglottis] xref: BTO:0001628 xref: FMA:55130 xref: MESH:D004825 xref: UBERON:0000388 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2476 ! Supraglottis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2474 name: Glottis def: "The vocal apparatus of the larynx, situated in the middle section of the larynx. Glottis consists of the vocal folds and an opening (rima glottidis) between the folds." [MESH:glottis] xref: BTO:0001627 xref: FMA:55414 xref: MESH:D005931 xref: UBERON:0002486 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0532 ! Larynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2475 name: Subglottis def: "The subglottis or subglottic region is the lower portion of the larynx, extending from just beneath the vocal cords down to the top of the trachea. The structures in the subglottis are implicated in the regulation of the temperature of the breath. Narrowing of the subglottis is known as subglottic stenosis and may require a tracheotomy to correct." [Wikipedia:subglottis] xref: FMA:55477 xref: UBERON:0036068 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0532 ! Larynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2476 name: Supraglottis def: "The upper part of the larynx, including the epiglottis; the area above the vocal cords." [NCIT:supraglottis] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0532 ! Larynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2477 name: Ethmoid sinus def: "The numerous (6-12) small thin-walled spaces or air cells in the ethmoid bone located between the eyes. These air cells form an ethmoidal labyrinth." [MESH:ethmoid sinus] synonym: "Ethmoidal sinuses" RELATED [] synonym: "Ethmoidal air cells of the ethmoid bone" RELATED [] xref: FMA:84115 xref: MESH:D005005 xref: UBERON:0002453 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2082 ! Paranasal sinuses [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2478 name: Forehead def: "In human anatomy, the forehead is an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond." [Wikipedia:forehead] xref: FMA:63864 xref: MESH:D005546 xref: UBERON:0008200 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2216 ! Face [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2479 name: Hard palate def: "Anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes. The hard palate is formed from bony processes of the maxilla, premaxilla and palatine." [UBERON:hard palate] xref: FMA:55023 xref: MESH:D021362 xref: UBERON:0003216 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2212 ! Palate [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2480 name: Iliotibial band def: "The iliotibial tract or iliotibial band (also known as Maissiat's band or IT Band) is a longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata (dense connective tissue of the thigh)." [Wikipedia:Iliotibial_tract] synonym: "Iliotibial tract" RELATED [] xref: FMA:51048 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2039 ! Thigh [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2481 name: Inferior vena cava def: "The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra." [Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava] xref: BTO:0002682 xref: FMA:10951 xref: MESH:D014682 xref: UBERON:0001072 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2429 ! Vena cava [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2482 name: Jaw region def: "Organ cluster which consists of either maxilla or mandible, set of periodontia and dentition. A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions." [FMA:jaw and UBERON:jaw region] xref: FMA:54396 xref: UBERON:0011595 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0436 ! Head [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2483 name: Mesocolon def: "The fold of peritoneum by which the colon is attached to the posterior abdominal wall." [MESH:mesocolon] synonym: "Mesentery of large intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "Large intestinal mesentery" RELATED [] synonym: "Mesentery of colon" RELATED [] xref: FMA:14645 xref: MESH:D008646 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2072 ! Peritoneum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2484 name: Paraaortic body def: "A chromaffin paraganglion located at the bifurcation of the aorta or at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery." [UBERON:paraaortic body] synonym: "Paraganglia of Zuckerkandl" RELATED [] synonym: "Para-aortic body" RELATED [] synonym: "organ of Zuckerkandl" RELATED [] synonym: "paraganglion of Zuckerkandl" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15647 xref: MESH:D010220 xref: UBERON:0001237 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2358 ! Paraganglia chromaffin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2485 name: Cervical ganglion def: "The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things." [UBERON:cervical ganglion] synonym: "Cervical ganglia" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000113 xref: FMA:6470 xref: UBERON:0001991 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0994 ! Sympathetic ganglion [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2486 name: Parametrium def: "The subserous connective tissue of the pelvic floor of the supracervical portion of the uterus. The parametrium extends laterally between the layers of the broad ligament." [UBERON:parametrium] xref: BTO:0005627 xref: FMA:77061 xref: UBERON:0010391 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2009 ! Connective tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1102 ! Uterus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2487 name: Pelvic cavity def: "The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the pelvis." [UBERON:pelvic cavity] xref: FMA:9738 xref: UBERON:0008203 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2227 ! Pelvis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2488 name: Perineum def: "The body region lying between the genital area and the anus on the surface of the trunk, and to the shallow compartment lying deep to this area that is inferior to the pelvic diaphragm. The surface area is between the vulva and the anus in the female, and between the scrotum and the anus in the male." [MESH:perineum] xref: FMA:9579 xref: MESH:D010502 xref: UBERON:0002356 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2489 name: Piriform sinus def: "A recess on each side in the wall of the hypopharynx." [MESH:pyriform sinus] synonym: "Piriform recess" RELATED [] synonym: "Pyriform sinus" RELATED [] synonym: "Piriform fossa" RELATED [] synonym: "Smuggler's fossa" RELATED [] synonym: "Vallecula of throat" RELATED [] xref: FMA:55067 xref: MESH:D056144 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2020 ! Hypopharynx [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2490 name: Popliteal area def: "A depression on the ventral side of the femur, at the knee joint, between the condyles. Popliteal refers to anatomical structures located in the back of the knee." [UBERON:popliteal area and Wikipedia:popliteal] synonym: "Popliteal fossa" RELATED [] xref: FMA:22525 xref: UBERON:0013069 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2206 ! Leg [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2491 name: Rectovaginal fascia def: "The rectovaginal fascia is a thin structure separating the vagina and the rectum." [Wikipedia:Retrovaginal_fascia] synonym: "Rectovaginal septum" RELATED [] synonym: "Fascia of Otto" RELATED [] xref: FMA:19934 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2227 ! Pelvis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2492 name: Spinal nerve def: "A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column. These are grouped into the corresponding cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions of the spine.[1] There are eight pairs of cervical nerves, twelve pairs of thoracic nerves, five pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral nerves, and one pair of coccygeal nerves. The spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system." [Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve] xref: BTO:0000870 xref: FMA:5858 xref: MESH:D013127 xref: UBERON:0001780 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0772 ! Peripheral nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2493 name: Tibial nerve def: "The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery." [UBERON:tibial nerve] xref: FMA:19035 xref: MESH:D013979 xref: UBERON:0001323 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0772 ! Peripheral nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2494 name: Toe def: "The digits of the foot." [Wikipedia:toe] xref: BTO:0002348 xref: FMA:25046 xref: MESH:D014034 xref: UBERON:0001466 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0377 ! Foot [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2495 name: Ulnar nerve def: "A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm. A nerve which runs near the ulna bone." [MESH:ulnar nerve] xref: FMA:37319 xref: MESH:D014459 xref: UBERON:0001494 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0772 ! Peripheral nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2496 name: Vestibulocochlear nerve def: "Cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain." [UBERON:vestibulocochlear nerve] synonym: "cochlear-vestibular nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "acoustic VIII nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "vestibulocochlear nerve tree" RELATED [] synonym: "stato-acoustic nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "cochleovestibular nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "VIIIth cranial nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "cranial nerve VIII" RELATED [] synonym: "eighth cranial nerve" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003490 xref: FMA:50869 xref: MESH:D000159 xref: UBERON:0001648 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2472 ! Cranial nerve relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2541 ! Auditory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2497 name: Ocular region def: "The region of the face that contains the eye, anterior portion of the optic nerve, ocular muscles and ocular adnexa and is supported by the orbit of skull." [PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2216 ! Face synonym: "Orbital region" RELATED [] [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2498 name: Iliac vein def: "Any of the three veins including the common, external and internal iliac veins. A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava". [UBERON:iliac vein and MESH:iliac vein] xref: MESH:D007084 xref: UBERON:0005610 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1108 ! Vein [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2499 name: Esophagogastric junction def: "The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice". [MESH:Esophagogastric Junction] synonym: "Gastro-esophageal junction" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004364 xref: FMA:9434 xref: MESH:D004943 xref: UBERON:0007650 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0407 ! Gastrointestinal tract [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2500 name: Urachus def: "A fibrous remnant of the allantoic stalk, a narrow fetal canal connecting the apex of the urinary bladder with the umbilicus located in the space of Retzius, between the transversalis fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly. its lumen is normally obliterated during development, transforming the urachus into a solid cord, a functionless remnant that persists throughout life as the median umbilical ligament; failure of complete lumen obliteration may result in distinct congenital urachal remnant anomalies." [UBERON:Urachus] xref: FMA:70343 xref: MESH:D014497 xref: UBERON:0002068 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0394 ! Gall bladder [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2501 name: Zona fasciculata of adrenal gland def: "The wide middle zone of the adrenal cortex. This zone produces a series of enzymes that convert pregnenolone to cortisol (hydrocortisone) via 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone." [MESH:Zona Fasciculata] synonym: "Adrenal Fasciculata" RELATED [] synonym: "Zona Fasciculata" RELATED [] synonym: "Adrenal gland cells in zona fasciculata" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000050 xref: FMA:69234 xref: MESH:D015383 xref: UBERON:0002054 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0015 ! Adrenal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2502 name: Zona reticularis of adrenal gland def: "The inner zone of the adrenal cortex. This zone produces the enzymes that convert pregnenolone, a 21-carbon steroid, to 19-carbon steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone; and androstenedione) via 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone." [MESH:Zona Reticularis] synonym: "Adrenal Reticularis" RELATED [] synonym: "Zona Reticularis" RELATED [] synonym: "Adrenal gland cells in zona reticularis" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000056 xref: FMA:69236 xref: MESH:D015385 xref: UBERON:0002055 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0015 ! Adrenal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2503 name: Caudate nucleus glial cell def: "Glial cells in the caudate nucleus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Caudate nucleus glial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Caudate glial cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0121 ! Caudate nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2504 name: Caudate nucleus neuron def: "Neuronal cells in the caudate nucleus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Caudate nucleus neuronal cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Caudate neuronal cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0121 ! Caudate nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2505 name: Hypothalamus glial cell def: "Glial cell of hypothalamus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Hypothalamic glial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Hypothalamus glial cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2506 name: Hypothalamus neuron def: "Neuronal cell of hypothalamus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Hypothalamic neuron" RELATED [] synonym: "Hypothalamus neuronal cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2507 name: Hair medulla def: "Forms the central part of the hair shaft and contains large vacuolated cells. The medulla is present only in thick hairs." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Medulla of hair shaft" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004671 xref: FMA:322848 xref: UBERON:0005184 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0430 ! Hair [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2508 name: Hair cortex def: "Located peripheral to the hair medulla and contains cuboidal cells. These cells undergo differentiation into keratin-filled cells." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Cortex of hair shaft" RELATED [] synonym: "Cortex of hair" RELATED [] synonym: "Coat hair cortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:70934 xref: UBERON:0002077 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0430 ! Hair [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2509 name: Hair cuticle def: "Form the outermost layer of the hair and contains squamous cells." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Cuticle of hair shaft" RELATED [] synonym: "Cuticle of hair" RELATED [] xref: FMA:70933 xref: UBERON:0002076 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0430 ! Hair [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2510 name: Hair inner root sheath def: "The internal root sheath is a multilayered cellular covering that surrounds the deep part of the hair. Has three layers: the cuticle, the Huxley's layer, and the Henle's layer." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Internal root sheath" RELATED [] synonym: "Inner root sheath" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003971 xref: FMA:70935 xref: UBERON:0005941 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0432 ! Hair follicle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2511 name: Hair external root sheath def: "The outermost part of the hair follicle, which represents a downgrowth of the epidermis." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "External root sheath" RELATED [] synonym: "Outer root sheath" RELATED [] synonym: "Hair outer root sheath" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003969 xref: FMA:70943 xref: UBERON:0005942 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0432 ! Hair follicle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2512 name: Outer plexiform layer of retina def: "Contains the processes of retinal rods and cones and processes of the horizontal, amacrine, and bipolar cells that connect to them." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Outer plexiform layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal outer plexiform layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retina outer plexiform layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Nerve fibers in outer plexiform layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003174 xref: FMA:58685 xref: UBERON:0001790 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2513 name: Inner plexiform layer of retina def: "Contains the processes of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, and ganglion cells that connect to each other." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Inner plexiform layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal inner plexiform layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retina inner plexiform layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Nerve fibers in inner plexiform layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003175 xref: FMA:58704 xref: UBERON:0001795 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2514 name: Inner nuclear layer of retina def: "Contains the cell bodies (nuclei) of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, and Muller's cells." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Inner nuclear layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retina inner nuclear layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retinal inner nuclear layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Neural retina inner nuclear layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Cells in inner nuclear layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003176 xref: FMA:58686 xref: UBERON:0001791 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2515 name: Nerve fiber layer of retina def: "Contains processes of ganglion cells that lead from the retina to the brain." [isbn:0781767903] synonym: "Optic fiber layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Retina nerve fiber layer" RELATED [] synonym: "Layer of nerve fibres of retina" RELATED [] synonym: "Layer of optic nerve fibres of retina" RELATED [] synonym: "Layer of optic nerve fibres" RELATED [] synonym: "Nerve fibers in nerve fiber layer" RELATED [] xref: FMA:58688 xref: UBERON:0001793 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2516 name: Lactating lactiferous duct def: "Lactiferous duct in period of lactation." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "lactating lactiferous duct" RELATED [] synonym: "lactating lactiferous gland duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Lactating mammary duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Lactating mammary gland duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Lactating breast ductal cells" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0513 ! Lactating mammary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2517 name: Lactating mammary gland glandular cell def: "Glandular cell of mammary epithelium in period of lactation." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Lactating glandular cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0513 ! Lactating mammary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2518 name: Cerebral cortex neuronal projections def: "Refers to any projection or appendage of the neuronal cell body including the axon and/or dendrite projections and bundles of axons and/or dendrites from the neuron cell body found in the cerebral cortex." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Cerebral cortex processes/nerve bundles" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebral cortex processes" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2519 name: Hippocampus neuronal projections def: "Refers to any projection or appendage of the neuronal cell body including the axon and/or dendrite projections and bundles of axons and/or dendrites from the neuron cell body found in the hippocampus." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Hippocampus processes/nerve bundles" RELATED [] synonym: "Hippocampus processes" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0460 ! Hippocampus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2520 name: Hypothalamus neuronal projections def: "Refers to any projection or appendage of the neuronal cell body including the axon and/or dendrite projections and bundles of axons and/or dendrites from the neuron cell body found in the hypothalamus." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] synonym: "Hypothalamus processes/nerve bundles" RELATED [] synonym: "Hypothalamus processes" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2521 name: Skin secretory cell def: "A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct". [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2522 name: Skin exocrine cell def: "A cell of a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct part of the skin". [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2521 ! Skin secretory cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2523 name: Sebum secreting cell def: "A cell secreting sebun, an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris." [CL:0000317] synonym: "Skin sebaceous cell" RELATED [] synonym:"Sebocyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004613 xref: CL:0000317 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2522 ! Skin exocrine cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2384 ! Sebaceous gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2524 name: Skin sweat cell def: "Exocrine cell of the sweat gland. Includes clear cell of eccrine sweat gland, dark cell of eccrine sweat gland, and exocrine cells of apocrine sweat glands." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2522 ! Skin exocrine cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0993 ! Sweat gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2525 name: Retinal microglial cell def: "Microglial cells of the retina." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Retina microglia cell" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62113 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0627 ! Microglia relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0865 ! Retina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2526 name: Type I alveolar epithelial cell def: "Type I alveolar cells are squamous cells of the alveolar surface. Type I cells are involved in the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and blood." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_cells] synonym: "type I alveolar cell" RELATED [] synonym: "type 1 pneumocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "type I pneumocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "alveolar cell type I" RELATED [] synonym: "squamous alveolar lining cell" RELATED [] synonym: "type-I alveolar cell" RELATED [] synonym: "squamous alveolar cell" RELATED [] synonym: "alveolar cells type 1" RELATED [] synonym: "lung alveolar cells type I" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000780 xref: CL:0002062 xref: FMA:62500 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2168 ! Pneumocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2527 name: Type II alveolar epithelial cell def: "Type II alveolar cells cover a small fraction of the alveolar surface area. They are involved in the secretion of pulmonary surfactant, which decreases the surface tension within the alveoli." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_cells] synonym: "type II alveolar cell" RELATED [] synonym: "type 2 pneumocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "type II pneumocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "alveolar cell type II" RELATED [] synonym: "alveolar cells type 2" RELATED [] synonym: "type-II alveolar cell" RELATED [] synonym: "great alveolar cell" RELATED [] synonym: "lung alveolar cells type II" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000538 xref: CL:0002063 xref: FMA:62501 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2168 ! Pneumocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2528 name: Interstitial macrophage def: "Interstitial macrophages reside in space bound by the alveolar epithelium and the vascular endothelium. Interstitial macrophages might have a role in limiting inflammation, fibrosis, and antigen presentation." [PMID:20824285] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0576 ! Lung macrophage [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2529 name: Oligodendrocyte precursor cell def: "The cell type from which oligodendrocytes develop. This cell originates from multiple structures within the developing brain including the medial ganglion eminence and the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells migrate throughout the central nervous system and persist into adulthood where they play an important role in remyelination of injured neurons." [CL:0002453] synonym: "oligodendrocyte precursor cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002453 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2530 name: Cerebral cortex synapses def: "Synapses at the cerebral cortex. Synapses or synaptic junctions are specialized junctions between neurons that facilitate transmission of impulses from one neuron to another neuron, or between axons and effector cells." [PDR:nextprot] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2531 name: Hippocampus synapses def: "Synapses at the hippocampus. Synapses or synaptic junctions are specialized junctions between neurons that facilitate transmission of impulses from one neuron to another neuron, or between axons and effector cells." [PDR:nextprot] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0460 ! Hippocampus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2532 name: Caudate nucleus synapses def: "Synapses at the caudate nucleus. Synapses or synaptic junctions are specialized junctions between neurons that facilitate transmission of impulses from one neuron to another neuron, or between axons and effector cells." [PDR:nextprot] synonym: "Caudate synapses" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0121 ! Caudate nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2533 name: Caudate nucleus neuronal projections synonym: "Caudate neuronal projections" RELATED [] def: "Refers to any projection or appendage of the neuronal cell body including the axon and/or dendrite projections and bundles of axons and/or dendrites from the neuron cell body found in the caudate nucleus." [neXtProt:PDR;HPA:HPA] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0121 ! Caudate nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2534 name: Round spermatid def: "Male germ cell derived from the haploid secondary spermatocyte at early stage of maturation. A round spermatid is more or less radially symmetrical and contains a nucleus, Golgi apparatus, centriole and mitochondria. During the phase of spermiogenesis, the final stage of spermatogenesis, round spermatids will acquire polarity to become elongated spermatids and finally mature into motile spermatozoa." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Round spermatid" RELATED [] synonym: "Round or early spermatids" RELATED [] synonym: "Early spermatids" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0950 ! Spermatid [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2535 name: Elongated spermatid def: "Male germ cell derived from the haploid secondary spermatocyte at early stage of maturation. During the phase of spermiogenesis, the final stage of spermatogenesis, round spermatids will acquire polarity to become elongated spermatids and finally mature into motile spermatozoa. The process of spermiogenesis is divided into four stages: the Golgi phase, the cap phase, formation of tail, and the maturation stage." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Elongated spermatid" RELATED [] synonym: "Elongated or late spermatids" RELATED [] synonym: "Late spermatids" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0950 ! Spermatid [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2536 name: Preleptotene spermatocyte def: "Preleptotene is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis. Preleptotene spermatocytes are produced by the division of B spermatogonia. During preleptotene, preleptotene spermatocytes move away from the basement membrane and pass through the Sertoli cell tight junctions." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Preleptotene spermatocytes" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2194 ! Primary spermatocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2537 name: Midbrain tegmentum def: "Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle. The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct." [UBERON:0001943] xref: UBERON:0001943 synonym: "Tegmentum" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0630 ! Midbrain relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0093 ! Brain stem [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2538 name: Clitoris def: "The small, erectile body located at the anterior end of the vulva." [UBERON:0002411] xref: UBERON:0002411 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1168 ! Vulva [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2539 name: Spinal column def: "Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body." [UBERON:0001130] xref: UBERON:0001130 synonym: "Spine" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1071 ! Trunk [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2540 name: Sensory system def: "Sense organs, sensory neurons, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in the perception and processing sensory information." [neXtProt:PDR; Wikipedia] synonym: "Sensory organ system" RELATED [] xref: FMA:75259 xref: UBERON:0001032 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2088 ! Anatomical system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2541 name: Auditory system def: "Sensory system for the sense of hearing." [UBERON:Auditory system] xref: FMA:7192 xref: UBERON:0016490 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2540 ! Sensory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2542 name: Olfactory system def: "A sensory system that is capable of olfacttion (the sensory perception of smell)." [UBERON:Olfactory system] xref: FMA:7190 xref: UBERON:0005725 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2540 ! Sensory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2543 name: Visual system def: "The sensory system involved in the sense of vision." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:7191 xref: UBERON:0002104 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2540 ! Sensory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2544 name: Gustatory system def: "The sensory system for the sense of taste." [UBERON:Gustatory system] synonym: "Taste system" RELATED [] xref: FMA:7194 xref: UBERON:0001033 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2540 ! Sensory system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2545 name: Auditory cortex def: "The part of the brain that is the ultimate target of afferent auditory information." [UBERON:Auditory cortex] xref: BTO:0004343 xref: FMA:226221 xref: MESH:D001303 xref: UBERON:0001393 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2541 ! Auditory system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1020 ! Temporal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2546 name: Gustatory cortex def: "The gustatory cortex is a region of the cerebral cortex responsible for the perception of taste and flavour. It is comprised of the anterior insula on the insular lobe and the frontal operculum on the frontal lobe." [https://www.nature.com/subjects/gustatory-cortex] synonym: "Primary gustatory cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2544 ! Gustatory system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2547 name: Classical monocyte def: "The classical monocyte is characterized by high level expression of the CD14 cell surface receptor (CD14++ CD16- monocyte). A monocyte that responds rapidly to microbial stimuli by secreting cytokines and antimicrobial factors and which is characterized by high expression of CCR2 in both rodents and humans, negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20, and of larger size than non-classical monocytes." [HPA_and_CL] xref: BTO: xref: CL:0000860 xref: FMA: xref: MESH: is_a: CALOHA:TS-0638 ! Monocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2548 name: Intermediate monocyte def: "The intermediate monocyte has high level expression of CD14 and low level expression of CD16 (CD14++CD16+ monocytes). A monocyte that has characteristics of both patrolling and inflammatory monocytes." [HPA_and_CL] xref: CL:0002393 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0638 ! Monocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2549 name: Non-classical monocyte def: "The non-classical monocyte shows low level expression of CD14 and additional co-expression of the CD16 receptor (CD14+CD16++ monocyte). A type of monocyte characterized by low expression of CCR2, low responsiveness to monocyte chemoattractant CCL2/MCP1, low phagocytic activity, and decrease size relative to classical monocytes, but increased co-stimulatory activity. May also play a role in tissue repair." [HPA_and_CL] xref: CL:0000875 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0638 ! Monocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2550 name: Myeloid dendritic cell def: "Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are antigen-presenting cells, which capture and process antigens that will be displayed on their surface and subsequently presented to T-cells." [HPA] synonym: "Myeloid DCs" RELATED [] synonym: "Myeloid DC" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004721 xref: CL:0000782 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0194 ! Dendritic cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-0647 ! Myeloid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2551 name: Memory B-cell def: "Memory B-cells are formed within germinal centers following primary infection, and are important in generating an accelerated and more robust antibody-mediated immune response in the case of re-infection. They are localized in areas of facilitated antigen encounter and compared to naive B-cells they have higher affinity to the immunizing antigen, a lifespan of decades instead of weeks, and faster and more efficient proliferation and differentiation." [HPA_and_CL] synonym: "Memory B lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Memory B-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Memory B-cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Memory B cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000787 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0068 ! B-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2552 name: Naive B cell def: "Naive B-cells reside in lymph nodes and are B-cells not yet exposed to an antigen. Upon antigen activation they will differentiate to either plasma cells or memory B-cells." [HPA] synonym: "Naive B-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive B lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive B-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive B-cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000788 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0068 ! B-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2553 name: Naive CD4 T-cell def: "Naive T-cells are located predominantly in lymphoid tissue and are mature T-cells that have not yet encountered its cognate antigen. Upon antigen activation they may further differentiate to memory T-cells." [HPA] synonym: "Naive CD4 T-cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000895 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2554 name: Naive CD8 T-cell def: "NaiveT-cells are located predominantly in lymphoid tissue and are mature T-cells that have not yet encountered its cognate antigen. Upon antigen activation they may further differentiate to memory T-cells." [HPA] synonym: "Naive CD8 T-cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000900 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2555 name: Memory CD4 T-cell def: "Memory T-cells provide the immune system with an effective defence against previously encountered pathogens, by having a long lifespan and the ability to quickly expand to large numbers upon re-exposure to their cognate antigen." [HPA] synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Memory CD4 T-cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000897 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2556 name: Memory CD8 T-cell def: "Memory T-cells provide the immune system with an effective defence against previously encountered pathogens, by having a long lifespan and the ability to quickly expand to large numbers upon re-exposure to their cognate antigen." [HPA] synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T-lymphocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Memory CD8 T-cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000909 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2557 name: Mucosal associated invariant T-cell def: "Mucosal associated invariant T-cells (MAIT T-cells) are involved in innate immunity and the defence against microbial activity and infection, but they also support the adaptive immune response and are thought to have a role in some autoimmune diseases." [HPA] synonym: "MAIT T-cells" RELATED [] synonym: "MAIT T-cell" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1001 ! T-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2558 name: Dorsal raphe nucleus def: "The dorsal region of the raphe nucleus which is a source of the serotonergic neurons innervating the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. The dorsal raphe nucleus projects to amygdala, cerebral cortex, caudate, putamen and olfactory bulb. Implicated in depression." [MESH:D065847;HPA] synonym: "Nucleus raphes dorsalis" RELATED [] synonym: "Dorsal nucleus raphe" RELATED [] synonym: "Inferior raphe nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Nucleus raphes posterior" RELATED [] synonym: "Dorsal raphe" RELATED [] synonym: "Posterior raphe nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Dorsal nucleus of the raphe" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002434 xref: FMA:68462 xref: MESH:D065847 xref: UBERON:0002043 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0630 ! Midbrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2559 name: Dorsal raphe glial cell def: "Glial cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Dorsal raphe glial cells" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2558 ! Dorsal raphe nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2560 name: Dorsal raphe neuronal cell def: "Glial cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Dorsal raphe neuronal cells" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2558 ! Dorsal raphe nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2561 name: Sole of foot epidermis def: "Epidermis of sole of foot." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Sole of foot epidermal cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0379 ! Foot sole [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2562 name: Pons and medulla oblongata def: "Pons and medulla oblongata together with midbrain and thalamus are part of the brainstem, which is located in the posterior part of the brain. It is a region of transition between central and peripheral nervous system, containing cell nuclei of majority of cranial nerves from which they are emerging to the spinal cord. The pons and medulla developmentally originate from the third vesicle of neural tube (rhombencephalon)." [HPA] synonym: "Pons and medulla" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0093 ! Brain stem [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2563 name: Choroid plexus ependymal cell def: "Ependymal cells located at the chroid plexus. Ependymal cells are neuroglia cells in the central nervous systems involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Choroid plexus ependymal cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000706 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0145 ! Choroid plexus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2564 name: Cerebellar neuronal projections def: "Refers to any projection or appendage of the neuronal cell body including the axon and/or dendrite projections and bundles of axons and/or dendrites from the neuron cell body found in the cerebellum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cerebellum neuronal projection" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum neuronal projections" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2565 name: Cerebellar synapses def: "Synapses at the cerebellum. Synapses or synaptic junctions are specialized junctions between neurons that facilitate transmission of impulses from one neuron to another neuron, or between axons and effector cells." [PDR:nextprot] synonym: "Cerebellum synapses" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2566 name: Cerebellar glial cell def: "Glial cell of the cerebellum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cerebellum glial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum glial cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2567 name: Dentate nucleus def: "The largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellum nuclei; it receives axons of Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere (neocerebellum) and receives its afferents from the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex through the pontocerebellar system, and its efferents project through the superior cerebellar peduncle and is a major source of its fibers." [UBERON:dentate_nucleus] synonym: "Dentate cerebellar nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Lateral nucleus of cerebellum" RELATED [] synonym: "Lateral cerebellar nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum dentate nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum cells in dentate nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003836 xref: FMA:72260 xref: UBERON:0002132 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2568 name: Mediastinal lymph node def: "A lymph node located in the mediastinum. Mediastinal lymph nodes are arranged in three groups, one on the lateral, another on the medial, and a third on the anterior aspect of the vessels; the third group is, however, sometimes absent." [C0588055:Mediastinal_Lymph_Node] xref: FMA:12774 xref: UBERON:0002524 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0579 ! Lymph node [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2569 name: Periaortic lymph node def: "The periaortic lymph nodes (also known as lumbar) are a group of lymph nodes that lie in front of the lumbar vertebrae near the aorta. These lymph nodes receive drainage from the gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal organs. The periaortic group is subdivided into: preaortic, paraaortic, and retroaortic groups." [Wikipedia:Periaortic_lymph_nodes] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0579 ! Lymph node [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2570 name: Perihilar lymph node def: "A lymph node localized in the hilar area of the lung." [PMID:26807271] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0579 ! Lymph node [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2571 name: Pancreatic duct def: "A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine." [UBERON:0007329] synonym: "Duct of pancreas" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreas duct" RELATED [] synonym: "Ductal cells" RELATED [] xref: FMA:10419 xref: UBERON:0007329 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1241 ! Exocrine pancreas [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2572 name: Pancreatic duct epithelium def: "An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epithelium of pancreatic duct" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0009970 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2571 ! Pancreatic duct [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2573 name: Ovarian surface epithelium def: "Layer of simple cuboidal cells covering surface of ovary." [UBERON:0001304] synonym: "Surface epithelium of ovary" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovary surface epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Ovary germinal epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Surface epithelium of ovary" RELATED [] synonym: "Germinal epithelium of ovary" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004483 xref: FMA:18629 xref: UBERON:0001304 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0730 ! Ovary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2574 name: Epithelial cell of pancreas def: "An epithelial cell of the pancreas." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Pancreas epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreatic epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000083 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0736 ! Pancreas [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2575 name: Type B pancreatic cell def: "A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans." [CL:type_B_pancreatic_cell] synonym: "Insulin-secreting cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreatic B-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Type B enteroendocrine cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreatic islet core" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreatic B cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreatic beta cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Beta cell of pancreatic islet" RELATED [] synonym: "B-cell of pancreatic islet" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000169 xref: BTO:0000783 xref: FMA:70586 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2740 ! Pancreatic endocrine cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-3009 ! Enteroendocrine cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2576 name: Bone marrow cell def: "A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells." [CL] xref: BTO:0004850 xref: FMA:83621 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0087 ! Bone marrow [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2577 name: Stromal cell def: "Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere." [MeSH:stromal_cell] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2578 name: Stromal cell of endometrium def: "Stromal cell of endometrium" [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cells in endometrial stroma" RELATED [] synonym: "Endometrial stromal cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Endometrial stromal cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Endometrium stromal cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002255 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2577 ! Stromal cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1266 ! Endometrium stroma [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2579 name: Buccal mucosa cell def: "Cell of the buccal mucosa" [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:0002336 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2349 ! Buccal mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2580 name: Zone of skin def: "Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis." [UBERON:zone_of_skin] xref: FMA:86166 xref: MESH:D012867 xref: UBERON:0000014 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2581 name: Metanephros def: "In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine." [UBERON:metanephros] xref: UBERON:0000081 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0342 ! Fetal kidney [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2582 name: Oral cavity def: "Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present)." [UBERON:oral_cavity] synonym: "Buccal cavity" RELATED [] synonym: "Cavity of mouth" RELATED [] xref: FMA:20292 xref: UBERON:0000167 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1315 ! Mouth [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2583 name: Uterine endocervix def: "The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity." [UBERON:endocervix] synonym: "Endocervix" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003002 xref: FMA:86485 xref: UBERON:0000458 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0134 ! Uterine cervix [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2584 name: Right lobe of liver def: "The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes." [UBERON:right_lobe_of_liver] synonym: "Right hepatic lobe" RELATED [] xref: FMA:13362 xref: UBERON:0001114 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0564 ! Liver [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2585 name: Right lobe of thyroid gland def: "A lobe of thyroid gland that is in the right side of a thyroid gland." [UBERON:rigth_lobe_of_thyroid_gland] synonym: "Thyroid gland right lobe" RELATED [] synonym: "Right thyroid lobe" RELATED [] xref: FMA:13368 xref: UBERON:0001119 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1047 ! Thyroid [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2586 name: Left lobe of thyroid gland def: "A lobe of thyroid gland that is in the left side of a thyroid gland." [UBERON:rigth_lobe_of_thyroid_gland] synonym: "Thyroid gland left lobe" RELATED [] synonym: "Left thyroid lobe" RELATED [] xref: FMA:13369 xref: UBERON:0001120 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1047 ! Thyroid [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2587 name: Body of pancreas def: "The body of the pancreas is a subsection of the pancreas organ in the human body. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and inferior. It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane." [UBERON:body_of_pancreas] xref: FMA:14518 xref: UBERON:0001150 synonym: "Pancreatic body" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreas body" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0736 ! Pancreas [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2588 name: Body of stomach def: "The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined." [UBERON:body_of_stomach] synonym: "Stomach body" RELATED [] synonym: "Corpus gastricum (ventriculare)" RELATED [] synonym: "Gastric body" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000505 xref: FMA:14560 xref: UBERON:0001161 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0980 ! Stomach [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2589 name: Right adrenal gland def: "An adrenal gland that is in the right side of the abdomen." [UBERON:right_adrenal_gland] synonym: "Right suprarenal gland" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15629 xref: UBERON:0001233 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0016 ! Adrenal gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2590 name: Left adrenal gland def: "An adrenal gland that is in the left side of the abdomen." [UBERON:left_adrenal_gland] synonym: "Left suprarenal gland" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15630 xref: UBERON:0001234 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0016 ! Adrenal gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2591 name: Urinary bladder mucosa def: "The mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder." [UBERON:Urinary_bladder_mucosa] xref: FMA:15928 xref: UBERON:0001259 synonym: "Mucosa of urinary bladder" RELATED [] synonym: "Tunica mucosa vesicae urinariae" RELATED [] synonym: "Bladder mucous membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "Urinary bladder mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Urinary bladder mucous membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucosa of bladder" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucous membrane of bladder" RELATED [] synonym: "Tunica mucosa vesicae" RELATED [] synonym: "Bladder organ mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "Mucous membrane of urinary bladder" RELATED [] synonym: "Bladder mucosa" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1090 ! Urinary bladder [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2592 name: Right uterine tube def: "A fallopian tube that is part of a right side of organism." [UBERON:right_uterine_tube] synonym: "Right oviduct" RELATED [] synonym: "Right fallopian tube" RELATED [] xref: FMA:18483 xref: UBERON:0001302 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0732 ! Oviduct [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2593 name: Left uterine tube def: "A fallopian tube that is part of a left side of organism." [UBERON:left_uterine_tube] synonym: "Left oviduct" RELATED [] synonym: "Left fallopian tube" RELATED [] xref: FMA:18484 xref: UBERON:0001303 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0732 ! Oviduct [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2594 name: Muscle organ def: "Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work." [UBERON:muscle_organ] synonym: "Muscle" RELATED [] xref: FMA:5022 xref: UBERON:0001630 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2724 ! Muscular system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2595 name: Muscle of leg def: "A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle." [UBERON:muscle_of_leg] xref: BTO:0000722 xref: UBERON:0001383 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2206 ! Leg [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2596 name: Quadriceps femoris muscle def: "The quadriceps femoris is a group of muscles located in the front of the thigh. The Latin translation of 'quadriceps' is 'four headed,' as the group contains four separate muscles: the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and the rectus femoris." [https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/quadriceps#1] synonym: "Quadriceps" RELATED [] synonym: "Quadriceps femoris muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001149 xref: FMA:22428 xref: UBERON:0001377 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2595 ! Muscle of leg relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2039 ! Thigh [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2597 name: Vastus lateralis def: "The vastus lateralis (vastus externus) is the largest part of the quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the gluteus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the vastus lateralis and short head of the biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint." [UBERON:vastus_lateralis] synonym: "Vastus lateralis muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001563 xref: FMA:22431 xref: UBERON:0001379 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2596 ! Quadriceps femoris muscle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2598 name: Gastrocnemius muscle def: "The most superficial muscle of the triceps surae group, in the posterior portion of the lower hindleg." [UBERON:gastrocnemius] synonym: "Gastrocnemius" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000506 xref: FMA:22541 xref: UBERON:0001388 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2595 ! Muscle of leg relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2461 ! Lower leg [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2599 name: Skin of abdomen def: "A zone of skin that is part of an abdomen." [UBERON:skin_of_abdomen] xref: FMA:22988 xref: FMA:23000 xref: UBERON:0001416 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2580 ! Zone of Skin relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0001 ! Abdomen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2600 name: Skin of leg def: "A zone of skin that is part of a leg." [UBERON:skin_of_leg] xref: FMA:37828 xref: UBERON:0001511 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2580 ! Zone of Skin relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2206 ! Leg [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2601 name: Skin of hip def: "A zone of skin that is part of a hip region." [UBERON:skin_of_hip] xref: FMA:45282 xref: UBERON:0001554 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2580 ! Zone of Skin relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2226 ! Hip [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2602 name: Upper leg skin def: "A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb stylopod." [UBERON:upper_leg_skin] xref: FMA:37790 xref: UBERON:0004262 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2580 ! Zone of Skin relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2039 ! Thigh [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2603 name: Upper arm skin def: "A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb stylopod." [UBERON:upper_arm_skin] xref: FMA:37721 xref: UBERON:0004263 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2580 ! Zone of Skin relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2039 ! Thigh [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2604 name: Ascending aorta def: "The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length." [UBERON:ascending_aorta] xref: FMA:3736 xref: UBERON:0001496 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2606 ! Thoracic aorta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2605 name: Descending thoracic aorta def: "The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest." [UBERON:descending_thoracic_aorta] xref: FMA:87217 xref: UBERON:0002345 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2606 ! Thoracic aorta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2606 name: Thoracic aorta def: "The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest." [UBERON:thoracic_aorta] xref: BTO:0000157 xref: FMA:3786 xref: MESH:D001013 xref: UBERON:0001515 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0046 ! Aorta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2607 name: Popliteal artery def: "The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries." [MESH:Popliteal_artery] xref: FMA:77155 xref: MESH:D011150 xref: UBERON:0002250 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0321 ! Femoral artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2608 name: Superficial temporal artery def: "A major artery of the head that arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus." [UBERON:Superficial_temporal_artery] xref: BTO:0003747 xref: FMA:49650 xref: UBERON:0001614 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0116 ! Carotid artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2609 name: Right coronary artery def: "Coronary artery which runs along the right side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the right side of the heart." [UBERON:Right_coronary_artery] synonym: "Arteria coronaria dextra" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0001625 xref: FMA:50039 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0176 ! Coronary artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2610 name: Left coronary artery def: "Coronary artery which runs along the left side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the left side of the heart." [UBERON] synonym: "Arteria coronaria sinistra" RELATED [] xref: FMA:50040 xref: UBERON:0001626 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0176 ! Coronary artery. [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2611 name: Tibial artery def: "The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and pes. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot." [MESH:A07.231.114.895] xref: MESH:D016909 xref: UBERON:0007610 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2607 ! Popliteal artery [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2612 name: Biceps muscle def: "A muscle in the forelimb stylopod which in humans has several functions, the most important being to rotate the forearm and to flex the elbow." [UBERON] synonym: "Biceps brachii" RELATED [] synonym: "Biceps brachii muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Brachii muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003419 xref: UBERON:0001507 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2462 ! Upper arm [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2613 name: Triceps muscle def: "The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for 'three-headed' muscle of the arm, it is called a three headed muscle because there are three bundles of muscle, each of different origin, joining together at the elbow) is the large muscle on the back of the human upper limb. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (i.e. straightening of the arm). Though a similarly-named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called simply the 'triceps." [UBERON] synonym: "Triceps brachii muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Triceps" RELATED [] synonym: "Triceps brachii" RELATED [] xref: FMA:37688 xref: UBERON:0001509 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2462 ! Upper arm [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2614 name: Gluteal muscle def: "The muscles that make up the buttocks." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Gluteus" RELATED [] synonym: "Gluteus muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000531 xref: FMA:64922 xref: UBERON:0002000 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2615 ! Skeletal muscle organ relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2224 ! Buttocks [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2615 name: Skeletal muscle organ def: "A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles)." [UBERON] synonym: "Skeletal muscle" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001103 xref: FMA:14069 xref: MESH:D018482 xref: UBERON:0014892 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2594 ! Muscle organ [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2616 name: Myocardium def: "The middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers." [UBERON] synonym: "Myocard" RELATED [] synonym: "Heart myocardium" RELATED [] xref: FMA:9462 xref: MESH:D009206 xref: UBERON:0002349 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2724 ! Muscular system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0445 ! Heart [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2617 name: Cardiac muscle of right atrium def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium." [UBERON] xref: FMA:7282 xref: UBERON:0003379 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0440 ! Heart muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2618 ! Right atrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2618 name: Right atrium def: "A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve." [UBERON] synonym: "cardiac right atrium" RELATED [] synonym: "Right atrium" RELATED [] synonym: "Heart right atrium" RELATED [] synonym: "Right atrium of heart" RELATED [] xref:FMA:7096 xref: UBERON:0002078 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0437 ! Heart atrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2619 name: Hindlimb stylopod muscle def: "Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)." [UBERON] synonym: "Thigh muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Upper leg muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "Muscle of thigh" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001367 xref: FMA:22470 xref: UBERON:0004252 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2595 ! Muscle of leg relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2215 ! Lower limb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2620 name: Left ventricle myocardium def: "A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:9558 xref: UBERON:0006566 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2616 ! Myocardium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0439 ! Heart left ventricle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2621 name: Muscle layer of sigmoid colon def: "A muscle layer that is part of the sigmoid colon." [UBERON] xref: UBERON:0035805 xref: FMA:15028 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0165 ! Colon smooth muscle relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2044 ! Sigmoid colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2622 name: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii." [UBERON] synonym: "Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii" RELATED [] xref: FMA:261974 xref: UBERON:0004502 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0933 ! Skeletal muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2612 ! Biceps muscle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2623 name: Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis." [UBERON] xref: FMA:261924 xref: UBERON:0004511 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0933 ! Skeletal muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0001 ! Abdomen [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2624 name: Esophageal squamous epithelium def: "The esophageal squamous epithelium lines the upper and middle third of the esophageal lumen." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Oesophageal squamous epithelium" RELATED [] synonym: "Squamous epithelium of esophagous" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003635 xref: UBERON:0006920 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0698 ! Esophageal epithelium is_a: CALOHA:TS-2627 ! Squamous epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2625 name: Gingival epithelium def: "A stratified squamous epithelium consisting of a basal layer; it is keratinized or parakeratinized." [BTO:0004998] synonym: "Epithelial tissue of gingiva" RELATED [] synonym: "Epithelium of gingiva" RELATED [] synonym: "Gingiva epithelial tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "Gingiva epithelium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004998 xref: FMA:62423 xref: UBERON:0001949 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0715 ! Oral epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2074 ! Gingiva [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2626 name: Esophagus mucosa def: "A mucosa that is part of a esophagus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "esophageal mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "esophageal mucous membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "esophagus mucous membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "mucosa of esophagus" RELATED [] synonym: "mucosa of oesophagus" RELATED [] synonym: "mucous membrane of esophagus" RELATED [] synonym: "mucous membrane of oesophagus" RELATED [] synonym: "oesophageal mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "oesophagus mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "oesophagus mucous membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "tunica mucosa esophagi" RELATED [] synonym: "tunica mucosa oesophagi" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62996 xref: UBERON:0002469 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0700 ! Esophagus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2627 name: Squamous epithelium def: "An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells." [UBERON] xref: BTO:0002072 xref: UBERON:0006914 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2628 name: Lower esophagus mucosa def: "Mucosa part of the lower esophagus." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: UBERON:0035834 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2626 ! Esophagous mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2629 ! Lower esophagus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2629 name: Lower esophagus def: "The lower one third of the esophagus in which the muscle layer is composed of muscle cells predominantly of the smooth type." [UBERON:lower_esophagus] synonym: "Distal part of esophagus" RELATED [] synonym: "Lower third of esophagus" RELATED [] synonym: "Lower esophagous" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0013473 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0700 ! Esophagus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2630 name: Choroid plexus epithelium def: "The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue." [UBERON] synonym: "choroid plexus epithelial tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere" RELATED [] synonym: "epithelial tissue of choroid plexus" RELATED [] synonym: "epithelium of choroid plexus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:242811 xref: UBERON:0003911 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0145 ! Choroid plexus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2631 name: Endometrium epithelium def: "An epithelium that is part of an endometrium." [UBERON] synonym: "endometrium epithelial tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "epithelial tissue of endometrium" RELATED [] synonym: "epithelium of endometrium" RELATED [] synonym: "epithelium of tunica mucosa of endometrium" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0004811 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0288 ! Epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0276 ! Endometrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2632 name: Mucosa of transverse colon def: "A mucosa that is part of a transverse colon [Automatically generated definition]." [UBERON] synonym: "mucosa of organ of transverse colon" RELATED [] synonym: "mucous membrane of transverse colon" RELATED [] synonym: "organ mucosa of transverse colon" RELATED [] synonym: "transverse colon mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "transverse colon mucosa of organ" RELATED [] synonym: "transverse colon mucous membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "transverse colon organ mucosa" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15012 xref: UBERON:0004991 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0164 ! Colon mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2052 ! Transverse colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2633 name: Mucosa of sigmoid colon def: "A mucosa that is part of a sigmoid colon." [UBERON] synonym: "mucosa of organ of sigmoid colon" RELATED [] synonym: "mucous membrane of sigmoid colon" RELATED [] synonym: "organ mucosa of sigmoid colon" RELATED [] synonym: "sigmoid colon mucosa" RELATED [] synonym: "sigmoid colon mucosa of organ" RELATED [] synonym: "sigmoid colon mucous membrane" RELATED [] synonym: "sigmoid colon organ mucosa" RELATED [] xref: FMA:15026 xref: UBERON:0004993 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0164 ! Colon mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2044 ! Sigmoid colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2634 name: Mucosa of paranasal sinus def: "A mucosa that adjacent to a paranasal sinus." [UBERON] synonym: "paranasal sinus mucosa" RELATED [] xref: FMA:59772 xref: UBERON:0005030 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2031 ! Mucosa relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2082 ! Paranasal sinus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2635 name: Tongue squamous epithelium def: "A squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue." [UBERON] synonym: "squamous epithelium of tongue" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0006919 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2627 ! Squamous epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1050 ! Tongue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2636 name: Cervix squamous epithelium def: "The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane." [UBERON] synonym: "cervical squamous epithelium" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0006922 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2627 ! Squamous epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0134 ! Uterine cervix [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2637 name: Cerebellar hemisphere def: "A paired regions of the cerebellum that lie outside and lateral to the central vermis. The cerebellum consists of three parts, a median and two lateral, which are continuous with each other, and are substantially the same in structure. The median portion is constricted, and is called the vermis, from its annulated appearance which it owes to the transverse ridges and furrows upon it; the lateral expanded portions are named the hemispheres. The lateral hemisphere is considered the portion of the cerebellum to develop most recently." [UBERON] synonym: "cerebellum hemisphere" RELATED [] synonym: "hemisphere of cerebellum" RELATED [] xref: FMA:76925 xref: UBERON:0002245 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2638 name: Primary visual cortex def: "A subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex in the human. Defined by the band of Gennari, which gives it the name striate (furrowed) area, it occupies the banks of the calcarine sulcus which are located in the cuneus and the lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded by the area 18 of Brodmann (human) which surrounds it ( Brodmann-1909 )."[UBERON] synonym: "BA17" RELATED [] synonym: "area 17 of Brodmann" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 17" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 17, striate" RELATED [] synonym: "striate cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "area striata" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004703 xref: FMA:236871 xref: FMA:68614 xref: UBERON:0002436 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1117 ! visual cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2639 name: Neocortex def: "An area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture that have six layers. Starting from the cortical surface the layers are: molecular layer (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. It is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex (Carpenter-83)(NN)" [UBERON] synonym: "cerebral neocortex" RELATED [] synonym: "homotypical cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "iso-cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "isocortex" RELATED [] synonym: "neopallial cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "neopallium" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000920 xref: FMA:62429 xref: MESH:D019579 xref: UBERON:0001950 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2640 name: Postcentral gyrus def: "The postcentral gyrus is a prominent gyrus in the lateral parietal lobe of the human brain. It is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex, the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch. Like other sensory areas, there is a map of sensory space in this location, called the sensory homunculus." [Wikipedia:Postcentral_gyrus] synonym: "gyrus postcentralis" RELATED [] synonym: "post central gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "postcentral convolution" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior central gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "postrolandic gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61896 xref: UBERON:0002581 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2690 ! Parietal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2641 name: Superior frontal gyrus def: "The superior frontal gyrus also marginal gyrus, makes up about one third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. It is bounded laterally by the superior frontal sulcus." [Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_gyrus] synonym: "marginal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "superior frontal convolution" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61857 xref: UBERON:0002661 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2761 ! Frontal gyrus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2753 ! Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2642 name: Middle frontal gyrus def: "The middle frontal gyrus makes up about one-third of the frontal lobe of the human brain. The borders of the middle frontal gyrus are the inferior frontal sulcus below; the superior frontal sulcus above; and the precentral sulcus behind." [Wikipedia:Middle_frontal_gyrus] synonym: "intermediate frontal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "medial frontal gyrus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004834 xref: FMA:61859 xref: UBERON:0002702 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2761 ! Frontal gyrus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2755 ! Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2643 name: Entorhinal cortex def: "The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an area of the brain located in the medial temporal lobe and functions as a hub in a widespread network for memory, navigation and the perception of time." [Wikipedia:Entorhinal_cortex] synonym: "entorhinal area" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004345 xref: FMA:72356 xref: MESH:D018728 xref: UBERON:0002728 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2038 ! Parahippocampal gyrus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2880 ! Piriform cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2644 name: Middle temporal gyrus def: "Middle temporal gyrus is a gyrus in the brain on the temporal lobe. It is located between the superior temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus." [Wkipedia:Middle_temporal_gyrus] synonym: "intermediate temporal gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61906 xref: UBERON:0002771 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2689 ! Temporal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2645 name: Frontal pole def: "Component of the frontal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the frontal pole are the superior frontal gyrus and the rostral division of the middle frontal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennama-Notestine)." [UBERON] xref: FMA:74885 xref: UBERON:0002795 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0389 ! Frontal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2646 name: Right frontal lobe def: "A frontal lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:72969 xref: UBERON:0002810 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0389 ! Frontal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2647 name: Cingulate cortex def: "The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex. The cingulate cortex includes the entire cingulate gyrus, which lies immediately above the corpus callosum, and the continuation of this in the cingulate sulcus." [Wikipedia:Cingulate_cortex] xref: BTO:0003975 xref: UBERON:0003027 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2756 ! Limbic cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2648 name: Embryonic ventricular zone def: "Transient embryonic layer of tissue containing neural stem cells, principally radial glial cells, of the central nervous system." [Wikipedia:Ventricular_zone] xref: UBERON:0003053 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0231 ! Embryonic brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2649 name: Hippocampus, CA1 def: "Part of hippocampus proper bounded by CA2 and the subiculum, characterized by pyramidal neurons that receive projections from pyramidal neurons of CA3 via the Schaffer collaterals." [UBERON] synonym: "CA1 field of Ammon's horn" RELATED [] synonym: "CA1 field of hippocampus" RELATED [] synonym: "CA1 field of cornu ammonis" RELATED [] synonym: "CA1 field of the Ammon horn" RELATED [] synonym: "CA1 field of the hippocampus" RELATED [] synonym: "cornu ammonis 1" RELATED [] synonym: "hippocampus CA1" RELATED [] synonym: "region 1 of Ammon's horn" RELATED [] xref: FMA:74042 xref: UBERON:0003881 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0460 ! Hippocampus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2650 name: Orbitofrontal cortex def: "The region of the cerebral cortex covering the basal surface of the frontal lobes; this region normally controls emotion and decision making." [UBERON] synonym: "fronto-orbital cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "orbital frontal cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "orbito-frontal cortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:242003 xref: UBERON:0004167 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1307 ! Limbic system relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2424 ! Prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2651 name: Cortical plate def: "The outer neural tube region in which post-mitotic neuroblasts migrate along radial glia to form the adult cortical layers." [UBERON] synonym: "cerebral cortex cortical plate" RELATED [] synonym: "future cortical layers II-VI" RELATED [] synonym: "future neocortex" RELATED [] synonym: "neocortex cortical plate" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0005343 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2371 ! Neural tube [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2652 name: Paraflocculus def: "The flocculus and paraflocculus (or tonsil) together with the caudal portions of the cerebellar vermis are part of the vestibulocerebellum. It contributes to the ocular motor control." [PMID: 21909334] synonym: "cerebellar tonsil" RELATED [] synonym: "neuraxis paraflocculus" RELATED [] synonym: "parafloccular lobule of cerebellum" RELATED [] synonym: "paraflocculus of cerebellum" RELATED [] xref: FMA:278790 xref: FMA:83885 xref: UBERON:0005351 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2653 name: Inferior vagus X ganglion def: "The large group of sensory neuron cell bodies, anterior to the jugular vein, associated with the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve)" [UBERON] synonym: "ganglion inferius (nervus vagus)" RELATED [] synonym: "inferior ganglion of vagus" RELATED [] synonym: "inferior ganglion of vagus nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "inferior vagus ganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "inferior vagus X" RELATED [] synonym: "nodose ganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "tenth cranial nerve nodose ganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "vagus nerve inferior ganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "vagus nerve nodose ganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "vagus X inferior ganglion" RELATED [] xref: FMA:6230 xref: MESH:D009620 xref: UBERON:0005363 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0397 ! Ganglion. [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2654 name: C1 segment of cervical spinal cord def: "The segment of the spinal cord that corresponds to the first cervical vertebra in most mammals." [UBERON] synonym: "C1 cervical spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "C1 segment" RELATED [] synonym: "C1 spinal cord segment" RELATED [] synonym: "first cervical spinal cord segment" RELATED [] xref: FMA:71179 xref: UBERON:0006469 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2982 ! Cervical spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2655 name: Brodmann (1909) area 46 def: "Brodmann area 46, or BA46, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. It is between BA10 and BA45. BA46 is known as middle frontal area 46. In the human brain it occupies approximately the middle third of the middle frontal gyrus and the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. Brodmann area 46 roughly corresponds with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), although the borders of area 46 are based on cytoarchitecture rather than function. The DLPFC also encompasses part of granular frontal area 9, directly adjacent on the dorsal surface of the cortex. Cytoarchitecturally, BA46 is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, rostroventrally by the frontopolar area 10 and caudally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909). There is some discrepancy between the extent of BA8 (Brodmann-1905) and the same area as described by Walker (1940)." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_46] synonym: "area 46 of Brodmann" RELATED [] synonym: "area 46 of Brodmann-1909" RELATED [] synonym: "area frontalis media" RELATED [] synonym: "B09-46" RELATED [] synonym: "BA46" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 46" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 46, middle frontal" RELATED [] synonym: "middle frontal area 46" RELATED [] synonym: "middle frontal area 46" RELATED [] xref: FMA:68643 xref: UBERON:0006483 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2656 ! Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2656 name: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex def: "The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC or DLPFC), according to a more restricted definition, is roughly equivalent to Brodmann areas 9 and 46. According to a broader definition DL-PFC consists of the lateral portions of Brodmann areas 9 - 12, of areas 45, 46, and the superior part of area 47. These regions mainly receive their blood supply from the middle cerebral artery. With respect to neurotransmitter systems, there is evidence that dopamine plays a particularly important role in DL-PFC. DL-PFC is connected to the orbitofrontal cortex, and to a variety of brain areas, which include the thalamus, parts of the basal ganglia (the dorsal caudate nucleus), the hippocampus, and primary and secondary association areas of neocortex, including posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is important for the storage of working memory in the processing and preparation of all forthcoming actions and includes the superior frontal and the dorsal middle frontal gyrus." [UBERON;HPA] xref: FMA:276189 xref: UBERON:0009834 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2424 ! Prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2657 name: Anterior cingulate cortex def: "The front region of the cingulate cortex that is located in the medial frontal lobe, adjacent to the corpus callosum. The anterior cingulate functions in decision making and in the regulation of emotions and physiological processes like blood pressure and heart rate." [NCI_Thesaurus:Anterior Cingulate Cortex] xref: BTO:0004249 xref: FMA:271599 xref: UBERON:0009835 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2647 ! Cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2658 name: Brodmann (1909) area 9 def: "Brodmann area 9, or BA9, is part of the frontal cortex in the brain of humans and other primates. It contributes to the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_9] synonym: "area 9 of Brodmann" RELATED [] synonym: "area 9 of Brodmann-1909" RELATED [] synonym: "area frontalis granularis" RELATED [] synonym: "B09-9" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 9" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 9, granular frontal" RELATED [] synonym: "brodmann's area 9" RELATED [] synonym: "granular frontal area" RELATED [] xref: FMA:68606 xref: UBERON:001354 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2656 ! Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2659 name: Brodmann (1909) area 10 def: "Brodmann area 10 (BA10, frontopolar prefrontal cortex, rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, or anterior prefrontal cortex) is the anterior-most portion of the prefrontal cortex in the human brain. BA10 was originally defined broadly in terms of its cytoarchitectonic traits as they were observed in the brains of cadavers, but because modern functional imaging cannot precisely identify these boundaries, the terms anterior prefrontal cortex, rostral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar prefrontal cortex are used to refer to the area in the most anterior part of the frontal cortex that approximately covers BA10-simply to emphasize the fact that BA10 does not include all parts of the prefrontal cortex. BA10 is the largest cytoarchitectonic area in the human brain. It has been described as "one of the least well understood regions of the human brain". Present research suggests that it is involved in strategic processes in memory recall and various executive functions. During human evolution, the functions in this area resulted in its expansion relative to the rest of the brain." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_10] synonym: "Frontopolar cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "area 10 of Brodmann" RELATED [] synonym: "area 10 of Brodmann-1909" RELATED [] synonym: "area frontopolaris" RELATED [] synonym: "B09-10" RELATED [] synonym: "BA10" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 10" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 10, frontoplar" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral orbital area" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0013541 xref: FMA:68607 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2754 ! Ventromedial prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2660 name: Brodmann (1909) area 23 def: "Brodmann area 23 (BA23) is a region in the brain that lies inside the posterior cingulate cortex. It lies between Brodmann area 30 and Brodmann area 31 and is located on the medial wall of the cingulate gyrus between the callosal sulcus and the cingulate sulcus." [Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_23] synonym: "area 23 of Brodmann" RELATED [] synonym: "area 23 of Brodmann (guenon)" RELATED [] synonym: "area 23 of Brodmann-1909" RELATED [] synonym: "area cingularis posterior ventralis" RELATED [] synonym: "B09-23" RELATED [] synonym: "BA23" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 23" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 23, ventral posterior cingulate" RELATED [] synonym: "brodmann's area 23" RELATED [] synonym: "granular cingulate area" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior cingulate area" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral posterior cingulate area" RELATED [] xref: FMA:68620 xref: UBERON:0013554 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2647 ! Cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2661 name: Right hemisphere of cerebellum def: "A cerebellar hemisphere that is in the right side of a cerebellum." [UBERON] xref: FMA:83876 xref: UBERON:0014890 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2637 ! Cerebellar hemisphere [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2662 name: Sural nerve def: "The sural nerve (short saphenous nerve), formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus. It runs forward below the lateral malleolus, and is continued as the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve along the lateral side of the foot and little toe (via a dorsal digital nerve), communicating on the dorsum of the foot with the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, a branch of the superficial peroneal. In the leg, its branches communicate with those of the posterior femoral cutaneous." [Wikipedia:Sural_nerve ] synonym: "short saphenal nerve" RELATED [] xref: FMA:44688 xref: UBERON:0015488 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2493 ! Tibial nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2663 name: Palpebral conjunctiva def: "A thin transparent mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva at the conjunctival fornicies." [UBERON:Palpebral_conjunctiva] synonym: "eyelid conjunctiva" RELATED [] xref: FMA:59025 xref: UBERON:0001812 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2232 ! Conjunctiva [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2664 name: Minor salivary gland def: "One of the smaller, largely mucus-secreting, exocrine glands of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine glands." [UBERON:minor_salivary_gland] xref: FMA:59789 xref: MESH:D012470 xref: UBERON:0001830 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0892 ! Salivary gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2665 name: Synovial membrane of synovial joint def: "Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints)." [Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane ] xref: BTO:0001823 xref: FMA:9865 xref: MESH:D013583 xref: UBERON:0002018 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2138 ! Synovial joint [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2666 name: Apex of heart def: "The apex of the heart is the lowest superficial part of the heart. It is directed downward, forward, and to the left, and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura." [Wikipedia:Apex_of_the_heart] xref: FMA:7164 xref: UBERON:0002098 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0445 ! Heart [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2667 name: Inferior olivary complex def: "The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata." [IBERON:Inferior_olivary_nucleus ] synonym: "inferior olivary complex" RELATED [] synonym: "inferior olivary nuclear complex" RELATED [] synonym: "inferior olive" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002298 xref: FMA:72243 xref: UBERON:0002127 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2668 ! Olivary body. [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2668 name: Olivary body def: "Prominent oval structure in the medulla oblongata, present in pairs, the lower portion of the brainstem. They contain the olivary nuclei." [UBERON:Olivary_body] synonym: "Olivary nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002299 xref: UBERON:0000128 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2669 name: Parietal pleura def: "The parietal pleura is the outer membrane which is attached to the inner surface of the thoracic cavity. It also separates the pleural cavity from the mediastinum. The parietal pleura is innervated by the intercostal nerves and the phrenic nerve." [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae] xref: FMA:9733 xref: UBERON:0002400 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2081 ! Pleura [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2670 name: Visceral pleura def: "The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleura. The visceral pleura is the delicate membrane that covers the surface of each lung, and dips into the fissures between the lobes of the lung." [Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae] xref: FMA:9734 xref: UBERON:0002401 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2081 ! Pleura [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2671 name: Calcaneal tendon def: "The Achilles tendon is a tendon of the posterior leg. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone." [Wikipedia:Achilles_tendon] synonym: "Achilles tendon" RELATED [] synonym: "Achille's tendon" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1021 ! Tendon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2672 name: Caput epididymis def: "The head of the epididymis." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Head of epidymis" RELATED [] synonym: "Epididymal head" RELATED [] synonym: "Epididymis head" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000336 xref: FMA:18259 xref: UBERON:0004358 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0285 ! Epididymis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2673 name: Corpus epididymis def: "The body of the epididymis." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epididymis body" RELATED [] synonym: "Body of epididymis" RELATED [] synonym: "Epididymal body" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000209 xref: FMA:18260 xref: UBERON:0004359 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0285 ! Epididymis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2674 name: Cauda epididymis def: "The tail of the epididymis." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Epididymal cauda" RELATED [] synonym: "Tail of epididymis" RELATED [] synonym: "Epididymis tail" RELATED [] synonym: "Epididymal tail" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000210 xref: FMA:18261 xref: UBERON:0004360 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0285 ! Epididymis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2675 name: Blood vessel layer def: "Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia." [UBERON:blood_vessel_layer] xref: UBERON:0004797 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0080 ! Blood vessel [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2676 name: Chorionic villus def: "Tiny vascular tissue projections from the chorionic membrane." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "chorionic villi" RELATED [] synonym: "placental villi" RELATED [] synonym: "placental villus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001161 xref: D002824 xref: FMA:322203 xref: UBERON:0007106 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0144 ! Chorionic membrane [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2677 name: Tendon of biceps muscle def: "A tendon that attaches to a biceps brachii." [UBERON:tendon_of_biceps_brachii] synonym: "biceps brachii tendon" RELATED [] synonym: "Tendon of biceps brachii" RELATED [] xref: FMA:38152 xref: UBERON:0008188 is_a TS-1021 ! Tendon relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2612 ! Biceps muscle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2678 name: Upper lobe of lung def: "The pleural sac divides each lung into sections called lobes. The upper lobe is the upper subdivision of either the right or left lung." [neXtProt] xref: FMA:7334 xref: UBERON:0008948 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2679 name: Lower lobe of lung def: "The pleural sac divides each lung into sections called lobes. The lower lobe is the lower subdivision of either the right or left lung." [neXtProt] xref: FMA:7335 xref: UBERON:0008949 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2680 name: Upper lobe of left lung def: "The upper lobe is the upper subdivision of the left lung." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:7370 xref: UBERON:0008952 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2681 name: Omental fat pad def: "Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the fold of peritoneal tissue that extends from the stomach to the posterior abdominal wall after associating with the transverse colon." [UBERON:omental_fat_pad] xref: UBERON:0010414 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2004 ! Omentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2682 name: Body of tongue def: "The oral part of the tongue anterior to the terminal sulcus." [UBERON:body_of_tongue] xref: FMA:54641 xref: UBERON:0011876 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1050 ! Tongue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2683 name: Adrenal tissue def: "Tissue that is part of some adrenal gland." [UBERON:adrenal_tissue] xref: UBERON:0018303 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2090 ! Tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0016 ! Adrenal gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2684 name: Left adrenal gland cortex def: "The thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that is in the left side of the abdomen." [UBERON:left_adrenal_gland_cortex] synonym: "cortex of left adrenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "cortex of left suprarenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "left adrenal cortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:69089 xref: UBERON:0035825 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2590 ! Left adrenal gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0015 ! Adrenal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2685 name: Right adrenal gland cortex def: "The thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that is in the right side of the abdomen." [UBERON:right_adrenal_gland_cortex] synonym: "cortex of right adrenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "cortex of right suprarenal gland" RELATED [] synonym: "right adrenal cortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:69088 xref: UBERON:0035827 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2589 ! Right adrenal gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0015 ! Adrenal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2686 name: Lower esophagus muscularis layer def: "A thin layer of smooth muscle fibers part of the tunica mucosa in the lower esophagus." [neXtProt:PDR]synonym: "Muscle coat of lower esophagus" RELATED [] synonym: "Lower esophagus muscularis propria" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0035833 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2629 ! Lower esophagus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2687 name: Esophagogastric junction muscularis propria def: "Muscularis propria from the lowest portion of the esophagus, just proximal to the stomach." [UBERON:esophagogastric_junction_muscularis_propria] xref: UBERON:0035841 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2499 ! Esophagogastric junction [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2688 name: Frontal cortex def: "Anterior portion of the neocortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus in humans. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally." [UBERON] synonym: "Brain frontal cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "cortex of frontal lobe" RELATED [] synonym: "gray matter of frontal lobe" RELATED [] synonym: "grey matter of frontal lobe; frontal lobe cortex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000484 xref: FMA:242199 xref: UBERON:0001870 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0389 ! Frontal lobe relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2639 ! Neocortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2689 name: Temporal cortex def: "Gray matter of the temporal region of the neocortex, located in the temporal lobe in gyrencephalic animals." [UBERON] synonym: "Brain temporal cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "temporal lobe cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "temporal neocortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:242201 xref: UBERON:0016538 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1020 ! Temporal lobe relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2639 ! Neocortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2690 name: Parietal cortex def: "Gray matter of the parietal region of the neocortex, located in the parietal lobe of gyrencephalic animals. It is continuous anteriorly with the frontal cortex, posteriorly with the occipital cortex and medially with the insular cortex and with the temporal cortex on the posterior/inferior border." [UBERON] synonym: "Brain parietal cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Parietal lobe cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Parietal neocortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:242203 xref: UBERON:0016530 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0747 ! Parietal lobe relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2639 ! Neocortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2691 name: Occipital cortex def: "Cortex of occipital lobe." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Brain occipital cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "Occipital cortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:242205 xref: UBERON:0016540 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0693 ! Occipital lobe relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2639 ! Neocortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2692 name: Embryonic pituitary gland def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult pituitary gland." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Pituitary primordium" RELATED [] synonym: "Future pituitary gland" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0034875 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2693 name: Embryonic skin def: "Embryonic tissue that gives rise to the fetal and adult skin." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Embryonic zone of skin" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2100 ! Embryonic tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2694 name: Embryonic stomach def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult stomach." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2695 name: Embryonic retina def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult retina." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2696 ! Embryonic eye [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2696 name: Embryonic eye def: "Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles." [UBERON] synonym: "Eye primordium" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0003071 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2697 name: Embryonic female gonad def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult ovary." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2698 name: Embryonic pancreas def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult pancreas." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Pancreas primordium" RELATED [] synonym: "Pancreatic primordium" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0003921 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2699 name: Embryonic bone def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult bone." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2700 name: Embryonic muscle def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult muscle." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2701 name: Embryonic ear def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult ear." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2702 name: Embryonic cochlea def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult cochlea." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2701 ! Embrynic ear [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2703 name: Embryonic hypothalamus def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult hypothalamus." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0231 ! Embrynic brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2704 name: Embryonic spleen def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult spleen." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2705 name: Embryonic adrenal gland def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult adrenal gland." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2706 name: Embryonic thymus def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult thymus." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2707 name: Embryonic cartilage def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult cartilage." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0229 ! Embryo [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2708 name: Embryonic frontal lobe def: "Embryonic structure that gives rise to the fetal and adult frontal lobe." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0231 ! Embryonic brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2709 name: Fetal stomach def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult stomach." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0360 ! Fetus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2710 name: Fetal pigmented layer of retina def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult pigmented layer of retina." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0349 ! Fetal retina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2711 name: Fetal frontal cortex def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult frontal cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2114 ! Fetal frontal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2712 name: Fetal forebrain def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult forebrain." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0328 ! Fetal forebrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2713 name: Fetal neocortex def: "Fetal structure that gives rise to adult neocortex." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1211 ! Fetal cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2714 name: Fetal ventricular zone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0328 ! Fetal brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2715 name: Fetal cortical plate relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1211 ! Fetal cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2716 name: Fetal adrenal tissue def: "Fetal tissue that is part of the fetal adrenal gland." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0323 ! Fetal adrenal gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2717 name: Right atrium auricular region def: "A small conical muscular pouch attached to the right atrium of the heart." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: FMA:7218 xref: UBERON:0006631 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2618 ! Right Atrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2718 name: Right lung def: "Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe." [UBERON] xref: FMA:7309 xref: UBERON:0002167 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2719 name: Right ovary def: "An ovary that is part of a right side of organism." [UBERON] xref: FMA:7213 xref: UBERON:0002118 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0730 ! Ovary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2720 name: Left ovary def: "An ovary that is part of a left side of organism." [UBERON] xref: FMA:7214 xref: UBERON:0002119 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0730 ! Ovary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2721 name: Left testis def: "A testis that is part of a left side of the genitalia." [UBERON] xref: FMA:7212 xref: UBERON:0004533 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1030 ! Testis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2722 name: Right testis def: "A testis that is part of a right side of the genitalia." [UBERON] xref: FMA:7211 xref: UBERON:0004534 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1030 ! Testis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2723 name: Fetal subventricular zone def: "The transient proliferative population of neurons that expands exponentially during late prenatal development; it is a continuous germinal zone distinct from the ventricular zone that surrounds the brain ventricles." [UBERON:ganglionic_eminence] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0328 ! Fetal brain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2724 name: Muscular system def: "The part of the musculoskeletal system comprising all the muscles of the body". [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Musculature of the body" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0000383 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1311 ! Musculoskeletal system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2725 name: Enterocyte def: "An epithelial cell that has its apical plasma membrane folded into microvilli to provide ample surface for the absorption of nutrients from the intestinal lumen". [CL:0000584] synonym: "Enterocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000398 xref: CL:0000584 xref: FMA:62122 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2730 ! Ciliated epithelial cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-1286 ! Small intestine glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2726 ! Large intestine glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2726 name: Large intestine glandular cell def: "A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine." [neXtProt:PDR] xref: CL:0002658 xref: FMA:87194 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2105 ! Large intestine epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2727 name: Intestinal goblet cell def: "Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins known as mucins. Human intestinal goblet cells secrete the MUC2 mucin, as well as a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3. Intestinal goblet cells lay interspersed between the enterocytes in the small intestine and in larger quantities in the large intestine." [CL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24942678 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1996606;HPA] synonym: "intestinal goblet cells" RELATED [] synonym: "intestine goblet cell" RELATED [] synonym: "intestinal mucus secreting cell" RELATED [] synonym: "intestinal mucus secreting cells" RELATED [] synonym: "mucus secreting cells" RELATED [] synonym: "mucus-secreting cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0019031 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3017 ! Goblet cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2104 ! Small intestine epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2105 ! Large intestine epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2728 name: Paneth cell def: "An epithelial cell found in the basal part of the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn) including the appendix. Paneth cells synthesize and secrete lysozyme and cryptdins. Numerous in the deeper parts of the intestinal crypts, particularly in the duodenum, rich in zinc, contain large acidophilic granules, with irregular apical microvilli and prominent membrane-bound vacuoles containing matrix. Paneth cells are epithelial cells located in the intestinal crypts that secrete antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulating proteins to regulate the intestinal microbiome." [CL:0000510;HPA] synonym: "Paneth cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000993 xref: CL:0000510 xref: FMA:62897 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1286 ! Small intestine glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2726 ! Large intestine glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2729 name: Bronchus ciliated cell def: "A ciliated cell of the bronchus." [neXtProt:PDDR] synonym: "Ciliated cell of the bronchus" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002332 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3013 ! Respiratory ciliated cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2399 ! Bronchus epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2730 name: Ciliated epithelial cell def: "An epithelial cell that has a cilia." [CL:0000067] xref: CL:0000067 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2814 ! Ciliated cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2731 name: Club cell def: "Club cells are dome-shaped with short microvilli but no cilia. They function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium. Club cells also multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium. Club cells are found in the respiratory bronchiole epithelium in the lung. They are proposed to have several roles, including secretion of the extracellular substance lining the respiratory bronchioles." [CL:0000158;HPA] synonym: "Club cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Clara cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004811 xref: CL:0000158 xref: FMA:14119 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2399 ! Bronchus epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2732 name: Prostate basal cell def: "Basal cells are separating the glands from the outer tissue. These are important in maintaining glandular integrity by protecting the secretory cells and the luminal content." [HPA] synonym: "basal cell of prostate" RELATED [] synonym: "basal glandular cells" RELATED [] synonym: "basal prostatic cells" RELATED [] synonym: "basal prostatic cell" RELATED [] synonym: "basal cell of prostate epithelium" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002341 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2065 ! Prostate epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2733 name: Stratum basale def: "The stratum basale rests on the basement membrane, delimiting the epidermis from the dermis. It contains the proliferating basal cells or proliferating keratinocytes (hence the name stratum germinativum). Keratinocytes that leave this layer undergo structural and functional differentiation and supply the other layers. Melanocytes are also found in the stratum basale. In response to sun exposure, they produce melanin, the brown pigment responsible for skin color, and deliver it to adjacent keratinocytes. Merkel cells also reside in the stratum basale. Those are highly innervated neuroendocrine cells involved in mechanoreception." [HPA] synonym: "stratum germinativum" RELATED [] synonym: "stratum basale of epidermis" RELATED [] synonym: "skin cells in basal layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000438 xref: FMA:67540 xref: UBERON:0002025 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2734 name: Stratum spinosum def: "The layer of polyhedral cells in the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale; shrinkage and adhesion of these cells gives a spiny or prickly appearance. The stratum spinosum contains more differentiated keratinocytes. Those are recognized by a more abundant cytoplasm and by intercellular adherent junctions on higher magnification. Besides keratinocytes, Langerhans cells are present and most prominent in this stratum. Those are antigen presenting cells that, in presence of inflammation, become activated and leave the epidermis to migrate to draining lymph nodes." [HPA;UBERON:0002026] synonym: "stratum spinosum of epidermis" RELATED [] synonym: "skin cells in spinous layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000435 xref: FMA:67542 xref: UBERON:0002026 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2735 name: Basal keratinocyte def: "Keratinocytes from the stratum basale of epidermis." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Basal cell of epidermis" RELATED [] synonym: "Basal keratinocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002187 xref: FMA:70571 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0500 ! Keratinocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2733 ! Stratum basale [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2736 name: Suprabasal keratinocyte def: "Keratinocytes from the stratum spinosum of epidermis." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Suprabasal keratinocytes" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0500 ! Keratinocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2734 ! Stratum spinosum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2737 name: Cholangiocyte def: "An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts." [CL:1000488] synonym: "Cholangiocytes" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003164 xref: CL:1000488 xref: FMA:86481 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0075 ! Bile duct [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2738 name: Prostate urothelial cell def: "Urothelial cells from prostate." [HPA] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2815 ! Urothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2065 ! Prostate epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2739 name: Intestinal enteroendocrine cell def: "The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract." [CL:1001516] synonym: "Intestinal endocrine cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1001516 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3009 ! Enteroendocrine cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2104 ! Small intestine epithelium relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2105 ! Large intestine epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2740 name: Pancreatic endocrine cell def: "An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. The pancreatic endocrine cells found in islets of Langerhans constitute 2% of the pancreas and are responsible for maintaining a steady blood glucose level by secreting hormones regulating uptake and release of glucose." [HPA] synonym: "Pancreatic endocrine cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0008024 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2741 ! Endocrine cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0741 ! Pancreatic islet [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2741 name: Endocrine cell def: "A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions." [CL:0000163] xref: CL:0000163 xref: FMA:83809 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2742 name: Retinal bipolar neuron def: "A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer." [CL:0000748] synonym: "Retinal bipolar cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Bipolar cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000748 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3020 ! Excitatory neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2743 name: Horizontal cells of the eye def: "A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina." [CL:0000745] synonym: "Horizontal cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004120 xref: CL:0000745 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2744 name: Muller glial cell def: "Astrocyte-like radial glial cell that extends vertically throughout the retina, with the nucleus are usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer." [CL:0011107] synonym: "Muller cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Muller glia cell of eye" RELATED [] synonym: "Muller glia cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0011107 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0415 ! Glial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0685 ! Neuroretina [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2745 name: Cytotrophoblasts def: "Immature first trimester villi are large and covered by two layers of trophoblast, an inner layer of cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of syncytiotrophoblasts. The inner layer of the trophoblast, interior to the syncytiotrophoblast in an embryo. It serves to anchor the embryonic chorion to the maternal endometrium. Cytotrophoblasts are stem cells in the chorionic villi. During differentiation, mononuclear cytotrophoblast fuse together into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. The primary villi has only the cytotrophoblast as an axe." [UBERON:0000319] xref: BTO:0000322 xref: FMA:83039 xref: UBERON:0000319 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1070 ! Trophoblast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2746 name: Syncytiotrophoblasts def: "Immature first trimester villi are large and covered by two layers of trophoblast, an inner layer of cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of syncytiotrophoblasts. extraembryonic cells of trophoblastic shell surrounding embryo, outside the cytotrophoblast layer, involved with implantation of the blastocyst by eroding extracellular matrix surrounding maternal endometrial cells at site of implantation, also contribute to villi. (dark staining, multinucleated)." [UBERON:0000371] xref: BTO:0001335 xref: FMA:83040 xref: UBERON:0000371 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1070 ! Trophoblast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2747 name: Extravillous trophoblasts def: "The outermost layer of trophoblast, produced by cytotrophoblast where there is direct contact with maternal decidua rather than blood. The EVT cells travel into the decidua, reacting with NK cells and invading maternal blood vessels feeding the placenta, softening the walls and replacing the lining with fetal tissue, a process called conversion." [UBERON:0000426] xref: BTO:0002366 xref: FMA:86561 xref: UBERON:0000426 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1070 ! Trophoblast [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2748 name: Undifferentiated cells of the intestine def: "Undifferentiated cells of the intestines including stem cells, transit-amplifying cells and progenitor/precursors cells." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Undifferentiated cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0490 ! Intestine [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2749 name: Hofbauer cell def: "Oval eosinophilic histiocytes with granules and vacuoles found in placenta, which are of mesenchymal origin, in mesoderm of the chorionic villus, particularly numerous in early pregnancy." [CL:3000001] synonym: "Hofbauer cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:3000001 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0587 ! Macrophage relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0799 ! Placenta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2750 name: Kupffer cell def: "A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids involved in erythrocyte clearance. Markers include F4/80+, CD11b-low, CD68-positive, sialoadhesin-positive, CD163/SRCR-positive. Irregular, with long processes including lamellipodia extending into the sinusoid lumen, have flattened nucleus with cytoplasm containing characteristic invaginations of the plasma membrane (vermiform bodies); lie within the sinusoid lumen attached to the endothelial surface; derived from the bone marrow, form a major part of the body's mononuclear phagocyte system." [CL:0000091] synonym: "von Kupffer cell" RELATED [] synonym: "stellate cell of von Kupffer" RELATED [] synonym: "littoral cell of hepatic sinusoid" RELATED [] synonym: "macrophagocytus stellatus" RELATED [] synonym: "liver macrophage" RELATED [] synonym: "hepatic macrophage" RELATED [] synonym: "Kupffer cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000685 xref: CL:0000091 xref: FMA:14656 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2019 ! Histiocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2751 ! Hepatic sinusoid [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2751 name: Hepatic sinusoid def: "A liver sinusoid is a type of capillary known as a sinusoidal capillary, discontinuous capillary or sinusoid, that is similar to a fenestrated capillary, having discontinuous endothelium that serves as a location for mixing of the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein." [Wikipedia:Liver_sinusoid] synonym: "Liver sinusoid" RELATED [] xref: FMA:17543 xref: UBERON:0001281 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2006 ! Capillary relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0564 ! Liver [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2752 name: Erythroid cell def: "A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes." [CL:0002156] synonym: "Erythropoietic cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Erythroid cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002156 xref: FMA:83516 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0647 ! Myeloid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2753 name: Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex def: "The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex is involved in social cognition and processing of mental states. This prefrontal cortex subregions includes the medial part of the superior frontal gyrus and also the upper portions of the dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex." [HPA] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2424 ! Prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2754 name: Ventromedial prefrontal cortex def: "The ventromedial prefrontal cortex is important for empathy, making of value-based decision and regulation of negative emotions. This prefrontal cortex subregions contains frontopolar cortex, the rostral gyrus, the lower dorsal and ventral pregenual and subgenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex and the subcallosal gyrus." [HPA] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2424 ! Prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2755 name: Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex def: "The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in decision making by processing the behavioral significance of external events. This part of the prefrontal cortex also contains the Broca areas involved in the production of speech. This prefrontal cortex subregion includes the frontomarginal cortex, the lower part of the medial frontal gyrus the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the Broca areas, triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus." [HPA] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2424 ! Prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2756 name: Limbic cortex def: "Cortex of the limbic lobe." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Cortex of limbic lobe" RELATED [] synonym: "Limbic lobe cortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:242234 xref: UBERON:0016542 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2639 ! Neocortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2061 ! Limbic lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2757 name: Anterior cingulate gyrus, pregenual-dorsal def: "Dorsal pregenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "aCGpd" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2657 ! Anterior cingulate cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2754 ! Ventromedial prefrontal cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2753 ! Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2758 name: Anterior cingulate gyrus, pregenual-ventral def: "Ventral pregenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "aCGpv" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2657 ! Anterior cingulate cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2753 ! Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2754 ! Ventromedial prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2759 name: Anterior cingulate gyrus, subgenual def: "Subgenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "aCGs" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2754 ! Ventromedial prefrontal cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2657 ! Anterior cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2760 name: Paraterminal gyrus def: "The paraterminal gyrus (subcallosal gyrus, peduncle of the corpus callosum) is a narrow lamina on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the lamina terminalis, behind the parolfactory area, and below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is continuous around the genu of the corpus callosum with the supracallosal gyrus." [UBERON:0002603] synonym: "Subcallosal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "Precommissural hippocampus" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0002603 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2754 ! Ventromedial prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2761 name: Frontal gyrus def: "A gyrus that is part of a frontal cortex." [UBERON:0015593] xref: UBERON:0015593 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2688 ! Frontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2762 name: Inferior frontal gyrus def: "Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the inferior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the lateral bank of the inferior frontal sulcus and the medial bank of the lateral orbital sulcus and/or the circular insular sulcus respectively (Christein Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON:0002998] synonym: "Inferior frontal convolution" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004835 xref: FMA:61860 xref: UBERON:0002998 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2761 ! Frontal gyrus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2755 ! Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2763 name: Triangular inferior frontal gyrus def: "Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the second gyrus from the precentral gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON:0002629] synonym: "Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "Pars triangularis" RELATED [] synonym: "Gyrus frontalis inferior, pars triangularis" RELATED [] synonym: "Pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris" RELATED [] synonym: "Pars triangularis of frontal operculum (Ono)" RELATED [] synonym: "Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61980 xref: UBERON:0002629 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2762 ! Inferior frontal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2764 name: Orbital inferior frontal gyrus def: "Component of the inferior frontal gyrus. Defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus. The remainder of the inferior frontal gyrus once the pars opercularis and triangularis have been defined (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON:0002624] synonym: "Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "Gyrus frontalis inferior, pars orbitalis" RELATED [] synonym: "Pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris" RELATED [] synonym: "Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part" RELATED [] synonym: "Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61982 xref: UBERON:0002624 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2762 ! Inferior frontal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2765 name: Frontomarginal cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2755 ! Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2766 name: Gyrus rectus def: "The portion of the frontal lobe medial to the medial orbital gyrus is named the gyrus rectus (or straight gyrus), and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface. A specific function for the gyrus rectus has not yet been elucidated." [UBERON:0004671] synonym: "Straight gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "Medial part of gyri orbitales" RELATED [] synonym: "Rectus gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "Rectal gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61893 xref: UBERON:0004671 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2849 ! Orbitofrontal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2767 name: Lateral orbitofrontal gyrus def: "Lateral part of the orbitofrontal gyrus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Orbitofrontal gyrus, lateral" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2849 ! Orbitofrontal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2768 name: Medial orbitofrontal gyrus def: "Medial part of the orbitofrontal gyrus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Orbitofrontal gyrus, medial" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2849 ! Orbitofrontal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2769 name: Posterior orbitofrontal gyrus def: "Posterior part of the orbitofrontal gyrus." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "Orbitofrontal gyrus, posterior" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2849 ! Orbitofrontal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2770 name: Bronchus goblet cell def: "A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus." [CL:1000312] synonym: "Goblet cell of epithelium of bronchus" RELATED [] synonym: "Goblet cell bronchus" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchial goblet cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchus goblet cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000312 xref: FMA:263032 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2399 ! Bronchus epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2771 name: Bronchus basal cell def: "A basal cell found in the bronchus epithelium. Basal cells are small cells with round nuclei located in the basal part of the respiratory epithelium. They are stem cells that differentiate into the other cells types when the epithelium is injured, thereby restoring the epithelium." [HPA] synonym: "Basal cell of epithelium of bronchus" RELATED [] synonym: "Basal cell of bronchus" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchial basal cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Bronchus basal cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000349 xref: FMA:263120 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2399 ! Bronchus epithelial cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-3011 ! Basal respiratory cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2772 name: Oviduct ciliated cell def: "Luminal epithelium mainly consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells intermixed with non-ciliated secreting cells. Ciliated cell from the columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct. Ciliated cells contain hair-like motile protrusions on the apical side of the epithelial cells that help in the mucociliary transport of gametes." [HPA] synonym: "Fallopian tube ciliated cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0005589 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2730 ! Ciliated epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1316 ! Oviduct epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2773 name: Oviduct non-ciliated epithelial cell def: "Luminal epithelium mainly consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells intermixed with non-ciliated secreting cells. Non-ciliated cells are involved in the secretion of mucus to aid in the mucociliary transport of gametes." [HPA] synonym: "Oviduct non-ciliated luminal epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Fallopian tube non-ciliated luminal epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Fallopian tube non-ciliated cells" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1316 ! Oviduct epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2774 name: Glomerular capsule def: "The Bowman's capsule encloses the glomerulus and leads the fluids from the blood passing through the glomerulus into a proximal tubule. The capsule is made up of three layers with the capsular space in between, a squamous epithelial layer for enclosure, the visceral layer made of podocytes and the filtration barrier composed of epithelium from the capillary loops and podocyte processes." [HPA] synonym: "Renal glomerular capsule" RELATED [] synonym: "Bowmans capsule" RELATED [] synonym: "Bowman's capsule" RELATED [] synonym: "Capsula glomerularis" RELATED [] synonym: "Kidney Bowman's capsule" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002297 xref: FMA:15626 xref: UBERON:0001230 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1317 ! Renal corpuscle [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2775 name: Nasopharyngeal basal cell def: "Cell of the respiratory pseudostratified epithelium. Basal cells are small cells with round nuclei located in the basal part of the respiratory epithelium. They are stem cells that differentiate into the other cells types when the epithelium is injured, thereby restoring the epithelium." [HPA] synonym: "Nasopharynx basal cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Nasopharynx basal cell" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2398 ! Nasopharyngeal epithelial cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-3011 ! Basal respiratory cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2776 name: Nasopharyngeal ciliated cell def: "Cell of the respiratory pseudostratified epithelium. Ciliated cells have a columnar cell body and appear pink when stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Attached to the apical cell membrane, there are several motile cilia that resemble brushes. Ciliary movement help to filter the inhaled air from contaminants." [HPA] synonym: "Nasopharynx ciliated cell" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-3013 ! Respiratory ciliated cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2398 ! Nasopharyngeal epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2777 name: Nasopharyngeal goblet cell def: "Cell of the respiratory pseudostratified epithelium. Goblet cells are interspersed between the ciliated cells. They are filled with mucus and therefore appear pale and have a nucleus located in the basal part of the cell. The mucus is secreted to the nasopharyngeal cavity. The mucus is important for maintaining a suitable environment for ciliary function and protection against airborne infectious agents and solid particles." [HPA] synonym: "Nasopharynx goblet cell" RELATED [] synonym: "Nasopharynx goblet cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2398 ! Nasopharyngeal epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2778 name: Bergmann glial cell def: "Type of radial astrocyte in the cerebellar cortex that have their cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and processes that extend into the molecular layer, terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum, Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses." [CL:0000644] synonym: "Bergmann glial cell of cerebellum" RELATED [] synonym: "Bergmann astrocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum Bergmann glia" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000644 xref: FMA:54559 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2566 ! Cerebellar glial cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-0060 ! Astrocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2779 name: Cerebellar GLUC cells relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2780 name: Cerebellum processes in granular layer def: "Neuronal projections in the granular layer of the cerebral cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1247 ! Cerebellum granular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2781 name: Cerebellum processes in molecular layer def: "Neuronal projections in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1248 ! Cerebellum molecular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2782 name: Cerebellum processes in white matter def: "Neuronal projections in the cerebellum white matter." [neXtProt:PDR] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2784 ! White matter of cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2783 name: Cerebellar glomerulus def: "An intertwined cluster of nerve fibers surrounded by glia where mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons." [UBERON:0011915] synonym: "Cerebellar glomeruli" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum synaptic glomeruli" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1247 ! Cerebellum granular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2784 name: White matter of cerebellum def: "Regional part of cerebellum consisting of the myelinated axons lying deep to the granule cell layer, excluding the deep cerebellar nuclei and the cerebellar peduncles." [BIRNLEX:1562] synonym: "Cerebellum white matter cells" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellar white matter" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum white matter" RELATED [] xref: FMA:83943 xref: UBERON:0002317 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1247 ! Cerebellum granular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2785 name: Kidney proximal tubules (cell body) synonym: "Kidney proximal tubules - cell body" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0509 ! Renal proximal tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2786 name: Kidney proximal tubules (microvilli) def: "The proximal tubules are the tubules leading from the glomeruli towards the loop of Henle. These are composed of a monolayer of cuboidal epithelial cells with a brush border. This border is made up of microvilli that greatly increase the surface area of the cells and in this way increase the absorptive capabilities of the cells." [HPA] synonym: "Kidney proximal tubules - microvilli" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0509 ! Renal proximal tubule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2787 name: Cerebellum Purkinje cells (cytoplasm/membrane) synonym: "Cerebellum Purkinje cells - cytoplasm/membrane" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0845 ! Purkinje cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2788 name: Cerebellum Purkinje cells (dendrites) synonym: "Cerebellum Purkinje cells dendrites" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum Purkinje cells - dendrites" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0845 ! Purkinje cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2789 name: Cerebellum Purkinje cells (nucleus) synonym: "Cerebellum Purkinje cells nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum Purkinje cells - nucleus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0845 ! Purkinje cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2790 name: Cerebellum granular cells (cytoplasm/membrane) synonym: "Cerebellum granular cells - cytoplasm/membrane" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1247 ! Cerebellum granular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2791 name: Cerebellum granular cells (nucleus) synonym: "Cerebellum granular cells nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum granular cells - nucleus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1247 ! Cerebellum granular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2792 name: Cerebellum molecular layer cells (cytoplasm/membrane) synonym: "Cerebellum molecular layer cells - cytoplasm/membrane" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1248 ! Cerebellum molecular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2793 name: Cerebellum molecular layer cells (nucleus) synonym: "Cerebellum molecular layer cells nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum molecular layer cells - nucleus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1248 ! Cerebellum molecular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2794 name: Bronchus ciliated cells (cell body) synonym: "Bronchus ciliated cells - cell body" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2729 ! Bronchus ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2795 name: Bronchus ciliated cells (cilia axoneme) synonym: "Bronchus ciliated cells - cilia axoneme" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2729 ! Bronchus ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2796 name: Bronchus ciliated cells (ciliary rootlets) synonym: "Bronchus ciliated cells - ciliary rootlets" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2729 ! Bronchus ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2797 name: Bronchus ciliated cells (tip of cilia) synonym: "Bronchus ciliated cells - tip of cilia" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2729 ! Bronchus ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2798 name: Fallopian tube ciliated cells (cell body) synonym: "Fallopian tube ciliated cells - cell body" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2772 ! Oviduct ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2799 name: Fallopian tube ciliated cells (cilia axoneme) synonym: "Fallopian tube ciliated cells - cilia axoneme" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2772 ! Oviduct ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2800 name: Fallopian tube ciliated cells (ciliary rootlets) synonym: "Fallopian tube ciliated cells - ciliary rootlets" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2772 ! Oviduct ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2801 name: Fallopian tube ciliated cells (tip of cilia) synonym: "Fallopian tube ciliated cells - tip of cilia" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2772 ! Oviduct ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2802 name: Nasopharynx ciliated cells (cell body) synonym: "Nasopharynx ciliated cells - cell body" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2776 ! Nasopharyngeal ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2803 name: Nasopharynx ciliated cells (cilia axoneme) synonym: "Nasopharynx ciliated cells - cilia axoneme" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2776 ! Nasopharyngeal ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2804 name: Nasopharynx ciliated cells (ciliary rootlets) synonym: "Nasopharynx ciliated cells - ciliary rootlets" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2776 ! Nasopharyngeal ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2805 name: Nasopharynx ciliated cells (tip of cilia) synonym: "Nasopharynx ciliated cells - tip of cilia" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2776 ! Nasopharyngeal ciliated cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2806 name: Cerebellum Bergmann glia (cytoplasm/membrane) synonym: "Cerebellum Bergmann glia - cytoplasm/membrane" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2778 ! Bergmann glial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2807 name: Cerebellum Bergmann glia (nucleus) synonym: "Cerebellum Bergmann glia nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum Bergmann glia - nucleus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2778 ! Bergmann glial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2808 name: Cerebellum gluc cells (cytoplasm/membrane) synonym: "Cerebellum gluc cells - cytoplasm/membrane" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2779 ! Cerebellar GLUC cells [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2809 name: Cerebellum gluc cells (nucleus) synonym: "Cerebellum gluc cells nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum gluc cells - nucleus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2779 ! Cerebellar GLUC cells [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2810 name: Cerebellum synaptic glomeruli (capsule) synonym: "Cerebellum synaptic glomeruli - capsule" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2783 ! Cerebellar glomerulus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2811 name: Cerebellum synaptic glomeruli (core) synonym: "Cerebellum synaptic glomeruli - core" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2783 ! Cerebellar glomerulus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2812 name: Cerebellum white matter cells (cytoplasm/membrane) synonym: "Cerebellum white matter cells - cytoplasm/membrane" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2784 ! White matter of cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2813 name: Cerebellum white matter cells (nucleus) synonym: "Cerebellum white matter cells nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "Cerebellum white matter cells - nucleus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2784 ! White matter of cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2814 name: Ciliated cell def: "A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface." [CL:ciliated cell] synonym: "Ciliated cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000064 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2815 name: Urothelial cell def: "A cell of a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria." [CD:urothelial cell] synonym: "Urothelial cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000731 xref: FMA:84127 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2816 name: Urinary bladder urothelial cell def: "A cell of a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria." [CD:urothelial cell] synonym: "Urinary bladder urothelial cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000731 xref: FMA:84127 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2815 ! Urothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1088 ! Urinary bladder urothelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2817 name: Syncytiotrophoblasts (cell body) synonym: "Syncytiotrophoblasts - cell body" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2746 ! Syncytiotrophoblasts [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2818 name: Syncytiotrophoblasts (microvilli) def: "The placental microvilli consist of a network of interwoven collagen fibrils, and small fibrillar bundles, that connect the chorionic villi with the rest of the villous system of the placenta. Since the microvilli is in direct contact with maternal blood it helps maintain a suitable environment for the fetus by aiding the transport of nutrients and metabolites across its membrane. It is also involved in hormonal and immunological interactions between mother and fetus." [HPA] synonym: "Syncytiotrophoblasts - microvilli" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2746 ! Syncytiotrophoblasts [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2819 name: Posterior cingulate cortex def: "Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral and caudal extent were the caudal anterior and the isthmus divisions of the cingulate cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the corpus callosum and as the superior frontal gyrus and/or paracentral lobule respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [BIRNLEX:950] synonym: "posterior cingulate" RELATED [] synonym: "cingulate gyrus, posterior division" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004250 xref: FMA:271593 xref: UBERON:0022353 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2647 ! Cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2820 name: Posterior cingulate cortex, ventral synonym: "Ventral posterior cingulate cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2819 ! Posterior cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2821 name: Posterior cingulate cortex, dorsal synonym: "dorsal posterior cingulate cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2819 ! Posterior cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2822 name: Anterior cingulate cortex, supragenual-dorsal synonym: "supragenual-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2657 ! Anterior cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2823 name: Anterior cingulate cortex, supragenual-ventral synonym: "supragenual-ventral anterior cingulate cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2657 ! Anterior cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2824 name: Middle cingulate cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2647 ! Cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2826 name: Insular cortex def: "The insular cortex is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus (the fissure separating the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes) within each hemisphere of the mammalian brain." [Wikipedia:Insular_cortex] synonym: "cortex of insula" RELATED [] synonym: "insular neocortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:242223 xref: UBERON:0034891 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2639 ! Neocortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2827 name: Anterior insular cortex, dorsal synonym: "dorsal anterior insular cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2826 ! Insular cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2828 name: Anterior insular cortex, ventral synonym: "ventral anterior insular cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2826 ! Insular cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2829 name: Parieto-insular cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2826 ! Insular cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2830 name: Posterior insular cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2826 ! Insular cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2831 name: Temporo-insular cortex, parainsular gyrus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2832 name: Area parastriata synonym: "Brodmann (1909) area 18" RELATED [] synonym: "secondary visual area" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 18" RELATED [] synonym: "parastriate area 18" RELATED [] synonym: "area 18 of Brodmann" RELATED [] synonym: "B09-18" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann's area 18" RELATED [] synonym: "visual area II" RELATED [] synonym: "BA18" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann area 18, parastriate" RELATED [] synonym: "Brodmann (1909) area 18" RELATED [] synonym: "area 18 of Brodmann-1909" RELATED [] xref: FMA:68615 xref: UBERON:0006473 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1117 ! Visual cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2833 name: Area parastriata, inferior relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2832 ! Area parastriata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2834 name: Area parastriata, parietal relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2832 ! Area parastriata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2835 name: Area parastriata, superior relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2832 ! Area parastriata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2836 name: Area parastriata, temporal relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2832 ! Area parastriata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2837 name: Area striata (white matter) synonym: "area striata, white matter" RELATED [] synonym: "white matter area striata" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2638 ! Primary visual cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2838 name: Precentral gyrus def: "Component of the frontal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus is the rostral and caudal boundaries of the precentral gyrus respectively. The medial boundary is specific frontal gyri (superior, middle and inferior) whereas the lateral boundary is the medial bank of the central sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:1455] synonym: "prerolandic gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "precentral convolution" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61894 xref: UBERON:0002703 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2688 ! Frontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2839 name: Precentral gyrus, dorsal synonym: "dorsal part of precentral gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal precentral gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:70689 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2838 ! Precentral gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2840 name: Precentral gyrus, middle synonym: "middle part of precentral gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "middle precentral gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:70690 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2838 ! Precentral gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2841 name: Precentral gyrus, ventral synonym: "ventral part of precentral gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral precentral gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:70691 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2838 ! Precentral gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2842 name: Postcentral gyrus, middle synonym: "middle part of postcentral gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "middle postcentral gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:70693 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2640 ! Postcentral gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2843 name: Postcentral gyrus, ventral synonym: "ventral part of postcentral gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral postcentral gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:70694 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2640 ! Postcentral gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2844 name: Angular gyrus def: "Part of inferior parietal lobule formed by the cortex surrounding the upturned end of the superior temporal sulcus." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:1376] synonym: "preoccipital gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "middle part of inferior parietal lobule" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61898 xref: UBERON:0002686 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2869 ! Inferior parietal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2845 name: Fusiform gyrus def: "The fusiform gyrus is a structure spanning the basal surface of the temporal and occipital lobes. It is the largest component of the human ventral temporal cortex, a functionally-defined region critical for visual categorization." [PMID: 32778667] synonym: "medial occipitotemporal gyrus-1 (heimer)" RELATED [] synonym: "gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis" RELATED [] synonym: "occipitotemporal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral occipitotemporal gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61908 xref: UBERON:0002766 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2689 ! Temporal cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2691 ! Occipital cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2846 name: Lingual gyrus def: "Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary of the lingual gyrus was the posterior extent of the parahippocampal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the gyrus could be visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the medial bank of the collateral sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:740] synonym: "medial occipitotemporal gyrus-2" RELATED [] synonym: "medial occipitotemporal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "lingula of cerebral hemisphere" RELATED [] synonym: "gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61904 xref: UBERON:0002943 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2691 ! Occipital cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2847 name: Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular def: "Component of the inferior frontal gyrus. Defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus" [UBERON:BIRNLEX:823] synonym: "opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "pars posterior of inferior frontal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "pars opercularis" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris" RELATED [] synonym: "opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "gyrus frontalis inferior, pars opercularis" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61981 xref: UBERON:0002980 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2762 ! Inferior frontal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2848 name: Inferior temporal gyrus def: "Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the inferior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is designated as the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The occipitotemporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:1577 ] synonym: "gyrus temporalis inferior" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (heimer-83)" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61907 xref: UBERON:0002751 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2689 ! Temporal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2849 name: Orbitofrontal gyrus synonym: "fronto-orbital gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "orbito-frontal gyrus" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0009836 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2761 ! Frontal gyrus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2650 ! Orbitofrontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2850 name: Orbitofrontal gyrus, anterior synonym: "anterior part of orbitofrontal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior orbitofrontal gyrus" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2849 ! Orbitofrontal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2851 name: Fusiform gyrus (white matter) synonym: "fusiform gyrus, white matter" RELATED [] synonym: "white matter fusiform gyrus" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2845 ! Fusiform gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2852 name: Angular gyrus (white matter) synonym: "angular gyrus, white matter" RELATED [] synonym: "white matter angular gyrus" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2844 ! Angular gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2853 name: Perirhinal gyrus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2449 ! Hippocampal formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2854 name: Entorhinal gyrus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2449 ! Hippocampal formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2855 name: Transverse temporal gyrus def: "The area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing[MP]. The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain) rather than dorsiventrally (front to back) as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. Heschl." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "Heshl's gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "transverse gyrus of Heschl" RELATED [] xref: FMA:273671 xref: UBERON:0003939 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2545 ! Auditory cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2856 name: Transversal temporal gyrus, anterior def: "The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain) rather than dorsiventrally (front to back) as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. Heschl." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "anterior transverse temporal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior transverse convolution of heschl" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior transverse temporal convolution of heschl" RELATED [] synonym: "first transverse gyrus of Heschl" RELATED [] synonym: "great transverse gyrus of Heschl" RELATED [] xref: FMA:71029 xref: FMA:61909 xref: UBERON:0002773 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2855 ! Transverse temporal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2857 name: Transversal temporal gyrus, posterior synonym: "posterior transverse temporal gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior transverse convolution of heschl" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior transverse temporal convolution of heschl" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61910 xref: UBERON:0002774 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2855 ! Transverse temporal gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2858 name: Superior temporal gyrus def: "Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the superior temporal sulcus. The caudal boundary is the cauday portion of the superior temporal gyrus (posterior to becoming continuous with the supramarginal gyrus). The medial boundary is the lateral fissure (and when present the supramarginal gyrus), and the lateral boundary is the superior temporal suclus (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:1648] xref: FMA:61905 xref: MESH: xref: UBERON:0002769 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2689 ! Temporal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2859 name: Supramarginal gyrus def: "Component of the parietal lobe. The first coronal slice between the superior temporal gyrus and the postcentral gyrus where the supramarginal gyrus appears was the rostral boundary whereas the slice where the supramarginal gyrus becomes continuous with the superior parietal gyrus was the caudal boundary. The medial and lateral boundaries were the lateral banks of the intraparietal sulcus and the medial banks of the lateral fissure and/or the superior temporal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:1381 ] synonym: "inferior parietal lobule (krieg)" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior part of inferior parietal lobule" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61897 xref: UBERON:0002688 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2869 ! Inferior parietal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2860 name: Subcentral gyrus synonym: "subcentral gyrus, S2" RELATED [] synonym: "central operculum" RELATED [] synonym: "Rolandic operculum" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2688 ! Frontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2825 name: Somatomor cortex, precentral gyrus (white matter) is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2838 ! Precentral gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2861 name: Somatosensory cortex, postcentral gyrus, ventral (white matter) is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2862 ! Somatosensory cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2862 name: Somatosensory cortex def: "Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving sensations such as movement, pain, pressure, position, temperature, touch, and vibration. It lies posterior to the central sulcus." [MeSH:D013003] xref: BTO:0004353 xref: FMA:242642 xref: MESH:D013003 xref: UBERON:0008930 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2640 ! Postcentral gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2863 name: Motor cortex def: "Area of the frontal lobe concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal precentral gyrus immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex." [MeSH:D009044] synonym: "primary motor cortex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004348 xref: FMA:224854 xref: MESH:D009044 xref: UBERON:0001384 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2688 ! Frontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2864 name: Retrosplenial cortex def: "The retrosplenial cortex comprises the Brodmann areas 29 and 30, located within the posterior cingulate region. It contributes to cognitive functions, including episodic memory, navigation, imagination and planning for the future." [PMID: 19812579] synonym: "retrosplenial region" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0013531 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2647 ! Cingulate cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2865 name: Premotor cortex def: "The premotor cortex is an area of motor cortex lying within the frontal lobe of the brain. It extends 3 mm anterior to the primary motor cortex, near the Sylvian fissure, before narrowing to approximately 1 mm near the medial longitudinal fissure, which serves as the posterior border for the prefrontal cortex. The premotor cortex is largely equivalent to Brodmann area 6. Activity within this region is critical to the sensory guidance of movement and control of proximal and trunk muscles of the body." [UBERON:Wikipedia] synonym: "premotor cortex (area 6)" RELATED [] xref: FMA:224852 xref: UBERON:0016634 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2863 ! Motor cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2866 name: Premotor cortex, dorsal synonym: "dorsal part of the premotor cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal premotor cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2865 ! Premotor cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2867 name: Premotor cortex, ventral synonym: "ventral part of the premotor cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral premotor cortex" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2865 ! Premotor cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2868 name: Parietal operculum synonym: "operculum parietale" RELATED [] xref: FMA:74889 xref: UBERON:0002911 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0389 ! Frontal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2869 name: Inferior parietal cortex def: "Component of the parietal lobe. The inferior parietal cortex label includes the inferior parietal gyrus and the angular gyrus and lies inferior to the superior parietal gyrus. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the supramarginal gyrus and the parieto-occipital incisure respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the superior parietal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus respectively." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:1194] synonym: "inferior parietal lobule" RELATED [] xref: FMA:77536 xref: UBERON:0006088 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2690 ! Parietal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2870 name: Superior parietal cortex def: "The superior parietal lobule is bounded in front by the upper part of the postcentral sulcus, but is usually connected with the postcentral gyrus above the end of the sulcus. The superior parietal lobule contains Brodmann's areas 5 and 7." [Wikipedia:Superior_parietal_lobule] synonym: "superior parietal lobule" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61899 xref: UBERON:0006094 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2690 ! Parietal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2871 name: Intraparietal deep sulcus def: "The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe, and consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The IPS contains a series of functionally distinct subregions that have been intensively investigated using both single cell neurophysiology in primates and human functional neuroimaging. Its principal functions are related to perceptual-motor coordination (for directing eye movements and reaching) and visual attention. The IPS is also thought to play a role in other functions, including processing symbolic numerical information, visuospatial working memory and interpreting the intent of others. [WP,unvetted]." [UBERON:intraparietal_sulcus] synonym: "intraparietal sulcus" RELATED [] synonym: "intraparietal fissure" RELATED [] synonym: "interparietal fissure" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003787 xref: FMA:83772 xref: UBERON:0002913 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0747 ! Parietal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2872 name: Paracentral lobule def: "Paracentral lobule is on the medial surface of the hemisphere and is the continuation of the precentral and postcentral gyri. The paracentral lobule controls motor and sensory innervations of the contralateral lower extremity. It is also responsible for control of defecation and urination" [Wikipedia:Paracentral_lobule] synonym: "lobulus paracentralis" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0005601 xref: FMA:77534 xref: UBERON:0035933 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2873 name: Paracentral lobule, anterior synonym: "anterior part of paracentral lobule" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior segment of paracentral lobule" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior paracentral lobule" RELATED [] xref: FMA:273508 xref: UBERON:0035932 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2872 ! Paracentral lobule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2874 name: Paracentral lobule, posterior synonym: "posterior part of paracentral lobule" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior segment of paracentral lobule" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior paracentral lobule" RELATED [] xref: FMA:273511 xref: UBERON:0035934 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2872 ! Paracentral lobule [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2875 name: Frontal operculum def: "Portion of frontal lobe that overlaps the insular cortex (adapted from Wikipedia)." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:751] xref: FMA:74886 xref: UBERON:0002947 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0389 ! Frontal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2876 name: Supplementary motor cortex def: "The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex (perirolandic, i.e. on each side of the Rolando or central sulcus). It was included, on purely cytoarchitectonic arguments, in area 6 of Brodmann and the Vogts. It is located on the medial face of the hemisphere, just in front of primary motor cortex. This is an element that appeared late in evolution, in monkeys, linked to the appearance of a true medial pallidum." [Wikipedia:Supplementary_motor_area] synonym: "supplemental motor cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "supplemental motor area" RELATED [] synonym: "supplementary motor area" RELATED [] xref: FMA:224858 xref: UBERON:0016636 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2877 name: Temporal pole def: "Anterior component of the temporal lobe (rostral boundary) extends caudally to the entorhinal cortex. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the superior or inferior temporal sulci, respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine)." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:1055] xref: FMA:74890 xref: UBERON:0002576 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1020 ! Temporal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2878 name: Temporo-occipital transitional zone relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2879 name: Precuneus def: "The medial aspect of the posterior parietal lobe, which is bounded anteriorly by the marginal branch of the cingulate sulcus, posteriorly by the medial portion of the parieto-occipital fissure and inferiorly by the subparietal sulcus. It is involved in a wide range of higher-order cognitive function, such as episodic memory, visuospatial processing, reflections upon self, and aspects of consciousness." [NCIT:C112399] synonym: "precuneus cortex" RELATED [] synonym: "quadrate lobule" RELATED [] synonym: "precuneate lobule" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61900 xref: UBERON:0006093 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2690 ! Parietal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2880 name: Piriform cortex def: "The subdivision of the laminated olfactory cortex with only three main layers that receive monosynaptic input from the olfactory bulb via the lateral olfactory tract; it is located bilaterally in the ventrolateral forebrain and is commonly divided into anterior and posterior regions." [UBERON:PMID:17714095] xref: BTO:0002651 xref: UBERON:0004725 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2881 ! Olfactory cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2881 name: Olfactory cortex def: "Aggregate brain region defined as those areas of cerebral cortex receiving direct synaptic input from the olfactory bulb (Price, 1973). It usually includes the piriform cortex and sometimes other areas." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:2707] xref: BTO:0001446 xref: FMA:276600 xref: UBERON:0002894 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2882 name: Parieto-occipital transitional area relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2883 name: Frontal eye field def: "The frontal eye fields (FEF) are a region located in the frontal cortex, more specifically in Brodmann area 8 or BA8, of the primate brain. The FEF is responsible for saccadic eye movements for the purpose of visual field perception and awareness, as well as for voluntary eye movement." [Wikipedia:Frontal_eye_fields] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2688 ! Frontal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2884 name: Basal amygdala def: "Part of the basolateral amygdala." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "basal amygdaloid nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:68855 xref: UBERON:0002887 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2885 ! Basolateral amygdala [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2885 name: Basolateral amygdala def: "A set of amygdalar nuclei comprising the lateral nucleus (LA), the basal nucleus (BA), and the accessory basal nuclei (ABN). These nuclei are bordered laterally by the external capsule and medially by the central amygdalar nucleus as well as the amygdalohippocampal area. This definition refers to the rat Basolateral nuclear complex. The basolateral amygdala has been implicated in both mediating the formation of memories related to emotional events and fear extinction (learning process resulting in the elimination of a previously elicited fear response) through interaction with the prefrontal cortex." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:2679;HPA] synonym: "basolateral amygdaloid nuclear complex" RELATED [] synonym: "basolateral subdivision of amygdala" RELATED [] xref: FMA:84609 xref: UBERON:0006107 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0037 ! Amygdala [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2886 name: Central amygdala def: "The output region of the amygdala responsible for controlling responses (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399)." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:2682] synonym: "central amygdaloid nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002686 xref: FMA:74047 xref: UBERON:0002883 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0037 ! Amygdala [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2887 name: Corticomedial amygdala def: "These structures are referred to as nuclei but have a layered cortical like structure. These areas include the anterior amygdaloid area, posterior amygdaloid area, the periamygdaloid cortex, and the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:2680] synonym: "corticomedial nuclear complex" RELATED [] synonym: "corticomedial subdivision of amygdala" RELATED [] xref: FMA:84015 xref: UBERON:0006108 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0037 ! Amygdala [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2888 name: Lateral amygdala def: "The sensory interface of the amygdala where plasticity is mediated (PMID:16242399)." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:2687] synonym: "lateral amygdaloid nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61866 xref: UBERON:0002886 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2885 ! Basolateral amygdala [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2889 name: Stria terminalis, bed nucleus def: "The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a center of integration for limbic information and valence monitoring. The BNST, sometimes referred to as the extended amygdala, is located in the basal forebrain and is a sexually dimorphic structure made up of between 12 and 18 sub-nuclei." [PMID:26878891] synonym: "bed nucleus of stria terminalis" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus of stria terminalis" RELATED [] synonym: "intercalate nucleus of stria terminalis" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61884 xref: UBERON:0001880 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1018 ! Telencephalon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2890 name: Claustrum def: "One of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula. The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin (fraction of 1 mm to multiple mms) vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. The claustrum is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex and is considered by some sources to be part of the basal ganglia. There are lateral and medial tracts connecting to many cortices and perhaps to the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the caudate nucleus (connections with subcortical centers are a matter of debate)." [UBERON:Wikipedia:BTO] synonym: "claustrum of brain" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal claustrum" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004292 xref: FMA:67440 xref: UBERON:0002023 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2891 name: Ventral pallidum def: "Part of the globus pallidus, consisting of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM)." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:1674 ] synonym: "globus pallidus ventral part" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004375 xref: FMA:77613 xref: UBERON:0002778 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2013 ! Globus pallidus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2892 name: Nucleus basalis of Meynert def: "Subdivision of telencephalon which is actually several islands of neurons lying within the substantia innominata, located ventral to the basal ganglia and anterior to the hypothalamus." [FMA:61887] synonym: "basal nucleus of telencephalon" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001480 xref: FMA:61887 xref: UBERON:0010010 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2891 ! Ventral pallidum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2893 name: Flocculonodular lobe def: "The flocculonodular lobe is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus. It is closely associated with the vestibulocerebellum." [UBERON] synonym: "flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum" RELATED [] synonym: "cerebellum flocculonodular lobe" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72253 xref: UBERON:0003012 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2894 name: Nucleus of the diagonal band def: "A brain structure that is part of the septal nuclear complex. It is connected with the hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala." [UBERON:NCIT] synonym: "nucleus of diagonal band" RELATED [] synonym: "diagonal band of Broca" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61882 xref: UBERON:0001879 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2895 name: Septal nuclei def: "Collection of nerve cells in the medial forebrain lying generally in front of the anterior commissure (Maryann Martone)." [UBERON] synonym: "septal nuclear complex" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0002663 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia id: CALOHA:TS-2896 name: Cerebellum molecular layer neuropil def: "Neuropil at the cerebellum cortex." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "cerebellum molecular layer - neuropil" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1248 ! Cerebellum molecular layer [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2897 name: Hippocampus, CA2 def: "Part of hippocampus proper bounded by areas CA3 and CA1, characterized by a narrow layer of large pyramidal cells, similar in size to CA3 pyramidal cells, but which lack the mossy fiber input from the dentate gyrus." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:1362 ] synonym: "CA2 field of hippocampus" RELATED [] synonym: "CA2 field of Ammon's horn" RELATED [] xref: FMA:74044 xref: UBERON:0003882 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0460 ! Hippocampus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2898 name: Hippocampus, CA3 def: "Part of hippocampus proper bounded by the hilus of the dentate gyrus and area CA2, characterized by large pyramidal cells and a dense projection from dentate gyrus granule cell mossy fibers." [UBERON: http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3] synonym: "CA3 field of hippocampus" RELATED [] synonym: "CA3 field of Ammon's horn" RELATED [] xref: FMA:74045 xref: UBERON:0003883 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0460 ! Hippocampus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2899 name: Parahippocampal cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2449 ! Hippocampal formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2900 name: Soft tissue perpheral nerve def: "Peripheral nerves are branching extensions of the peripheral nervous system. Large nerves originate from the spinal cord and through smaller and smaller branches end up at distal locations in various tissues throughout the body. Peripheral nerves appear as white fascicles bound together by connective tissue. Microscopically, transverse sections of a peripheral nerve show how endoneurial compartments containing axons and Schwann cells are surrounded by perineurium to form individual fascicles, which are embedded in epineural fibrous tissue. Most peripheral nerves contain a mixture of myelin and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Myelin is produced by Schwann cells, which account for 90% of nuclei found in peripheral nerves." [HPA] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0772 ! Peripheral nerve [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2901 name: Rectum fibroblast synonym: "rectum fibroblasts" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0362 ! Fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1180 ! Rectum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2902 name: Arcuate nucleus def: "The arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) is an aggregation of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus includes several important populations of neurons, including: Neuroendocrine neurons, Centrally-projecting neurons and Others." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "infundibular hypothalamic nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "arcuate periventricular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002473 xref: FMA:62329 xref: MESH:D001111 xref: UBERON:0001932 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2903 name: Dorsomedial nucleus def: "The Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, and body weight regulation." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsomedial nucleus of intermediate hypothalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsomedial nucleus of dorsal hypothalamus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002474 xref: FMA:62331 xref: MESH:D020645 xref: UBERON:0001934 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2904 name: Lateral hypothalamic area def: "The lateral hypothalamus or lateral hypothalamic area is a part of the hypothalamus. It is concerned with hunger. Damage to this area can cause reduced food intake. Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus causes a desire to eat, while stimulating the ventromedial hypothalamus causes a desire to stop eating." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "lateral group of hypothalamic nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral hypothalamic zone (Crosby)" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral hypothalamic region" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral division of hypothalamus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62030 xref: MESH:D007026 xref: UBERON:0002430 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2905 name: Mamillary body def: "A small, paired, spherical protuberance lying between the cerebral peduncles on the posterior portion of the hypothalamus, which functionally belongs to the medial limbic circuit." [NCIT:C33052] synonym: "mammillary body" RELATED [] xref: FMA:74877 xref: MESH:D008326 xref: UBERON:0002206 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2906 name: Paraventricular nucleus def: "Nucleus in the anterior part of the hypothalamus. One of the magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei, an elongated plate of large, deeply staining cells located close to the third ventricle in the anterior hypothalamic area; major source of oxytocin and to a lesser extent, of antidiuretic hormone, neurohormones, which are carried to the neurohypophysis along the paraventriculohypophysial tract." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:1407] synonym: "paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus " RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002476 xref: FMA:62320 xref: MESH:D010286 xref: UBERON:0001930 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2907 name: Supraoptic nucleus def: "The supraoptic nucleus is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain. The nucleus is situated at the base of the brain, adjacent to the optic chiasm." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002697 xref: FMA:62317 xref: MESH:D013495 xref: UBERON:0001929 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0469 ! Hypothalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2908 name: Area postrema def: "A small, rounded eminence on each side of the fourth ventricle, which receives nerve fibers from the solitary nucleus, spinal cord, and adjacent areas of the medulla. The area postrema lies outside the blood-brain barrier and its functions include acting as an emetic chemoreceptor." [UBERON:area_postrema] xref: BTO:0003425 xref: FMA:72607 xref: MESH:D031608 xref: UBERON:0002162 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2909 name: Cuneate nuclei def: "One of the dorsal column nuclei, the cuneate nucleus is a wedge-shaped nucleus in the closed part of the medulla oblongata. It contains cells that give rise to the cuneate tubercle, visible on the posterior aspect of the medulla. It lies laterally to the gracile nucleus and medial to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the medulla." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "cuneate nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "burdachs nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:68465 xref: UBERON:0002045 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2910 name: Lateral medullary reticular nucleus def: "A nucleus of the lateral medullary nuclear complex." [UBERON] synonym: "lateral reticular nucleus (medulla)" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral reticular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72574 xref: UBERON:0002154 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2911 name: Medial vestibular nucleus def: "The medial vestibular nucleus is one of the vestibular nuclei. It is located in the medulla oblongata. Lateral vestibulo-spinal tract (lateral vestibular nucleus 'Deiters')- via ventrolateral medulla and spinal cord to ventral funiculus (lumbo-sacral segments). Ipsilaterally for posture Medial vestibulo-spinal tract (medial, lateral, inferior, vestibular nuclei), bilateral projection via descending medial longitudinal fasciculus to cervical segments." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "chief vestibular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal vestibular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "triangular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus of Schwalbe" RELATED [] synonym: "Schwalbe's nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "principal vestibular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus triangularis" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004371 xref: FMA:54611 xref: UBERON:0001722 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2078 ! Vestibular nuclei [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2912 name: Inferior vestibular nucleus def: "The inferior vestibular nucleus is the vestibular nucleus which lies near the fourth ventricle." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "descending vestibular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal vestibular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004369 xref: FMA:54608 xref: UBERON:0001721 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2078 ! Vestibular nuclei [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2913 name: Peritrigeminal nucleus xref: FMA:72600 xref: UBERON:0002879 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2914 name: Motor hypoglossal nucleus def: "Nucleus forming a longitudinal cell column in the medulla, close beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle, containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the tongue ." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:2644] synonym: "hypoglossal nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "hypoglossal XII nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "hypoglossal nerve nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "motor hypoglossal nucleus of the twelfth cranial nerve" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54505 xref: UBERON:0002871 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2915 name: Nucleus ambiguus def: "A region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract This nucleus gives rise to the efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve terminating in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as to the efferent motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) terminating in the stylopharyngeus." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "ambiguus nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54588 xref: UBERON:0001719 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2916 name: Nucleus gracilis def: "Nucleus in the caudal medulla that receive projections primarily from ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion cells via the posterior column of the spinal cord." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:2643] synonym: "gracile nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72602 xref: UBERON:0002161 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2917 name: Nucleus raphe magnus def: "The nucleus raphe magnus, located directly rostral to the raphe obscurus, is afferently stimulated from axons in the spinal cord and cerebellum. This makes the magnus a likely candidate for part of the motor system; however, it seems to participate in the endogenous analgesia system. The magnus receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, parvocellular reticular nucleus and the prelimbic, infralimbic, medial and lateral precentral cortices . All of these brain areas influence the main function of the raphe magnus. The main function of the magnus is mostly pain mediation; in fact it sends projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to directly inhibit pain. The periaquiductal gray, the epicenter of analgesia, sends efferent connections to the nucleus raphe magnus in when it is stimulated by opiates (endogenous or otherwise). Electrical stimulation of the PAG produces analgesia, as well as administration of morphine to the PAG or n.r. magnus. The antinociceptic effects of electrical stimulation of the PAG can be blocked by administering naloxone, an opiate antagonist, to the n.r. magnus. All of this seems to indicate that the magnus is part of the endogenous opiate system, and acts to inhibit pain in the spinal cord." [UBERON:wikipedia] xref: FMA:72584 xref: UBERON:0002156 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2918 name: Nucleus raphe obscurus def: "The raphe obscurus projects to the cerebellar lobes VI and VII and to crus II along with the nucleus raphe pontis . This so called obscure nucleus has also been implicated in the modulation of the hypoglossal nerve. It has been observed that the ablation of this nucleus causes a change in the firing pattern in the XII nerve . In addition, the raphe obscurus mediates expiration via the inhibitory effect of serotonin and depresses periodic synaptic potentials . It has also been shown that this nucleus stimulates gastrointestinal motor function." [UBERIN:wikipedia] xref: FMA:72585 xref: UBERON:0002684 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2919 name: Nucleus raphe pallidus def: "The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus. Also, the pallidus receives afferents from the medial preoptic area, median preoptic nucleus and lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei . The pallidus has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of a fever as an immunoreaction. It has been implied that the preoptic area is constantly inhibiting the raphe pallidus, especially the rostral portion, with GABA. When the preoptic area receives immune signals from the body, the inhibition stops and the rostral portion of the raphe pallidus excites the intermediolateral cell column, which induces a fever . The raphe pallidus has also been known to mediate the tachycardia response, an extremely high heart rate known to be incited by emotional or psychological stress. Microinjections of a GABA-a antagonist into the raphe pallidus, induces an increased heart rate. Conversely, microinjections of muscimol, a GABA-a agonist, inhibit tachycardia in rats under air-stress stimuli. In both of these cases, GABA is mediating two different sympathetic responses, so clearly the nucleus raphe pallidus is a far more a complex nucleus than previously thought." [UBERON:wikipedia] xref: FMA:72586 xref: UBERON:0002157 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2920 name: Nucleus tractus solitarii def: "A neural nucleus that is part of the solitary tract nuclear complex. The solitary tract and nucleus are structures in the brainstem that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "nucleus of solitary tract" RELATED [] synonym: "solitary tract nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus of tractus solitarius" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus of the tractus solitarius" RELATED [] synonym: "solitary nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003963 xref: FMA:256691 xref: UBERON:0009050 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2921 name: Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus synonym: "nucleus prepositus" RELATED [] synonym: "prepositus nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72596 xref: UBERON:0002160 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2922 name: Spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal synonym: "caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal part" RELATED [] synonym: "caudal nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "caudal nucleus (kandell)" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72606 xref: MESH:D014275 xref: UBERON:0002866 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2077 ! Trigeminal nucleus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2923 name: Spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar synonym: "interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:235324 xref: UBERON:0002873 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2077 ! Trigeminal nucleus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2924 name: Parvicellular reticular nuclei def: "The parvocellular reticular nucleus is part of the brain located dorsolateral to the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. The dorsal portion of the reticular nucleus has been shown to innervate the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and its surrounding area. Also, it projects to the facial nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus and parabrachial nucleus along with parts of the caudal parvocellular reticular formation. This nucleus is also involved in expiration with a part of the gigantocellular nucleus." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "parvocellular reticular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "parvicellular reticular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72575 xref: UBERON:0016633 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2925 name: Parvicellular reticular nuclei, medullary relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2924 ! Parvicellular reticular nuclei [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2926 name: Ventrolateral medulla, A1/C1 cell groups synonym: "ventrolateral medulla, A1-C1 cell groups" RELATED [] def: "The ventrolateral medulla, part of the medulla oblongata of the brainstem, plays a major role in regulating arterial blood pressure and breathing. It regulates blood pressure by regulating the activity of the sympathetic nerves that target the heart and peripheral blood vessels.The ventrolateral medulla consists of a rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and a caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Neurons in the RVLM project directly to preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord and maintain tonic activity in the sympathetic vasomotor nerves. This activity is inhibited by GABA output from the CVLM." [wikipedia:Ventrolateral_medulla] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2927 name: Dorsal medullary reticular nucleus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2928 name: Ventral medullary reticular nucleus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2929 name: Median raphe nucleus def: "The median raphe nucleus (or superior central nucleus) is composed of polygonal, fusiform and pyriform neurons and exists rostral to the nucleus raphe pontis. One trait of the MRN is its inhibition by lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocin, two serotonin antagonist hallucinogens. The inactivation of the nucleus centralis superior via LSD produces a dose dependent inactivation in the MRN, but not in the raphe pallidus. The median raphe nucleus outputs target the hippocampus and are involved in long-term memory formation. Implicated in depression." [UBERON:wikipedia;HPA] synonym: "cell group b8" RELATED [] synonym: "medial raphe nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "median nucleus of the raphe" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72465 xref: UBERON:0003004 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0630 ! Midbrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2930 name: Red nucleus def: "Large round nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum, consisting of a magnocellular and parvicellular portion in most species studied. Involved in motor coordination." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:1478;HPA] synonym: "nucleus ruber" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62407 xref: MESH:D012012 xref: UBERON:0001947 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2537 ! Midbrain tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2931 name: Cuneiform nucleus xref: UBERON:0002696 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2537 ! Midbrain tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2932 name: Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus def: "The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, PPTN) is located in the brainstem, caudal to the substantia nigra and adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle. It is composed by a wide variety of neurochemical cell types, including cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic cells. In the classical sense, the PPN is considered to be one of the main components of the reticular activating system." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "peduncular pontine nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus pedunculopontinus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72429 xref: UBERON:0002142 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2537 ! Midbrain tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2933 name: Superior colliculus def: "Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:1040:wikipedia] synonym: "optic tectum" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior colliculus" RELATED [] synonym: "cranial colliculus" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior corpus quadrigeminum" RELATED [] synonym: "superior colliculi" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000965 xref: FMA:62403 xref: MESH:D013477 xref: UBERON:0001945 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0630 ! Midbrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2934 name: Inferior colliculus def: "Part of the midbrain tectum, consisting of paired predominantly gray matter elevations on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain, located caudal to the superior colliculus, dorsal to the periaqueductal gray of the cerebral aqueduct and rostral to the cerebellum. According to Neuronames, the inferior colliculus comprises the central, pericentral and external nucleus and two predominantly white matter structures, the brachium of the inferior colliculus and the commissure of the inferior colliculus." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:806 ] synonym: "posterior corpus quadrigeminum" RELATED [] synonym: "caudal colliculus" RELATED [] synonym: "inferior colliculus" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior colliculus" RELATED [] synonym: "inferior colliculi" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62404 xref: MESH:D007245 xref: UBERON:0001946 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0630 ! Midbrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2935 name: Periaquaductal grey def: "Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "periaqueductal gray" RELATED [] synonym: "periaqueductal gray" RELATED [] synonym: "periaquaductal grey" RELATED [] synonym: "periaqueductal grey substance" RELATED [] synonym: "periaqueductal grey matter" RELATED [] synonym: "midbrain periaqueductal grey" RELATED [] synonym: "periaqueductal gray of tegmentum" RELATED [] synonym: "central (periaqueductal) gray" RELATED [] synonym: "periaqueductal gray matter" RELATED [] synonym: "anulus of cerebral aqueduct" RELATED [] synonym: "central gray substance of midbrain" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002701 xref: FMA:74510 xref: UBERON:0003040 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2990 ! Gray matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2537 ! Midbrain tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2936 name: Periaquaductal grey, anterior relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2935 ! Periaquaductal grey [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2937 name: Periaquaductal grey, dorsal relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2935 ! Periaquaductal grey [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2938 name: Periaquaductal grey, lateral relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2935 ! Periaquaductal grey [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2939 name: Pretectal area def: "Nuclear complex between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum whose nuclei receive afferents primarily from the retina and the optic tectum and are involved in modulating motor behavior in response to visual input. The pretectal area, situated close to the forebrain, is part of the mediation of pupal reflexes and is indicated in the induction of REM sleep." [UBERON;HPA] synonym: "pretectal region" RELATED [] synonym: "pretectal nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "pretectum" RELATED [] synonym: "area pretectalis" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0001944 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0630 ! Midbrain [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2940 name: Anterior cochlear nucleus, ventral def: "The ventral cochlear nucleus (or anterior, or accessory), placed between the two divisions of the cochlear nerve, is on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. Composed of several regions of distinct cell types, this nucleus serves primarily as a relay station for ascending auditory information. Bushy cells in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), which receive end bulbs of held from auditory nerve fibers, project to the superior olivary complex through the trapezoid body and intermediate acoustic stria. Other cell types project to the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus directly." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "ventral cochlear nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior cochlear nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54621 xref: UBERON:0002828 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0093 ! Brain stem [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2941 name: Dorsal cochlear nucleus def: "The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the 'tuberculum acousticum'), is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus, it forms the cochlear nucleus, where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "posterior cochlear nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "tuberculum acousticum" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54624 xref: UBERON:0002829 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0093 ! Brain stem [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2942 name: Posteroventral cochlear nucleus synonym: "posterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72572 xref: UBERON:0002831 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2940 ! Anterior cochlear nucleus, ventral [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2943 name: Spinal trigeminal nucleus, oral synonym: "oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:235322 xref: UBERON:0002591 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2077 ! Trigeminal nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2944 name: Motor trigeminal nucleus def: "Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing cells that give rise to motor innervation of the jaw through the trigeminal nerve. It receives both crossed and uncrossed fibers from the cerebral cortex ." [UBERON:Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1996, pg 248] synonym: "motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "motor nucleus of cranial nerve v" RELATED [] synonym: "motor nucleus V" RELATED [] synonym: "trigeminal motor nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "trigeminal motor nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "trigeminal V motor nucleus" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0002633 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2077 ! Trigeminal nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2945 name: Principal sensory trigeminal nucleus def: "The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus of V) is a group of second order neurons which have cell bodies in the dorsal Pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons of CN V. Most of the sensory information crosses the midline and travels to the contralateral ventral posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Ventral Trigeminothalamic Tract, but information of the oral cavity travels to the ipsilateral Ventral Posteriomedial (VPM) of the thalamus via the Dorsal Trigeminothalamic Tract." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "chief sensory nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "main sensory nucleus of cranial nerve v" RELATED [] synonym: "main sensory nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "principal sensory nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "superior trigeminal nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "superior trigeminal sensory nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "trigeminal V principal sensory nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54533 xref: UBERON:0002597 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2077 ! Trigeminal nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2946 name: Dorsal tegmental nucleus synonym: "gudden nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus tegmentalis posterior" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior tegmental nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden" RELATED [] synonym: "von Gudden's nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal tegmental nucleus (Gudden)" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72434 xref: UBERON:0002143 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2537 ! Midbrain tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2947 name: Reticulotegmental nucleus def: "The tegmental pontine reticular nucleus (or pontine reticular nucleus of the tegmentum) is an area within the floor of the midbrain. This area is known to affect the cerebellum with its axonal projections. These efferent connections have been proven to project not only ipsilaterally, but also to decussate and project to the contralateral side of the vermis. It has also been shown that the projections from the tegmenti pontis to the cerebellar lobes are only crossed fibers. The n.r. tegmenti pontis also receives afferent axons from the cerebellum. This nucleus is known for its large amount of multipolar cells and its particularly reticular structure. The n.r. tegmenti pontis is topographically related to pontine nuclei (non-reticular), being just dorsal to them. The nucleus reticularis has been known to mediate eye movements, otherwise known as so-called saccadic movement. This makes sense concerning their connections as it would require a nucleus which receives and projects to the cerebellum to mediate that kind of complex circuitry. Also, behaviorally this makes sense as no one thinks about saccadic movements when scanning a room and the saccadic movements are not directly controlled by the cortex. The nuclei of the cerebellum are the most traditionally studied mostly because it is easy to see which nuclei degrade when the cerebellum is amputated. The neurons of the lateral reticular formation are very important for reflexes and the mediation of posture. It has been shown in cats that electrical stimulation of the reticular formation can make a standing cat lie down. Conversely if the cat is stimulated in an alternate spot it can make a lying cat stand." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "reticular tegmental nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "reticulotegmental nucleus of pons" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72471 xref: UBERON:0002147 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3061 ! Pontine reticular formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2948 name: Ventrolateral tegmental area, A5 NE cell group relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2949 name: Pontine nuclei def: "Nuclei in the basal pons, intermingled among the descending axons from the cortex, that receive neocrotcial input and give rise to many axons that cross the midline to enter the contralateral cerebellum." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:1516] synonym: "pontine nuclear group" RELATED [] synonym: "pontine gray" RELATED [] synonym: "pontine nuclear complex" RELATED [] synonym: "pontine nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003396 xref: FMA:72512 xref: UBERON:0002151 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3059 ! Basal part of pons [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2950 name: Pontine raphe nucleus def: "The pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei. It is located in the pontine tegmentum." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "raphe of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "raphe pontis" RELATED [] xref: FMA:68875 xref: UBERON:0002047 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2951 name: Reticular pontine nucleus, caudal def: "The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. In rabbits and cats it is exclusively giant cells, however in humans there are normally sized cells as well. The pontis caudalis is rostral to the gigantocellular nucleus and is located in the caudal pons, as the name would indicate. The pontis caudalis has been known to mediate head movement, in concert with the nucleus gigantocellularis and the superior colliculus. The neurons in the dorsal half of this nuclei fire rhythmically during mastication, and in an anesthetized animal it is possible to induce mastication via electrical stimulation of the PC or adjacent areas of the gigantocellular nucleus. The pontis caudalis is also thought to play a role in the grinding of teeth during sleep." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "caudal pontine reticular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72469 xref: UBERON:0002963 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3061 ! Pontine reticular formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2952 name: Reticular pontine nucleus, oral def: "The oral pontine reticular nucleus is delineated from its caudal brother, with which it shares its first three names. This nucleus tapers into the lower mesencephalic reticular formation and contains sporadic giant cells. Different populations of the pontis oralis have displayed discharge patterns which coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep. From this information it has been implied that the n.r. pontis oralis is involved in the mediation of changing to and from REM sleep." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "oral pontine reticular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "pontine reticular nucleus, rostral part" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72468 xref: UBERON:0002999 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3061 ! Pontine reticular formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2953 name: Superior olive def: "Part of the superior olivary complex of nuclei in the caudal pontine tegmentum, situated within the trapezoid body in humans." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:900 ] synonym: "primary superior olive" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0022434 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2954 name: Medial superior olivary nucleus def: "One of two subnuclei of the superior olive located within the caudal pontine tegmentum. Appears as a parasagittal row of transversely oriented bipolar neurons in transverse sections of human, with elongated somata in humans and other primates and large caliber dendrites." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:1682 ] synonym: "medial olivary nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "main superior olivary nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "superior olive medial part" RELATED [] synonym: "principal superior olivary nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "chief nucleus of superior olive" RELATED [] synonym: "superior olivary nucleus, medial part" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0002782 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2953 ! Superior olive [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2955 name: Medial periolivary nuclei relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2953 ! Superior olive [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2956 name: Ventral periolivary nuclei relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2953 ! Superior olive [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2957 name: Nuclei of the trapezoid body def: "A nucleus embedded within the fibers of the trapezoid body." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "nucleus of trapezoid body" RELATED [] synonym: "trapezoid nuclear complex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:84023 xref: UBERON:0007633 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2958 name: Subcoeruleus area synonym: "nucleus subceruleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72479 xref: UBERON:0002587 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2960 name: Kolliker-Fuse nucleus def: "One of the nucleus of the parabrachial area. One of three or four components of the parabrachial nuclei in the functional segmentation of the pontine tegmentum of the human, the macaque, the rat, and the mouse. It is located ventral to the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons at the junction of two other components, the medial parabrachial nucleus and the lateral parabrachial nucleus. It is part of the respiratory center. Commonly referred to as the 'nucleus of Kolliker-Fuse', it was not always regarded as part of the parabrachial nuclei; classically they included only the medial and lateral nuclei." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/Default.aspx] synonym: "diffuse reticular nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "subparabrachial nucleus" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0002869 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0813 ! Pons [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2961 name: Lateral lemniscal nuclei def: "The term nuclei of the lateral lemniscus refers to groups of cells located within or adjacent to the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum. In the human and the macaque they include a dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and a ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Some authors identify also a frontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the human; it is located more rostrally at the level of the red nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum. In the rat and the mouse the structures include, between the dorsal and ventral nuclei, a narrow horizontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Some authors subdivide the ventral nucleus of the rat and the mouse into an intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and a ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Functionally the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus are part of the subcortical auditory system." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/Default.aspx:1158] synonym: "nuclei of the lateral lemniscus" RELATED [] synonym: "paralemniscal nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:77486 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2962 name: Lateral parabrachial nucleus def: "One of the nucleus of the parabrachial area. The lateral parabrachial nucleus induces thirst by stimulating the median preoptic nucleus. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva." [UBERON:wikipedia] xref: FMA:72481 xref: UBERON:0003007 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3061 ! Pontine reticular formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2963 name: Medial parabrachial nucleus def: "One of the nucleus of the parabrachial area. The medial parabrachial nucleus is a nucleus of the pons which constitutes part of the pneumotaxic center. It gets its name from its location relative to the superior cerebellar peduncles, which is also known as the 'brachia conjunctiva'." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "parabrachial nucleus, medial part" RELATED [] synonym: "parabrachial nucleus, medial division" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72480 xref: UBERON:0002918 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3061 ! Pontine reticular formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2964 name: Lateral vestibular nucleus def: "The lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters's nucleus) is the continuation upward and lateralward of the principal nucleus, and in it terminate many of the ascending branches of the vestibular nerve." [wikipedia:Lateral_vestibular_nucleus] synonym: "Deiter's nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral nucleus of Deiters" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus of Deiters" RELATED [] synonym: "Deiters' nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004370 xref: FMA:54614 xref: MESH:D003689 xref: UBERON:0007230 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2078 ! Vestibular nuclei [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2965 name: Motor facial nucleus def: "Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the face. Some neurons that project to the cerebellum have also been identified in some species." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:903] synonym: "facial motor nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "branchiomotor nucleus of facial nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "motor nucleus of facial nerve" RELATED [] synonym: "facial nerve motor nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "motor nucleus of VII" RELATED [] synonym: "motor nucleus VII" RELATED [] xref: FMA:54582 xref: UBERON:0003011 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2966 name: Paramedian reticular nucleus def: " The term paramedian reticular nuclei refers to collections of cells within and bordering the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the medulla lateral to the nucleus raphe obscurus of the medullary reticular formation in the human, the macaque, the rat, and the mous. Some authors divide the nuclei of the human into three subnuclei: the dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus, the accessory paramedian reticular nucleus, and the ventral paramedian reticular nucleus. Functionally they belong to the postcerebellar and precerebellar nuclei of the behavior control column." [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/Default.aspx:734] synonym: "ventral paramedian reticular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72583 xref: UBERON:0007764 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3061 ! Pontine reticular formation [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2967 name: Ventromedial nucleus synonym: "ventromedial thalamic nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:2000459 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2048 ! Subthalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2968 name: Zona incerta def: "The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter cells in the subthalamus below the thalamus. Its connections project extensively over the brain from the cerebral cortex down into the spinal cord. Its function is unknown though several have been proposed related to 'limbic-motor integration' such as controlling visceral activity and pain; gating sensory input and synchronizing cortical and subcortical brain rhythms. Its dysfunction may play a role in central pain syndrome. It is also been identified as a promising deep brain stimulation therapy target for treating Parkinsons Disease." [UBERON:wikipedia] xref: BTO:0003146 xref: FMA:62038 xref: MESH:D065820 xref: UBERON:0001907 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2048 ! Subthalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2969 name: Anterior thalamic nucleus, ventral def: "The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral anterior thalamic nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventroanterior thalamic nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventroanterior nucleus of the thalamus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002468 xref: FMA:62184 xref: UBERON:0002637 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2970 name: Centromedial thalamic nucleus def: "A small cell group in the interthalamic adhesion of the thalamus that occupy the midline region of the internal medullary lamina, between the left and right paracentral nuclei." [UBERON:MP] synonym: "central medial nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "central medial nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62171 xref: UBERON:0001923 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2971 name: Medial dorsal thalamic nucleus def: "The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. It receives inputs from the pre-frontal cortex and the limbic system and in turn relays them to the pre-frontal association cortex. As a result, it plays a crucial role in attention, planning, organization, abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory. The connections of the medial dorsal nucleus have even been used to delineate the prefrontal cortex of the Göttingen minipig brain. By stereology the number of brain cells in the region has been estimated to around 6.43 million neurons in the adult human brain and 36.3 million glial cells, and with the newborn having quite different numbers: around 11.2 million neurons and 10.6 million glial cells. Lesions of the medial dorsal nucleus have been associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "mediodorsal thalamic nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002453 xref: FMA:62156 xref: MESH:D020645 xref: UBERON:0002739 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2972 name: Posterior thalamic nucleus def: "The posterior thalamic nucleus is a higher-order somatosensory nucleus responsible for information processing and transfer across cortical and subcortical regions. A transitional diencephalic zone of the thalamus consisting of complex and varied cells lying caudal to the ventral posterolateral nucleus, medial to the rostral part of the pulvinar, and dorsal to the medial geniculate body. It contains the limitans, posterior, suprageniculate, and submedial nuclei." [MESH:PMID: 28331010] synonym: "posterior nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62221 xref: MESH:D020656 xref: UBERON:0003030 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2973 name: Pulvinar def: "One of a set of nuclei located in the posterior thalamus, that projects to all or nearly all extra-striate visual areas." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:824] synonym: "pulvinar nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "pulvinar thalami" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004352 xref: FMA:62178 xref: MESH:D020649 xref: UBERON:0002981 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2028 ! Lateral thalamic nuclei [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2974 name: Ventral thalamic nuclei def: "Nuclei in the ventral part of the thalamus, involved in modulating activity of dorsal thalamic nuclei." [UBERON:https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A0471888893] synonym: "ventral nuclear group" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002467 xref: FMA:62022 xref: MESH:D020651 xref: UBERON:0002776 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2975 name: Habenula def: "A segment of the epithalamus that has as its parts the habenular nuclei and the habenular commissure." [UBERON: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA:62032] synonym: "habenula complex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003684 xref: FMA:62032 xref: MESH:D019262 xref: UBERON:0001904 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2060 ! Epithalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2976 name: Lateral geniculate body def: "The group of neurons that serve as the primary processor of visual information received from the retina via the optic tract and send processed information to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe." [UBERON: MP:0004165 https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A0-683-40008-8] synonym: "lateral geniculate complex" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral geniculate nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004367 xref: FMA:62209 xref: UBERON:0001926 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2977 name: Medial geniculate body def: "Nuclear complex of the thalamus situated on the caudal, subpial aspect of the thalamus." [UBERON:BIRNLEX:1670] synonym: "medial geniculate nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "medial geniculate nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "medial geniculate complex" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002674 xref: FMA:62211 xref: UBERON:0001927 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2978 name: Nucleus reuniens def: "The nucleus reuniens is a component of the thalamic midline nuclear group. In the human brain, it is located in the interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia). The nucleus reuniens receives afferent input from a large number of structures, mainly from limbic and limbic-associated structures. It sends projections to the medial prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the entorhinal cortex, although there exist sparse connections to many of the afferent structures as well. The prefrontal cortical-hippocampal connection allows it to regulate neural traffic between them with changes in attentiveness, as well as contribute to associative learning, spatial route planning, resilience to stress and memory generalization." [wikipedia:Nucleus_reuniens] synonym: "reuniens nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "reuniens thalamic nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "medioventral nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002459 xref: FMA:62153 xref: UBERON:0001921 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2979 name: Nucleus rhomboideus synonym: "rhomboidal nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "rhomboid thalamic nucleus" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002458 xref: FMA:62154 xref: UBERON:0002955 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2980 name: Ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus def: "The ventral posterolateral nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus. Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus it constitutes the ventral posterior nucleus." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "ventral posterolateral nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62200 xref: UBERON:0002942 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2981 name: Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus def: "The ventral posteromedial nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "posteromedial ventral nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "arcuate nucleus-3" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "arcuate nucleus of thalamus" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "thalamic gustatory nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:62202 xref: UBERON:0002945 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1031 ! Thalamus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2982 name: Cervical spinal cord synonym: "cervical segment of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8]" RELATED [] xref: FMA:71166 xref: UBERON:0002726 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0953 ! Spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2983 name: Spinal cord grey matter def: "The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue." [UBERON] synonym: "Spinal cord gray matter" RELATED [] synonym: "gray matter of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "gray substance of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "grey matter of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "grey substance of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal cord grey substance" RELATED [] synonym: "substantia grisea medullae spinalis" RELATED [] xref: FMA:256580 xref: UBERON:0002315 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2990 ! Gray matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0953 ! Spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2984 name: Dorsal horn of spinal cord def: "The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord. The dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input." [UBERON:MP:GO:wikipedia] synonym: "dorsal gray horn" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal cord posterior horn" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal gray matter of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal horn spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "columna grisea posterior medullae spinalis" RELATED [] synonym: "cornu posterius medullae spinalis" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal gray column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal grey column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior gray column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior gray horn of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior grey column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior horn of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal cord dorsal horn" RELATED [] xref: FMA:256530 xref: UBERON:0002256 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2983 ! Spinal cord grey matter [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2985 name: Ventral horn of spinal cord def: "The ventral grey column of the spinal cord. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output." [UBERON:MP:GO] synonym: "anterior gray column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior gray horn of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior grey column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior horn" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal cord anterior horn" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal cord ventral horn" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral gray column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral gray matter of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral grey column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral grey horn" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral horn spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral region of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral spinal cord" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0005151 xref: FMA:256541 xref: UBERON:0002257 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2983 ! Spinal cord grey matter [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2986 name: Lateral horn of spinal cord def: "A triangular field that is a lateralward projection of the postero-lateral part of the anterior column." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "intermediate gray column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral gray column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral gray horn" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral gray matter of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal cord intermediate horn" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal cord lateral horn" RELATED [] xref: FMA:256536 xref: UBERON:0004676 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2983 ! Spinal cord grey matter [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2987 name: Cervical spinal cord, central gray relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2986 ! Lateral horn of spinal cord relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2982 ! Cervical spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2988 name: Cervical spinal cord, dorsal horn def: "A dorsal horn of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord." [obo:automatic] synonym: "cervical spinal cord dorsal horn" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0014620 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2984 ! Dorsal horn of spinal cord relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2982 ! Cervical spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2989 name: Cervical spinal cord, ventral horn def: "A ventral horn of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord." [obo:automatic] synonym: "cervical spinal cord ventral horn" RELATED [] xref: UBERON:0014621 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2985 ! Ventral horn of spinal cord relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2982 ! Cervical spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2990 name: Gray matter def: "A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "grey matter" RELATED [] xref: FMA:67242 xref: UBERON:0002020 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0150 ! Central nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2991 name: Postcentral gyrus, dorsal synonym: "dorsal part of postcentral gyrus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal postcentral gyrus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:70692 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2640 ! Postcentral gyrus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2992 name: Olfactory tubercle def: "The olfactory tubercle (OT), also known as the tuberculum olfactorium, is a multi-sensory processing center that is contained within the olfactory cortex and ventral striatum and plays a role in reward cognition. The OT has also been shown to play a role in locomotor and attentional behaviors, particularly in relation to social and sensory responsiveness, and it may be necessary for behavioral flexibility. The OT is interconnected with numerous brain regions, especially the sensory, arousal, and reward centers, thus making it a potentially critical interface between processing of sensory information and the subsequent behavioral responses." [Wikipedia:Olfactory_tubercle] xref: BTO:0001869 xref: UBERON:0001883 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2881 ! Olfactory cortex relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2993 name: Genu of corpus callosum def: "The front part of the corpus callosum, towards the frontal lobes is called the genu." [wikipedia:Corpus_callosum] synonym: "corpus callosum genu" RELATED [] synonym: "genu of corpus callosum, white matter" RELATED [] synonym: "corpus callosum, genu (white matter)" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61946 xref: UBERON:0015599 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0180 ! Corpus callosum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2994 name: Gastric mucus-secreting cell synonym: "Gastric mucus-secreting cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1284 ! Stomach glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2995 name: Splenium of the corpus callosum def: "The posterior end of the corpus callosum. It overlaps the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle and the mid-brain, and ends in a thick, convex, free border." [wikipedia:Corpus_callosum] synonym: "corpus callosum splenium" RELATED [] synonym: "corpus callosum, splenium" RELATED [] synonym: "Corpus callosum, splenium (white matter)" RELATED [] synonym: "corpus callosum, splenium, white matter" RELATED [] synonym: "splenium of corpus callosum, white matter" RELATED [] xref: FMA:61948 xref: UBERON:0015708 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0180 ! Corpus callosum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2996 name: Temporal cortex (white matter) synonym: "white matter of temporal cortex" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2689 ! Temporal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2997 name: Ventral funiculus of spinal cord def: "The white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the ventral median fissure and the ventral roots of the spinal nerves." [UBERON: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventral+funiculus] synonym: "anterior funiculus of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral funiculus" RELATED [] synonym: "anterior white column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral white column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "Anterior funiculus (white matter)" RELATED [] xref: FMA:74003 xref: UBERON:0002180 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2998 ! White matter of spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2998 name: White matter of spinal cord def: "The regions of the spinal cord that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites." [UBERON:MP:0008027] synonym: "white substance of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "spinal cord white matter" RELATED [] xref: FMA:83945 xref: UBERON:0002318 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0953 ! Spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-2999 name: White matter def: "Neural tissue consisting of myelinated axons connecting grey matter areas of the central nervous system." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "white substance" RELATED [] synonym: "white matter of neuraxis" RELATED [] synonym: "neuronal white matter" RELATED [] synonym: "CNS tract/commissure" RELATED [] xref: FMA:83929 xref: UBERON:0002316 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0150 ! Central nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3000 name: Dorsal funiculus of spinal cord def: "The white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the posterior median sulcus and the dorsal root." [UBERON:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dorsal+funiculus] synonym: "dorsal funiculus (white matter)" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior funiculus of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal white column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "posterior white column of spinal cord" RELATED [] xref: FMA:77461 xref: UBERON:0002258 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2998 ! White matter of spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3001 name: Lateral funiculus of spinal cord def: "The lateral mass of fibers on either side of the spinal cord, between the anterolateral and posterolateral sulci." [UBERON:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lateral+funiculus] synonym: "lateral funiculus (white matter)" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral white column of spinal cord" RELATED [] synonym: "lateral funiculus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:74000 xref: UBERON:0002179 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2998 ! White matter of spinal cord [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3002 name: Pulmonary ionocyte def: "An ionocyte that is part of the lung epithelium. The cells from this type are major sources of the CFTR protein in human and mice. Ionocytes correspond to one percent of all cells in the respiratory epithelium. They maintain an optimal ion concentration in the apical surface fluid essential for cilia motility." [CL:pulmonary_ionocyte;HPA] synonym: "ionocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "ionocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "pulmonary ionocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:0017000 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0568 ! Lung [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3003 name: Occipital cortex (white matter) synonym: "white matter of occipital cortex" RELATED [] xref: FMA:256188 xref: UBERON:0016535 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2691 ! Occipital cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3004 name: Temporal white matter synonym: "white matter of temporal lobe" RELATED [] xref: FMA:256186 xref: UBERON:0016534 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1020 ! Temporal lobe [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3005 name: Temporoparietal junction def: "An area of the brain that locates at the interception of temporal and parietal cortices (at the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure)." [UBERON: NLX:144255 ] xref: UBERON:0023852 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0091 ! Cerebral cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3006 name: Parieto-temporal junction (white matter) is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3005 ! Temporoparietal junction [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3007 name: Parahippocampal cortex (white matter) is_a: CALOHA:TS-2999 ! White matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2899 ! Parahippocampal cortex [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3008 name: Plasma cells def: "A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin." [CL:0000786] synonym: "plasma B-cell" RELATED [] synonym: "plasma cell" RELATED [] synonym: "plasma B cell" RELATED [] synonym: "plasmocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "plasmacyte" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000392 xref: CL:0000786 xref: FMA:70574 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0068 ! B-cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3009 name: Enteroendocrine cell def: "An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. Enteroendocrine cells are spread out in the epithelium of the intestines, including the colon and rectum. These cells secrete to the blood numerous hormones (proteins) that in other organs regulate digestive functions such as the release of digestive enzymes and blood sugar balance." [CL:0000164;HPA] synonym: "enteroendocrine cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0003865 xref: CL:0000164 xref: FMA:62930 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2741 ! Endocrine cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3010 name: Theca cell def: "A flattened stroma cell forming a sheath or theca outside the basal lamina lining the mature ovarian follicle. Thecal interstitial or stromal cells are steroidogenic, and produce primarily androgens which serve as precusors of estrogens in the granulosa cells. Theca cells are hormone-producing endocrine cells that are located around the developing oocyte in the ovary. Most follicles that undergo development will undergo atresia, as will the Theca cells of those follicles. Theca cells from ovulating follicles though will transform into luteinized theca cells which are part of the corpus lutheum." [MeSH:D013799;HPA] synonym: "theca cells" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002850 xref: CL:0000503 xref: FMA:18690 xref: MESH:D013799 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2741 ! Endocrine cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1246 ! Ovarian stroma [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3011 name: Basal respiratory cell def: "A basal cell in the respiratory tract. Basal cells are small stem cells located in the basal part of the respiratory epithelium. They differentiate into the other cell types when the epithelium is injured, thereby restoring the epithelium." [CL:0002633;HPA] synonym: "basal respiratory cells" RELATED [] synonym: "airway basal cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0002633 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3012 ! Respiratory epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3012 name: Respiratory epithelial cell def: "An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract." [CL:0002368] synonym: "airway epithelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "respiratory system epithelial cell" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0004533 xref: CL:0002368 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0023 ! Airway epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3013 name: Respiratory ciliated cell def: "Ciliated cells with motile cilia found in the respiratory epithelium lining the bronchi and bronchioles. They help free the airways from inhaled contaminants." [HPA] synonym: "respiratory ciliated cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-3012 ! Respiratory epithelial cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2730 ! Ciliated epithelial cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3014 name: Distal enterocyte def: "Distal enterocytes are enterocytes located in the colon and rectum. These cells facilitate the uptake of nutrients from the intestinal lumen. An example of a protein with elevated expression in distal enterocytes is glycoprotein A33 (GPA33), which is involved in cell-cell signaling and observed in 95% of colon cancers." [HPA] synonym: "distal enterocytes" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2725 ! Enterocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2105 ! Large intestine epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3015 name: Proximal enterocyte def: "Proximal enterocytes are simple columnar epithelial cells in the small intestine. They have the same function as distal enterocytes, namely the uptake of nutrients from the intestinal tract." [HPA] synonym: "proximal enterocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "small intestine enterocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "small intestine enterocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000334 xref: FMA:263086 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2725 ! Enterocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2104 ! Small intestine epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3016 name: Endometrial ciliated cell def: "Ciliated cell from the endometrium. Endometrial ciliated cells line the inside of the uterus. Their cilia help move the mucus from the glandular tissue." [HPA] synonym: "endometrial ciliated cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2730 ! Ciliated epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0276 ! Endometrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3017 name: Goblet cell def: "A glandular epithelial cell or a unicellular gland. Goblet cells secrete mucus. They are scattered in the epithelial linings of many organs, especially the small intestine and the respiratory tract." [MeSH:D020397] xref: BTO:0001540 xref: CL:0000160 xref: FMA:13148 xref: MESH:D020397 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2085 ! Glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3018 name: Colon fibroblast synonym: "colon fibroblasts" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0362 ! Fibroblast relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0158 ! Colon [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3019 name: Glandular and luminal cells def: "Glandular and luminal cells found in the epithelial endometrium. Endometrial glandular and luminal cells line the inside glandular mucosa (endometrium) of the uterus. During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, endometrial glands, stroma and vascular endothelium all proliferate leading to an increased volume of the endometrium. The glands are lined by mucus-producing glandular cells with interspersed ciliated cells, and luminal cells line the epithelium outside of the glands." [HPA] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2026 ! Epithelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0276 ! Endometrium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3020 name: Excitatory neuron def: "The signaling in neurons can be inhibitory or excitatory where the signal is driven by a membranous voltage gradient called action potential that generates a pulse that travels through the axon into the synapses. Excitatory neurons are commonly refer as to cells that release glutamate." [HPA;wikipedia:adapted] synonym: "excitatory neurons" RELATED [] xref: CL:0008030 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3021 name: Inhibitory neuron def: "The signaling in neurons can be inhibitory or excitatory where the signal is driven by a membranous voltage gradient called action potential that generates a pulse that travels through the axon into the synapses. Inhibitory neurons are commonly refer as to cells that release GABA." [HPA;wikipedia:adapted] synonym: "inhibitory neurons" RELATED [] xref: CL:0008029 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0683 ! Neuron [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3023 name: Small intestine goblet cell def: "A goblet cell that is part of the small intestine." [:] synonym: "small intestine goblet cells" RELATED [] synonym: "goblet cell of epithelium of small intestine" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000495 xref: FMA:86929 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2727 ! Intestinal goblet cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-1286 ! Small intestine glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3024 name: Duodenum goblet cell def: "A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of duodenum." [GOC:tfm] synonym: "duodenum goblet cells" RELATED [] synonym: "duodenal goblet cell" RELATED [] synonym: "goblet cell of epithelium proper of duodenum" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000324 xref: FMA:263063 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3023 ! Small intestine goblet cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-1275 ! Duodenum glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3025 name: Large intestine goblet cell def: "A goblet cell that is part of the large intestine." [ GOC:tfm] synonym: "large intestine goblet cells" RELATED [] synonym: "goblet cell of epithelium of large intestine" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000320 xref: FMA:263054 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2727 ! Intestinal goblet cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2726 ! Large intestine glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3026 name: Appendix goblet cell def: "A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of appendix." [GOC:tfm] synonym: "appendix goblet cells" RELATED [] synonym: "goblet cell of epithelium proper of appendix" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000327 xref: FMA:263069 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1271 ! Appendix glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-3025 ! Large intestine goblet cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3027 name: Colon goblet cell def: "A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of colon." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "colon goblet cells" RELATED [] synonym: "goblet cell of colon" RELATED [] xref: CL:0009039 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1274 ! Colon glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-3025 ! Large intestine goblet cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3028 name: Rectum goblet cell def: "A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of rectum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "rectum goblet cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1281 ! Rectum glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-3025 ! Large intestine goblet cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3022 name: Basal squamous epithelial cell def: "Basal squamous epithelial cells are stem cells in the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelia, found in proximal digestive tissues such as the esophagus. They are highly proliferative and responsible for the renewal of the layers of squamous epithelial cells above." [HPA] synonym: "basal squamous epithelial cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1249 ! Squamous cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3029 name: Small intestine enteroendocrine cell def: "An enteroendocrine cell that is located in duodenum." [CL:0009006] synonym: "small intestine endocrine cells" RELATED [] synonym: "enteroendocrine cell of small intestine" RELATED [] synonym: "small intestine endocrine cell" RELATED [] xref: CL:0009006 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2739 ! Intestinal enteroendocrine cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-1286 ! Small intestine glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3030 name: Duodenum enteroendocrine cell def: "An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "duodenum endocrine cell" RELATED [] synonym: "duodenum endocrine cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-3029 ! Small intestine enteroendocrine cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-1275 ! Duodenum glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3031 name: Appendix enterondocrine cell def: "An intestinal enteroendocrine cell that is located in a vermiform appendix." [CL:0009030] synonym: "appendix endocrine cells" RELATED [] synonym: "enteroendocrine cell of appendix" RELATED [] xref: CL:0009030 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1271 ! Appendix glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2739 ! Intestinal enteroendocrine cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3032 name: Colon enteroendocrine cell def: "An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon." [CL:0009042] synonym: "colon endocrine cells" RELATED [] synonym: "enteroendocrine cell of colon" RELATED [] xref: CL:0009042 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1274 ! Colon glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2739 ! Intestinal enteroendocrine cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3033 name: Rectum enterondocrine cell def: "An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the rectum." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "rectum endocrine cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1281 ! Rectum glandular cell is_a: CALOHA:TS-2739 ! Intestinal enteroendocrine cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3034 name: Small intestine enterocyte (microvilli) synonym: "small intestine enterocytes - microvilli" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3015 ! Proximal enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3035 name: Duodenum enterocyte def: "An enterocyte that is part of the epithelium proper of duodenum." [GOC:tfm] synonym: "duodenal enterocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "enterocyte of epithelium proper of duodenum" RELATED [] synonym: "duodenum enterocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000340 xref: FMA:263098 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3015 ! Proximal enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3036 name: Duodenum enterocyte (microvilli) synonym: "duodenum enterocytes - microvilli" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3035 ! Duodenum enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3037 name: Appendix enterocyte def: "An enterocyte that is a part of a vermiform appendix." [CL:0009026] synonym: "enterocyte of appendix" RELATED [] synonym: "appendix enterocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:0009026 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3014 ! Distal enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3038 name: Appendix enterocyte (microvilli) synonym: "Appendix enterocytes - microvilli" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3037 ! Appendix enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3039 name: Colon enterocyte def: "A columnar cell of the colon that is part of the colonic epithelium." [GOC:tfm] synonym: "enterocyte of colon" RELATED [] synonym: "colon enterocytes" RELATED [] xref: CL:1000347 is_a: CALOHA:TS-3014 ! Distal enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3040 name: Colon enterocyte (microvilli) synonym: "Colon enterocytes - microvilli" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3039 ! Colon enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3041 name: Rectum enterocyte synonym: "rectum enterocytes" RELATED [] synonym: "rectal enterocyte" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-3014 ! Distal enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3042 name: Rectum enterocyte (microvilli) synonym: "rectum enterocytes - microvilli" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3041 ! Rectum enterocyte [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3043 name: Appendix lymphoid cell def: "Lymphoid cell located in the appendix." [neXtProt:PDR] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1238 ! Lymphoid cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1268 ! Appendix lymphoid tissue [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3044 name: Appendix germinal center cell def: "The germinal center or reaction center is the activated center of a lymphoid follicle in secondary lymphoid tissue where B-lymphocytes are stimulated by antigens and helper T cells (T-lymphocytes, helper-inducer) to generate memory cells. Here, the germinal center of a appendix." [MeSH:germinal_center;neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "appendix germinal center cells" RELATED [] synonym: "appendix germinal center" RELATED [] synonym: "appendix reaction center" RELATED [] synonym: "appendix reaction center cells" RELATED [] synonym: "appendix reaction centre" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-3043 ! Appendix lymphoid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3045 name: Appendix nongerminal center cell def: "Lymphoid cells outside the reaction centra of appendix." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "appendix non-germinal center cells" RELATED [] synonym: "appendix nongerminal center" RELATED [] synonym: "appendix nongerminal center cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-3043 ! Appendix lymphoid cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3046 name: Colon mucosal lymphoid cell synonym: "colon mucosal lymphoid cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1238 ! Lymphoid cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0164 ! Colon mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3047 name: Rectum mucosal lymphoid cell synonym: "rectum mucosal lymphoid cells" RELATED [] synonym: "rectal mucosal lymphoid cell" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1238 ! Lymphoid cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2107 ! Rectum mucosa [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3048 name: Duodenal gland def: "A compound tubular submucosal gland found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of Oddi). The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)." [wikipedia:Brunner's_glands] synonym: "duodenum glands of Brunner" RELATED [] synonym: "Brunner's gland" RELATED [] synonym: "submucosal gland of duodenum" RELATED [] synonym: "gland of Brunner" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002376 xref: FMA:15060 xref: MESH:D002011 xref: UBERON:0001212 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0214 ! Duodenum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3049 name: Rectum nerve tissue def: "Ganglia and peripheral neves found in the rectum. Ganglia and postsynaptic neurons of the enteric nervous system are located in the lamina propia, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, and subserosa of the alimentary canal from the esophagus to the anus. The neurons of the enteric nervous system are collected into two types of ganglia: myenteric (Auerbach's) and submucosal (Meissner's) plexuses. Myenteric plexuses are located between the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa, while submucosal plexuses are located in the submucosa. In the colon, ganglion cells are found within the submucosa and muscularis externa." [HPA:Rectum;Wikipedia:Enteric_nervous_system;ISBN:978-0781750561] synonym: "rectum nervous tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "rectum neural tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "rectum peripheral nerve/ganglion" RELATED [] synonym: "rectal nervous tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "rectal neural tissue" RELATED [] synonym: "rectal peripheral nerve/ganglion" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1180 ! Rectum relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2093 ! Enteric nervous system [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3050 name: Stratum granulosum def: "The layer of flattened cells containing basophilic granules of keratohyalin and lying just above the stratum spinosum (spiny layer) of the epidermis." [UBERON:https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A0-683-40008-8 MP:0001239] synonym: "stratum granulosum of epidermis" RELATED [] synonym: "granular layer of epidermis" RELATED [] synonym: "stratum granulosum epidermidis" RELATED [] synonym: "epidermis stratum granulosum" RELATED [] synonym: "skin cells in granular layer" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0000361 xref: FMA:70344 xref: UBERON:0002069 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0283 ! Epidermis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3051 name: Arrector pili muscle def: "A tiny smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle with the dermis." [UBERON] synonym: "arrector muscle of hair" RELATED [] synonym: "skin arrector pili muscle cells" RELATED [] synonym: "arrector pilorum" RELATED [] synonym: "arrector pili smooth muscle" RELATED [] synonym: "arrector pilli muscle of hair" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0005132 xref: FMA:67821 xref: UBERON:0002033 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle tissue relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2076 ! Dermis [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3052 name: Eccrine glands def: "Eccrine sweat glands (sometimes called merocrine glands) are the major sweat glands of the human body, found in virtually all skin, with the highest density in palm and soles, then on the head, but much less on the torso and the extremities." [wikipedia:Eccrine_sweat_gland] synonym: "eccrine sweat gland" RELATED [] synonym: "skin eccrine glands" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0002323 xref: FMA:59154 xref: MESH:D004439 xref: UBERON:0000423 is_a: CALOHA:TS-0993 ! Sweat gland [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3053 name: Mural cells def: "Mural cells are the vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes of the circulation of the blood in the microvessels within organ tissues. Both types are in close contact with the endothelial cells lining the capillaries, and are important for vascular development and stability. Mural cells are involved in the formation of normal vasculature and are responsive to factors including platelet-derived growth factor B and vascular endothelial growth factor." [wikipedia:Mural_cell] synonym: "vascular mural cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0008034 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2006 ! Capillary [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3054 name: Skin extracellular matrix def: "The extracellular matrix is a network of fibers that hold cells together. It is found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. It is broken down during normal physiological and disease processes such as bone remodeling, embryogenesis, cancer, and arthritis. Here it refers to the extracellular matrix localized at the skin." [NCIT:C13232] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3055 name: Skin lymphocyte def: "Lymphocytes found in the skin." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "skin lymphocytes" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-0583 ! Lymphocyte relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3056 name: Skin mural cells def: "Mural cells found in the skin." [neXtProt:PDR] synonym: "skin mural cell" RELATED [] synonym: "skin vascular mural cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-3053 ! Mural cells relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3057 name: Locus ceruleus def: "The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID]." [GO:0021703;wikipedia:Locus_ceruleus:UBERON] synonym: "locus coeruleus" RELATED [] synonym: "caerulean nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "locus caeruleus" RELATED [] synonym: "locus coeruleu" RELATED [] synonym: "locus coeruleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus caeruleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus of locus caeruleus" RELATED [] synonym: "nucleus pigmentosus pontis" RELATED [] synonym: "substantia ferruginea" RELATED [] xref: BTO:0001408 xref: FMA:72478 xref: MESH:D008125 xref: UBERON:0002148 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3058 name: Pontine tegmentum def: "Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nerve nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla." [UBERON: BIRNLEX:923] synonym: "pontine tegmentum (dorsal)" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal pons" RELATED [] synonym: "tegmental portion of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsal portion of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "tegmentum pontis" RELATED [] synonym: "tegmentum of pons" RELATED [] xref: FMA:71108 xref: UBERON:0003023 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0813 ! Pons [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3059 name: Basal part of pons def: "Ventral subdivision of the pons which consists of the massive pontine pertuberance on pontine ventral surface." [FMA:72244] synonym: "basilar (ventral) part of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "basal portion of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "basilar part of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral portion of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "base of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "ventral pons" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72244 xref: UBERON:0002567 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0813 ! Pons [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3060 name: Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus def: "The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (or lateroposterior tegmental nucleus) is a nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus may be involved in modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses, and also in the generation of REM sleep (along with the pedunculopontine nucleus)" [wikipedia:Laterodorsal_tegmental_nucleus] synonym: "laterodorsal tegmental nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsolateral tegmental area" RELATED [] synonym: "dorsolateral tegmental nucleus" RELATED [] synonym: "lateroposterior tegmental nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:77654 xref: UBERON:0002267 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3061 name: Pontine reticular formation def: "The reticular formation is a part of the brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/sleeping cycle, and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli. It is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms, and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain." [UBERON:wikipedia] synonym: "reticular formation of pons" RELATED [] synonym: "pons reticular formation" RELATED [] synonym: "pontine reticular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:68876 xref: UBERON:0002573 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3058 ! Pontine tegmentum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3062 name: Cerebellar nuclear complex def: "The gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei." [UBERON:wikipdia:Deep_cerebellar_nuclei;MP:0009979] synonym: "cerebellar nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "deep cerebellar nuclear complex" RELATED [] synonym: "deep cerebellar nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "intracerebellar nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "intrinsic nuclei of cerebellum" RELATED [] synonym: "nuclei cerebelli" RELATED [] synonym: "roof nuclei-2" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72249 xref: MESH:D002529 xref: UBERON:0002130 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2990 ! Gray matter relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0125 ! Cerebellum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3063 name: Gigantocellular nucleus def: "Nucleus located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. The PGL was originally identified by cytoarchitectural criteria in the human medulla (Olszewski and Baxter, 1954). In humans, the PGL is located in the ventrolateral quadrant of the rostral medullary tegmentum between the nucleus subtrigeminalis caudally, trapezoid body and the superior olive rostrally, nucleus gigantocellularis medially, spinothalamic tract fibers laterally, inferior olive ventrally, and the nucleus ambiguous dorsally (Olszewski and Baxter, 1954). In the rat, the PGL has been further subdivided into retrofacial PGL (caudal to the facial nucleus), and more rostrally located juxtafacial PGL (medial to the facial nucleus), based upon different connectivity." [UBERON:NLXANAT:1005001] synonym: "gigantocellular reticular nuclei" RELATED [] synonym: "gigantocellular group" RELATED [] synonym: " gigantocellular reticular nucleus" RELATED [] xref: FMA:72576 xref: UBERON:0002155 relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3064 name: Gigantocellular reticular nuclei, medullary relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3063 ! Gigantocellular nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3065 name: Gigantocellular reticular nuclei, pars relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-3063 ! Gigantocellular nucleus [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3066 name: Lung endothelial cell synonym: "lung endothelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "endothelial cell of lung" RELATED [] xref:CL:1001567 is_a: CALOHA:TS-2401 ! Endothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0573 ! Lung endothelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3067 name: Placenta endothelial cell synonym: "placenta endothelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "endothelial cell of placenta" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2401 ! Endothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0799 ! Placenta [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3068 name: Rectum endothelial cell synonym: "rectum endothelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "endothelial cell of rectum" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2401 ! Endothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1180 ! Rectum [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3069 name: Skin endothelial cell synonym: "skin endothelial cells" RELATED [] synonym: "endothelial cell of skin" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2401 ! Endothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3070 name: Duodenum paneth cell synonym: "duodenum paneth cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-3071 ! Small intestine paneth cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2087 ! Duodenal epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3071 name: Small intestine paneth cell synonym: "small intestine paneth cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2728 ! Paneth cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2104 ! Small intestine epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3072 name: Skin fibrohistiocytic cell synonym: "skin fibrohistiocytic cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2035 ! Cell type relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0934 ! Skin [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3073 name: Nucleus cuneatus relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0607 ! Medulla oblongata [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3074 name: Olfactory area relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-0702 ! Olfactory bulb [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3075 name: Salivary gland mucus glandular cell def: "Salivary gland mucus glandular cells are crucially important for creating a protective dental biofilm with mucins and lysozymes." [HPA] synonym: "mucus glandular cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1282 ! Salivary gland glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3076 name: Salivary gland serous glandular cell def: "Salivary gland serous glandular cells produce a watery secretion containing antimicrobial proteins as well as enzymes to initiate digestion." [HPA] synonym: "serous glandular cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-1282 ! Salivary gland glandular cell [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3077 name: Salivary gland duct cell def: "Ductal epithelial cells in the salivary gland can be found throughout the exocrine tissue forming the structure of the gland, guiding the saliva from the acini to the oral cavity." [HPA] synonym: "salivary duct cells" RELATED [] relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2067 ! Salivary gland epithelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3078 name: Mesothelial cell def: "A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity." [CL] synonym: "mesotheliocyte" RELATED [] synonym: "mesothelial cells" RELATED [] xref: CL:0000077 xref: FMA:66773 is_a: CALOHA:TS-1249 ! Squamous cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-1183 ! Mesothelium [Term] id: CALOHA:TS-3079 name: Lymphatic endothelial cell def: "A endothelial cell of a lymphatic vessel. The The LECs line the interior of the lymphatic circulatory system of vessels that complement the cardiovascular system with functions such as transport of damaged cells, bacteria and waste products to lymph nodes to be broken down by immune cells, and transport of interstitial fluid, protein, fats and immune cells to the blood circulation." [HPA] synonym: "endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel" RELATED [] synonym: "lymphatic vessel vascular endothelial cell" RELATED [] synonym: "lymphatic endothelial cells" RELATED [] is_a: CALOHA:TS-2401 ! Endothelial cell relationship: part_of CALOHA:TS-2156 ! Lymphatic vessel vascular endothelium [Typedef] id: develops_from name: develops_from is_transitive: true [Typedef] id: part_of name: part of is_transitive: true