]> Lead Creator: Carrine E. Blank, University of Montana, fall 2013 through spring 2016. Co-contributors and advisors: Hong Cui (University of Arizona), Lisa Moore (University of Southern Maine), and Ramona Walls (University of Arizona). MicrO (An Ontology of Prokaryotic Phenotypic and Metabolic Characters). Version 1.5.1 released 6/14/2018. Includes terms and term synonyms extracted from > 3000 prokaryotic taxonomic descriptions, collected from a large number of taxonomic descriptions from Archaea, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Mollicutes. The ontology and the synonym lists were developed to facilitate the automated extraction of phenotypic data and character states from prokaryotic taxonomic descriptions using a natural language processing algorithm (MicroPIE). MicroPIE was developed by Hong Cui, Elvis Hsin-Hui Wu, and Jin Mao (University of Arizona) in collaboration with Carrine E. Blank (University of Montana) and Lisa R. Moore (University of Southern Maine). Descriptions and links to MicroPIE can be found at http://avatol.org/ngp/nlp/overview-2/. https://github.com/biosemantics/micropie2 The most current version of MicrO can be downloaded from https://github.com/carrineblank/MicrO. Many thanks to Chris Mungall (LBNL), Elvis Hsin-Hui Wu (University of Arizona), Gail Gasparich (Towson University), and Gordon Burleigh (University of Florida) for comments and/or assistance with ontology construction and compilation of taxonomic descriptions and term definitions. Thanks to Oliver He (University of Michigan) for technical assistance with OntoBee and OntoFox, and Gareth Owen (ChEBI project leader, head curator) and other curators at ChEBI for assistance in the incorporation of microbial-specific chemical terms and synonyms into ChEBI. Thanks also to the instructors (Melissa Haendel, Matt Yoder, Jim Baihoff) and students of the 2013 NESCent Ontologies for Evolutionary Biology workshop, and to Karen Cranston (NESCent director) and the support staff at NESCent. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life Program (DBI-1208534), and by a travel grant to attend the 2013 NESCent Ontologies for Evolutionary Biology workshop. is an assay using the culture medium Relationship between an assay (x) and a microbiological culture medium (y), where the medium is needed to carry out the assay. Carrine Blank has shape Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a shape (y). Carrine Blank has position Carrine Blank Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a position quality (y). has structure Carrine Blank Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a structure (y). has morphology Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a morphology (y). Carrine Blank has angle Relationship between two connected entities that are connected and have a spatial relationship defined by an angle that exists between the two connected entities. Carrine Blank is an assay using the chemical reagent Relationship between an assay (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity is used as a chemical reagent or substance used to carry out the assay. Carrine Blank has size Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a size (y). Carrine Blank has physical quality Carrine Blank Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a physical quality (y). has texture Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a texture (y). Carrine Blank has organismal quality Carrine Blank Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and an organismal quality (y). has physical object quality Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a physical object quality (y). Carrine Blank is an enzymatic hydrolytic extract derived from Relationship between a material entity (x) and a cellular organism or environmental material (y) where the material entity is created as a result of a chemical extraction procedure performed via the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. Carrine Blank is an acid hydrolytic extract derived from Carrine Blank Relationship between a material entity (x) and a cellular organism or environmental material (y) where the material entity is created as a result of a chemical extraction procedure performed via the process of acid hydrolysis. is the quality assayed by Relationship between a quality (x) and an assay (y). Carrine Blank is culture medium used by Relationship between a microbiological culture medium (x) and a cellular organism (y) where the culture medium is used to support the growth of cellular organism y. Carrine Blank is an extract derived from Carrine Blank Relationship between a material entity (x) and a cellular organism or environmental material (y) where the material entity is created as a result of a chemical or physical extraction procedure. Carrine Blank is an oleaginous extract derived from Carrine Blank Relationship between an oleoginous (oily) material entity (x) and a cellular organism or environmental material (y) where the material entity is created as a result of a chemical extraction procedure performed from material derived from the organism. Carrine Blank is an aqueous extract derived from Carrine Blank Relationship between a material entity (x) and a cellular organism or environmental material (y) where the material entity is created as a result of a chemical extraction procedure performed via the process of an aqueous extraction (an extraction with water). Carrine Blank is an assay for the quality Carrine Blank Relationship between an assay (x) and a quality (y). uses chemical entity Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell or prokaryotic metabolic process (x) and a chemical entity (y). Carrine Blank is an assay for the enzymatic substrate Carrine Blank Relationship between an assay (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity used is a chemical enzymatic reactant in the designated process (namely a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme). is an assay for the enzymatic product Carrine Blank Relationship between an assay (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity is a chemical enzymatic product of the designated process (namely a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme). is an assay for the metabolic substrate Carrine Blank Relationship between an assay (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity is a metabolic substrate used in the designated process (generally a metabolic process deriving from a combination of enzymatic processes). is an assay for the metabolic product Carrine Blank Relationship between an assay (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity is a metabolic product in the designated process (generally a metabolic process deriving from a combination of enzymatic processes). is metabolic substrate assayed by Carrine Blank Relationship between a chemical entity (x) and an assay (y), where the chemical entity is a metabolic substrate (generally a metabolic process deriving from a combination of enzymatic processes) assayed by the diagnostic assay. is enzymatic substrate assayed by Relationship between a chemical entity (x) and an assay (y), where the chemical entity is a chemical enzymatic reactant (namely a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme) being assayed in the diagnostic assay. Carrine Blank is metabolic product assayed by Relationship between a chemical entity (x) and an assay (y), where the chemical entity is a metabolic product of the process (a metabolic process deriving from a combination of enzymatic processes) which is being assayed by the diagnostic assay. Carrine Blank is enzymatic product assayed by Relationship between a chemical entity (x) and an assay (y), where the chemical entity is a chemical enzymatic product of the enzymatic process (a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme) assayed by the diagnostic assay. Carrine Blank is the enzymatic activity assayed by Carrine Blank A relationship between a molecular function (x), namely the enzymatic activity being tested and an assay (y), namely an analytical investigation/test for the presence of an enzymatic activity. is an assay for the enzymatic activity of Carrine Blank A relationship between an assay (x), namely an analytical investigation/test for the presence of an enzymatic activity, and a molecular function (y), namely the enzymatic activity being tested. is an assay for the fermentation substrate Relationship between an assay (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity used is a fermentation substrate in the designated process (generally a metabolic fermentation process deriving from a combination of enzymatic processes). Carrine Blank is fermentation product assayed by Relationship between a chemical entity (x) and an assay (y), where the chemical entity is a fermentation product (generally a metabolic fermentation process deriving from a combination of enzymatic processes) assayed by the diagnostic assay. Carrine Blank is fermentation substrate assayed by Relationship between a chemical entity (x) and an assay (y), where the chemical entity is a fermentation substrate (generally a metabolic fermentation process deriving from a combination of enzymatic processes) being assayed by the diagnostic assay. Carrine Blank is assayed by A relationship between a process, quality, cellular component, molecular function, or a chemical entity (x) and an assay (y). Carrine Blank is an assay for Carrine Blank A relationship between a microbiological diagnostic test (x) and a biological process, quality, cellular component, molecular function, or a chemical entity (y). is an assay for the biological process of Carrine Blank A relationship between an assay (x), namely an analytical investigation/test for the presence of a physical biological process, and a biological process (y). is the biological process assayed by Carrine Blank A relationship between a biological process (x), and an assay (y) which is an analytical investigation/test for the presence of a physical biological process. is an assay for the biosynthetic production of Carrine Blank A relationship between a n assay (x), namely an analytical investigation/test for the presence of a metabolic product, and a chemical entity (y). biosynthetic production is assayed by Carrine Blank A relationship between a chemical entity (x), which is a biosynthetic product, that is assayed by an assay (y). Differentiated from 'is metabolic production of' which has the same domain and ranges, but is where an assay is used to detect a product of metabolism (i.e. energy generation). is prokaryotic physiological quality of Carrine Blank A relationship between a prokaryotic physiological quality (x) and a prokaryotic physiologically differentiated cell (y). Carrine Blank is an assay for the cellular component Carrine Blank A relationship between an assay (x), namely an analytical investigation/test for the presence of a physical cellular component, and a cellular component (y). is the cellular component assayed by A relationship between a cellular component (x), and an assay (y) which is an analytical investigation/test for the presence of a cellular component. Carrine Blank has ingredient Relationship between a material entity (x), which is a man-made material entity such as a chemical solution or a culture medium, and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity forms part of a mixture of chemicals that make up the material entity. Carrine Blank Wikipedia:ingredient An ingredient is a substance that forms part of a mixture (in a general sense). For example, in cooking, recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific dish. Many commercial products contain a secret ingredient that is purported to make them better than competing products. In the pharmaceutical industry, an active ingredient is that part of a formulation that yields the effect required by the customer. National laws usually require prepared food products to display a list of ingredients, and specifically require that certain additives be listed. In most developed countries, the law requires that ingredients be listed according to their relative weight[1] in the product. If an ingredient itself consists of more than one ingredient (such as the cookie pieces which are a part of "cookies and cream" flavor ice cream), then that ingredient is listed by what percentage of the total product it occupies, with its own ingredients displayed next to it in brackets. The term constituent is often chosen when referring to the substances that constitute the tissue of living beings such as plants and people, because the word ingredient in many minds connotes a sense of human agency (that is, something that a person combines with other substances), whereas the natural products present in living beings were not added by any human agency but rather occurred naturally ("a plant doesn't have ingredients"). Thus all ingredients are constituents, but not all constituents are ingredients. is an ingredient of Relationship between a chemical entity (x) and a mixture, culture medium, or chemical solution (y), where y is artificial created by human activity. Carrine Blank has susceptibility towards the chemical Carrine Blank Relationship between a prokaryotic cell or cellular component (x) and a chemical solution or chemical entity (y). develops into Relationship between an independent continuant (x) and another independent continuant (y), where x develops (or transforms) into y through a developmental process. Carrine Blank has salinity Carrine Blank Relationship between a microbiological culture medium (x) and a salinity quality (y). has pH Carrine Blank Relationship between a microbiological culture medium (x) and a pH quality (y). has redox Carrine Blank Relationship between a microbiological culture medium (x) and a redox quality (y). Carrine Blank culture medium has quality Carrine Blank Relationship between a microbiological culture medium (x) and a quality (y). has chemical composition Relationship between a material entity (x) and a material entity (y), where the material entity is a natural substance (such as a chemical entity) that has a mixture of chemical substances in it. Carrine Blank is an assay using the material entity Relationship between an assay (x) and a material entity (y), where the material entity is needed to carry out the assay. Carrine Blank is quality of the culture medium Carrine Blank Relationship between a quality (x), such as a pH quality, redox quality, or salinity quality, and a microbiological culture medium (y) which is an independent continuant. Relationship between a material entity (x) and a cellular organism or environmental material (y) where the material entity is derived from the starting complex entity y. is chemical entity derived from Carrine Blank has cell wall Carrine Blank Relationship between a particular cellular organism (x) and an external encapuslating structure (y). is an assay using the cellular organism Relationship between an assay (x) and cellular organisms (y), where the organism(s) is needed to carry out the assay. Carrine Blank uses carbon source Carrine Blank Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell or prokaryotic metabolic process (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity is a carbon source. uses energy source Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell or prokaryotic metabolic process (x) and a chemical entity or sunlight (y), where the chemical entity or sunlight is a energy source. Carrine Blank uses electron donor Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell or prokaryotic metabolic process (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity is a electron donor. Carrine Blank uses electron acceptor Carrine Blank Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell or prokaryotic metabolic process (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity is an electron acceptor. working-temp obj props Carrine Blank has symmetry Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a symmetry quality (y). Carrine Blank has spatial pattern Relationship between a cellular component, prokaryotic cell or prokaryotic colony (x) and a spatial position quality (y). Carrine Blank contains prokaryotic metabolic process Carrine Blank Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell (x) and a prokaryotic metabolic process (y). has prokaryotic physiological quality A relationship between a prokaryotic physiologically differentiated cell (x) and a prokaryotic physiological quality (y). Carrine Blank has measurement Carrine Blank xxxx is prokaryotic metabolic process carried out in the presence of Carrine Blank A relationship between a prokaryotic metabolic process (x) and an inorganic molecular entity, an organic molecular entity or sunlight (y). is prokaryotic metabolic process occuring in Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolic process (x) and a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell (y). Carrine Blank has prokaryotic metabolic quality Carrine Blank Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell (x) and a prokaryotic metabolic quality (y). is prokaryotic metabolic quality of Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolic quality (x) and a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell (y) which is an independent continuant. Carrine Blank is prokaryotic metabolic quality of a cell carrying out the process A relationship between a prokaryotic metabolic quality (x) and a prokaryotic metabolic process (y). Carrine Blank is prokaryotic metabolic process which makes a cell Carrine Blank Relationship between a prokaryotic metabolic process (x) and a prokaryotic metabolic quality (y). has colony margin symmetry Relationship between a prokaryotic colony (x) and a symmetry quality (y), pertaining specifically to the symmetry of the prokaryotic colony margin. Carrine Blank contains biological process A relationship between a prokaryotic differentiated cell (x) and a biological process (y). Carrine Blank is an assay for the fermentation product Carrine Blank Relationship between an assay (x) and a chemical entity (y), where the chemical entity is a fermentation product in the designated process (generally a metabolic fermentation process deriving from a combination of enzymatic processes). has sodium chloride percentage of Carrine Blank Describes the percentage of sodium chloride concentration in which an organism is capable of growth. has cell width has pH value Carrine Blank Describes the pH (hydrogen ion concentration) in which an organism is capable of growth. zzzz Note that there is an error with this class (sulfate can't be used as an electron donor) flagellar quality Prokaryotic cell quality where a cell has either a bacterial-type flagellum (or flagella) or a periplasmic flagellum. Carrine Blank branch perpendicular to trichome Filament branch angle, where the angle between the cylindrical cells of the branching filament and the cylindrical cells of the main trichome is perpendicular. lateral branches branches perpendicular to trichome Carrine Blank branches lateral branches perpendicular to the long trichome axis filament branch size Carrine Blank branch length Filament branch morphological quality relating to the size (length, and hence the number of cells in the branch, and thickness) of a filament branch, relative to the size of the main trichome. branch size morphologically differentiated branches Carrine Blank branching morphology Filament branch physical object quality defining the morphology (shape, size, length) of branches in relationship to the main filament. straight filament branch filament branch straight Carrine Blank branches straight The nature of branches in a microbial filament to be straight (i.e. not curved). arcuate filament branch branches later curve to the direction of the original trichome Carrine Blank branches arcuate filament branch arcuate The nature of branches in a microbial filament to be arcuate (curved). solitary branches irregularly branched branches solitary Filament branch spatial pattern where the filament exhibits branching (either false or true branching). Filaments occur singularly (solitary), and do not occur in pairs (are offset from one another). Carrine Blank filaments irregularly branched paired branches Carrine Blank branches paired Filament branch spatial pattern where the filament exhibits branching (either false or true branching). Filaments occur paired, opposite from one another. heterocyte position relative to branches Carrine Blank Differentiated filament branching relating the distribution of heterocytes in the filament and their spatial relationship to the branches. branches thinner than main filament branches thinner secondary filaments thinner secondary lateral branches generally thinner thinner branches Filament branch size where the diameter of cylindrical cells in the filament branches are thicker than the diameter of cylindrical cells in the main trichome. Carrine Blank branches usually slightly thinner heterocytes basal in branches The physical relationship of branches in a microbial filament to heterocytes, being physically adjacent to heterocytes wherein branches initiate at the heterocytes. branches initiating at the heterocytes branches initiate at heterocytes Carrine Blank lateral branches initiating at the heterocytes branches initiate usually at originally intercalary heterocytes heterocytes apical in branches branches terminated by heterocytes The physical relationship of branches in a microbial filament to heterocytes, where heterocytes are located at the end of branches. Carrine Blank heterocytes not in branches branches distant from heterocytes branches distant from heterocytes distant from the heterocytes Heterocyte position where the heterocyte is not located in the filament branch. Carrine Blank heterocytes in branches Carrine Blank Heterocyte position where the heterocyte is located in the filament branch. Heterocyte location within the filament branch has apical-basal polarity. paired false branching binary false branched Carrine Blank double false branching Paired filament branches where the filament exhibits false branching. paired true branching paired true branching Paired filament branches where the filament exhibits true branching. Carrine Blank solitary false branching Solitary filament branches where the filament exhibits false branching. single false branching Carrine Blank solitary true branching Carrine Blank Solitary filament branches where the filament exhibits true branching. differentiated apical cell Filament differentiation quality, relating to the morphology and differentiation of the apical cell in the filament. Carrine Blank sub-apical cell A trichome cell that is located subterminally in a trichome, and which has undergone differentation. Found in trichomes with apical-basal polarity. Carrine Blank short filament branch Carrine Blank branches short Filament branch length where the branches are short and contain few cells (relative to the length and number of cells in the main filament). long filament branch Carrine Blank Filament branch length where the branches are long and contain many cells (relative to the length and number of cells in the main filament). branches many-celled branches long prokaryotic nucleobase quality The molar percentage of nucleobases in the DNA of a prokaryotic chromosome and/or plasmid. Carrine Blank bacilloid cell Carrine Blank bacilloid A prokaryotic cell that is bacillus-like (some variation of cylindrical). amphilophotrichous cell 2 bipolar polytrichous flagella tufts of polar flagella Flagellated cell where the cell has multiple flagella, located in two tufts at both ends (poles) of the cell. Carrine Blank polar tufts of flagella prokaryotic acidic environment acidic Carrine Blank An acidic environment that is the environment inhabited by a prokaryotic cell. prokaryotic alkaline environment An alkaline environment that is the environment inhabited by a prokaryotic cell. Carrine Blank alkaline optical quality assay An assay to determine macroscopic or microscopic optical quality of a prokaryotic cell, or aggregation of prokaryotic cells. Carrine Blank fermentation product Prokaryotic metabolite where fermentation produces are produced as a result of fermentation. cyanobacterial filament A type of filament only found in some filamentous cyanobacterial taxa. Is comprised by a trichome and an extracellular sheath. May or may not have branches. Carrine Blank isopolar symmetric An isopolar trichome morphology quality where heterocysts are only present at the poles, or terminals, of the trichome such that the trichome morphology is symmetric. Carrine Blank isopolar metameric An isopolar trichome morphology quality where heterocysts are regularly dispersed along the length of the trichome such that the trichome morphology is symmetric. Carrine Blank differentiated isopolar trichome Carrine Blank Trichome differentiation quality of isopolar trichomes with respect to the location of heterocytes and the symmetrical arrangement of the heterocytes. meristematic zone A part of a trichome where rapid cell division occurs. Meristematic zones, which arise terminally or subterminally, are found in the trichomes of Scytonemataceae, Rivulariaceae, and Microchaetaceae. Zone involves several cells along the trichome. Carrine Blank diffluent sheath A sheath that is easily dissolving and indistinct (unlocalized). Carrine Blank casein agar https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/CaseinAgar.html FORMULA Ingredients per liter of deionized water:* Dry Milk, Instant Nonfat 50.0gm Pancreatic Digest of Casein 5.0gm Yeast Extract 2.5gm Glucose 1.0gm Agar 12.5gm Final pH 6.8 +/- 0.3 at 25 degrees C. An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains nonfat dry milk, pancreatic digest of casein (casitone), yeast extract, glucose, and agar. Used for the differentiation of prokaryotes based on their ability to degrade casein. Carrine Blank cell filament trichomous filaments filament A group of prokaryotic cells where the cells are attached to one another end-to-end, forming long threads. Formed when cell division occurs in a single plane (at right angles to the filament axis) and when cells do not detach from one another. Carrine Blank chains filamentous mycelium-like filament-forming true branch Carrine Blank A trichome part formed when there is transient cell division in another plane other than crosswise to the length of the trichome axis. This results in the formation of a branch at right angles to the axis of the length of the trichome. Found only in the Stigonematales (Cyanobacteria). false branch A trichome part formed when there is interruption of the axis of a trichome. Are initiated when necritic cells form, breaking the trichome. Or are initiated at heterocytes. At first both ends of the interrupted trichome grow aside one another, later on the two new trichome ends grow in different directions. Occurs in the Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, and Stigonematales (Cyanobacteria). Carrine Blank filament branch A filament part formed when a new trichome begins to grow at an angle to the axis of the original length of the filament, also enclosed in sheath. Carrine Blank firm sheath A sheath that is firm and distinct (localized, not easily dissolving and not indistinct). Carrine Blank sheath having distinctive spatial pattern Carrine Blank Morphologically differentiated filament part, where the sheath has a distinctive spatial pattern. thylakoid-containing cell Carrine Blank A prokaryotic cell containing thylakoids membranes. epilithic environment Carrine Blank An environment that exists on the surface of a rock (or a rocky substrate). epilithic epipelic environment epipelic Carrine Blank A submerged environment consisting of a rocky substrate comprised of sediments, clays, or silt, colonized by a microorganisms or a microbial community. submerged stones epiphytic environment Wikipedia: Epiphyte An epiphyte is a plant that grows harmlessly upon another plant (such as a tree) and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, and sometimes from debris accumulating around it. Epiphytes differ from parasites in that epiphytes grow on other plants for physical support and do not necessarily negatively affect the host. An epiphytic organism that is not a plant is called an epibiont.[1] Epiphytes are usually found in the temperate zone (e.g., many mosses, liverworts, lichens, and algae) or in the tropics (e.g., many ferns, cacti, orchids, and bromeliads).[2] Many houseplants are epiphyte species due to their minimal water and soil requirements. Epiphytes provide a rich and diverse habitat for other organisms including animals, fungi, bacteria, and myxomycetes.[3] Carrine Blank An environment that exists on a terrestrial plant (Embryophyte). epiphytic endophytic environment An environment that exists within a plant (Embryophyte). Carrine Blank endophytic Wikipedia: Endophyte An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease.[1][2][3][4] Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date; however, most of these endophyte/plant relationships are not well understood.[5][6] Endophytes are also known to occur within lichens[7] and algae. Many economically important grasses (e.g., Festuca spp. and Lolium spp. ) carry fungal endophytes in genus Epichloë,[8] some of which may enhance host growth[9] and may improve the plant's ability to tolerate abiotic stresses, such as drought, and enhance resistance to insects, plant pathogens and mammalian herbivores.[10][11][12][13] lives inside a plant periphytic environment periphytic Carrine Blank periphytically An environmental system that is submerged, and attached to submerged rocks, plants, animals, or other objects. calyptra Modified apical cell, having a thickened or enlarged morphology. Has a hood-like, lid-like, or cap-like form. Little is known about the role, although presence is environmentally influenced. Not all trichomes in a natural population will exhibit a calyptra. Found in the Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. Carrine Blank end cells aways with calyptra http://huey.colorado.edu/cyanobacteria/taxa/calyptra.php Definition of Calyptra Thickened or enlarged tip of a cyanobacterial filament, a hoodlike, lidlike, or caplike structure. morphologically distinct colony A prokaryotic colony that has a distinct morphology (size, shape, texture, or structure). Carrine Blank tapered by apical and basal widening trichomes narrowed in the middle part and clearly widened at the ends Carrine Blank branches dilated terminal portions Tapered trichome quality where the trichome is wider at the apical and basal ends, and narrower toward the center of the trichome (hour-glass shaped). prokaryotic cell part quality Prokaryotic quality (morphology, symmetry, position) relating to a cell part or cellular component. Carrine Blank tapered by apical and basal narrowing attenuated trichome ends trichomes attenuated towards the ends trichomes attenuated toward both ends continually attenuated to the ends trichomes attenuated at the ends of developed trichomes Carrine Blank tapering to the ends cells narrowed at both ends trichomes narrowed to the ends attenuated toward the ends Tapered trichome quality where the trichome is narrower at the apical and basal ends, and widened toward the center of the trichome (fusiform-shaped). trichomes narrows towards the ends trichomes attenuated to the ends widened spaces between thylakoids Carrine Blank intrathylakoidal spaces Thylakoid-containing cell where there are widened spaces between the thylakoid membranes. Function is not clear and are likely influenced by environmental factors. Frequency and location are taxa-specific. susceptibility to lysis by detergent Carrine Blank Prokaryotic cell wall lysis susceptibility that defines how susceptible the cell wall is to lysis when the cell is placed in the presence of an environment with an altered chemical composition (detergent). Berkefeld N filter A gravity-driven water filter made by the British Berkefeld® company, with an intermediate pore size N (for Normal). Pore sizes average 0.43 microns in diameter. Carrine Blank 216L marine medium An organic rich, liquid marine microbiological culture medium containing acetate, tryptone, yeast extract, citrate, ammonium nitrate, with a seawater base. Used for the cultivation of Marispirillum. From: Lai, Q., Yuan, J., Gu, L. & Shao, Z. (2009). Marispirillum indicum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea environment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 1278–1281. Recipe: sodium acetate, 1.0 g Tryptone, 10.0 g yeast extract, 2.0 g sodium citrate, 0.5 g NH4NO3, 0.2 g seawater, 1L pH 7.5 Carrine Blank 216L 216L broth 216L marine agar From: Lai, Q., Yuan, J., Gu, L. & Shao, Z. (2009). Marispirillum indicum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea environment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 1278–1281. Recipe: sodium acetate, 1.0 g Tryptone, 10.0 g yeast extract, 2.0 g sodium citrate, 0.5 g NH4NO3, 0.2 g seawater, 1L pH 7.5 Agar is added to the medium to solidify. Carrine Blank 216L agar An organic rich, solid marine microbiological culture medium containing acetate, tryptone, yeast extract, citrate, ammonium nitrate, with a seawater base. Used for the cultivation of Marispirillum. ZoBell marine medium ZoBell 2216e broth ZoBell 2216e ZoBell medium MA2216 Zobell's medium Marine broth 2216 An organic-rich, mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and yeast extract in a base of artificial sea water. Used for the cultivation of heterotrophic marine microorganisms. ZoBell broth From: http://himedialabs.com/TD/M384.pdf Zobell Marine Agar 2216 Zobell Marine Agar 2216 is recommended for cultivation, isolation and enumeration of heterotrophic marine bacteria. Composition Ingredients (Gms/Litre) Peptic digest of animal tissue 5.000 Yeast extract 1.000 Ferric citrate 0.1000 Sodium chloride 19.450 Magnesium chloride 8.800 Sodium sulfate 3.240 Calcium chloride 1.800 Potassium chloride 0.550 Sodium bicarbonate 0.160 Potassium bromide 0.080 Strontium chloride 0.034 Boric acid 0.022 Sodium silicate 0.004 Sodium fluorate 0.0024 Ammonium nitrate 0.0016 Disodium phosphate 0.008 Final pH (25˚C) 7.6+/-0.2 MB Carrine Blank ZoBell's microbiological culture medium A culture medium used to select for, grow, and maintain prokaryotic microorganisms. Can be in either liquid (broth) or solidified (e.g. with agar) forms. growth medium growth media culture media Carrine Blank media medium defined microbiological culture medium defined mineral medium defined medium Carrine Blank A chemically defined microbiological culture medium where all chemicals used are known. Does not contain any plant, animal, or microbiological cell extracts. mineral media defined media mineral medium liquid microbiological culture medium liquid media broth A microbiological culture medium that is liquid. Carrine Blank liquid medium solid microbiological culture medium solid medium solid media Carrine Blank A microbiological culture medium that is solidified with a gelling agent, such as agar, agarose, gelatin, or pectin. agar medium undefined microbiological culture medium basal media complex medium basal medium complex media A microbiological culture medium that has components that are chemically heterogeneous, unknown, or uncharacterized mixtures or cellular extracts. Carrine Blank Balch medium 1 pH is not noted in the original publication. However, pH of the medium is reported to be 7.0 in The Prokaryotes: Vol 3: Archaea. Bacteria: Firmicutes, Actinomycetes, p. 213, copyrighted 2006. mineral medium and H2 + CO2 A mineral-salts liquid microbiological culture medium containing acetate, formate, yeast extract, trypticase, cysteine and sulfide with H2 and CO2 in the headspace gas mixture. Used for the growth of methanogenic archaea. A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing acetate, formate, yeast extract, trypticase, cysteine and sulfide with hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the headspace gas mixture. Used for the growth of methanogenic archaea. Carrine Blank mineral medium with H2-CO2 From: Balch WE et al, 1979. Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group. Microbiol Rev 43(2):260. Ingredients are added to distilled water to give a final volume of 1L. Cysteine and Na2S are added after boiling the medium under an 80% N2-20% CO2 gas mixture, the final gas phase of tubed medium being an 80% H2-CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. 50 mL mineral 1 solution (6 g K2HPO4 per liter) 50 mL mineral 2 solution (per liter: KH2PO4, 6 g; (NH4)2SO4, 6 g, NaCl, 12 g; MgSO4x7H2O, 2.6 g; CaCl2x2H2O, 0.16 g) 10 mL trace minerals (pH to 7.0 with KOH; per liter: nitrilotriacetic acid, 1.5 g; MgSO4x7H2O, 3.0 g; MnSO2x2H2O, 0.5 g; NaCl, 1.0 g; FeSO4x7H2O, 0.1g; CoSO4 or CoCl2, 0.1 g; CaCl2x2H2O, 0.1 g; ZnSO4, 0.1 g; CuSO4x5H2O, 0.01 g; AlK(SO4)2, 0.01 g; H3BO3, 0.01 g; Na2MoO4x2H2O, 0.01g); dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid with KOH to pH 6.5 then proceed to add minerals) 10 mL trace vitamines (contains in milligrams per liter: biotin, 2; folic acid, 2; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 10; thiamine hydrochloride, 5; riboflavin, 5; nicotinic acid, 5; DL-calcium pantothenate, 5; vitamin B12, 0.1; p-aminobenzoic acid, 5; lipoic acid, 5) 0.002 g FeSO4x7H2O 5.0 g NaHCO3 2.5g sodium acetate 2.5 g sodium formate 2.0 g yeast extract 2.0 g trypticase (BBL) 0.5 g L-Cysteine hydrochloridexH2O 0.5 g Na2Sx9H2O minerals salts-H2/CO2 medium artificial kinneret water medium artificial kinneret water A dilute, mineral-salts liquid microbiological culture medium formulated to mimic Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) water. Used to cultivate freshwater autotrophic microorganisms. Could not find in any references the pH of AKW, however the pH of Lake Kinneret varies from about 8.6 at the surface to 7.8 at depth. http://kinneret.ocean.org.il/ar_grp.aspx artificial lake kinneret water AKW AKW media Carrine Blank From Table 1 in: Sherr BF, Sherr EB, Berman T. 1983. Grazing, growth, and ammonium excretion rates of a heterotrophic microflagellate fed with four species of bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 45(4):1196-1201. Salt Amt (mg L-1 of distilled water) NaHCO3 197 NaCl 155 CaCl2 130 MgCl2 124 MgSO4 65 KCl 13 CaSO4 9.5 Total salts, 693.5 mg L-1. Total solids in Lake Kinneret water range from 640 to 714 mg L-1. Gram stain quality Carrine Blank Prokaryotic cell part quality, describing the nature of the cell wall. Determined from the results of the Gram stain assay. MGM medium MGM liquid medium A hypersaline, liquid microbiological culture medium that contains mineral salts, peptone, and yeast extract. Used for the cultivation of Haloarchaeobium iranensis. Carrine Blank MGM broth From:Makhdoumi-Kakhki et al 2011. Haloarchaeobium iranensis gen.nov., sp. nov., an extremeley halophilic archaeon isolated from the saline lake Aran-Bidgol, Iran. Int J. Syst. Evol. MIcrobiol. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.033167-0 and Dyall-Smith. 2009. Halohandbook. http://www.haloarchaea.com/resources/halohandbook/ Add the following to a large beaker: Salt water (30% stock), 767 Pure water, 200 Peptone (Oxoid), 5 yeast extract, 1 Stir to dissolve, adjust pH up to 7.5 with 1M Tris pH 7.5, using 5 mL per liter. Adjust to 1L with pure water. For solid medium add 15g Difco Bacto-agar. 30% Salt water stock solution (the CaCl2 is not added until just before pouring plates and some TrisHCl pH 7.5 is added): per liter: H2O, 850 mL NaCl, 240 g MgCl2x6H2O, 30g KCl, 7g 1M TrisHCL pH 7.5, 20 mL modified 9K medium From: Zhou H et al. 2008. Isolation and characterization of Ferroplasma thermophilum sp. nov., a novel extremely acidophilic, moderately thermophilic archaeon and its role in bioleaching of chalcopyrite. J Appl Microbiol 105:591. Modified 9K medium contained (per litre): 3.0 g (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g KH2PO4, 0.1 g KCl, 0.5 g MgSO4x7H2O, 0.01 g Ca(NO3)2. Trace elements (per litre) comprised: 11.0 mg FeCl3x6H2O, 0.5 mg CuSO4x5H2O, 50 mg Na2SO4, 2.0 mg H3BO3, 2.0 mg MnSO4, 0.8 mg Na2MoO4x2H2O, 0.6 mg CoCl2x6H2O, 0.9 mg ZnSO4x7H2O and 0.1 mg Na2SeO4. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 1.0 by adding 50% (v ⁄ v) H2SO4, was autoclaved, and then filter-sterilized (0.2 um filter paper) trace elements and FeSO4x7H2O were added in the medium. Carrine Blank An acidic, liquid, mineral-salts microbiological culture medium, high in ferrous iron. Used for the cultivation of Ferroplasma thermophilum. NOM-1 medium NOM-1 liquid medium From: Heng-Lin Cui, Xin-Yi Li, Xia Gao, Xue-Wei Xu, Yu-Guang Zhou, Hong-Can Liu, Aharon Oren and Pei-Jin Zhou. 2010. Halopelagius inordinatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Halobacteriaceae isolated from a marine solar saltern. IJSEM 60:2089-2093. per liter: yeast extract, 0.2 g fish peptone, 0.2 g sodium pyruvate, 2.0 g sodium lactate, 2.0 g KCl, 5.4 g K2HPO4, 0.3 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g MgSO4x7H2O, 20.0 g NaCl, 200.0 g pH 7.0-7.2. neutral oligotrophic haloarchaeal medium A hypersaline, liquid microbiological culture medium containing mineral-salts, magnesium sulfate, pyruvate, lactate, peptone, and yeast extract. Used for the cultivation of Halopelagius inordinatus. Carrine Blank modified R2A medium A hypersaline, liquid microbiological culture medium containing mineral-salts, magnesium sulfate, pyruvate, glucose, glutamate, citrate, and peptones. Used for the cultivation of Halogranum rubrum and Halosarcina limi. CM2 medium CM2 liquid medium From: Cui H-L, et al. 2010. Halogranum rubrum gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from a marine solar saltern. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1366. Modified R2A medium: Contains the following ingredients per liter: Casamino acids 0.5g yeast extract, 0.5g sodium pyruvate, 0.5 g fish peptone, 0.5g glucose, 0.5g sodium glutamate, 0.5g trisodium citrate, 3.0g KCl, 2.0g K2HPO4, 0.3g CaCl2, 0.5g MgSO4x7H2O, 20.0g NaCl, 200.0 g pH 7.0-7.2 Carrine Blank MR2A From: Cui H-L et al. 2010. Halosarcina limi sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from a marine solar saltern, and emended description of the genus Halosarcina. Int J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:2462. CM2 Recipe: Per liter: Casamino acids (Difco), 0.5 g yeast extract (Difco), 0.5 g sodium pyruvate, 0.5 g fish peptone, 0.5 g glucose, 5.0 g sodium glutamate, 0.5 g trisodium citrate, 3.0 g KCl, 2.0 g K2HPO4, 0.3 g CaCl2, 0.5 g MgSO4x7H2O, 20 g NaCl, 230.0 g pH 7.0–7.2 MR2A liquid medium defined inorganic chemical mixture Inorganic compounds or mixtures of inorganic compounds added to culture media to support growth or metabolism of a microorganism. Because the exact composition of the mixture is known, it is referred to as "defined". Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 954 Halococcus dombrowskii medium DSM strains: 19505 Haladaptatus cibarius 18796 Halalkalicoccus jeotgali B3 14522 Halococcus dombrowskii 19504 Halorubrum cibi 18794 Haloterrigena jeotgali A29 18795 Natronococcus jeotgali DSM 18795 Medium for Halococcus dombrowskii Carrine Blank From: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium954.pdf 954. Medium for Halococcus dombrowskii. Casamino acids 5.00 g Yeast extract 5.00 g TRIS 12.10 g KCl 2.00 g MgCl2x6H2O 20.00 g CaCl2x2H2O 0.20 g NaCl 200.00 g Agar 20.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 mL Adjust pH to 7.4. Add the agar after dissolving all ingredients in the water and adjustment of pH. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A hypersaline, organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing mineral-salts, tris, casamino acids, and yeast extract. Used to cultivate Halococcus dombrowskii (DSM 14522). Hayflick medium From:http://www.atcc.org/~/media/B61DC4844DBE4D51867A06D49DE22564.ashx ATCC Medium: 2820 HAYFLICK Medium Yeast Extract…………………………………..19.6 g PPLO…………………………………………...17.7 g Phenol Red……………………………………24 mg DNA sodium salt (Sigma, D1501)………...…0.24 g Horse serum (aseptically add)……………….157 ml DI Water………………………………………..843 ml Combine all ingredients except for the horse serum. Adjust pH to 7.8 +/- 0.2. Autoclave at 121C and let medium cool to 55C. Aseptically add horse serum and dispense as required. Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing beef heart infusion, peptone, and sodium chloride. Developed for the growth of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. nutrient broth From: Nutrient Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Nutrient Broth has the formula originally designed for use in the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. It is not a recommended bacteriological medium in later editions of this publication. It is one of several nonselective media recommended for use in the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique of estimating the density of viable organisms in food samples1 and is useful in routine cultivation of microorganisms. Principles of the Procedure This relatively simple formulation supports the growth of nonfastidious microorganisms due to its content of peptone and beef extract. Formula Difco™ Nutrient Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Extract.................................................................. 3.0 g Peptone....................................................................... 5.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.8 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank nutrient medium NB An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of beef extract and peptone. nutrient broth nutrient broth media ZoBell phytagel From: http://himedialabs.com/TD/M384.pdf Zobell Marine Agar 2216 Zobell Marine Agar 2216 is recommended for cultivation, isolation and enumeration of heterotrophic marine bacteria. Composition Ingredients (Gms/Litre) Peptic digest of animal tissue 5.000 Yeast extract 1.000 Ferric citrate 0.1000 Sodium chloride 19.450 Magnesium chloride 8.800 Sodium sulfate 3.240 Calcium chloride 1.800 Potassium chloride 0.550 Sodium bicarbonate 0.160 Potassium bromide 0.080 Strontium chloride 0.034 Boric acid 0.022 Sodium silicate 0.004 Sodium fluorate 0.0024 Ammonium nitrate 0.0016 Disodium phosphate 0.008 Final pH (25˚C) 7.6+/-0.2 Barbeyron T, L'Haridon S, Corre E, Kloareg B & Potin P. 2001. Zobellia galactanovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine species of Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a red alga, and classification of [Cytophaga] uliginosa (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Reichenbach 1989 as Zobellia uliginosa gen. nov., comb. nov. IJSEM 51:985-997.: When it was desirable to avoid attack of the substratum, strains were grown on ZoBell solidified with 0.7% (w/v) Phytagel (a gellan gum; Sigma). Carrine Blank An organic-rich, mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and yeast extract in a base of artificial sea water. Solidified using Phytagel (gellan gum) instead of agar. Used for the cultivation of heterotrophic marine microorganisms capable of degrading agar. ZoBell phytagel plates ZoBell phytagel agar medium containing ruminal fluid Carrine Blank A microbiological culture medium that contains bovine rumen fluid (or ruminal fluid), used for the culture of microorganisms that live in the rumen. Sehgal and Gibbons medium Sehgal and Gibbons, 1960, Effect of some metal ions on the growth of Halobacterium cutirubrum. Can J Microbiol 6:165. A hypersaline, organic-rich liquid medium containing casamino acids, yeast extract, and salts. Used for the growth of Halobacterium cutirubrum. Original citation: Sehgal SN, Gibbons NE (1960) Effect of some metal ions on the growth of Halobacterium cutirubrum. Can J Microbiol 6:165–169. The routine medium contained 7.5 g casamino acids (Difco), 10 g yeast extract (Difco), 3 g trisodium citrate, 2 g potassium chloride, 20 g magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, 250 g sodium chloride, aid distilled water to 1 liter. The ingredients were dissolved in 800 ml water, the pH adjusted to 7.5-7.8 with N potassium hydroxide, and the medium autoclaved 5 minutes at 120˚C. It was then filterecl to remove the precipitate, the pH mas adjusted to 7.4 with N hydrochloric acid, and the medium made up to final volume. S-G medium From: Schneegurt MA, Chapter 2, Media and conditions for the growth of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria and archaea. pg. 39, Table 2.1. In Vreeland RH (ed) Advances in Understanding the Biology of Halophilic Microorganisms. DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5539-0_2 Medium composition in grams per liter: NaCl, 250 MgSO4x7H2O, 20 FeCl2, 0.023 Na-citrate, 3 Casamino acids, 7.5 yeast extract, 10 Carrine Blank Brucella agar with sheep blood From: Brucella Agar with 5% Sheep Blood, Hemin and Vitamin K1 (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Brucella Agar with 5% Sheep Blood, Hemin and Vitamin K1 is used for the isolation and cultivation of fastidious, obligately anaerobic microorganisms. BRU Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium, containing peptones, yeast extract, glucose, and sodium bisulfite as a reducing agent. Supplemented with 5% sheep blood, hemin, and vitamin K. Used for the growth of Brucella. Zobell phytagel starch Starch phytagel plates Carrine Blank Zobell phytagel starch agar An organic-rich, mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and yeast extract in a base of artificial sea water. Solidified using Phytagel instead of agar. Supplemented with starch. Used for the cultivation of heterotrophic marine microorganisms capable of degrading agar. Barbeyron T, L'Haridon S, Corre E, Kloareg B & Potin P. 2001. Zobellia galactanovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine species of Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a red alga, and classification of [Cytophaga] uliginosa (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Reichenbach 1989 as Zobellia uliginosa gen. nov., comb. nov. IJSEM 51:985-997. The strain was assayed for amylase activity using starch at a concentration of 0.2 % (w/v) in ZoBell agar or in ZoBell Phytagel plates. BRN medium Balch et al. 1979. Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group. Microbiol Rev 43(2):260. A liquid, mineral-salts microbiological culture medium containing acetate, formate, yeast extract, trypticase, cysteine and sulfide with H2 and CO2 in the headspace gas mixture. Supplemented with additional 0.1% NH4Cl, 10% rumen fluid, 2% agar, and with clindamycin and cephalotin (cefalotin). Used for the growth of Methanobrevibacter from feces. Miller, 2001. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 1, 2nd ed. p.219. Carrine Blank Miller TL et al, 1982. Isolation of Methanobrevibacter smithii from human feces. Appl Environ Microbiol 43(1):227. MGM agar From:Makhdoumi-Kakhki et al 2011. Haloarchaeobium iranensis gen.nov., sp. nov., an extremeley halophilic archaeon isolated from the saline lake Aran-Bidgol, Iran. Int J. Syst. Evol. MIcrobiol. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.033167-0 and Dyall-Smith. 2009. Halohandbook. http://www.haloarchaea.com/resources/halohandbook/ Add the following to a large beaker: Salt water (30% stock), 767 Pure water, 200 Peptone (Oxoid), 5 yeast extract, 1 Stir to dissolve, adjust pH up to 7.5 with 1M Tris pH 7.5, using 5 mL per liter. Adjust to 1L with pure water. For solid medium add 15g Difco Bacto-agar. 30% Salt water stock solution (the CaCl2 is not added until just before pouring plates and some TrisHCl pH 7.5 is added): per liter: H2O, 850 mL NaCl, 240 g MgCl2x6H2O, 30g KCl, 7g 1M TrisHCL pH 7.5, 20 mL A hypersaline, organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains mineral-salts, tris, peptone, and yeast extract. Used for the cultivation of Haloarchaeobium iranensis. Carrine Blank microbiological culture medium containing blood blood agar BAP Blood agar plates A microbiological culture medium that contains blood, treated blood, lysed blood cells, blood serum, or treated blood serum. Carrine Blank citrated blood Carrine Blank From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Animal Blood, Citrated is blood that has been washed and treated with sodium citrate as the anticoagulant. It serves as a source of erythrocytes for serological procedures. Blood medium ingredient comprised of animal blood where citrate has been added to prevent coagulation. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. equine serum-containing microbiological culture medium Carrine Blank media containing 1% serum fraction A liquid microbiological culture medium that contains horse (equine) serum. horse serum containing agar media containing 20% horse serum microbiological culture medium, containing procine serum Carrine Blank A microbiological culture medium (a blood serum agar), made with porcine (pig) blood serum. PPLO medium PPLO serum fraction PPLO media PPLO broth An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing various peptones and sodium chloride. Developed for the growth of mycoplasmas. From: PPLO Media (Mycoplasma Media) (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use PPLO (Mycoplasma) agars and broths, when supplemented with nutritive enrichments, are used for isolating and cultivating Mycoplasma. Mycoplasma Broth Base (Frey) is used for the cultivation of avian mycoplasmas. Principles of the Procedure Meat digests, peptones, beef extract and yeast extract provide the nitrogen, vitamins, amino acids and carbon in these media. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance of these formulations. Agar, the solidifying agent, is used in PPLO (Mycoplasma) Agar at a concentration slightly reduced from usual to ensure formation of the largest possible colonies because the organisms grow into the agar with only slight surface growth.13 The base media are supplemented with Mycoplasma Supplement or Mycoplasma Enrichment w/o Penicillin because Mycoplasma spp. are fastidious in their growth requirements. 14 Mycoplasma Supplement contains fresh yeast extract and horse serum. Yeast extract provides the preformed nucleic acid precursors that are required by Mycoplasma spp.14 Horse serum supplies cholesterol, a growth stimulant.14 Mycoplasma Enrichment without Penicillin is a selective enrichment containing the inhibitor thallium acetate, to which a penicillin of choice (penicillin G or a broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin) can be added at the time of use to make it selective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Formulae Difco™ PPLO Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Heart, Infusion from 50 g..................................... 6.0 g Peptone..................................................................... 10.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 14.0 g Difco™ PPLO Broth Consists of the the same ingredients without the agar. pH 7.8 ± 0.2 BBL™ Mycoplasma Agar Base (PPLO Agar Base) Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Heart, Infusion from (solids).................................. 2.0 g Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 7.0 g Beef Extract.................................................................. 3.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 3.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 14.0 g pH 7.8 ± 0.2 BBL™ Mycoplasma Broth Base (PPLO Broth Base) Consists of the same ingredients without the agar. BBL™ Mycoplasma Broth Base (Frey) Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 7.5 g Papaic Digest of Soybean Meal..................................... 2.5 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 5.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Potassium Chloride...................................................... 0.4 g Magnesium Sulfate...................................................... 0.2 g Disodium Phosphate.................................................... 1.6 g Monopotassium Phosphate.......................................... 0.1 g pH 7.7 ± 0.2 Difco™ Mycoplasma Supplement Approximate Formula* Per 30 mL Vial Yeast Extract................................................................ 0.09 g Horse Serum.............................................................. 22.8 mL BBL™ Mycoplasma Enrichment without Penicillin Approximate Formula* Per 30 mL Vial Horse Serum.............................................................. 20.0 mL Yeast Extract (fresh autolysate)................................... 10.0 mL Thallium Acetate........................................................ 50.0 mg *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. Carrine Blank SP-4 medium An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digests of casein and gelatin, PPLO broth (without CV, i.e. without crystal violet), fetal bovine serum (fetal calf serum), CMRL 1066 medium (a mixture of amino acids, vitamins, co-factors, and organic micronutrients), yeast extract, and polymyxin B, Amphotericin B, and penicillin. Used for the growth of mycoplasmas. Carrine Blank SP-4 media From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/SP4Media.htm SP4 Broth, Plain**: Pancreatic Digest of Casein 10.0gm Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin 5.0gm PPLO Broth without CV 3.5gm Polymyxin B 50.0mg Amphotericin B 5.0mg Fetal Bovine Serum 170.0ml CMRL 1066 Medium (10X) 50.0ml Yeast Extract 35.0ml Yeastolate 10% 20.0ml Penicillin 1,000,000U Final pH at 25 degrees C.: SP4 Broth, Plain SP4 Broth with Arginine 7.0 +/- 0.2 horse blood agar Carrine Blank A solid microbiological culture medium (a blood agar), containing horse blood. horse blood agar slant culture medium A slant culture is where liquified (melted) solid medium has been added to a sterile test tube and allowed to solidify (cool) at an angle with respect to the horizontal, such that the solid medium surface is at an angle with respect to the sides of the test tube. The slant culture allows for a larger surface of the agar to be exposed to oxygen. blue green medium blue-green medium Carrine Blank BG media A mineral-salts, marine, liquid microbiological culture medium containing soil extract. Used for the growth of photoautotrophic microorganisms. http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/media/table/bg.html From: Moss,B. 1972. The influence of environmental factors on the distribution of freshwater algae: an experimental study. J. Ecol. 60:917-932. Blue-Green (BG) Medium This medium is made up in 2 parts. Autoclave parts 1 and 2 separately at 15 psi, allow to cool them then mix aseptically. For agar plates, add 15 g non-nutrient agar per L. Part 1: Tricine 0.50 g Soil extract (SE1) 25.00 mL Extra nutrient salts 3.75 mL Filtered natural seawater to 1.0 L Adjust pH to 7.6-7.8 with 1M NaOH or HCl. Part 2: NaNO3 1.500 g K2HPO4x3H2O 0.040 g MgSO4x7H2O 0.075 g CaCl2x2H2O 0.036 g Citric acid 0.006 g Ammonium ferric citrate green 0.006 g EDTANa2 0.001 g Na2CO3 0.020 g Trace metal solution 1.00 mL Distilled water to 1.0 L Adjust pH to 7.4. Extra nutrient salts: NaNO3 3.00 g Na2HPO4 0.12 g K2HPO4 0.10 g Distilled water to 100.0 mL Trace metal solution: H3BO3 0.286 g MnCl2x4H2O 0.022 g Na2MoO4x2H2O 0.039 g CuSO4x5H2O 0.008 g Co(NO3)2x6H2O 0.005 g Distilled water to 100 mL BG medium Lindstrom medium L-medium No. 16 Lindstrom media A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium comprised mainly of sodium bicarbonate. Used to cultivate autotrophic microorganisms from lakes. L 16 Carrine Blank From: Lindstrom, K. 1983. Selenium as a growth factor for plankton algae in laboratory experiments and in some Swedish lakes. Hydrobiologia 101:35-48. Macronutrients (all values mg per L) NaHCO3 84.00 NaNO3 12.75 CaCl2x2H2O 14.70 MgSO4x7H2O 12.32 K2HPO4 1.74 Na2SiO3x9H2O 1.14 Micronutrients FeCl3x6H2O 0.108 Na2MoO4x2H2O 0.048 ZnCl2 0.027 MnCl2x4H2O 0.010 CoCl2x6H2O 0.0096 Na2SeO3x5H2O 0.000184 EDTA 0.558 pH 8.1 Aa medium A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing sodium acetate, potassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium sulfide, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, nitrilotriacetic acid, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, zinc sulfate, resazurin, copper sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid), lipoic acid, biotin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (cobalamin). Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. Used for the growth of Methanosaeta concillii. Carrine Blank From: Patel GB. 1984. Characterization and nutritional properties of Methanothrix concilii sp. nov., a mesophilic, aceticlastic methanogen. Can J Microbiol 30:1383-1396. The composition of the Aa medium used for isolation and stock culture maintenance was as follows (in milligrams per litre): CH3COONa·3H2O, 6800; K2HPO4, 2190; KH2PO4, 1500; Na2CO3, 480; (NH4)2SO4, 450; cysteine-HCl, 125; Na2S·9H2O, 125; MgSO4·7H2O, 120; CaCl2·2H2O, 60; NaCl, 54; FeSO4 ·7H2O, 21; nitrilotriacetic acid, 15; MnSO4 · 2H2O, 5; CoCl2-6H2O, 1; ZnSO4·7H2O, I; resazurin, I; CuSO4·5H2O, 0.1; AIK(SO4)2- 12H2O, 0.1; H3BO3, 0.1; Na2Mo04·2H2O, 0.1; pyridoxine-HCl, 0.1; thiamine-HCl, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, lipoic acid, each 0.05; biotin and folic acid, each 0.02; vitamin B-12, 0.005. The Aa medium ingredients, except Na2CO3 and cysteine- Na2S, were 'mixed and adjusted to pH 7.8. The medium was then reduced with cysteine- Na2S, and Na2CO3 was added, using the Hungate (1950) technique. The reduced medium was dispensed in 10-mL aliquots into 60-mL serum vials (Miller and Wolin 1974) under 80% N2: 20% CO2 gas phase. The postautoclave (121°C, 15 min) pH was 7.2 ± 0.1. If the same medium contained 10000 mg/L of CH3COONa·3H20, it was referred to as AA medium. prokaryotic quality Carrine Blank Quality that inheres in a prokaryotic cell, group of cells, prokaryotic colony, or part of a prokaryotic cell. L-proline arylamidase assay using nitroanilide L-proline 4-nitroanilide Carrine Blank L-proline arylamidase that uses the substrate L-proline 4-nitroanilide (L-proline-p-nitroanilide). Proline arylamidase activity (which could be from proline aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) cleaves the substrate, releasing 4-nitroaniline which is bright yellow in color. A positive test is yellow; a negative test is colorless. Proline p-nitroanilide PRO L-proline-p-nitroanilide water filter A filter with a specified pore size that filters solid material above the specified pore size out of a liquid medium. Carrine Blank Berkefeld filter candle A gravity-driven water filter made by the British Berkefeld® company. Carrine Blank prokaryotic cell quality Physical object quality of a prokaryotic cell. Carrine Blank trichome pole Carrine Blank A trichome part, refering to the poles (terminal ends) of a prokaryotic trichome. May involve one cell or multiple cells along the trichome. mesophilic Carrine Blank Temperature optimum quality, where growth rates at moderate temperatures (20-40˚C) are higher than growth rates at other temperatures. ZoBell marine agar MA From: http://himedialabs.com/TD/M384.pdf Zobell Marine Agar 2216 Zobell Marine Agar 2216 is recommended for cultivation, isolation and enumeration of heterotrophic marine bacteria. Composition Ingredients (Gms/Litre) Peptic digest of animal tissue 5.000 Yeast extract 1.000 Ferric citrate 0.1000 Sodium chloride 19.450 Magnesium chloride 8.800 Sodium sulfate 3.240 Calcium chloride 1.800 Potassium chloride 0.550 Sodium bicarbonate 0.160 Potassium bromide 0.080 Strontium chloride 0.034 Boric acid 0.022 Sodium silicate 0.004 Sodium fluorate 0.0024 Ammonium nitrate 0.0016 Disodium phosphate 0.008 Final pH (25˚C) 7.6+/-0.2 MA2216 agar MA plates ZMA MA solid medium An organic-rich, mineral-salts, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and yeast extract in a base of artificial sea water. Used for the cultivation of heterotrophic marine microorganisms. Carrine Blank Marine agar MA medium marine agar 2216 Marine 2216 agar Zobell marine agar Zobell 2216E agar tryptic soy broth Trypticase soy broth From: Bacto™ Tryptic Soy Broth/Trypticase™ Soy Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Tryptic (Trypticase) Soy Broth (Soybean-Casein Digest Medium) is a general purpose medium used in qualitative procedures for the cultivation of fastidious and nonfastidious microorganisms from a variety of clinical and nonclinical specimens. Principles of the Procedure Enzymatic digests of casein and soybean provide amino acids and other complex nitrogenous substances. Dextrose is an energy source. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic equilibrium. Dibasic potassium phosphate acts as a buffer to control pH. The addition of 6.5% sodium chloride to Trypticase Soy Broth permits the differentiation of salt-tolerant enterococci, which are resistant to the high salt content, from the salt-intolerant S. bovis group and other streptococcal species. At this concentration, the sodium chloride is a selective agent that interferes with membrane permeability and osmotic and electrokinetic equilibria.4 Fildes Enrichment is a peptic digest of sheep blood that supplies the X (hemin) and V (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD) factors necessary for the growth of H. influenzae. Dextrose is omitted from the formula for Tryptic Soy Broth without Dextrose to permit use of the medium in fermentation studies. The carbohydrate concentration used most frequently in fermentation reactions is 0.5% or 1%. Tryptic Soy Broth and Trypticase Soy Broth are provided as prepared media in a variety of bottle styles. In addition, Tryptic Soy Broth is provided as a Sterile Pack Bottle; i.e., the bottle has been terminally sterilized inside of autoclavable double-bags. All varieties of bottled TSB conform with requirements for Ready- To-Use Media as described in the USP. Formulae Bacto™ Tryptic Soy Broth (Soybean-Casein Digest Medium) Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 17.0 g Papaic Digest of Soybean............................................. 3.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 2.5 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 2.5 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 BBL™ Trypticase™ Soy Broth (Soybean-Casein Digest Broth) Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 17.0 g Papaic Digest of Soybean............................................. 3.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 2.5 g Dextrose...................................................................... 2.5 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 Bacto™ Tryptic Soy Broth without Dextrose Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 17.0 g Enzymatic Digest of Soybean Meal............................... 3.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 2.5 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.3 ± 0.2 Soya broth media Tryptone soya broth An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of pancreatic digest of casein (casitone), papaic digest of soybean (soy peptone), dextrose (D-glucose), sodium chloride, and dipotassium phosphate (potassium dibasic phosphate). Tryptic soy broth Wikipedia:Tryptic_soy_broth Tryptic soy broth (frequently abbreviated as TSB) is used in microbiology laboratories as a culture broth to grow aerobic bacteria. It is frequently used in commercial diagnostics in conjunction with the additive Thio which promotes growth of anaerobes. Soya broth tryptic soy medium TSB Carrine Blank tryptic soy agar TSBA plates Tryptone soy agar TSA Tryptone Soya Agar TSA agar Tryptic soy broth agar Trypticase soy broth agar Trypticase soy agar TSBA Tryptic soy agar Trypticase-Soy agar An organic-rich, solid medium containing casitone (pancreatic digest of casein), Phytone peptone (papaic digest of soybean), and sodium chloride. Used for the cultivation of aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms. From: Tryptic Soy Agar/Trypticase™ Soy Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Tryptic (Trypticase) Soy Agar (TSA) is used for the isolation and cultivation of nonfastidious and fastidious microorganisms. It is not the medium of choice for anaerobes. Principles of the Procedure The combination of casein and soy peptones in TSA renders the medium highly nutritious by supplying organic nitrogen, particularly amino acids and longer-chained peptides. The sodium chloride maintains osmotic equilibrium. Agar is the solidifying agent. Haemophilus species may be differentiated by their requirements for X and V factors. Paper strips impregnated with these factors are placed on the surface of the medium after inoculation with the test organism. Following incubation, a zone of growth around the strip indicates a requirement for the factor(s). Formulae Difco™ Tryptic Soy Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 15.0 g Papaic Digest of Soybean............................................. 5.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 BBL™ Trypticase™ Soy Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 15.0 g Papaic Digest of Soybean............................................. 5.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. Carrine Blank prokaryotic metabolic process Carrine Blank A single-organism metabolic process that is present in a prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell. chemical mixture, serving as microbiological medium ingredients Carrine Blank A solid or liquid mixture of chemicals which are used as ingredients in microbiological culture media used to grow and propogate prokaryotic microorganisms. sub-cylindrical A flattened prokaryotic cell where the shape is partially spherical. sub-cylindrical thermophilic Carrine Blank Temperature optimum quality, where growth rates at elevated temperatures (40-85˚C) are higher than growth rates at ambient temperatures. filament septation Carrine Blank A filament of prokaryotic cells relating to the presence or absence of septa separating the individual cells that make up the filament. cyanobacterial filament part Carrine Blank Cell part of a cyanobacterial filament. filamentous distinctively shaped filament Carrine Blank A cell filament that has a distinctive shape. spatially differentiated filaments A filament morphological quality where the filaments have a particular spatial orientation with respect to a substrate or surface. Carrine Blank scytonematoid-branched filaments loop-formation loop formation Scytonema-like false branching filaments in loop-like formations common lateral loops Scytonema-type false scytonematoid branching S-type scytonematoid false branching False-branched filaments, where branches initiate at a necridic cell. Branches often appear as pairs. Carrine Blank filaments make sometimes typical loop-like lateral formations tolypothrixoid-branched filaments False-branched filaments, where branches initiate at a heterocyte. Branches only sometimes appear as pairs. tolypotrichoid branched Tolypothrix-type false branching Tolypothrix-like false branching Carrine Blank Tolypothrix-type Tolypothrix-like false branched T-type X-branched filaments X-branching Carrine Blank Chlorogloeopsis-type branching True-branched filaments, where the cells divide irregularly in different planes and form clusters of cells. The cells remain physiologically attached. irregular clustering T-branched filaments T-type branching Carrine Blank perpendicular branching true branching lateral (usually unilateral) laterally true branched T-type of branching branching type "T" type of branching: T-type branching of T-type erect true branches develop usually unilaterally after the lengthwise cell division true branching lateral Westiella-type lateral T-branching irregularly lateral true branched lateral T-type branching lateral Hapalosiphon-type branching lateral (T-type) Stigonema-type Fischerella-type zzzz 'inheres in' some (Stigonema or Fischerella or Hapalosiphon or Westiella) Westiella is in NCBI Tax browser, but not in OntoFox. True-branched filaments, where a cell in the trichome divides longitudinally (parallel to the axis of the filament) and the trichome branch starts to grow perpendicular to one side of the main trichome. T-branching V-branched filaments pseudodichotomous branches arise by longitudinal division of the apical cells Hyphomorpha-type branching type "V" Loriella-type pseudodichotomously true branched pseudodichotomously divaricated branches Carrine Blank zzzz 'inheres in' some (Hyphomorpha or Pulvinularia or Colteronema or Loriella or Mastigocoleopsis) - no NCBI entries. pseudodichotomously branched pseudodichotomously divaricated at the ends V-branching Mastigocoleopsis-type pseudodichotomous branchings pseudodichotomously divaricated V-type V-type of branching pseudodichotomous V-type True-branched filaments, where an apical cell divides longitudinally, from which grows obliquely two equivalent branches. branching lateral (V-type) pseudodichotomously divaricated free filaments pseudodichotomous reverse Y-branched filaments Carrine Blank reverse Y-like branching Y-type True-branched filaments, where branches arise in the intercalary (medial) cells after oblique cell division at an intercalary (medial cell). reverse Y-type Y-branching zzzz 'inheres in' some (Scytonema or Brachytrichia or Mastigocladus) Brachytrichia is in NCBI Tax Browser, but not in OntoFox. reverse Y-branching biseriate filament 2 2 Filament with one trichome in the sheath, where the trichome is two cells in width. Arises as a result of cell division occuring in two planes,one perpendicular to the axis of the trichome and one parallel to the axis of the trichome. bi-seriate Carrine Blank with 2 cells aside extracellular sheath An extracellular sheath in cyanobacteria is typically a laminated (lamellated, laminar), fibrillar, extracellular structure made of polysaccharides (glycan). It plays a role in desiccation tolerance and often contains pigments (such as scytonemin) which protect from photodamage caused by uv light. It also has proteins (including water stress proteins, pectases). Often multilayered and colored. Carrine Blank sheath trichome Wikipedia: trichome Algal trichomes Certain, usually filamentous, algae have the terminal cell produced into an elongate hair-like structure called a trichome. The same term is applied to such structures in some cyanobacteria, such as Spirulina and Oscillatoria. Cyanobacteria trichomes may be unsheathed, as in Oscillatoria, or sheathed, as in Calothrix.[1] These structures play an important role in preventing soil erosion, particularly in cold desert climates.[citation needed] The filamentous sheaths form a persistent sticky network that helps maintain soil structure. Carrine Blank A prokaryotic filament part, comprised of a chain of cells that has undergone binary fission in a single plane, where the cells remain attached after cell division. Found in the Nostocales and Stigonematales (Cyanobacteria). isopolar trichome apical cells not differentiated A prokaryotic trichome where the two poles of the trichome have the cell diameter (i.e., are symmetrical and not tapered). Caused by the development of a basal heterocyte. trichomes isopolar morphologically not diversified in "main" filaments and branches simple trichomes trichomes not distinctly diversified filaments simple Carrine Blank simple filaments apical cells morphologically not different from other cells heteropolar trichome filaments polarized A prokaryotic trichome where the two poles of the trichome have different cell diameters (i.e. trichomes are tapered on end end and asymmetrical). Caused by the development of a basal heterocyte. trichomes heteropolar filaments differentiated into basal and apical parts trichomes, oriented by their bases with heterocytes to their substrate and by their apical hir-like parts to the surface Carrine Blank free apical end filaments distinctly divided into basal end with a heterocyte and the apical end differentiating into basal and apical parts apical cell Carrine Blank free apical end A trichome cell that is located terminally in a trichome, and which has undergone differentiation. Found in trichomes with apical-basal polarity. susceptibility to lysis by hypotonic solution Prokaryotic cell wall lysis susceptibility that defines how susceptible the cell wall is to lysis when the cell is placed in the presence of an environment with an altered chemical composition (hypotonic solution). Carrine Blank basal prostrate filaments Filament orientation quality where erect filaments and prostrate filaments are present, refers to the basal filaments that are prostrate to the substrate. Carrine Blank necritic cell nectrotic cells Carrine Blank trichomes disintegrating in separated cells within filaments trichomes often disintegrate soon after heterocyte formation between heterocytes A trichome cell comprised of a cell that has undergone differentiation such that it is dead (nectritic). chroococcoid cell cluster chroococcoidal chroococcoid clusters of cells old trichomes change often in chroococcoid stages chroococcoid stage known chroococcal stages chroococcoid cell clusters arise Cell clusters, where the cells are chroococcoid (spherical). Carrine Blank differentiated meristematic zone not all cells capable of dividing not all cells capable to divide distinct merstematic zones Filament differentiation quality with respect to the positioning of the meristematic zone along the length of the trichome. not all cells capable of division Carrine Blank tapered trichome trichomes variable width Carrine Blank trichomes tapered Heteropolar trichome where the width of the trichome varies such that the trichome is tapered. trichome tapering hair cell apical hairs An apical cell or cells in a heteropolar filament that is differentiated to form an elongated hair-like extension. long tapering to the hair-like ends hair-like apical ends long hairs hair-like ends terminal hairs hyaline hairs in the apical part narrowed in elongated, cellular hair elongated hyaline cells hair formation hyaline cells cellular hair hairs Carrine Blank trichomes elongated in cellular hair-like ends apical hair-like ends hair-cells vacuolized apical cell vacuolized cells at the ends apical cells vacuolated vacuolized apical cells terminal cells vacuolized end cells sometimes vacuolated Carrine Blank Apical cell that is vacuolized (has gas vacuoles). morphologically distinctive apical cell Cyanobacterial filament part, where the apical cell is morphologically distinctive. Carrine Blank conical-rounded apical cell end cells conical-rounded rounded-conical apical cells Carrine Blank apical cells conical-rounded Apical cell that is conical-rounded (conical-blunt). conical apical cell apical cells conical end cells conical terminal cells conical Apical cell that is conical. terminal cells are conical Carrine Blank pointed apical cell pointed at the ends apical cells pointed Apical cell that is pointed (tapered). Carrine Blank pointed terminal cells rounded apical cell club-shaped ends of trichomes and branches end cells spherical terminal cells are rounded rounded apical cells rounded at the ends rounded terminal cell end cells rounded terminal cells rounded apical cells rounded Apical cell that is rounded (blunt). Carrine Blank rounded at the apex rounded end cells rounded apical cell end cells widely spherical end cells widely rounded end cells widened-rounded end cells rounded at apex elongated apical cell Apical cell that is elongated. apical cells long apical cells cylindrical terminal cells elongated apical cells elongated end cells cylindrical apical part elongated Carrine Blank narrowed apical cell apical cells narrowed terminal cells are narrowed end cells narrowed Carrine Blank apical part narrowed Apical cell that is narrowed (has decreased width). terminal cells narrow apical cell develops into nanocytes terminal cells of branches divide often repeatedly in nanocytes Apical cell quality related the developmental transformation of the apical cell into nanocytes. Carrine Blank transforms into nanocytes hyaline apical cell apical cells hyaline Apical cell that is hyaline (spindle-shaped). Carrine Blank elongated-rounded apical cell Apical cell that is elongated-rounded (elongated-blunt). Carrine Blank terminal cells elongated-rounded bluntly pointed apical cell Carrine Blank Pointed apical cell that is bluntly pointed (attenuate). end cells bluntly pointed terminal cells are bluntly pointed apical cells bluntly pointed sharply pointed apical cell apical cells acuminate apical cells sharply pointed Pointed apical cell that is sharply pointed (acuminate). Carrine Blank vacuolized sub-apical cell vacuolized subapical cells Carrine Blank Sub-apical cell quality where the sub-apical cell is vacuolized (has gas vacuoles). subterminal meristematic zones subapical meristematic zones Carrine Blank apical cells are not able to divide Meristematic zone position quality where the position is subterminal. terminal meristematic zones in the apical part sometimes with meristematic zones meristematic zons near the ends of branches Meristematic zone position quality where the position is terminal. Carrine Blank meristematic (mainly apical) zones tapered by apical widening branches dilated terminal portions end cells enlarged trichomes sometimes with slightly widened apical parts end cells widened-rounded end cells widened Tapered trichome quality where the trichome is wider at the apical end, and narrower at the basal end (cuneate-shaped). apical cell is larger than the other ones Carrine Blank tapered by apical narrowing apical cells attenuated Tapered trichome quality where the trichome is narrower at the apical end, and wider at the basal end (attenuate-shaped). trichomes widened at the base Carrine Blank trace elements solution TES Carrine Blank From: Irgens RL. 1977. Meniscus, a new genus of aerotolerant, gas-vacuolated bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 27(1):38-43. The TES, modified from Pfennig’s formula (personal communication), contained (per liter): ZnSO4x7H2O, 0.10 g; MnCl2x4H2O, 0.03 g; H3BO3, 0.3 g; CoCl2x6H20, 0.2 g; CuCl2x2H2O,0.01 g ; NiCl2x6H2O, 0.02 g; Na2MoO4x 2H2O, 0.03g; pH3 to 4. A trace elements solution containing zinc sulfate, manganese chloride, boric acid, cobalt chloride, copper chloride, nickel chloride, and sodium molybdate. Balch vitamin solution Carrine Blank From: Balch WE et al, 1979. Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group. Microbiol Rev 43(2):260. Trace vitamines (contains in milligrams per liter: biotin, 2; folic acid, 2; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 10; thiamine hydrochloride, 5; riboflavin, 5; nicotinic acid, 5; DL-calcium pantothenate, 5; vitamin B12, 0.1; p-aminobenzoic acid, 5; lipoic acid, 5) Also reported in Wolin EA, Wolin MJ, Wolfe RS. 1963. Formation of methane by bacterial extracts. J Biol Chem 238(8):2882-2886. A solution of vitamins containing biotin, folic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, cobalamin (vitamin B12), 4-aminobenzoic acid (p-aminobenzoic acid), and lipoic acid. Used to support growth of methanogenic archaea. Balch trace vitamines prokaryotic metabolite Carrine Blank A chemical entity produced by a prokaryotic cell, as a result of metabolism. organic chemical mixture Carrine Blank Organic compounds or mixtures of organic compounds added to culture media to support growth or metabolism of a microorganism. methane produced by methanogenesis methane production formation of methane methane formed CH4 formation Prokaryotic metabolite where methane is produced as a result of methanogenesis. CH4 formed forming CH4 produce methane CH4 as the product CH4 production methane generated methane as the product methanogens formation of CH4 production of CH4 CH4 generated methane formation Wikipedia:methanogenesis Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens. Organisms capable of producing methane have been identified only from the domain Archaea, a group phylogenetically distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria. The production of methane is an important and widespread form of microbial metabolism. In most environments, it is the final step in the decomposition of biomass. methanogenic CO2 reduction to methane produces CH4 CO2 reduction to CH4 methane as the end product CH4 as the end product methanogenesis produce CH4 methane produced CH4 produced Carrine Blank forming methane production of methane produces methane obligate methanogen Prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell, specialized for the production of methane. Found only in the archaeal domain of life. obligately methanogenic Carrine Blank undefined organic chemical mixture Carrine Blank A mixture of dry or liquid organic compounds added to culture media to support growth or metabolism of a microorganism. Because the exact composition of the mixture is unknown or uncharacterized, it is referred to as "undefined". tetrathionate reduction Carrine Blank The process in which tetrathionate is reduced to sulfide. microbiological medium ingredient, derived from aqueous extracts of animal tissues or fluids Undefined mixture of complex organic compounds deriving from the aqueous extraction (an extraction using water, such as hot water or steam) of animal organs, animal tissues, or animal secretions. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank microbiological medium ingredient, derived from extracts of microbial organisms Undefined mixtures of complex organic compounds deriving from the aqueous extraction (an extraction using water, such as hot water or steam) of microbial (prokaryotic or microbial eukaryotic) cells. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank microbiological medium ingredient, derived from oil Undefined mixtures of complex organic compounds derived from hydrophobic substances including lipids, fatty acids, and triacylglycerols, derived from the chemical or physical extraction of oil from an organism, the part of an organism, or a naturally occurring substance (such as crude oil). Carrine Blank microbiological medium ingredient, derived from extracts of proteinaceous material An undefined mixture of complex organic compounds (peptides, sometimes with additional undefined vitamins and cofactors) derived from enzymatic, acid, or base digests of protein from plant or animal sources. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank microbiological medium ingredient, derived from chemical hydrolysis of protein Undefined mixtures of complex organic compounds derived (typically amino acids) from the acid hydrolysis of animal or plant protein added to culture media. Carrine Blank microbiological medium ingredient, derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of protein BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised). Carrine Blank Protein hydrolysates, also called peptones, are the result of the enzymatic hydrolysis of protein. Trypticase peptone Biotrypticase Trademarked commercial name for pancreatic digest of casein (milk protein from cow's milk, Bos taurus), used for the culturing of microorganisms. Reference for Bio-trypticase: "Rapport de Mission au Centre National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Veterinaires de Nouakchott du 12/07 au 02/08/1999"; Institute Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles. Retired name for "peptone pancreatique du caseine"; produced by Bio-Merieux (www.biomerieux.com) or Oxoid (www.remel.com/Microbiology). From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): BBL™ Trypticase™ Peptone is a pancreatic digest of casein and is the primary nitrogen source in Trypticase Soy Broth and Agar. Ash content is 5.7% NaCl content is 0.1% Carrine Blank TrypticaseTM Peptone bio-trypticase Trypticase meat peptone An enzymatic hydrolysis of meat (muscle tissue) proteins from mixed animal (mammalian) sources, used for the culturing of microorganisms. From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): Meat peptones are proteins from animal sources that have been hydrolyzed, or broken down into amino acids and peptides, to provide nitrogen for microorganisms. Meat peptones can be tailored to specific nutritive needs of microorganisms by controlling the quality and origin of the protein, the quality and source of the enzyme used to digest the protein, and the methods used for hydrolysis, concentration and drying the peptone. Peptone manufacture methods are discussed in the section titled Hydrolysis to Hydrolysate. Sources of animal protein include meat from muscle tissue or offal (waste parts, entrails) and gelatin. Muscular tissue and offal are utilized fresh, frozen or dried. Gelatin is extracted by boiling collagen, the fibrous protein found in connective tissue, bone and cartilage. A variety of proteolytic enzymes, or proteases, may be used to accomplish enzymatic hydrolysis of animal protein. Pepsin and trypsin are widely used for animal peptone manufacture. Pepsin is isolated from porcine or other animal stomach. Trypsin, along with chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A, carboxypeptidase B, and elastase, are enzymes isolated from animal pancreas. Carrine Blank neopeptone Carrine Blank From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): Bacto™ Neopeptone is an enzymatic digest of protein. Neopeptone contains a wide variety of peptide sizes in combination with vitamins, nucleotides and minerals. Ash content is 6.9% NaCl content is 1.4% An enzymatic digest of meat, used for the culturing of microorganisms. peptone bacterial peptone An enzymatic digest of animal (mammalian) protein (of unspecified orgin), used for the culturing of microorganisms. peptones From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised).: Bacto™ Peptone is an enzymatic digest of animal protein. Bacto Peptone was first introduced in 1914 and became the standard Peptone for the preparation of bacteriological culture media. The nutritive value of Bacto Peptone is largely dependent on the amino acid content that supplies essential nitrogen. Bacto Peptone contains only a negligible quantity of proteoses and more complex constituents. Ash content is 6.9% NaCl content is 1.7% Carrine Blank Bacto-peptone Bacto Peptone polypeptone Carrine Blank A mixture of peptones (pancreatic digest of casein and peptic digest of animal/mammalian tissue - meat), used for the culturing of microorganisms. From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised).: BBL™ Polypeptone™ Peptone is a mixture of peptones made up of equal parts of pancreatic digest of casein and peptic digest of animal tissue. Polypeptone Peptone includes the high content of amino acids and small polypeptides characteristic of pancreatic digest of casein and the larger polypeptides characteristic of peptic digest of animal tissue. Ash content is 9.7% NaCl content is 2.7% proteose peptone From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised). The Bacto™ Proteose Peptones are enzymatic digests of protein. Studies of peptic digests of animal tissue prepared under varying digestion parameters led to the development of Proteose Peptone, Proteose Peptone No. 2 and Proteose Peptone No. 3. Data accumulated during these studies demonstrated that no one peptone is the most suitable nitrogen source for every microbiological application. Bacto Proteose Peptone No. 4 is a spray-dried version of Bacto Proteose Peptone. BiTek™ Proteose Peptone and BiTek Proteose Peptone No. 3 are enzymatic digests of protein, developed to offer alternatives to the Bacto Proteose Peptones for scale-up to production applications. Ash content is 7.8% NaCl content is 4.9% Peptic digest of animal tissue A peptic digest of protein derived from animal (mammalian) tissue, used for the culturing of microorganisms. meat peptic digest Carrine Blank Bacto(TM) Proteose Peptone bacto proteose peptone soy peptone soytone soya peptone bacto soytone A mixed enzymatic digest of flour made of the seed of the soybean (Hordeum vulgare), used for the culturing of microorganisms. Bacto™ Soytone papaic digest of soybean soytone Carrine Blank From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): Enzymeatic digests of soy flour. Soy contains several heat labile protease inhibitors. The most common way of eliminating these factors is to heat or toast the defatted soy beans in a processing plant under controlled conditions. Soy flour, the principle substrate in a soy peptone, is rich in high-quality protein, carbohydrates, calcium and B vitamins. The enzymes used in the digestion of soy flour are typically from animal-free sources or from microorganisms that have been grown in animal-free media. Ash content is 12% NaCl content is 0.2% tryptone Proteose Tryptone Bacto-Tryptone From: Wikipedia:Tryptone Tryptone is the assortment of peptides formed by the digestion of casein by the protease trypsin. An enzymatic hydrolysate of casein (a milk protein from cow's milk, Bos taurus) made using the hydrolytic enzyme trypsin, used for the culturing of microorganisms. bacto-tryptone Carrine Blank From BD Bionutrients(TM) Techical Manual (3rd edition, revised): Bacto™ Tryptone is a pancreatic digest of casein. It was developed by Difco Laboratories while investigating a peptone particularly suitable for the elaboration of indole by bacteria. It is also notable for the absence of detectable levels of carbohydrates. Ash content is 6.6% NaCl content is 0.0% Bacto Tryptone tryptose From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised).: Bacto™ Tryptose is a mixed enzymatic hydrolysate with distinctive nutritional properties. The digestive process of Tryptose results in assorted peptides of higher molecular weight suitable for long-chain amino acid requirements. Ash content is 8.8% NaCl content is 3.2% Carrine Blank A mixed enzymatic hydrolysate of protein (animal meat of unspecified origin), used for the cultivation of microorganisms. casamino acids From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): Bacto™ Casamino Acids is an acid hydrolysate of casein, prepared according to the method described by Mueller and Miller. The method described, reduces the sodium chloride and iron content of the hydrolyzed casein. This hydrolyzed casein, supplemented with inorganic salts, growth factors, cystine, maltose and an optimum amount of iron was used by Mueller and Miller to prepare diptheria toxin. Bacto Casamino Acids duplicate this specially treated hydrolyzed casein. Ash content is 18.3% NaCl content is 12.1% Casein Hydrolysate acid digest of casein Carrine Blank An acid hydrolysate of casein (milk protein from cow's milk, Bos taurus), used for the culturing of microorganisms. crude oil A complex mixture of unrefined petrolium hydrocarbons, pumped from subsurface geologic formations, used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank egg yolk oil Carrine Blank From Wikipedia: Yolk: The yolk of one large egg (50 g total, 17 g yolk) contains approximately: 2.7 g protein, 210 mg cholesterol, 0.61 g carbohydrates, and 4.51 g total fat. All of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are found in the egg yolk. Egg yolk is one of the few foods naturally containing vitamin D. The composition (by weight) of the most prevalent fatty acids in egg yolk is typically as follows: Unsaturated fatty acids: Oleic acid, 47% Linoleic acid, 16% Palmitoleic acid, 5% Linolenic acid, 2% Saturated fatty acids: Palmitic acid, 23% Stearic acid, 4% Myristic acid, 1% Oil extracted from yolk of chicken eggs, used in the cultivation of microorganisms. disproportionation of thiosulfate The process by which thiosulfate undergoes disproportionation to sulfate and hydrogen sulfide. Carrine Blank olive oil Carrine Blank Oil extracted from olives (the fruit of Olea europaea), used in the cultivation of microorganisms. From Wikipedia:Olive_oil: Olive oil is a fat obtained from the olive (the fruit of Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. The oil is produced by pressing whole olives. Olive oil is composed mainly of the mixed triglyceride esters of oleic acid and palmitic acid and of other fatty acids, along with traces of squalene (up to 0.7%) and sterols (about 0.2% phytosterol and tocosterols). glutamate deaminase assay glutamate dehydrogenase The purpose of this assay is to determine if a microbial isolate is capable of metabolizing glutamate. This enzyme is important for the synthesis of urea and in nitrogen assimilation. Glutamate is deaminated via a hydrolysis reaction to produce 2-oxoglutarate, ammonia, and either NADH or NADPH. Activity can be assayed using colorimetric assays for NADH production. 2-oxoglutarate is also known as alpha-ketoglutarate. Activity could also be determined using a pH sensitive indicator dye. Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the following reaction: L-Glutamate + H2O <-> 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH/NADHP + H+ L-Glutamate + H2O <-> alpha-ketoglutarate + NH3 + NADH/NADHP + H+ Carrine Blank archaea cell extract An extract made from archaeal cells, used for culturing microorganisms. Carrine Blank bacterial cell extract An extract made from bacterial cells, used for culturing microorganisms. Carrine Blank beef heart infusion From http://www.oxoid.com/UK/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM1032&cat=&sec=1: Heart Infusion Broth has been developed to give the same performance characteristics as Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth. However, as bovine brain is a specified risk material, the exclusion of it from the Heart Infusion Broth means that the regulatory requirements when using it are lower. The medium has been developed to give equivalent performance to Brain Heart Infusion but the exclusion of calf brain infusion means that Heart Infusion Broth carries a lower regulatory burden. Simple additions may be made to the medium to make it suitable for the cultivation of yeasts and moulds and for use in blood culture. A highly nutritious infusion medium recommended for the cultivation of streptococci, pneumococci, meningococci and other fastidious organisms. heart infusion Carrine Blank A water extract of bovine (Bos taurus) heart, used in the cultivation of microorganisms. bovine heart infusion brain heart infusion From Wikipedia:Brain_heart_infusion_broth: Brain-heart infusion broth (BHI broth or BHIB) is a highly nutritious general-purpose growth medium for culturing fastidious and nonfastidious microorganisms, such as streptococci, pneumococci and meningococci. It is made by boiling cow or porcine hearts and brains. Boiling releases soluble factors into the broth. The broth can then be turned into powder for easy distribution. BHI broth contains sodium chloride which is used to differentiate enterococci from nonenterococcal group D streptococci. BHI broth is often used in food safety, water safety, and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Carrine Blank Hot water extract of bovine (Bos taurus) or porcine (Sus scrofa) hearts and brains, used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Chlorella cell extract Carrine Blank An extract made from cellular paste from the culture of Chlorella spp., used for the culturing of microorganisms. Chlorella is a microscopic green alga in the Trebouxiophyceae. fecal extract From "Materials and Methods in the Study of Protozoa", pg. 21, by Harold Kirby, University of California Press, 1950: "One part of caecal contents is mixed with 9 parts of Ringer solution, and the mixture strained through a sieve and then through a funnel with a thick pad of absorbent cotten." Carrine Blank A water extract of fecal material derived from some animal (mammal), used in the cultivation of microorganisms. malt extract From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): Bacto™ Malt Extract is the water-soluble portion of malted barley. The extraction process breaks down the polysaccharides into simple sugars. After the malting process is complete, the extract is prepared from the malted barley by cracking the grain in a mill and then extracting the grain with a warm liquor. The resulting “wort” is filtered and evaporated or dried under vacuum. Ash content is 0.3% NaCl content is 0.2% Water-soluble extract of malted (i.e. germinated) seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare), used for the culturing of microorganisms. Prepared by malting the seed, cracking it (grinding) using a mill, heating it in water, then filtering the extract and drying it. Carrine Blank horse manure extract Carrine Blank manure extract A water extract of horse (Equus caballus) manure, used for the culturing of microorganisms. From "Report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University, Ithaca, and of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station", v. 25, Part 1, 1913, pg. 431: Manure extract agar. - Prepared as follows: To 100 grams of well-rotted horse manure was added 500 cc. of distilled water. This was allowed to stand for twenty-four hours at room temperature and then filtered. The filtrate was used as a stock solution. meat extract A water extract of animal (mammalian) meat, used for the culturing of microorganisms. From Wikipedia:Meat_extract: Meat extract is highly concentrated meat stock, usually made from beef. Carrine Blank pine needle extract From Jeaon, J-R & Kim, J-Y. 2006. Effects of pine needle extract on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and obesity in high-fat diet fed rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29(10):2111-2115: Pine needles were collected from Kyungbook Province, Republic of Korea, and were extracted using 20 kg of water for 2 h at 80 °C. The extract was filtered, and was then freeze-dried at 40 °C. Pine needle water extract (PNE) was stored at 4 °C until use. A hot water extract of pine needles (the adult leaves of Pinus spp.), used for the culturing of microorganisms. Formed as result of heating pine needles in warm water, filtering the extract and then drying it. Carrine Blank soya extract From Roubos-van den Hil, Dalmas, Nout & Abee. 2009. Soya bean tempe extracts show antibacterial activity against Bacillus cerus cells and spores. J. Appl. MIcrobiol. 109(1):137-145: Fermented soya beans (tempe) and cooked soya beans, were freeze-dried and grounded passing through a 0·5-mm sieve (Ultra Centrifugal Mill ZM 200, Retsch GmbH, Haan, Germany) and were stored at −20°C until further processing. Freeze-dried products were suspended in distilled water (60 g l−1) and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 3 h at room temperature. The pH was continually checked and adjusted to pH 8·0 with 1 mol l−1 NaOH. To obtain clear supernatants, the soluble extract was obtained by three consecutive centrifugation steps (10 min, 10 000 g, 20°C). Supernatants were freeze-dried and soluble dry matter was stored at −20°C and used as soya bean soluble dry matter in experiments. A water extract of ground beans (the seed) of soya (Glycine max), used for the culturing of microorganisms. Formed by fermenting the beans, heating (cooking) them, filtering the material and freeze dyring it. Next, the material is hydrated, treated with sodium hydroxide, centrifuged and freeze-dried. Soybean extract Soy extract Soya bean extract Carrine Blank yeast extract Yeast extrakt From www.SigmaAldrich.com: A water soluble extract of autolyzed yeast cells. Yeast extract is a mixture of amino acids, peptides, water soluble vitamins and carbohydrates and can be used as additive for culture media. A water-soluble extract of autolyzed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), used for the culturing of microorganisms. Carrine Blank From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): Bacto™ Yeast Extract is one of the most complete and versatile fermentation bionutrients available. It is an important ingredient for the microbiological assay of vitamins. Yeast extract is also of value in the assay of antibiotics. B factor, a growth substance necessary for the production of rifampin in a Nocardia sp., can be isolated from yeast extract Ash content is 11.2% NaCl content is 0.1% Yeastrel beef extract A water extract of beef (Bos taurus) protein, used for the culturing of microorganisms. beef infusion Carrine Blank From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised).: Beef Extract is derived from infusion of beef and provides an undefined source of nutrients. Beef Extract is not exposed to the harsh treatment used for protein hydrolysis, so it can provide some of the nutrients lost during peptone manufacture. Beef Extract is a mixture of peptides and amino acids, nucleotide fractions, organic acids, minerals and some vitamins. “Its function can therefore be described as complementing the nutritive properties of peptone by contributing minerals, phosphates, energy sources and those essential factors missing from peptone.” Beef Extract Powder is a meat extract dried to powder form. Bacto™ Beef Extract, Desiccated, is the dried form of Beef Extract paste. Ash content is 9.3% NaCl content is 0.3% Gram stain assay Cell staining assay where a cell staining assay, performed by staining a smear of prokaryotic cells with two stains (Crystal Violet or Safranin). Delineates prokaryotes into two major groups (Gram positive and Gram negative, although results can be ambiguous in some taxa) that results from the different staining of cell wall types. Wikipedia:Gram_staining Gram staining, also called Gram's method, is a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram-negative). The name comes from the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, who developed the technique. Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls by detecting peptidoglycan, which is present in a thick layer in gram-positive bacteria.[1] In a Gram stain test, gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye, while a counterstain (commonly safranin or fuchsine) added after the crystal violet gives all Gram-negative bacteria a red or pink coloring. Carrine Blank zzzz has_participant some [ChEBI] safranin - Safranin is not in ChEBI yet. morphologically distinct prokaryotic cell A prokaryotic cell, or group of cells, having a distinct morphology (shape or size). Carrine Blank prokaryotic colony quality Carrine Blank Physical object quality of a prokaryotic colony. triple sugar iron agar TSI An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium that contains peptones, three sugars (glucose, lactose, and sucrose), ferric iron, thiosulfate, and phenol red (a pH indicator). If the sugars are fermented, the pH indicator will turn red indicating a lowered pH. If hydrogen sulfide is produced, the ferric iron will be reduced to ferrous sulfide, producing a black color. From: http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/2842-triple-sugar-iron-agar-protocols RECIPE Pancreatic digest of casein USP (see Note) 10.0 g Peptic digest of animal tissue USP (see Note) 10.0 g Glucose 1.0 g Lactose 10.0 g Sucrose 10.0 g Ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate 0.2 g NaCl 5.0 g Sodium thiosulfate 0.3 g Phenol red 0.024 g Agar 13.0 g Distilled water 1,000 mL Note: The following combination of ingredients can substitute for the first two components listed: beef extract, 3.0 g; yeast extract, 3.0 g; and peptone, 20.0 g. Combine ingredients, and adjust the pH to 7.3. Boil to dissolve the agar, and dispense into tubes. Sterilize by autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min. Cool in a slanted position to give a 2.5-cm butt and a 3.8-cm slant. Carrine Blank triple sugar iron agar TSIA Carrine Blank Triple sugar iron agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains peptones, three sugars (glucose, lactose, and sucrose), ferric iron, thiosulfate, and phenol red (a pH indicator). If the sugars are fermented, the pH indicator will turn red indicating a lowered pH. If hydrogen sulfide is produced, the ferric iron will be reduced to ferrous sulfide, producing a black color. From:http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/2842-triple-sugar-iron-agar-protocols RECIPE Pancreatic digest of casein USP (see Note) 10.0 g Peptic digest of animal tissue USP (see Note) 10.0 g Glucose 1.0 g Lactose 10.0 g Sucrose 10.0 g Ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate 0.2 g NaCl 5.0 g Sodium thiosulfate 0.3 g Phenol red 0.024 g Agar 13.0 g Distilled water 1,000 mL Note: The following combination of ingredients can substitute for the first two components listed: beef extract, 3.0 g; yeast extract, 3.0 g; and peptone, 20.0 g. Combine ingredients, and adjust the pH to 7.3. Boil to dissolve the agar, and dispense into tubes. Sterilize by autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min. Cool in a slanted position to give a 2.5-cm butt and a 3.8-cm slant. macroscopic optical quality assay An optical quality assay of a single prokaryotic cell, determined by visualization of a liquid culture of a prokaryotic microorganism (i.e., a clonal liquid suspension in a liquid culture medium). Carrine Blank pigmented cell Carrine Blank A prokaryotic cell that is pigmented (in that it has a color imparted by a chemical pigment compound). N-benzoyl-L-leucine peptidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate N-benzoyl-L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide. opalescent turbidity irridescent Carrine Blank irridescence opalescence The optical quality of a liquid culture of clonal prokaryotic organisms, which exhibits opalescent turbidity (refracting different wavelengths of light under white light illumination, or iridescence) after gentle shaking. tyrosine agar Carrine Blank From: http://www.atcc.org/~/media/DF06C418BB3A44189AD1A3CEB59B8D6E.ashx ATCC Medium: 1776 Tyrosine Agar (ISP Medium 7) Glycerol 15.0 g L-Tyrosine 0.5 g L-Asparagine 1.0 g K2HPO4 0.5 g MgSO4x7H2O 0.5 g NaCl 0.5 g FeSO4x7H2O 10.0 mg Trace elemetns solution Ho-Le (see below) 1.0 mL Agar 20.0 g Distilled water 1.0 L Adjust medium for final pH 7.3 +/- 0.1. Autoclave at 121C for 15 minutes. Trace Elements Solution Ho-Le: H3BO3 2.85 g MnCl2x4H2O 1.8g FeSO4 1.36 g Sodium tartrate 1.77 g CuCl2x2H2O 26.9 mg ZnCl2 20.8 mg CoCl2x6H2O 40.4 mg Na2MoO4x2H2O 25.2 mg Distilled water 1.0 L L-tyrosine agar An organic-rich, mineral-salts, solid microbiological culture medium containing glycerol, tyrosine, asparagine, and minerals salts. Used for the growth of Streptoalloteichus. endospore Carrine Blank sporulating spore-forming From Wikipedia:endospore: An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum. The name "endospore" is suggestive of a spore or seed-like form (endo means within), but it is not a true spore (i.e., not an offspring). It is a stripped-down, dormant form to which the bacterium can reduce itself. Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients, and usually occurs in Gram-positive bacteria. In endospore formation, the bacterium divides within its cell wall. One side then engulfs the other. Endospores enable bacteria to lie dormant for extended periods, even centuries. Revival of spores millions of years old has been claimed. When the environment becomes more favorable, the endospore can reactivate itself to the vegetative state. Most types of bacteria cannot change to the endospore form. Examples of bacteria that can form endospores include Bacillus and Clostridium. A differentiated prokaryotic cell, found in the Firmicutes, which is specialized for extreme tolerance to desiccation, radiation, and exposure to ultraviolet light. Characterized by thick cell walls. spore-former gas vacuole Wikipedia:bacterial_cell_structure Gas vacuoles are membrane-bound, spindle-shaped vesicles, found in some planktonic bacteria and Cyanobacteria, that provides buoyancy to these cells by decreasing their overall cell density. Positive buoyancy is needed to keep the cells in the upper reaches of the water column, so that they can continue to perform photosynthesis. They are made up of a shell of protein that has a highly hydrophobic inner surface, making it impermeable to water (and stopping water vapour from condensing inside) but permeable to most gases. Because the gas vesicle is a hollow cylinder, it is liable to collapse when the surrounding pressure becomes too great. aerotopes gas vesicles vacuolized gas vacuole gas-vacuolated An intracellular non-membran-bound organelle (cytoplasmic vesicle) made of protein which functions to provide buoyancy to the cell in the water column. Carrine Blank intracellular granule Cytoplasmic part which forms a distinctive granular particle, which may or may not be visible using light microscopy. granule granulated globule granular central granule intracellular globule Wikipedia:granule_(cell biology) In cell biology, a granule is a small particle. It can be any structure barely visible by light microscopy. Carrine Blank granulated magnetosome Wikipedia:magnetosome Magnetosome chains are membranous prokaryotic structures present in magnetotactic bacteria. They contain 15 to 20 magnetite crystals that together act like a compass needle to orient magnetotactic bacteria in geomagnetic fields, thereby simplifying their search for their preferred microaerophilic environments. Each magnetite crystal within a magnetosome is surrounded by a lipid bilayer, and specific soluble and transmembrane proteins are sorted to the membrane. Recent research has shown that magnetosomes are invaginations of the inner membrane and not freestanding vesicles. Magnetite-bearing magnetosomes have also been found in eukaryotic magnetotactic algae, with each cell containing several thousand crystals. Carrine Blank Intracellular membrane-bound organelle that form chains, comprised of magnetic iron minerals that function to orient the cell axis along the Earth's magnetic field lines. Found in magnetotactic prokaryotes. isopolar subsymmetric An isopolar trichome morphology quality where heterocysts are rarely present along the length of the trichome such that the trichome morphology is asymmetric. Carrine Blank xylose minimal medium XeMM From:Humphry DR, George, A, Black GW, Cumming& s SP. 2001. Flavobacterium frigidarium sp. nov., an aerobic, psychrophilic, xylanolytic and laminarinolytic bacterium from Antarctica. IJSEM 51:1235-1243. Minimal medium (MM) containing the following (w/v): 0.02% FeSO4, 0.02% MgSO4, 0.075% KNO3, 0.05% K2HPO4 and 0.004% CaCl2. The pH was adjusted to 7.2 with 1 M NaOH or 1M HCl. A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium comprised of ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, and calcium chloride, supplemented with 0.5% w/v xylose. Used for the cultivation of Flavobacterium frigidarium. Carrine Blank dispersed thylakoids irregular thylakoids Thylakoid-containing cell where thylakoids are dispered irregularly (asymmetrically) throughout the interior of the cell. dispersed thylakoids Carrine Blank parietal thylakoids peripherally stacked thylakoid radially arranged thylakoids concentrically arranged thylakoids concentric thylakoid membranes Carrine Blank Thylakoid-containing cell where thylakoids are located around the inside periphery of the interior of the cell. parietal thylakoids radial thylakoids radial thylakoids Carrine Blank Thylakoid-containing cell where thylakoids are distributed throughout the inside of the cell and have a radial (like spokes on a wheel) arrangement. greigite magnetosome Carrine Blank Intracellular membrane-bound organelle that form chains, comprised of magnetic iron minerals made of greigite that function to orient the cell axis along the Earth's magnetic field lines. Found in magnetotactic prokaryotes. Wikipedia:magnetosome Magnetotactic bacteria usually mineralize either iron oxide magnetosomes, which contain crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4), or iron sulfide magnetosomes, which contain crystals of greigite (Fe3S4). magnetite magnetosome Intracellular membrane-bound organelle that form chains, comprised of magnetic iron minerals made of magnetite that function to orient the cell axis along the Earth's magnetic field lines. Found in magnetotactic prokaryotes. Wikipedia:magnetosome Magnetotactic bacteria usually mineralize either iron oxide magnetosomes, which contain crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4), or iron sulfide magnetosomes, which contain crystals of greigite (Fe3S4). Carrine Blank granulated cell Carrine Blank A prokaryotic cell which has intracellular granules. gas vacuole quality A prokaryotic cell part quality that has gas vacuoles (gas vesicles). Carrine Blank intracellular carbon storage granule Carrine Blank An intracellular granule that is specialized for the storage of carbon. intracellular nitrogen storage granule An intracellular granule that is specialized for the storage of nitrogen. Carrine Blank intracellular phosphorus storage granule An intracellular granule that is specialized for the storage of nitrogen. Carrine Blank intracellular sulfur granule intracellular sulfur globule Intracellular granule composed of elemental sulfur. sulfur globule sulphur granule Wikipedia:Chromatiaceae The Chromatiaceae are the main family of purple sulfur bacteria. Many members conduct an anoxygenic photosynthesis. They are distinguished from the Ectothiorhodospiraceae by producing sulfur globules and storing them within their cells. sulphur globule Carrine Blank intracellular sulphur globule cell having small gas vacuole small gas vacuole A gas vacuolated cell, were gas vacuoles are small (decreased) in size. small vesicles Carrine Blank small vacuole cell having large gas vacuole large vacuole A gas vacuolated cell, were gas vacuoles are large (increased) in size. Carrine Blank large vesicles large gas vacuole gas vacuolated cell vacuolated vesicles vaculoes Carrine Blank vesiculated A prokaryotic cell that has gas vacuoles (gas vesicles). polyphosphate granule volutin granule metachromatic granule Intracellular phosphorus storage granule composed of polyphosphate. Wikipedia:volutin_granules Volutin granules are an intracytoplasmic (inside the cytoplasm of a cell) storage form of complexed inorganic polyphosphate, the production of which is used as one of the identifying criteria when attempting to isolate Corynebacterium diphtheriae on Löffler's medium. Polyphosphate granules are called metachromatic granules due to their displaying the metachromatic effect; they appear red or blue when stained with the blue dyes methylene blue or toluidine blue. Carrine Blank cyanophycin granule Wikipedia:cyanophycin Cyanophycin, or multi-L-arginyl-poly (L-aspartic acid), is a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups. Carrine Blank Intracellular carbon and nitrogen storage granule composed of cyanophycin macromolecules. yeast water medium Filippini M, Svercel M, Laczko E, Kaech A, Ziegler U & Bagheri HC. 2011. Fibrella aestuarina gen. nov., sp. nov., a filamentous bacterium of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from a tidal flat, and emended description of the genus Rudanella Weon et al. 2008. IJSEM 61:184-189. 0.5% yeast water Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium consisting of a solution of yeast extract (0.5%) in water. From: Filippini M, Kaech A, Ziegler U & Bagheri HC. 2011. Fibrisoma limi gen. nov., sp. nov., a filamentous bacterium isolated from tidal flats. IJSEM 61:1418-1424. 0.5% yeast water poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate granule Carrine Blank Wikipedia:polyhydroxyalkanoates Polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHAs are linear polyesters produced in nature by bacterial fermentation of sugar or lipids. They are produced by the bacteria to store carbon and energy. More than 150 different monomers can be combined within this family to give materials with extremely different properties. These plastics are biodegradeable and are used in the production of bioplastics. PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate Intracellular carbon storage granule composed of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate. poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid granule polyhydroxybutyric acid Intracellular carbon storage granule composed of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Carrine Blank PHB polyhydroxybutyrate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate Wikipedia:polyhydroxybutyrate Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are of interest as bio-derived and biodegradable plastics. The poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) form of PHB is probably the most common type of polyhydroxyalkanoate, but other polymers of this class are produced by a variety of organisms: these include poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), polyhydroxyhexanoate (PHH), polyhydroxyoctanoate (PHO) and their copolymers. starch granule starch Intracellular carbon storage granule composed of starch. Carrine Blank coursely granulated course granules large granule Carrine Blank Granulated cell, where the granual size is coarse (has an increased size). finely granulated fine granules Carrine Blank Granulated cell, where the granule size is fine (has a decreased size). numerously granulated 2 numerous granules Granulated cell, where there are many granules (an increased number) per cell. Carrine Blank singularly granulated 1 single granule solitary granules Granulated cell, where there are one granule per cell. Carrine Blank singular granule central endospore Carrine Blank An endospore that forms in the middle of the cell. lateral endospore Carrine Blank An eEndospore that forms laterally to the long axis of a cell. subterminal endospore Carrine Blank An endospore that forms near the ends (or the poles) of the cell, but not at the extreme ends of the cell. terminal endospore Carrine Blank An endospore that forms at the pole (end) of the cell. filaments Amorphously described generic term for filament- or pili-like structures. tuft of filaments pili-like structures Carrine Blank akinete Carrine Blank A differentiated prokaryotic cell, found in the Nostocales (Cyanobacteria), which play a role in dormancy (such as overwintering in lake sediments). Characterized by thick cell walls. From Wikipedia:akinete: An akinete is a thick-walled dormant cell derived from the enlargement of a vegetative cell. It serves as a survival structure. It is a resting cell of cyanobacteria and unicellular and filamentous green algae. Under magnification, akinetes appear thick walled with granular-looking cytoplasms. akinete, adjacent to heterocyte akinetes adjacent to heterocysts Rippka, Castenholz & Herdman, 2001, in Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 1, 2nd ed., pg 563. An akinete which is proximally located to a heterocyst. paraheterocytic Carrine Blank akinete, distal to heterocyte Carrine Blank apoheterocytic An akinete that isdistally located from the heterocytes. May occur multiply in chains that, in the absence of combined nitrogen, are initiated at a site that is equidistant from two intercalary or terminal heterocysts. akinetes distant from heterocysts Rippka, Castenholz & Herdman, 2001, in Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 1, 2nd ed., pg 563. yeast extract tryptone medium Carrine Blank YT YT broth An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of casein, yeast extract, and sodium chloride. Used for the cultivation of Escherichia coli. From: 2x Yeast Extract Tryptone (2X YT) Medium (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use 2x YT Medium is used for cultivating recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. Principles of the Procedure Peptone and yeast extract provide the necessary nutrients and cofactors required for excellent growth of E. coli. Sodium chloride is included to provide a suitable osmotic environment. 2x YT Medium formula per Liter: Pancreatic digest of casein 16.0 g Yeast extract 10.0 g Sodium chloride 5.0 g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 yeast extract tryptone agar Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of casein, yeast extract, and sodium chloride. Used for the cultivation of Escherichia coli. From: 2x Yeast Extract Tryptone (2X YT) Medium (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use 2x YT Medium is used for cultivating recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. Principles of the Procedure Peptone and yeast extract provide the necessary nutrients and cofactors required for excellent growth of E. coli. Sodium chloride is included to provide a suitable osmotic environment. 2x YT Medium formula per Liter: Pancreatic digest of casein 16.0 g Yeast extract 10.0 g Sodium chloride 5.0 g Agar pH 7.0 ± 0.2 YT agar Todd-Hewitt medium Carrine Blank Todd-Hewitt broth Todd Hewitt Broth From: http://www.neogen.com/Acumedia/pdf/ProdInfo/7161_PI.pdf Intended Use Todd Hewitt Browth is used for the cultivation of steptococci and other fastidious microorganisms. Formula / Liter: Heart infusion (dehydrate) 3.1 g Yeast enriched peptone 20 g Dextrose 2 g Sodium chloride 2 g Disodium phosphate 0.4 g Sodium carbonate 2.5 g Final pH: 7.8 +/- 0.2 at 25˚C. Directions: 1. Dissolve 30 g of the medium in one liter of purified water. 2. Heat with frequent agitation to compeltely dissolve the medium. 3. Autoclave at 121 ˚C for 15 minutes. An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing heart infusion (beef heart infusion), yeast enriched peptone (Biosate peptone), dextrose (D-glucose), sodium chloride, disodium hydrogenphosphate, and sodium carbonate. Used for the cultivation of Streptococci. sheath sheath Carrine Blank mucilaginous slime mucilage Castenholz, 2001, in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1, 2nd ed., pg. 474. An "envelope" outside of the outer membrane.... variously called the sheath, glycocalyx, or capsule, or depending on the consistency, may be referred to as gel, mucilage, or slime. Many sheaths show a microfibrillar substructure. The sheaths of cyanobacteria are predominantly composed of polysaccharide, but in some strains >20% of the weight may consist of polypeptides. ... pigments may accumulate and mask the color of the cells. capsule extracellular polymeric material Part of the glycocalyx, or envelope of a prokaryotic cell, that lies outside the outer membrane. gel gelatinous matrix mucous extracellular polymeric substance ensheathed EPS exopolysaccharide laminated sheath layered sheath striated steath lamillated sheath A sheath having a layered, laminated (i.e., laminar) structure. striated sheathed structure Carrine Blank pigmented sheath A sheath that is pigmented (contains pigmented compounds). colored sheath Carrine Blank proteinaceous sheath A sheath comprised largely of protein. Carrine Blank tryptone glucose extract agar Carrine Blank From: Tryptone Glucose Extract Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Tryptone Glucose Extract Agar is used for cultivating and enumerating microorganisms in water and dairy products. Principles of the Procedure Nutrients, including amino acids, carbon compounds, carbohydrates, minerals and trace substances, are supplied by the tryptone, beef extract and dextrose. Agar is the solidifying agent in Tryptone Glucose Extract Agar. Formulae Difco™ Tryptone Glucose Extract Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Extract.................................................................. 3.0 g Tryptone...................................................................... 5.0 g Dextrose (Glucose)....................................................... 1.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 7.0 ± 0.2 Difco™ m TGE Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Extract.................................................................. 6.0 g Tryptone.................................................................... 10.0 g Dextrose (Glucose)....................................................... 2.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.0 ± 0.2 An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing beef extract, tryptone, and glucose. Used for cultivation of microorganisms from water and dairy products. TGE agar pseudopeptidoglycan-based cell wall pseudomurein Wikipedia:pseudopeptidoglycan Pseudopeptidoglycan (also known as pseudomurein) is a major cell wall component of some archaea that differs from bacterial peptidoglycan in chemical structure, but resembles eubacterial peptidoglycan in morphology, function, and physical structure. The basic components are N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid (peptidoglycan has N-acetylmuramic acid instead), which are linked by β-1,3-glycosidic bonds. Lysozyme, a host defense mechanism, is ineffective against organisms with pseudopeptidoglycan cell walls. Lysozyme can break β-1,4-glycosidic bonds to degrade peptidoglycan; however, pseudopeptidoglycan has β-1,3-glycosidic bonds, rendering lysozyme useless. Carrine Blank Cell wall composed a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid (2-amino-2-deoxy-L-taluronic acid), linked by beta-1,3-glycosidic bonds. Found in the archaeal domain of life. Biosate peptone yeast enriched peptone From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): BBL™ Biosate™ Peptone is a mixed hydrolysate comprised of 65% pancreatic digest of casein and 35% yeast extract. Ash content is 7.7% NaCl content is 0.3% BBL(TM) Biosate(TM) Peptone A mixed hydrolysate of pancreatic digest of casein (65%) and yeast extract (35%). Biosate is a Trademark of BD. Carrine Blank teichoic acid-based cell wall Carrine Blank Wikipedia:teichoic acid Teichoic acids (cf. Greek τεῖχος, teīkhos, "wall", more specifically a fortification wall, as opposed to τοῖχος, toīkhos, a regular wall) are bacterial polysaccharides of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate linked via phosphodiester bonds. Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria such as species in the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium and Listeria, and appear to extend to the surface of the peptidoglycan layer. Teichoic acids are not found in Gram-negative bacteria. They can be covalently linked to N-acetylmuramic acid of the peptidoglycan layer, to the lipids of the cytoplasmic membrane, or to a terminal D-alanine in the tetrapeptide crosslinkage between N-acetylmuramic acid units. Teichoic acids that remain anchored to lipids are referred to as lipoteichoic acids, while teichoic acids that are covalently bound to peptidoglycan are referred to as wall teichoic acids. Cell wall composed of polysaccharides of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate linked via phosphodiester bonds, found in the peptidoglycan cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. TBBP medium An organic-rich, liquid medium containing animal and plant peptones and sodium chloride. Supplemented with sheep blood, yeast extract, bacitracin, and polymyxin B. Used for the cultivation of Capnocytophaga spp. Carrine Blank From: Mashimo PA, Yamamoto Y, Nakamura M & Slots J. 1983. Selective recovery of oral Capnocytophaga spp. with sheep blood agar containing bacitracin and polymyxin B. J Clin Microbiol 17:187-91. TBBP medium consists of 4% Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Coceysville, Md.), 5% sheep blood, 0.1 % yeast extract, 50 micrograms of bacitracin per mL, and 100 micrograms of polymyxin B per mL. TBBP agar Carrine Blank From: Mashimo PA, Yamamoto Y, Nakamura M & Slots J. 1983. Selective recovery of oral Capnocytophaga spp. with sheep blood agar containing bacitracin and polymyxin B. J Clin Microbiol 17:187-91. TBBP medium consists of 4% Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Coceysville, Md.), 5% sheep blood, 0.1 % yeast extract, 50 micrograms of bacitracin per mL, and 100 micrograms of polymyxin B per mL. An organic-rich, solid medium containing animal and plant peptones and sodium chloride. Supplemented with sheep blood, yeast extract, bacitracin, and polymyxin B. Used for the cultivation of Capnocytophaga spp. diazocyte Carrine Blank A prokaryotic differentiated cell capable of nitrogen fixation, found in Trichodesmium species (Cyanobacteria). Diazocytes are mostly found in the center cells of Trichodesmium filaments. From Sandh, Xu & Bergman, 2012, Diazocyte development in the marine diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Microbiology 158:345-352.: The establishment of non-diazotrophic cultures of the filamentous marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 enabled the first detailed investigation of the process leading to the development of its unique nitrogen-fixing cell type, the diazocyte. extracellular mineral precipitates Carrine Blank Crystalline, microcystalline, nanocrystalline, or amorphous inorganic chemical precipitates that form outside the cell as a result of the local presence of the cell or the activities of the cell. extracellular iron precipitates Carrine Blank extracellular iron Crystalline, microcystalline, nanocrystalline, or amorphous inorganic chemical precipitates of iron minerals that form outside the cell as a result of the local presence of the cell or the activities of the cell. extracellular sulfur globule Crystalline, microcystalline, nanocrystalline, or amorphous inorganic chemical precipitates of elemental sulfur that forms outside the cell as a result of the local presence of the cell or the activities of the cell. Produced by Ectothiorhodospiraceae. extracellular sulphur granule extracellular sulfur globule Wikipedia:Ectothiorhodospiraceae The Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a family of purple sulfur bacteria, distinguished by producing sulfur globules outside of their cells. Carrine Blank fimbriae Carrine Blank A pilus, that is thin and short. fimbriated Wikipedia:Fimbria_(bacteriology) In bacteriology, a fimbria [(plural fimbriae); also referred to as a pilus (plural pili) by some scientists] is an appendage composed of curlin proteins that can be found on many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria that is thinner and shorter than a flagellum. This appendage ranges from 3-10 nanometers in diameter and can be up to several micrometers long. Fimbriae are used by bacteria to adhere to one another and to adhere to animal cells and some inanimate objects. A bacterium can have as many as 1,000 fimbriae. Fimbriae are only visible with the use of an electron microscope. They may be straight or flexible. fimbria SWC medium A dilute organic-containing, liquid microbiological culture medium containing tryptone, yeast extract, beef extract, and acetate, in a base of half-strength artifical seawater. From: Irgens Rl, Suzuki I, Staley JT. 1989. Gas vacuolate bacteria obtained from marine waters of Antarctica. Curr Microbiol 18:261-5. SWC contained (per liter of 1/2 strength artificial seawater [ASW]): tryptone, 0.5 g; yeast extract, 0.5 g; beef extract, 0.2 g; sodium acetate, 0.2 g. The pH was adjusted to 7.6 with a dilute solution of NaOH. ASW, 1/2 strength, contained (per liter): NaCl, 12.0 g; MgSO4x7H2O, 3.5 g; MgCl2x6H2O, 2.6 g; CaCl2x2H2O, 0.55 g; KCl, 0.35 g. Carrine Blank tetrazolium reduction assay An assay for the ability of a microorganism to reduce a compound that contains a tetrazoleum moiety. Tetrazolium compounds are redox indicators of microbial oxidation and reduction, and hence microbial respiration. Carrine Blank multiply flagellated 1 Flagellated cell where the cell has more than one flagellum. numerous flagella Carrine Blank polytrichous flagellated cell flagellated Carrine Blank Prokaryotic cell which has either a bacterial-type flagellum (or flagella) or a periplasmic flagellum. singly flagellated 1 Carrine Blank Flagellated cell where the cell has only one flagellum. monotrichous cell http://microbeonline.com/bacterial-flagella-structure-importance-and-examples-of-flagellated-bacteria/ Monotrichous: Single polar flagellum e.g. Vibrio cholerae (Mneomonics: Mono means one) single flagellum single flagella monopolar flagella polar flagellum monopolar flagellum Flagellated cell where the cell has a single flagellum located at the end (pole) of the cell. monotrichous monotrichous flagella Carrine Blank amphitrichous cell 2 Carrine Blank amphitrichous Flagellated cell where the cell has two flagella, each located at the ends (poles) of the cell. http://microbeonline.com/bacterial-flagella-structure-importance-and-examples-of-flagellated-bacteria/ Amphitrichous: Single flagellum at both ends e.g. Alcaligenes faecalis (Mneomonics: Remember: the characteristics of Amphibians: live both in land and water) lophotrichous cell 2 Carrine Blank tuft of polar flagella Flagellated cell where the cell has multiple flagella, located in a tuft at the end (pole) of the cell. bundles of flagella http://microbeonline.com/bacterial-flagella-structure-importance-and-examples-of-flagellated-bacteria/ Lophotrichous: Tuft of flagella at one or both ends e.g. Spirilla polar flagella polar bundle of flagella polar tuft of flagella lophotrichous monopolar polytrichous flagella cell having periplasmic flagella axial fibrils axial filaments periplasmic fibrils Flagellated cell where the cell has multiple flagella, each located in tufts in the periplasmic space. http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Spirochaeta The morphology and cellular structure of Spirochaeta spp. (and most other Spirochetes) is unique among prokaryotes. The cells are helical in shape and consist of an outer membrane, axial filaments (ultrastructurally similar to bacterial flagella), and a protoplasmic cylinder. The outer membrane or the outer sheath surrounds all of the structures including the axial filaments and the protoplasmic cylinder. The protoplasmic cylinder is the cell body of the organism. It is coiled and is composed of the cytoplasm, the nuclear region and the peptidoglycan-cytoplasmic membrane complex. The axial filaments are usually called the periplasmic flagella but are also known as periplasmic fibrils, axial fibrils and endoflagella. Carrine Blank periplasmic flagella endoflagella peritrichous cell 2 lateral flagella peritrichously http://microbeonline.com/bacterial-flagella-structure-importance-and-examples-of-flagellated-bacteria/ Peritrichous: Flagella surrounding the cell, e.g. Typhoid bacilli (Mneomonic: Remember Periphery) Flagellated cell where the cell has multiple flagella, all located at the periphery of the cell. peritrichous Carrine Blank tumbling motility Wikipedia:Listeria Prokaryotic motility that is characterized microscopically by end-over-end tumbling and employs a flagellum. This type of motility is typical of Listeria. Carrine Blank tumbling heterocyte heterocystous heterocytous Carrine Blank heterocysts From Wikipedia:heterocyst: Heterocysts are specialized nitrogen-fixing cells formed during nitrogen starvation by some filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Nostoc punctiforme, Cylindrospermum stagnale, and Anabaena sphaerica. They fix nitrogen from dinitrogen (N2) in the air using the enzyme nitrogenase, in order to provide the cells in the filament with nitrogen for biosynthesis. Nitrogenase is inactivated by oxygen, so the heterocyst must create a microanaerobic environment. A prokaryotic differentiated cell capable of nitrogen fixation, found in the filamentous Nostocales (Cyanobacteria). Heterocytes (which differentiate into heterocysts) have thick cell walls which exclude oxygen in the air and allow nitrogen fixation to occur. Are terminally differentiated cells, incapable of carrying out photosynthesis. intercalary heterocyte bipored heterocyte Carrine Blank A heterocyte which develops at the middle or near the end (but not the end) of a filament (trichome). intercalary heterocyst From Rippka, Castenholz & Herdman, 2001, in Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 1, 2nd ed., pg 563.: In the absence of combined nitrogen (ammonium or nitrate), 5-10% of the vegetative cells differentiate into heterocysts. These specialized cells are the sites of aerobic nitrogen fixation and may occupy terminal or intercalary positions in the trichomes. lateral heterocyte terminal heterocyte terminal heterocyst Carrine Blank From Rippka, Castenholz & Herdman, 2001, in Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 1, 2nd ed., pg 563.: In the absence of combined nitrogen (ammonium or nitrate), 5-10% of the vegetative cells differentiate into heterocysts. These specialized cells are the sites of aerobic nitrogen fixation and may occupy terminal or intercalary positions in the trichomes. A heterocyte which develops at the end of a filament (trichome). unipored heterocyte hormogonium Prokaryotic differentiated cell specialized for asexual reproduction comprised of short chains of motile filaments, found in the Nostocales, Stigonematales/Stigonemataceae, and Oscillatoriales (Cyanobacteria). Hormogonia are shorter than the typical length of vegetative filaments. Carrine Blank hormogonia From Wikipedia:hormogonium: Hormogonia are motile filaments of cells formed by some cyanobacteria in the order Nostocales and Stigonematales. They are formed during asexual reproduction in unicellular, filamentous cyanobacteria some contain heterocysts and akinetes. SWC-m medium SWCm salts Carrine Blank A dilute organic-containing, liquid microbiological culture medium containing tryptone, yeast extract, beef extract, and acetate, in a base of full-strength artifical seawater. From: Irgens Rl, Suzuki I, Staley JT. 1989. Gas vacuolate bacteria obtained from marine waters of Antarctica. Curr Microbiol 18:261-5. SWC-m contained (per liter of full strength ASW): KH2PO4, 0.01 g; ferric citrate, 0.001 g; NH4Cl, 0.4 g; yeast extract, 0.4 g; beef extract, 0.4 g; tryptone, 0.4 g; vitamins, 10 mL; trace elements solution (TES), 2.0 mL; carbon source, 0.2 g; pH 7.0. The following macromolecular carbon sources were tested for hydrolysis on plates: starch, 1.0%; tributyrin, 1.0%; chitin, 1.0%; casein, 0.5%. xxxxxxx From: Irgens RL. 1977. Meniscus, a new genus of aerotolerant, gas-vacuolated bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 27(1):38-43. The TES, modified from Pfennig’s formula (personal communication), contained (per liter): ZnSO4x7H2O, 0.10 g; MnCl2x4H2O, 0.03 g; H3BO3, 0.3 g; CoCl2x6H20, 0.2 g; CuCl2x2H2O,0.01 g ; NiCl2x6H2O, 0.02 g; Na2MoO4x 2H2O, 0.03g; pH3 to 4. xxxxxxx From: Staley JT. 1981. The genera Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Truper HG, Balows A,Schlegel HG, (eds). The prokaryotes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pg 68. Vitamin Solution B12 0.1 mg Biotin 2 mg Calcium pantothenate 5 mg Folic acid 2 mg nicotinamide 5 mg pyridoxine HCl 10 mg riboflavin 5 mg thiamine HCL 5 mg Add distilled water up to 1 L and sotre in 4˚C in a dark container. conjugative pili Pilus involved in the transfer of DNA from one bacterium (the donor) to another (the recipient). Wikipedia:pilus Conjugative pili allow the transfer of DNA between bacteria, in the process of bacterial conjugation. They are sometimes called "sex pili", in analogy to sexual reproduction, because they allow for the exchange of genes via the formation of "mating pairs". Perhaps the most well-studied is the F pilus of Escherichia coli, encoded by the F plasmid or fertility factor. Carrine Blank SWC-m agar Carrine Blank A dilute organic-containing, liquid microbiological culture medium containing tryptone, yeast extract, beef extract, and acetate, in a base of full-strength artifical seawater. From: Irgens Rl, Suzuki I, Staley JT. 1989. Gas vacuolate bacteria obtained from marine waters of Antarctica. Curr Microbiol 18:261-5. Agar slants containted 1.5 % agar, agar plates contained 2.0 % agar, and soft agar tubes contained 0.2 % agar. SWCM agar From: Irgens Rl, Suzuki I, Staley JT. 1989. Gas vacuolate bacteria obtained from marine waters of Antarctica. Curr Microbiol 18:261-5. SWC-m contained (per liter of full strength ASW): KH2PO4, 0.01 g; ferric citrate, 0.001 g; NH4Cl, 0.4 g; yeast extract, 0.4 g; beef extract, 0.4 g; tryptone, 0.4 g; vitamins, 10 mL; trace elements solution (TES), 2.0 mL; carbon source, 0.2 g; pH 7.0. The following macromolecular carbon sources were tested for hydrolysis on plates: starch, 1.0%; tributyrin, 1.0%; chitin, 1.0%; casein, 0.5%. xxxxxxx From: Irgens RL. 1977. Meniscus, a new genus of aerotolerant, gas-vacuolated bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 27(1):38-43. The TES, modified from Pfennig’s formula (personal communication), contained (per liter): ZnSO4x7H2O, 0.10 g; MnCl2x4H2O, 0.03 g; H3BO3, 0.3 g; CoCl2x6H20, 0.2 g; CuCl2x2H2O,0.01 g ; NiCl2x6H2O, 0.02 g; Na2MoO4x 2H2O, 0.03g; pH3 to 4. xxxxxxx From: Staley JT. 1981. The genera Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Truper HG, Balows A,Schlegel HG, (eds). The prokaryotes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pg 68. Vitamin Solution B12 0.1 mg Biotin 2 mg Calcium pantothenate 5 mg Folic acid 2 mg nicotinamide 5 mg pyridoxine HCl 10 mg riboflavin 5 mg thiamine HCL 5 mg Add distilled water up to 1 L and sotre in 4˚C in a dark container. distinctly shaped colony Carrine Blank http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol elevated A colony that has a distinct morphology manifested in its 2D or 3D shape. physically distinct colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol A prokaryotic colony that has distinct physical characteristics (qualities). Carrine Blank colony having distinct spatial pattern A colony having distinct physical quality that manifests in the spatial pattern of the elements of the colony. Carrine Blank colony having distinct optical quality A prokaryotic colony that manifests in how light (visible electromagnetic radiation) passes through the colony. Carrine Blank texturally distinct colony Carrine Blank A colony with a texture that manifests in the appearance of the surface characteristics. satellite colonies Carrine Blank satellite colonies satellite behavior A prokaryotic colony where small colonies surround larger colonies on an agar (or other solid) surface. http://www.yourdictionary.com/satellite#americanheritage Satellite colonies occur when tiny colonies are found to surround a larger central colony. satellites dense center colony Carrine Blank A colony with distinct spatial pattern where the center part of the colony is tight (densely compacted) and the outer part of the colony is sparse (not densely compacted). dense center diffuse center colony dry colony dry colony Carrine Blank A colony having distinct physical quality that is dry (has a brittle, friable texture that breaks apart). friable dry dull colony Carrine Blank not shiny A colony with distinct optical quality that is dull (not shiny, with a low saturation) in its appearance. dull dull colony granular center colony granular center colony A colony with a structure that has a grainy, or granular, appearance in its center. fine granulation granular granular centers Carrine Blank glistening colony moist shiny surface wet shining aspect glistening shiny A colony with distinct EM radiation quality that has a wet appearance. glistening colony Carrine Blank shining glossy mucoid colony http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=19041 Carrine Blank mucoid mucous A colony with a structure that is mucoid (has a sticky appearance due to the presence of exopolysaccharide capsular material). mucoid colony rough colony rough colony A colony with a texture that is rough (i.e. not smooth). Carrine Blank rough surface smooth colony smooth smooth-surfaced smooth colony A colony with a texture that is smooth. Carrine Blank dendritic colony dendritic colony Carrine Blank A colony with a shape that has raised, branching features starting in the center of the colony, with an appearance that resembles veins or branches of a tree. veined dendiritic wrinkled colony rugose A colony with a texture that is wrinkled (has a shriveled appearance). shriveled Carrine Blank wrinkled colony cloudy colony A colony with distinct optical quality that is cloudy (semi-translucent or semi-opaque, whitish in color). semi-translucent cloudy colony cloudy Carrine Blank semi-opaque iridescent colony A colony having a distinct process quality where the colony is iridescent (appears to change color as the angle of illumination changes). iridescent http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridescence opalescent irridescent colony Carrine Blank pigmented colony A colony with a structure that contains coloration due to the presence of pigment compounds that absorb particular wavelengths of light. coloured colored Carrine Blank pigmented colony opaque colony Carrine Blank opaque colony A colony with distinct optical quality that is opaque (where light does not pass through). opaque bovine albumin Carrine Blank From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Bovine Albumin contains bovine albumin fraction V, 0.2% in 0.85% saline solution. A blood medium ingredient comprised of bovine (Bos taurus) albumin (a mixture of protein derived from blood). Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. translucent colony translucent colony Carrine Blank translucent semi-transparent almost clear A colony with distinct optical quality that is translucent, where much light is able to pass through it without absorption of particular wavelengths of light. transparent colony transparent Carrine Blank clear transparent colony A colony with distinct optical quality that is completely or nearly completely clear or transparent, where nearly all light is able to pass through it. anaerobic respiration, using sulfate as electron acceptor The process of anaerobic respiration, where sulfate is reduced to sulfite, tetrathionate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, or hydrogen sulfide. Carrine Blank pyrazinamidase activity A hydrolase activity, which hydrolyzes pyrazinamide (a drug used to treat tuberculosis) into pyrazinoic acid (the active agent against tuberculosis). Pyrazinamidase catalyzes the following reaction: Pyrazinamide + H2O <=> pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) + NH3. E.C. 3.5.1.b15 Carrine Blank anaerobic respiration, using elemental sulfur as electron acceptor The process of anaerobic respiration, where elemental sulfur reduced to hydrogen sulfide. Carrine Blank aerobic respiration, using hydrogen sulfide as electron donor The process of aerobic respiration, where hydrogen sulfide is oxidized (using oxygen) to elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, tetrathionate, sulfite, or sulfate. Carrine Blank aerobic respiration, using elemental sulfur as electron donor The process of aerobic respiration, where elemental sulfur is oxidized (using oxygen) to thiosulfate, tetrathionate, sulfite, or sulfate. Carrine Blank anaerobic respiration, using thiosulfate as electron acceptor The process of anaerobic respiration, where thiosulfate is reduced to elemental sulfur or hydrogen sulfide. Carrine Blank anaerobic respiration, using sulfite as electron acceptor Carrine Blank The process of anaerobic respiration, where sulfite is reduced to tetrationate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, or hydrogen sulfide. chymotrypsin assay using BTEE Chymotrypsin assay that uses the substrate N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (BTEE). Chymotrypsin activity will cleave the substrate, releasing N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosine. The presence of this produce is measured by recording the increase in absorbance at 256 nm. Carrine Blank chymotrypsin assay using N-benzoyl-Phe-pNA Carrine Blank N-benzoyl-D-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide Chymotrypsin assay that uses the substrate N-benzoyl-D-L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.1. Trypsin activity will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is purple in color. trypsin assay using NA Uses the substrate N-benzoyl-D-L-arginine 2-naphthylamide at pH 8.5. Trypsin activity will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. N-benzoyl-arginine-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide alanyl alanine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidaseeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-alanyl-L-alanine-2-naphthylamide. alanyl phenylalanyl proline arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-proline-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank glutamyl glutamic acid arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank glutamyl glycine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-glutamyl-glycine-2-naphthylamide. glutamyl glycyl arginine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank GGAA An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-2-naphthylamide. glutaryl phenylalanine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide. glycyl phenylalanine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate glycyl-L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank glycyl proline arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate glycyl-L-proline-2-naphthylamide. glycyl tryptophan arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate glycyl-L-tryptophan-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank glycyl glycine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate glycyl-glycine-2-naphthylamide. leucyl glycine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-leucyl-L-glycine-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank seryl tyrosine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-seryl-L-tyrosine-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine peptidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank irregular cell highly irregular irregular Carrine Blank Prokaryotic cell where the shape is irregular. irregular shape microscopic optical quality assay Carrine Blank An optical quality assay of a single prokaryotic cell, determined by visualization under a microscope. N-benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-arginine-4-methoxy peptidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate N-benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide. asymmetrical colony margin irregular margin irregular form http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol A prokaryote colony where the shape of the colony margin is asymmetrical (i.e. irregular). Carrine Blank irregular edge diffuse colony A colony with distinct spatial pattern where the colony is diffuse (sparse, where the colony is very thin). diffuse colony Carrine Blank diffuse asymmetrical filamentous colony asymmetrical filamentous colony irregular filamentous A filamentous colony with a shape that is fuzzy, or filamentous and where the colony margin is asymmetrical (i.e. irregular). http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol undulate colony undulate margin Carrine Blank A colony with a shape that is undulate (wave-like) and where the colony margin is asymmetrical (i.e. irregular). http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 undulate colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol undulate symmetrical colony margin A prokaryotic colony where the shape of the colony margin is symmetrical (i.e. regular). regular margin regular edge http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol Carrine Blank symmetrical colony margin curled colony http://www.ehow.com/list_6938999_types-bacteria-colonies.html curled http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol A colony with a shape that has a curled edge, and where the colony margin is symmetrical (i.e. regular). wavy margin Carrine Blank curled colony entire colony Carrine Blank http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol entire colony entire A colony with a shape which is circular (round), and where the colony margin is symmetrical (i.e. is regular). erose colony Carrine Blank http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol erose A colony with a shape which is erose (i.e. has a notched, toothed, or indented appearance) and where the colony margin is symmetrical (i.e. regular). erose colony symmetrical filamentous colony A filamentous colony with a shape that is fuzzy, or filamentous and where the colony margin is symmetrical (i.e. regular). regular filamentous Carrine Blank symmetrical filamentous colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol lobed colony lobate margin A colony with a shape that is lobed and where the colony margin is asymmetrical (i.e. irregular). lobel colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 Carrine Blank http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol circular colony round http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol A colony with a shape that is circular (round). circular colony is round circular colony Carrine Blank effuse colony effuse Carrine Blank effuse colony A colony with distinct spatial pattern where the colony is effuse (i.e. thin, unlocalized without defined margins, with a tendancy to spread). filamentous colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 A colony with a shape that is fuzzy, or filamentous. filamentous colony Carrine Blank http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol fried-egg colony fried-egg colony Fallon RJ. 1967. Mycoplasmas and their role as rodent pathogens. Lab Anim 1:43. DOI: 10.1258/002367767781006794. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Fried+Egg+Appearance A colony having distinct physical quality that has differential density. The center part of the colony is opaque and granular, while the surrounding perifery is flat and transulcent, giving the colony the appearance of a fried egg. This shape is typical of Mycoplasma species, and is due to colonies having a thicker center than edge. This appearance is typical of older (mature) colonies of Mycoplasma. fried egg fried eggs Carrine Blank colony having distinct electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality Carrine Blank A colony having distinct physical quality that manifests in the electromagnetic (EM) radiation appearance of the colony. mulberry colony mulberry appearance mulberry colony Carrine Blank Fallon RJ. 1967. Mycoplasmas and their role as rodent pathogens. Lab Anim 1:43. DOI: 10.1258/002367767781006794. A colony having distinct physical quality that is shaped like a mulberry (acinar), sunken, and opaque with little or no pale periphery. Is typical of young colonies of Mycoplasma species that will develop into colonies that have a fried egg appearance when more mature. mulberry punctiform colony A colony with a shape that is very tiny, like a point (where colonies may have a diameter of less than 1 mm). punctiforme colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol punctiform Carrine Blank rhizoidal colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol irregular rhizoid form http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 rhizoid colony rhizoid form A colony having distinct physical quality that is rhizoidal (has margins or edges that resemble the roots of a tree, radiating out from the center of the colony). Carrine Blank rhizoidal rhizoid raised rhizoid growth spindle colony A colony with a shape that is spindle-shaped (i.e. is thickest in the middle, tapering to both ends). Carrine Blank http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol spindle colony fusiform spindle-shaped crateriform colony A colony with a shape that has a depression (or crater) in the center of the colony, and thus has a 2D profile that is cup-shaped. cup-shaped crateriform colony crateriform dimpled collapsed center crater-shaped Carrine Blank flat colony A colony with a shape that is flat (has a flat profile). flat colony flat elevation http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 Carrine Blank http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol raised colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol raised colony Carrine Blank A colony with a shape that is raised, or elevated from the surface of the agar. pulvinate colony pulvinate colony pulvinate elevation Carrine Blank http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol A colony with a shape that is pulvinate (is strongly elevated with a domed profile being shaped like a cushion). pulvinate http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 convex colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 convex Carrine Blank A colony with a shape that has a convex, or domed, profile. convex colony http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol convex elevation domed umbonate colony Carrine Blank raised at the centres raised at the center umbonate colony umbonate elevation A colony having distinct physical quality that is umbonate (having a mushroom-like profile with a higher center and a lower margin). http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3136-colony-morphology-protocol http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3114-colony-morphology?limit=0&limitstart=0 raised in the center prokaryotic cell autofluorescence The optical assay of a single prokaryotic cell, having the quality of autofluorescence when illuminated with a particular wavelength of light. Carrine Blank blue-green autofluorescence blue-green fluorescence Autofluorescence of a prokaryotic cell that is blue-green in nature, occurring when the cells are illuminated with radiation at 420 nm. Occurs due to the presence of a particular fluorescent compound in the cell (e.g., Factor 420, also known as Coenzyme F420). Carrine Blank lipase C10 activity Carrine Blank A lipase that hydrolyzes C10 compounds. Assayed using the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-3-indoxyl-caprate (5-bromo-3-indolyl decanoate; blue-caprate). lipase C14 activity A lipase that hydrolyzes C14 compounds. Assayed using the chromogenic substrate 2-naphthyl myristate. Carrine Blank lipase C8 activity A lipase that hydrolyzes C8 compounds. Assayed using the chromogenic substrate 2-naphthyl caprylate. Carrine Blank coccobacillus Carrine Blank coccobacillary coccobacilli sub-coccoidal Wikipedia:Coccobacillus A coccobacillus (plural coccobacilli) is a type of bacterium with a shape that is intermediate between cocci (spherical bacteria) and bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria). Coccobacilli are therefore in essence very short rods which may be mistaken for cocci. Haemophilus influenzae, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Chlamydia trachomatis are coccobacilli. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is prevalent in subgingival plaques. Acinetobacter strains may grow on solid media as coccobacilli. Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for causing whooping cough. A prokaryotic cell, being a bacillus where the long axis of the cell is only slightly longer than the short axis of the cell. ellipsoidal short rods subspherical oval ovoid subcoccoidal coccobacillus spirillum Wikipedia:Spirillum Spirillum in microbiology refers to a bacterium with a cell body that twists like a spiral. It is the third distinct bacterial cell shape type besides coccus and bacillus cells. Carrine Blank A prokaryotic cell, where the long axis of the cell twists in a spiral. spiral coiled helical spirillum helix wavy prokaryotic cell having distinct cell arrangement aggregates Prokaryotic cells and the physical relationships between the cells (whether they are physically attached, or connected, to one another). Carrine Blank aggregations paired cells 2 Carrine Blank doublets diploid A multicellular relationship of prokaryotic cells where two cells are attached to one another in pairs. pairs morphologically differentiated filament part A filament of prokaryotic cells, where the parts of the filament are morphologically differentiated. Carrine Blank sarcina 8 12 16 sarcinae Carrine Blank A multicellular relationship of prokaryotic cells where cells are attached to one another in multiples of four (8,12, or 16). This morphology forms as a result of cell division occurring in three planes. sarcinoid cell cluster cell clusters A multicellular relationship of prokaryotic cells where cells are attached to one another end-to-end and side-to-side to form clumps or sheets after dividing. This morphology forms as a result of cell division taking place in multiple planes. clusters packet-like Carrine Blank packets clumps cell chain Carrine Blank chains A multicellular relationship of prokaryotic cells where cells are attached to one another end-to-end to form chains. Forms when cell division occurs in one plane and cells become detached after cell division takes place. short chains tetrad 4 tetrads Carrine Blank A multicellular prokaryotic morphological quality where cells are attached to one another in multiples of four. Forms when cell division occurs in two planes at right angles to one another. unicellular prokaryote A prokaryotic cellularity where cells are isolated and singular, where the daughter cells detach from one another after cell division and septation occurs. unicellular Carrine Blank singly singular streptobacillus Wikipedia:Streptobacillus Streptobacillus is a genus of aerobic, gram-negative facultative anaerobe bacteria, which grow in culture as rods in chains. A multicellular relationship of prokaryotic cells where the shape of the cell is elongated (forming a bacillus, or short rod) and the cells are attached to one another end-to-end to form chains. streptobacilli Carrine Blank streptococcus Wikipedia:Streptococcus Streptococcus is a genus of spherical Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group. Cellular division occurs along a single axis in these bacteria, and thus they grow in chains or pairs, hence the name—from Greek στρεπτος streptos, meaning easily bent or twisted, like a chain (twisted chain). Contrast this with staphylococci, which divide along multiple axes and generate grape-like clusters of cells. Most streptococci are oxidase- and catalase-negative, and many are facultative anaerobes. streptococci Carrine Blank A multicellular relationship of prokaryotic cells where the shape of the cells is round (forming a coccus) and the cells are attached to one another end-to-end to form chains. staphylococcus A multicellular relationship of prokaryotic cells where the shape of the cells is round (forming a coccus) and the cells are attached to one another end-to-end and side-to-side to form clumps or clusters. staphylococci Wikipedia:Staphylococcus Staphylococcus (from the Greek: σταφυλή, staphylē, "grape" and κόκκος, kókkos, "granule") is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Under the microscope, they appear round (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. Carrine Blank differentiated filament branching branching of filaments Carrine Blank branching branches A differentiated cyanobacterial filament where the filaments are branched. branched filaments false-branched filaments commonly false branched false branched false branching growing usually at first parallel with original trichome, later diverging Carrine Blank false branching Differentiated filament branching, where filaments have "false" branches. Initiated by the interruption of a trichome between two vegetative cells, either at the location of a necridic cell or a heterocyte. Later on, one or both ends of the interrupted trichomes grow aside from the axis of the main trichome. Found in the Oscilaltoriales and Nostocales and Stigonematales. pseudobranched single false branching falsely branched false ramification pseudobranchings lateral false branches http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/false%20branching A branched arrangement of the cells of certain filamentous bacteria and algae resulting from a slipping of the end of one cell past that of another following cell division, from continued growth of the free end of a trichome through the sheath in various blue-green algae, or esp. from continued growth of parts of a filament separated by one or more intervening dead cells or by heterocysts. pseudobranchings adpressed with each other and only in the upper parts divaricate true-branched filaments Differentiated filament branching, where filaments have "true" branches. Formed when one cell occasionally divides longitudinally (with the cell division plane parallel to the plane of the filament axis) or obliquely with respect to the main axis of the filament. Branches remain attached to the main trichome. true branching true-branching true branches true branching Carrine Blank branching true true branched true-branching filaments true branches grow initially perpendicular to the mother trichome true-branched branches arise after lengthwise cell division diplobacillus A multicellular prokaryotic morphological quality where the shape of the cells are elongated (i.e. bacillus or rod-shaped) and two cells are attached to one another in pairs. Carrine Blank http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diplobacillus A short, rod-shaped organism occurring in pairs, joined end-to-end; diplobacterium. diplobacilli diplococcus dumbbell dumbbell-shaped diplococci Wikipedia:Diplococcus A diplococcus (plural diplococci) is a round bacterium (a coccus) that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells. Examples are gram-negative Neisseria sp., and gram-positive Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp.. Its name comes from diplo, meaning double, and coccus, meaning berry. A multicellular prokaryotic morphological quality where the shape of the cells are round and two cells are attached to one another in pairs. Carrine Blank erect filaments A filament orientation quality where filaments are lying upright (perpendicular) to a substrate or surface. filaments erect Carrine Blank prostrate filaments Carrine Blank filaments prostrate A filament orientation quality where filaments are lying along (parallel to) a substrate or surface. straight filament filaments straight Carrine Blank A filament shape where the filament has a straight appearance (is not bent, curved, coiled, or torulose). trichomes straight curved filament filaments flexous filaments curved Carrine Blank A filament shape where the filament has a curved appearance along a gradual angle (not straight or bent). filaments flexuous branches waved branches arcuated filaments arcuated trichomes curved trichomes arcuate coiled filament Carrine Blank coiled filaments trichomes coiled A filament shape where the filament has a regularly coiled (helical) appearance. filaments coiled bent filament filaments bent filaments crooked filaments bent in the middle A filament shape where the filament has an appearance of being bent at an angle. Carrine Blank torulose filament filaments roughened trichomes torulose A torulose filament shape where the filament has a non-uniformly beaded appearance, where parts of the filament are swollen and constricted. Carrine Blank filaments torulose http://www.thefreedictionary.com/torulose Adj. 1. torulose - of a cylindrical or ellipsoid body; swollen and constricted at intervals moniliform filament Carrine Blank A filament shape where the filament has a uniformly regular, beaded appearance. Wikipedia: Moniliform Having a form resembling a string of beads, where the component parts or segments are more or less uniform in size and are spherical or rounded in shape. filaments resembling a string of beads trichomes moniliform filaments moniliform trichome part Carrine Blank Any consituent part of a prokaryotic heteropolar filament. basal heterocyte A trichome part that is comprised of the terminal (basal) cell in a trichome, which has differentiated to form a heterocyte (heterocyst). Found in trichomes with apical-basal polarity that have an erect positionality. Carrine Blank tight filament coiling filaments forming tight, regular spirals A coiled filament shape where the shape of the coiling is tight, having increased coiling. densely coiled Carrine Blank tight filament coiling loose filament coiling loose filament coiling filaments slightly coiled A coiled filament shape where the shape of the coiling is loose, having decreased coiling. filaments loosely coiled Carrine Blank irregular filament coiling trichomes irregularly coiled irregular filament coiling trichomes irregularly waved trichomes irregularly screw-like or spirally coiled A coiled filament shape where the shape of the coiling is irregular. Carrine Blank irregularly arranged coiled filaments irregularly coiled coils irregular filaments irregularly spirally coiled regular filament coiling Carrine Blank filaments screw-like coiled A coiled filament shape where the shape of the coiling is regular. helical trichomes coils regular regular filament coiling screw-like coiled cyanobacterial thylakoid Carrine Blank Bacterial thylakoid that is present in Cyanobacteria. differentiated cyanobacterial filament part Carrine Blank A cyanobacterial filament part (e.g. apical cell, meristematic zone) which is differentiated. trichome_differentiation distinctively shaped prokaryotic cell Carrine Blank Prokaryotic cell having a distinctive shape. bacillus rod-shaped rod-like bacillus rods Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Bacillus_(shape) The word bacillus (plural bacilli) may be used to describe any rod-shaped bacterium, and such bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name Bacillus, capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name Bacilli, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a more specific taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus Bacillus. Bacilli are usually solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades. bacilli rod shaped A prokaryotic cell, where one axis (the long axis, the length) of the cell is longer than the other axis (the short axis, the width) of the cell. coccus Carrine Blank coccoidal strongly lobed spherical polygonal-rounded spheroids isodiametric coccoid sphere-shaped semi-globose Wikipedia:Coccus Coccus (plural cocci or coccuses) can be used to describe any bacterium that has a spherical shape. It is one of the three distinct types of bacteria shapes, the other two being bacillus (rod-shaped) and spirillum (spiral-shaped) cells. Coccus is an English loanword of a Neolatin noun, which in turn stems from the Greek masculine noun kokkos (κόκκος) meaning "berry". lobed multi-lobed coccus globose sphaerical spheroidal lobes spheres A prokaryotic cell that is spherical with no apparent long axis. cocci cylindrical cell Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Cylinder_(geometry) A cylinder (from Greek κύλινδρος – kulindros, "roller, tumbler") is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes, the surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, the axis of the cylinder. The solid enclosed by this surface and by two planes perpendicular to the axis is also called a cylinder. The surface area and the volume of a cylinder have been known since deep antiquity. cylindrical barrel-shaped barreliform A prokaryotic cell, being a bacillus where the long axis of the cell is much longer than the short axis of the cell. discoid disk disk shaped plate-shaped discoidal Carrine Blank disc A flattened prokaryotic cell where the shape is partially spherical. discoid disc-shaped flattened cell flat flattened A prokaryotic cell where one part of the cell has been made flat so that the shape of the cell is asymmetrical or irregular. flattened cell Carrine Blank compressed pear-shaped cell pear shaped flask shaped flask A prokaryotic cell where one end end of the cell are wider than the middle (pear shaped). flask-like pear-like Carrine Blank pearshaped pear-shaped flaskshaped polygonal cell polygonal shape polygonal Carrine Blank A prokaryotic cell where the surface of the cell is not rounded but is polygonal (has angular edges). prosthecate cell Carrine Blank A prokaryotic cell where the cell has appendages or stalks that are extensions of the cell surface (including the cell wall and cell membrane). appendaged stalked prosthecate Wikipedia:Prosthecate_bacteria Prosthecate bacteria are a non-phylogenetically related group of Gram-negative bacteria that possess appendages, termed prosthecae. These cellular appendages are neither pili nor flagella, as they are extensions of the cellular membrane and contain cytosol. One notable group of prosthecates is the genus Caulobacter. cuboidal cell Carrine Blank square A prokaryotic cell where the surface of the cell is polygonal and the angles of the cell meet at right angles forming a box. Wikipedia:Haloquadratum Haloquadratum ("salt square") is a genus of the family Halobacteriaceae. The first species to be identified in this group, Haloquadratum walsbyi, is highly unusual since its cells are shaped like flat, square boxes. cuboidal pyramidal cell Carrine Blank triangles pyramidal A prokaryotic cell where the surface of the cell is polygonal and the angles of the cell meet at angles that are less than 90 degrees giving the cell a triangular or pyramidal appearance. triangular hemispherical Carrine Blank A sub-cylindrical, flattened prokaryotic cell where the shape is hemispherical (flattened on one side of the sphere). hemisphaerical hemispherical nanocytes Prokaryotic cells that are very small formed as a result of rapid cell division. Carrine Blank diphtheroid cell club-shaped shape regularity diptheroid Carrine Blank diphtheroid A prokaryotic cell, being a bacillus where one one end is wider and more rounded than the other end (i.e. being club-shaped, or cudgel-shaped). The cannonical morphology of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. corneform vibrioid cell crooked Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Vibrio Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a curved rod shape (comma shape), several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. A prokaryotic cell, being a bacillus where the elongated axis of the cells is curved (but not spiral). cresent-shaped vibrioid curved multiseriate filament 2 2 multiserial Seong-Joo L & Golubic S. 1998. Multi-trichomous cyanobacterial microfossils from the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation, China: Paleoecological and taxonomic implications. Lethaia 31:169-184. Multi-trichomous filamentous cyanobacteria of the genera Schizothrix and Microcoleus are the most commonly reported constructive elements in modern microbial mat ecosystems. .... A few specimens within the studied assemblage contain two to several parallel rows of evenly spaced internal bodies within a tube (Fig. 5C, D0, corresponding to a multi-trichomous arrangement. Castenholz, 2001, in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 1, 2nd ed., pg. 473. polyseriate filaments with 2-3 joined trichomes multi-seriate multi-trichomous Cyanobacterial filament with one trichome in the sheath, where the trichome is greater than two cells in width. Arises as a result of cell division occuring in two planes,one perpendicular to the axis of the trichome and one parallel to the axis of the trichome. multitrichomous Carrine Blank uniseriate filament 1 1 uniserial trichomes uniseriate Cyanobacterial filament with one trichome in the sheath, where the trichome is one cell in width. Arises as a result of cell division occuring in only one plane. sheaths envelop always only one trichome Carrine Blank sheaths containing a single trichome trichomes in pairs in one sheath Wiktionary:uniseriate Having one line or series; uniserial, unbranched distinctively sized prokaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell having a distinctive size (width). Carrine Blank filterable cell filterable pass through a filter Carrine Blank A distinctively-sized prokaryotic cell, where the size is small enough to pass through a filter with a defined pore size. filterability pass through filters filtered nanophytoplankton Carrine Blank From: Wikipedia: Nanophytoplankton Nanophytoplankton are particularly small phytoplankton with sizes between 2 ­and 20 µm. They are the autotrophic part of nanoplankton. Like other phytoplankton, nanophytoplankton are microscopic organisms that obtain energy through the process of photosynthesis and must therefore live in the upper sunlit layer of ocean or other bodies of water. These microscopic free-floating organisms, including algae, protists, and cyanobacteria, fix large amounts of carbon which would otherwise be released as carbon dioxide. Photosynthetic prokaryotes, or single-celled eukaryotes, that have a cell size between 2 and 20 micrometers in diameter. picoplankton Carrine Blank From: Wikipedia: Picoplankton Picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 μm that can be either : Some species can also be mixotrophic. Picoplankton are responsible for the most primary productivity in oligotrophic gyres, and are distinguished from nanoplankton and microplankton. Because they are small, they have a greater surface to volume ratio, enabling them to obtain the scarce nutrients in these ecosystems. Note that the SI prefix pico- is used quite loosely here, as nanoplankton and microplankton are only 10 and 100 times larger, respectively. Prokaryotes or single-celled eukaryotes that have a cell size between 0.2 and 2 micrometers in diameter. heterotrophic picoplankton Prokaryotes or single-celled eukaryotes that have a cell size between 0.2 and 2 micrometers in diameter and that are not photosynthetic, but rather use organic carbon as a source of energy. From: Wikipedia: Heterotrophic_picoplankton Heterotrophic picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 μm that do not perform photosynthesis. Carrine Blank photosynthetic picoplankton picophytoplankton From: Wikipedia: Photosynthetic_picoplankton Photosynthetic picoplankton is the fraction of the phytoplankton performing photosynthesis composed by cells between 0.2 and 2 µm (picoplankton). It is especially important in the central oligotrophic regions of the world oceans that have very low concentration of nutrients. Prokaryotes or single-celled eukaryotes that have a cell size between 0.2 and 2 micrometers in diameter and that are photosynthetic (use light as a source of energy). Carrine Blank picocyanobacteria Prokaryotes or single-celled eukaryotes that have a cell size between 0.2 and 2 micrometers in diameter, that are photosynthetic (use light as a source of energy), and that are members of the genus Prochlorococcus and iin some members of the genus Synechococcus (both Cyanobacteria). Carrine Blank From: Scanlan DJ et al. 2009. Ecological genomics of marine picocyanobacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 73(2):249-299. Marine picocyanobacteria of the genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus numerically dominate the picophytoplankton of the world ocean, making a key contribution to global primary production. septate filaments septa septate Carrine Blank Filament septation, where septa separating the individual cells that make up the filament are present. septum multi-trichomous filament 1 1 Cyanobacterial filament one or more than one trichome in the sheath, with the trichomes oriented parallel to one another, where each trichome is one cell in width. Arises as a result of cell division mostly occurring in only one plane, and occasionally occurring in a second plane. filaments contain one or more trichomes placed together and more or less parallel within one sheath filaments composed of one to more parallel arranged trichomes filaments single or many together sheaths enveloping one (rarely 2) trichomes sheaths containing 1 to several trichomes Carrine Blank one or more trichomes per filament tapered trichome taper A heteropolar trichome that is tapered (has a larger cell diameter at one end of the filament than the other). Carrine Blank tapering cells tapered pleomorphic cell A prokaryotic cell that is irregular in shape, where the shapes of the cells are irregular and variable (pleomorphic). Cell shapes may be variable in size and shape, depending on the environmental conditions. pleiomorphic polymorphic pleomorphic polymorphous Carrine Blank ZoBell starch agar An organic-rich, mineral-salts, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and yeast extract in a base of artificial sea water. Supplemented with starch. Used for the cultivation of heterotrophic marine microorganisms. Starch agar Carrine Blank ZoBell starch agar From: Barbeyron T, L'Haridon S, Corre E, Kloareg B & Potin P. 2001. Zobellia galactanovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine species of Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a red alga, and classification of [Cytophaga] uliginosa (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Reichenbach 1989 as Zobellia uliginosa gen. nov., comb. nov. IJSEM 51:985-997. The strain was assayed for amylase activity using starch at a concentration of 0.2 % (w/v) in ZoBell agar or in ZoBell Phytagel plates. indole assay Wikipedia:Indole_test indole test Carrine Blank Indole formed indole test positive tryptophanase IND Kovac's reagent Metabolic test for tryptophanase [L-tryptophan indole-lyase (deaminating)] activity. Measures the formation of indole from tryptophan using the enzyme Tryptophanase. Indole is detected by the addition of Kovac's reagent (isoamy alchohol, para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and concentrated HCl). Indole forms a complex with para-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, resulting a red color. A negative result is yellow. In some API tests, James' reagent (a proprietary mixture of HCl, water, and 2-methoxy-4-dimethylamino benzaldehyde) is used instead of Kovac's reagent, as it has a longer shelf life. Tryptophanase catalyzes the following reaction: Tryptophan + H2O <=> indole + pyruvate + ammonia TRP Kovacs reagent indole indole production prokaryotic cell wall lysis susceptibility Prokaryotic cell wall quality that defines how susceptible the cell wall is to lysis when the cell is placed in the presence of an environment with an altered chemical composition (detergent, water, hypotonic solution). Carrine Blank susceptibile to lysis by detergent sensitive to SDS lyse rapdily in SDS susceptible to lysis by SDS cell wall is SDS sensitive Carrine Blank easily lysed by detergent sensitive to lysis by detergent SDS-sensitive susceptible to lysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate Disintegrated by SDS lysis in SDS lysis with SDS sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate lysed on addition of SDS sensitive to lysis by SDS lysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate lyse in SDS lyse completely in SDS lyse completely in sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS-soluble Susceptibility to lysis by detergent where the cell shows increased susceptibility toward lysis by detergent. lysis by SDS sensistive to lysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate lysed in SDS lysed with sodium dodecyl sulfate lysed by SDS susceptibile to lysis by hypotonic solution lysis occurs in hypotonic solution lysed by hypotonic solution osmotically fragile Carrine Blank lyse in hypotonic distilled water lyse rapidly in hypotonic solution Susceptibility to lysis by hypotonic solution where the cell shows increased susceptibility toward lysis by hypotonic solution. lysed in low osmolal solutions susceptible to lysis by hypotonic solution lyse in hypotonic distilled water susceptible to lysis by water lyse immediately in distilled water lyse after transfer into demineralized water lyse in distilled water lyse rapidly in water lyse completely in distilled water lyse in water Carrine Blank sensitive to distilled water lysis in distilled water lysed in H2O lysed in distilled water lysed on addition of freshwater lyse rapidly in distilled water lysed in water Susceptibility to lysis by water where the cell shows increased susceptibility toward lysis by water. DNA Guanosine and Cytidine Content The molar percentage of guanosine and cytidine nucleobases ([molG+molC]/[molG+molC+molA+molT)) in the DNA of a prokaryotic chromosome and/or plasmid. mol% guanine plus cytosine mol% GC DNA base composition mol% G+C G+C content of the DNA moles guanine+cytosine mol % G+C GC content G+C mol % Carrine Blank mol % guanine plus cytosine G+C content DNA mol G+C content guanine plus cytosine content guanine-plus-cytosine content nitrate reduction The process in which nitrite is reduced to more reduced nitrogen compounds, including nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, and dinitrogen. Carrine Blank gliding motility twitching gliding bacterial gliding Cell gliding, characterized by bacterial movement that does not involve use of a flagellum. Gliding is typically observed when a particular genus or species of microorganism encounters a surface. twitching motility Wikipedia:bacterial_gliding Carrine Blank nitrite reduction The process in which nitrite is reduced to more reduced nitrogen compounds, including nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, and dinitrogen. Carrine Blank anaerobic respiration, using tetrathionate as electron acceptor Carrine Blank The process of anaerobic respiration, through the reduction of tetrathionate to thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, or hydrogen sulfide. Berkefeld W filter A gravity-driven water filter made by the British Berkefeld® company, with a wider pore size W (for Wenig). Pore sizes average 0.45 microns in diameter. Carrine Blank prokaryote cytopathogenicity cytopathogenic Carrine Blank Pathogen role of a pathogenic prokaryotic cell. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cytopathogenic Berkefeld V filter Carrine Blank A gravity-driven water filter made by the British Berkefeld® company, with a narrow pore size V (for Viel). Pore sizes average 0.38 microns in diameter. This is the most common filter size used to study the filterability of microorganisms. intracellular storage of carbon Single-organism metabolic process, where the prokaryotic microorganism uses enzymes to synthesize a storage molecule (usually a polymer) inside the cell that is used to store carbon. Carrine Blank microbiological reactivity to lymphatic materials assay An assay to determine if a particular microbial taxon or isolate has reactivity towards blood, blood plasma, or blood cells (including clotting). Carrine Blank intracellular storage of nitrogen Single-organism metabolic process, where the prokaryotic microorganism uses enzymes to synthesize a storage molecule (usually a polymer) inside the cell that is used to store nitrogen. Carrine Blank egg yolk emulsion From: McClung-Toabe Agar (Atlas, The Handbook of Microbiological Media for the Examination of Food, 2nd ed., pgs 221-222) Egg Yolk Emulsion, 50%: Composition per 100.0 mL: Chicken egg yolks 11 Whole chicken egg 1 NaCl (0.9% solution) 50.0 mL Preparation of Egg Yolk Emulsion, 50%: Soak eggs with 1:100 dilution of saturated mercuric chloride solution for 1 min. Crack eggs and separate yolks from whites. Mix egg yolks with 1 chicken egg. Measure 50.0 mL of egg yolk emulsion and add to 50.0 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Warm to 45-50˚C. Carrine Blank An emulsion of chicken egg and chicken egg yolks, created by heating an homogenized mixture of egg and egg yolks with sodium chloride. erythrocyte hemadsorption assay hamadsorption haemadsorb A microbiological assay for binding to blood cells, where the cell of a microorganism adheres to red blood cells. hemadsorb HAd haemadsorption http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemadsorption\ hemadsorption /he·mad·sorp·tion/ (hem″ad-sorp´shun) the adherence of red cells to other cells, particles, or surfaces.hemadsor´bent Carrine Blank hemolysis assay A microbiological assay of lysis of blood cells, where the assay is for cytolysis of red blood cells. Hemolysis assays are carried out using some formulation of blood agar, and the assay involves determination of whether lysis has occured and the nature of the lysis. Carrine Blank hemolysis serum digestion liquifaction of coagulated serum alpha-hemolysis assay alpha-haemolysis alpha hemolysis green hemolysis incomplete hemolysis viridands-type hemolysis Wikipedia:hemolysis_(microbiology) Alpha-haemolysis occurs when an organism secretes alpha-haemolysin, a protein which forms a pore in the membranes of red blood cells. This leads to the formation of colonies on blood agar that have a dark greenish appearance. The green color is caused by peroxidation of hemoglobin (presence of biliverdin). A hemolysis assay for the process of alpha-hemolysis, where a protein secreted by a microorganism results in the formation of a pore in the membranes of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and thus causing the cells to lyse. Alpha hemolysis partially breaks down the red blood cells leaving a greenish color due to the presence of biliverdin, a by-product of hemoglobin. partial hemolysis Carrine Blank viridans type haemolysis green haemolysis incomplete haemolysis alpha-hemolysis partial haemolysis beta-hemolysis assay beta hemolysis Carrine Blank beta-haemolysis complete haemolysis A hemolysis assay for the process of beta-hemolysis, where a protein (beta-haemolysin) secreted by a microorganism results in the hyrolysis of sphingomyelin in erythrocytes (red blood cells) and thus causing the cells to lyse. Beta-hemolysis breaks down the red blood cells and hemoglobin completely, leaving a clear zone in the agar around the growing cells or colonies. complete hemolysis betahemolysis Wikipedia:hemolysis_(microbiology) Beta hemolysis (β-hemolysis), is caused by the secretion of beta-hemolysin by a pathogenic bacterium. Beta-hemolysin is a protein which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, releasing phosphoryl choline and resulting in lysis fo the red blood cell. The result are colonies on blood agar that are surrounded by a yellow, transparent zone. gamma-hemolysis assay Carrine Blank A hemolysis assay for the process of gamma-hemolysis, where a protein (beta-haemolysin) secreted by a microorganism results in the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin in erythrocytes (red blood cells) and thus causing the cells to lyse. Gamma-hemolysis does not break dow the red blood cells, and thus no clearing is seen. Wikipedia:hemolysis_(microbiology) Gamma hemolysis, caused by the secretion of gamma-hemolysin, results in the lysis of leucocytes (white blood cells). Red blood cells are unaffected, and therefore do not show hemolytic activity on blood agar plates. erythrocyte hemagglutination assay HA haemagglutinated Carrine Blank Wikipedia:hemagglutination Hemagglutination, or haemagglutination, is a specific form of agglutination that involves red blood cells (RBCs). It has two common uses in the laboratory: blood typing and the quantification of virus dilutions. hemagglutinated A microbiological assay for binding to blood cells, where a microorganism causes red blood cells to clump (agglutinate). haemagglutinates hemagglutinates haemagglutination cytadsorption cytadherence Heterotypic cell-cell adhesion where a prokaryotic cell is able to adhere to another cell. Carrine Blank Staley vitamin solution From: Staley JT. 1981. The genera Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Truper HG, Balows A,Schlegel HG, (eds). The prokaryotes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pg 68. Vitamin Solution B12 0.1 mg Biotin 2 mg Calcium pantothenate 5 mg Folic acid 2 mg nicotinamide 5 mg pyridoxine HCl 10 mg riboflavin 5 mg thiamine HCL 5 mg Add distilled water up to 1 L and store in 4˚C in a dark container. A solution of B vitamins including cobalamin (B12), biotin (B7), pantothenic acid (B5), folic acid (B9), nicotinamide (B3), pyridoxine (B6), riboflavin (B2), and thiamine (B1). Used to support the growth of microorganisms. Carrine Blank trace elements solution Carrine Blank A solution of trace elements (or trace metals), sometimes also having an organic chelator of metal ions (such as EDTA or nitrilotriacetic acid). Used to support the growth of microorganisms. trace metals 44 metals "44" metals 44 A trace elements solution containing disodium EDTA, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt nitrate, and sodium tetraborate. Carrine Blank From http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/jcm/jcm_grmd?GRMD=149 Metals ''44'': EDTA·2Na 250.0 mg ZnSO4·7H2O 1095.0 mg FeSO4·7H2O 500.0 mg MnSO4·xH2O 154.0 mg CuSO4·5H2O 39.2 mg Co(NO3)2·6H2O 24.8 mg Na2B4O7·10H2O 17.7 mg Distilled water 1.0 L soil extract Carrine Blank A water extract of soil. Soil extract is often prepared by sieving air dried soil through a coarse sieve and autoclaving distilled water. Used to support the growth of microorganisms. chopped lean ground beef Chopped and ground meat (muscle tissue) containing a low fat content from beef (Bos taurus). Used to culture microorganisms. lean ground beef Carrine Blank microbiological gelling agent A polymeric organic compound or mix of organic compounds which are liquid under autoclave conditions but solidify under the growth conditions used to cultivate a microorganism. Used to make solid microbiological culture media. Carrine Blank vitamin solution Defined organic solution comprised of a mixture of vitamins (used as enzyme co-factors) added in small amounts to microbiological culture medium. Used to support the growth of microorganisms. Carrine Blank homogenized chicken egg Microbiological medium ingredient, derived from chicken egg, where the chicken egg has been homogenized (mixed). Carrine Blank fish peptone An enzymatic hydrolysis of protein derived from fish (of unspecified origin), used for the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank microbiological medium ingredient, derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of mammalian protein Carrine Blank Protein hydrolysates, also called peptones, are the result of the enzymatic hydrolysis of animal protein (mammal meat, muscle tissue). heart pancreatic digest Carrine Blank A pancreatic digest of heart tissue derived from animal (mammalian) tissue, used for the culturing of microorganisms. microbiological medium ingredient, derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of milk protein Protein hydrolysates, also called peptones, are the result of the enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins (such as casein or lactalbumin). Carrine Blank peptone from casein pancreatic digest of gelatin pancreatic digest of gelatin peptone gelatine peptone A pancreatic digest of gelatin, extracted from collagen derived from bone, cartilage, and connective tissue (of unspecified origin). Carrine Blank gelatin peptone gelatine peptone, pancreatic Gelysate(TM) peptone microbiological culture medium, promotes growth of autotrophs A microbiological culture medium that lacks organic carbon compounds and therefore promotes the growth of autotrophic microorganisms. Carrine Blank mineral salts media Mineral salts growth medium microbiological culture medium, promotes growth of heterotrophs A microbiological culture medium that contains organic carbon compounds and therefore promotes the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms. Carrine Blank Carboxymethyl cellulose agar A mineral-salts, solid microbiological culture medium with yeast extract, ammonium phosphate, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Used for the cultivation of microorganisms capable of metabolizing cellulose. CMC-containing plates From: BugwoodWiki:CMCA (Carboxymethylcellulose agar) Medium contains: Part 1: Distilled water, 1 L NH4H2PO4, 1 g KCl, 0.2 g MgSO4*7H2O, 1 g Yeast extract, 1 g Part 2: Carboxymethyl cellulose, 26 g Agar, 3g Mix ingredients from Part 1 and add ingredients from Part 2 while stirring Autoclave 20 minutes. cellulose gum agar Carrine Blank carboxymethylcellulose plates CMC plates CMCA agar plate medium Carrine Blank A solid microbiological culture medium that has been solidified by agar and poured into a flat surface in a Petri dish. hypersaline microbiological culture medium A microbiological culture medium that has a salinity of greater than 5% salt. Carrine Blank marine microbiological culture medium Carrine Blank A microbiological culture medium that has a salinity of 3-5 % salts. brackish microbiological culture medium Carrine Blank A microbiological culture medium that has a salinity of greater than 0.05 % salts and less than 3% salts. prokaryotic physiological quality Carrine Blank A prokaryotic quality relating the optimal physiological preference (pressure, salinity, temperature) of a particular strain of prokaryotes. When these preferred conditions are met, the organism will exhibit cell division. barophilic Wikipedia:piezophile Barophilic microorganisms grow at high pressures. They are typically isolated from deep subsurface or deep sea habitats. Pressure optimum quality, where growth rates at elevated pressures are higher than growth rates at atmospheric pressure. Generally a characteristic of prokaryotic microorganisms that grow in the deep oceans. piezophile Carrine Blank piezophilic barophile requires magnesium for growth Magnesium required Magnesium is required Mg2+ required Magnesium (II) ions are required to be present in order for growth of a particular microorganism to occur. Carrine Blank microbiological diagnostic assay An assay used to identify or characterize a microorganism. Is used to determine the biological process, quality, cellular component, molecular function, or a chemical entity that is associated with the particular microorganism. Carrine Blank urease assay urease URE urea hydrolysis urease test An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of urease in a microorganism. Urease hydrolyzes urea to produce CO2 and ammonia, which increases the pH of the media: (NH2)2CO + H2O -> CO2 + 2 NH3 The urease test uses phenol red as a pH indicator. An increase in alkalinity results in a color from yellow to pink/red. A positive result is pink/orange/red; a negative test result is yellow. The test employs either Christensen's Urea Agar or Stuart's Urea Broth. http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/laboratory-test/3223-urease-test-protocol Carrine Blank barotolerant Wikipedia:piezophlie Barotolerant microorganisms are able to grow or survive at high pressures, but can also grow and survive at atmospheric pressures. Pressure optimum quality, where some growth occurs at elevated pressures, but growth is fastest at atmospheric pressures. facultative barophile piezotolerant Carrine Blank facultatively barophilic obligately barophilic Barophilic, and can only grow at elevated pressures. These organisms require elevated pressure to grow and survive. Wikipedia:piezophile Carrine Blank obligate piezophile aerophilicity The metabolic quality of a microorganism with respect to its relationship to oxygen. Carrine Blank aerobicity fermentation metabolic process Carrine Blank fermentation fermenter ferment ferments fermentatively fermentative Wikipedia:fermentation Fermentation is a metabolic process of microorganisms which converts a carbohydrate carbon and energy substrate into acids, gases, and/or alcohols. fermenting fermented fermentable A prokaryotic metabolic process where the carbon and energy sources are organic compounds. Is an anaerobic process which does not require an electron transport system. respiratory metabolic process A prokaryotic metabolic process which involves the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds and involves an electron transport chain. Carrine Blank aerobic Carrine Blank Wikipedia:aerobic organism An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. Facultative anaerobes grow and survive in an oxygenated environment and so do aerotolerant anaerobes. aerobic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the organism grows in the presence of oxygen. aerobically anaerobic anoxic Carrine Blank anaerobic Wikipedia:anaerobic_organism An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. It may react negatively or even die if oxygen is present, which means that it can perform its bodily functions better in the absence of oxygen. An anaerobic organism may be unicellular or multicellular (like metazoa or more complex organisms like deep sea worms). A few parasites like Trichinella spiralis (pork worm) respire anaerobically in nurse cells (infected cell playing host to the juvenile parasite). Some largely unicellular anaerobic microbes are protozoans, but most of the anaerobic microbes are bacteria or Archaea. For practical purposes there are three categories: obligate anaerobes, which are harmed by the presence of oxygen aerotolerant organisms, which cannot use oxygen for growth, but tolerate the presence of it facultative anaerobes, which can grow without oxygen but can utilize oxygen if it is present anaerobically A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the organism grows in the absence of oxygen. chemotrophy Wikipedia:Chemotroph Chemotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs). The chemotroph designation is in contrast to phototrophs, which utilize solar energy. Chemotrophs can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source. Carrine Blank mixotrophy Wikipedia:Mixotroph A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon. Possible alternations are between photo- and chemotrophy, between litho- and organotrophy, between auto- and heterotrophy or a combination of it. Mixotrophs can be either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. They can take advantage of different environmental conditions. If a trophic mode is obligate, then it is always necessary for sustaining growth and maintenance; if facultative, it can be used as a supplemental source. Some organisms have incomplete Calvin cycles, so they are incapable of fixing carbon dioxide and must use organic carbon sources. A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where phototrophy and heterotrophy co-occur at the same instance in time. Carrine Blank phototrophy A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where light is the energy source. Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Phototroph Phototrophs are the organisms that carry out photon capture to acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. Most of the well-recognized phototrophs are autotrophs, also known as photoautotrophs, and can fix carbon. photolithotrophy A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where light is the energy source, and the electron donor is an inorganic compound. Wikipedia:Lithotroph Photolithotrophs obtain energy from light and therefore use inorganic electron donors only to fuel biosynthetic reactions (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation in lithoautotrophs). These bacteria are photosynthetic; photolithotrophic bacteria are found in the purple bacteria (e. g., Chromatiaceae), green bacteria (Chlorobiaceae and Chloroflexi) and Cyanobacteria. Purple and green bacteria oxidize sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, iron or hydrogen. Cyanobacteria extract reducing equivalents from water, i.e., they oxidise water to oxygen. The electrons obtained from the electron donors are not used for ATP production (as long as there is light); they are used in biosynthetic reactions. Some photolithotrophs shift over to chemolithotrophic metabolism in the dark. Carrine Blank photolithoautotrophy Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Microbial metabolism Photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor). A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide photofermentation A prokaryotic metabolic process that involves fermentation in the light. Is carried out by photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms. Carrine Blank Wikipedia: Photofermentation Photofermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to anaerobic conversion. Photofermentation differs from dark fermentation because it only proceeds in the presence of light. For example photo-fermentation with Rhodobacter sphaeroides SH2C (or many other purple non-sulfur bacteria[1]) can be employed to convert small molecular fatty acids into hydrogen[2] and other products. photofermentative aerotolerant Wikipedia:anaerobic_organism An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. For practical purposes there are three categories: obligate anaerobes, which are harmed by the presence of oxygen aerotolerant organisms, which cannot use oxygen for growth, but tolerate the presence of it facultative anaerobes, which can grow without oxygen but can utilize oxygen if it is present Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the organism grows in the absence of oxygen. Can grow or live in the presence of oxygen. facultatively anaerobic facultative anaerobe facultatively anaerobic facultatively aerobic Wikipedia:facultative_anaerobic_organism A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism, usually a bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation. In contrast, obligate anaerobes die in the presence of oxygen. Carrine Blank facultative anaerobe A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the organism grows in the presence of oxygen or in the absence of oxygen. facultative aerobe obligately anaerobic obligate anaerobic Wikipedia:obligate_anaerobe Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms that live and grow in the absence of molecular oxygen; some of these are killed by oxygen. strictly anoxic strictly anaerobic obligately anaerobic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the organism grows in the absence of oxygen. Cannot grow or live in the presence of oxygen. obligatory anaerobic Carrine Blank chemolithotrophy Carrine Blank A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, and the electron donor is an inorganic compound. Wikipedia:Lithotroph A chemolithotroph (named after the process of chemolithotropy) is a type of extremophile that is able to use inorganic reduced compounds as a source of energy. This process is accomplished through oxidation and ATP synthesis. Most chemolithotrophs are able to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) through the Calvin Cycle, a metabolic pathway in which carbon enters as CO2 and leaves as glucose. This group of organisms includes sulfur oxidizers, nitrifying bacteria, iron oxidizers, and hydrogen oxidizers. The term chemolithotropy refers to a cell’s acquisition of energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, also known as electron donors, in the absence of light. Chemolithotropy is a form of metabolism, and the extreme conditions under which it can take place leads to its classification as a branch of the extremophiles. This process only occurs in prokaryotes, and was first characterized by the Russian microbiologist Sergej Winogradsky. chemoorganotrophy A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, and the electron donor is an organic compound. Wikipedia:Primary nutritional groups Chemoorganotrophs are organisms which oxidize the chemical bonds in organic compounds as their energy source. Chemoorganotrophs also attain the carbon molecules that they need for cellular function from these organic compounds. The organic compounds that they oxidize include sugars (i.e. glucose), fats and proteins).[2] Carrine Blank photolithoheterotrophy Carrine Blank A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. photoorganotrophy A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where light is the energy source, and the electron donor is an organic compound. photoheterotroph Wikipedia:Photoheterotroph Photoheterotrophs are heterotrophic organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source. Consequently, they use organic compounds from the environment to satisfy their carbon requirements; these compounds include carbohydrates, fatty acids, and alcohols. Examples of photoheterotrophic organisms include purple non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria. Carrine Blank photoorganoautotrophy Carrine Blank A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an carbon dioxide. photoorganoheterotrophy Wikipedia:Microbial metabolism Photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen). Carrine Blank A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. chemolithoautotrophy Wikipedia:Microbial metabolism Chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria. Carrine Blank A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide. chemolithoheterotrophy Wikipedia:Microbial metabolism Chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacillus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria. Carrine Blank A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. chemoorganoautotrophy A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide. Carrine Blank chemoorganoheterotrophy A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Primary nutritional groups A chemoorganoheterotrophic organism is one that requires organic substrates to get its carbon for growth and development, and that produces its energy from oxido-reduction of an organic compound. This group of organisms may be further subdivided according to what kind of organic substrate and compound they use. Decomposers are examples of Chemoorganoheterotrophs which obtain carbon and electron reactions from dead organic matter. Herbivores and carnivores are examples of organisms that obtain carbon and electron reactions from living organic matter. heterotroph microaerophilic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the organism grows in the presence of oxygen, where the oxygen concentration is less than atmospheric levels. Wikipedia:microaerophile A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen than are present in the atmosphere (~20% concentration). Many microphiles are also capnophiles, as they require an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide. In the laboratory they can be easily cultivated in a candle jar. A candle jar is a container into which a lit candle is introduced before sealing the container's airtight lid. The candle's flame burns until extinguished by oxygen deprivation, which creates a carbon dioxide-rich, oxygen-poor atmosphere in the jar. microaerobically Microaerophilically microaerobic microaerophilic Carrine Blank microoxic obligately aerobic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the organism grows in the presence of oxygen. Is incapable of anaerobic growth (growth in the absence of oxygen). Wikipedia:obligate_aerobe An obligate aerobe is an aerobic organism that requires oxygen to grow. Through cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to oxidize substances, like sugars or fats, in order to obtain energy. During respiration, they use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. They have the advantage of yielding more energy than obligate anaerobes, but face high levels of oxidative stress. obligatory aerobic obligately aerobic Carrine Blank strictly aerobic microbiological medium ingredient, derived from extracts of plants Undefined mixtures of complex organic compounds deriving from the aqueous extraction (an extraction using water, such as hot water or steam) of macroscopic plants. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank defined organic chemical mixture Organic compounds or mixtures of organic compounds added to culture media to support growth or metabolism of a microorganism. Because the exact composition of the mixture is known, it is referred to as "defined". Carrine Blank clarified rumen fluid Undefined organic chemical mixture, comprised of ruminal fluid derived from the rumen of a cow, which has been clarified (through the processes of heating/autoclaving and then centrifugation). Used to cultivate microorganisms. rumen fluid Tureen fluid Carrine Blank sludge fluid From Wikipedia:Sludge: Sludge is a semi-solid slurry and can be produced as sewage sludge from wastewater treatment processes or as a settled suspension obtained from conventional drinking water treatment and numerous other industrial processes. Carrine Blank Fluid derived from the liquid component of municipal sludge, used for the cultivation of microorganisms. Yeastolate Carrine Blank The water-soluble portion of autolyzed yeast (Saccharomyces cereviseiae), used to support the growth of microorganisms. Yeastolate is a branch name for a yeast extract sold by BD. TC Proteose Yeastolate From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): TC Yeastolate products are animal-free and water-soluble portions of autolyzed yeast or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. TC Yeastolate is a mixture of peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, simple and complex as well as vitamins. Ash content is 11.7% NaCl content is 0.6% Bacto(TM) TC Yeastolate multicellular prokaryote Carrine Blank multicellular A prokaryotic cellularity where cells are physically attached, or connected, to one another after cell division occurs. Septation may or may not occur. The connections between the cells may be loose and transient, or may be long-lasting and permanent. chocolatized defibrinated blood Carrine Blank From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Chocolatized Defibrinated Blood is defibrinated blood that has been heated to release additional growth factors that would otherwise remain unavailable within intact red blood cells. Heat stable hemin (X-factor) and heat labile nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (V-factor) are the growth factors readily available in chocolatized media. Blood medium ingredient comprised of defibrinated blood that has been heated. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. inspissated serum Serum medium ingredient comprised of blood serum from a mammal that has been inspissated (dehydrated, i.e. has a decreased water composition). Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need inspissated blood serum to grow. From Wikipedia:Inspissation: Inspissation is the process of thickening by dehydration. Carrine Blank Spissated serum prokaryotic differentiated cell Carrine Blank Prokaryotic cells which have a morphological shape and a role that is different from vegetative (undifferentiated cells). prokaryotic differentiated cell, specialized for nitrogen fixation Prokaryotic differentiated cell that has a role in the fixation of gaseous dinitrogen (N2) into ammonia and thus enhance survival in nitrogen-deficient environments. Carrine Blank prokaryotic differentiated cell, specialized for asexual reproduction Prokaryotic differentiated cell that has a role in asexual reproduction. Carrine Blank prokaryotic differentiated cell, specialized for dormancy Prokaryotic differentiated cell which contributes to enhanced dormancy and thus survival during times unsuitable for growth. Shioi marine medium An organic-rich, marine, liquid microbiological culture medium containing yeast extract, polypeptone, casamino acids, and glycerol in an artificial sea water base. Used for the growth Erythrobacter. Shioi Y. 1986. Growth characteristics and substrate specificity of aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. Och-114. Plant Cell Physiol 27:567-572. Shioi (1986) used a medium which contains in 1 liter of distilled water: 20 g NaCl, 5.0 g MgCl2x6H2O, 2.0 g Na2SO4, 0.5 g KCl, 0.5 g CaCl2x2H2O, 0.2 g NaHCO3, 0.1 g ferric citrate, 2.0 g yeast extract (Difco), 1.0 g polypeptone, 1.0 g Casamino acids, and 1.0 mL glycerol. The pH is not in any available references online or in Bergey's Manual. However is likely slightly alkaline due to the buffering of sodium bicarbonate. Shioi's marine medium SMM medium Carrine Blank SMM media Shiba T & Imhoff JF. 2005. Genus XVIII. Roseobacter in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd Ed. Vol 2, Part C, p. 213. SM medium Carrine Blank From: http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2008/12/pdb.rec11558.full?text_only=true SM Broth Composition: Reagent Quantity (for 1 L) Final concentration Glucose 10 g 56 mM KH2PO4 1.9 g 14 mM K2HPO4 0.6 g 3.4 mM NH4Cl 1 g 20 mM Proteose peptone 2 ( Difco 212120) 10 g 1% Yeast extract (Oxoid LP0021) 1 g 0.1% Dissolve in 1 L of H2O. Adjust the pH to 6.0–6.4 with KOH. SM broth A liquid microbiological culture medium containing gelatin, magnesium sulfate, and sodium chloride. Used for the storage and dilution of Escherichia coli bacteriophage lambda. CMRL-1066 medium with glutamine From: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Sigma/Datasheet/c0422dat.pdf CMRL-1066 With L-Glutamine, Without Sodium Bicarbonate Components g/L L-Alanine 0.025 L-Arginine 0.05787 L-Aspartic Acid 0.03 L-Cysteine•HCl• H2O 0.26 L-Cystine 0.02 L-Glutamic Acid 0.075 L-Glutamine 0.1 Glycine 0.05 L-Histidine HCl• H2O 0.02 Trans-4-Hydroxy-L-Proline 0.01 L-Isoleucine 0.02 L-Leucine 0.06 L-Lysine•HCl 0.07 L-Methionine 0.015 L-Phenylalanine 0.025 L-Proline 0.04 L-Serine 0.025 L-Threonine 0.03 L-Tryptophan 0.01 L-Tyrosine 0.04 L-Valine 0.025 L-Ascorbic Acid 0.05 PABA 0.00005 D-Biotin 0.00001 Choline Chloride 0.0005 Coenzyme A•Na 0.0025 Cocarboxylase 0.001 2'-Deoxyadenosine 0.01 2'-Deoxyguanosine 0.01 2'-Deoxycytidine•HCl 0.0116 Flavin Aadenine Dinucleotide•2Na 0.000106 Folic Acid 0.00001 myo-Inositol 0.00005 5-Methyldeoxycytidine 0.0001 beta-NAD 0.007 beta-NADP•Na 0.001 Niacinamide 0.000025 Nicotinic Acid 0.000025 D-Pantothenic Acid [hemicalcium] 0.00001 Pyridoxal•HCl 0.000025 Pyridoxine•HCl 0.000025 Riboflavin 0.00001 Thiamine•HCl 0.00001 Thymidine 0.01 Uridine-5-Triphosphate•Na 0.001 Calcium Chloride [Anhydrous] 0.2 Magnesium Sulfate [Anhydrous] 0.09769 Potassium Chloride 0.4 Sodium Acetate [Anhydrous] 0.05 Sodium Chloride 6.8 Sodium Phosphate Monobasic [Anhydrous] 0.122 D-Glucose 1.0 Phenol Red•Na 0.02124 Glutathione 0.01 D-Glucuronic Acid•Na 0.00388 Cholesterol 0.0002 Tween 80 0.005 Sodium bicarbonate is added during the preparation step and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.3. A defined liquid microbiological culture medium containing glucose, a pH indicator, a mixture of amino acids, vitamins, co-factors, and organic micronutrients. Used for tissue cell culture. skim milk medium From: Skim Milk Medium (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Skim Milk Medium may be used for the cultivation and differentiation of microorganisms based on the coagulation and proteolysis of casein. Principles of the Procedure Skim Milk is a source of lactose and casein and other nutrients required for the growth of lactobacilli.4 Clostridial species can be differentiated based on their ability to enzymatically degrade proteins to peptones (peptonization) or coagulate milk.5 It may be used to detect the stormy fermentation produced by Clostridium perfringens. Formula Difco(TM) Skim Milk Approximate Formula* Per Liter Skim Milk Powder 100.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.3 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing skim milk powder. Used to cultivate microorganisms that can metabolize casein. skim milk agar From: Skim Milk Medium (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Skim Milk Medium may be used for the cultivation and differentiation of microorganisms based on the coagulation and proteolysis of casein. Principles of the Procedure Skim Milk is a source of lactose and casein and other nutrients required for the growth of lactobacilli.4 Clostridial species can be differentiated based on their ability to enzymatically degrade proteins to peptones (peptonization) or coagulate milk.5 It may be used to detect the stormy fermentation produced by Clostridium perfringens. Formula Difco(TM) Skim Milk Approximate Formula* Per Liter Skim Milk Powder 100.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.3 ± 0.2 An organic-ric, solid microbiological culture medium containing skim milk powder. Used to cultivate microorganisms that can metabolize casein. Skim milk media containing agar. Columbia sheep blood agar Carrine Blank Sheep blood agar Columbia blood agar CSB agar CBA Columba-based sheep blood agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium, containing peptones, starch, and sheep blood. Used for the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms that require blood. Heart infusion agar supplemented with sheep blood CSB From: Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep Blood (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Columbia Agar Base, without or with the addition of 5% (or 10%) sheep blood, is a highly nutritious, general-purpose medium for the isolation and cultivation of nonfastidious and fastidious microorganisms from a variety of clinical and nonclinical materials. Difco™ Columbia Blood Agar Base Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 10.0 g Proteose Peptone No. 3................................................ 5.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 5.0 g Beef Heart, Infusion from 500 g................................... 3.0 g Corn Starch.................................................................. 1.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g Directions for Preparation from Dehydrated Product 1. Suspend the powder in 1 L of purified water: Difco™ Columbia Blood Agar Base – 44 g; BBL™ Columbia Agar Base – 42.5 g; Difco™ Columbia Blood Agar Base EH – 39 g. Mix thoroughly. 2. Heat with frequent agitation and boil for 1 minute to completely dissolve the powder. 3. Autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. 4. For preparation of blood agar, cool the base to 45-50°C and add 5% sterile, defibrinated blood. Mix well. 5. Test samples of the finished product for performance using stable, typical control cultures. Columbia Agar Base An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium, containing peptones and starch. Used for the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms. Carrine Blank From: Columbia Agar Base (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Columbia Agar Base, without or with the addition of 5% (or 10%) sheep blood, is a highly nutritious, general-purpose medium for the isolation and cultivation of nonfastidious and fastidious microorganisms from a variety of clinical and nonclinical materials. Principles of the Procedure Columbia Agar Base supplemented with sheep, rabbit or horse blood derives its superior growth-supporting properties from the combination of peptones prepared from pancreatic digest of casein, meat peptic digest and heart pancreatic digest. Yeast extract and corn starch are also included in the formulation and serve as energy sources with yeast extract being a supplier of the B-complex vitamins. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic balance in the medium. It should be noted that Columbia Sheep Blood Agar has a relatively high carbohydrate content and, therefore, beta-hemolytic streptococci may produce a greenish hemolytic reaction that may be mistaken for alpha hemolysis. Fildes enrichment is prepared by the action of the enzyme pepsin on defibrinated sheep blood. Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic that is active mainly against gram-positive bacteria. BBL™ Columbia Agar Base Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 10.0 g Meat Peptic Digest....................................................... 5.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 5.0 g Heart Pancreatic Digest................................................ 3.0 g Corn Starch.................................................................. 1.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 13.5 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 seawater agar Humphry DR, George A, Black GW & Cummings SP. 2001. Flavobacteirum frigidarium sp. nov., an aerobic, psychrophilic, xylanolytic and laminariolytic bacterium from Antarctica. IJSEM 51:1235-1243. From: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium246.pdf DSMZ Medium 246 246. SEA WATER AGAR Beef extract 10.0 g Peptone 10.0 g Agar 20.0 g Tap water 250.0 ml Sea water* 750.0 ml Dissolve beef extract and peptone by heating in tap water, adjust pH to 7.8 and boil for 10 min. Readjust pH to 7.3. Add agar and autoclave at 121°C for 20 min. Directly after autoclaving, add warm (55°C) sterile sea water. Liquid medium without agar should be combined when cooled to room temperature. *Natural sea water is stored in the dark for at least three weeks to "age". If natural sea water is not available use artificial sea water. Artificial sea water: NaCl 28.13 g KCl 0.77 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.60 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.80 g NaHCO3 0.11 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.50 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved An organic-rich, marine, solid microbiological culture medium containing beef extract and peptone, in a diluted artificial sea water base. Used for the growth of marine Flavobacterium. Carrine Blank ZoBell medium, NaCl-free From: Yi H, Cho J-C, & Chun J. 2012. Flavivirga jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Flavivirga amylovorans sp. nov., new members of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater, and emended descriptions of the genera Psychroserpens and Lacinutrix. IJSEM 62:1061-1068. Growth in synthetic ZoBell broth was tested at 5-50˚C (at 5˚C intervals) and in the presence of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15 and 20% (w/v) NaCl or sea salts (Sigma). Sea salts-free Zobell's medium An organic-rich, mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and yeast extract in a base of artificial sea water. Made without sodium chloride. Used to test the salinity preference of marine heterotrophic microorganisms. Carrine Blank rabbit laked blood agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptones, yeast extract, sodium chloride, glucose, sodium sulfite, hemin, vitamin K, and laked rabbit blood. Used for the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms that require blood. Carrine Blank From: Atlas RM, Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd edition, pg. 1472 Composition per liter: Agar 15.0 g Pancreatic digest of casein 10.0 g Peptic digest of animal tissue 10.0 g NaCl 5.0 g Yeast extract 2.0 g Glucose 1.0 g NaHSO3 0.1 g Rabbit blood, laked 50.0 mL Hemin solution 1.0 mL Vitamin K1 solution 1.0 mL pH 7.0 +/- 0.2 at 25˚C Hemin solution: Composition per 100.0 mL: Hemin 0.5 g NaOH (1N solution) 10.0 mL Preparation of Hemin Solution: Add hemin to 10.0 mL of NaOH solution. Mix thoroughly. Vitamin K1 solution: Composition per 20.0 mL: Vitamin K1 (phytomenadione) 0.2 g Ethanol (95% solution) 20.0 mL Preparation of Vitamin K1 Solution: Add vitamin K1 to 20.0 mL of ethanol. Mix thoroughly. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except vitamin K1 solution and laked rabbit blood, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 849.0 mL. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Cool to 45-55˚C. Aseptically add 1.0 mL of sterile vitamin K1 solution and 50.0 mL of sterile laked rabbit blood. Laked blood is prepared by freezing whole blood overnight and thawing to room temperature. Mix thoroughly. Pour into steril Petri dishes or distribute into sterile tubes. Use: For the cultivation and enhancement of pigment production of a variety of anaerobic bacteria. R2A medium An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing yeast extract, proteose peptone, casamino acids, glucose, starch, and pyruvate. Used for the growth of heterotrophic bacteria from potable (fresh) water. Reasoner's 2A From: Wikipedia: R2a agar R2A agar (Reasoner´s 2A agar) is a culture medium developed to study bacteria which normally inhabit potable water. These bacteria tend to be slow-growing species and would quickly be suppressed by faster-growing species on a richer culture medium. Since its development in 1979, it has been found to allow the culturing of many other bacteria that will not readily grow on fuller, complex organic media. Typical Composition (g/l) Proteose peptone, 0.5 Casamino acids, 0.5 Yeast extract, 0.5 Dextrose, 0.5 Soluble starch, 0.5 Dipotassium phosphate, 0.3 Magnesium sulfate 7H2O, 0.05 Sodium pyruvate, 0.3 Agar, 15 Final pH 7 ± 0.2 R2A broth Carrine Blank R3A medium Carrine Blank From: Reasoner DJ & Geldreich EE. 1985. A new medium for the enumeration and subculture of bacteria from potable water. AEM 49(1):1-7. Composiotn of R3A Experimental Media (From Table 1): Yeast extract, 1.0 g/L Difco Proteose Peptone No. 3, 1.0 g/L Casamino Acids, 1.0 g/L Glucose, 1.0 g/L Soluble starch, 1.0 g/L Sodium pyruvate, 0.5 g/L K2HPO4, 0.6 g/L MgSO4x7H2O, 0.1 g/L Agar, 15.0 g/L Final pH 7.2; adjust with crystalline K2HPO4 or KH2PO4 before adding agar. Add agar, heat medium to boiling to dissolve agar, and autoclave for 15 min at 121°C and 15 lb/in2. An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing yeast extract, proteose peptone, casamino acids, glucose, starch, and pyruvate. Concentration of organic and inorganic constituents are twice that in R2A medium. Used for the growth of heterotrophic bacteria from potable (fresh) water. R2A agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing yeast extract, proteose peptone, casamino acids, glucose, starch, and pyruvate. Used for the growth of heterotrophic bacteria from potable (fresh) water. Carrine Blank R2A plates From: Wikipedia: R2a agar R2A agar (Reasoner´s 2A agar) is a culture medium developed to study bacteria which normally inhabit potable water. These bacteria tend to be slow-growing species and would quickly be suppressed by faster-growing species on a richer culture medium. Since its development in 1979, it has been found to allow the culturing of many other bacteria that will not readily grow on fuller, complex organic media. Typical Composition (g/l) Proteose peptone, 0.5 Casamino acids, 0.5 Yeast extract, 0.5 Dextrose, 0.5 Soluble starch, 0.5 Dipotassium phosphate, 0.3 Magnesium sulfate 7H2O, 0.05 Sodium pyruvate, 0.3 Agar, 15 Final pH 7 ± 0.2 YPD broth GYEA An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose (D-glucose). Used for the cultivation of yeasts. PYG medium peptone yeast glucose broth peptone/yeast-extract/glucose broth From: Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use YPD Agar and YPD Broth are used for maintaining and propagating yeasts in molecular microbiology procedures. Principles of the Procedure YPD Agar and YPD Broth contain peptone as a source of carbon, nitrogen, vitamins and minerals. Yeast extract supplies B-complex vitamins which stimulate bacterial growth. Dextrose is the carbohydrate source. YPD Agar contains agar as the solidifying agent. Formulae Difco™ YPD Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Yeast Extract.............................................................. 10.0 g Peptone..................................................................... 20.0 g Dextrose.................................................................... 20.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g Difco™ YPD Broth Consists of the same ingredients without the agar. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.5 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank peptone-yeast extract-glucose Glucose-yeast extract agar pH is 6.5 PYG broth YPD agar PYG plates Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose (D-glucose). Used for the cultivation of yeasts. pH is 6.5 PYG agar From: Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use YPD Agar and YPD Broth are used for maintaining and propagating yeasts in molecular microbiology procedures. Principles of the Procedure YPD Agar and YPD Broth contain peptone as a source of carbon, nitrogen, vitamins and minerals. Yeast extract supplies B-complex vitamins which stimulate bacterial growth. Dextrose is the carbohydrate source. YPD Agar contains agar as the solidifying agent. Formulae Difco™ YPD Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Yeast Extract.............................................................. 10.0 g Peptone..................................................................... 20.0 g Dextrose.................................................................... 20.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g Difco™ YPD Broth Consists of the same ingredients without the agar. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.5 ± 0.2 peptone-yeast extract-glucose agar YPD-Tween medium Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing yeast extract, peptone, and glucose. Supplemented with Tween 80 (0.02%, aka polysorbate 80). Used for the cultivation of Bacteroides spp. PYG-Tween Peptone-yeast extract-tween basal medium From: Cato EP, Holdeman LV, & Moore WEC. 1979. Proposal of neotype strains for seven non-saccharolytic Bacteroides species. IJSB 29(4):427-434. Growth was stimulated by the addition of ca. 0.02% Tween 80 to the media. PYE medium Peptone-yeast extract broth PY Carrine Blank PYE broth From: Kampfer P, Busse H-J, Longaric I, Rossello-Mora R, Galatis H, & Lodders N. 2012. Pseudarcicella hirudinis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the skin of the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis. IJSEM 62:2247-2251. 0.3% (w/v) peptone from casein 0.3% (w/v) yeast extract pH 7.2 at 28˚C An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing casitone and yeast extract. Used for the growth of Pseudarcicella sp. peptone water medium peptone-water medium Carrine Blank From: Peptone Water (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Peptone Water is used for cultivating nonfastidious organisms, for studying carbohydrate fermentation patterns and for performing the indole test. Principles of the Procedure Peptone Water contains peptone as a source of carbon, nitrogen, vitamins and minerals. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance of the medium. Formula Difco™ Peptone Water Approximate Formula* Per Liter Peptone..................................................................... 10.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.2 ± 0.2 An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptone and sodium chloride. peptone water plate count agar PCA An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of casein, yeast extract, and dextrose. Used for the enumeration of microorganisms that grow in dairy products. Standard methods agar Tryptone Glucose Yeast Extract Agar PCA agar Tryptone glucose yeast agar Carrine Blank From: Plate Count Agar/Standard Methods Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Plate Count Agar and Standard Methods Agar (Plate Count Agar; Tryptone Glucose Yeast Agar) are used for obtaining microbial plate counts from milk and dairy products, foods, water and other materials of sanitary importance. Principles of the Procedure Enzymatic digest of casein provides the amino acids and other complex nitrogenous substances necessary to support bacterial growth. Yeast extract primarily supplies the B-complex vitamins, and dextrose is an energy source. TTC is reduced to the insoluble formazan inside the bacterial cell producing red-colored colonies. Formula Difco™ Plate Count Agar or BBL™ Standard Methods Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 5.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 2.5 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.0 ± 0.2 TGY agar pca medium Pseudomonas isolation agar PIA An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptone, potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride, and Irgasan (aka triclosan; a broad spectrum antibiotic). Is a selective medium used for the isoaltion and growth of Pseudomonas. From: Pseudomonas Isolation Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Pseudomonas Isolation Agar is used with added glycerol in isolating Pseudomonas and differentiating Pseudomonas aeruginosa from other pseudomonads based on pigment formation. Principles of the Procedure Peptone provides the carbon and nitrogen necessary for bacterial growth. Magnesium chloride and potassium sulfate promote production of pyocyanin. Irgasan, an antimicrobial agent, selectively inhibits gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas spp. Agar is the solidifying agent. Glycerol serves as an energy source and also helps to promote pyocyanin production. Formula Difco™ Pseudomonas Isolation Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Peptone..................................................................... 20.0 g Magnesium Chloride.................................................... 1.4 g Potassium Sulfate....................................................... 10.0 g Irgasan™..................................................................... 25.0 mg Agar.......................................................................... 13.6 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.0 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank OF basal agar O/F medium Leifson's O/F medium Hugh and Leifson's OF basal medium oxidation fermentation medium Leifson's O-F medium Hugh and Leifson's Carrine Blank OF basal medium An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptone, glucose, sodium chloride, and a pH indicator (bromthymol blue). Used to test for the ability of a microorganism to metabolize specific carbohydrates, which are added to the basal medium. From: http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3151-oxidative-fermentative-test-protocol RECIPE Hugh and Leifson’s OF basal medium (6, 8) Peptone (tryptone) 2.0 g Sodium chloride 5.0 g Glucose (or other carbohydrate)a 10.0 g Bromthymol blue 0.03 g Agar 3.0 g Dipotassium phosphate 0.30 g Bring to 1 liter with distilled water. The pH should be adjusted to 7.1 prior to autoclaving (7). After the medium is autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes, a filter sterilized solution of 10% solution of carbohydrate (6, 8) is aseptically added to the medium to a final concentration of 1%. The sterile medium containing the carbohydrate is aliquoted aseptically into sterile test tubes and cooled unslanted as stabs (5). Some procedures call for the addition of 10 g/liter of carbohydrate to the medium prior to sterilization. The medium is then dissolved by heating to a boil on a hot plate or by steaming for 20 minutes prior to aliquoting into test tubes. The tubed medium is then steamed for 20 minutes in place of autoclaving to prevent breaking down of the carbohydrate (7). OF basal medium is commercially available in a premixed form from biological supply companies. The carbohydrate source is not included and must be added as stated above. OF agar with MCS From: Marine Cations Supplement 1558 (From: Farmer, J. J., III & Hickman-Brenner, F. W. (2006). The genera Vibrio and Photobacterium. In The Prokaryotes: a Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria, 3rd edn, vol. 6, pp. 508–563. Edited by M. Dworkin, S. Falkow, E. Rosenberg, K. H. Schleifer & E. Stackebrandt. New York: Springer., pages 532 and 535). This medium is useful for increasing the salt content of bacteriological media to enhance the growth of marine bacteria. It contains Na+, K+, Mg++, and Ca++ at 10 times the in-use concentration. It is our formulation which was modified from the “electrolyte supplement” of Furniss et al. (1978), and it is added in the ratio of one volume of supplement to nine volumes of medium. Sodium chloride (NaCl) 150 g Potassium chloride (KCl) 3.7 g Magnesium chloride (MgCl2 · 6H2O) 51 g Calcium chloride (CaCl2 · 2H20) 7.4 g Water 912 ml Dissolve the ingredients in the order listed. All should dissolve readily, and a crystal-clear, colorless solution should result. The volume of the solution will expand to 1 liter after the salts dissolve. Dispense and autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. It should remain crystal clear after autoclaving, but a slight amount of fine precipitate may form and settle to the bottom of the container. To use this supplement in other media: aseptically add one volume of marine cations, supplement 1558 to nine volumes of the sterile medium, and mix thoroughly. An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptone, glucose, sodium chloride, and a pH indicator (bromthymol blue). Supplemented with MCS (marine cations supplement), which includes sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride. Used to test for the ability of a marine microorganism to metabolize specific carbohydrates, which are added to the basal medium. Carrine Blank O/F medium (with MCS) Lucena T, Pascual J, Giordano A, Gambacorta A, Garay E, Arahal DR, Macian MC, & Pujalte MJ. 2010. Euzebyella saccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae. IJSEM 60:2871-2876. MCS = marine cations supplement nutrient agar 1.5% From: Nutrient Agar 1.5 % (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Nutrient Agar 1.5% is used for cultivating a variety of microorganisms and with the addition of blood or other enrichment can be used for cultivating fastidious microorganisms. Principles of the Procedure Beef extract and peptone provide the nitrogen, vitamins, amino acids and carbon sources in Nutrient Agar 1.5%. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance so that red blood cells will not rupture when blood is added as supplement.1 Agar is the solidifying agent. Formula Difco™ Nutrient Agar 1.5% Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Extract.................................................................. 3.0 g Peptone....................................................................... 5.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 8.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.3 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing beef extract, peptone and sodium chloride (8g/L). Used for the cultivation of general heterotrophic microorganisms. MRS agar A slightly-acidic, organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptones, egg extract, yeast extract, glucose, Tween 80, and minerals salts. Used for the cultivation of Lactobacilli. Carrine Blank de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium From: Wikipedia:MRS_agar Often abbreviated to MRS, this type of bacterial growth medium is so-named by its inventors: de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe. Developed in 1960, this medium was designed to favour the luxuriant growth of Lactobacilli for lab study. It contains sodium acetate, which suppresses the growth of many competing bacteria (although some other Lactobacillales, like Leuconostoc and Pediococcus, may grow). This medium has a clear brown colour.[1] MRS agar typically contains(w/v):[2] 1.0 % peptone 0.8 % egg extract 0.4 % yeast extract 2.0 % glucose 0.5 % sodium acetate trihydrate 0.1 % polysorbate 80 (also known as Tween 80) 0.2 % dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2 % triammonium citrate 0.02 % magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.005 % manganese sulfate tetrahydrate 1.0 % agar pH adjusted to 6.2 at 25°C MM1 medium Carrine Blank A dilute organic carbon-containing, solid microbiological culture medium with glucose, yeast extract, and divalent mineral-salts. Used for the cultivation of Mucilagibacter sp. The pH of the medium is not specified, and the medium itself is unbuffered. The optimal pH of growth for the organism in the study, however, was pH 6.0-6.5. From: Pankratov TA, Tindall BJ, Liesack W, & Dedysh SN. 2007. Mucilaginibacter paludis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Mucilaginibacter gracilis sp. nov., pectin-, xylan- and laminarin-degrading members of the family Sphingobacteriaceae from acidic Sphagnum peat bog. IJSEM 57:2349-2354. All tests were carried out using medium MM1 containing (per liter distilled water) 0.5 g glucose, 0.04 g MgSO4.7H2O, 0.02 g CaCl2.2H2O and 0.1 g yeast extract. filtered tomato juice An undefined organic chemical mixture derived from the juice of a tomato (the fruit of Solanum lycopersicum), formed through the process of maceration (homogenization) followed by filtration. Carrine Blank Mueller-Hinton agar MHA Carrine Blank From: Mueller Hinton Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Each lot of Mueller Hinton Agar and Mueller Hinton II Agar has been tested according to, and meets the acceptance limits of, the current M6 protocol published by the CLSI. Mueller Hinton Agar is recommended for antimicrobial disc diffusion susceptibility testing of common, rapidly growing bacteria by the Bauer-Kirby method, as standardized by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Summary and Explanation Mueller Hinton Agar was originally developed for the cultivation of pathogenic Neisseria.6 However, these organisms are now commonly isolated on selective media. Principles of the Procedure Acid hydrolysate (digest) of casein and beef extract supply amino acids and other nitrogenous substances, minerals, vitamins, carbon and other nutrients to support the growth of microorganisms. Starch acts as a protective colloid against toxic substances that may be present in the medium. Hydrolysis of the starch during autoclaving provides a small amount of dextrose, which is a source of energy. Agar is the solidifying agent. The Bauer-Kirby procedure is based on the diffusion through an agar gel of antimicrobial substances which are impregnated on paper discs.16 In contrast to earlier methods which used discs of high and low antimicrobial concentrations and which used the presence or absence of inhibition zones for their interpretation, this method employs discs with a single concentration of antimicrobial agent and zone diameters are correlated with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC).1,2,4,7,16 In the test procedure, a standardized suspension of the organism is swabbed over the entire surface of the medium. Paper discs impregnated with specified amounts of antibiotic or other antimicrobial agents are then placed on the surface of the medium, the plate is incubated and zones of inhibition around each disc are measured. The determination as to whether the organism is susceptible, intermediate or resistant to an agent is made by comparing zone sizes obtained to those in the CLSI Document M100(M2).4 Various factors have been identified as influencing disc diffusion susceptibility tests. These include the medium, excess surface moisture on the medium, agar depth, disc potency, inoculum concentration, pH and β-lactamase production by test organisms. 7,13,16 Formulae Difco™ Mueller Hinton Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Extract Powder..................................................... 2.0 g Acid Digest of Casein................................................. 17.5 g Starch.......................................................................... 1.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 17.0 g pH 7.3 ± 0.1 BBL™ Mueller Hinton II Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Extract.................................................................. 2.0 g Acid Hydrolysate of Casein......................................... 17.5 g Starch.......................................................................... 1.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 17.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.3 ± 0.1 An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing beef extract, casein hydrolysate, and starch. Used for the cultivation of Neisseria. MacConkey agar MAC Macconkey agar Maccongkey agar Carrine Blank An organic-rich, selective solid microbiological culture medium that contains peptones, lactose, bile salts, crystal violet, and a pH indicator (neutral red). The bile salts inhibit swarming in Proteus spp., and the crystal violet inhibits growth of some Gram-positive bacteria. Lactose fermentation lowers the pH, resulting in colonies that are red or pink in color, and causes the bile salts to precipitate. Non-lactose fermenters that can deaminate amino acids in the peptone release ammonia, which causes the pH to increase (and thus the colonies appear white). MacConkey medium Mac-Conkey agar From MacConkey Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use MacConkey agars are slightly selective and differential plating media mainly used for the detection and isolation of gram-negative organisms from clinical,1-3 dairy,4 food,5-7 water,8 pharmaceutical, 9-11 cosmetic,6,7 and other industrial sources. MacConkey Agar is used for isolating and differentiating lactose-fermenting from lactose-nonfermenting gram-negative enteric bacilli. Principles of the Procedure Peptones are sources of nitrogen and other nutrients. Yeast extract is a source of trace elements, vitamins, amino acids and carbon. Lactose is a fermentable carbohydrate. When lactose is fermented, a local pH drop around the colony causes a color change in the pH indicator (neutral red) and bile precipitation. Bile salts, bile salts no. 3, oxgall and crystal violet are selective agents that inhibit growth of gram-positive organisms. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic balance in the medium. Magnesium sulfate is a source of divalent cations. Agar is the solidifying agent. Formulae Difco™ MacConkey Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin....................................... 17.0 g Peptones (meat and casein).......................................... 3.0 g Lactose...................................................................... 10.0 g Bile Salts No. 3............................................................. 1.5 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 13.5 g Neutral Red.................................................................. 0.03 g Crystal Violet............................................................... 1.0 mg pH 7.1 ± 0.2 Difco™ MacConkey Agar Base Consists of the same ingredients without the lactose. BBL™ MacConkey Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin....................................... 17.0 g Peptones (meat and casein).......................................... 3.0 g Lactose...................................................................... 10.0 g Bile Salts...................................................................... 1.5 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 13.5 g Neutral Red.................................................................. 0.03 g Crystal Violet............................................................... 1.0 mg pH 7.1 ± 0.2 litmus lactose agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains meat peptone, lactose and litmus (a pH indicator). Lactose fermenting bacteria will turn the pH indicator red as the pH decreases; colonies will be surrounded by a red zone. Colonies that turn blue are the result of the deamination of amino acids, resulting when the pH increases. Vandamme P1, Segers P, Ryll M, Hommez J, Vancanneyt M, Coopman R, De Baere R, Van de Peer Y, Kersters K, De Wachter R, Hinz KH. 1998. Pelistega europaea gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium associated with respiratory disease in pigeons: taxonomic structure and phylogenetic allocation. IJSB 48(2):431-440. Carrine Blank From Fluka Analytical: 62628 LL Agar (Litmus Lactose Agar according to Drigalski, Drigalski Litmus Lactose Agar) Selective medium for the differentiation of several bacteria based on lactose fermentation, in the inspection of water, milk, meat and other foodstuffs. Composition: Ingredients Grams/Litre Meat peptone 7.0 Sodium chloride 5.0 Lactose 15.0 Litmus 1.2 Agar 13.0 Final pH 7.4+/-0.2 at 37°C Store prepared media below 8°C, protected from direct light. Store dehydrated powder, in a dry place, in tightly-sealed containers at 2-25°C. Directions: Dissolve 41 g in 1 litre distilled water. Autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Principle and Interpretation: LL Agar was formulated by Drigalski for the differentiation of Iactose fermenting and Iactose nonfermenting bacteria. It is importante for the detection of enteric pathogens in the inspection of water, milk, meat and other foodstuffs. Meat peptone provide nitrogenous nutrients to the organisms. Lactose is fermented by lactose fermenting bacteria with acid production. Litmus is the pH indicator which turns red at acidic pH. Colonies of the Iactose fermenting bacteria are surrounded by a red zone which distinguishes them from colonies of other organisms that either do not change the surrounding medium or make it blue due to production of ammonia. Inoculate culture from primary fermentation tubes (e.g. with Lactose Broth; Fluka 70142) showing gas production either by surface inoculation (using inoculation loop) or by pour plate method of serially diluted culture. Cultural characteristics after 24-72 hours at 35ºC . lecithovitellin agar Carrine Blank Lecithovitellin Solution (Methods in Microbiology, v. 6, pt. 1, Chapter 1, Routine Biochemical Tests, pg 18): ...."which is made by adding 1 egg yolk to 225 mL of saline buffered with 0.1 M borate buffer at pH 7.2-7.4 with 0.005 M CaCl2; 10 g of a filtration aid such as Hyflo Supercel (Johns Manville Co., London) is added and the mixture shaken for 1 h before filtering twice through Whatman No. 1 papers and finally Seitz-filtering with negative pressure." An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium based on nutrient agar, where lecithovitellin (a substance derived from the chemical treatment of chicken egg yolks) is added. Recipe (from Cowan and Steel's Manual for the Identification of Medial Bacteria, 1993, ed. Barrow & Feltham, 3rd ed, pg. 205): Lecithovitellin Agar: Lecithovitellin solution (or egg yolk emulsion) 100 mL Nutrient agar 900 mL Melt the nutrient agar and cool to about 55˚C. Add the lecithovitellin solution aseptically, mix and pour plates. LV agar LBM medium An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing tryptone, yeast extract, in a base of synthetic sea water. Used to cultivate Tenacibaculum sp. Carrine Blank From: Suzuki M, Nakagawa Y, Harayama S, & Yamamoto S. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic study of marine Cytophaga-like bacteria: proposal for Tenacibaculum gen. nov. with Tenacibaculum maritimum comb. nov. and Tenacibaculum ovolyticum comb. nov., and description of Tenacibaculum mesophilum sp. nov. and Tenacibaculum amylolyticum sp. nov.. IJSEM 51:1639-1652. 2.0 g tryptone and 1.0 g yeast extract in 1000 mL Jamarin S synthetic sea water (Jamarin Laboratory) at pH 7.2 LB medium LB broth Luria broth From: LB Broth, Miller (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use LB Agar, Miller and LB Broth, Miller (Luria-Bertani) are used for maintaining and propagating Escherichia coli in molecular microbiology procedures. Principles of the Procedure Peptone provides nitrogen and carbon. Vitamins (including B vitamins) and certain trace elements are provided by yeast extract. Sodium ions for transport and osmotic balance are provided by sodium chloride. Agar is the solidifying agent in LB Agar, Miller. Formulae Difco™ LB Agar, Miller Approximate Formula* Per Liter Tryptone.................................................................... 10.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 5.0 g Sodium Chloride........................................................ 10.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g Difco™ LB Broth, Miller Consists of the same ingredients without the agar. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.0 ± 0.2 An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing tryptone, yeast extract, and sodium chloride. Used to cultivate Escherichia coli. Carrine Blank LB agar From: LB Agar, Miller (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use LB Agar, Miller and LB Broth, Miller (Luria-Bertani) are used for maintaining and propagating Escherichia coli in molecular microbiology procedures. Principles of the Procedure Peptone provides nitrogen and carbon. Vitamins (including B vitamins) and certain trace elements are provided by yeast extract. Sodium ions for transport and osmotic balance are provided by sodium chloride. Agar is the solidifying agent in LB Agar, Miller. Formulae Difco™ LB Agar, Miller Approximate Formula* Per Liter Tryptone.................................................................... 10.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 5.0 g Sodium Chloride........................................................ 10.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g Difco™ LB Broth, Miller Consists of the same ingredients without the agar. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.0 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing tryptone, yeast extract, and sodium chloride. Used to cultivate Escherichia coli. LBA laked blood agar From: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/laked+blood laked blood [lākt] Etymology: Fr, laque, a deep red color blood that is clear, red, and homogenous because of hemolysis of the red blood cells, as may occur in poisoning and severe extensive burns. A solid microbiological culture medium (a blood agar), made with laked blood (where the red blood cells have been treated so that they have undergone haemolysis). Haemolysed blood agar Laked BAP Laked blood agar plates Carrine Blank ISP 2 agar Carrine Blank From: Shirling, E. B. & Gottlieb, D. (1966). Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species. Int J Syst Bacteriol 16, 313–340. Medium 2: Yeast-extract - malt extract agar (Pridham et al., 1956-57) Bacto-Yeast Extract (Difco) 4.0g Bact-Malt Extract (Difco) 10.0 g Bacto-Dextrose (Difco) 4.0 g Distilled water 1.0 liter Adjust to pH 7.3, then add -- Bacto agar 20.0 g Liquefy agar by steaming at 100˚C for 15-20 minutes. Dispense appropriate amount for a slanting into at least 6 tubes for each culture. Sterilize by autoclaving; cool tubes as slants. Use the agar slants for preparation of stock cultures. Also sterilize medium 2 in flasks for pouring the sterilized medium into Petri dishes. ISP medium 2 Yeast extract-malt extract agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium, containing yeast extract, malt extract, and dextrose. Used to culture Streptomyces sp. brain heart infusion agar Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing water infusions of calf brains and beef hearts, proteose peptone, and dextrose (i.e. D-glucose). From: Brain Heart Infusion Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar is a general-purpose medium suitable for the cultivation of a wide variety of organism types, including bacteria, yeasts and molds. With the addition of 5% or 10% sheep blood, it is used for the isolation and cultivation of a wide variety of fungal species, including systemic fungi(1) from clinical and nonclinical sources. Principles of the Procedure BHI Agar derives its nutrients from the brain heart infusion, peptone and dextrose components. The peptones and infusion are sources of organic nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, vitamins and trace substances. Dextrose is a carbohydrate source that microorganisms utilize by fermentative action. The medium is buffered through the use of disodium phosphate. When defibrinated sheep blood is added to the basal medium, it provides essential growth factors for the more fastidious fungal organisms. Formulae Difco™ Brain Heart Infusion Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Calf Brains, Infusion from 200 g................................... 7.7 g Beef Heart, Infusion from 250 g................................... 9.8 g Proteose Peptone....................................................... 10.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Disodium Phosphate.................................................... 2.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 7.4 ± 0.2 BBL™ Brain Heart Infusion Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Brain Heart, Infusion from (solids)................................. 8.0 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue...................................... 5.0 g Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 16.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Disodium Phosphate.................................................... 2.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 13.5 g pH 7.4 ± 0.2 BBL™ Brain Heart Infusion Agar, Modified Approximate Formula* Per Liter Brain Heart, Infusion from (solids)................................. 3.5 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue.................................... 15.0 g Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 10.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Disodium Phosphate.................................................... 2.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.4 ± 0.2 heart infusion agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains (beef) heart infusion and tryptose. Used to grow a wide range of heterotrophic microorganisms. From: Heart Infusion Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Heart Infusion Agar is a general-purpose medium used in the cultivation of a wide range of microorganisms from a variety of clinical and nonclinical specimens. Principles of the Procedure Heart Infusion Agar derives its nutrients from heart muscle infusion and peptone, which supply nitrogenous and carbonaceous compounds, sulfur, vitamins and trace ingredients. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic equilibrium. Agar is the solidifying agent. The addition of 5% sheep blood provides additional growth factors and is used to determine hemolytic reactions. Formula Difco™ Heart Infusion Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Heart, Infusion from 500 g................................. 10.0 g Tryptose..................................................................... 10.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.4 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank heart infusion medium Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium that contains (beef) heart infusion and tryptose. Used to grow a wide range of heterotrophic microorganisms. From: Heart Infusion Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Bacto™ Heart Infusion Broth is used for cultivating fastidious microorganisms. Principles of the Procedure Heart Infusion Agar derives its nutrients from heart muscle infusion and peptone, which supply nitrogenous and carbonaceous compounds, sulfur, vitamins and trace ingredients. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic equilibrium. Agar is the solidifying agent. The addition of 5% sheep blood provides additional growth factors and is used to determine hemolytic reactions. Formula Bacto™ Heart Infusion Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Heart, Infusion from 500 g................................. 10.0 g Tryptose..................................................................... 10.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.4 ± 0.2 brain heart infusion medium brain heart infusion broth From: Brain Heart Infusion Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar is a general-purpose medium suitable for the cultivation of a wide variety of organism types, including bacteria, yeasts and molds. With the addition of 5% or 10% sheep blood, it is used for the isolation and cultivation of a wide variety of fungal species, including systemic fungi(1) from clinical and nonclinical sources. Principles of the Procedure BHI Agar derives its nutrients from the brain heart infusion, peptone and dextrose components. The peptones and infusion are sources of organic nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, vitamins and trace substances. Dextrose is a carbohydrate source that microorganisms utilize by fermentative action. The medium is buffered through the use of disodium phosphate. When defibrinated sheep blood is added to the basal medium, it provides essential growth factors for the more fastidious fungal organisms. Formulae Difco™ Brain Heart Infusion Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Calf Brains, Infusion from 200 g................................... 7.7 g Beef Heart, Infusion from 250 g................................... 9.8 g Proteose Peptone....................................................... 10.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Disodium Phosphate.................................................... 2.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 7.4 ± 0.2 BBL™ Brain Heart Infusion Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Brain Heart, Infusion from (solids)................................. 8.0 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue...................................... 5.0 g Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 16.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Disodium Phosphate.................................................... 2.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 13.5 g pH 7.4 ± 0.2 BBL™ Brain Heart Infusion Agar, Modified Approximate Formula* Per Liter Brain Heart, Infusion from (solids)................................. 3.5 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue.................................... 15.0 g Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 10.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Disodium Phosphate.................................................... 2.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.4 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing water infusions of calf brains and beef hearts, proteose peptone, and dextrose (i.e. D-glucose). Czapek-Dox medium Carrine Blank Czapek-Dox broth From: Czapek-Dox Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Czapek-Dox Broth and Czapek Solution Agar are used for cultivating fungi and bacteria capable of using inorganic nitrogen. Principles of the Procedure Saccharose is the sole carbon source, and sodium nitrate is the sole nitrogen source in Czapek-Dox Broth and Czapek Solution Agar. Dipotassium phosphate is the buffering agent, and potassium chloride contains essential ions. Magnesium sulfate and ferrous sulfate are sources of cations. Agar is the solidifying agent in Czapek Solution Agar. Formulae Difco™ Czapek-Dox Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Saccharose................................................................. 30.0 g Sodium Nitrate............................................................. 3.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 1.0 g Magnesium Sulfate...................................................... 0.5 g Potassium Chloride...................................................... 0.5 g Ferrous Sulfate............................................................. 0.01 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium used for the cultivation of fungi and bacteria that can use saccharose (i.e. sucrose) as a sole carbon source and nitrate as a sole nitrogen source. inorganic chemical mixture Inorganic compounds or mixtures of inorganic compounds added to culture media to support growth or metabolism of a microorganism. Carrine Blank Czapek-Dox agar From: Czapek-Dox Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Czapek-Dox Broth and Czapek Solution Agar are used for cultivating fungi and bacteria capable of using inorganic nitrogen. Principles of the Procedure Saccharose is the sole carbon source, and sodium nitrate is the sole nitrogen source in Czapek-Dox Broth and Czapek Solution Agar. Dipotassium phosphate is the buffering agent, and potassium chloride contains essential ions. Magnesium sulfate and ferrous sulfate are sources of cations. Agar is the solidifying agent in Czapek Solution Agar. Formulae Difco™ Czapek Solution Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Saccharose................................................................. 30.0 g Sodium Nitrate............................................................. 2.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 1.0 g Magnesium Sulfate...................................................... 0.5 g Potassium Chloride...................................................... 0.5 g Ferrous Sulfate............................................................. 0.01 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.3 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium used for the cultivation of fungi and bacteria that can use saccharose (i.e. sucrose) as a sole carbon source and nitrate as a sole nitrogen source. chopped meat carbohydrate medium An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of casein, yeast extract, phosphate buffer, glucose, maltose, cellobiose, starch, hemin and Vitamin K1. Used for the growth of anaerobes such as Clostridia. Chopped meat carbohydrate culture CMC From: Item AS-823, http://www.anaerobesystems.com/Home/pras-tubed-media/chopped-meat-carbohydrate-broth Formula Lean Ground Beef, 500.0 g Sodium Hydroxide (1N), 25.0 ml Pancreatic Digest of Casein, 30.0 g Yeast Extract, 5.0 g Potassium Phosphate, Dibasic, 5.0 g L-Cysteine, 0.5 g Hemin (0.1% Soln), 5.0 ml Vitamin K1 (1% Soln), 0.1 ml Dextrose, 4.0 g Maltose, 1.0 g Cellobiose, 1.0 g Starch, 1.0 g Distilled Water, 1000.0 ml Final pH 7.1 +/- 0.4 at 25 degrees C. Final volume 7.0 mL +/- 0.7. Carrine Blank Chopped meat carbohydrate broth tryptose medium An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing typtose, dextrose (D-glucose), and sodium chloride. Used for the cultivation of Brucella. Carrine Blank From: Tryptose Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Tryptose Broth is used for cultivating Brucella and other fastidious microorganisms. Principles of the Procedure Tryptose peptone is a source of nitrogen and carbon. Dextrose is a source of carbohydrate. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic balance. Agar is the solidifying agent in Tryptose Agar. Formulae Difco™ Tryptose Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Tryptose..................................................................... 20.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g Difco™ Tryptose Broth Consists of the same ingredients without the agar. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.2 ± 0.2 tryptose agar Carrine Blank From: Tryptose Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Tryptose Agar is used for cultivating a wide variety of fastidious microorganisms, particularly for isolating Brucella according to Huddleson and Castañeda. Principles of the Procedure Tryptose peptone is a source of nitrogen and carbon. Dextrose is a source of carbohydrate. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic balance. Agar is the solidifying agent in Tryptose Agar. Formulae Difco™ Tryptose Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Tryptose..................................................................... 20.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.2 ± 0.2 An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing typtose, dextrose (D-glucose), sodium chloride and agar. Used for the cultivation of Brucella. basic fuchsin agar Carrine Blank From Morgan WJB. 1961. The use of the thionin blue sensitivity test in the examination of Brucella. J Gen Microbiol 25:135-139. "Serum glucose agar was used for the proposation of cultures and as basal medium for the addition of dyes. The composition of this medium has been described (Morgan, 1960). Basic fuchsin (supplied by Pharmaceutical Laboratories National Aniline Division, Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation, New York) was added to the melted and cooled medium just before pouring plate to give a concentration of 1/25,000. Thionin (Allied Chemical and Dye Corp.) was used at a concentration of 1/50,000. Initially, three concentrations of thionin blue (British Drug Houses Ltd., London) were used, namely, 1/500,000, 1/1,000,000, 1/2,000,000. Later however only the 1/500,000 concentration was used for routine use. Stock solutions of the dyes were made and steam sterilized. All new batches were checked for activity against known strains. All plates were incubated overnight at 37˚ before use and no plate was used which had been stored for longer than one week in the refrigerator." Huddleson's basic fuchsin medium A tyrosine agar (or liver infusion agar, or glucose agar) supplemented with the pH indicator Basic Fuchsin (aka rosanilin, Basic Fuchsine, Rosaniline Hydrochloride, Magenta). If acid is produced, the basic fuchsin will turn deep red/pink. From Huddleson IF. 1961. Emergence during growth of Brucella strains on dye-agar media of cells that show changes in sulfur metabolism. Bull Wld Hlth Org 24:91-102. "Initial differences in the growth of strains on agar containing thionin and basic fuchsin were determined by lightly inoculating the surface of tryptose agar in Petri plates containing separately 1 mg thionin/100 mL (basic aqueous solution 100 mg/100 mL) and 1 mg basic fuchsin/100 mL (basic ethanol solution 100 mg/100 mL). " pg. 94. thionin agar Tyrosine agar (or liver infusion agar, or glucose agar) with thionin blue stain (akas Thionin, Thionine, Thionine acetate, or Lauth's Violet) added. From: Huddleson IF. 1961. Emergence during growth of Brucella strains on dye-agar media of cells that show changes in sulfur metabolism. Bull Wld Hlth Org 24:91-102. "Initial differences in the growth of strains on agar containing thionin and basic fuchsin were determined by lightly inoculating the surface of tryptose agar in Petri plates containing separately 1 mg thionin/100 mL (basic aqueous solution 100 mg/100 mL) and 1 mg basic fuchsin/100 mL (basic ethanol solution 100 mg/100 mL). " pg. 8. Huddleson's thionin agar Carrine Blank Huddleson's thionin medium HCY medium Carrine Blank From: Zaichikova MV, Berestovskaya YY, Kuznetsov BB, & Vasileva LV. 2013. Spirosoma xylofaga sp. nov., an oligotrophic pleomorphic bacterium from a myco-bacterial community of freshwater ecosystems. Microbiology 82(4):459-465. Pure culture was maintained in liquid HCY medium containing Hutner's basal salt solution (20 mL/L), a vitamin mixture [5], xylose (0.5 g/L) as a substrate, and yeast extract (0.01 g/L). [Ref 5]: Zaichikova, M.V., Berestovskaya, Akimov, V.N., Kizilova, A.K., and Vasileva, L.V., Xantobacter xylophilus sp. nov., a member of the xylotrophic myco-bacterial community of low mineral oligotrophic waters, Microbiology, 2010, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 83-88. From http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/jcm/jcm_grmd?GRMD=631 Hunter's basal salts: Nitrilotriacetic acid 10.0 g MgSO4·7H2O 14.45 g CaCl2·2H2O 4.42 g (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O 9.25 mg FeSO4·7H2O 99.0 mg Nicotinic acid 50.0 mg Thiamine·HCl 25.0 mg Biotin 0.5 mg Metals ''44'' (see Medium No. 149) 50.0 ml Distilled water 950.0 ml Dissolve and neutralized nitrilotriacetic acid in 500.0 ml distilled water with the addition of KOH. Add the remaining chemicals in order listed. Adjust pH to 6.8 and bring volume to 1.0 L with distilled water. From http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/jcm/jcm_grmd?GRMD=149 Metals ''44'': EDTA·2Na 250.0 mg ZnSO4·7H2O 1095.0 mg FeSO4·7H2O 500.0 mg MnSO4·xH2O 154.0 mg CuSO4·5H2O 39.2 mg Co(NO3)2·6H2O 24.8 mg Na2B4O7·10H2O 17.7 mg Distilled water 1.0 L A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing magnesium sulfate and nitrilotriacetic acid. Used to support the growth of Spirosoma and Xanthobacter. HCY agar From http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/jcm/jcm_grmd?GRMD=631 Hunter's basal salts: Nitrilotriacetic acid 10.0 g MgSO4·7H2O 14.45 g CaCl2·2H2O 4.42 g (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O 9.25 mg FeSO4·7H2O 99.0 mg Nicotinic acid 50.0 mg Thiamine·HCl 25.0 mg Biotin 0.5 mg Metals ''44'' (see Medium No. 149) 50.0 ml Distilled water 950.0 ml Dissolve and neutralized nitrilotriacetic acid in 500.0 ml distilled water with the addition of KOH. Add the remaining chemicals in order listed. Adjust pH to 6.8 and bring volume to 1.0 L with distilled water. From http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/jcm/jcm_grmd?GRMD=149 Metals ''44'': EDTA·2Na 250.0 mg ZnSO4·7H2O 1095.0 mg FeSO4·7H2O 500.0 mg MnSO4·xH2O 154.0 mg CuSO4·5H2O 39.2 mg Co(NO3)2·6H2O 24.8 mg Na2B4O7·10H2O 17.7 mg Distilled water 1.0 L Carrine Blank From: Zaichikova MV, Berestovskaya YY, Kuznetsov BB, & Vasileva LV. 2013. Spirosoma xylofaga sp. nov., an oligotrophic pleomorphic bacterium from a myco-bacterial community of freshwater ecosystems. Microbiology 82(4):459-465. Pure culture was maintained in liquid HCY medium containing Hutners basal salt solution (20 mL/L), a vitamin mixture (5), xylose (0.5 g/L) as a substrate, and yeast extract (0.01 g/L). Ref 5: Zaichikova, M.V., Berestovskaya, Akimov, V.N., Kizilova, A.K., and Vasileva, L.V., Xantobacter xylophilus sp. nov., a member of the xylotrophic myco-bacterial community of low mineral oligotrophic waters, Microbiology, 2010, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 83-88. HCY agar medium A mineral-salts, solid microbiological culture medium containing magnesium sulfate and nitrilotriacetic acid. Used to support the growth of Spirosoma and Xanthobacter. Zobell marine medium, half-strength Carrine Blank An organic-rich, mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and yeast extract in a base of artificial sea water. Diluted by half with water. Used for the cultivation of heterotrophic marine or brackish microorganisms. dextrose broth From: Dextrose Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Dextrose Agar is used for cultivating a wide variety of microorganisms with or without added blood. Dextrose Broth is used for cultivating fastidious microorganisms and for detecting gas from enteric bacilli. Principles of the Procedure Beef extract and peptones provide nitrogen, amino acids and vitamins. Dextrose is a carbon source, and the increased concentration is a distinguishing characteristic of this medium from other formulations used as blood agar bases. Agar is the solidifying agent. Supplementation with 5% blood provides additional growth factors for fastidious microorganisms. Formulae Difco™ Dextrose Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 5.0 g Proteose Peptone No. 3................................................ 2.0 g Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin......................................... 3.0 g Beef Extract.................................................................. 3.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 5.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.2 ± 0.2 Glucose broth An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and glucose. Used to culture a variety of microorganisms. Carrine Blank broth is pH 7.2 dextrose agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptones and glucose. Used to culture a variety of microorganisms. Carrine Blank Glucose agar From: Dextrose Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Dextrose Agar is used for cultivating a wide variety of microorganisms with or without added blood. Dextrose Broth is used for cultivating fastidious microorganisms and for detecting gas from enteric bacilli. Principles of the Procedure Beef extract and peptones provide nitrogen, amino acids and vitamins. Dextrose is a carbon source, and the increased concentration is a distinguishing characteristic of this medium from other formulations used as blood agar bases. Agar is the solidifying agent. Supplementation with 5% blood provides additional growth factors for fastidious microorganisms. Formulae Difco™ Dextrose Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 5.0 g Proteose Peptone No. 3................................................ 2.0 g Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin......................................... 3.0 g Beef Extract.................................................................. 3.0 g Dextrose.................................................................... 10.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 pH is 7.3 Flexibacter maritimus medium agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptone, yeast extract, and acetate in a seawater base. Used to culture Flexibacter maritimus. Flexibacter maritimus medium Carrine Blank FMM agar medium From Table 2 in: Pazos F, Santos Y, Macias AR, Nunez S, & Toranzo AE. 1996. Evaluation of media for the successful culture of Flexibacter maritimus. Journal of Fish Diseases 19:196-197. Components (g/L) Peptone 5.0 Yeast extract 0.5 Sodium acetate 0.01 Agar 15 In sea water as the diluent pH 7.2-7.4 FMM agar McClung-Toabe agar egg-yolk agar From: McClung-Toabe Agar (Atlas, The Handbook of Microbiological Media for the Examination of Food, 2nd ed., pgs 221-222) Composition per liter: Proteose peptone 40.0g Agar 25.0g Na2HPO4 5.0 g Glucose 2.0 g NaCl 2.0 g KH2PO4 1.0 g MgSO4x7H2O 0.1 g Egg yolk emulsion, 50% 100.0 mL pH 7.3 +/- 0.2 at 25˚C Source: This medium is available as a pre-mixed powder from BD Diagnostic Systems. Egg Yolk Emulsion, 50%: Composition per 100.0 mL: Chicken egg yolks 11 Whole chicken egg 1 NaCl (0.9% solution) 50.0 mL Preparation of Egg Yolk Emulsion, 50%: Soak eggs with 1:100 dilution of saturated mercuric chloride solution for 1 min. Crack eggs and separate yolks from whites. Mix egg yolks with 1 chicken egg. Measure 50.0 mL of egg yolk emulsion and add to 50.0 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution. Mix thoroughly. Filter sterilize. Warm to 45-50˚C. Preparation of Medium: Add components, except egg yolk emulsion, 50%, to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 900.0 mL. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat while stirring and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure -121˚C. Cool to 50-55˚C. Aseptically add 100.0 mL of sterile egg yolk emulsion, 50%. Mix thoroughly. Pour into sterile Petri dishes in 15.0 mL volumes. Use: For the isolation and cultivation of Clostridium perfringens in foods. An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium contining peptone, mineral-salts, glucose, and egg yolk emulsion. Used for the isolation and growth of Clostridium perfringens. Carrine Blank Eggerth-Gagnon agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptones, phosphate buffer, blood, and glucose. Used for the growth of Bacteroides sp. EG agar Carrine Blank EG blood agar From: Eggerth AH & Gagnon BH. 1932. The bacteroides of human feces. J Bacteriol 35(4):389-413. "Our basic medium was beef infusion agar, containing 1.5 per cent of agar, 1 per cent of Parke Davis peptone, and 0.4 per cent of di-sodium phosphate. The pH was 7.6 to 7.8. Before pouring the plates, about 5 per cent of sterile blood and 0.15 per cent of sterile glucose (in the form of a 10 per cent solution) were added." DNase test agar From: DNase Test Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use DNase Test Agar, DNase Test Agar with Methyl Green and DNase Test Agar with Toluidine Blue are differential media used for the detection of deoxyribonuclease activity to aid in the identification of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Summary and Explanation The DNase test is used to detect the degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The test is useful for differentiating Serratia from Enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Moraxella catarrhalis from Neisseria species. Principles of the Procedure Peptones provide amino acids and other complex nitrogenous substances to support bacterial growth. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic equilibrium. DNA is the substrate for DNase activity. DNase is an extracellular enzyme that breaks the DNA down into subunits composed of nucleotides. The depolymerization of the DNA may be detected by flooding the surface of the medium with 1 N HCl and observing for clear zones in the medium surrounding growth. In the absence of DNase activity, the reagent reacts with the intact nucleic acid, resulting in the formation of a cloudy precipitate. The HCl reagent is not needed to detect DNase activity on DNase Agar with Methyl Green. Methyl green forms a complex with intact (polymerized) DNA to form the green color of the medium. DNase activity depolymerizes the DNA, breaking down the methyl green-DNA complex, which results in the formation of colorless zones around colonies of the test organism. A negative test is indicated by the absence of a colorless zone around the colonies. The HCl reagent is not needed to detect DNase activity on DNase Agar with Toluidine Blue. Toluidine blue forms a complex with intact (polymerized) DNA. In the intact DNA complex, the toluidine blue has the normal blue color. DNase activity depolymerizes the DNA, breaking down the dye-DNA complex. In the presence of nucleotides produced from the DNase depolymerization, the dye takes on its metachromatic color, forming pink to red zones around bacterial growth. A negative test is indicated when the medium remains blue. Formulae Difco™ DNase Test Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Tryptose..................................................................... 20.0 g Deoxyribonucleic Acid.................................................. 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 BBL™ DNase Test Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 15.0 g Papaic Digest of Soybean Meal..................................... 5.0 g Deoxyribonucleic Acid.................................................. 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 DNase agar Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing tryptose and DNA. Used to test for the ability of a microorganism to degrade DNA. deoxycholate lactose agar Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptone, lactose, citrate, deoxycholate, and neutral red. Used for the isolation of microorganisms that grow in milk (or other dairy products). Deoxycholate (a weak anionic detergent and bile acid) is used to lyse cells and solublize some cell membrane components. Inhibits growth of Gram positive bacteria, and therefore selects for Gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella. From: Deoxycholate Lactose Agar (M066, HiMedia) Deoxycholate Lactose Agar is a differential and slightly selective medium used for the isolation and enumeration of coliforms in water, wastewater, milk and dairy products. Composition** Ingredients Gms / Litre Peptone, special 10.000 Lactose 10.000 Sodium chloride 5.000 Sodium citrate 2.000 Sodium deoxycholate 0.500 Neutral red 0.030 Agar 15.000 Final pH ( at 25°C) 7.1±0.2 **Formula adjusted, standardized to suit performance parameters Directions Suspend 42.53 grams in 1000 ml distilled water. Mix well and heat to boiling to dissolve the medium completely. The medium requires no autoclaving if it is to be used at once. If the medium is to be stored, it should be sterilized at 15 lbs pressure (121°C) for 15 minutes. AVOID OVERHEATING. deoxycholate lactose medium DSMZ Carrine Blank DSM strains: From: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Mediumxxxx.pdf xxxx CSY-3 medium CSY-3 From: Sawabe T, Makino H, Tatsumi M, Nakano K, Tajima K, Iqbal MM, Yumoto I, Ezura Y & Christen R. 1998. Pseudoalteromonas bacteriolytica sp. nov., a marine bacterium that is the causative agent of red spot disease of Laminaria japonica. IJSB 48:769-774. "These isolated of Pseudoalteromonas bacteriolytica were maintained on CSY-3 agar medium containing casitone (Difco) 1.0 g, Difco bacto-soytone 1.0 g, Difco yeast extract 1.0 g, ferric ammonium citrate 0.1 g, and 1000 ml natural seawater, pH 7.5 (19). The stock cultures were maintained in CSY-3 broth containing 20 % glycerol (v/v)." Carrine Blank CSY-3 broth An organic-carbon enriched, marine, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptones (casitone, soytone, yeast extract) and ferric ammonium citrate in a seawater base. Used for the cultivation of Pseudoalteromonas. medium containing cellulose or cellulose derivatives Carrine Blank A microbiological culture medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose. Used to screen a culture for cellulolytic activity (the ability to hydrolyze cellulose, particularly those with endoglucanases). chocolate agar http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Chocolate+Agar Blood agar that has been heated to open the pyrrole ring, forming hemin, a required growth factor for bacteria lacking hemolysins. Chocolate agars are usually incubated in a microaerophilic—3–10% CO2—environment, providing ideal growth conditions for H influenzae, Neisseria spp, and fastidious anaerobes Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Chocolate_agar Chocolate agar (CHOC) or chocolate blood agar (CBA) - is a non-selective, enriched growth medium. [1] [2] It is a variant of the blood agar plate, containing red blood cells that have been lysed by slowly heating to 80 °C. Chocolate agar is used for growing fastidious respiratory bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis.[3] In addition, some of these bacteria, most notably H. influenza, need growth factors such NAD (factor V) and hemin (factor X), which are inside red blood cells; thus, a prerequisite to growth for these bacteria is lysis of the red blood cells. The heat also inactivates enzymes which could otherwise degrade NAD. The agar is named for the color and contains no actual chocolate. A solid microbiological culture medium where blood has been been treated by heating in order to lyse the blood cells. cetrimide agar Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains pancreatic digest of gelatin, potassium sulfate, and cetrimide (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide). A medium selective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From: Cetrimide Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Cetrimide (Pseudosel) Agar is used for the selective isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Principles of the Procedure Gelatin peptone supplies the nutrients necessary to support growth. The production of pyocyanin is stimulated by the magnesium chloride and potassium sulfate in the medium. Cetrimide is a quaternary ammonium, cationic detergent compound, which is inhibitory to a wide variety of bacterial species including Pseudomonas species other than P. aeruginosa. Agar is a solidifying agent. Cetrimide Agar Base is supplemented with 1% glycerol as a source of carbon. Formula Difco™ Cetrimide Agar Base Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin....................................... 20.0 g Magnesium Chloride.................................................... 1.4 g Potassium Sulfate....................................................... 10.0 g Cetrimide (Tetradecyltrimethylammonium Bromide)...... 0.3 g Agar.......................................................................... 13.6 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.2 ± 0.2 Directions for Preparation from Dehydrated Product 1. Suspend 45.3 g of the powder in 1 L of purified water containing 10 mL of glycerol. Mix thoroughly. 2. Heat with frequent agitation and boil for 1 minute to completely dissolve the powder. 3. Autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. 4. Test samples of the finished product for performance using stable, typical control cultures. trace elements solution ho-le Carrine Blank A trace elements solution containing boric acid, manganese chloride, ferrous sulfate, sodium tartrate, copper chloride, zinc chloride, cobalt chloride, and sodium molybdate. From: http://www.atcc.org/~/media/DF06C418BB3A44189AD1A3CEB59B8D6E.ashx ATCC Medium: 1776 Tyrosine Agar (ISP Medium 7) Trace Elements Solution Ho-Le: H3BO3 2.85 g MnCl2x4H2O 1.8g FeSO4 1.36 g Sodium tartrate 1.77 g CuCl2x2H2O 26.9 mg ZnCl2 20.8 mg CoCl2x6H2O 40.4 mg Na2MoO4x2H2O 25.2 mg Distilled water 1.0 L Brucella medium From: Brucella Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Brucella Agar is a culture medium for the cultivation of Brucella organisms. With the addition of 5% horse blood, the medium is used in qualitative procedures for the isolation and cultivation of nonfastidious and fastidious microorganisms from a variety of clinical and nonclinical specimens. Brucella Broth is used for the cultivation of Brucella species and for the isolation and cultivation of a wide variety of fastidious and nonfastidious microorganisms. Principles of the Procedure Brucella Agar and Brucella Broth support the growth of fastidious microorganisms due to their content of peptones, dextrose and yeast extract. The peptones supply organic nitrogen. The yeast extract is a potent source of the B-complex vitamins. Dextrose is utilized as an energy source. Sodium bisulfite is a reducing agent, and sodium chloride maintains the osmotic equilibrium. Agar is the solidifying agent in Brucella Agar. Formulae BBL™ Brucella Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 10.0 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue.................................... 10.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Sodium Bisulfite........................................................... 0.1 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g BBL™ Brucella Broth Consists of the same ingredients without the agar. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.0 ± 0.2 BM BM medium An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium, containing pancreatic digest of casein (casitone), peptic digest of animal tissue (proteose peptone), dextrose (D-glucose), yeast extract, sodium chloride, and sodium bisulfite (sodium hydrogensulfite) as a reducing agent. Used for the growth of Brucella. Carrine Blank Brucella agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium, containing pancreatic digest of casein (casitone), peptic digest of animal tissue (proteose peptone), dextrose (D-glucose), yeast extract, sodium chloride, sodium bisulfite (sodium hydrogensulfite) as a reducing agent, and agar. Used for the growth of Brucella. From: Brucella Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Brucella Agar is a culture medium for the cultivation of Brucella organisms. With the addition of 5% horse blood, the medium is used in qualitative procedures for the isolation and cultivation of nonfastidious and fastidious microorganisms from a variety of clinical and nonclinical specimens. Brucella Broth is used for the cultivation of Brucella species and for the isolation and cultivation of a wide variety of fastidious and nonfastidious microorganisms. Principles of the Procedure Brucella Agar and Brucella Broth support the growth of fastidious microorganisms due to their content of peptones, dextrose and yeast extract. The peptones supply organic nitrogen. The yeast extract is a potent source of the B-complex vitamins. Dextrose is utilized as an energy source. Sodium bisulfite is a reducing agent, and sodium chloride maintains the osmotic equilibrium. Agar is the solidifying agent in Brucella Agar. Formulae BBL™ Brucella Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 10.0 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue.................................... 10.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 2.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Sodium Bisulfite........................................................... 0.1 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g BBL™ Brucella Broth Consists of the same ingredients without the agar. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.0 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank BM agar Ayers casein agar Ayers' agar medium Ayer's agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing casein and agar. Used to study microorganisms capable of growth in milk. Ayer's casein agar Carrine Blank From: Ayers, SH. 1911. CASEIN MEDIA ADAPTED TO THE BACTERIAL EXAMINATION OF MILK. in U.S. Department of Agriculture. 28th annual report of the Bureau of Animal Industry. PREPARATION OF CASEIN-AGAR The method of preparation of casein-agar is as follows: PREPARATION OF ONE LITER. Casein solution 300 c.c. distilled water, 10 grams casein (Eimer & Amend C.P. casein prepared according to Hammarstan), 7 c.c. normal sodium hydroxid. After dissolving casein make up to 500 cubic centimeters. Agar solution. 500 c.c. distilled water, 10 grams agar. To 300 c.c. of water (distilled) add 10 grams casein (Eimer & Amend C.P. casein prepared according to Hammarsten) and 7 c.c. normal sodium hydroxid. Dissolve casein by heating to boiling. It is desirable to let this stand for several hours to get a perfect solution. This is not necessary, however. Make up volume to 500 c.c., and bring the reaction of the solution to between +0.1 and +0.2, Fuller's scale. Do not allow solution to become alkaline to phenolphthalein or over +0.2. If the casein is weighed accurately and the normal solution is accurate the reaction will be about +0.2. The agar solution is prepared by dissolving 10 grams of agar in 500 c.c. of water. Both casein and agar solutions should be filtered, then mixed. Tube and sterilize in autoclave under pressure for 20 minutes; then cool the tubes quickly in cold water or ice water. The final reaction of the medium will be about +0.1, Fuller's scale. IF the medium is alkaline the bacterial growth will be restricted. If the medium is more than +0.1 some of the casein may be precipitated during sterilization. The casein-agar should be clear and almost colorless when poured into a Petri dish. Sometimes the casein will be slightly precipitated during sterilization or the cooling, but this is of no consequence, since on pouring into plates the precipitate on account of its finely divided condition, becomes invisible. Anacker and Ordal medium Carrine Blank A dilute, organic-carbon-containing liquid microbiological culture medium containing acetate, tryptone, and extracts of yeast and beef. Used for the cultivation and maintenance of Flexibacter psychrophilus. Anacker and Ordal broth AOB ATCC medium 1750: Anacker and Ordal medium Tryptone (BD 211705).........0.5 g Yeast extract................0.5 g Sodium acetate...............0.2 g Beef extract.................0.2 g Agar........................10.0 g Distilled water..............1.0 L Adjust medium for final pH 7.3 +/- 0.1. Autoclave at 121C for 15 minutes. (For the broth the agar would be omitted). Anacker-Ordal broth Anacker and Ordal agar Carrine Blank AOA Anacker & Ordal's agar A dilute, organic-carbon-containing solid microbiological culture medium containing acetate, tryptone, and extracts of yeast and beef. Used for the cultivation and maintenance of Flexibacter psychrophilus. Anacker-Ordal agar ATCC medium 1750: Anacker and Ordal medium Tryptone (BD 211705).........0.5 g Yeast extract................0.5 g Sodium acetate...............0.2 g Beef extract.................0.2 g Agar........................10.0 g Distilled water..............1.0 L Adjust medium for final pH 7.3 +/- 0.1. Autoclave at 121C for 15 minutes. (For the broth the agar would be omitted). ammonium mineral salts agar Carrine Blank A mineral-salts, solid microbiological culture medium for the growth of freshwater and weakly brackish microorganisms that utilize methanol as a source of carbon. From Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd edition: Composition per liter: Agar, 15.0 g MgSO4*7H2O, 1.0 g K2HPO4, 0.7 g KH2PO4, 0.54 g NH4Cl, 0.5 g CaCl2*2H2O, 0.2 g FeSO4*7H2O,4.0 mg H3BO4, 0.3 mg CoCl2*6H2O, 0.2 mg ZnSO4*7H2O, 0.1 mg Na2MoO4*4H2O, 0.06 mg MnCl2*4H2O, 0.03 mg NiCl2*6H2O, 0.02 mg CuCl2*2H2O, 0.01 mg pH 6.8 +/- 0.2 at 25˚C Preparation of Medium: Add components to distilled/deinionezed water and bring volume to 1.0 L. Mix thoroughly. Gently heat and bring to boiling. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Add sterile methanol to a concentration of 0.5% aseptically to cooled basal medium. Use: for the cultivation and mantenance of bacteria that can utilize methanol as a carbon source, such as Methylobacterium species, Methylomonas species, and Methylophilus species. AMS agar blood agar with washed red cells Agar plates made up with washed red cells A solid microbiological culture medium containing blood, where the red blood cells have been washed with a sterile saline solution. From: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/washed+red+cells Washed Red Cells Transfusion medicine RBCs that have been washed in sterile saline to remove WBCs, lytic mediators, non-self antigens; WRCs are most useful in IgA-deficient Pts who have circulating anti-IgA antibodies, used to ↓ febrile, urticarial and anaphylactic reactions. See Blood filters. Agar made up with washed red cells Carrine Blank Berkefeld filterable cell Wikipedia:Berkefeld_filter A Berkefeld filter[1] is a oil filter made of diatomaceous earth or Kieselguhr. It was invented in Germany in 1891, and by 1922 was being marketed in the United Kingdom by the Berkefeld Filter Co.[2] Berkefeld was the name of owner of the mine in Hanover, Germany, where the ceramic material was obtained. The Berkefeld is a good bacterial water filter used in microbiological laboratories, in homes and out in the field.[3][4] Types The filters are classified according to the diameter of the pores in the ceramic material: V (Viel) - Coarsest pores N (Normal) - Intermediate sized pores W (Wenig) - Finest pores Usefulness The Berkefeld is a cheap, portable and efficient bacterial filter in general, though it does not remove viruses like Hepatitis A and some bacteria such as mycoplasma.[6] Some companies claim that they filter out from between 100% of particles above 0.9 micrometre to 98% of particles above 0.5 micrometre in diameter.[5] These are very durable filters and the filter elements may be cleaned over 100 times before requiring replacement. Some of the first Berkefeld filters were used during the 1892 cholera epidemic in Hamburg.[7] A prokaryotic cell which has a filterable cell size that is small enough to pass through a Berkefeld filter candle with a defined pore size (e.g. V, N, or W), the largest of which is 0.45 microns. Carrine Blank From: Mudd S. 1923. The penetration of bacteria through capillary spaces. I. Motility and Size as Influencing Filterability through Berkefeld Candles. J Bacteriol 8(5):459-481. Table 4 (pg. 471) FILTER CALCULATED DIAMETER AVERAGE DIAMETER FOR FILTER TYPE micron micron V (10) 0.414 V (11) 0.380 V (16) 0.373 0.38 V (17) 0.376 V (18) 0.371 N (X) 0.461 N (XI) 0.437 0.45 W (1) 0.524 W (2) 0.47A W (X) 0.369 0.43 W (XI) 0.343 Berkefeld filter Berkefeld V filterable cell 0.38 0.38 A Berkefeld filterable cell that is small enough to pass through a Berkefeld filter candle with a smaller pore size V (for Viel). Pore sizes average 0.38 microns in diameter. This is the most common filter size used to study the filterability of microorganisms. Berkefeld V Carrine Blank Berkefeld V filter Berkefeld N filterable cell 0.43 0.43 Carrine Blank Berkefeld N A Berkefeld filterable cell that is small enough to pass through a Berkefeld filter candle with an intermediate pore size N (for Normal). Pore sizes average 0.43 microns in diameter. Berkefeld N filter Berkefeld W filterable cell 0.45 0.45 Carrine Blank Berkefeld W filter A Berkefeld filterable cell that is small enough to pass through a Berkefeld filter candle with a wider pore size W (for Wenig). Pore sizes average 0.45 microns in diameter. Berkefeld W bile esculin agar Aesulin-ferric citrate An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of gelatin, beef extract, oxgall, esculin, and ferric iron. Used for the differentiation of enterococci, Streptococcus bovis, and other streptococci, Bile aesculin agar Carrine Blank Esculin ferric citrate From: Bile Esculin Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Bile Esculin Agar is used to differentiate enterococci and the Streptococcus bovis group from other streptococci. Principles of the Procedure Enterococci and certain streptococci hydrolyze the glycoside esculin to esculetin and dextrose. Esculetin reacts with an iron salt to form a dark brown or black complex.6 Ferric citrate is incorporated into the medium as an indicator of esculin hydrolysis and resulting esculetin formation. Oxgall is used to inhibit gram-positive bacteria other than enterococci. Formula BBL™ Bile Esculin Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin......................................... 5.0 g Beef Extract.................................................................. 3.0 g Oxgall........................................................................ 20.0 g Ferric Citrate............................................................... 0.5 g Esculin......................................................................... 1.0 g Agar ......................................................................... 14.0 g pH 6.8 ± 0.2 From: Wikipedia:Bile_esculin_agar Bile Esculin Agar (BEA) is a selective differential agar used to isolate and identify members of the genus Enterococcus, also known as "group D streptococci". Composition and process Bile salts are the selective ingredient, while esculin is the differential component. Enterococcus hydrolyze esculin to products that react with ferric citrate in the medium to produce insoluble iron salts, resulting in the blackening of the medium. Test results must be interpreted in conjunction with gram stain morphology. Uses Bile Esculin Agar is used primarily to differentiate Enterococcus from Streptococcus. Members of the genus Enterococcus are capable of growing in the presence of 4% bile (oxgall) and hydrolyzing esculin to glucose and esculetin. Esculetin combines with ferric ions to produce a black complex. For some purposes, certain bacteria are able to hydrolyze aesculin. A plate containing aesculin will fluoresce a pale blue under UV radiation. Some bacteria can hydrolise this, leading to UV dark colonies, as opposed to UV light ones. When new techniques are produced to identify enterococci, they are often compared to the use of bile esculin agar. casitone casein peptone, tryptic digest Bacto Casitone pancreatic digest of casein casein peptone A pancreatic digest of casein (milk protein from cow's milk, Bos taurus), used for the culturing of microorganisms. Carrine Blank From Bacto™ Casitone (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Bacto™ Casitone is a pancreatic digest of casein. The manufacturing process for an enzymatic digest of casein is not as destructive as an acid hydrolysis. Thus, the casein is not broken down as completely into its constituent components. In many cases this makes for a more nutritious hydrolysate, especially for those organisms that prefer peptides to amino acids. Ash content is 6.4% NaCl content is 0.0% meat infusion agar From: http://himedialabs.com/TD/M883.pdf Meat Infusion Agar (Standard Infusion Agar) M883 (HiMedia Laboratories) Meat Infusion Agar is a nutritive medium used for mass cultivation of organisms for vaccine or toxin production. Composition** Ingredients Gms/Litre Peptic digest of animal tissue 10.000 Beef, infusion from 500.000 Sodium chloride 5.000 Agar 25.000 Final pH (at 25˚C) 7.5 +/- 0.2 ** Formula adjusted, standardized to suit performance parameters. Standard infusion agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptic digest of animal tissue, beef infusion, and sodium chloride. Carrine Blank ox gall Gall (bile stored in the gall bladder) derived from an ox (a castrated adult male bovine; Bos taurus), used for the culturing of microorganisms. From Wikipedia:Ox_gall: Ox gall is gall, usually obtained from cows, that is mixed with alcohol and used as the wetting agent in paper marbling, engraving, lithography, and watercolor painting. It is a greenish-brown liquid mixture containing cholesterol, lecithin, taurocholic acid, and glycocholic acid. Carrine Blank Oxgall ox bile salts Carrine Blank Bile salts derived from the bile of an ox (a castrated adult male bovine; Bos taurus). Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Ox-bile salts ox bile Carrine Blank Bile derived from an ox (a castrated adult bovine; Bos taurus). Used for the culturing of microorganisms. chopped meat meat Undefined mixtures of complex organic compounds derived from the chopped meat (muscle and fat) of mammals, used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank corn oil Oil extracted from the germ (the plant embryo) of corn (Zea mays), used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank homogenized chicken egg yolk Microbiological medium ingredient, derived from chicken egg, where the yolks of chicken eggs have been homogenized (mixed). Carrine Blank Loeffler blood serum medium An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium that contains beef serum, heart infusion, whole egg, and dextrose. Used for the cultivation of Corynebacteria. https://www.bd.com/ds/technicalCenter/inserts/L007463(07)(0107).pdf pH is 7.6 +/- 0.2. Lijffler's blood serum Loeffler's medium Loeffler blood serum Wikipedia:Loeffler's_medium Löffler's medium is a special substance used to grow diphtheria bacilli to confirm the diagnosis. History In 1887, Friedrich Loeffler devised a culture medium containing horse serum, meat infusion, and dextrose for use in the cultivation of corynebacteria and for differentiating them from other organisms.[1] Perry and Petran suggested modification of the original formulation.[2] Buck, in 1949, described a modified Loeffler's medium for cultivating Corynebacterium diphtheriae.[3] Uses This medium has a variety of uses in microbiological investigations. The current formulation incorporated these later modifications: The primary value of Loeffler medium is in the growth and morphological characterization of members of the genus Corynebacterium. This formulation enhances the formation of metachromatic granules within the cells of the organisms. Due to its serum content, Loeffler medium can be used for the determination of proteolytic activities of microorganisms. The gray-white surface of the medium provides an excellent background for the detection and observation of colonial pigmentation. If all extraneous moisture is removed aseptically from the slants and the upper part of the slant is heated until the slant ruptures, this medium can be used for the detection of ascospores. Principles of the procedure Heart muscle and animal tissue peptone provide the amino acids and other complex nitrogenous substances necessary to support growth of corynebacteria. Sodium chloride supplies essential ions. Dextrose is a source of fermentable carbohydrate. The eggs and beef serum cause the medium to coagulate during the sterilization process and are sources of protein which are used for metabolism of the corynebacteria and other organisms. Approximate formula Per liter purified water Beef serum 70.0 g Heart muscle, infusion from (solids) 0.72 g Peptic digest of animal tissue 0.71 g Sodium chloride 0.36 g Dextrose 0.71 g Egg (whole, dried) 7.5 g Carrine Blank anaerobic respiration, by disproportionation of thiosulfate Carrine Blank The process of anaerobic respiration, where thiosulfate is both oxidized to sulfate and reduced to hydrogen sulfide. Gram stain positive Wikipedia: Gram-positive bacteria A gram stain quality where microorganisms stain purple with crystal violet used in the Gram stain. Carrine Blank Gram stain positive Gram reaction positive Gram positive Gram staining positive Gram stain results are positive Gram stain negative Gram stain results are negative Gram negative Wikipedia:Gram-negative bacteria Gram-staining-negative A gram stain quality where microorganisms do not stain purple with Crystal Violet used in the Gram stain, but stain red due to uptake of the counter stain (Safranin or Fuchsin). Fuchsin is also called Magenta. Gram stain negative Carrine Blank Gram reaction negative Gram stain variable Gram reaction variable Gram indeterminate Microorganisms that are not definitively stained Gram positive or Gram negative; may stain variably as either Gram positive or Gram negative. Gram stain results are variable Carrine Blank Gram-staining-variable Gram stain variable Gram staining variable Gram variable magnetotaxis Wikipedia:Magnetotaxis Carrine Blank Movement (taxis) of a microorganism along the Earth's magnetic field lines. methyl red assay methyl red test Wikipedia: IMViC The methyl red test detects production of acids formed during metabolism using mixed acid fermentation pathway using pyruvate as a substrate. The pH indicator Methyl Red is added to one tube and a red color appears at pH's lower than 4.2, indicating a positive test (mixed acid fermentation is used). The solution remaining yellow (pH = 6.2 or above) indicates a negative test, meaning the butanediol fermentation is used. methyl red Carrine Blank Assays for the production of acids (e.g. pyruvate, lactate, acetate, formate) during the fermentation of glucose. The dye methyl red is red below pH 4.4 and yellow above pH 6.2. Acidic fermentation products result in a positive MR test giving a red result. A negative result is yellow. Wikipedia: Mixed acid fermentation Mixed acid fermentation is the biological process by which a six-carbon sugar e.g. glucose is converted into a complex and variable mixture of acids. It is an anaerobic fermentation reaction that is common in bacteria. It is characteristic for members of the Enterobacteriaceae, a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes E. coli.[3] The mixture of end products produced by mixed acid fermentation includes lactate, acetate, succinate, formate, ethanol and the gases H2 and CO2. The formation of these end products depends on the presence of certain key enzymes in the bacterium. The proportion in which they are formed varies between different bacterial species.[4] The mixed acid fermentation pathway differs from other fermentation pathways, which produce fewer end products in fixed amounts. The end products of mixed acid fermentation can have many useful applications in biotechnology and industry. For instance, ethanol is widely used as a biofuel.[5] Therefore, multiple bacterial strains have been metabolically engineered in the laboratory to increase the individual yields of certain end products.[2] This research has been carried out primarily in E. coli and is ongoing. MR test methylene blue assay An assay to determine if methylene blue can act as an artificial donor of electrons to cytochrome oxidase. When methylene blue is reduced it turns from oxidized blue form to the reduced colorless form. Methylene blue inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria, therefore inclusion in agar media is used to select for gram-negative bacteria. Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Methylene_blue http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/2869-eosin-methylene-blue-agar-plates-protocol phenylethyl alcohol agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptones, sodium chloride, and phenylethyl alcohol. Is a selective media that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, and thus is selective for Gram-positive bacteria. From: http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/laboratory-test/3653-phenylethyl-alcohol-agar-protocol Phenylethyl alcohol (bezylcarbinol) inhibits most gram-negative bacteria and fungi. From: Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Phenylethyl Alcohol (PEA) Agar is a selective medium for the isolation of gram-positive organisms, particularly gram-positive cocci, from specimens of mixed gram-positive and gram-negative flora.1 The medium, when supplemented with 5% sheep blood, should not be used for determination of hemolytic reactions since atypical reactions may be observed. Principles of the Procedure Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar and Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar with 5% Sheep Blood support the growth of gram-positive bacterial species, due to the content of peptones, which supply nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and trace nutrients. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic equilibrium. Sheep blood is a source of growth factors. Phenylethyl alcohol is bacteriostatic for gramnegative bacteria since it selectively and reversibly inhibits DNA synthesis.3 Formula BBL™ Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 15.0 g Papaic Digest of Soybean Meal..................................... 5.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g β-Phenylethyl Alcohol................................................... 2.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.3 ± 0.2 PEA Carrine Blank PAA mannitol salt agar From: Mannitol Salt Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Mannitol Salt Agar is used for the selective isolation and enumeration of staphylococci from clinical and nonclinical materials. Principles of the Procedure Mannitol Salt Agar is a nutritive medium due to its content of peptones and beef extract, which supply essential growth factors, such as nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and trace nutrients. The 7.5% concentration of sodium chloride results in the partial or complete inhibition of bacterial organisms other than staphylococci. Mannitol fermentation, as indicated by a change in the phenol red indicator, aids in the differentiation of staphylococcal species. Agar is a solidifying agent. Formula BBL™ Mannitol Salt Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 5.0 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue...................................... 5.0 g Beef Extract.................................................................. 1.0 g Sodium Chloride........................................................ 75.0 g D-Mannitol................................................................ 10.0 g Phenol Red................................................................ 25.0 mg Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.4 ± 0.2 A hypersaline, organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains peptones, 7.5% sodium chloride, D-mannitol, and a pH indicator (phenol red). Mannitol fermentation lowers the pH, causing the red pH indicator to turn yellow. Used to distinguish between strains of Staphylococcus. Carrine Blank MSA methylene blue reduction assay methylene blue reduction Methylene blue acts as an artificial donor of electrons to cytochrome oxidase. When reduced it turns from oxidized blue form to the reduced colorless form. Carrine Blank methylene blue inhibition assay methylene blue inhibition Carrine Blank Methylene blue inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria, therefore inclusion in agar media is used to select for gram-negative bacteria. eosin methylene blue agar Carrine Blank From: Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, Levine (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, Levine is a slightly selective and differential plating medium for the isolation of gram-negative enteric bacteria. EMB Agar, Levine, without Lactose is provided for convenience in genetic studies of enteric bacilli. Principles of the Procedure The eosin Y and methylene blue dyes in Levine EMB Agar render the medium slightly selective in that they inhibit gram-positive bacteria to a limited degree. These dyes also play a role in differentiating between lactose fermenters and lactose nonfermenters due to the presence or absence of dye uptake in the bacterial colonies. Coliforms, as lactose-fermenting organisms, are visualized as blue-black colonies, whereas colonies of Salmonella and Shigella, as lactose nonfermenters, appear colorless, transparent or amber. Some gram-positive bacteria, such as fecal streptococci, staphylococci and yeasts, will grow on this medium and usually form pinpoint colonies. A number of nonpathogenic, lactose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria will grow on this medium and must be distinguished from the pathogenic strains by additional biochemical tests. Formulae BBL™ Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, Levine Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin....................................... 10.0 g Lactose...................................................................... 10.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 2.0 g Eosin Y........................................................................ 0.4 g Methylene Blue.......................................................... 65.0 mg Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g BBL™ EMB Agar, Levine, without Lactose Consists of the same ingredients without the lactose. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.1 ± 0.2 EMB agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of gelatin, lactose, and dyes (Eosin Y and Methylene Blue) as selective agents. The dyes slightly inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. They are also used to differentiate lactose fermenters from those that do not ferment lactose based on the uptake of dye (lactose fermenters take up dye and appear blue-black). IMViC test Carrine Blank Wikipedia:IMViC A group of diagnostic metabolic tests used to differentiate coliform microorganisms. Includes indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, and citrate test. Voges-Proskauer assay Wikipedia:Voges–Proskauer_test v-p VP acetylmethylcarbinol VP acetoin Carrine Blank Voges-Proskauer An assay used to test for the production of acetoin by a microorganism as a product of glucose metabolism. Voges-Proskauer broth (containing alpha-naphthol and KOH) is inoculated with the test strain. A red color indicates a positive result for acetoin; absence of acetoin yields a yellow-brown color and indicates a negative result. acetoin production Voges-Proskauer test citrate fermentation/oxidation assay citrate utilization test Simmons citrate test citrate test Carrine Blank Simmons' citrate test Uses Simmons' citrate agar containing citrate. Microorganisms able to metabolize citrate change the pH of the medium through the production of sodium bicarbonate and ammonia, resulting in an alkaline pH (resulting in a change in the pH indicator, bromthymol blue). A positive reaction (alkaline pH) results in a blue (or blue-green) color; a negative reaction (neutral pH) results in a green (or pale green/yellow) color. CIT Wikipedia:Citrate_test citrate utilization MR-VP medium Methyl-red Voges-Proskauer broth An organic-rich, liquid medium that contains peptones, glucose, and a phosphate pH buffer. After growth, the Methyl Red test is performed by adding methyl red and looking for a color change. If glucose is fermented to acid sufficient to overcome the pH buffer, a red color will result. After growth, the Voges-Proskauer test is performed by adding KOH and alpha-naphthol to the culture. If acetoin was produced from glucose fermentation, a red color will result. Voges-Proskaeur Broth From: MR-VP Medium (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use MR-VP Medium and MR-VP Broth (Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer Medium/Broth, also known as Buffered Peptone- Glucose Broth) are used for the differentiation of bacteria by means of the methyl red and Voges-Proskauer reactions. Principles of the Procedure Methyl red-positive organisms produce high levels of acid during fermentation of dextrose, overcome the phosphate buffer system and produce a red color upon the addition of the methyl red pH indicator. In the Voges-Proskauer test, the red color produced by the addition of potassium hydroxide to cultures of certain microbial species is due to the ability of the organisms to produce a neutral end product, acetoin (acetylmethylcarbinol), from the fermentation of dextrose.3 The acetoin is oxidized in the presence of oxygen and alkali to produce a red color.3 This is a positive Voges-Proskauer reaction. Formulae Difco™ MR-VP Medium Approximate Formula* Per Liter Buffered Peptone......................................................... 7.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 5.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 5.0 g pH 6.9 ± 0.2 BBL™ MR-VP Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 3.5 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue...................................... 3.5 g Potassium Phosphate................................................... 5.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 5.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.9 ± 0.2 Methyl-red Voges-Proskauer medium Carrine Blank Simmons citrate agar Simmons' medium A mineral-salts, solid microbiological culture medium containing phosphate buffer, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, magnesium sulfate, and a pH indicator (bromthymol blue). Used to test for the metabolism of citrate. Carrine Blank Simmons' citrate medium From: Simmons Citrate Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Simmons Citrate Agar is used for the differentiation of gramnegative bacteria on the basis of citrate utilization. Principles of the Procedure Organisms able to utilize ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium citrate as the sole sources of nitrogen and carbon, respectively, will grow on this medium and produce an alkaline reaction as evidenced by a change in the color of the bromthymol blue indicator from green (neutral) to blue (alkaline). Formula BBL™ Simmons Citrate Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate.............................. 1.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 1.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Sodium Citrate............................................................. 2.0 g Magnesium Sulfate...................................................... 0.2 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g Bromthymol Blue......................................................... 0.08 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.9 ± 0.2 Simmons medium freshwater microbiological culture medium Carrine Blank A microbiological culture medium that has a salinity of less than 0.05 % salts. sulfide indole motility agar motility medium An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptones, ferrous iron, and thiosulfate. Used to test for the production of sulfide and indole, and motility in a microorganism. SIM tube sulfide indole motility medium Carrine Blank SIM medium From: http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/2-associated-figure-resource/3645-sim-medium Sulfide Indole Motility Medium Sulfide indole motility (SIM) medium is a semisolid agar used to determine hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production, indole formation, and motility. SIM medium is used to differentiate members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Haziness that spreads from the stab line indicates a positive test for motility. Tubes must be compared to an uninoculated tube to discriminate between faint haziness and motility. A red color development after addition of Kovács reagent indicates indole production. A black precipitate indicates H2S production. Test tubes: (A) uninoculated tube, (B) contains the nonmotile and indole-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, (C) contains the motile and indole-positive bacterium Escherichia coli, and (D) contains the motile, indole-negative, and H2S-producing bacterium Proteus mirabilis. (Renee Wilkins, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS) From: SIM Medium (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use SIM Medium is used to differentiate enteric bacilli on the basis of sulfide production, indole formation and motility. Principles of the Procedure The ingredients in SIM Medium enable the determination of three activities by which enteric bacteria can be differentiated. Sodium thiosulfate and ferrous ammonium sulfate are indicators of hydrogen sulfide production. The ferrous ammonium sulfate reacts with H2S gas to produce ferrous sulfide, a black precipitate.1 The casein peptone is rich in tryptophan, which is attacked by certain microorganisms resulting in the production of indole. The indole is detected by the addition of chemical reagents following the incubation period. Motility detection is possible due to the semisolid nature of the medium. Growth radiating out from the central stab line indicates that the test organism is motile. Formula BBL™ SIM Medium Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 20.0 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue...................................... 6.1 g Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate.......................................... 0.2 g Sodium Thiosulfate...................................................... 0.2 g Agar............................................................................ 3.5 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.3 ± 0.2 sulfide indole mobility assay SIM test mobility agar An assay to determine hydrogen sulfide production, indole production, and motility of a microorganism. For the assay, an inoculum is made into sulfide indole motility (SIM) medium, an agar medium allowing three simultaneous assays to be performed: 1) hydrogen sulfide production due to cyteine desulfurase (indicated by a black precipitate) - the hydrogen sulfide test 2) indole production due to tryptophanase (indicated by red color development due to Kovacs reagent in the indole test) - the indole test 3) motility (spread of microbial cells away from the inoculum) Carrine Blank filament branch shape Carrine Blank Filament branch quality defining the shape of the filament branch. branch diameter thickness relative to main filament Filament branch length defining the filament branch thickness relative to that of the main filament. Carrine Blank branches thicker than main filament Carrine Blank Filament branch size where the diameter of cylindrical cells in the filament branches are thinner than the diameter of cylindrical cells in the main trichome. spatially differentiated branches Filament branch physical object quality relating to the spatial pattern (symmetry and position) of branches in relation with each other and with the long axis of the main filament, imparting some symmetry or asymmetry to the filament. Carrine Blank angled branches Carrine Blank Filament branch spatial pattern defining the angle between a filament (i.e., the main trichome) and a filament branch. branch subperpendicular to trichome Filament branch angle, where the angle between the cylindrical cells of the branching filament and the cylindrical cells of the main trichome is subperpendicular (forming an obtuse angle). Carrine Blank branch subparallel to trichome Carrine Blank Filament branch angle, where the angle between the cylindrical cells of the branching filament and the cylindrical cells of the main trichome is subparallel (forming an acute angle). urea medium From: Urea Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Urea Agar and Urease Test Broth are used for the differentiation of organisms, especially the Enterobacteriaceae, on the basis of urease production. Principles of the Procedure The urea medium of Rustigian and Stuart3 is particularly suited for the differentiation of Proteus species from other gramnegative enteric bacilli capable of utilizing urea;1 the latter are unable to do so in Urease Test Broth because of limited nutrients and the high buffering capacity of the medium. To provide a medium with greater utility, Urea Agar was devised by Christensen1 with peptone and dextrose included and reduced buffer content to promote more rapid growth of many of the Enterobacteriaceae and permit a reduction in incubation time. The complete Urea Agar contains 15.0 g/L of agar in addition to the ingredients in the base medium. When organisms utilize urea, ammonia is formed during incubation which makes the reaction of these media alkaline, producing a red-pink color. Consequently, urease production may be detected by the change in the phenol red indicator. Formulae Difco™ Urea Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Yeast Extract................................................................ 0.1 g Monopotassium Phosphate.......................................... 9.1 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 9.5 g Urea........................................................................... 20.0 g Phenol Red.................................................................. 0.01 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.8 ± 0.1 Carrine Blank Stuart's urea broth An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of gelatin, dextrose (D-glucose), sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, and a pH indicator (phenol red). urea broth urea agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of gelatin, dextrose (D-glucose), sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, a pH indicator (phenol red) and agar. Christensen's urea agar Carrine Blank From: Urea Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Urea Agar and Urease Test Broth are used for the differentiation of organisms, especially the Enterobacteriaceae, on the basis of urease production. Principles of the Procedure The urea medium of Rustigian and Stuart3 is particularly suited for the differentiation of Proteus species from other gramnegative enteric bacilli capable of utilizing urea;1 the latter are unable to do so in Urease Test Broth because of limited nutrients and the high buffering capacity of the medium. To provide a medium with greater utility, Urea Agar was devised by Christensen1 with peptone and dextrose included and reduced buffer content to promote more rapid growth of many of the Enterobacteriaceae and permit a reduction in incubation time. The complete Urea Agar contains 15.0 g/L of agar in addition to the ingredients in the base medium. When organisms utilize urea, ammonia is formed during incubation which makes the reaction of these media alkaline, producing a red-pink color. Consequently, urease production may be detected by the change in the phenol red indicator. Formulae BBL™ Urea Agar Base Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin......................................... 1.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Potassium Phosphate................................................... 2.0 g Urea........................................................................... 20.0 g Phenol Red................................................................ 12.0 mg pH 6.8 ± 0.1 oxidase assay cytochrome c oxidase OX Carrine Blank Assay for the presence of cytochrome oxidase (aka indophenol oxidase) in a microbiological culture. Uses a colorometric dye (tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine) as an electron donor for cytochrome c. When reduced the dye is colorless, when oxidized by cytochrome oxidase it becomes dark blue/purple. There are many variations of the test. It can be done on treated filter paper, on plates, or in a test tube using a fresh culture grown in broth. cytochrome c oxidase test http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/laboratory-test/3229-oxidase-test-protocol cytochrome oxidase Kovacs oxidase Kovac's oxidase kovacs oxidase test oxidase indophenol oxidase nitrate reduction assay NO3a Test for the presence of nitrate reductase in a microbial culture. Nitrite reacts with sulfanilic acid under acidic conditions (5N acetic acid) to produce (colorless) diazotized sulfanilic acid. This sulfanilic acid is then reacted to (colorless) alpha-naphthylamine (or N,N-dimethyl-alpha-naphthylamine) producing a red water soluble azo dye (p-sulfobenzene-azo alpha-naphthylamine). Presence of nitrite then results in a pink/red color (a positive test result). Zinc dust can be used to chemically (abiotically) reduce any nitrate remaining in the test to nitrite (to test for the presence of unreduced nitrate in the medium). If nitrate has been completely reduced to nitrogen or ammonia, zinc dust will result in no color development. This is a postive test result. However, if nitrate was not reduced and remains in the media, zinc will reduce it to nitrite resulting in a red color. This is a negative test result. NO3 Carrine Blank nitrate assimilation nitrate reduction NIT catalase assay CAT http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/laboratory-test/3226-catalase-test-protocol Carrine Blank catalase An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of catalase in a microorganism. The catalase reaction converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen: 2H2O2 -> 2 H2O + O2 For the catalase test a drop of 3% or 15% hydrogen peroxide is in contact with cells and the appearance of oxygen bubbles indicates a positive test result. No bubbles indicates a negative test result. There are several variants of the test: on a slide (where cells are smeared onto the glass), in a test tube where cells are placed into a hydrogen peroxide solution), an agar slant, or a colony on a plate. caseinase hydrolysis assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of an organism to break down the protein casein. Usually tested by incorporating casein into agar. A positive test will result in clearing of the agar due to degradation of the opaque casein. Commonly uses Milk Agar or Casein Agar. has component some casein casein hydrolysis digitonin inhibition assay Wikipedia:Digitonin Carrine Blank A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability to grow in the presence of digitonin, a glycoside compound that solubilizes lipids and cell membranes. gelatinase assay liquifies gelatin Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Gelatinase gelatin hydrolysis gelatinase GEL An assay for the presence of gelatinase in a microorganism. Gelatinase is a proteolytic enzyme that breaks down gelatin (a partially hydrolyzed form of collagen derived from animal tissue that is comprised of peptides and proteins) via a hydrolysis reaction. Gelatin hydrolysis (a positive reaction) is found when the liquefaction of a gelatin-containing substrate is observed. phosphatase assay p-nitrophenyl phosphate p-nitrophenyl-phosphate indoxylphosphate An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of phosphatases in a microorganism, using various chromogenic substrates. nitrophenylphosphate PO4 indoxyl phosphatase PHOS Carrine Blank phosphatase PHS resazurin reduction assay An assay for the ability of a microorganism to reduce resazurin. Resazurin is a dye in which under oxidizing conditions it is blue, however when reduced becomes pink (it is also strongly fluorescent). It functions as a redox indicator, and in viability tests. resazurin reduction resazurin RES Carrine Blank tellurite reduction assay In the tellurite reduction test, tellurite is reduced to metallic tellurium, which is dark grey. Some microorganisms are resistant to tellurite, and thus tellurite reduction in those organisms is an assay of redox (respiratory) metabolism. The extent of tellurite reduction is also a measure of the extent of respiratory metabolism. Tellurite added to plates, when reduced, generates colonies that are dark grey in color. Tellurite is toxic, and so may be inhibitory at concentrations ranging from 40-120 mg/L. Nagai S. 1965. Differential reduction of tellurite by growing colonies of normal yeast and respiration-deficient mutans. J Bact 90(1):220-222. Carrine Blank API 32 Staph API® 32 Staph; Identification system for staphylococci ; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank suite of microbiological diagnostic tests A set of assays that are sold as diagnostic/identification kits that are purchased that can identify commonly isolated microorganisms. Carrine Blank API microbial identification test kit Wikipedia:Analytical_profile_index Test kits old by bioMerieux, Inc. (www.biomerieux.com/en) Carrine Blank API = analytical profile index, a system for the identification of microorganisms. API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. API ZYM Humble MW, King A, Phillips I. 1977. API ZYM: a simple rapid system for the detection of bacterial enzymes. J. Clin. Path. 30:275-277. API ZYM® – Semiquantification of enzymatic activities; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; System for the research of enzymatic activity API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank API 20E Carrine Blank API® 20E – 18-24 hour identification of Enterobacteriacae and other non-fastidious gram negative bacteria; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com API, and API 20E, are a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. API 50CH Carrine Blank API® 50 CH – Performance of carbohydrate metabolism tests; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. API Rapid ID-32A Carrine Blank API® Rapid ID 32 A – 4-hour identification of anaerobes; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; Identification system for anaerobes API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. API 20A API 20A® – 24-hour identification of anaerobes; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; System for the identification of anaerobes API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank API ID-32GN API® ID 32 GN; Automatic identification system for Gram-negative rods; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank API 20NE Carrine Blank API 20NE® – 24 to 48-hour identification of Gram negative non-Enterobacteriaceae; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase assay with naphthol N-acetyl-b-glucosaminidase N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase 1-naphthyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide Carrine Blank N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase 1-naphthyl-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase bNAG An assay for the activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 1-naphthyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide at pH 5.4. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity (catalyzing the hydrolysis of terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues from oligosaccharides) will cleave the substrate, producing 1-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (an azo dye) that is brown in color. zzzz naphthol is not napthyl beta-mannosidase assay using BrNaphthol Carrine Blank 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-a-D-mannopyranoside A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of beta-mannosidase in a microorganism using the substrate 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside at pH 5.4. beta-Mannosidase activity (catalyzing the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides) will cleave the substrate, producing 6-bromo-2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (a bromo substituted azo dye) that is purple in color. 6-Br-2-naphthyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-Br-2-naphthyl-a-D-mannopyranoside 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside Wikipedia:Beta-mannosidase beta-glucosidase assay with BrNapthol 6-Br-2-naphthyl-b-D-glucopyranoside Carrine Blank 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside An assay for the activity of beta-glucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside at pH 5.4. beta-Glucosidase activity will cleave the substrate, producing 6-bromo-2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (a bromo subsituted azo dye) that is purple in color. 6-Br-2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-b-D-glucopyranoside beta-glucosidase assay with naphthol Carrine Blank 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside An assay for the activity of beta-glucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside at pH 5.4. beta-Glucosidase activity will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (an azo dye) that is purple in color. 2-naphthyl-b-D-glucopyranoside beta-glucuronidase assay with naphthol AS-BI An assay for the activity of beta-glucuronidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-naphthol AS bis-beta-D-glucuronide (naphthol AS-BI beta-D-glucuronide, O-beta-D-glucuronosyl-naphtol AS-BI, naphthol ASBI-glucuronic acid) at pH 5.4. beta-Glucuronidase will cleave the substrate, producing 6-bromo-2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (a bromo subsituted azo dye) that is blue in color. A positive test yields a blue color; a negative test is colorless, pale gray, or pale beige. Carrine Blank naphthol-AS-B1-b-D-glucuronic acid naphthol-AS-BI-b-D-glucuronide naphthol-AS-BI-beta-D-glucuronide bGUR naphthol-AS-B1-beta-D-glucuronic acid beta-galactosidase assay with naphthol 2-naphthyl-b-D-galactopyranoside Carrine Blank 2-naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside An assay for the activity of beta-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside at pH 5.4. beta-Galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (an azo dye) that is purple in color. bGAL beta-galactosidase assay with BrNaphthol 6-Br-2-naphthyl-b-D-galactopyranoside 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside BNGAL 6-Br-2-naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside Carrine Blank An assay for the activity of beta-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside at pH 5.4. beta-Galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 6-bromo-2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (a bromo subsituted azo dye) that is purple in color. 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-b-D-galactopyranoside phosphoamidase assay phosphohydrolase naphthol phosphohydrolase napthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase naphthol-phosphohydrolase naphthol-AS-BI-phosphodiamide naphthol-AS-BI-phosphate naphthol-AS-BIphosphohydrolase naphthol-AS-BI-phosphoamidase phosphoamidase naphthol-AS-B1-phosphodiamide naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase Uses the substrate naphthol AS BI-phosphate (aka naphthol AS bis-phosphodiamide, or 7-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic-o-anisidide phosphate) at pH 5.4. Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase will cleave the substrate, producing 7-bromo-2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (a bromo subsituted azo dye) that is blue in color. A phosphoamidase enzyme is a hydrolase enzyme that acts on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds, releasing phosphate. For example: N-phosphocreatine + H2O <=> creatine + phosphate naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase Wikipedia:Phosphoamidase Carrine Blank acid phosphatase assay with naphthol 2-naphthyl-phosphate 2-naphthyl phosphate 2-naphthyl phosphate at pH 5.4 Carrine Blank Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl phosphate at pH 5.4. Acid phosphatase will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is purple in color. chymotrypsin assay An assay for the presence of chymotrypsin in a microorganism. When the chemical substrate of chymotrypsin is cleaved by the enzyme, a colored produce is released which is then measured using spectrophotometry. Wikipedia:Chymotrypsin a-chymotrypsin chymotrypsin Carrine Blank trypsin assay Carrine Blank trypsin Wikipedia:trypsin An assay for the presence of trypsin in a microorganism. When the chemical substrate of trypsin is cleaved by the enzyme, a colored produce is released which is then measured using spectrophotometry. L-cystine arylamidase assay Carrine Blank zzzz di-napthylamide is not napthylamide cystine aminopeptidase L-cystyl-2-naphthylamide L-cystine-2-naphthylamide L-cystyl-b-naphthylamide L-cystine-beta-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-cystine-di-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Cystine arylamidase activity (which could be from cystine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. The presence of thiols converts this compound to L-cysteine-2-naphthylamide. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-cystine-b-naphthylamide cystine arylamidase L-cystyl-beta-naphthylamide L-valine arylamidase assay Carrine Blank valine aminopeptidase L-Valine AMC L-valine-2-naphthylamide L-valyl-b-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-valyl-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Valine arylamidase activity (which could be from valine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-valyl-2-naphthylamide valine arylamidase L-Valine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin L-valyl-beta-naphthylamide L-leucine arylamidase assay L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-leucyl-2-naphthylamide (L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Leucine arylamidase activity (which could be from leucine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. leucine aminopeptidase leucine arylamidase Carrine Blank LeuA L-leucyl-b-naphthylamide lAP L-leucyl-2-naphthylamide LEU L-leucine-2-naphthylamide lipase C14 assay Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl myristate at pH 7.1. Esterases that can hydrolyze C14 compounds will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is purple in color. lipase C14 Wikipedia:Lipase 2-naphthyl myristate 2-naphthyl myristic acid Carrine Blank lipase C8 assay esterase lipase (C8) 2-naphthyl caprite ester lipase (C8) 2-naphthyl caprylate ester lipase C8 Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl caprylate at pH 7.1. Esterases that can hydrolyze C8 compounds will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is purple in color. lipase C8 Wikipedia:Lipase 2-naphthyl capric acid Carrine Blank esterase lipase alkaline phosphatase assay with naphthol Carrine Blank 2-naphthyl phosphate 2-naphthyl-phosphate Alkaline phosphatase assay that uses the substrate 2-naphthyl phosphate at pH 8.5. Alkaline phosphatase will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is purple in color. PAL esterase C4 assay esterase (C4) Test for C4 esterase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl butyrate at pH 7.1. Esterases that can hydrolyze C4 compounds will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is purple in color. esterase C4 Carrine Blank 2-naphthyl butyrate Wikipedia:Esterase beta-L-fucosidase assay with naphthol Carrine Blank 2-naphthyl-beta-L-fucoside 2-naphthyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside 2-naphthyl-b-L-fucopyranoside 2-naphthyl-b-L-fucoside An assay for the activity of beta-L-fucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl-beta-L-fucoside at pH 5.4. beta-Fusosidase activity (catalyzing the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-L-fucose residues in beta-fucosides) will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (an azo dye) that is purple in color. alanyl phenylalanyl proline arylamidase assay APPA Carrine Blank L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-proline-beta-naphthylamide alanyl phenylalanyl proline aminopeptidase An assay for alanyl phenylalanyl proline arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-proline-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Alanyl phenylalanyl proline arylamidase activity (which could be from alanyl phenylalanyl proline aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-proline-2-naphthylamide alanyl phenylalanyl proline arylamidase L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-proline-b-naphthylamide Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase beta-galactosidase assay with ONPG o-nitrophenol-b-D-galactopyranoside o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside o-NP-beta-D-galactopyranoside Carrine Blank o-NP-b-D-galactopyranoside ONPG PNPG o-nitrophenyl-b-galactoside o-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside o-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactoside ONP-beta-D-galactopyranoside 2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside 2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside 2-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactoside ONP-b-D-galactopyranoside An assay for the activity of beta-galactosidase in a microorganism. This assay measures beta-galactosidase activity using the colorless substrate ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside). beta-Galactosidase cleaves the substrate producing galactose and ortho-nitrophenol (yellow). A positive test yields a yellow color; a negative test is colorless. This test requires an additional inducer of transcription of the lac operon (such as IPTG; isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside). Wikipedia:ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside 2-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside bGAL arginine dihydrolase assay decarboxylation of the amino acid arginine by arginine dihydrolase arginine deiminase The purpose of this assay is to determine if a microbial isolate is capable of metabolizing arginine under anaerobic conditions. When arginine is metabolized, the pH of the medium increases due to the accumulation of ammonia and organic amines (e.g. putrescine). This turns color of the pH indicator (e.g. bromcresol purple, cresol red) to red/orange. A positive test yields a red/orange color; a negative test is yellow. Arginine dihydrolase (arginine deiminase) catalyzes the reaction: L-arginine + H2O <=> L-citrulline + NH3 Wikipedia:Arginine_deiminase Carrine Blank arginine dihydrolase ADH2s arginine dehydrolase arginine dihydroxylase ARG ADH arginine hydrolysis lysine decarboxylase assay lysine dihydrolase As assay to determine if a microbial isolate is capable of metabolizing lysine under anaerobic conditions. When lysine is metabolized, the pH of the medium increases due to the accumulation of ammonia and organic amines (e.g. cadaverine). This turns color of the pH indicator (e.g. bromcresol purple, cresol red) to red/orange. A positive test yields a red/orange color; a negative test is yellow. Lysine decarboxylase catalyzes the following reaction: L-lysine <=> cadaverine + CO2 Wikipedia:Lysine_decarboxylase LDC "Lysine dihydrolase" test results found in a small number of prokaryotic taxonomic descriptions is likely an error - it is more likely to be "lysine decarboxylase" test results. Carrine Blank lysine decarboxylase decarboxylation of the amino acid lysine by lysine decarboxylase (sic) ornithine decarboxylase assay ORN Carrine Blank L-orgnithine decarboxylase decarboxylations of the amino acid ornithine by ornithine decarboxylase (sic) ODC Wikipedia:Ornithine_decarboxylase ornithine carboxy-lyase The purpose of this test is to determine if a microbial isolate is capable of metabolizing ornithine under anaerobic conditions. When ornithine is metabolized, the pH of the medium increases due to the accumulation of ammonia and organic amines (e.g. putrescine). This turns color of the pH indicator (e.g. bromcresol purple, cresol red) to red/orange. A positive test yields a red/orange color; a negative test is yellow. Ornithine decarboxylase catalyzes the reaction: L-ornithine <=> putrescine + CO2 ornithine decarboxylase tryptophan deaminase assay L-tryptophan transaminase tryptophane deaminase tryptophan aminotransferase tryptophan deaminase Carrine Blank The purpose of this assay is to determine if a microbial isolate is capable of metabolizing tryptophan under anaerobic conditions, via the enzyme L-tryptophan aminotransferase (L-tryptophan transaminase). Tryptophan is deamined to form indolepyruvic acid (indole-3-pyruvate, an alpha keto acid) and ammonia. When FeCl3 (ferric chloride) is added, it reacts with the indolepyruvic acid with the presence of hydrazine compounds in the culture media to produce a brown/red precipitate. A positive test yields a brown/red color; a negative test is yellow. L-tryptophan aminotransferase catalyzes the following reaction: L-tryptophan + 2-oxoglutarate <-> indole-3-pyruvate + L-glutamate TDA gelatinase assay using charcoal beads gelatinase GEL API commercial test for the presence of gelatinase in a microorganism. Charcoal is added to gelatin beads. If gelatinase is present, the gelatin will be liquified and the charcoal released in to the solution. A positive result shows diffusion of black pigment (charcoal); a negative result shows no diffusion of charcoal, with intact gelatin beads. Carrine Blank liquifies gelatin organic molecular entity fermentation/oxidation assay Organic carbon metabolism assay where an organic molecular entity is tested to determine if it can be fermented or oxidized by a microorganism. The bottom of the reaction chamber becomes anaerobic where fermentation can occur, whereas the top of the chamber is in contact with oxygen and therefore is aerobic. Fermentation of a neutral carbohydrate substrate results in acidic condition, or a yellow color. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is blue or blue-green. --------------------------------------- Metabolism of an organic acid results in a transition from acidic to neutral pH. A positive result is green to blue; a negative result is yellow. Carrine Blank requires particular salts for growth Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium ions are required to be present in order for growth of a particular microorganism to occur. Carrine Blank D-glucose fermentation/oxidation assay GLU Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize D-glucose. D-mannitol fermentation/oxidation assay Carrine Blank MAN Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize D-mannitol. inositol fermentation/oxidation assay INO Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize inositol. Carrine Blank D-glucitol fermentation/oxidation assay SOR Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize D-sorbitol (D-glucitol). L-rhamnose fermentation/oxidation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize L-rhamnose. RHA sucrose fermentation/oxidation assay Carrine Blank SAC Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize sucrose. beta-melibiose fermentation/oxidation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize D-melibiose (beta-melibiose). MEL amygdalin fermentation/oxidation assay AMY Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize amygdalin. Carrine Blank L-arabinose fermentation/oxidation assay ARA Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment or oxidize L-arabinose. triphenyl tetrazolium reduction assay TTZ TTC tetrazolium reduction A test using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, tetrazolium chloride, TTC) is a redox indicator used to quantify respiration. Actively respiring cells will reduce TTC (clear/white) to insoluble TPF (1,3,5-triphenylformazan) which is a red color. A positive test result is pink red (or results in a deposit in the base of the cupule); a negative test result is colorless to pale pink. tetrazolium chloride Carrine Blank aerobic triphenyl tetrazolium reduction assay Assays the ability of a microorganism to reduce triphenyl tetrazolium chloride under aerobic conditions (using aerobic respiration). The color change (production of the red reduced product will occur near the top of the cupule where oxygen is present. A positive test result is pink red (or results in a deposit in the base of the cupule); a negative test result is colorless to pale pink. Carrine Blank aerobic triphenyl tetrazolium reduction anaerobic triphenyl tetrazolium reduction assay Carrine Blank Assays the ability of a microorganism to reduce triphenyl tetrazolium chloride under anaerobic conditions (using anaerobic respiration). The color change (production of the red reduced product will occur near the bottom of the cupule where oxygen is absent. A positive test result is pink red (or results in a deposit in the base of the cupule); a negative test result is colorless to pale pink. anaerobic triphenyl tetrazolium reduction lipase assay Carrine Blank LLIP lipolytic activity lipase A hydrolase assay for the presence of lipase activity in a microorganism. Lipase enzymes split longer-chained esters into an acid and an alcohol via a hydrolysis reaction. lipase activity fatty acid ester lipolysis LIP hydrogen sulfide assay sulfide production H2S production H2S lead acetate is blackened lead acetate An assay for the production of hydrogen sulfide in a microorganism from sodium thiosulfate under anaerobic conditions. After incubation, FeCl3 (ferric chloride) is added. If H2S is formed, it will react with the ferric chloride to form a black/brown ferrous sulfide precipitate. A positive test results in a black deposit (or thin line); a negative test results in a colorless or greyish color. Can also be performed using a strip of filter paper soaked in saturated lead acetate and dried. When suspended above the medium in the presence of hydrogen sulfide the paper will turn black. hydrogen sulfide production Carrine Blank sulfur reduction test organic molecular entity fermentation assay methyl red test acidification fermentable sugars fermentation phenol red decolorized ferment phenol red test fermentative metabolism methyl red fermentable carbohydrate cultures decolorizes the sulphonphthalein dyes brom cresol purple and phenol red fermentable carbohydrate Carrine Blank acid production Organic carbon metabolism assay where an organic molecular entity is tested to determine if it can be fermented by a microorganism. For fermentation of substrates in the presence of BROMCRESOL PURPLE (bromocresol purple), acidification of the medium results in a color change of the indicator to yellow or yellow-green. Absence of fermentation results in a neutral pH, or purple color. A positive reaction is purple; a negative reaction is yellow or yellow-green. ---------------------------------- For fermentation of substrates in the presence of PHENOL RED acidification of the medium results in a color change of the indicator to yellow. Absence of fermentation results in a neutral pH, or red color. A positive reaction is yellow; a negative reaction is red. ----------------------------------- For fermentation of substrates in the presence of BROMOTHYMOL BLUE, acidification of the medium results in a color change of the indicator to yellow or green. Absence of fermentation results in a neutral pH, or blue color. A positive reaction is green to yellow; a negative reaction is blue. ---------------------------------- fermentable substrates bromcresol purple decolorized fermentation acids aerobic acid production D-glucose fermentation assay D-glucose acidification dextrose dGLU Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-glucose. Carrine Blank Dglucose D-glucose fermentation OFF D-glucose GLU D-mannitol fermentation assay MAN D-mannitol acidification D-mannitol Dmanniol D-mannitiol Dmannitol MNL dMAN D-mannitol fermentation Carrine Blank dulcite Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-mannitol. beta-lactose fermentation assay D-lactose acidification Carrine Blank D-lactose fermentation LAC D-lactose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment beta-lactose. sucrose fermentation assay SUC saccharose sucrose acidification Dsucrose D-saccharose fermentation SAC Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment sucrose. D-saccharose acidification sucrose D-saccharose D-sucrose sucrose fermentation beta-maltose fermentation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment beta-maltose. Carrine Blank beta-maltose D-maltose acidification dMAL D-maltose fermentation D-maltose D-malose MAL salicin fermentation assay saticin salicine Dsalicin sugar aldehyde salicin acidification KSF L-salicin D-salicin SAL Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment salicin. salicin salicin fermentation Carrine Blank sulicin D-xylose fermentation assay D-xylose acidification dXYL Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-xylose. D-xyloze XYL Dxylose Carrine Blank D-xylose fermentation D-xylose L-arabinose fermentation assay L-arabinose lARA ARA L-arabinose fermentation Carrine Blank Larabinose L-arabinose acidification L-arabinol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment L-arabinose. glycerol fermentation assay glycerol fermentation glycerol acidification Carrine Blank glucerol glycerol glycerin GLY gkycerol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment glycerol. beta-cellobiose fermentation assay beta-cellobiose Dcellobiose Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment beta-cellobiose. dCEL D-celiobiose D-cellobiose acidification D-cellobiose fermentation D-cellobiose CEL Dcellubiose D-mannose fermentation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-mannose. D-mennose Dmannose D-mannose D-mannose acidification dMNE MNE D-mannose fermentation melezitose fermentation assay MLZ dMLZ D-melezitose fermentation melezitose acidification a-melezitose Carrine Blank Dmelezitose melezitose fermentation meleziose melezitose melezitol melizitol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment melezitose. D-melezitose melizitose D-melezitose acidification raffinose fermentation assay raffinose acidification D-raffinose fermentation alpha-raffinose D-raffinose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-raffinose (raffinose). dRAF beta-raffinose D-rafnose raffinose D-melitose raflinose rafnose Carrine Blank L-raffinose Draffinose D-raffinose acidification RAF raffinose fermentation D-glucitol fermentation assay D-sorbitol acidification D-dorbitol Carrine Blank D-sorbitol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-glucitol. SOR dSOR Dsorbiol D-sorbitol fermentation Dsorbitol L-rhamnose fermentation assay RHA lRHA L-rhamnose fermentation Lrhamnose Carrine Blank L-rhamnose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment L-rhamnose. L-rhamnose acidification alpha,alpha-trehalose fermentation assay D-trehalose D-trehalose acidification Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment alpha,alpha-trehalose. dTRE Carrine Blank Dtrehalose TRE alpha,alpha-trehalose D-trehalose fermentation D-tehalose esculin ferric citrate assay esculin hydrolysis test aesculin ferric citrate aesculin ferric citrate test An assay for the hydrolysis of esculin in a microorganism. Esculin is a coumarin glycoside. Many species of microorganisms can hydrolyze esculin into glucose and aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumerin). In the presence of ferric iron, aesculetin reacts to form a dark brown to black phenolic iron compound. A positive result generates a dark brown/black precipitate; a negative result generates no precipitate (yellow color). Because esculin is fluorescent, under uv illumination, a positive result generates no fluorescence; a negative result generates fluorescence. Ferric iron may be reduced to hydrogen sulfide (resulting in a dark brown to black precipitate), resulting in a false positive reaction. Sulfide will be produced only under anaerobic conditions, so the precipitate will only be seen at the bottom of the cupule, away from oxygen. Confirmation of the test results should therefore be made using uv illumination. Carrine Blank esculin hydrolyse aesculin hydrolase esculin hydrolase esculin hydrolysis esculin ferric citrate aesculin hydrolysis ESC esculin ferric citrate test erythritol fermentation assay erythrol ERY erythrotol erythitol mesoerythritol DL-erythritol Carrine Blank erythritol fermentation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment erythritol. erythritol erythritol acidification beta-galactosidase assay with PNPG PNPGAL 4-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside para-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside p-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactoside p-NP-b-D-galactopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside p-NP-beta-D-galactopyranoside p-nitrophenyl galactoside p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside bGAL p-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside Carrine Blank An assay for the activity of beta-galactosidase in a microorganism. An assay for beta-galactosidase activity using para-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside; 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside; PNPG). Beta-galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. PNPG has been found in some strains to have a higher hydrolysis rate than ONPG, and beta-galactosidase has a higher substrate preference for PNPG. Lee E-G, Kim S, Oh D-B, Lee SY & Kwon O. 2012. Distinct roles of beta-galactosidase paralogues of the rumen bacterium Mannheimia succiniciproducens. J Bacterol 194(2):426-436. para-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside PNPG D-glucose assimilation assay D-glucose assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-glucose as a sole source of carbon and energy. dextrose D-glucose GLU dGLUa Dglucose dGLU L-arabinose assimilation assay L-arabinol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-arabinose as a sole source of carbon and energy. lARAa L-arabinose L-arabinose assimilation Carrine Blank ARA Larabinose D-mannose assimilation assay D-mannose MNE dMNEa Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-mannose as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-mennose Dmannose Carrine Blank D-mannose assimilation D-mannitol assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-mannitol as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-mannitol dulcite D-mannitiol Dmanniol D-mannitol assimilation MAN Carrine Blank Dmannitol N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine assimilation assay N-acetyl-betaglucosanme N-acetyl-beta-glucosamine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine assimilation Carrine Blank N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine as a sole source of carbon and energy. beta-maltose assimilation assay dMALa D-maltose assimilation D-maltose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate beta-maltose as a sole source of carbon and energy. beta-maltose assimilation Carrine Blank beta-maltose D-malose MAL D-gluconic acid assimilation assay Carrine Blank D-gluconate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-gluconate as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-gluconic acid assimilation dGNTa D-gluconate assimilation D-gluconic acid decanoic acid assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate decanoate (decanoic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. capric acid assimilation decanoate decanoate assimilation Carrine Blank CAP n-capric acid caprate capric acid decanoic acid caprate assimilation adipic acid assimilation assay adipate assimilation ADI Carrine Blank adipinate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate adipate (adipic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. adipic acid adipic acid assimilation adipate (S)-malic acid assimilation assay sodium L-malate Carrine Blank lMLTa L-malic acid L-malate assimilation (S)-malate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate (S)-malate(2-) as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-malate citric acid assimilation assay fe citrate citric acid citrate (sodium) assimilation citrate sodium citrate trisodium citrate citric acid assimilation citrate utilization Carrine Blank ferric citrate CIT citrate assimilation titanium citrate trisodium citrate assimilation iron citrate CITa Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate citrate (citric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. sodium citrate assimilation phenylacetic acid assimilation assay phenylacetate assimilation phenylacetic acid assimilation phenylacetic acid PAC phenyl-acetate o-toluic acid Carrine Blank phenyl acetic acid o-toluate phenyl acetate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate phenylacetate (phenylacetic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. phenylacetate organic molecular entity assimilation assay Organic carbon metabolism assay where an organic molecular entity is tested to determine if it can be assimilated or oxidized by a microorganism, using it both as a carbon source and as a source of energy. Assimilation of the substrate in the presence of a single organic carbon compound results in turbidity due to growth, under oxic conditions. Oxidation means that the compound is oxidized (which could be followed by the oxidation of a terminal electron acceptor dye, such as resazurin or tetrazolium-derivative). Note: this definition does not include fermentation. A positive result is the presence of turbidity (opaque); a negative result is transparent. Or a positive result is the presence of a change in color of a redox dye; a negative result is no change in color. Carrine Blank D-arabinose fermenation assay D-arabinose Carrine Blank DARA D-arabinose fermentation Darabinose D-arabinose acidification Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-arabinose. D-ribose fermentation assay D-ribose dRIB2 Carrine Blank D-ribose fermentation Dribose RIB D-ribose acidification dRIB Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-ribose. L-xylose fermentation assay L-xylose fermentation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment L-xylose. L-xylose acidification LXYL Lxylose Carrine Blank L-xylose D-ribitol fermentation assay D-ribitol D-adonito D-adonitol acidification Dadonitol D-ribitol acidification ADO Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-ribitol. D-adonitol fermentation D-ribitol fermentation D-adonitol methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside fermentation assay methyl-D-xylopyranoside methyl beta-D-xyloside fermentation MDX Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. methyl-D-xyloside methyl-beta-D-xylose methyl-beta-xylopyranoside beta-methyl-D-xylose methyl-beta-D-xylopyranside methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside fermentation Carrine Blank D-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside methyl-beta-D-xyloside methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside acidification methyl-beta-Dxylopyranoside beta-methyl-D-xyloside methyl-beta-Dxyloside methyl-D-xyloside fermentation methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside MdX methyl beta-D-xyloside D-galactose fermentation assay GAL D-galatose Dgalacose D-galactose galactose fermenation D-galactose fermentation galactose acidification Dsalactose Carrine Blank D-galactose acidification galactose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-galactose. Dgalactose dGAL D-fructose fermenation assay Carrine Blank D-fructose acidification Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-fructose. D-frucose Dfructose FRU Dfrucose D-levulose D-fructose D-fructose fermentation L-sorbose fermentation assay L-sorbose acidification Carrine Blank L-sorbose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment L-sorbose. SBE L-sorbose fermentation Lsorbose galactitol fermentation assay galactitol dulcitol acidification dulcitol fermentation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment galactitol. dulcital dulcit dulcitole dulicitol DUL D-dulcitol dulcitol dulciol meso-dulcitol Carrine Blank inositol fermentation assay inositol inosin inositol acidification Carrine Blank inositol fermentation inosiol INO Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment inositol. inosite methyl alpha-D-mannoside fermentation assay methyl-a-D-mannose methy a-D-mannopyanoside methyl-a-D-mannotpyranside methyl-aD-mannopyranoside methyl-a-Dmannoside methyl-D-mannoside a-methyl-D-mannose glycosides a-methyl-D-mannose methyl-D-mannopyranoside Carrine Blank methyl-a-Dmannopyrnaoside methyl-alpha-D-mannoside a-methyl-D-mannoside methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside acidification methyl-a-D-mannoside methyl a-D-mannopyranoside methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside a-methyl mannoside a-methylmannoside methyl a-D-mannoside assimilation methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside fermentation MDM methyl a-D-mannoside acidification methyl-a-mannoside methyl alpha-D-mannoside Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside fermentation assay a-methyl-glucoside methyl-a-D-glucoside methyl-aD-glucopyranoside methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside fermentation MDG Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. MdG methyl-a-D-glucose methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside acidification a-methyl-D-glycoside methyl-a-Dglucopyranoside methyl-alpha-D-glucoside alpha-methyl glucoside methyl-a-Dglucoside a-methylglucoside Carrine Blank methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside acidification methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside methyl-a-D-glycoside methyl-a-D-glucopyranosdie methyl a-D-glucopyranoside methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside methyl-a-glucoside a-methyl glucoside a-methyl-D-glucoside N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine fermentation assay Carrine Blank N-acetyl-b-glucosamine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine acidification N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine fermentation N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine N-acetyl-betaglucosamine Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine. D-amygdalin fermentation assay D-amygdalin Carrine Blank AMY D-amygdalin acidification D-amygdalin fermentation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-amygdalin. hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside fermentation assay arubutin Carrine Blank arbutine fermentation L-arbutin arbutine acidification arbutin arbutin acidification ARB arbutine arubtin rirbutin arbutin fermentation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. D-arbutin p-arbutin esculin fermentation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment esculin. ESC esculin ferric citrate aesculin ferric citrate aesculin acidification aesculin fermentation esculin acidification esculin fermentation Carrine Blank aesculin esculin esculine beta-melibiose fermentation assay b-melibiose a-D-melibiose D-melibiose Carrine Blank a-melibiose D-melibiose fermentation beta-melibiose D-melibiose acidfication D-meliboise Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-melibiose (beta-melibiose). inulobiose fermentation assay inulose BMC Plant Biol. 2009; 9: 14. Published online Jan 28, 2009. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-14 PMCID: PMC2660907 Construction of 12 EST libraries and characterization of a 12,226 EST dataset for chicory (Cichorium intybus) root, leaves and nodules in the context of carbohydrate metabolism investigation Nicolas Dauchot, Dominique Mingeot, Bénédicte Purnelle, Céline Muys, Bernard Watillon, Marc Boutry, and Pierre Van Cutsem. INU Carrine Blank inulose acidification inulin Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment inulose (inulobiose). Inulin is a fructooligosaccharide polymer, found in some plants, which often has a terminal glucose. Glucose-free inulin is inulose. Think it is more likely that it is a mistaken representation for inulobiose. inulose fermentation starch fermentation assay AMD Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment starch. starch acidification starch fermentation Carrine Blank starch sarch potato starch amidon glycogen fermentation assay glycogene fermentation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment glycogen. glycogene glycogen glycogen fermentation D-glycogen glycogen acidification glycogene acidification Carrine Blank GLYG Dglycogen xylitol fermentation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment xylitol. xylitol Carrine Blank xylitol acidification xylitol fermentation D-xylitol XLT gentiobiose fermentation assay GEN gentiobiose acidification b-gentibiose gentiobiose Carrine Blank gentiobiose fermentation gentobiose b-gentobiose genitobiose beta-gentibiose b-gentiobiose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment gentiobiose. beta-gentiobiose gentibiose beta-gentobiose turanose fermentation assay D-turanose Carrine Blank D-turanose fermentation D-turanose acidification turanose Dturanose TUR turanose fermentation D-tutanose turanose acidification Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-turanose. D-lyxose fermentation assay Carrine Blank D-lyxose acidification Dlyxose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-lyxose. LYX D-iyxose D-lyxose fermentation D-lyxose D-tagatose fermentation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-tagatose. D-tagatose acidification Dtagatose dTAG TAG D-tagatose Carrine Blank D-tagatose fermentation D-fucose fermentation assay D-fucose acidification Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-fucose. D-fucose fermentation DFUC D-fucose Dfucose Carrine Blank L-fucose fermentation assay LFUC L-fucose acidification L-fucose L-fucose fermentation Lfucose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment L-fucose. Carrine Blank D-arabinitol fermentation assay D-arabinitol fermentation D-arabinitol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment D-arabinitol. D-arabitol fermentation Carrine Blank D-arabinitol acidification D-arabitol DARL D-arabitol acidification L-arabinitol fermentation assay L-arabinitol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment L-arabinitol. L-arabitol acidification LARL Carrine Blank L-arabinitol fermentation L-arabitol L-arabitol fermentation L-arabinitol acidification gluconic acid fermentation assay gluconate acidification Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment gluconate (gluconic acid). Carrine Blank GNT sodium gluconate gluconate fermentation gluconate potassium gluconate gluconic acid gluconic acid sodium salt 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid fermentation assay 2-ketogluconate 2-keto-gluconate 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid 2-ketogluconate acidification 2KG 2-cetogluconate Carrine Blank potassium 2-ketogluonate 2-ketogluconate fermentation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment 2-ketogluconate (2-dehydro-D-gluconate; 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid). potassium 2-ketogluconate potassium 2-cetogluconate 2-keto gluconate 2-dehydro-D-gluconate 2-keto-D-gluconate 5-dehydro-D-gluconic acid fermentation assay potassium 5-ketogluconat Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment 5-dehydro-D-gluconate (5-dehydro-D-gluconic acid). 5-ketogluconate Carrine Blank 5-dehydro-D-gluconate 5-ketogluconate fermentation 5-keto-D-gluconate potassium 5-ketogluconate 5-keto-Dgluconate 5-dehydro-D-gluconic acid 5KG 5-ketogluconate acidification potassium-5-ketogluconate potassium-5-cetogluconate 5-keto-gluconate 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid assimilation assay 2-ketogluconate Carrine Blank 2-dehydro-D-gluconate 2-keto-D-gluconate assimilation potassium 2-ketogluconate 2-keto-gluconate 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid potassium 2-ketogluonate 2-keto-gluconate assimilation 2KGa Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 2-dehydro-D-gluconate (2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. 2-keto gluconate 2-ketogluconate assimilation potassium 2-cetogluconate 2KGa 2KG 2-cetogluconate 2-keto-D-gluconate 3-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation assay b-hydroxy butyric acid hydroxy-b-DL-butyric aicd 3-hydroxybutyrate assimilation DL-3-hydroxybutyrate 3-hydroxybutyric acid 3OBU b-hydroxybutyrate 3-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-hydroxybutyric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. zzzz check that carnitine is a synonym beta-hydroxybutyric acid DL-b-hydroxybutyrate 3-hydroxybutyrate b-hydroxy-L-butyric acid beta-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation Carrine Blank beta-hydroxybutyrate assimilation beta-hydroxybutyrate b-hydroxybutyric acid DL-carnitine 5-dehydro-D-gluconic acid assimilation assay 5-ketogluconic acid assimilation 5-ketogluconic acid 5-ketogluconate assimilation potassium 5-ketogluconat Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 5-dehydro-D-gluconate (5-dehydro-D-gluconic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. potassium 5-ketogluconate 5-dehydro-D-gluconic acid potassium-5-cetogluconate 5-ketogluconate 5KG 5-keto-gluconate Carrine Blank 5-keto-Dgluconate 5-dehydro-D-gluconate assimilation potassium-5-ketogluconate 5-keto-D-gluconate acetic acid assimilation assay acetate assimilation ACE acetic acid ACEa potassium acetate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate acetate (acetic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. sodium acetate actate acetic acetate acetic acid assimilation Carrine Blank L-alanine assimilation assay Carrine Blank L-alanine assimilation L-alanine Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-alanine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-fucose assimilation assay L-fucose Carrine Blank FUC L-fucose assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-fucose as a sole source of carbon and energy. glycogen assimilation assay glycogen Dglycogen glycogen assimilation glycogene Carrine Blank GLYG glycogene assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glycogen as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-glycogen L-histidine assimilation assay Carrine Blank HIS lHISa Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-histidine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-histidine assimilation L-histidine inositol assimilation assay INO inosite inositol inositol assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate inositol as a sole source of carbon and energy. inosin inosiol Carrine Blank itaconic acid assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate itaconate (itaconic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. itaconic acid itaconate ITA itaconic acid assimilation itaconate assimilation Carrine Blank (S)-lactic acid assimilation assay i-lactic acid sodium L-lactate (S)-lactate L-lactate assimilation L-lactate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate (S)-lactate as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-lactic acids L-lactate isomer Llactic acid L-lactic acid (S)-lactic acid L-lactic acid assimilation lLATa Carrine Blank beta-melibiose assimilation assay dMELa b-melibiose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate beta-melibiose as a sole source of carbon and energy. beta-melibiose Carrine Blank MEL D-melibiose a-D-melibiose D-meliboise a-melibiose D-melibiose assimilation malonic acid assimilation assay malonate MNT malonic acid Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate malonate (malonic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. malonate utilization Carrine Blank malonic acid assimilation sodium malonate malonate assimilation 3-hydroxybenzoic acid assimilation assay 3-hydroxybenzoic acid assimilation m-hydroxybenzoate Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 3-hydroxybenzoate (3-hydroxybenzoic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid mOBE 3-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxybenzoate assimilation 4-hydroxybenzoic acid assimilation assay p-hydroxybenzoate 4-hydroxybenzoate pOBE Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid assimilation 4-hydroxybenzoate assimilation Carrine Blank L-proline assimilation assay PRO Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-proline as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-proline L-proline assimilation Carrine Blank lPROa propionic acid assimilation assay propionate assimilation PROP propionic acid assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate propionate (propionic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank propionic acid propionic sodium propionate propionate L-rhamnose assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-rhamnose as a sole source of carbon and energy. lRHAa L-rhamnose assimilation Lrhamnose Carrine Blank L-rhamnose RHA D-ribose assimilation assay D-ribose RIB Dribose D-ribose assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-ribose as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank sucrose assimilation assay Dsucrose SAC SACa saccharose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate sucrose as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-saccharose assimilation D-sucrose saccharose assimilation sucrose assimilation sucrose Carrine Blank D-saccharose salicin assimilation assay L-salicin salicin saticin Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate salicin as a sole source of carbon and energy. Dsalicin Carrine Blank salicin assimilation sulicin D-salicin assimilation salicine SAL D-salicin L-serine assimilation assay SER Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-serine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-serine assimilation L-serine Lserine D-glucitol assimilation assay D-glucitol assimilation dSORa D-sorbitol assimilation Dsorbitol SOR Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-glucitol as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-glucitol Dsorbiol D-dorbitol D-sorbitol suberic acid assimilation assay Carrine Blank SUB Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate suberate (suberic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. suberate suberic acid assimilation suberate assimilation suberic acid valeric acid assimilation assay valeric acid n-valeric acid valerate assimilation vaerate n-valerate valerate VALT Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate valerate (valeric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. valeric acid assimilation Carrine Blank pentanoate enzymatic assay Carrine Blank An assay for the presence of an enzyme or enzymatic capability of a microorganism. alpha-galactosidase assay with pNP p-nitrophenyl-a-D-galactopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside An assay for the activity of alpha-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. Alpha-galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. p-NP-a-D-galactopyranoside p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-a-D-galactopyranoside p-NP-alpha-D-galactopyranoside aGAL GAL para-nitrophenyl-a-D-galactopyranoside para-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside Carrine Blank 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase assay with pNP para-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate Carrine Blank p-NP-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate p-NP-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate para-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate bGP 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate An assay for the activity of 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate. 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase (beta-galactosidase 6-phosphate) will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate p-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate 4-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate alpha-glucosidase assay with pNP p-nitrophenyl-a-D-glucopyranoside para-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside p-NP-a-D-glucopyranoside para-nitrophenyl-a-D-glucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside An assay for the activity of alpha-glucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Alpha-glucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. GLU p-NP-alpha-D-glucopyranoside Carrine Blank aGLU p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-a-D-glucopyranoside beta-glucosidase assay with pNP p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside bGLU An assay for the activity of beta-glucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Beta-glucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. Carrine Blank p-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside p-NP-b-D-glucopyranoside p-NP-beta-D-glucopyranoside para-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside para-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside sheath having distinctive features Morphologically differentiated filament part, where the sheath has distinctive features. Carrine Blank beta-glucuronidase assay with pNP p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide p-NP-beta-D-glucuronide 4-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucuronide para-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide para-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucuronide Carrine Blank p-NP-b-D-glucuronide An assay for the activity of beta-glucuronidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide. Beta-glucuronidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. GUR PNPGLR bGUR 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide p-nitrophenyl-b-D-glucuronide N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase assay with pNP NAG p-NP-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide Carrine Blank para-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide para-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide An assay for the activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. bNAG p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide NAGA bNAP 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide p-NP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide novobiocin resistance assay An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to utilize sugars in the presence of novobiocin. NOVO Carrine Blank glutamic acid decarboxylase assay The purpose of this test is to determine if a microbial isolate is capable of metabolizing glutamic acid under anaerobic conditions. When glutamic acid is metabolized, the pH of the medium decreases due to the accumulation of H+ and organic acids (e.g. glutamate, succinate). This turns color of the pH indicator (e.g. 4-nitrophenol) to yellow. A positive test yields a yellow color; a negative test is colorless. Glutamate decarboxylase carries out the following reaction: L-glutamate <=> 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyrate) + CO2 Carrine Blank glutamic acid decarboxylase glutamic acid is decarboxylated GDC WIkipedia:Glutamate decarboxylase glutamate decarboxylase alpha-L-fucosidase assay with pNP aFUC para-nitrophenyl-a-L-fucopyranoside p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside An assay for the activity of alpha-fucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside. Alpha-fucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. Carrine Blank p-nitrophenyl-a-L-fucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-a-L-fucopyranoside para-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside p-NP-a-L-fucopyranoside p-NP-alpha-L-fucopyranoside L-arginine arylamidase assay using NA L-arginyl-2-naphthylamide An L-arginine arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-arginine-2-naphthylamide (L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Arginine arylamidase activity (which could be from arginine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-arginine arylamidase L-arginine aminopeptidase argininic arylamidase Carrine Blank ArgA L-arginyl-b-naphthylamide L-arginine-2-naphthylamide arginine-beta-naphthylamide L-arginyl-beta-naphthylamide L-proline arylamidase assay using NA Uses the substrate L-proline-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Proline arylamidase activity (which could be from proline aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-prolyl-2-naphthylamide L-prolyl-beta-naphthylamide L-prolyl-b-naphthylamide Carrine Blank L-proline-2-naphthylamide leucyl glycine arylamidase assay leucyl glycine arylamidase LGA L-leucyl-glycyl-beta-naphthylamide L-leucyl-L-glycine-2-naphthylamide leucyl-glycine-beta-naphthylamide LGLY An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for leucyl glycine arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate L-leucyl-L-glycine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Leucyl glycine arylamidase activity (which could be from leucyl glycine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. Carrine Blank leucyl glycine aminopeptidase L-leucyl-glycyl-b-naphthylamide L-phenylalanine arylamidase assay An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Phenylalanine arylamidase activity (which could be from phenoylalanine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-phenylalanine AMC phenylalanine arylamidase L-phenylalanyl-beta-naphthylamide phenylalanine aminopeptidase Carrine Blank L-phenylalanyl-b-naphthylamide L-phenylalanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin PheA L-phenylalanyl-2-naphthylamide L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase assay L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide PYRA L-pyroglutamic acid AMC L-pyrrolidonyl-b-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate pyroglutamic acid-2-naphthylamide (pyroglutamic acid-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Pyroglutamic acid arylamidase activity (which could be from pyroglutamic acid aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. pyrrolidonyl arylamidase PYR L-Pyroglutamic acid 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin L-pyrrolydonyl arylamidase Carrine Blank pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase L-tyrosine arylamidase assay tyrosine aminopeptidase L-tyrosyl-beta-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-tyrosine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Tyrosine arylamidase activity (which could be from tyrosine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. tyrosine arylamidase L-tyrosyl-b-naphthylamide L-tyrosine-2-naphthylamide TyrA L-tyrosyl-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank TYR glycine arylamidase assay glycine aminopeptidase glycyl-beta-naphthylamide glycine-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate glycine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glycine arylamidase activity (which could be from glycine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-glycine AMD glycine arylamidase glycine-beta-naphthylamide glycyl-b-naphthylamide L-glycine-2-naphthylamide GlyA glycyl-2-naphthylamide L-glycine 7-amino-4-coumarin L-histidine arylamidase assay L-histidine-2-naphthylamide L-histidyl-2-naphthylamide L-histidyl-b-naphthylamide histidine aminopeptidase L-histidine 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin Carrine Blank L-histidine AMD An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-histidine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Histidine arylamidase activity (which could be from histidine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. HisA L-histidyl-beta-naphthylamide histidine arylamidase glutamyl glutamic acid arylamidase assay Glutamyl-glutamic acid-2-naphthylamide glutamyl glutamic acid arylamidase L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid-2-naphthylamide An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for Glutamyl glutamic arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glutamyl glutamic arylamidase activity (which could be from glutamyl glutamic aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. GGA glutamyl glutamic acid aminopeptidase Carrine Blank L-serine arylamidase assay L-seryl-beta-naphthylamide Carrine Blank L-seryl-b-naphthylamide L-seryl-2-naphthylamide L-serine-2-naphthylamide serine arylamidase An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-serine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Serine arylamidase activity (which could be from serine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. SerA serine aminopeptidase alanyl alanine arylamidase assay L-alanyl-L-alanine-b-naphthylamide L-alanyl-L-alanine-beta-naphthylamide L-alanyl-L-alanine-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank alanyl alanine aminopeptidase An assay for alanyl alanine arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate L-alanyl-L-alanine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Alanyl alanine arylamidase activity (which could be from alanyl alanine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. AlaA alanyl alanine arylamidase beta-galactosidase assay bGAL beta-galactopyranosidase beta-D-galactosidase b-galactosidase beta-galactosidase Wikipedia:Beta-galactosidase Carrine Blank BGAR b-galactoside A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of beta-galactosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. beta-galactoside beta-glucosidase assay An assay for the activity of beta-glucosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. Beta-glucosidase hydrolyses oligosaccharides (such as cellobiose) into monosaccharides. cellobiase beta-1,6-glucosidase Wikipedia:Beta-glucosidase beta-glucosidase beta-D-GLU BGLU b-D-GLU Carrine Blank beta-D-glucosidase arbutinase beta-D-glucoside b-glucosidase gentiobiase b-D-glucoside EC:3.2.1.21 beta-glucuronidase assay bGUR beta-glucuronidase b-glucoronidase Wikipedia:Beta-glucuronidase b-glucuronidase beta-glucoronidase Carrine Blank A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of beta-glucuronidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase assay b-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase Carrine Blank bNAG N-acetyl-glucosaminidase beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase N-acetyl-b-glucosaminidase N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. BNAG API 20 Strep API® 20 Strep; Identification system for Streptococcaceae and related organisms; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank hippurate assay hippuric acid Carrine Blank HIP hippurate hydrolysed hippuric acid test hippurate test An assay for the hydrolysis of hippuric acid (benzoylaminoethanoic acid; N-benzoylglycine) in a microorganism. The test uses ninhydrin as a color indicator. Hippuric acid hydrolysis releases glycine, which reacts with ninhydrin (colorless) to form a purple color. A positive test result is dark blue/violet; a negative test result is colorless/pale blue/blueish-grey. hippurate hydrolysis API NH API® NH; System for the identification of Neisseria and Haemophilus; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank lipase C10 assay Carrine Blank 5-bromo-3-indoxyl-caprate Uses the substrate 5-bromo-3-indoxyl-caprate (5-bromo-3-indolyl decanoate; blue-caprate). Lipases that can hydrolyze C10 compounds will cleave the substrate, producing 5-bromo-3-hydroxyindole. The latter will spontaneously dimerize and oxidize to 5,5'-dibromo-indigo, an intensely blue insoluble product. A postive reaction is blue with a precipitate; a negative reaction is colorless to pale grey. LIP 5-bromo-3-indoxyl-caproic acid Kiernan JA. 2007. Indigogenic substrates for detection and localization of enzymes. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 82(2):73-103. penicillinase assay Carrine Blank PEN An antibiotic resistance assay for the activity/presence of penicillinase using potassium benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) and starch iodide. Penicillin hydrolysis results in the decolorization of starch iodide due to the reduction of iodine. A positive reaction (penicillinase presence) is yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-blue. A negative reaction is blue. Perret CJ. 1954. Iodometric assay of penicillinase. Nature 174:1012-1013. gamma glutamyl transferase assay using methoxy-NA Carrine Blank gamma-glutamyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide gamma-glutamyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide g-glutamyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide g-glutamyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide g-glutamyl-4-methoxy-b-naphthylamide An amino acid arylamidase assay that measures the activity of gamma glutamyl transferase using gamma-glutamyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity reacts with the substrate releasing beta-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive test is orange/dark orange; a negative test is colorless, yellow to pale orange (may be yellow orange if the organism is positive for alkaline phosphatase). gamma-glutamyl-4-methoxy-b-naphthylamide GGT malonate fermentation/oxidation assay MNT Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to utilize malonate. API RapiD 20 E API® Rapid ID 20 E – System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae in 4 hours; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank para-phenylalanine deaminase assay Measures the presence of para-phenylalanine deaminase activity using the substrate 4-nitrophenylalanine. Para-phenylalanine deaminase activity cleaves the compound releasing ammonia and 3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid (yellow to brown). A positive reaction is yellow to brown; a negative reaction is colorless. Carrine Blank PPA para-phenylalanine deaminase API Coryne API® Coryne; Identification system for coryneform bacteria ; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank pyrazinamidase assay pyrazinamidase An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of pyrazinamidase activity using the substrate pyrazinecarboxamide. Pyrazinamidase hydrolyzes the substrate pyrazinamide (pyrazinecarboxamide) to form pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid). In the presence of ferrous ammonium sulfate a complex forms witht he product to form a "rusty pink color complex". A positive test is brown orange; a negative test is colorless/very pale brown/very pale orange. Pyrazinamidase catalyzes the following reaction: Pyrazinamide + H2O <=> pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) + NH3. Revathi G & Talwar V. 1995. A biochemical test based on pyrazinamidase activity for rapid differentiation of Corynebacteria. Indian J Clin Biochem 10(1):39-41. pyrazinamidase test PYZ EC:3.5.1.B15 Carrine Blank alpha-glucosidase assay a-glucosidase aGLU An assay for the activity of alpha-glucosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. Alpha glucosidase acts on 1,4-alpha bonds in polymers of glucose. alpha-D-glucoside alpha-glucosidase Carrine Blank a-D-glucoside alpha-glucosidase assay with naphthol 2-naphthyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside aGLU An assay for the activity of alpha-glucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Alpha-glucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (an azo dye) that is purple in color. A positive result is purple; a negative result is colorless, beige-pale purple, pale green. 2-naphthyl-a-D-glucopyranoside Carrine Blank API Campy Carrine Blank API® Campy; Identification system for Campylobacter; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com; API is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. esterase C2 assay Carrine Blank 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-acetate Test for C2 esterase activity in a microorganism using the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-acetate. Esterase that can hydrolyze C2 compounds will cleave the substrate, producing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole. The later will spontaneously dimerize and oxidize to 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-indigo, an intensely blue insoluble product. A postive reaction is blue/turquiose with a precipitate; a negative reaction is colorless to pale blue. Kiernan JA. 2007. Indigogenic substrates for detection and localization of enzymes. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 82(2):73-103. EST L-aspartate arylamidase assay L-aspartate-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank ApsA L-aspartyl-2-naphtylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-aspartate-2-naphthylamide (L-aspartic acid-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Aspartate arylamidase activity (which could be from aspartate aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-aspartyl-beta-naphthylamide L-aspartyl-b-naphthylamide L-aspartate arylamidase aspartate aminopeptidase aspartate arylamidase succinic acid assimilation assay SUT succinic acid assimilation sodium succinate succinic succinic acids succinate utilization disodium succinate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate succinate (succinic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. succinate assimilation succinate succinic acid utilization succinic acid Carrine Blank antibiotic resistance assay Carrine Blank An assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow or utilize sugars in the presence of an antibiotic (an antimicrobial compound). nalidixic acid resistance assay nalidixic acid An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of nalidixic acid. Carrine Blank NAL cefazolin resistance assay Carrine Blank cefazoline An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of (sodium) cefazolin. CFZ cefazolin erythromycin resistance assay An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of erythromycin. Carrine Blank ERO alpha-galactosidase assay Carrine Blank a-galactosidase alpha-D-GAL a-D-GAL alpha-D-galactosidase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of alpha-galactosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. a-D-galactosidase alpha-galactosidase aGAL AGAL alpha-galactosidase assay with BrNaphthol aGAL 6-Br-2-naphthyl-a-D-galactopyranoside 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside An assay for the activity of alpha-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. Alpha-galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 2-naphthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (an azo dye) that is purple in color. A positive result is purple; a negative result is colorless. Carrine Blank 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-a-D-galactopyranoside 6-Br-2-naphthyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase assay with oNP 2-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide o-NP-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide An assay for the activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (o-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide). N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase will cleave the substrate, producing 2-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. o-NP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide ortho-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide 2-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide o-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminide ortho-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide Carrine Blank o-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide amino acid metabolism assay An enzymatic assay which tests for the ability of a microorganism to metabolize (for example, by hydrolysis or decarboxylation) or amino acid-containing substrates. Carrine Blank amino acid arylamidase assay Amino acid metabolism assay which tests for the ability of a microorganism to hydrolyze amino acid substrates coordinated with a beta-naphthylamide (2-naphthylamide) moiety. Arylamidases are classes of enzymes with the ability to hydrolyze amino acid-beta-naphtylamide substrates. Sheahan JP, Eitenmiller RR, & Carpenter JA. 1975. Arylamidase activity of Salmonella species. Appl Microbiol 29(6):726-728. aminopeptidase arylamidase Carrine Blank amino acid decarboxylase assay acid acids decarboxylated Carrine Blank Amino acid metabolism assay which tests for the ability of a microorganism to grow/metabolize using an amino acid as a source of energy. electromagnetic radiation Carrine Blank Wikipedia: Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) is a form of radiant energy released by certain electromagnetic processes. Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation, other familiar forms are invisible electromagnetic radiations such as X-rays and radio waves. Radiant energy released by some electromagnetic processes, including visible light. amino acid deaminase assay Amino acid metabolism assay which tests for the ability of a microorganim to gain energy by the deamination of an amino acid. Carrine Blank carbohydrate hydrolysis assay Carrine Blank An enzymatic assay which tests for the ability of a microorganism to hydrolyze carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives. GLY1 protein metabolism assay An enzymatic assay which tests for the ability of a microorganism to hydrolyze proteins or oligopeptides. Carrine Blank redox assay An assay for the ability of a microorganism to oxidize or reduce specific chemical compounds. Carrine Blank milk agar Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains tryptone, yeast extract, skim milk powder, and glucose. Used for the cultivation of microorganisms in dairy products. From: Milk Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Milk Agar is recommended by the British Standards Institute1 for the enumeration of microorganisms in liquid milk, ice cream, dried milk and whey. Principles of Procedure Peptone and yeast extract provide essential nutrients while skim milk powder is a source of casein. Dextrose is the carbon energy source. Agar is the solidifying agent. Proteolytic bacteria will be surrounded by a clear zone from the conversion of casein into soluble nitrogenous compounds.1 Formula Difco™ Milk Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Tryptone...................................................................... 5.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 2.5 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Skim Milk Powder (antibiotic free)................................ 1.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 12.5 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.9 ± 0.1 L-alanine arylamidase assay L-alanyl-b-naphthylamide ALA An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate alanine-2-naphthylamide (L-alanine-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Alanine arylamidase activity (which could be from alanine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. Test is also performed using L-alanine-p-nitroanilide. Alanine arylamidase activity cleaves the substrate, releasing p-nitroaniline which is bright yellow in color. A positive test is yellow; a negative test is colorless. Carrine Blank L-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin L-alanyl-beta-naphthylamide AlaA alanine aminopeptidase alanine arylamidase L-alanine-2-naphthylamide L-alanine-p-nitroanilide L-alanine-p-NA L-alaninyl-2-naphthylamide L-alanine AMD L-asparagine arylamidase assay L-asparagyl-b-naphthylamide L-asparagyl-beta-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-asparagine-2-naphthylamide (L-asparaginyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Asparagine arylamidase activity (which could be from asparagine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. asparagine aminopeptidase asparagine arylamidase L-asparagine-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank L-asparaginyl-2-naphthylamide L-alpha-glutamate arylamidase assay alpha-glutamate aminopeptidase a-L-glutamyl-b-naphthylamide Uses the substrate L-alpha-glutamate-2-naphthylamide (L-alpha-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Alpha-glutamate arylamidase activity (which could be from alpha-glutamate aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. alpha-glutamate arylamidase alpha-glutamic acid arylamidase L-alpha-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide L-alpha-glutamyl-b-naphthylamide alpha-L-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide a-L-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide Carrine Blank alpha-glutamic acid aminopeptidase alpha-L-glutamyl-b-naphthylamide gamma-glutamyl arylamidase assay using NA GGT Carrine Blank gamma-glutamyl-2-naphthylamide gamma-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide gamma-glutamyl-b-naphthylamide Uses the substrate gamma-glutamate-2-naphthylamide (gamma-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Gamma-glutamate arylamidase activity (which could be from gamma-glutamate aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-hydroxy proline arylamidase assay L-hydroxyprolyl-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-hydroxyproline-2-naphthylamide (L-hydroxyprolyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Hydroxyproline arylamidase activity (which could be from hydroxyproline aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. hydroxy proline aminopeptidase HPR L-hydroxyprolyl-beta-naphthylamide L-hydroxyprolyl-b-naphthylamide hydroxy proline arylamidase L-hydroxyproline-2-naphthylamide L-lysine arylamidase assay An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-lysine-2-naphthylamide (L-lysyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Lysine arylamidase activity (which could be from lysine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. lysine aminopeptidase LysA Carrine Blank L-lysyl-2-naphthylamide L-lysyl-b-naphthylamide L-lysyl-beta-naphthylamide lysine arylamidase LYS L-lysine-2-naphthylamide L-methionine arylamidase assay L-methionyl-b-naphthylamide Carrine Blank Uses the substrate L-methionine-2-naphthylamide (L-methionyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Methionine arylamidase activity (which could be from methionine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-methionine aminopeptidase L-methionyl-beta-naphthylamide L-methionine arylamidase L-methionyl-2-naphthylamide L-methionine-2-naphthylamide 4-methoxy leucine arylamidase assay methoxy leucine aminopeptidase Uses the substrate L-leucine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4-methoxy-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide, L-leucine 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Methoxy leucine arylamidase activity (which could be from methoxy leucine aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase M, or leucine aminopeptidase, as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. 4-methoxy-leucyl-b-naphthylamide 4-methoxy-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide L-leucine-4-methoxy-b-naphthylamide L-leucine-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide methoxy leucine arylamidase L-leucine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank L-ornithine arylamidase assay ornithine aminopeptidase L-ornithine-2-naphthylamide L-ornithyl-b-naphthylamide L-ornithyl-beta-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-ornithine-2-naphthylamide (L-ornithyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Ornithine arylamidase activity (which could be from ornithine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. ornithine arylamidase L-ornithyl-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank L-threonine arylamidase assay L-threonyl-2-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-threonine-2-naphthylamide (L-threonyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Threonine arylamidase activity (which could be from threonine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-threonine-2-naphthylamide threonine aminopeptidase L-threonyl-beta-naphthylamide threonine arylamidase Carrine Blank L-threonyl-b-naphthylamide L-tryptophan arylamidase assay L-tryptophan-2-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-tryptophan-2-naphthylamide (L-tryptophyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Tryptophan arylamidase activity (which could be from tryptophan aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. TRY L-tryptophyl-b-naphthylamide L-tryptophyl-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank tryptophan aminopeptidase L-tryptophyl-beta-naphthylamide tryptophan arylamidase L-glutamine arylamidase assay glutamine arylamidase glutamine aminopeptidase Carrine Blank L-glutaminyl-2-naphthylamide AGLTp L-glutaminyl-b-naphthylamide L-glutamine-b-naphthylamide L-glutamine-2-naphthylamide L-glutamine-beta-naphthylamide L-glutaminyl-beta-naphthylamide An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-glutamine-2-naphthylamide (L-glutaminyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Glutamine arylamidase activity (which could be from glutamine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-isoleucine arylamidase assay isoleucine aminopeptidase An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-isoleucyl-2-naphthylamide (L-isoleucine-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Isoleucine arylamidase activity (which could be from isoleucine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-isoleucyl-b-naphthylamide isoleucine arylamidase L-isoleucyl-beta-naphthylamide L-isoleucyl-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank L-isoleucine-2-naphthylamide seryl tyrosine arylamidase assay L-serine-L-tyrosine-2-naphthylamide L-seryl-L-tyrosyl aminopeptidase L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-beta-naphthylamide L-seryl-L-tyrosyl arylamidase Carrine Blank L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-b-naphthylamide An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for seryl tyrosine arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate L-seryl-L-tyrosine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Seryl tyrosine arylamidase activity (which could be from seryl tyrosine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. L-seryl-L-tyrosine-2-naphthylamide glycyl proline arylamidase assay An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for glycyl proline arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate glycyl-L-proline-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glycyl proline arylamidase activity (which could be from glycyl proline aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. glycyl-L-proline-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank glycyl proline aminopeptidase glycyl-L-prolyl-b-naphthylamide glycyl proline arylamidase glycyl-L-prolyl-beta-naphthylamide glycyl-L-prolyl-2-naphthylamide glycyl phenylalanine arylamidase assay glycyl-L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide glycyl phenylalanine arylamidase glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-beta-naphthylamide glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-b-naphthylamide glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank glycyl phenylalanine aminopeptidase An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for glycyl phenylalanine arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate glycyl-L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glycyl phenylalanine arylamidase activity (which could be from glycyl phenylalanine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. DL-methionine arylamidase assay methionine aminopeptidase An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate DL-methionine-2-naphthylamide (DL-methionyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. DL-Methionine arylamidase activity (which could be from methionine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. DL-methionine-2-naphthylamide DL-methionyl-2-naphthylamide DL-methionyl-b-naphthylamide methionine arylamidase DL-methionyl-beta-naphthylamide Carrine Blank glutaryl phenylalanine arylamidase assay Carrine Blank N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide glutaryl-L-phenylalanyl-beta-naphthylamide N-glutaryl-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide glutaryl-L-phenylalanyl-2-naphthylamide glutaryl phenylalanine aminopeptidase glutaryl-L-phenylalanyl-b-naphthylamide glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide glutaryl phenylalanine arylamidase An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for glutaryl phenylalanine arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glutaryl phenylalanine arylamidase activity (which could be from glutaryl phenylalanine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine peptidase assay N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginyl-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for the presence of N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide peptidase in a microorganism. Uses N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide as a substrate. Hydrolysis of the substrate releases 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. N-carbobenzoxy-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine-2-naphthylamide N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginyl-b-naphthylamide N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginyl-beta-naphthylamide N-carbobenzoyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginine-2-naphthylamide N-benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-arginine-4-methoxy peptidase assay N-benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide N-benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for the presence of N-benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide peptidase in a microorganism. Uses N-benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide as a substrate. Hydrolysis of the substrate releases 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. N-benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-4-methoxy-b-naphthylamide peptidase assay protease protease test Carrine Blank protein hydrolysis proteinase test An assay for the ability of a microorganism to hydrolyze proteins. L-fucosidase assay alpha-fucosidase alpha-L-fucosidase Carrine Blank An assay for the activity of alpha-fucosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates which carries out the following reaction: alpha-L-fucoside + H2O <=> L-fucose + an alcohol aFUC a-fucosidase N-benzoyl-L-leucine peptidase assay An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for the presence of N-benzoyl-L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide peptidase in a microorganism. Uses N-benzoyl-L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide as a substrate. Hydrolysis of the substrate releases 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. N-benzoyl-L-leucyl-2-naphthylamide N-benzoyl-L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide N-benzoyl-L-leucyl-b-naphthylamide N-benzoyl-L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide Carrine Blank alpha-L-fucosidase assay with naphthol 2-naphthyl-a-L-fucopyranoside 2-naphthyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside An assay for the activity of alpha-fucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-naphthyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside. Alpha-fucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 2-napthol. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate (an azo dye) that is purple in color. A positive result is purple; a negative result is colorless. Carrine Blank N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase assay alpha-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase N-acetyl-a-D-galacotsaminidase N-acetyl-alpha-galactosaminidase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of N-acetyl-alpha-galactosaminidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. Carrine Blank N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase assay with pNP para-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide Carrine Blank p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosaminide p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosaminide 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide para-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosaminide An assay for the activity of N-acetyl-alpha-galactosaminidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide (p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide). N-acetyl-alpha-galactosaminidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase assay with oNP Carrine Blank o-NP-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosaminide 2-NP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide An assay for the activity of N-acetyl-alpha-galactosaminidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide (o-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide). N-acetyl-alpha-galactosaminidase will cleave the substrate, producing 2-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. o-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide 2-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide o-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosaminide 2-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosaminide o-NP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminide 2-NP-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosaminide beta-xylosidase assay using pNP p-NP-beta-D-xylopyranoside bXYL BXYL beta-D-xylopyranosidase 4-nitrophenyl-b-D-xylopyranoside para-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside pNP-beta-D-xyloside p-nitrophenyl-b-D-xylopyranoside pNP-b-D-xyloside beta-xylopyranosidase p-NP-b-D-xylopyranoside b-xylosidase para-nitrophenyl-b-D-xylopyranoside p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of beta-xylosidase in a microorganism using the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. Beta-xylosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. beta-xylosidase alpha-xylosidase assay p-nitrophenyl-a-D-xylopyranoside A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of alpha-xylosidase in a microorganism using the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-xylopyranoside. Alpha-xylosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-xylopyranoside a-xylosidase p-NP-a-D-xylopyranoside p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-xylopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-a-D-xylopyranoside 4-NP-a-D-xylopyranoside p-NP-alpha-D-xylopyranoside alpha-xylosidase alpha-xylopyranosidase alpha-D-xylopyranosidase 4-NP-alpha-D-xylopyranoside beta-L-fucosidase assay Carrine Blank An assay for the activity of beta-L-fucosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. beta-L-fucosidase beta-L-fucopyranosidase beta-L-fucosidase assay with pNP 4-nitrophenyl-b-L-fucoside 4-nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-b-L-fucopyranoside An assay for the activity of beta-L-fucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside. Beta-L-fucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. p-nitrophenyl-b-L-fucopyranoside p-NP-b-L-fucopyranoside Carrine Blank p-nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside p-NP-beta-L-fucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucoside acid phosphatase assay Wikipedia:Acid_phosphatase Carrine Blank Acid phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction (under acidic pH conditions): A phosphate monoester + H2O <=> an alcohol + phosphate acid phosphatase D-fucosidase assay beta-fucosidase b-fucosidase Carrine Blank An assay for the activity of beta-fucosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. beta-D-fucosidase assay using pNP Carrine Blank p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-b-D-fucopyranoside An assay for the activity of beta-D-fucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside. Beta-D-fucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. p-nitrophenyl-b-D-fucopyranoside acid phosphatase assay with pNP bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate Uses the substrate bis-para-nitrophenyl-phosphate (para-nitrophenylphosphate, 4-nitrophenyl phosphate). Under acidic conditions, acid phosphatase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. bis-para-nitrophenyl-phosphate bis-pNP-phosphate PNPP Carrine Blank para-nitrophenylphosphate bis-p-nitrophenyl-phosphate alkaline phosphatase assay Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Alkaline_phosphatase PAL An alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction (under alkaline pH conditions): A phosphate monoester + H2O <=> an alcohol + phosphate alkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase assay with pNP Carrine Blank bis-para-nitrophenyl-phosphate bis-p-nitrophenyl-phosphate PNPP bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate bis-pNP-phosphate para-nitrophenylphosphate Alkaline phosphatase assay that uses the substrate bis-para-nitrophenyl-phosphate (para-nitrophenylphosphate, 4-nitrophenyl phosphate). Under alkaline conditions, alkaline phosphatase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. PAL phosphodiesterase assay Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Phosphodiesterase p-nitrophenyl-phosphoester phosphodiesterase phosphoric monoester hydrolase test An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of phosphodiesterase - an enzyme that hydrolyzes a phosphodiester bonds (two ester bonds between a phosphate group and two carbohydrates, i.e. sugar-phosphate-sugar). EC:3.1.3 phosphonate hydrolase assay with pNP Carrine Blank OPS NPPP phenylphosphonate phosphonate monoester hydrolase p-NP-phenyl-phosphonate bis-p-nitrophenyl-phenyl-phosphonate phosphonate hydrolase Phosphonate hydrolase is an esterase that hydrolyzes a phosphonate compound (an organophosphorus compound with multiple alklyl or aryl groups). p-nitrophenyl phenyl phosphonate is a substrate (NPPP) for phosphonate hydrolase enzymes. Hydrolysis of this compound releases 4-nitrophenol (p-nitrophenol), which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. beta-glucosidase assay with pNP-lactoside p-nitrophenyl-lactoside 4-nitrophenyl-b-D-lactopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-lactoside Carrine Blank 4-nitrophenyl-b-D-lactoside An assay for the activity of beta-glucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-lactopyranoside (lactopyranoside is a disaccharide comprised of lactose, or gal-glu). Beta-glucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-lactopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-lactopyranoside phospholipase C assay bis-p-nitrophenyl-phosphoryl-choline phosphoryl choline O-(4-nitrophenylphosphoryl)choline NPPC Carrine Blank pNP-phosphoryl-choline PHC phosphorylcholine p-nitrophenyl phosphoryl choline As assay for the activity of phospholipase C (phosphorylcholine hydrolase); an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycerophosphate bond of phospholipids. Uses the substrate bis-p-nitrophenyl-phosphoryl-choline. Phospholipase C will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. arylsulfatase assay with pNC para-nitrocatechol sulphate EC:3.1.6.1 sulphatase p-nitrocatechol-sulfate pNCS para-nitrocatechol sulfate Carrine Blank 4-nitrocatechol sulphate Test for the presence of arylsulfatase (sulfatase) in a microorganism using the chromogenic substrate 4-nitrocatechol sulfate (pNCS, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl sulfate). The substrate is cleaved (via hydrolysis reaction) to form p-nitrocatechol + sulfate. p-nitrocatechol (4-nitrocatechol), under alkaline conditions, is red. A positive test is red; a negative test is yellow. p-nitrocathecol-sulfate sulfatase 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl sulfate arylsulfatase arylsulphatase 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl sulphate 4-nitrocatechol sulfate arylsulfatase assay Test for the presence of arylsulfatase (sulfatase) in a microorganism using a chromogenic substrate that contains an aryl group. Carrine Blank sulfatase assay An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of sulfatase in a microorganism using a chromogenic substrate. Sulfatases (EC 3.1.6) are esterases that catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate esters. Carrine Blank sulfatase test glucosidase assay A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of alpha-glucosidase or beta-glucosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. glucosidase Carrine Blank alpha-mannosidase assay Carrine Blank a-mannosidase AMAN alpha-mannosidase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of alpha-mannosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. amylase assay amylase test Carrine Blank amylolytic amylase An assay for the activity of amylase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. DNase assay Carrine Blank deoxyribonuclease DNase DNA hydrolysis An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of DNase activity. fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase assay A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (aldolase) using various chromogenic substrates. Catalyzes the reaction: fructose 1,6-bisphosphate <=> dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase Carrine Blank aldolase organic molecular entity metabolic assay buffered single substrate test An assay for the assimilation, fermentation, oxidation, or hydrolysis of an organic molecular entity by a microorganism. bss test bss medium Carrine Blank bss uridine phosphorylase assay An enzymatic assay which tests for the preence of uridine phosphorylase activity in a microorganism. Uridine phosphorylase catalyzes the reaction: uridine + phosphate <=> uracil + alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate uridine phosphorylase Carrine Blank esterase assay esterase A hydrolase assay for the presence of esterase activity (carboyxlic ester hydrolase activity) in a microorganism. Esterase enzymes split short-chained esters into an acid and an alcohol via a hydrolysis reaction. Carrine Blank 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase assay 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the presence of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC: 1.1.1.43) in a microorganism. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway and catalyzes the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(P) <=> 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NAD(P)H + H+ Carrine Blank maltase assay Carrine Blank Assays for the presence of maltase in a microorganism. Maltase is an alpha-glucosidase that hydrolyzes the alpha,1-4 bond in maltose (a disaccharide comprised of glucose monomers). maltase alpha-maltosidase EC:3.2.1.20 agarase assay agar hydrolysis Wikipedia:Agarase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the presence of agarase activity in a microorganism. Agarase (4-glycanohydrolase) hydrolizes alpha or beta linkages in agarose, produing oligosaccharides. Agar is a purified form of the polysaccharide agarose (a polymer of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactopyranose, linked by alpha 1->3 and beta 1-> 4 bonds). Carrine Blank hydrolysis of agar agarase beta-alanine arylamidase assay beta-alanine arylamidase Carrine Blank beta-alanine arylamidase-p-nitroanilide beta-alanine-p-nitroanilide An amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate beta-alanine-2-naphthylamide (beta-alanine beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Beta-alanine arylamidase activity (which could be from beta-alanine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. Test is also performed using beta-alanine-p-nitroanilide. Beta-alanine arylamidase activity cleaves the substrate, releasing p-nitroaniline which is bright yellow in color. A positive test is yellow; a negative test is colorless. BAlap beta-alanine arylamidase pNA b-alanine arylamidase-p-niroanilide zzzz note: nitroanilide is not naphthylamide VITEK 2 test card Carrine Blank VITEK® 2 is a fully automated system that performs bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com VITEK® is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. GN ID card Gram negative bacterial identification; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com VITEK® is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Vitek 2GN system Carrine Blank GP ID card Gram positive bacterial identification; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com VITEK® is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank YST ID card Carrine Blank Yeast identification; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com VITEK® is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. NH ID card Carrine Blank Neisseria, Haemophilus and other fastidious Gram negative bacteria identification; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com VITEK® is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. ANC ID card Carrine Blank Anaerobic bacteria and coryneform bacteria identification; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com VITEK® is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. erythritol assimilation assay i-erythritol erythrol DL-erythritol ERYa erythritol assimilation meso-erythritol erythritol Carrine Blank erythrotol mesoerythritol erythitol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate erythritol as a sole source of carbon and energy. glycerol assimilation assay Carrine Blank gkycerol GLYLa glycerol glycerol assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glycerol as a sole source of carbon and energy. glycerin glucerol hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside assimilation assay Carrine Blank arubtin arubutin ARBa p-arbutin arbutine assimilation arbutine L-arbutin arbutin assimilation 4-hydroxyphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside as a sole source of carbon and energy. rirbutin D-arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside arbutin amygdalin assimilation assay amygdaline Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate amygdalin as a sole source of carbon and energy. AMYa amygdalin Carrine Blank amygdalin assimilation D-amygdaline amygladin laetrile D-amygdalin amygdaline assimilation D-galactose assimilation assay Carrine Blank D-galactose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-galactose as a sole source of carbon and energy. dGALa D-galactose assimilation D-galatose Dgalactose Dsalactose Dgalacose gentiobiose assimilation assay gentibiose beta-gentibiose gentiobiose assimilation gentiobiose gentobiose beta-gentiobiose b-gentiobiose beta-gentobiose b-gentibiose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate gentiobiose as a sole source of carbon and energy. genitobiose GENa b-gentobiose Carrine Blank alpha-lactose assimilation assay D-lactose Carrine Blank a-D-lactose assimilation alactose Dlactose alpha-D-lactose assimilation alpha-D-lactose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate alpha-lactose as a sole source of carbon and energy. a-D-lactose a-lactose assimilation a-lactose methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside assimilation assay methyl-a-D-glycoside methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as a sole source of carbon and energy. a-methylglucoside methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside methyl-a-Dglucoside a-methyl-D-glycoside a-methyl-D-glucoside a-methyl glucoside methyl-alpha-D-glucoside assimilation methyl-a-D-glucoside assimilation methyl-alpha-D-glucoside methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside assimilation alpha-methyl glucoside methyl-a-D-glucose methyl-a-Dglucopyranoside MAdGa methyl-a-D-glucoside a-methyl-glucoside methyl-aD-glucopyranoside methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside Carrine Blank methyl-a-glucoside beta-cellobiose assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate beta-cellobiose as a sole source of carbon and energy. Dcellobiose dCELa D-cellobiose Carrine Blank Dcellubiose D-celiobiose D-cellobiose assimilation raffinose assimilation assay D-rafnose alpha-raffinose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate raffinose as a sole source of carbon and energy. raffinose D-raffinose assimilation raflinose rafnose Draffinose raffinose assimilation dRAFa Carrine Blank D-melitose L-raffinose D-raffinose beta-raffinose melezitose assimilation assay D-melezitose assimilation meleziose dMLZa Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate melezitose as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-melezitose melezitose assimilation melezitose melizitose Carrine Blank melizitol Dmelezitose a-melezitose melezitol L-sorbose assimilation assay Carrine Blank L-sorbose Lsorbose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-sorbose as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-sorbose assimilation lSBEa cis-aconitic acid assimilation assay cis-aconitate cis-aconitate assimilation cis-aconitic acid cis-aconitic acid assimilation cisaconitate Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate cis-aconitate (cis-aconitic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. xylitol assimilation assay xylitol assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate xylitol as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank XLTa xylitol D-xylitol turanose assimilation assay turanose assimilation Dturanose D-tutanose Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate turanose as a sole source of carbon and energy. dTURa turanose D-turanose D-turanose assimilation alpha,alpha-trehalose assimilation assay Carrine Blank alpha,alpha-trehalose dTREa D-tehalose D-trehalose assimilation D-trehalose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate alpha,alpha-trehalose as a sole source of carbon and energy. Dtrehalose 1-phenylethylamine fermentation assay Carrine Blank 1-phenylethylamine acidification Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment 1-phenylethylamine. 1-phenylethylamine 1-phenylethylamine fermentation alpha-D-galacturonic acid assimilation assay D-galacturonate assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-galacturonate (D-galacturonic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank D-galacturonic acid D-galacturonate D-galacturonic acid assimilation L-glutamic acid assimilation assay L-glutamic acid L-glutamate assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-glutamate (L-glutamic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. sodium L-glutamate L-glutamate lGLTa Carrine Blank D-xylose assimilation assay D-xyloze D-xylose Dxylose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-xylose as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank dXYLa D-xylose assimilation D-glucuronic acid assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-glucuronate (D-glucuronic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-glucuronate Carrine Blank D-glucuronic acid assimilation D-glucuronic acid GRTas D-glucuronate assimilation arginine decarboxylase assay arginine decarboxylase L-arginine decarboxylase Carrine Blank The purpose of this assay is to determine if a microbial isolate is capable of metabolizing arginine under anaerobic conditions. When arginine is metabolized, the pH of the medium increases due to the accumulation of CO2 and organic amines (e.g. agmatine, putrescine). This turns color of the pH indicator (e.g. bromcresol purple, cresol red) to red/orange. A positive test yields a red/orange color; a negative test is yellow. Arginine decarboxylase catalyzes the following reaction: L-arginine <=> agmatine + CO2 Wikipedia:Arginine_decarboxylase glutamyl glycyl arginine arylamidase assay An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for glutamyl glycyl arginine arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glutamyl glycyl arginine arylamidase activity (which could be from glutamyl glycyl arginine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. GGAA L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-b-naphthylamide Glu-Gly-Arg arylamidase L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank glutamyl glycyl arginine arylamidase glutamyl glycyl arginine aminopeptidase L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide L-glutamate arylamidase assay glutamate arylamidase An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-glutamate-2-naphthylamide (L-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Glutamate arylamidase activity (which could be from glutamate aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. Test is also performed using L-glutamate-p-nitroanilide. Glutamate arylamidase activity cleaves the substrate, releasing p-nitroaniline which is bright yellow in color. A positive test is yellow; a negative test is colorless. zzzz napthylamide is not nitroanilide AGLTp L-glutamate-beta-naphthylamide L-glutamate-b-naphthylamide L-glutamate arylamidase Carrine Blank L-glutamate 2-naphthylamide L-glutamic acid arylamidase L-glutamate-2-naphthylamide L-glutamyl-2-naphthylamide glutamate aminopeptidase palisade Carrine Blank palisades A multicellular prokaryotic morphological quality where cells so that their long axes are stacked parallel to one another (like in a fence). N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase assay Carrine Blank NAGA beta-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase N-acetyl-b-galactosaminidase b-N-acetylgalactosaminidase N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. beta-lactamase assay beta-lactamase b-lactamase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of beta-lactamase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. Beta-lactams have at the core of their structure cyclic amides comprised of four-membered ring where one of the atoms is N and the neighboring carbon atom is attached to oxygen via a carbonyl group. Beta lactamase hydrolyzes the beta-lactam ring, resulting in the resistance of the microorganism to beta-lactam antibiotics. Carrine Blank Wikipedia:Beta-lactamase xylanase assay A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of xylanase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. Xylanase catalyzes the hydrolysis of beta(1->4) bonds in beta-1,4-xylan polysaccharides (such as hemicellulose), producing xylose (a 5 carbon sugar). Wikipedia:Xylanase xylanase Carrine Blank N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase assay with pNP 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-galactosaminide p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide para-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-galactosaminide pNP-N-acetyl-b-d-galactosaminidase p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-D-galactosaminide An assay for the activity of N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide (p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide). N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. para-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide pNP-N-acetyl-b-d-galactosaminidase 1 Carrine Blank 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide NAGA1 galactitol assimilation assay dulcit Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate galactitol as a sole source of carbon and energy. galactitol dulciol dulcitole dulicitol meso-dulcitol dulcitol D-dulcitol dulcitol assimilation dulcital myo-inositol assimilation assay INO inosite myo-inositol Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate myo-inositol as a sole source of carbon and energy. myoinositol m-inositol myo-inositol assimilation i-inositol Carrine Blank meso-inositol myo inositol mesoinositol commercial suite of microbiological diagnostic tests Carrine Blank 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose assimilation assay PLE isomaltulose Carrine Blank palatinose assimilation palatinose LE Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose as a sole source of carbon and energy. pyruvic acid assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate pyruvate (pyruvic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. pyruvate Carrine Blank pyruvate assimilation sodium pyruvate pyruvic acid PVATE (R)-malic acid fermentation assay dMLT malate fermentation malate acidification malate D-malate fermentation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment (R)-malate or (R)-malic acid. D-malate acidification D-malic acid (R)-malate (R)-malic acid D-malate maltotriose fermentation assay Carrine Blank maltotriose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment maltotriose. maltotriose fermentation MTE maltotriose assimilation maltotriose assimilation assay MTE Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate maltotriose as a sole source of carbon and energy. maltotriose assimilation maltotriose Carrine Blank L-glutamine assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-glutamine as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. L-glutamine assimilation L-glutamine lGLM Carrine Blank lecithinase assay http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=3&brch=73&sim=974&cnt=1 lecithinase test lecithinase precipitate is formed on egg-yolk agar An enzymatic assay which tests for the ability of a microorganism to break down lecithin (a generic class fo fatty substances in animal and plant tissues, including phosphrylcholine, fatty acids, glycolipids, triglycerides and phospholipids). Measured by observing a precipitate (an opaque halo) around a microbial colony on egg yolk agar. Carrine Blank precipitate formed on egg yolk agar xylan fermentation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment xylan. oat spelt xylan xylan fermentation XYL xylan xylan acidification beta-glucosidase assay with indoxyl Carrine Blank 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-glucoside An assay for the activity of beta-glucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-glucoside. beta-Glucosidase activity will cleave the substrate, producing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl. BGLUi beta-glucuronidase assay with indoxyl BGURi An assay for the activity of beta-glucuronidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-glucuronide. Beta-glucuronidase will cleave the substrate, producing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole, which is oxidized into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-indigo, which is intensely blue. A positive result is intensely blue; a negative result is colorless. X-GLR Carrine Blank beta-galactosidase assay with indoxyl beta-galactopyranosidase indoxyl BGALi An assay for the activity of beta-galactosidase in a microorganism. An assay for beta-galactosidase activity using X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside). Beta-galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole, which is oxidized into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-indigo, which is intensely blue. A positive result is intensely blue; a negative result is colorless. Carrine Blank alpha-galactosidase assay with indoxyl 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-galactoside Carrine Blank AGALi An assay for the activity of alpha-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-galactoside. Alpha-galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole, which is oxidized into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-indigo, which is intensely blue. A positive result is intensely blue; a negative result is colorless. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase assay with indoxyl 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-N-acetyl-glucosamine BNAGi An assay for the activity of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-N-acetyl-glucosamine. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase will cleave the substrate, producing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole, which is oxidized into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-indigo, which is intensely blue. A positive result is intensely blue; a negative result is colorless. Carrine Blank alpha-mannosidase assay with indoxyl 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-mannoside AMANi An assay for the activity of alpha-mannosidase in a microorganism. An assay for alpha-mannosidase activity using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-mannoside. Alpha-mannosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole, which is oxidized into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-indigo, which is intensely blue. A positive result is intensely blue; a negative result is colorless. Carrine Blank lactic acid assimilation assay DL-lactate D,L-iactate lactate both L- and D-lactate lactic acid lactic acid assimilation D,L-lactate DL-lactate assimilation D- and L-lactic acid DLLactate LATa DL-lactic acid D- or L-lactate D,L-lactic acid lactate assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate lactate (lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, DL-lactate) as a sole source of carbon and energy. DL-iactate Carrine Blank lactic acids LAT D-fructose assimilation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-fructose as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-fructose assimilation D-fructose inulin fermentation assay inulin fermentation inulin chicory inulin D-inulin inuline Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment inulin. inulin acidification INU denitrification assay http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/laboratory-test/3660-nitrate-and-nitrite-reduction-test-protocols Carrine Blank A test or series of tests for enzymes in the denitrification pathway. Nitrate (NO3-) may be reduced to nitrite (NO2-) and then to nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen (N2), or ammonia. nitrite reduction assay nitrite reduction Test for the presence of nitrite reductase in a microbial culture. Nitrite reacts with sulfanilic acid under acidic conditions (5N acetic acid) to produce (colorless) diazotized sulfanilic acid. This sulfanilic acid is then reacted to (colorless) alpha-naphthylamine (or N,N-dimethyl-alpha-naphthylamine) producing a red water soluble azo dye (p-sulfobenzene-azo alpha-naphthylamine). Presence of nitrite then results in a pink/red color (a negative test result). Carrine Blank NO2 nitrogen production from nitrate assay Carrine Blank nitrogen production from nitrate Test for the presence of nitrite reductase in a microbial culture. Complete nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas will result in the production of gas bubbles. Ellmans assay Carrine Blank Ellman An assay for measuring the presence of low molecular weight thiols (such as glutatione) in liquid solutions, blood, or microbiological cultures. Uses Ellman's reagent (5-5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid); DTNB) - a chromogenic agent containing a disulfide bond. The substrate reacts with small molecule thiols (e.g. glutathione) and reduce the disulfide bonds, releasing 3-thio-6-nitrobenzoate. At neutral or alkaline pH the product spontaneously ionizes, resulting in a yellow color. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. ELLM Wikipedia:Ellman's_reagent Ellman's reagent Ellman's assay alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase assay alpha-arabinosidase An L-arabinofuranosidase assay for the activity of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates which carries out the hydrolysis of terminal alpha-L-arabinoside residues in alpha-L-arabinosides. Carrine Blank alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase a-arabinosidase alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase Wikipedia:Alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase AARAF phosphonate hydrolase assay Dotson,S.B., Smith,C.E., Ling,C.S., Barry,G.F. and Kishore,G.M. (1996) Identification, characterization, and cloning of a phosphonate monoester hydrolase from Burkholderia caryophilli PG2982. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (42), 25754-25761. phenylphosphonate Carrine Blank Phosphonate hydrolase is an esterase that hydrolyzes a phosphonate compound (an organophosphorus compound with multiple alklyl or aryl groups). Assays for the presence of this enzyme using various chromogenic substrates. OPS cyclodextrin fermentation assay cyclodextrin acidification cyclodextrin Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment cyclodextrin (a family of cyclic oligosaccharides) that are intermediates in the breakdown of starch. Carrine Blank cyclo-dextrin CDEX cyclodextrine cyclodextrin fermentation cyclodextrins putrescine assimilation assay putrescine assimilation putrescine Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate putrescine as a sole source of carbon and energy. PSCNa Carrine Blank pyruvic acid fermentation assay pyruvate acidification pyruvate Carrine Blank pyruvic acid Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment pyruvate (pyruvic acid). pyruvate fermentation PVATE sodium pyruvate kanamycin resistance assay kanamycin resistance KAN An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of kanamycin. Carrine Blank oleandomycin resistance assay An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of oleandomycin. Carrine Blank OLD oleandomycin resistance polymixin B resistance assay POLYB_R POLYB An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of polymixin B. Carrine Blank polymixin B resistance O/129 resistance assay Carrine Blank O/129 resistance An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of O/129 (vibriostatic agent, 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine). O129R coumaric acid fermentation assay Carrine Blank An assay for the ability of an organism to ferment coumarate (coumaric acid). CMT coumaric acid courmarate phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C assay Carrine Blank As assay for the activity of phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C; an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphatidylinositol into inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol. Assay is made using various chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates. PIPLC bacitracin resistance assay An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of bacitracin. BACI Carrine Blank bacitracin sensitivity testing Taxos A optochin resistance assay OPTO Taxos P optochin sensitivity testing Carrine Blank An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of optochin (ethylhydrocupreine). methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside fermentation assay methyl-beta-Dglucopyranoside methyl-beta-D-glucoside methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside 1-O-methyl-b-D-glucopyranoside methyl-beta-glucoside beta-methyl-D-glucoside methyl-b-D-glucopyranoside methyl-b-D-glucopyranoside fermentation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. methyl-beta-D-glucose methyl-b-D-glucopyranoside acidification methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside fermentation Carrine Blank methyl-beta-Dglucoside methyl-D-glucoside methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside acidification 1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside MBdG pullulan fermentation assay PUL Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment pullulan (a polysaccharide polymer of maltotriose subunits). pullulan fermentation pullulan acidification Carrine Blank pullan pullulan arginase assay arginine argiamidase ADH2s Amino acid metabolism assay which tests for the presence of arginase (arginine amidinase; canavanase; L-arginase; arginine transamidinase; arginine argiamidase) in a microorganism. When arginine is metabolized, urea is produced. Urea reacts with the colorometric substrates (o-phthalaldehyde and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine) resulting in a colored pigment whose adsorption is measured at 430 nm. A positive test yields a red/orange color; a negative test is yellow. Arginase catalyzes the reaction: L-arginine + H2O <=> L-ornithine + urea Zawada RJX, Kwan P, Olszewski KL, Llinas M & Huang S-G. 2009. Quantitative determination of urea concentrations in cell culture medium. Biochem Cell Biol 87(3):541-544. ADH1 ARG arginine dihydrolase 2 Carrine Blank BCL ID card Bacillus identification; http://www.biomerieux-usa.com VITEK® is a registered trademark belonging to bioMerieux SA or one of its subsidiaries. Carrine Blank salinity growth assay Carrine Blank An assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow (i.e. undergo cell division) in microbiological culture medium that has various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). growth in 6.5% NaCl assay 6.5 An assay for the ability to grow in the presence of 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl). Carrine Blank NaCl 6.5% NC6.5 organic acid alkalinization assay Carrine Blank Organic carbon metabolism assay where the ability of a microorganism to increase the pH of the medium as the result of the utlization/metabolism of organic acids (carboxylic acid anions) is assayed. coagulase activity Wikipedia: Coagulase Coagulase is a protein enzyme produced by several microorganisms that enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. In the laboratory, it is used to distinguish between different types of Staphylococcus isolates. Importantly, S. aureus is generally coagulase-positive, meaning that coagulase negativity usually excludes S. aureus. However it is now known that not all S. aureus are coagulase-positive.[1] [2] It is also produced by Yersinia pestis.[3] Coagulase reacts with prothrombin in the blood. The resulting complex is called staphylothrombin, which enables the enzyme protease to convert fibrinogen, a plasma protein produced by the liver, to fibrin. This results in clotting of the blood. Coagulase is tightly bound to the surface of the bacterium S. aureus and can coat its surface with fibrin upon contact with blood. The fibrin clot may protect the bacterium from phagocytosis and isolate it from other defenses of the host.[4] It has been proposed that fibrin-coated staphylococci resist phagocytosis, making the bacteria more virulent. Bound coagulase is part of the larger family of MSCRAMM. Carrine Blank Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, where the polypeptide chain is prothrombin. succinate alkalinization assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate succinate (succinic acid) as a sole source of carbon. Assimilation of succinate results in an increase in pH (alkalinization) as a result of decarboxylation of succinate into propionate and CO2 via succinate decarboxylase. Involves the following enzymes: Succinate-CoA ligase (succinate + CoA + NTP = NDP+ Pi + succinyl-CoA) Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (succinyl-CoA = methylmalonyl-CoA) Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (methylmalonyl-CoA + Pi + ADP = CO2 + ATP + propanoyl-CoA) Carrine Blank Macy JM, Ljungdahl LG, Gottschalk G. 1978. Pathway of succinate and propionate formation in Bacteroides fragilis. J Bact 134(1):84-91. SUCT succinate alkalinization succinate alkalinisation benzidine assay An assay for the presence of iron-phorphyrin compounds in a microorganism or cell culture. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iron-porphyrins, benzidine (4,4'-diaminobiphenyl) forms quinoidic rings (6 membered rings with double bonds) that impart a blue color. Benzidine and other aromatic amine dyes are no longer used because they are carcinogenic. Deibel RH & Evans JB. 1960. Modified benzidine test for the detection of cytochrome-containing respiratory systems in microorganisms. J Bacteroil 79(3):356-360. Carrine Blank bi-polar Gram stain outcome bipolar staining bi-polar Gram stain A phenomenon in Gram staining where the ends of some rods or bacilli stain very little in the center, staining preferentially at the ends of the cells. Bipolar staining is common in enteric Gram-negative bacilli, and can make rods falsely appear to be diplococci. Carrine Blank bi-polar staining chondroitin sulfatase assay chondroitin sulfatase Carrine Blank chondroitinase N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase test An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of chondroitin sulfatase (N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase) in a microorganism. Catalyzes the (hydrolysis) reaction of removing 6-sulfate groups from N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate subunits of the polymer chondroitin sulfate. Also catalyzes the reaction of removing sulfate from D-galactose 6-sulfate groups from keratan sulfate. [chondroitin]-6-O-sulfo-N-acetylgalactosamine + H2O = [chondroitin]-N-acetyl-galactosamine + SO42- + H+ litmus milk assay A milk reactivity assay using to distinguish species of bacteria based on the increase or decrease of pH, protein degradation or denaturation, or lactose fermentation. Contains skim milk powder (which contains lactose and casein) and a pH indictor (litmus). Reactions: Blue color - indicates an alkaline pH (decreased acidity) Red color - indicates acidic pH due to fermentation of lactose (increased acidity) Clearing - indicates peptonization (dissolution of protein due to production of proteases; protein catabolic process) White precipitate (curd formation, clot formation) at the bottom of the tube - indicates milk coagulation (casein denaturation) Gas formation - indicates fermentation resulting in gas production This test yields a complex variation of results, and therefore is not very reliable. Best used as a confirmatory test, not as a diagnostic test. milk is acidified Carrine Blank litmus milk differentiated heteropolar trichome Filament differentiation quality of heteropolar trichomes with respect to the shape of the trichome. Carrine Blank milk coagulation upon boiling assay coagulates immediately on boiling A milk reactivity assay which is used to determine if microorganisms produce acid when grown on milk. Milk (containing whey and casein) does not normally coagulate upon heating or boiling, however if acid (as a result of microbial fermentation) is present the casein will denature and curdle (i.e. coagulate). milk coagulates promptly on boiling Sommer HH, Hart EB. 1919. The heat coagulation of milk. J Biol Chem 40:137-151. From Summary and Conclusions: The main factor in the heat coagulation of fresh milk is the composition of the milk salts. Apparently casein requires a definite optimum calcium content for its maximum stability. the calcium content of casein is largley controlled by the magnesium, citrates, and phosphates present. Acid fermentation in milk lowers the coaguating point by changing the reaction and by lowering the citric acid content. coagulates promptly on boiling Carrine Blank collagenase assay Carrine Blank An assay for the ability of a microorganism to make collagenase. Collagenase ia a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in collagen (a protein in connective tissues of animals). Are secreted enzymes by some pathogens. L-cysteine arylamidase assay Carrine Blank L-cysteine arylamidase DL-cysteine-beta-naphthylamide cysteine aminopeptidase L-cysteine aminopeptidase L-cysteine-b-naphthylamide L-cysteine-2-naphthylamide cysteine arylamidase An alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate L-cysteine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Cysteine arylamidase activity (which could be from cysteine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. phenylalanine deaminase assay phenylalanine deaminase Is an assay for the presence of phenylalanine deaminase activity in a microorganism. Uses phenylalanine agar which contains DL-phenylalanine and ferric chloride. If phenylpyruvic acid is produced, the ferric chloride will turn green. A posivite test is dark green; a negative test is straw in color. L-phenylalanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity catalyzes the following: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate (phenylpyruvic acid) + L-glutamate phenylalanine dehydrogenase deamination of phenylalanine phenylalanine deamination Carrine Blank cellulase assay A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the ability of an organism to utilize/breakdown cellulose. Typically involves synergistic activity of many different types of endo- and exo-cellulases. Carrine Blank endo-cellulase assay An assay for the ability of an organism to break down cellulose, or other beta-D-glucans. Cellulase (endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanose, beta-1,4-glucanse, beta-1,4-endoglucan hydrolase, celludextrinase, endoglucanase D) is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of beta 1,4 linkages in cellulose, licenin, and cereal beta-D-glucans. Carrine Blank EC:3.2.1.4 endo-cellulase activity endo-cellulase exo-cellulase assay 4-methylumbelliferylcellobiopyranoside cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase Carrine Blank 4-methylumbelliferyl-cellobiopyranoside exo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase 1,4-beta-bellobiohydrolase Test for the presence of exocellulase. Exocellulase is a hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves two or four units from the ends of exposed chains of beta-D-glucan (such as cellulose). Uses 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Results in the formation of tetra-, or di-saccharides and 4-methylumbelliferone. fucosidase assay A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of alpha-fucosidase or beta-fucosidase in a microorganism using various chromogenic substrates. Carrine Blank fucosidase fibrinolysis assay Carrine Blank An assay for the presence of an enzyme in a microorganism that can degrade fibrin ( a protein found in blood clots). fibrinolytic activity Wikipedia: Fibrinolysis Fibrinolysis is a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic.[1] This process has two types: primary fibrinolysis and secondary fibrinolysis. The primary type is a normal body process, whereas secondary fibrinolysis is the breakdown of clots due to a medicine, a medical disorder, or some other cause.[1] In fibrinolysis, a fibrin clot, the product of coagulation, is broken down.[2] Its main enzyme plasmin cuts the fibrin mesh at various places, leading to the production of circulating fragments that are cleared by other proteases or by the kidney and liver. fibrinogenolysis assay An assay for the presence of an enzyme in a microorganism that can degrade fibrinogen (a protein which is required for blood clot formation). fibrinogenolytic activity Carrine Blank Wikipedia: Fibrinogenolysis Primary fibrinogenolysis is a medical condition that appears with abnormal production of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP), degradation of coagulation factors V, VIII, IX, XI and/or degradation of the fibrin present in any pre-existing localized thrombi and hemostatic clots.[1][2] glutamyl glycine arylamidase assay glutamyl glycine arylamidase glutamyl glycine aminopeptidase An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for glutamyl glycine arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate L-glutamyl-glycine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glutamyl glycine arylamidase activity (which could be from glutamyl glycine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. Carrine Blank glycyl tryptophan arylamidase assay GTA Carrine Blank glycyl tryptophan aminopeptidase glycyl tryptophan arylamidase An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for glycyl tryptophan arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate glycyl-L-tryptophan-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glycyl tryptophan arylamidase activity (which could be from glycyl tryptophan aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. glycyl glycine arylamidase assay glycyl-glycyl-2-naphthylamide Carrine Blank glycyl-glycyl-beta-naphthylamide glycyl-glycyl-b-naphthylamide glycyl glycine arylamidase glycyl glycine aminopeptidase An amino acid arylamidase assay that assays for glycyl glycine arylamidase activity. Uses the substrate glycyl-glycine-2-naphthylamide at pH 7.5. Glycyl glycine arylamidase activity (which could be from glycyl glycine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. oxidative-fermentative assay http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3151-oxidative-fermentative-test-protocol O/F test Hugh-Leifson test Assay to determine how a microorganism metabolizes glucose, and uses Hugh and Leifson's OF basal medium. Allows for the distinguishing of microorganisms that can ferment glucose anaerobically versus those that metabolize it aerobically (i.e. oxidatively). Organisms that can't metabolize the glucose are consitered to be nonsaccharolytic. The medium contains glucose, agar, with smaller amounts of potassium phosphate, peptone and sodium chloride. It also contains a pH indicator (such as bromthymol blue, which is yellow below pH 6.0 and blue above pH 7.6). The medium is inoculated by stabbing a culture with an inoculating needle half way to the bottom of two test tubes. In one tube, mineral oil is layered onto the agar to prevent oxygen from diffusing down into the culture medium. The culture is incubated. Fermentation of the carbohydrate in the anaerobic tube (and perhaps the aerobic tube) results in a yellow color due to the production of acid. Non-fermenting bacteria can metabolize the glucose aerobically. This is seen as the production of acid in the aerobic tube, but not in the anaerobic tube. Acid production in the aerobic tube should be near the top of the tube. Non-saccharolytic bacteria will result in a negative test - there will be no color change in either tube. In some cases a blue color may be seen in the top layer of the aerobic tube due to an increase in pH caused by the deamination of peptides in the peptone. Instead of glucose, other carbohydrates can be used. Carrine Blank O-F test hyaluronidase assay hyaluronidase hyaluronoglucosaminidase hyaluronoglucosidase chondroitinase Carrine Blank An enzymatic assay which tests for the ability of a microorganism to produce hyaluronidase, and can therefore degrade (hydrolyze) hyaluronic acid (an anionic glycosaminoglycan, found in animal tissues). Assay is performed by adding an acidic albumin solution (pH 3.75 or 4.2). Undegraded hyaluronic acid will become turbid under these conditions, and the turbidity can be measured at 540 or 600 nm using an standard curve of hyaluronic acid that has been dissolved by boiling. EC 3.2.1.35 bathochromic shift assay bathochromic shift KOH test turns red upon addition of 20% KOH Carrine Blank A microbiological diagnostic assay for the presence of flexirubin-type pigments. Upon flooding a colony with 20% KOH, a bathochromic shift (a shift in the absorbance of a compound) occurs resulting in the yellow (or orange) flexirubin pigment turning red/brown/purple. When flooded with an acidic solution, the color will revert back to the original color. Reichenbach, H. 1989. Order I: Cytophagales Leadbetter 1974. In: J. T. Staley, M. P. Bryant, N. Pfennig, and J. G. Holt (Eds.) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore, MD. 3:2011–2013. lysine iron agar From: Lysine Iron Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Lysine Iron Agar is used for the differentiation of enteric organisms based on their ability to decarboxylate or deaminate lysine and to form hydrogen sulfide. Principles of the Procedure Dextrose serves as a source of fermentable carbohydrate. The pH indicator, bromcresol purple, is changed to a yellow color at or below pH 5.2 and is purple at or above pH 6.8.8 Ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate are indicators of hydrogen sulfide formation. Lysine is the substrate for use in detecting the enzymes, lysine decarboxylase and lysine deaminase. Cultures of enteric bacilli that produce hydrogen sulfide cause blackening of the medium due to the production of ferrous sulfides. Those that produce lysine decarboxylase produce an alkaline reaction (purple color) or neutral reaction in the butt of the medium. Organisms that deaminate the lysine cause the development of a red slant over an acid butt. Gas may be formed but its formation is often irregular or suppressed. Formulae Difco™ Lysine Iron Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Peptone....................................................................... 5.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 3.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g L-Lysine HCl............................................................... 10.0 g Ferric Ammonium Citrate............................................. 0.5 g Sodium Thiosulfate...................................................... 0.04 g Bromcresol Purple........................................................ 0.02 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 6.7 ± 0.2 BBL™ Lysine Iron Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Gelatin......................................... 5.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 3.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g L-Lysine...................................................................... 10.0 g Ferric Ammonium Citrate............................................. 0.5 g Sodium Thiosulfate...................................................... 0.04 g Bromcresol Purple........................................................ 0.02 g Agar.......................................................................... 13.5 g pH 6.7 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptones, yeast extract, glucose, L-lysine, ferric iron, thiosulfate, and a pH indicator (bromcresol purple). Lysine decarboxylation (an anaerobic process) that occurrs in the butt of the culture tube. Decarboxylation causes the color indicator (bromcresol purple) to turn purple due to the production of amines at the bottom of the tube. Posivite lysine decarboxylation: purple tube butt; negative reaction: yellow tube butt. Lysine deamination (an aerobic process) results in the production of ammonia throughout the slant, which will result in an overall red color (due to the reaction of ammonia with ferric ammonium citrate). Positive lysine deamination: red throughout the slant; negative reaction: purple slant. Hydrogen sulfide formation (from thiosulfate reduction) results in the presence of a black precipitate. Positive hydrogen sulfide: black precipitate; negative rection: no precipitate. pectinase assay pectinase pectinase test Carrine Blank An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of pectinase in a microorganism. Pectinase is a hydrolase enzyme that degrades pectin, a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants. Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide comprised mostly of galacturonic acid. lysine deaminase assay lysine deaminase It is not clear which enzyme is being referred to as "lysine deaminase"; here is no such enzyme in GenBank. A putative enzyme in MetaCyc include D-lysine oxidase (studied in Pseudomonas), however the homologs in other Enterobacteriaceae have not been defined. In addition, the distribution of putative orthologs of D-lysine oxidase appear to have a different taxonomic distribution than reported lysine deaminase activity. Another putative enzyme is Lysine dehydrogenase, however homologs in the Enterobacteriaceae are only found in the genomes of Photorhabdus and Yersinia. Another putative enzymatic pathway includes the degradation of lysine to 5-amiopentanamide and 5-aminopentanoate via the enzymes L-lysine monooxygenase and delta-aminovaleramidase. However these enzymes appear to be widely spread in the Enterobacteriaceae, including those that are negative for lysine deaminase activity. Carrine Blank Test for the ability of a microorganism to deaminate lysine. Lysine deamination is an aerobic process. malate dehydrogenase assay malate dehydrogenase Carrine Blank An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of malate dehydrogenase in a microorganism. MDH methyl alpha-D-mannoside assimilation assay methyl-a-Dmannopyranoside methyl a-D-mannoside methyl-D-mannopyranoside a-methyl-D-mannose glycosides methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside methyl-a-D-mannotpyranside methyl-aD-mannopyranoside Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate methyl alpha-D-mannoside as a sole source of carbon and energy. methyl a-D-mannopyranoside alpha-methylmannoside a-methyl-D-mannose Carrine Blank a-methyl-D-mannopyranside methy a-d-mannopyranoside a-methylmannoside assimilation methyl-alpha-D-mannoside methyl a-D-mannopyranoside assimilation methyl-D-mannoside methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside assimilation methyl-a-mannoside a-methyl-mannoside alpha-methylmannoside assimilation methyl-a-Dmannoside methyl-a-D-mannose methyl alpha-D-mannoside assimilation methyl a-D-mannoside assimilation a-methyl-D-mannoside methyl-a-D-mannopyranoside a-methylmannoside methyl-a-D-mannoside methyl alpha-D-mannoside methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside assimilation assay methyl-D-xyloside b-methylxyloside Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside as a sole source of carbon and energy. methyl b-D-xyloside assimilation D-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside b-methylxyloside assimilation methyl beta-D-xyloside assimilation beta-methylxyloside methyl-D-xylopyranoside methyl b-D-xylopyranoside methyl-beta-D-xylopyrnaoside Carrine Blank methyl-beta-Dxylopyranoside methyl-beta-D-xyloside methyl-beta-D-xylopyranside methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside assimilation beta-methylxyloside assimilation methyl b-D-xylopyranoside assimilation methyl b-D-xyloside methyl beta-D-xyloside methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside methyl-beta-D-xylose methyl-beta-Dxyloside methyl-betaD-xylopyranoside beta-methyl-D-xyloside beta-methyl-D-xylose alpha-amino acid arylamidase assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to hydrolyze alpha-amino acid substrates coordinated with a beta-naphthylamide (2-naphthylamide) moiety. Arylamidases are classes of enzymes with the ability to hydrolyze amino acid-beta-naphtylamide substrates. Sheahan JP, Eitenmiller RR, & Carpenter JA. 1975. Arylamidase activity of Salmonella species. Appl Microbiol 29(6):726-728. Carrine Blank phosphogluconate dehydrogenase assay An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in a microorganism. Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase, gluconate 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 2-keto-6-phosphogluconate reductase) catalyzes the following reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(P) <=> 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NAD(P)H + H+ phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Carrine Blank N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase assay N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase Carrine Blank N-acetylglucosamine phosphate An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase in a microorganism. N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase catalyzes the following reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O <=> D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate pyruvate decarboxylase assay pyruvate decarboxylase An enzymatic assay which tests for the presence of pyruvate decarboxylase in a microorganism. Pyruvate decarboxylase (also known as alpha-carboxylase, pyruvic decarboxylase, alpha-ketoacid carboxylase, 2-oxo-acid carboxy-lyase) catalyzes the following reactions: a 2-oxo acid <=> an aldehyde + CO2 Pyruvate <=> acetaldehyde + CO2 Pyruvate + thiamine diphosphate <=> 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate + CO2 Acetaldehde + thiamine diphosphate <=> 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate Carrine Blank tetrathionate reductase assay Carrine Blank EC:1.97.1.- TRD TET An assay for the presence of tetrathionate reductase in a microorganism. Tetrathionate reductase carries out the following set of reactions: tetrathionate + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 2 thiosulfate + an oxidized electron acceptor Tetrationate reduction generates acid, and therefore the pH drops. Some tests look for acid production in the presence of tetrathionate. aliphatic thiol non-septate filament coenocytic Carrine Blank Filament septation, where septa separating the individual cells that make up the filament are lacking or are incomplete. non-septate alpha-cyclodextrin assimilation assay a-cyclodextrin acyclodextrin alphacyclodextrin Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate alpha-cyclodextrin as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank cyclodextrin assimilation alpha-cyclodextrin assimilation alpha-cyclodextrin cyclodextrin a-cyclodextrin assimilation dextrin assimilation assay dextrin dex trin dextrin assimilation dexrin dextrin crystals Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate dextrin as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank polysorbate 40 assimilation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate polysorbate 40 as a sole source of carbon and energy. Tween 40 assimilation polysorbate 40 polysorbate 40 assimilation Tween 40 polysorbate 80 assimilation assay Tween 80 assimilation Tween 80 polysorbate 80 Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate polysorbate 80 as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank polysorbate 80 assimilation N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine assimilation assay N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine as a sole source of carbon and energy. ribitol assimilation assay adonitol adonite ribitol adonitol assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate ribitol as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank ribitol assimilation adoniol D-arabinitol assimilation assay D-arabito D-arabitol assimilation D-arabinitol assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-arabinitol as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-arabinol Darabitol Carrine Blank D-arabitol D-arabinitol lactulose assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate lactulose as a sole source of carbon and energy. lactulose assimilation Carrine Blank lactulose methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside assimilation assay methyl-b-D-glucopyranoside beta-methyl-D-glucoside assimilation methyl-b-D-glucopyranoside assimilation methyl-beta-D-glucoside Carrine Blank b-methyl-D-glucoside methyl-D-glucoside b-methyl-D-glucoside assimilation methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside assimilation methyl-beta-D-glucose 1-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as a sole source of carbon and energy. methyl-beta-glucoside methyl-beta-Dglucoside methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside beta-methyl-D-glucoside D-psicose assimilation assay D-psicose D-psicose assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-psicose as a sole source of carbon and energy. DSMZ Medium 9.1 DSMZ Medium 9.1 -< for DSM 111163 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium9.pdf 9. VY/2 AGAR Baker's yeast 5.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.36 g Vitamin B12 0.50 mg Agar (Difco) 15.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Sterilize vitamin B12 separately by filtration. Prepare and store yeast cells as autoclaved stock suspension (5 g baker's yeast/100 ml distilled water, adjust pH to 6.5 and autoclave). Adjust pH of medium to 7.2 with KOH before, and after autoclaving and cooling to 50˚C (use pH-indicator paper). For suspension of freeze-dried cells from ampoules add about 0.5 - 1.0 ml medium MD1 (per liter: casiton 3.0 g; calciumchloride dihydrate 0.7 g; magnesiumsulphate heptahydrate 2.0 g) to the vial with freeze dried material. For DSM 11116 reduce amount of vitamin B12 to 0.05 mg/l. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 9, except the concentration of cobalamin is decreased. Carrine Blank DSM 11116 is Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens monomethyl succinate assimilation assay succinic acid mono-methyl-ester succinic acid mono-methyl ester assimilation succinic acid mono methyl ester succinic acid mono-methylester Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate monomethyl succinate as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank monomethyl succinate monomethyl succinate assimilation succinic acid mono-methyl ester formic acid assimilation assay formic acid assimilation sodium formate formic acid Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate formate (formic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. formate assimilation formate Carrine Blank D-galactonolactone assimilation assay D-galactono-1,4-lactone Carrine Blank D-galactonic acid lactone assimilation D-galactonic acid gamma-lactone Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-galactono-1,4-lactone or D-galactono-1,5-lactone as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-galactonic acid gamma-lactone assimilation D-galactono-1,4-lactone assimilation D-galactonic acid lactone 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid assimilation assay D-glucosaminic acid D-glucosaminate assimilation glucosaminate 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid glucosaminic acid Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. glucosaminic acid assimilation 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gluconate Carrine Blank D-glucosaminic acid assimilation D-glucosaminate glucosaminate assimilation 2-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation assay Carrine Blank 2-hydroxybutyrate 2-hydroxybutyrate assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 2-hydroxybutyrate (2-hydroxybutyric acid, alpha-hydroxybutyric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. 2-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation a-hydroxybutyric acid alpha-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation a-hydroxy-butyric acid a-hydroxybutyrate alpha-hydroxybutyrate 2-hydroxybutyric acid alpha-hydroxybutyric acid ahydroxybutyric acid alpha-hydroxybutyrate assimilation 4-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation assay g-hydroxybutyric acid g-hydroxybutyrate gamma-hydroxybutyrate 4-hydroxybutyrate assimilation gamma-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation gamma-hydroxybutyric acid gamma-hydroxybutyric acids 4-hydroxybutyric acid assimilation 4-hydroxybutyric acid g-hydroxy butyric acid gamma-hydroxybutyrate assimilation 4-hydroxybutyrate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 4-hydroxybutyrate (4-hydroxybutyric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank p-hydroxyphenylacetate assimilation p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid assimilation 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid p-hydroxyphenylacetate p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid p-hydroxy-phenylactic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetate assimilation p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid assimilation 2-oxobutanoic acid assimilation assay a-ketobutyric acid a-ketobutyric acid assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 2-oxobutanoate (2-oxobutanoic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. alpha-ketobutyric acid assimilation 2-ketobutyric acid assimilation 2-ketobutyrate assimilation a-ketobutyrate assimilation alpha-ketobutyrate a-keto-butyric acid a-ketobutyrate alpha-ketobutyric acid alpha-ketobutyrate assimilation Carrine Blank 2-oxobutanoate 2-oxobutanoic acid 2-ketobutyrate 2-ketobutyric acid 2-oxoglutaric acid assimilation assay alpha-ketoglutaric acid alpha-ketoglutarate assimilation 2-ketoglutaric acid assimilation a-keto-glutaric acid a-ketoglutaric acid 2-oxoglutaric acid 2-oxoglutarate Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 2-oxoglutaric acid (2-oxoglutarate) as a sole source of carbon and energy. alpha-ketoglutarate 2-ketoglutaric acid 2-ketoglutarate a-ketoglutarate assimilation a-ketoglutaric acid assimilation 2-ketoglutarate assimilation a-ketoglutarate alpha-ketoglutaric acid assimilation sodium a-ketoglutarate 2-oxopentanoic acid assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 2-oxopentanoate (2-oxopentanoic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. alpha-ketovalerate 2-oxopentanoate assimilation alpha-ketovaleric acid assimilation a-ketovalerate 2-oxopentanoic acid assimilation 2-ketovalerate a-ketovalerate assimilation a-ketovaleric acid assimilation alpha-ketovaleric acid a-ketovaleric acid 2-oxopentanoic acid 2-oxopentanoate alpha-ketovalerate assimilation Carrine Blank quinic acid assimilation assay quinic acid quinic acid assimilation quinate quinate assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate quinate (quinic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank D-glucaric acid assimilation assay D-glucaric acid assimilation D-saccharic acid Carrine Blank D-glucarate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-glucarate (D-glucaric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-saccharate D-glucaric acid D-glucarate assimilation sebacic acid assimilation assay Carrine Blank sebacic acid decanedioic acid sebacate 1,8-octanedicarboxylic acid sebacic acid assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate sebacate (sebacic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. sebacate assimilation bromosuccinic acid assimilation assay bromosuccinate Carrine Blank bromosuccinic acid bromosuccinate assimilation bromosuccinic acid assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate bromosuccinate (bromosuccinic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. succinamic acid assimilation assay succinamic acid Carrine Blank succinamate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate succinamic acid as a sole source of carbon and energy. succinamate assimilation succinamic acid assimilation beta-D-glucuronamide assimilation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glucuronamide (beta-D-glucuronamide) as a sole source of carbon and energy. glucuronamide beta-D-glucuronamide glucuronamide assimilation L-alaninamide assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-alaninamide as a sole source of carbon and energy. alaninamide L-alaninamide L-alaninamide assimilation Carrine Blank alaninamide assimilation D-alanine assimilation assay D-alanine assimilation D-alanine Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-alanine as a sole source of carbon and energy. Ala-Gly assimilation assay Ala-Gly L-alanyl-glycine assimilation L-Ala-Gly L-alanyl-glycine Ala-Gly assimilation alanyl-glycine alanyl glycine assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-alanyl-glycine as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank L-asparagine assimilation assay L-asparagine L-asparagine assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-asparagine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-aspartic acid assimilation assay L-aspartic acid L-aspartate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-aspartate (L-aspartic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-asparatate sodium L-aspartate Carrine Blank L-aspartate assimilation L-aspartic acid assimilation Gly-Asp assimilation assay glycyl-L-aspartic acid Gly-Asp assimilation Gly-Asp glycyl-L-aspartic acid assimilation glycyl aspartate assimilation glycyl-L-aspartate assimilation glycyl aspartic acid glycyl aspartate glycyl-L-aspartate glycyl aspartic acid assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glycyl-L-aspartate (glycyl-L-aspartic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Gly-Glu assimilation assay glycyl L-glutamic acid glycyl glutamic acid glycyl glutamate Carrine Blank glycyl glutamate assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glycyl-L-glutamate (glycyl-L-glutamic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. glycyl-L-glutamic acid assimilation glycyl-L-glutamate assimilation glycyl-L-glutamic acid Gly-Glu assimilation glycyl-L-glutamate Gly-Glu glycyl L-glutamate glycyl glutamic acid assimilation hydroxyproline assimilation assay hydroxyproline L-hydroxyproline hydroxy-L-proline hydroxyproline assimilation L-hydroxyproline assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate hydroxyproline as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-leucine assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-leucine as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank L-leucine L-leucine assimilation L-ornithine assimilation assay L-ornithine Carrine Blank L-ornithine assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-ornithine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-phenylalanine assimilation assay Carrine Blank L-phenylalanine assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-phenylalanine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-phenylalanine 5-oxoproline assimilation assay L-pyroglutamate 5-oxoprolinate L-pyroglutamic acid pyroglutamic acid Carrine Blank 5-oxoproline L-pyroglutamate assimilation pyroglutamate L-pyroglutamatic acid assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 5-oxoprolinate (5-oxoproline) as a sole source of carbon and energy. pyrrolidonyl D-serine assimilation assay D-serine assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-serine as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-serine L-threonine assimilation assay L-threonine assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-threonine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-threonine Carrine Blank carnitine assimilation assay DL-carnitine Carrine Blank D,L-carnitine DL-carnitine assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D,L-carnitine as a sole source of carbon and energy. carnitine assimilation carnitine gamma-aminobutyric acid assimilation assay gamma-aminobutyric acid assimilation 4-aminobutyric acid assimilation g-aminobutyrate 4-aminobutyric acid g-aminobutyrate assimilation 4-aminobutyrate assimilation g-aminobutyric acid Carrine Blank 4-aminobutyrate gamma-aminobutyrate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate gamma-aminobutyrate (gamma-aminobutyric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. gamma-aminobutyrate assimilation gamma-aminobutyric acid g-aminobutyric acid assimilation urocanic acid assimilation assay urocanate assimilation urocanate urocanic acid assimilation urocanic acid Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate urocanate (urocanic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. inosine assimilation assay inosine assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate inosine as a sole source of carbon and energy. inosine Carrine Blank uridine assimilation assay uridine assimilation Carrine Blank uridine Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate uridine as a sole source of carbon and energy. thymidine assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate thymidine as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank thymidine thymidine assimilation 1-phenylethylamine assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 1-phenylethylamine as a sole source of carbon and energy. 1-phenylethylamine phenylethylamine assimilation Carrine Blank 1-phenylethylamine assimilation ethanolamine assimilation assay monoethanolamine assimilation 2-aminoethanol Carrine Blank 2-aminoethanol assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate ethanolamine as a sole source of carbon and energy. ethanolamine ethanolamine assimilation monoethanolamine butane-2,3-diol assimilation assay butanediol assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 2,3-butanediol (butane-2,3-diol) as a sole source of carbon and energy. 2,3-butanediol Carrine Blank 2,3-butanediol assimilation 2,3-buthanediol butanediol glycerol phosphate assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glycerol phosphate as a sole source of carbon and energy. glycerol phosphate glycerol PO4 assimilation DL-a-glycerol phosphate D,L-a-glycerol phosphate DL-glycerol phosphate glycerol PO4 Carrine Blank D,L-alpha-glycerol phosphate DL-glycerol PO4 glycerol phosphate assimilation alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate as a sole source of carbon and energy. a-D-glucose 1-PO4 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate Carrine Blank a-D-glucose 1-phosphate alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate assimilation D-glucose 6-phosphate assimilation assay glucose 6-phosphate assimilation D-glucose 6-phosphate glucose 6-PO4 Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-glucose 6-phosphate as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-glucose-6-PO4 assimilation D-glucose 6-phosphate assimilation D-glucose-6-phosphate assimilation D-glucose-6-PO4 Carrine Blank glucose 6-phosphate beta-cyclodextrin assimilation assay beta-cyclodextrin assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate beta-cyclodextrin as a sole source of carbon and energy. beta-cyclodextrin b-cyclodextrin assimilation b-cyclodextrin Carrine Blank Biolog test kit Biolog, Inc. is a company that designs cell-based phenotypic testing technologies and assays for microorganisms. Carrine Blank Biolog SF-N2 MicroPlate Biolog SF-N2 MicroPlate™ is designed for the metabolic testing of Sporulating and Filamentous (SF) microorganisms such as actinomycetes and fungi. Cells are resuspended in a gel (of gellan gum or carraghenan) to prevent clumping and uneven cell distributions. Cells also do not contain tetrazoleum violet. A positive reading is determined by growth of the organism on a single carbon source as determined by the appearance of turbidity. The tests performed are the same as those on the GN2 plate. Carrine Blank Biolog GN2 MicroPlate Biolog GN2 MicroPlate™ is designed to identify a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria. Tests for the ability of a microorganism to utilize or oxidize compounds from a preselected panel of different carbon sources. Tetrazolium voilet is used as a redox dye to colorimetrically indicate utilization of the carbon sources. The tests performed are the same as those on the Biolog SF-GN2 plate. Carrine Blank inulin assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate inulin as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank chicory inulin D-inulin inuline inulin inulin assimilation mannan assimilation assay Carrine Blank mannan assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate mannan as a sole source of carbon and energy. mannan N-acetyl-D-mannosamine assimilation assay N-acetyl-D-mannosamine Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate N-acetyl-D-mannosamine as a sole source of carbon and energy. N-acetyl-D-manosamine Carrine Blank N-acetyl-D-mannosamine assimilation methyl alpha-D-galactoside assimilation assay alpha-methyl-D-galactoside methyl alpha-D-galactoside Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate methyl alpha-D-galactoside as a sole source of carbon and energy. methyl-a-D-galactoside methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside assimilation a-methyl-D-galactoside assimilation methyl a-D-galactopyranoside assimilation Carrine Blank methyl-a-galactopyranoside alpha-methyl-D-galactoside assimilation methyl a-D-galactoside assimilation methyl a-D-galactopyranoside methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside methyl alpha-D-galactoside assimilation a-methyl-D-galactoside methyl a-D-galactoside methyl beta-D-galactoside assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate methyl beta-D-galactoside as a sole source of carbon and energy. beta-methyl-D-galactoside assimilation methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside assimilation methyl b-galctopyranoside Carrine Blank methyl b-D-galactopyranoside methyl b-D-galactoside beta-methyl-D-galactoside methyl beta-D-galactoside methyl b-D-galactopyranoside assimilation b-methyl-D-galactoside assimilation methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside methyl beta-D-galactoside assimilation b-methyl-D-galactoside methyl b-D-galactoside assimilation methyl beta-galctopyranoside 3-O-methyl-D-glucose assimilation assay methyl glucose assimilation Carrine Blank 3-methyl D-glucose 3-O-methyl-D-glucose 3-O-methylglucose assimilation 3-methyl glucose methyl glucose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 3-O-methyl-D-glucose as a sole source of carbon and energy. 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose 3-methyl-D-glucose 3-methyl-D-glucose assimilation 3-O-methylglucose 3-methyl D-glucopyranoside 3-methyl glucose assimilation sedoheptulosan assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate sedoheptulosan as a sole source of carbon and energy. sedoheptulosan Carrine Blank sedoheptulosan assimilation stachyose assimilation assay Carrine Blank stachyose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate stachyose as a sole source of carbon and energy. stachyose assimilation D-tagatose assimilation assay D-tagatose Dtagatose D-tagatose assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-tagatose as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank lactamide assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate lactamide as a sole source of carbon and energy. lactamide assimilation lactamide Carrine Blank methyl (R)-lactate assimilation assay D-lactic acid methyl ester assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate methyl (R)-lactate as a sole source of carbon and energy. methyl (R)-lactate D-lactic acid methyl ester D-lactate methyl ester assimilation Carrine Blank D-lactate methyl ester (R)-malic acid assimilation assay D-malic acid Carrine Blank (R)-malate D-malate assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate (R)-malate(2-) as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-malic acid assimilation D-malate N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid assimilation assay N-acetylglutamate N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid assimilation N-acetylglutamate assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate N-acetyl-L-glutamate (N-acetylglutamic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. N-acetyl-L-glutamate assimilation N-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid assimilation N-acetyl-L-glutamate adenosine assimilation assay adenosine adenosine assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate adenosine as a sole source of carbon and energy. 2'-deoxyadenosine assimilation assay 29-deoxyadenosine 2-deoxyadenosine deoxyadenosine 2'-deoxy adenosine deoxyadenosine utilization dA Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate 2'-deoxyadenosine as a sole source of carbon and energy. deoxyadenosine assimilation Carrine Blank adenosine 5'-monophosphate assimilation assay AMP assimilation adenosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate assimilation adenosine 5'-monosphosphate AMP Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate adenosine 5'-monophosphate as a sole source of carbon and energy. adenosine 5'-monophosphate assimilation Carrine Blank thymidine 5'-monophosphate assimilation assay thymidine monophosphate assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate thymidine 5'-monophosphate as a sole source of carbon and energy. thymidine 5'-monosphosphate thymidine 5'-monophosphate assimilation thymidine monophosphate TMP TMP assimilation UMP assimilation assay uridine 5'-monophosphate assimilation uridine monophosphate assimilation Carrine Blank uridine 5'-monosphosphate UMP uridine monophosphate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate UMP as a sole source of carbon and energy. UMP assimilation D-fructose 6-phosphate assimilation assay D-fructose 6-phosphate D-fructose-6-PO4 Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-fructose 6-phosphate as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-fructose 6-phosphate assimilation D-fructose-6-PO4 assimilation Biolog SF-P2 MicroPlate Biolog SF-P2 MicroPlate™ is designed for the metabolic testing of Sporulating and Filamentous (SF) microorganisms such as actinomycetes and fungi. Cells are resuspended in a gel (of gellan gum or carraghenan) to prevent clumping and uneven cell distributions. Cells also do not contain tetrazoleum violet. A positive reading is determined by growth of the organism on a single carbon source as determined by the appearance of turbidity. The tests performed are the same as those on the GP2 plate. Carrine Blank Biolog GP2 MicroPlate Carrine Blank Biolog SF-P2 MicroPlate™ is designed to identify a broad range of gram positive bacteria Tests for the ability of a microorganism to utilize or oxidize compounds from a preselected panel of different carbon sources. Tetrazolium voilet is used as a redox dye to colorimetrically indicate utilization of the carbon sources. The tests performed are the same as those on the SF-P2 plate. pH growth assay Carrine Blank An assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in a microbiological culture medium at distinct pH values. growth at pH 6.0 6.0 Carrine Blank An assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow at pH 6.0. pH 6 growth at pH 5.0 5.0 pH 5 An assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow at pH 5.0. Carrine Blank growth in 1% NaCl assay 1.0 NaCl 1% Carrine Blank 1% NaCl An assay for the ability to grow in the presence of 1.0% sodium chloride (NaCl). growth in 4% NaCl assay 4.0 Carrine Blank 4% NaCl An assay for the ability to grow in the presence of 4.0% sodium chloride (NaCl). growth in 8% NaCl assay 8.0 An assay for the ability to grow in the presence of 8.0% sodium chloride (NaCl). 8% NaCl Carrine Blank N-acetylneuraminic acid assimilation assay N-acetylneuraminate N-acetyl-neuraminic acid assimilation N-acetyl-neuraminate Carrine Blank N-acetylneuraminic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate N-acetylneuraminic (N-acetylneuraminate) acid as a sole source of carbon and energy. N-acetyl-neuraminic acid N-acetylneuraminate assimilation N-acetyl-neuraminate assimilation fusidic acid resistance assay Carrine Blank An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of fusidic acid. fusidic acid D-aspartic acid assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-aspartate (D-aspartic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. D-aspartic acid D-aspartate D-aspartic acid assimilation Carrine Blank D-aspartate assimilation troleandomycin resistance assay An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of troleandomycin. Carrine Blank troleandomycin rifamycin SV resistance assay rifamycin SV Carrine Blank An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of rifamycin SV. minocycline resistance assay An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of minocycline. Carrine Blank minocycline gelatin assimilation assay gelatin Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate gelatin as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank gelatin assimilation gelatine Gly-Pro assimilation assay Gly-Pro assimilation glycyl-L-prolin Gly-Pro glycyl-L-proline assimilation Carrine Blank glycyl-L-proline glycyl proline assimilation glycyl proline Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glycyl-L-proline as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-arginine assimilation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-arginine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-arginine Largine L-arginine assimilation growth response to chemical assay An assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of a chemical (microbiocides, surfactants, inorganic substance, organic substance, or antibiotics). Carrine Blank lincomycin resistance assay An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of lincomycin. Carrine Blank guanidine sensitivity assay guanidine HCl guanidine Carrine Blank A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of guanidine (guanidinium), a protein denaturant. guanidinium HCl guanidium organic chemical sensitivity assay Carrine Blank An assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow or utilize sugars in the presence of a potentially growth inhibiting chemical (an antimicrobial compound). Niaproof 4 sensitivity assay Niaproof 4 A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of Niaproof 4 (Tergitol® 4; sodium tetradecyl sulfate), a anionic detergent. Tergitol® 4 Carrine Blank pectin assimilation assay Carrine Blank pectin assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate pectin as a sole source of carbon and energy. pectin pecin L-galactono-1,4-lactone assimilation assay L-galacutronic acid lactone L-galactono-1,4-lactone galactono-1,4-lactone Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-galactono-1,4-lactone as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-galactono-1,4-lactone assimilation Carrine Blank galactaric acid assimilation assay galactarate galactartic acid mucic acid Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate galactaric acid (galactarate) as a sole source of carbon and energy. mucate assimilation mucate galactarate assimilation Carrine Blank galactartic acid assimilation mucic acid assimilation vancomycin resistance assay An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of vancomycin. vancomycin Carrine Blank tetrazolium violet reduction assay An assay for the ability of a microorganism to reduce tetrazolium violet, a redox indicator of microbial growth. Tetrazolium violet is a yellow-green color, however, when reduced it forms a purple color. Carrine Blank tetrazolium violet tetrazolium blue reduction assay Carrine Blank tetrazolium blue An assay for the ability of a microorganism to reduce tetrazolium blue, a redox indicator of microbial growth. Tetrazolium blue is colorless, however, when reduced it forms a blue tetrazoleium diformazan. methyl pyruvate assimilation assay methyl pyruvic acid assimilation methylpyruvate pyruvatic acid methyl ester pyruvic acid methylester methyl pyruvate assimilation pyruvic acid methyl ester pyruvic acid methyl ester methyl pyruvate Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate methyl pyruvate as a sole source of carbon and energy. pyruvic acid methyl ester assimilation methyl pyruvic acid tellurite inhibition assay Carrine Blank tellurite A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of (potassium) tellurite. potassium tellurite acetoacetic acid assimilation assay b-ketoglutaric acid diactic acid acetoacetate Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate acetoacetate (acetoacetic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. 3-oxoglutaric acid beta-ketoglutaric acid acetonedicarboxylic acid acetoacetic acid assimilation acetoacetate assimilation acetoacetic acid lithium chloride inhibition assay Carrine Blank lithium chloride A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of lithium chloride. aztreonam resistance assay aztreonam An antibiotic resistance assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of aztreonam. Carrine Blank butyric acid sensitivity assay butyric acid butyrate A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of sodium butyrate (butyric acid). Carrine Blank bromate sensitivity assay A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow int he presence of (sodium) bromate. Carrine Blank sodium bromate Biolog Gen III MicroPlate Carrine Blank MicroLog 3 Biolog Gen III MicroPlate™ is designed to identify a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Tests for the ability of a microorganism to utilize or oxidize compounds from a preselected panel of different carbon sources. Tetrazolium voilet is used as a redox dye to colorimetrically indicate utilization of the carbon sources. D-fucose assimilation assay D-fucose Carrine Blank D-fucose assimilation Dfucose Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate D-fucose as a sole source of carbon and energy. lactate sensitivity assay A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of 1% sodium lactate. 1% sodium lactate Carrine Blank D-serine sensitivity assay D-serine A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of D-serine. Carrine Blank Biolog AN MicroPlate Carrine Blank Biolog AN MicroPlate™ is designed to identify a very wide range of anaerobic bacteria. Tests for the ability of a microorganism to utilize or oxidize compounds from a preselected panel of different carbon sources. Tetrazolium voilet is used as a redox dye to colorimetrically indicate utilization of the carbon sources. fumaric acid assimilation assay fumaric acid assimilation Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate fumaric acid (fumarate) as a sole source of carbon and energy. fumaric acid fumarate assimilation sodium fumarate fumarate glyoxylic acid assimilation assay glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid assimilation glyoxylate Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glyoxylic acid (glyoxylate) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank glyoxylate assimilation meso-tartaric acid assimilation assay Carrine Blank Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate meso-tartrate (meso-tartaric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. meso-tartartic acid tartartic acid tartrate meso-tartrate assimilation meso-tartrate m-tartaric acid tartaric acid assimilation m-tartrate meso-tartaric acid assimilation m-tartrate assimilation tartrate assimilation m-tartaric acid assimilation L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid assimilation assay L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid L-alanyl-L-glutamate assimilation L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid assimilation alanyl glutamate assimilation Ala-Glu assimilation Ala-Glu Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-alanyl-L-glutamate (L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. alanyl glutamate Carrine Blank L-alanyl-L-glutamate alanyl glutamic acid alanyl glutamic acid assimilation Ala-His assimilation assay Ala-His assimilation alanyl histidine Ala-His Carrine Blank L-alanyl-L-histidine Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-alanyl-L-histidine as a sole source of carbon and energy. alanyl histidine assimilation L-alanyl-L-histidine assimilation Ala-Thr assimilation assay alanyl threonine assimilation Ala-Thr assimilation Ala-Thr Carrine Blank L-alanyl-L-threonine alanyl threonine Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-alanyl-L-threonine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-alanyl-L-threonine assimilation Gly-Met assimilation assay Gly-Met assimilation glycyl methionine glycyl-L-methionine Carrine Blank glycyl-L-methionine assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glycyl-L-methionine as a sole source of carbon and energy. Gly-Met glycyl methionine assimilation L-methionine assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-methionine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-methionine Carrine Blank L-methionine assimilation L-valine assimilation assay L-valine Carrine Blank L-valine assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-valine as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-valine plus L-aspartate assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate L-valine plus L-aspartate (L-valine plus L-aspartic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. L-valine plus L-aspartate assimilation L-valine plus L-aspartic acid assimilation Carrine Blank L-valine plus L-aspartate L-valine plus L-aspartic acid Gly-Gln assimilation assay Carrine Blank glycyl-L-glutamine assimilation glycyl glutamine Gly-Gln Gly-Gln assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate glycyl-L-glutamine as a sole source of carbon and energy. glycyl-L-glutamine glycyl glutamine assimilation RapID test kit RapID™ microbiogy test kits. Manufactured and sold variously by Innovative Diagnostics Systems Inc., Remel Inc., and now ThermoScientific. Carrine Blank RapID ANA II system RapID™ ANA II System, designed to identify over 90 medically imporant anaerobes. Carrine Blank RapID ANA II RapID NH system RapID™ NH System, designed to identify over 30 taxa including Neisseria, Moraxella, Haemophilus, and related microorganisms. Carrine Blank RapID NH culture pigmentation assay Carrine Blank PIG The optical quality of a liquid culture of clonal prokaryotic organisms, where the culture medium has a distinctive color that is a result of the prokaryotic production of a pigment compound. RapID CB Plus system Carrine Blank RapID™ CB Plus System, designed to identify Corynebacteria. malonate alkalinization assay Schmid M, Berg M, Hilbi H, Dimroth P. 1996. Malonate decarboxylase of Klebsiella pneumoniae catalyses the turnover of acetyl and malonyl thioester residues on a coenzyme-A-like prosthetic group. Eur J Biochem 237(1):221-228. MAL malonate alkalinisation malonate utilization Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate malonate (malonic acid) as a sole source of carbon. Assimilation of malonate results in an increase in pH (alkalinization) as a result of decarboxylation of malonate into acetate and CO2 via malonate decarboxylase. Involves two enzymes: Malonyl-CoA synthetase (malonate + ATP + CoA = malonyl-CoA + AMP + PPi) Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (malonyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + CO2) malonate alkalinization Carrine Blank RapID ONE system RapID™ ONE System, designed for the identification of over 70 medically important Enterobacteriaceae. Carrine Blank RapID STR system Carrine Blank RapID™ STR System, designed for the identification of Streptococci and related genera. thiosulfate reduction assay An assay for the presence of thiosulfate disproportionation, followed by reduction, in a microorganism. Thiosulfate reduction (for example; there are several pathways in microorganisms) can involve the following sets of reactions: thiosulfate -> sulfate + H2S + H+ Sulfate, in turn, may be reduced to sulfide, generating more H+ ions. Thiosulfate reduction generates acid, and therefore the pH drops. Some assays look for acid production in the presence of thiosulfate. Carrine Blank N-benzyl-arginine arylamidase assay An amino acid arylamidase assay that uses the substrate N-benzyl-arginine-2-naphthylamide (N-benzyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide) at pH 7.5. Benzyl-arginine arylamidase activity (which could be from benzyl-arginine aminopeptidase as well as other dipeptidase enzymes) will cleave the substrate, releasing 2-naphthylamide. When reacted with Fast Blue BB it forms a colored insoluble precipitate that is orange in color. A positive reaction is orange; a negative reaction is colorless. Carrine Blank BANA N-benzyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide RapID NF Plus system Carrine Blank RapID™ NF Plus System, designed for the identification of over 70 medically imporant, oxidase-positive, gram-negative bacilli, including Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Vibrio spp. RapID Staph Plus system RapID™ Staph Plus System, designed for the identification of over 40 staphylococci and related genera. Carrine Blank ammonium salt-sugar medium A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium for the discrimination of sugar utilization (fermentation) in bacilli. Bacilli may not produce enough acids in conventional peptone-containing medium due to the production of ammonium from the deamination of peptides. Thus, ammonium salt sugar medium contains yeast extract. A positive assay for carbohydrate fermentation is yellow due to a low pH; a negative assay is purple. ammonium salt sugars ammonium salt medium ASS From: Snell JJS, Lapage SP. 1971. Comparison of four methods for demonstrating glucose breakdone in bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 68:221-225. "Ammonium salt sugar (ASS) (Smith, Gordon & Clark, 1952). (NH4),HP04, 1 g.; KCl, 0.2 g. ; MgSO4*7H,O, 0.2 g. ; Yeastrel, 0.2 g. ; agar, 12 g. ; bromocresol purple, 4 ml. of a 1 % (w/v) aqueous solution; glucose, 20 ml. of a 50 % (w/v) Seitz filtered solution; distilled water, 1 1. The solids were dissolved in the water by heating, the pH was adjusted to 7.0 and the indicator added. The medium was sterilized at 115˚ for 15 min. and after cooling to 50˚the sterile glucose solution was added." Note: Yeastrel was a brand of yeast extract (no longer manufactured). Carrine Blank ammonium salt-sugar broth growth factor requirement assay Carrine Blank A microbiological diagnostic assay for the requirement of growth factors (hemin, coenzyme I) to support growth by a microorganism. These growth factors are used for the differentiation of Haemophilus and Bordetella species. The growth factors can be added to the culture medium directly, or they can be added using growth factors impregnated into paper discs. X factor disc haemin Carrine Blank X-factor X growth factor Paper disc impregnated with the growth factor haemin (hemin). hemin V factor disc factor V Carrine Blank Paper disc impregnated with the growth factor NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). coenzyme I V-factor X + V factor disc Carrine Blank Paper disc impregnated with the growth factors haemin (hemin) and NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). hemin and coenzyme I XV discs CAMP assay http://www.microbelibrary.org/component/resource/laboratory-test/3086-camp-test-protocols Carrine Blank A beta-hemolysis assay used to identify Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) and to differentiate it from Streptococcus pyrogenes (Group A) and other (Group C to Group H) streptococci. Group B streptococci are CAMP positive; Group A and Nongroup B streptococci are CAMP negative. The assay is performed on Trypticase Soy Agar plates with sheep blood. The test/unknown Streptococcus organism is streaked onto TSA plates at right angles to the beta-lysin positive Staphycoccus aureus. In a positive test (CAMP +) outcome, enhanced zones of clearing will be seen around the test organism when it is near the Staph. aureus. This means that there is a synergistic respones between the test organism and the beta-lysin secreted by the Staph. aureus. In a negative test (CAMP - ) outcome, no enhanced zone of clearing will be seen. indole nitrate medium From: Indole Nitrate Medium/Trypticase Nitrate Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Indole Nitrite Medium is used for the identification of microorganisms by means of the nitrate reduction and indole tests. Principles of the Procedure The casein peptone contains tryptophan, which is attacked by certain microorganisms, resulting in the production of indole, detectable by the addition of chemical reagents to 18- to 48-hour cultures. Potassium nitrate serves as the substrate for determining the ability of microorganisms to reduce nitrates to nitrites. Formula BBL™ Indole Nitrite Medium (Trypticase™ Nitrate Broth) Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 20.0 g Disodium Phosphate.................................................... 2.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Agar............................................................................ 1.0 g Potassium Nitrate......................................................... 1.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.2 ± 0.2 indole nitrite broth nitrate broth An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of casein, a phosphate buffer, glucose, and nitrate. Used to test for nitrate reduction and production of indole. indole nitrate broth Carrine Blank indole nitrite medium spirit blue agar Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing pancreatic digest of casein, yeast extract, the dye Spirit Blue (a dye indicator of lipolysis), and Spirit Blue Lipase Reagent (contains tributyrin, a triglyceride, and polysorbate 80, an emulsifying agent). Microorganisms with lipolytic activity form colonies with halos. From: Spirit Blue Agar / Lipase Reagent (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Spirit Blue Agar is for use with Lipase Reagent or other lipid source for detecting and enumerating lipolytic microorganisms. Principles of the Procedure Spirit Blue Agar contains peptone as a source of carbon, nitrogen, vitamins and minerals. Yeast extract supplies B-complex vitamins which stimulate bacterial growth. Spirit blue is the indicator of lipolysis. Agar is the solidifying agent. Lipase Reagent contains tributyrin, a true fat and the simplest triglyceride occurring in natural fats and oils. It is a good substrate when testing for lipolytic microorganisms because some microorganisms that hydrolyze tributyrin will not hydrolyze other triglycerides or fats containing longer chain fatty acids.2 Formulae Difco™ Spirit Blue Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 10.0 g Yeast Extract ............................................................... 5.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 20.0 g Spirit Blue.................................................................... 0.15 g Difco™ Lipase Reagent A ready-to-use lipid suspension, containing a mixture of tributyrin and polysorbate 80. *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.8 ± 0.2 starch hydrolysis assay Carrine Blank starch hydrolysis test An assay for the ability of a microorganism to hydrolyze starch, using Starch Agar, a medium designed to test for the ability to produce alpha-amylase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase. The agar is flooded with iodine after colonies have developed on the plate, turning starch a dark color. Clearing around colonies indicates starch hydrolysis. motility assay An assay to determine whether a microorganism is motile. Organisms are inoculated into a semi-solid medium. Organisms that are motile will migrate away from the initial inoculum. Medium often includes a redox indicator (such as triphenyltetrazolium chloride) which is reduced producing a red dye which helps show the extend of microbial growth. Carrine Blank starch agar From: Starch Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Starch Agar is used for cultivating microorganisms being tested for starch hydrolysis. Principles of the Procedure Beef extract provides the nitrogen, vitamins, carbon and amino acids in Starch Agar. Starch reacts with Gram Iodine to give a blue color. Organisms hydrolyzing starch through amylase production will produce a clearing around the isolate while the remaining medium is blue. Agar is the solidifying agent. Formula Difco™ Starch Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Beef Extract.................................................................. 3.0 g Soluble Starch............................................................ 10.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 12.0 g *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. Directions for Preparation from Dehydrated Product 1. Suspend 25 g of the powder in 1 L of purified water. Mix thoroughly. 2. Heat with frequent agitation and boil for 1 minute to completely dissolve the powder. 3. Autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. 4. Test samples of the finished product. pH 7.5 ± 0.2 Procedure Starch Hydrolysis Test Flood the surface of a 48-hour culture on Starch Agar with Gram Iodine. Expected Results Starch hydrolysis (+) is indicated by a colorless zone surrounding colonies. A blue or purple zone indicates that starch has not been hydrolyzed (-). Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing beef extract and starch. Used to cultivate heterotrophic microorganisms and test for the ability to hydrolyze starch. coagulase assay http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/laboratory-test/3220-coagulase-test-protocol Carrine Blank A microbiological assay of the promotion of blood clotting which assays for the ability of a microorganism to secrete the enzyme coagulase which converts fibrinogen to fibrin and causes clotting of blood plasma. slide coagulase assay slide coagulase test slide coagulation test Carrine Blank Coagulase assay performed on a glass slide, is used to identify the presence of coagulase that is bound to the cell wall of the test microorganism. Cells are emulsified into two drops of saline on a slide. A drop of plasma is added to one of the drops and mixed into the cell suspension. Coagulase reacts with fibrinogen in blood plasma, causing the cells to agglutinate or clump together after 10 seconds. The drop with no plasma acts as a negative control. A positive test shows cells clumping; a negative test shows no clumping. Clumping in the negative control is an indication of autoagglutination. tube coagulase assay Coagulase assay performed in a test tube, is used to identify the presence of coagulase that is bound to the cell wall of the test microorganism or is free of the cell. A microbial colony is suspended in EDTA-treated plasma and incubated for 1-2 hours to permit microbial growth in the plasma. Some species of microbes are able to secrete coagulase into the plasma, forming a clot. Clot formation can take up to 24 hours. A negative control tube is performed in the absence of cells. A positive test shows clot formation; a negative test shows no clot formation. tube coagulase test Carrine Blank tube coagulation test Kligler iron agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains peptones, two sugars (glucose and lactose), ferric iron, thiosulfate, and phenol red (a pH indicator). If the sugars are fermented, the pH indicator will turn red indicating a lowered pH. If hydrogen sulfide is produced, the ferric iron will be reduced to ferrous sulfide, producing a black color. From: Kligler Iron Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Kligler Iron Agar is used for the differentiation of members of the Enterobacteriaceae on the basis of their ability to ferment dextrose and lactose and to liberate sulfides. Principles of the Procedure Kligler Iron Agar, in addition to casein and meat peptones, contains lactose and dextrose which enable the differentiation of species of enteric bacilli due to color changes of the phenol red pH indicator in response to the acid produced during the fermentation of these sugars. The dextrose concentration is only 10% of the lactose concentration. The combination of ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate enables the detection of hydrogen sulfide production. Lactose nonfermenters (e.g., Salmonella and Shigella) initially produce a yellow slant due to acid produced by the fermentation of the small amount of dextrose. When the dextrose supply is exhausted in the aerobic environment of the slant, the reaction reverts to alkaline (red slant) due to oxidation of the acids. The reversion does not occur in the anaerobic environment in the butt, which remains acid (yellow butt). Lactose fermenters produce yellow slants and butts because enough acid is produced in the slant to maintain an acid pH under aerobic conditions. Organisms incapable of fermenting either carbohydrate produce red slants and butts. Hydrogen sulfide production is evidenced by a black color either throughout the butt, or in a ring formation near the top of the butt. Gas production (aerogenic reaction) is detected as individual bubbles or by splitting or displacement of the agar. Formula BBL™ Kligler Iron Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Pancreatic Digest of Casein........................................ 10.0 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue.................................... 10.0 g Lactose...................................................................... 10.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Ferric Ammonium Citrate............................................. 0.5 g Sodium Thiosulfate...................................................... 0.5 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g Phenol Red................................................................ 25.0 mg *Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 7.4 ± 0.2 Procedure To inoculate, carefully touch the center of an isolated colony on an enteric plated medium with a cool, sterile needle, stab into the medium in the butt of the tube, and then streak back and forth along the surface of the slant. Several colonies from each primary plate should be studied separately, since mixed infections may occur. Incubate tubes with loosened caps for 18-24 hours at 35 ± 2°C in an aerobic atmosphere.To enhance the alkaline condition in the slant, free exchange of air must be permitted through the use of a loose closure. If the tube is tightly closed, an acid reaction (caused solely by dextrose fermentation) will also involve the slant. Expected Results After incubation, record the reaction in the slant and butt, noting gas formation and hydrogen sulfide production. KIA Carrine Blank alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase assay with pNP An assay for the activity of alpha-arabinosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuropyranoside. Alpha-arabinosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. para-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuropyranoside p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuropyranoside p-nitrophenyl-a-L-arabinofuropyranoside p-NP-alpha-L-arabinofuropyranoside Carrine Blank 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuropyranoside para-nitrophenyl-a-L-arabinofuropyranoside p-NP-a-L-arabinofuropyranoside aARA 4-nitrophenyl-a-L-arabinofuropyranoside alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase assay with 4-MU An assay for the activity of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-arabinofuropyranoside. Alpha-L-arabinofurosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-methylumbelliferone which is highly fluorescent. A positive result is highly fluorescent; a negative result is non-fluorescent. 4-methylumbelliferylarabinopyranoside 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside Carrine Blank film assay Carrine Blank film reaction films A microbiological diagnostic assay for the ability of a microbial colony to develop an irridescent film when grown on egg yolk agar. The irridescence is due to the presence of lipase, which causes the breakdown of fats (triglycerides into free fatty acids) in the egg yolk. spot assay spots spot reaction An assay for the ability of a microbial colony to develop crystalline spots, or a fine crystalline deposit, when grown on egg yolk agar. The spots are due to precipitation of calcium and magnesium "soaps" that are usually associated with a positive film reaction (i.e. the relase of fatty acid anions by lipolytic activity that combine with free calcium and magnesium in the medium). Carrine Blank bile sensitivity assay Carrine Blank growth is inhibited on medium containing 20% bile grow on medium containing 20% bile A chemcial sensitivity assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of bile (bile salts). grows in the presence of bile salts growth not inhibited in the presence of 20% bile resistant to 20% bile cell staining assay An assay where cells from a culture or a colony are stained with a dye which will differentially stain (i.e. bind to and be retained in) various chemical components of the cell. Carrine Blank Congo Red absorption assay Carrine Blank congo red is adsorbed. congo red is absorbed. Cell staining assay where a test for how the stain Congo Red stains microbial cells or microbial cell components. Congo Red is adsorbed by cellulose and unusual lipopolysaccharide structures. Can be used to stain cells or colonies. Wikipedia:Congo_red citric acid fermentation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment citrate (citric acid). citric acid acidification trisodium citrate citric acid citrate acidification fe citrate iron citrate citrate fermentation Carrine Blank ferric citrate sodium citrate titanium citrate citric acid fermentation citrate malonic acid fermentation assay malonate acidification malonic acid fermentation Carrine Blank malonic acid Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment malonate (malonic acid). sodium malonate malonic acid acidification malonate fermenation malonate amygdalin fermentation assay laetrile amygdaline D-amygdalin AMY D-amygdaline Assays for the ability of a microorganism to ferment amygdalin. amygladin amygdalin fermentation Carrine Blank amygdalin acidification amygdalin decarboxylase differential medium An organic-rich liquid medium intended to test for the ability of a microorganism to decarboxylate amino acids, through use of pH indicator compounds. Pyridoxal is added because it is an enzymatic co-factor for amino acid decarboxylases. Peptones and beef/yeast extract and dextrose (D-glucose) are added to promote growth. Lysine, ornithine, or arginine are added to test for decarboxylation. From: Decarboxylase Differential Media (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Decarboxylase media are used in the biochemical differentiation of gram-negative enteric bacilli based on the production of arginine dihydrolase and lysine and ornithine decarboxylase. Decarboxylase Medium Base, with added arginine, lysine or ornithine is used for the same purpose. Lysine Decarboxylase Broth is used for differentiating microorganisms based on lysine decarboxylation. Procedure Inoculate the broth media by transferring one or two colonies from the surface of a fresh culture with an inoculating loop or needle and mix to distribute the culture throughout the medium. Overlay the medium in each tube with 1 mL sterile mineral oil. Incubate the tubes with caps tightened at 35 ± 2°C. Examine for growth and decarboxylase reactions after 18-24, 48, 72 and 96 hours before reporting as negative. The medium will become yellow initially, if the dextrose is fermented, and then will gradually turn purple if the decarboxylase or dihydrolase reaction occurs and elevates the pH. Expected Results Compare the color of tubes of media containing the specific amino acids with the color of control tubes of basal media (without amino acid) that have been inoculated with the same isolate. If inoculated control tubes show an alkaline reaction, the test is invalid; i.e., either improperly performed or the test organisms can degrade the peptone sufficiently to produce an alkaline reaction in the absence of a specific amino acid. The medium becomes purple to violet if the reaction is positive (alkaline). A yellow color indicates a negative test; i.e., the organism does not produce the appropriate enzyme. Formulae Difco™ Decarboxylase Base Moeller Approximate Formula* Per Liter Peptone....................................................................... 5.0 g Beef Extract.................................................................. 5.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 0.5 g Bromcresol Purple........................................................ 0.01 g Cresol Red................................................................... 5.0 mg Pyridoxal...................................................................... 5.0 mg pH 6.0 ± 0.2 BBL™ Moeller Decarboxylase Broth Base Approximate Formula* Per Liter Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue...................................... 5.0 g Beef Extract.................................................................. 5.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 0.5 g Bromcresol Purple........................................................ 0.01 g Cresol Red................................................................... 5.0 mg Pyridoxal...................................................................... 5.0 mg Difco™ Decarboxylase Medium Base Approximate Formula* Per Liter Peptone....................................................................... 5.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 3.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g Bromcresol Purple........................................................ 0.02 g pH 6.8 ± 0.2 Difco™ Lysine Decarboxylase Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Peptone....................................................................... 5.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 3.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 1.0 g L-Lysine........................................................................ 5.0 g Bromcresol Purple........................................................ 0.02 g * Adjusted and/or supplemented as required to meet performance criteria. pH 6.8 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank lysine decarboxylase broth Decarboxylase differential medium containing lysine. Designed to determine whether a microorganism has the ability to decarboxylate lysine. Carrine Blank Moeller decarboxylase broth with ornithine Carrine Blank Decarboxylase differential medium containing ornithine. Designed to determine whether a microorganism has the ability to decarboxylate ornithine. Moeller decarboxylase broth with arginine Carrine Blank Decarboxylase differential medium containing arginine. Designed to determine whether a microorganism has the ability to decarboxylate arginine. 4-methoxy leucine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-leucine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4-methoxy-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide, L-leucine 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide). Carrine Blank anaerobic respiration, using nitrate as electron acceptor The process of anaerobic respiration, where nitrate is reduced to nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, or dinitrogen. Carrine Blank anaerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron acceptor The process of anaerobic respiration, where nitrite is reduced to nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, or dinitrogen. Carrine Blank lecithovitellin solution Carrine Blank A substance derived from the treatment of chicken egg yolks with a salt solution, followed by filtration. Lecithovitellin Solution (Methods in Microbiology, v. 6, pt. 1, Chapter 1, Routine Biochemical Tests, pg 18): ...."which is made by adding 1 egg yolk to 225 mL of saline buffered with 0.1 M borate buffer at pH 7.2-7.4 with 0.005 M CaCl2; 10 g of a filtration aid such as Hyflo Supercel (Johns Manville Co., London) is added and the mixture shaken for 1 h before filtering twice through Whatman No. 1 papers and finally Seitz-filtering with negative pressure." egg extract Carrine Blank An aqueous (water) extract of whole chicken egg, used in the cultivation of microorganisms. microbiological medium ingredient, derived from animal blood Carrine Blank Undefined mixture of complex organic compounds comprising a microbiological culture medium ingredient derived from the blood or blood plasma from a mammal. Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need blood to grow. rabbit laked blood Carrine Blank Blood medium ingredient comprised of blood from a rabbit (Orychtolagus cuniculus), which has been laked (treated so that the red blood cells have undergone haemolysis). Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need rabbit laked blood to grow. rabbit blood Whole blood from a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need rabbit blood to grow. Carrine Blank sheep blood Whole blood from a sheep (Ovis aries). Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need sheep's blood to grow. Carrine Blank sheep's blood washed red blood cells Blood medium ingredient comprised of red blood cells from a mammal that have been washed. Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need washed red blood cells to grow. Carrine Blank lysed red blood cells Carrine Blank Blood medium ingredient comprised of the blood of a mammal that have been lysed (undergone the process of cytolysis). Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need lysed red blood cells to grow. blood medium ingredient A microbiological culture medium ingredient derived from the blood from a mammal. Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need blood to grow. Carrine Blank horse blood Carrine Blank Whole blood of a horse (Equus caballus). Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need horse blood to grow. horse serum Serum medium ingredient comprised of blood serum from a horse (Equus caballus). Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need horse blood serum to grow. Carrine Blank serum medium ingredient Carrine Blank A microbiological culture medium ingredient derived from the blood serum from a mammal. Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need blood serum to grow. From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Serum is the clear yellowish fluid obtained when whole blood is separated into its liquid and solid components. Blood is allowed to clot so that the serum separates from the blood cells. The liquid portion released from the clot is called serum and does not contain fibrinogen as the fibrinogen was utilized to form the fibrin threads of the blood clot. Serum usually is inactivated by heating to 56 degrees C. for 30 minutes to eliminate lipases that would cause degradation of lipids and inactivation of complement. laked blood Blood medium ingredient comprised of the blood from a mammal that has been laked (treated so that the red blood cells have undergone haemolysis). Used to support the growth of a microorganisms which needs laked blood to grow. Is an ingredient for blood agar. Carrine Blank From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Laked Blood is defibrinated blood that has been processed with freeze/thaw cycles to hemolyze the red blood cells. It is clear, red, and homogenous and provides many nutrients. It is useful for growing fastidious organisms due to its highly available nutrient contents. porcine serum Carrine Blank Serum medium ingredient comprised of blood serum from a pig (Sus scrofa). Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need porcine serum to grow. microbiological culture medium containing bile A microbiological culture medium that contains bile (fluid produced by the liver) or bile salts (such as deoxycholate). Used for the culture of microorganisms that require bile. Carrine Blank whole milk medium ingredient Carrine Blank Undefined mixtures of complex organic compounds derived from the whole milk of a mammal. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. whole milk skim milk powder skim milk skimmed milk Difco™ Skim Milk Microbiological medium ingredient, derived from milk. Comprised of skimmed milk which has been dried to a powder. Carrine Blank skim cow's milk non-fat dry milk casein casein Microbiological medium ingredient, derived from milk. Comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of milk proteins (casein) of a mammal. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank microbiological medium ingredient, derived from milk Undefined mixtures of complex organic compounds derived from the milk of a mammal. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank alpha-amino acid arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves alpha-amino acid substrates coordinated with a beta-naphthylamide (2-naphthylamide) moiety. Carrine Blank DL-methionine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate DL-methionine-2-naphthylamide (DL-methionyl-beta-naphthylamide). glycine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-glycine-2-naphthylamide. L-alanine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate alanine-2-naphthylamide (L-alanine-beta-naphthylamide). L-arginine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-arginine-2-naphthylamide (L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide). L-asparagine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-asparagine-2-naphthylamide (L-asparaginyl-beta-naphthylamide). Carrine Blank L-aspartate arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-aspartate-2-naphthylamide (L-aspartic acid-beta-naphthylamide). L-cysteine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-cysteine-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank L-cystine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-cystine-di-2-naphthylamide. L-alpha-glutamate arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-alpha-glutamate-2-naphthylamide (L-alpha-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide). Carrine Blank L-glutamate arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-glutamate-2-naphthylamide (L-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide). L-glutamine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-glutamine-2-naphthylamide. L-histidine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-histidine-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank L-hydroxy proline arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-hydroxyproline-2-naphthylamide (L-hydroxyprolyl-beta-naphthylamide). L-isoleucine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-isoleucyl-2-naphthylamide (L-isoleucine-beta-naphthylamide) . Carrine Blank L-leucine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-leucyl-2-naphthylamide (L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide). L-lysine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-lysine-2-naphthylamide (L-lysyl-beta-naphthylamide). Carrine Blank L-methionine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-methionine-2-naphthylamide (L-methionyl-beta-naphthylamide). Carrine Blank L-ornithine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-ornithine-2-naphthylamide (L-ornithyl-beta-naphthylamide). Carrine Blank L-phenylalanine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank L-proline arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-proline-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate pyroglutamic acid-2-naphthylamide (pyroglutamic acid-beta-naphthylamide). Carrine Blank L-serine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-serine-2-naphthylamide. L-threonine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-threonine-2-naphthylamide (L-threonyl-beta-naphthylamide). L-tryptophan arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-tryptophan-2-naphthylamide (L-tryptophyl-beta-naphthylamide). L-tyrosine arylamidase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-tyrosine-2-naphthylamide. L-valine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-valyl-2-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank beta-alanine arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate beta-alanine-2-naphthylamide (beta-alanine beta-naphthylamide). Carrine Blank gamma glutamyl transferase activity Carrine Blank An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate gamma-glutamyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide. L-gamma-glutamate arylamidase activity An aminopeptidase activity which cleaves the chromogenic substrate L-gamma-glutamate-2-naphthylamide (L-gamma-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide. Carrine Blank lysine deaminase activity It is not clear which enzyme is being referred to as "lysine deaminase"; here is no such enzyme in GenBank. A putative enzyme in MetaCyc include D-lysine oxidase (studied in Pseudomonas), however the homologs in other Enterobacteriaceae have not been defined. In addition, the distribution of putative orthologs of D-lysine oxidase appear to have a different taxonomic distribution than reported lysine deaminase activity. Another putative enzyme is Lysine dehydrogenase, however homologs in the Enterobacteriaceae are only found in the genomes of Photorhabdus and Yersinia. Another putative enzymatic pathway includes the degradation of lysine to 5-amiopentanamide and 5-aminopentanoate via the enzymes L-lysine monooxygenase and delta-aminovaleramidase. However these enzymes appear to be widely spread in the Enterobacteriaceae, including those that are negative for lysine deaminase activity. A set of microbial enzymatic reactions that result in the deamination of lysine. Carrine Blank phenylalanine agar From: Phenylalanine Agar; Ferric Chloride Reagent (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Phenylalanine Agar is used for the differentiation of enteric bacilli on the basis of their ability to produce phenylpyruvic acid by oxidative deamination. Ferric Chloride Reagent is used to visualize the phenylalanine deamination reaction. Principles of the Procedure The phenylalanine serves as the substrate for enzymes which are able to deaminate it to form phenylpyruvic acid. The addition of 3-5 drops of a 10% aqueous ferric chloride solution (or a 12% aqueous ferric chloride solution acidified with 2.5 mL of concentrated HCl per 100 mL of reagent) to the cultures following incubation results in the appearance of a light to deep green color (positive reaction) or no color change (negative reaction). In a positive reaction, any phenylpyruvic acid present will react with the ferric salt in the reagent to give a green color. Formulae Difco™ Phenylalanine Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter DL-Phenylalanine.......................................................... 2.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 3.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Dipotassium Phosphate................................................ 1.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 12.0 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 BBL™ Phenylalanine Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter DL-Phenylalanine.......................................................... 2.0 g Yeast Extract................................................................ 3.0 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 5.0 g Sodium Phosphate....................................................... 1.0 g Agar.......................................................................... 12.0 g pH 7.3 ± 0.2 Difco™/BBL™ Ferric Chloride Reagent Droppers Contain 0.5 mL of 10% ferric chloride in aqueous solution. An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing DL-phenylalanine, yeast extract and sodium chloride. Used to test for the formation of phenylpyruvic acid. Carrine Blank susceptibility to lysis by water Carrine Blank Prokaryotic cell wall lysis susceptibility that defines how susceptible the cell wall is to lysis when the cell is placed in the presence of an environment with an altered chemical composition (plain water). hypotonic solution Carrine Blank Wikipedia: Tonicity Hypotonicity Hypotonic refers to a lesser concentration. In biology, a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. In an attempt to balance the concentrations of solutes inside and outside the cell, water will rush into the cell, and can cause it to burst.[2] A chemical solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than the concentration inside a cell. inorganic salt solution A solution of an inorganic salt dissolved in water. Carrine Blank differentiated sub-apical cell Filament differentiation quality, relating to the morphology and differentiation of the sub-apical cell in the filament. Carrine Blank medial cell Trichome cell, which is in the medial region of the trichome, which has not undergone differentiation. Carrine Blank trichome cell Trichome part defined by a single individual cell, which may or may not have undergone differentiation, within the trichome. Carrine Blank thermotolerant Temperature optimum quality, growth rates at moderate temperatures (20-40˚C) are higher than growth rates at other temperatures, but will tolerate higher temperatures. Carrine Blank obligately thermophilic Carrine Blank Thermophilic, can only grow at elevated temperatures (40-85˚C). salinity quality Carrine Blank Culture medium quality with respect to the concentration of salt ions (salinity). freshwater salinity 0.05 0.05 Carrine Blank Culture medium salinity quality where the salinity is less than 0.05 % salts. brackish salinity 0.05 3.0 0.05 3.0 Culture medium salinity quality where the salinity is greater than 0.05 % salts and less than 3 % salts. Carrine Blank marine salinity 3.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 Culture medium salinity quality where the salinity is greater than 3 % salts and less than 5 % salts. Carrine Blank hypersaline salinity 5.0 5.0 Carrine Blank Culture medium salinity quality where the salinity is greater than 5 % salts. hyperthermophilic Temperature optimum quality, where growth rates at highly elevated temperatures (>85˚C) are higher than growth rates at lower temperatures. Carrine Blank cell division in one plane Carrine Blank A cell division pattern where the plane of cell division is always parallel to the previous plane of cell division. cell division in two planes Carrine Blank A cell division pattern where the plane of cell division can occur in two planes, both at right angles to one another. cell division in three planes Carrine Blank A cell division pattern where the plane of cell division can occur in three planes, all three being orthogonal (at right angles) to each other. cell division in random planes Carrine Blank A cell division pattern where the plane of cell division can occur in random planes. Haloferax complex agar Michelle A. Allen,Falicia Goh,Stefan Leuko,Akinobu Echigo,Toru Mizuki,Ron Usami,Masahiro Kamekura, Brett A. Neilan and Brendan P. Burns. 2008. Haloferax elongans sp. nov. and Haloferax mucosum sp. nov., isolated from microbial mats from Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Australia. IJSEM 28:798-802. A halophilic archaeal medium [containing (g/L): Casamino acids, 7.5; yeast extract, 10.0; trisodium citrate, 3.00; NaCl, 150; KCl, 2.00; MgSO4 . 7H2O, 20.0; MgCl2 . 6H2O, 7.23; CaCl2 . 2H2O, 2.70; FeSO4 . 7H2O, 0.05; MnSO4.H2O, 0.0002; adjusted to pH 7.4; Goh et al., 2006] solidified with agar complex agar medium Carrine Blank A hypersaline, organic-rich, liquid culture medium containing mineral-salts, magnesium sulfate, citrate, casamino acids and yeast extract. Used for the cultivation of Haloferax. NOM-3 medium A hypersaline, liquid microbiological culture medium containing mineral-salts, pyruvate, lactate, formate, acetate, peptone, and yeast extract. Used for the cultivation of Halolamina pelagica and Halopelagius longus. Carrine Blank From: Heng-Lin Cui, Xia Gao, Xin Yang and Xue-Wei Xu. 2011. Halolamina pelagica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Halobacteriaceae. IJSEM 61:1617-1621. 1.0 g yeast extract 0.25 g fish peptone 0.25 g sodium pyruvate, 0.25 g sodium formate 0.25 g sodium acetate 0.25 g sodium lactate 5.4 g KCl, 0.3 g K2HPO4, 0.25 g CaCl2, 0.25 g NH4Cl, 26.8 g MgSO4 . 7H2O, 23.0 g MgCl2 . 6H2O and 184.0 g NaCl (adjusted to pH 7.0–7.2 with 1 M NaOH) cellulolytic rumen bacteria vitamin solution From: Scott HW, Dehority BA. 1965. Vitamin requirements of several cellulolytic rumen bacteria. J Bacteriol 89(5):1169-1175. Vitamins listed From Table 1 (mg per 100 mL) Pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.2 Riboflavine 0.2 Thiamine hydrochloride 0.2 Nicotinamide 0.2 Ca-D-pantothenate 0.2 p-Aminobenzoic acid 0.01 Folic acid 0.005 Biotin 0.005 B12 0.0005 Microbiological vitamin solution, used to support the growth of cellulolytic rumen bacteria. Contains pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, thiamine, nicotinamide, pathothenate, PABA (i.e. 4-aminobenzoic acid), biotin, and vitamin B12 (i.e. cobalalmin). Carrine Blank obligately hyperthermophilic Hyperthermophilic, can only grow at highly elevated temperatures (>85˚C). Carrine Blank psychrophilic Carrine Blank Temperature optimum quality, where growth rates at depressed temperatures (<20˚C) are higher than growth rates at ambient temperatures. obligately psychrophilic Carrine Blank Psychrophilic, can only grow at depressed temperatures (<20˚C). Allens medium Allen's medium Carrine Blank Allen, M. B. (1959). Studies with Cyanidium caldarium, an anomalously pigmented chlorophyte. Arch Mikrobiol 32, 270– 277. Table 2. Culture medium for Cyanidium caldarium Macroelements (NH4)2SO4, 0.01 M KH2PO4, 0.002 M MgSO4, 0.001 M CaCl2, 0.0005 M H2SO4, 0.001 M Microelements Fe, 4 mg/L Mn 0.5 mg/L B mg/L Zn mg/L Cu mg/L Mo mg/L V mg/L pH brought to 2 with sulfuric acid. A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing sulfuric acid. For the autotrophic growth of Cyanidium. modified Allen medium From: Li-Jun Liu,3 Xiao-Yan You,3 Xu Guo, Shuang-Jiang Liu and Cheng-Ying Jiang. 2011. Metallosphaera cuprina sp. nov., an acidothermophilic, metal-mobilizing archaeon. IJSEM 61:2395-2400. Allen medium modified by the addition of (l-1): 5 g elemental sulfur, 5 mmol K2S4O6, 10mmol Na2S2O3, 13.9 g FeSO4 . 7H2O, 5 g pyrite or 5 g chalcopyrite. K2S4O6, Na2S2O3 or FeSO4 were added as filter sterilized solutions to the sterilized basal Allen medium (121 ˚C for 20 min). A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing sulfuric acid, ferrous sulfate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, tetrathionate, and a metal sulfide (pyrite or chalcopyrite). For the autotrophic growth of Cyanidium. Carrine Blank psychrotolerant Temperature optimum quality, growth rates at moderate temperatures (20-40˚C) are higher than growth rates at other temperatures, but will tolerate lower temperatures. Carrine Blank temperature optimum quality A prokaryotic physiological quality relating the optimal temperature of a particular strain of prokaryotes. When these preferred conditions are met, the organism will exhibit cell division. Carrine Blank salinity optimum quality Carrine Blank A prokaryotic quality relating the optimal salinity of a particular strain of prokaryotes. When these preferred conditions are met, the organism will exhibit cell division. YPS-V medium Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing yeast extract and peptone in a PIPES buffered artificial seawater base. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. Used for the cultivation of Palaeococcus helgesonii. From: Jan P. Amend, D’Arcy R. Meyer-Dombard, Seema N. Sheth, Natalya Zolotova, Andrea C. Amend. Palaeococcus helgesonii sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, hyperthermophilic archaeon from a geothermal well on Vulcano Island, Italy. Arch Microbiol (2003) 179 : 394–401. contains (per l of water): 28.22 g NaCl, 11.53 g MgCl2·6H2O, 1.56 g MgSO4·7H2O, 0.70 g KCl, 0.20 g NaHCO3. 3 g yeast extract, 3 g peptone, 10 ml concentrated N/P solution (containing per l of water: 127.51 g NH4Cl, 60.50 g NaNO3, 4.61 g K2HPO4), 0.5 ml of a 2% resazurin solution as an oxygen indicator, 5 g of PIPES (piperazine-N,N′-bis[2-ethanesulfonic acid]) as pH buffer. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 with 1.0 N NaOH, and the medium was then autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 min. Subsequently, the following filtersterilized (0.2 μm) solutions were added: 10 ml trace element solution/l (containing per l of water: 11.424 g KBr, 1.024 g AlK(SO4)2·12H2O, 0.423 g MnSO4·H2O, 12.0 mg BaCl2·2H2O, 0.5 mg CoCl2·6H2O, 42.4 mg CuSO4·5H2O, 0.5 mg H2WO4, 0.4 mg Na2MoO4·2H2O, 15.8 mg NiCl2·6H2O, 8.5 mg VOSO4·3.5H2O, 36.5 mg ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.4 mg CdSO4·8/3H2O, 1.8 mg PbCrO4, 66.0 mg RbCl, 5.0 mg SrCl2·6H2O), 5 ml/l CaCl2 solution (containing per l of water: 13.25 g CaCl2·2H2O), and 2ml/l Fe-EDTA solution (containing per l of water: 1.54 g FeSO4·7H2O and 2.06 g Na2EDTA). The YPS-V medium was then heated to boiling and degassed under a steady stream of N2. Ten ml of anoxic medium were transferred to acid-washed Balch tubes (25 ml) containing ~0.3 g S˚ (sterilized by heating to 98 °C in an oven for at least 3 days with occasional stirring) under N2. Tubes were capped with butyl-rubber stoppers and Al crimp seals and pressurized with N2 to 3 bar. Prior to inoculation, growth tubes were reduced with 0.15 ml of a 2.5% Na2S solution. halophilic Salinity optimum quality, where growth rates at elevated salt concentrations are higher than growth rates at lower salt concentrations. Carrine Blank obligately halophilic Carrine Blank Halophilic, where growth occurs only at elevated salt concentrations. halotolerant Carrine Blank Salinity optimum quality, where some growth occurs at elevated salinity, but growth is fastest at lower salinity. pressure optimum quality Carrine Blank A prokaryotic physiological quality relating the optimal pressure of a particular strain of prokaryotes. When these preferred conditions are met, the organism will exhibit cell division. Brocks medium From: Brock TD, Brock KM, Belly RT, Weiss RL. 1972. Sulfolobus: A new genus of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria living at low pH and high temperature. Arch Mikrobiol 84:54-68. Culture Media. For most studies a basal salts medium modified from Allen (1959) was used. This medium contains (NH4)2SO4, 1.3g KH2PO4, 0.28 g MgSO4x7H2O, 0.25g CaCl2x2H2O, 0.07 g FeCl3x6H2O, 0.02g MnCl2x4H2O, 1.8 mg Na2B4O7x10H2O, 0.03 mg VOSO4x2H2O, 0.03 mg CoSO4, 0.01 mg The pH was adjusted with 10 N H2SO4 to pH 1 or 2. Organic supplements were added to the basal medim either as dry powder before autoclaving or from 100-fold concentrated sterile stock solutions (for sugars) after autoclaving. Elemental sulfur was sterilized by steaming in the dry state for 3 h on each of 3 successive days and added at a concentration of about 1 g/100 ml to sterile media. Brock's medium A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing sulfuric acid, elemental sulfur, and cobalt sulfate. For the growth of Sulfolobus spp. Carrine Blank obligately mesophilic Carrine Blank Psychrophilic, can only grow at moderate temperatures (20-45˚C). Berkefeld filter assay A prokaryotic size assay which uses a Berkefeld water filter with a particular pore size to determine the size of a prokaryotic cell. Carrine Blank prokaryotic size assay Carrine Blank A microbiological diagnostic assay which uses a water filter with a particular pore size to determine the size of a prokaryotic cell. Berkefeld N filter assay Carrine Blank A Berkefeld filter assay that tests whether a prokaryotic cell is small enough to pass through a Berkefeld filter candle with an intermediate pore size N (for Normal). Pore sizes average 0.45 microns in diameter. Berkefeld V filter assay Carrine Blank A Berkefeld filter assay that tests whether a prokaryotic cell is small enough to pass through a Berkefeld filter candle with a narrow pore size V (for Viel). Pore sizes average 0.38 microns in diameter. This is the most common filter size used to study the filterability of microorganisms. Allens medium supplemented Allen's medium supplemented with glucose and yeast extract Carrine Blank From: Ren-Long Jan, Jeffrey Wu, Shu-Miaw Chaw, Chien-Wei Tsai and Suh-Der Tsen. 1999. A novel species of thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus yangmingensis sp. nov. IJSB 49:1809-1816. .....modified Allen's medium supplemented with glucose and yeast extract under aerobic conditions at low pH.... A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing sulfuric acid, glucose, and yeast extract. For the growth of Sulfolobus yangmingensis. modified R2A agar From: Cui H-L et al. 2010. Halosarcina limi sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from a marine solar saltern, and emended description of the genus Halosarcina. Int J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:2462. CM2 Recipe: Per liter: Casamino acids (Difco), 0.5 g yeast extract (Difco), 0.5 g sodium pyruvate, 0.5 g fish peptone, 0.5 g glucose, 5.0 g sodium glutamate, 0.5 g trisodium citrate, 3.0 g KCl, 2.0 g K2HPO4, 0.3 g CaCl2, 0.5 g MgSO4x7H2O, 20 g NaCl, 230.0 g pH 7.0–7.2 A hypersaline, solid microbiological culture medium containing mineral-salts, magnesium sulfate, pyruvate, glucose, glutamate, citrate, and peptones. Used for the cultivation of Halogranum rubrum. Carrine Blank MR2A agar MH agar A hypersaline, organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing mineral-salts, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate, sodium bromide, and yeast extract. Used for the cultivation of Halorubrum aquaticum. Carrine Blank From: M. C. Gutierrez, A. M. Castillo, P. Corral, M. Kamekura and A. Ventosa. 2011. Halorubrum aquaticum sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from hypersaline lakes. IJSEM 61:1144-1148. Water samples were plated on agar plates of halophilic medium (MH), containing (per litre distilled water) 195 g NaCl, 32.5 g MgCl2 . 6H2O, 50.8 g MgSO4 . 7H2O, 0.8 g CaCl2, 5 g KCl, 0.16 g NaHCO3, 0.6 g NaBr, 5 g yeast extract 20 g agar (pH 7.5) modified LPBM basal medium From: SUSUMU ASAKAWA, HIROYUKI MORII, MASAYO AKAGAWA-MATSUSHITA, YOSUKE KOGA, AND KOICHI HAYANO. 1993. Characterization of Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus SA Isolated from a Paddy Field Soil and DNA-DNA Hybridization among M. arboriphilicus strains. IJSB 43(4):683-686. The basal medium used for enrichment and isolation of strain SA was a modification of LPBM (22), which contained (per liter of deionized water) 0.75 g of KH2P04, 0.75 g of K2HP04, 1.0 g of NH4Cl, 0.36 g of MgCl2.6H20, 9 ml of a trace mineral solution (13), 10 ml of a vitamin mixture solution (2), 0.5 ml of a 0.2% resazurin solution, 0.5 g of L-cysteine hydrochloride H2O, 0.5 g of Na2S.9H20, and 4.8 g of NaHCO3. For cultivation of Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus strains, the basal medium was supplemented with 0.1% yeast extract (Difco). For roll tubes, we added 0.1% yeast extract (Difco), 0.1% Polypeptone (Daigo Eiyo Co., Osaka, Japan), and 1.7% agar to the basal medium. The gas phase was H2-C02 (4:l) pressurized to 203 kPa, and the pH was 7.0. ******* From: Hiroyuki Morii, Masateru Nishihara and Yosuke Koga. 1983. Isolation, characterization and physiology of a new formate-assimilable methanogenic strain (A2) of Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus. Agric. Biol. Chem. 47(12):2781-2789. The trace mineral solution was as described by Zeikus(4) except that 0.03 g/liter NiCl2 was included. An organic-rich, liquid, anaerobic microbiological culture medium containing L-cysteine, mineral-salts, yeast extract, resazurin, sulfide, sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and H2 gas as a substrate for methanogenesis. Used for the cultivation of Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus. Modified by the addition of nickel (in the trace element solution). Carrine Blank Zeikus trace mineral solution A trace elements solution containing potassium hydroxide, nitrilotriacetic acid, ferrous chloride, manganese chloride, cobalt chloride, zinc chloride, calcium chloride, boric acid, and sodium molybdate. From: Zeikus JG. 1977. The biology of methanogenic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 41:514. Table 4 Trace mineral solution Contains, in grams per liter of distilled water (pH to 7.0 with KOH): nitrilotriacetic acid, 4.5; FeCl2 *4H20, 0.4; MnCl2 * 4H20, 0.1; CoCl2 * 6H2O, 0.17; ZnCl2, 0.1; CaC12, 0.02; H3BO3, 0.019; and sodium molybdate, 0.01. Carrine Blank Berkefeld W filter assay A Berkefeld filter assay that tests whether a prokaryotic cell is small enough to pass through a Berkefeld filter candle with a wider pore size W (for Wenig). Pore sizes average 0.43 microns in diameter. Carrine Blank LPBM basal medium From: Zeikus JG. 1977. The biology of methanogenic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 41:514. Table 4 Composition of basal medium (LPBM) used for selective enrichment and growth of some methanogenic species Component Amount KH2PO4 ........... ........... 0.75 g K2HPO4-3H2O ...................... 1.45 g NH4Cl ...................... 0.9 g MgCl2 H20 ................ ...... 0.2 g Na2S.9H2Ob ...................... 0.5 g Trace mineral solutionc ................. 9 ml Vitamin solutiond ................... 5 ml Resazurin solution (0.2%)e .............. 1 ml Distilled H20 ............ ....... 1,000 ml a Prepared anaerobically under a 95% N2-5% CO2 gas atmosphere. Medium adjusted to pH 7.4 prior to autoclaving. Basal medium requires the addition of an electron donor (H2, formate, or methanol) for enrichment or growth of methanogens. b Sulfide solution added after sterilization. e Contains, in grams per liter of distilled water (pH to 7.0 with KOH): nitrilotriacetic acid, 4.5; FeCl2 *4H20, 0.4; MnCl2 * 4H20, 0.1; CoCl2 * 6H2O, 0.17; ZnCl2, 0.1; CaC12, 0.02; H3BO3, 0.019; and sodium molybdate, 0.01. d Optional, some methanogens require a vitamin mixture (11, 113). e Optional, an oxidation-reduction indicator. ref 113: Wolin EA, Wolin MJ, Wolfe RS. 1963. Formation of methane by bacterial extracts. J Biol Chem 238(8):2882-2886. Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid, anaerobic microbiological culture medium containing mineral-salts, resazurin, sulfide, carbon dioxide, and either formate, methanol or H2 gas as a substrate for methanogenesis. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. Used for the cultivation of Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus. corn kernel Carrine Blank Plant embryo of corn (kernel). Halobacter agar A hypersaline, organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing mineral-salts, magnesium sulfate, yeast extract and casamino acids, and sodium glutamate. Used to culture Halobacter spp. Halobacter medium Carrine Blank From ATCC Medium: 2170 Halobacter Medium Yeast Extract……………………………….5.0 g Casamino acids…………………………...5.0 g Sodium Glutamate………………………..1.0 g KCl………………………………………….2.0 g Sodium citrate (tri-Na)…………………….3.0 g MgSO4 x 7H2O…………………………...20.0 g NaCl………………………………………..200.0 g FeCl2 x 4H2O…………………………….36.0 mg MnCl2 x 4H2O……………………………0.36 mg Agar……………………………………….20.0 g DI Water…………………………………..1000 ml Adjust pH to 7.0-7.2. Autoclave at 121ºC. Caution: Due to high salt concentration, agar may not gel firmly. If this happens, agar and salt may have to be sterilized separately and combined. ATCC Medium 2170 Zeikus trace mineral solution with nickel Zeikus trace mineral solution with nickel chloride added. Carrine Blank acetate agar medium A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium containing resazurin and acetate as a carbon source. Prepared under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and dinitrogen. For the growth of Methanosaeta (formerly Methanothrix). Carrine Blank From: S. H. Zinder, T. Anguish, and A. L. Lobo. 1987. Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic acetotrophic strain of Methanothrix. Arch Microbiol 146:315-322. Unless stated otherwise, the culture medium contained (g/l): NH4C1, 0.5; K2HPO4, 0.4; MgCI2x 6H2O, 0.1; resazurin, 0.001 ; trace metal solution (Zeikus 1977 except that 0.02 g/1 NiCI2x6H2O was added), 10 ml/1. The medium was either boiled under N2 (scrubbed of O2 by hot copper coils) or bubbled 20 min with N2 to make it anoxic, and was transferred into an anaerobic glove box (Coy Laboratory Products, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) where it was dispensed into 120 ml serum vials which were sealed with aluminum-crimp butyl rubber stoppers (Balch et al. 1979) purchased from Bellco Glass, Inc., Vineland, N J, USA. The vials were autoclaved at 121˚C for 20 minutes. The vial headspaces were flushed with sterile O2-scrubbed 70% N2/30% CO2 (Matheson Gas Products, Peoria, IL, USA) after which N2-flushed syringes were used to add the following sterile anoxic solutions to the following final concentrations: Na2S-9H20, 0.25 g/1 (ca. 1 mM); 2-mercaptoethane sulfonic acid, sodium salt (Sigma Chemical Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA), 1 mM; NaHCO3, 12 mM; CaCl2x2H2O, 0.1 g/l; sodium acetate, 40 mM; vitamin solution (Balch et al. 1979), 0.5ml/50ml. Cultures were routinely incubated at 60˚C, and the pH of the medium at 60˚C was 6.5. Bolds basal medium A mineral-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium. Used to support the autotrophic growth of Cyanobacteria. pH of the medium is 6.6 according to Algal Culturing Techniques, p. 437, copyright 2005. http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/media/table/bb.html NaNO3 (5.0 g/200 ml) 10.0 ml (~ 0.25 g) MgSO4·7H2O (1.5 g/200 ml) 10.0 ml (~ 0.75 g) NaCl (0.5 g/200 ml) 10.0 ml (~ 0.025 g) K2HPO4 (1.5 g/200 ml) 10.0 ml (~ 0.075 g) KH2PO4 (3.5 g/200 ml) 10.0 ml (~ 0.175 g) CaCl2·2H2O (0.5 g/200 ml) 10.0 ml (~ 0.025g) H3BO3 (1.14 g/100 ml) 1.0 ml (~ 0.114g) Trace elements solution 1.0 ml EDTA stock 1.0 ml Fe solution 1.0 ml Distilled water to 1.0 L For agar, add 15.0 g/L Bacteriological Agar* (Oxoid L11). Autoclave at 15 psi for 15 minutes. *Supplier: Unipath Ltd, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hants RG24 0PW, UK Trace elements solution: ZnSO4·7H2O 8.82 g MnCl2·4H2O 1.44 g MoO3 0.71 g CuSO4·5H2O 1.57 g Co(NO3)2·6H2O 0.49 g Distilled water to 1.0 L May need autoclaving to dissolve. EDTA stock: EDTANa2 5.0 g KOH 3.1 g Distilled water to 100 ml Fe solution: FeSO4·7H2O 4.98 g conc H2SO4 1.0 ml Distilled water to 1.0 L Carrine Blank Bold's basal medium Z-8 medium According to SCCAP the medium should have a final pH of 6-7. http://www.sccap.dk/media/freshwater/7.asp A dilute, mineral-salts, liquid microbiological medium comprised of magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium chloride, sodium carbonate, ferric chloride, disodium EDTA, and micronutrients. Used for the cultivation of autotrophic Cyanobacteria. Carrine Blank http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/media/table/Z8.html MgSO4·7H2O 0.25 g NaNO3 0.467 g Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 59 mg NH4Cl 31 mg Na2CO3 0.02 g FeEDTA solution 10 ml Gaffron micronutrients 1.0 ml Deionized water to 1.0 L FeEDTA solution: Made in two solutions: Solution A - 2.8 g FeCl3 in 100 ml 0.1 N HCl Solution B - 3.9 g EDTANa2 in 100 ml 0.1 N NaOH Add 10 ml solution A and 9.5 ml solution B plus water to 1 L. Gaffron micronutrients: H3BO3 3.1 g MnSO4·4H2O 2.23 g ZnSO4·7H2O 0.22 g (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O 0.088 g Co(NO3)2·6H2O 0.146 g VOSO4·6H2O 0.054 g Al2(SO4)3K2SO4·2H2O 0.474 g NiSO4(NH4)2SO4·6H2O 0.198 g Cd(NO3)2·4H2O 0.154 g Cr(NO3)3·7H2O 0.037 g Na2WO4·2H2O 0.033 g KBr 0.119 g KI 0.083 g Deionized water to 1 L olive fruit The fruit of the olive tree (an olive). Carrine Blank Gaffron micronutrient solution Carrine Blank http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/media/table/Z8.html Gaffron micronutrients: H3BO3 3.1 g MnSO4·4H2O 2.23 g ZnSO4·7H2O 0.22 g (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O 0.088 g Co(NO3)2·6H2O 0.146 g VOSO4·6H2O 0.054 g Al2(SO4)3K2SO4·2H2O 0.474 g NiSO4(NH4)2SO4·6H2O 0.198 g Cd(NO3)2·4H2O 0.154 g Cr(NO3)3·7H2O 0.037 g Na2WO4·2H2O 0.033 g KBr 0.119 g KI 0.083 g Deionized water to 1 L A trace elements solution containing boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, cobalt nitrate, vanadyl sulfate, nickel ammonium sulfate, cadmium nitrate, chromium nitrate, sodium tungstate, potassium bromide, and potassium iodide. soy bean seed The seed of a soy bean. Carrine Blank intracellular storage of phosphorus Carrine Blank Single-organism metabolic process, where the prokaryotic microorganism uses enzymes to synthesize a storage molecule (usually a polymer) inside the cell that is used to store phosphorus. prokaryote specialized with respect to pressure Carrine Blank Prokaryotic physiologically differentiated cell, where the cell is specialized with resect to its optimal growth pressure. prokaryote specialized with respect to salinity Carrine Blank Prokaryotic physiologically differentiated cell, where the cell is specialized with resect to its optimal growth salinity. prokaryote specialized with respect to temperature Carrine Blank Prokaryotic physiologically differentiated cell, where the cell is specialized with resect to its optimal growth temperature. TSBA100 agar http://www.nccs.res.in/mcc/Medium_64a.html TSBA100 TSB (Medium No. 64) 1.0 ml Distilled water 100 ml Agar 1.50 g Carrine Blank Tryptic soy broth diluted 100 times with water, solidified with agar added. TSBA100 TSB100 medium http://www.nccs.res.in/mcc/Medium_64a.html TSB100 TSB (Medium No. 64) 1.0 ml Distilled water 100 ml Carrine Blank Tryptic soy both diluted 100 times with water. BG 11 medium Carrine Blank A liquid, mineral-salts microbiological culture medium. Used to support the autotrophic growth of cyanobacteria. http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/media/table/BG11.html NaNO3 1.5 g K2HPO4 0.04 g MgSO4·7H2O 0.075 g CaCl2·2H2O 0.036 g Citric acid 0.006 g Ferric ammonium citrate 0.006 g EDTA (disodium salt) 0.001 g Na2CO3 0.02 g Trace metal mix A5 1.0 ml Agar (if needed) 10.0 g Distilled water 1.0 L The pH should be 7.1 after sterilization Trace metal mix A5: H3BO3 2.86 g MnCl2·4H2O 1.81 g ZnSO4·7H2O 0.222 g NaMoO4·2H2O 0.39 g CuSO4·5H2O 0.079 g Co(NO3)2·6H2O 49.4 mg Distilled water 1.0 L trace metal mix A5 A trace elements solution containing boric acid, manganese chloride, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate, and cobalt nitrate. Carrine Blank http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/media/table/BG11.html Trace metal mix A5: H3BO3 2.86 g MnCl2·4H2O 1.81 g ZnSO4·7H2O 0.222 g NaMoO4·2H2O 0.39 g CuSO4·5H2O 0.079 g Co(NO3)2·6H2O 49.4 mg Distilled water 1.0 L Christensen citrate agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing L-cysteine, D-glucose, citrate, yeast extract, a pH buffer and a pH indicator. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Sigma/Datasheet/3/c7595dat.pdf Product Description Christensen Citrate Agar is used for the differentiation of enteric pathogens and coliforms on the basis of citrate utilization. Organisms that metabolize citrate as a sole source of carbon cleave citrate to oxaloacetate and acetate via the citritase enzyme. Another enzyme, oxaloacetate decarboxylase, then converts oxaloacetate to pyruvate and CO2 . The CO2 combines with sodium and water to form sodium carbonate, an alkaline compound. As a result, the pH of the medium rises and the phenol red indicator changes from orange red to cerise. The yeast extract provides the necessary vitamins for the growth of the microorganisms. L- cysteine hydrochloride functions as a reducing agent. Dextrose is the fermentable carbohydrate. Sodium citrate is the energy source for the citrate utilizing organisms. Care should be taken while inoculating, as a too heavy inoculum may give a false positive result (4). Components Item g/L Yeast Extract 0.50 L-Cysteine Hydrochloride 0.10 Sodium Citrate 3.00 Dextrose 0.20 Monopotassium Phosphate 1.00 Sodium Chloride 5.00 Phenol Red 0.012 Agar 15.00 Final pH (at 25°C) 6.9 ± 0.2 Carrine Blank cetrimide nalidixic agar https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Fluka/Datasheet/11012dat.pdf 11012 Cetrimide Nalidixic acid Agar For the isolation and enumeration (MPN method) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from food products. Recommended by the "Schweizerisches Lebensmittelbuch" 2001., chapter 56A. Composition: Gelatine peptone, pancreatic 16.0 Casein hydrolysate 10.0 Potassium sulfate 10.0 Magnesium chloride 1.4 Cetrimide 0.2 Agar 15.0 Final pH 7.3+/- 0.2 at 37 °C Directions: Dissolve 52.6 g in 950 ml distilled water, add 10 ml glycerol (Fluka 49769) and sterilize by autoclaving at 121°C for 15 minutes. After cooling to 45-50°C add the rehydrate content of 1 vial Cetrimide Nalidixic acid Agar Supplement (Fluka 50225). Mix well. The prepared agar may contain slight precipitates. Principle and Interpretation: Gelatine peptone and Casein hydrolysate provides amino acids and other complex nitrogenous substances. Cetrimide (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; Fluka 52370) is incorporated in the medium to inhibit bacteria other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. lt acts as a quaternary ammonium compound and cationic detergent which causes nitrogen and phosphorus to be released from bacterial cells other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nalidixic acid present in the supplement improve the inhibition of the accompanying microbial flora (3, 4). For the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, plates of Cetrimide Agar should be inoculated from non-selective medium such as Brain Heart Infusion Broth (Fluka 70138) or Tryptone Soya Broth (Fluka 22092). If the count is high the test sample can be directly inoculated onto this medium. According the Schweizerisches Lebensmittelbuch (2) it is recommended to to put membrane filter, with different dilutions, directly on the agar plates. Glycerol is the carbon source. Magnesium chloride and potassium sulfate enhance the production pycocyanin and fluorescein. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies appear pigmented blue, bluegreen, red or nonpigmented but are fluorescent under UV light (360nm). An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium that contains cetrimide and nalidixic acid. Carrine Blank nalidixic acid-cetrimide agar coagulated egg medium http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CEEQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bd.com%2Feurope%2Fregulatory%2FAssets%2FIFU%2FHB%2FCE%2FBA%2FBA-257165.pdf&ei=L0_ZVJ6KCs-ryATu2YL4DQ&usg=AFQjCNH2fsKGxD4irxeJNurPKjLHCctpjA&sig2=T-2Ahw_G8MVq6GlpMrCnwQ&bvm=bv.85464276,d.aWw INTENDED USE BD Dorset Egg Medium, Modified is a prepared tubed, slanted, coagulated egg medium used for cultivation, maintenance and transport of pure cultures of mycobacteria and other fastidious and nonfastidious organisms. PRINCIPLES AND EXPLANATION OF THE PROCEDURE Microbiological method. BD Dorset Egg Medium, Modified is a modification of the whole egg medium described by Dorset.1 It is a nonselective medium well suited for the growth and maintenance of pure cultures of mycobacteria.2 More recently, it has also been used for the maintenance and transport of other bacterial species, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and enterotoxigenic E. coli at ambient temperature.3-5 Beef extract and peptone provide nutrients such as amino acids and organic phosphates. Whole egg mass contains complex nutrients necessary for bacterial and mycobacterial growth and, additionally, neutralizes toxic compounds. The inspissation process during the preparation of the medium provides the necessary solidity of the medium and inactivates bactericidal compounds contained in eggs such as lysozyme. REAGENTS BD Dorset Egg Medium, Modified Formula* Per Liter Purified Water Beef Extract 3.0 Peptone 5.0 Egg Mass (from whole fresh eggs) 750 ml pH 7.2 +/- 0.3 An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptone, beef extract, and coagulated egg. Used to grow Mycobacteria. Carrine Blank coagulated egg http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CEEQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bd.com%2Feurope%2Fregulatory%2FAssets%2FIFU%2FHB%2FCE%2FBA%2FBA-257165.pdf&ei=L0_ZVJ6KCs-ryATu2YL4DQ&usg=AFQjCNH2fsKGxD4irxeJNurPKjLHCctpjA&sig2=T-2Ahw_G8MVq6GlpMrCnwQ&bvm=bv.85464276,d.aWw INTENDED USE BD Dorset Egg Medium, Modified is a prepared tubed, slanted, coagulated egg medium used for cultivation, maintenance and transport of pure cultures of mycobacteria and other fastidious and nonfastidious organisms. PRINCIPLES AND EXPLANATION OF THE PROCEDURE Microbiological method. BD Dorset Egg Medium, Modified is a modification of the whole egg medium described by Dorset.1 It is a nonselective medium well suited for the growth and maintenance of pure cultures of mycobacteria.2 More recently, it has also been used for the maintenance and transport of other bacterial species, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and enterotoxigenic E. coli at ambient temperature.3-5 Beef extract and peptone provide nutrients such as amino acids and organic phosphates. Whole egg mass contains complex nutrients necessary for bacterial and mycobacterial growth and, additionally, neutralizes toxic compounds. The inspissation process during the preparation of the medium provides the necessary solidity of the medium and inactivates bactericidal compounds contained in eggs such as lysozyme. REAGENTS BD Dorset Egg Medium, Modified Formula* Per Liter Purified Water Beef Extract 3.0 Peptone 5.0 Egg Mass (from whole fresh eggs) 750 ml pH 7.2 +/- 0.3 Carrine Blank The homogenized whole egg of a chicken that has been coagulated by the process of inspissation (drying), used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Murashige and Skoog agar MS medium A minerals-salts, solid culture medium containing ammonium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate, and potassium nitrate as major salts. Used for the cultivation of plant cells (for plant cell culture). MS0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murashige_and_Skoog_medium Murashige and Skoog medium or (MSO or MS0 (MS-zero)) is a plant growth medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant cell culture. MSO was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K. Skoog in 1962 during Murashige's search for a new plant growth regulator. A number behind the letters MS is used to indicate the sucrose concentration of the medium. For example MS0 contains no sucrose and MS20 contains 20 g/l sucrose. Along with its modifications, it is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture experiments in laboratorium.[1] Ingredients Major salts (macronutrients) Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) 1,650 mg/l Calcium chloride (CaCl2 · 2H2O) 440 mg/l Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4 · 7H2O) 370 mg/l Potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) 170 mg/l Potassium nitrate (KNO3) 1,900 mg/l Minor salts (micronutrients) Boric acid (H3BO3) 6.2 mg/l Cobalt chloride (CoCl2 · 6H2O) 0.025 mg/l Cupric sulphate (CuSO4 · 5H2O) 0.025 mg/l Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4 · 7H2O) 27.8 mg/l Manganese sulphate (MnSO4 · 4H2O) 22.3 mg/l Potassium iodide (KI) 0.83 mg/l Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4 · 2H2O) 0.25 mg/l Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4·7H2O) 8.6 mg/l Na2EDTA · 2H2O 37.2 mg/l Vitamins and organics i-Inositol 100 mg/l Niacin 0.5 mg/l Pyridoxine · HCl 0.5 mg/l Thiamine · HCl 0.1 mg/l IAA 1–30 mg/l Kinetin 0.04–10 mg/l Glycine (recrystallized) 2.0 mg/l Edamin (lactalbumin hydrolysate) 1.0 g/l Agar 10 g/l An optimum pH of 5.8 should be maintained. Carrine Blank MSO Gifu anaerobic medium Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing L-cysteine, D-glucose, starch, the extracts of liver, beef and yeast, peptones, digested serum, and sodium thioglycollate. Thioglycollate and L-cysteine are reducing agents to provide anaerobiosis. GAM broth http://www.himedialabs.com/TD/M1801.pdf Ingredients Gms / Litre Peptic digest of animal tissue 10.000 Papaic digest of soyabean meal 3.000 Proteose peptone 10.000 Digested serum 13.500 Yeast extract 5.000 Beef extract 2.200 Liver extract 1.200 Dextrose 3.000 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.500 Sodium chloride 3.000 Starch, Soluble 5.000 L-Cysteine hydrochloride 0.300 Sodium thioglycollate 0.300 Final pH ( at 25°C) 7.3±0.1 Principle And Interpretation Gifu Anaerobic Medium (GAM Broth) is a liquid medium for anaerobic bacteria. As this medium contains the digested serum which has hemin, it is successfully used for cultivation of anaerobic organisms such as streptococci, pneumonococci and meningococci. This medium is also suitable for blood culture (1). Anaerobic organisms require reducing condition and an absence of dissolved oxygen in the medium. Strict anaerobes obtain its energy and intermediates through oxidation utilizing hydrogen acceptors other than oxygen. Pre-reducing the medium by boiling to drive off the oxygen can expel this (2). Sodium thioglycollate and L-Cysteine are the reducing agents added in this medium to provide adequate anaerobiosis. Anaerobic bacteria vary in their sensitivy to oxygen and nutritional requirements (3). Peptic digest of animal tissue and yeast extract provide nitrogen, carbon and vitamin source. Starch absorbs the toxic metabolites produced (4). Hemin serves as essential growth factor and Sodium chloride maintains osmotic equilibrium (5). Moeller KCN broth KCN broth Carrine Blank From: Moeller KCN Broth Base (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Moeller KCN Broth Base, when supplemented with a solution of potassium cyanide, is used in the differentiation of enteric bacilli on the basis of their ability to grow promptly in the presence of cyanide. Principles of the Procedure The addition of 0.15 mL of a 0.5% solution of potassium cyanide to each of the prepared tubes of the nutritive base enables differentiation of members of various genera within the Enterobacteriaceae family. Moeller KCN Broth Base Approximate Formula* Per Liter Purified Water Pancreatic Digest of Casein ........................................1.5 g Peptic Digest of Animal Tissue ..................................1.5 g Sodium Chloride ..........................................................5.0 g Monopotassium Phosphate ........................................0.225 g Disodium Phosphate ....................................................5.64 g pH 7.6 DSMZ Medium 1071 DSM strains: An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of polypeptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium molybdate, copper chloride, and ferric chloride. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1071.pdf 1071. PY-BROTH Polypepton 2.000 g Bacto yeast extract (Difco) 0.500 g NaCl 30.000 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 5.000 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.005 g Na2MoO4 x 7 H2O 0.005 g CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.004 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.006 g Agar 15.000 g Distilled water 1000.000 ml pH 8.0 © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank peptone yeast broth PY medium PY broth Eugon agar From: Eugon Agar (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Eugon Agar is a general-purpose medium used for cultivating a wide variety of microorganisms. Principles of the Procedure Peptones provide the nitrogen, vitamins and amino acids in Eugon Agar. The high concentration of dextrose is the energy source for rapid growth of bacteria. L-Cystine and sodium sulfite are added to stimulate growth. Sodium chloride maintains the osmotic balance of the media. The high carbohydrate content along with high sulfur (cystine) content improves growth with chromogenicity.2 Agar is the solidifying agent in Eugon Agar. Formula Difco™ Eugon Agar Approximate Formula* Per Liter Proteose Peptone No. 3................................................ 7.5 g Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 7.5 g Soy Peptone................................................................. 5.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 5.5 g L-Cystine...................................................................... 0.7 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 4.0 g Sodium Sulfite.............................................................. 0.2 g Agar.......................................................................... 15.0 g pH 7.0 An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing L-cystine, D-glucose, peptones, and sodium sulfite. Carrine Blank barophile 1.0 1.0 Prokaryote specialized with respect to pressure, which grows optimally at elevated pressures. Carrine Blank Eugon broth Eugonbroth An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing L-cystine, D-glucose, peptones, and sodium sulfite. Carrine Blank From: Eugon Broth (Becton-Dickinson Difco and BBL Manual of Microbiological Culture Media, 2nd edition): Intended Use Eugon Broth (Eugonbroth™) is a general-purpose medium used for the cultivation of fastidious and nonfastidious bacteria from a variety of clinical and nonclinical specimens. Principles of the Procedure Peptones supply amino acids and other nitrogenous substances to support bacterial growth. L-cystine is an essential amino acid that improves growth. Dextrose is incorporated as a source of energy and sodium chloride provides osmotic equilibrium. Sodium sulfite along with the cystine content improves growth with chromogenicity. Formula Bacto™ Eugon Broth Approximate Formula* Per Liter Proteose Peptone No. 3................................................ 7.5 g Pancreatic Digest of Casein.......................................... 7.5 g Soy Peptone................................................................. 5.0 g Dextrose...................................................................... 5.5 g L-Cystine...................................................................... 0.7 g Sodium Chloride.......................................................... 4.0 g Sodium Sulfite.............................................................. 0.2 g pH 7.0 obligate barophile 1.0 1.0 Carrine Blank A barophile, which grows only at elevated pressures. digested serum Carrine Blank Microbiological medium ingredient, derived from the acid hydrolysis of proteins in (blood) serum. liver extract An aqueous (water) extract of the dried liver of a mammal (typically a cow), used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank liver infusion http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/jcm/jcm_grmd?GRMD=13 To prepare liver extract, put 10 g liver powder in 170 ml water, keep at 50 to 60C for 1 hr, boil for 5 min, adjust pH to 7.2 and filter. facultative barophile 1.0 1.0 Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to pressure, which grows at elevated pressures and at atmospheric pressure. lactalbumin hydrolysate edamin An enzymatic hydrolysate of lactalbumin (a milk protein from cow's milk, Bos taurus) made using hydrolytic enzymes, used for the culturing of microorganisms. Carrine Blank http://www.neogen.com/Acumedia/pdf/ProdInfo/7465_PI.pdf Intended Use Lactalbumin Hydrolysate is an enzymatic digest of lactalbumin for use in preparing microbiological culture media. Principles of the Procedure Lactalbumin Hydrolysate provides nitrogen, amino acids, vitamins, and carbon in microbiological culture media. casein hydrolysate Microbiological medium ingredient, derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of milk protein. An enzymatic hydrolysate of casein (a milk protein from cow's milk, Bos taurus), used for the culturing of microorganisms. Carrine Blank halophile 1.7 1.7 Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to salinity, which grows optimally at salinities of > 1.7%. Gs medium From: Hai-Qin Tan, Tian-Tian Li, Chu Zhu, Xin-Qi Zhang, Min Wu and Xu-Fen Zhu. 2012. Parabacteroides chartae sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic species from wastewater of a paper mill. IJSEM 62:2613-2617. The initial enrichment used medium Gs [containing l-1 distilled water: 10 g NaCl, 1.0 g MgCl2 . 6H2O, 0.5 g K2HPO4, 0.7 g KH2PO4, 0.025 g FeSO4 . 7H2O, 0.2 g CaCl2 . 2H2O, 1.0 g urea, 5 g yeast extract (Difco), 5 g tryptone, 1 ml trace element solution SL-10 (Widdel et al., 1983), 0.4 g L-cysteine and 0.001 g resazurin based on phosphate buffer pH table, the pH of this medium should be around 6.7. http://www.uslims.uthscsa.edu/po4buffers.php Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing urea, L-cysteine, resazurin, tryptone, and yeast extract. Used for the cultivation of Parabacteroides chartae. trace elements solution SL-10 A trace elements solution containing hydrochloric acid, ferrous chloride, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, boric acid, sodium molybdate, nickel chloride, and copper chloride. Carrine Blank From: ATCC Medium 2734 Trace element solution SL10 The components of the trace element solutions SL10 (Widdel et al. 1983) are added and dissolved in the order listed. 25% HCl……………………………………………….10 ml FeCl2x4H2O………………………………………….1.5 g CoCl2x6H2O………………………………………….190 mg MnCl2x4H2O………………………………………….100 mg ZnCl2…………………………………………………..70 mg H3BO3………………………………………………….6 mg Na2MoO4x2H2O……………………………………..36 mg NiCl2x6H2O…………………………………………..24 mg CuCl2x2H2O………………………………………….2 mg DI Water……………………………………………….1000 ml The trace element solution is autoclaved under air, in 25 ml aliquots in 50 ml screw-capped bottles. Large stocks do not need to be sterilized for storage. microbiological medium ingredient, derived from aqueous extracts Carrine Blank Undefined mixture of complex organic compounds derived from animal, fish, plant materials or soil, produced by the process of aqueous extraction (extraction using water, such as hot water). Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Gram-positive bacteria Carrine Blank Gram-negative bacteria Carrine Blank obligate halophile Carrine Blank Halophilies, which only growt at salinities of > 1.7%. facultative halophile Prokaryote specialized with respect to salinity, which can grow at salinities of > 1.7% or at lower salinities. Carrine Blank facultative thermophile Prokaryote specialized with respect to temperature, which grows optimally at moderate temperatures (20-45˚C), but can tolerate higher temperatures. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1071 agar DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1071.pdf 1071. PY-BROTH Polypepton 2.000 g Bacto yeast extract (Difco) 0.500 g NaCl 30.000 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 5.000 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.005 g Na2MoO4 x 7 H2O 0.005 g CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.004 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.006 g Agar 15.000 g Distilled water 1000.000 ml pH 8.0 © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved PY agar An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of polypeptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium molybdate, copper chloride, ferric chloride and agar. Carrine Blank mildly reducing microbiological culture medium A microbiological culture medium containing mild reducing agents (sodium thioglycollate or L-cysteine) which maintain a moderately low redox and hence promote the growth of facultative anaerobes. Carrine Blank strongly reducing microbiological culture medium A microbiological culture medium containing strong reducing agents (such as sodium sulfide) which maintain a very low redox and hence promote the growth of anaerobes and strict anaerobes. Carrine Blank pH quality Culture medium quality with respect to the concentration of hydrogen ions, on a logarithmic scale. Carrine Blank strongly acidic pH Carrine Blank Culture medium where the pH value is below 4.0. acidic pH Carrine Blank Culture medium where the pH value is below 6.5. near neutral pH Carrine Blank Culture medium where the pH value is between 6.5 and 7.5. alkaline pH Carrine Blank Culture medium where the pH value is above 7.5. strongly alkaline pH Culture medium where the pH value is above 10.0. Carrine Blank strongly reducing redox Strongly reducing conditions dominated by the presence of cysteine, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, sodium sulfide (hydrogen sulfide), dithionite, or titanium citrate. Carrine Blank mildly reducing redox Weakly reducing conditions dominated by the presence of organosulfides or thiosulfate as the reducing agent, but not sodium sulfide or hydrogen sulfide. zzzz Carrine Blank oxidizing redox Carrine Blank Oxidizing conditions due to the presence of oxygen. hyperacidophile 4.0 Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to pH, which grows optimally at extremely acidic pH values (pH <4). acidophile 4.0 6.0 Prokaryote specialized with respect to pH, which grows optimally at moderately acidic pH values (pH 4-6). Carrine Blank hyperalkaliphile 10.0 Prokaryote specialized with respect to pH, which grows optimally at extremely alkaline pH values (pH >10). Carrine Blank obligate acidophile 4.0 6.0 Alcidophile, only grows between pH 4-6. Carrine Blank alkaliphile 8.0 10.0 Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to pH, which grows optimally at moderately alkaline pH values (pH 8-10). prokaryote specialized with respect to pH Carrine Blank Prokaryotic physiologically differentiated cell, where the cell is specialized with resect to its optimal growth pH. oxidizing microbiological culture medium A microbiological culture medium lacking reducing agents (such as thioglycollate, L-cysteine, or sodium sulfide) while also having oxygen present. Promotes the growth of facultative anaerobes and aerobes. Carrine Blank redox quality Culture medium quality with respect to the oxidation-reduction potential of the medium. Carrine Blank obligate hyperacidophile 4.0 Hyperalcidophile, only grows below pH 4. Carrine Blank neutrophile 6.0 8.0 Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to pH, which grows optimally at circumneutral pH values (pH 6-8). obligate alkaliphile 8.0 10.0 Carrine Blank Alkaliphile, only grows between pH 8-10. obligate hyperalkaliphile 10.0 Carrine Blank Hyperalkaliphile, only grows above pH 10. moderately alkaline pH Carrine Blank Culture medium where the pH value is between 8.5 and 10. slightly alkaline pH Culture medium where the pH value is between 7.5 and 8.5. Carrine Blank slightly acidic pH Carrine Blank Culture medium where the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.5. moderately acidic pH Carrine Blank Culture medium where the pH value between 5.5 and 4.0. strongly acidic microbiological culture medium Carrine Blank Microbiological culture medium with a pH value below 4.0. moderately acidic microbiological culture medium Microbiological culture medium that has a pH value between 5.5 and 4.0. Carrine Blank slightly acidic microbiological culture medium Carrine Blank Microbiological culture medium with a pH value between 5.5 and 6.5. near neutral pH microbiological culture medium Microbiological culture medium that has a pH value between 6.5 and 7.5. Carrine Blank slightly alkaline microbiological culture medium Microbiological culture medium with a pH value between 7.5 and 8.5. Carrine Blank moderately alkaline microbiological culture medium Microbiological culture medium with a pH value between 8.5 and 10. Carrine Blank strongly alkaline microbiological culture medium Carrine Blank Microbiological culture medium with a pH value above 10.0. alkaline microbiological culture medium Carrine Blank Microbiological culture medium that has a pH value less than 6.5. acidic microbiological culture medium Microbiological culture medium that has a pH value above 8.5. Carrine Blank aerotolerant prokaryote A prokaryote which is capable of growth in the absence of oxygen. Can grow or live in the presence of oxygen. Carrine Blank facultative psychrophile Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to temperature, which grows optimally at moderate temperatures (20-45˚C), but can tolerate lower temperatures. microbiological assay of lysis of blood cells Microbiological reactivity to lymphatic materials assay, where the assay is for the cytolysis (lysis) of blood cells. Carrine Blank microbiological assay of inhibition of blood clotting Carrine Blank A microbiological diagnostic assay that tests for the inhibition of blood clotting using blood plasma. microbiological assay of promotion of blood clotting A microbiological ractivity to lymphatic materials assay, which assays for the promotion of blood clotting. Carrine Blank microbiological assay of binding to blood cells Carrine Blank A microbiological reactivity to blood assay, to determine whether a microorganism causes blood cells to clump or a microorganism can adhere to blood cells. hemolysis A process of cytolysis, where a microorganism secretes a protein(s) which results in the formation of a pore in the membranes of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or leucocytes (white blood cells) and thus causing the cells to lyse. Carrine Blank Wikipedia:hemolysis_(microbiology) An assay for the capability of a microorganism to lyse red blood cells (hemolysis, haemolysis). Hemolysis is induced by the secretion of various hemolysins by particular pathogenic strains of bacteria. Hemolysins can be proteins or lipids which act by disrupting the membranes of red blood cells. alpha-hemolysis Wikipedia:hemolysis_(microbiology) Alpha-haemolysis occurs when an organism secretes alpha-haemolysin, a protein which forms a pore in the membranes of red blood cells. This leads to the formation of colonies on blood agar that have a dark greenish appearance. The green color is caused by peroxidation of hemoglobin (presence of biliverdin). Carrine Blank A process of hemolysis, where a protein secreted by a microorganism results in the formation of a pore in the membranes of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and thus causing the cells to lyse. beta-hemolysis Wikipedia:hemolysis_(microbiology) Beta hemolysis (β-hemolysis), is caused by the secretion of beta-hemolysin by a pathogenic bacterium. Beta-hemolysin is a protein which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, releasing phosphoryl choline and resulting in lysis fo the red blood cell. The result are colonies on blood agar that are surrounded by a yellow, transparent zone. A process of hemolysis, where a protein (beta-hemolysin) secreted by a microorganism results in the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin in erythrocytes (red blood cells) and thus causing the cells to lyse. Carrine Blank gamma-hemolysis Carrine Blank Wikipedia:hemolysis_(microbiology) Gamma hemolysis, caused by the secretion of gamma-hemolysin, results in the lysis of leucocytes (white blood cells). Red blood cells are unaffected, and therefore do not show hemolytic activity on blood agar plates. A process of hemolysis, where a protein (gamma-hemolysin) secreted by a microorganism results in the formation of a pore in the membranes of leukocytes (white blood cells) and thus causing the cells to lyse. gamma-hemolysin Wikipedia: hemolysin γ-Hemolysin Unlike beta-hemolysin, it has a higher affinity for phosphocholines with short saturated acyl chains, especially if they have a conical form, whereas cylindrical lipids (e.g., sphingomyelin) hinder its activity. The lytic process, most commonly seen in leucocytes, is caused by pore formation induced by an oligomerized octamer that organizes in a ring structure. Once the prepore is formed, a more stable one ensues, named β-barrel. In this final part, the octamer binds with phosphatidylcholine.[8] Carrine Blank A hemolysin protein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus. Form pores in target blood cells. gamma-haemolysin From: Dalla Serra M, Coraiola M, Viero G, Comai M, Potrich C, Ferreras M, Baba-Moussa L, Colin DA, Menestrina G, Bhakdi S, Prévost G. 2005. Staphylococcus aureus bicomponent gamma-hemolysins, HlgA, HlgB, and HlgC, can form mixed pores containing all components. J Chem Inf Model 45(6):1539-45. Staphylococcal gamma-hemolysins are bicomponent toxins forming a protein family with leucocidins and alpha-toxin. Two active toxins (AB and CB) can be formed combining one of the class-S components, HlgA or HlgC, with the class-F component HlgB. These two gamma-hemolysins form pores with marked similarities to alpha-toxin in terms of conductance, nonlinearity of the current-voltage curve, and channel stability in the open state. AB and CB pores, however, are cation-selective, whereas alpha-toxin is anion-selective. gamma-Hemolysins' pores are hetero-oligomers formed by three or four copies of each component (indicated as 3A3B and 3C3B or 4A4B and 4C4B). Point mutants located on a beta-strand of the class-S component that forms part of the protomer-protomer contact region can prevent oligomer assembly. Interestingly, these mutants inhibit growth of pores formed not only by their natural components but also by nonstandard components. This lead to the hypothesis that mixed ABC pores could also be formed. By studying the conductance of pores, assembled in the presence of all three components (in different ratios), it was observed that the magnitudes expected for mixed pores were, indeed, present. We conclude that the gamma-hemolysin/leucocidin bicomponent toxin family may form a larger than expected number of active toxins by cross-combining various S and F components. beta-hemolysin beta-haemolysin A hemolysin protein secreted by Group A Streptococci (Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S) which causes complete lysis of red blood cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (granulocytes), and lymphocytes. Also, a beta-hemolysin protein is secreted by Staphylococcus aureus which involves the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, which causes cell death. Carrine Blank Wikipedia: Hemolysin β-hemolysin Upon investigating sheep erythrocytes, its toxic mechanism was discovered to be the hydrolysis of a specific membrane lipid, sphingomyelin, which accounts for 50% of the cell’s membrane. This degradation was followed by a noticeable rise of phosphoryl-choline due to the release of organic phosphorus from sphingomyelin and ultimately caused cell lysis.[7] alpha-hemolysin Hla A hemolysin protein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, which forms a pore in the membranes of human immune cells, in particular T-cells, monocytes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Pore formation results in apoptosis of the immune cell, resulting in cell lysis and death. Wikipedia:Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin Alpha-toxin, also known as alpha-hemolysin (Hla), is the major cytotoxic agent released by bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the first identified member of the pore forming beta-barrel toxin family.[1] This toxin consists mostly of beta-sheets (68%) with only about 10% alpha-helices. The hla gene on the S. aureus chromosome encodes the 293 residue protein monomer, which forms heptameric units on the cellular membrane to form a complete beta-barrel pore. This structure allows the toxin to perform its major function, development of pores in the cellular membrane, eventually causing cell death. alpha-toxin alpha-haemolysin Carrine Blank hemolysin Wikipedia: Hemolysin Hemolysins (UK spelling: haemolysins) are lipids and proteins that cause lysis of red blood cells by destroying their cell membrane. Although the lytic activity of some microbe-derived hemolysins on red blood cells may be of great importance for nutrient acquisition, many hemolysins produced by pathogens do not cause significant destruction of red blood cells during infection. Although hemolysins are capable of doing this for red blood cells in vitro. As mentioned above, most hemolysins are protein compounds, but others are lipids biosurfactants.[1] Carrine Blank haemolysin Lipids or proteins that cause the lysis (cytolysis) of blood cells or immune cells. tryptic soy agar with sheep blood Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid medium containing animal and plant peptones and sodium chloride. Supplemented with sheep blood. Streptolysin O Carrine Blank A beta protein found in Streptococcus, acts with Streptolysin S to form cell pores which cause hemolysis. Streptolysin S Carrine Blank A beta protein found in Streptococcus, acts with Streptolysin O to form cell pores which cause hemolysis. mesophile 20.0 45.0 20.0 45.0 Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to temperature, which grows optimally at moderate temperatures (20-45˚C). HlgA protein Carrine Blank A gamma-hemolysin protein found in Staphylococcus aureus, acts with HlgB and HlgC to form cell pores which cause hemolysis. HlgB protein A gamma-hemolysin protein found in Staphylococcus aureus, acts with HlgA and HlgC to form cell pores which cause hemolysis. Carrine Blank HlgC protein Carrine Blank A gamma-hemolysin protein found in Staphylococcus aureus, acts with HlgA and HlgB to form cell pores which cause hemolysis. sunlight Electromagnetic radiation from the Sun that reaches the surface of the Earth. Wikipedia: Light Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The word usually refers to visible light, which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight.[1] Visible light is usually defined as having a wavelength in the range of 400 nanometres (nm), or 400×10−9 m, to 700 nanometres – between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths).[2][3] Often, infrared and ultraviolet are also called light. The main source of light on Earth is the Sun. Sunlight provides the energy that green plants use to create sugars mostly in the form of starches, which release energy into the living things that digest them. This process of photosynthesis provides virtually all the energy used by living things. Historically, another important source of light for humans has been fire, from ancient campfires to modern kerosene lamps. With the invention of electricity, electric lighting has all but replaced firelight. Some species of animals generate their own light, called bioluminescence. For example, fireflies use light to locate mates, and vampire squids use it to hide themselves from prey. Carrine Blank heterotrophy A prokaryotic metabolic process where the carbon or energy sources are organic compounds. From: Worden AZ, Follows MJ, Giovannoni SJ, Wilken S, Zimmerman AE, Keeling PJ. 2015. Rethinking the marine carbon cycle: Factoring in the multifarious lifestyles of microbes. Science 347, DOI: 10.1126/science.1257594. (ii) Osmotrophy: Cells take up organic material from the external environment as small molecules or macromolecules. osmotrophy Carrine Blank autotrophy From: Worden AZ, Follows MJ, Giovannoni SJ, Wilken S, Zimmerman AE, Keeling PJ. 2015. Rethinking the marine carbon cycle: Factoring in the multifarious lifestyles of microbes. Science 347, DOI: 10.1126/science.1257594. (i) Primary producer: Generates organic carbon by photosynthesis and CO2 fixation (the role traditionally played by phytoplankton). A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where carbon dioxide is the source of carbon. Carrine Blank primary production prokaryotic metabolically differentiated cell Carrine Blank A prokaryotic differentiated cell that carries out a specific metabolic role, and is therefore metabolically differentiated. nano-sized cell 2.0 20.0 2.0 20.0 Carrine Blank nano-sized A prokaryotic cell, where the width of the cell is between 2 and 20 microns (um). autotroph A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of autotrophy, where carbon dioxide is the source of carbon. Carrine Blank Wikipedia: Autotroph An autotroph[α] ("self-feeding", from the Greek autos "self" and trophe "nourishing") or "producer", is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). They are the producers in a food chain, such as plants on land or algae in water, in contrast to heterotrophs as consumers of autotrophs. They do not need a living energy or organic carbon source. Autotrophs can reduce carbon dioxide to make organic compounds for biosynthesis and also create a store of chemical energy. Most autotrophs use water as the reducing agent, but some can use other hydrogen compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. Phototrophs (green plants and algae), a type of autotroph, convert physical energy from sunlight into chemical energy in the form of reduced carbon. pico-sized cell 0.2 2.0 0.2 2.0 pico-sized Carrine Blank A prokaryotic cell, where the width of the cell is between 0.2 and 2 microns (um). obligate mesophile 20.0 45.0 20.0 45.0 A mesophile which can only grow at moderate temperatures (20-40˚C). Carrine Blank psychrophile 20.0 20.0 Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to temperature, which grows optimally at depressed temperatures (< 20˚C). heterotroph From: Worden AZ, Follows MJ, Giovannoni SJ, Wilken S, Zimmerman AE, Keeling PJ. 2015. Rethinking the marine carbon cycle: Factoring in the multifarious lifestyles of microbes. Science 347, DOI: 10.1126/science.1257594. (viii) Symbioses: Defined here as mutualistic relationships where one species lives on or within another species (Fig. 3 inset shows a diatom with N2-fixing cyanobacteria on its spines). Wikipedia: Heterotroph A heterotroph (/ˈhɛtərɵtroʊf/; ἕτερος heteros = "another", "different" and τροφή trophe = "nutrition") is an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth.[1][2] Heterotrophs can be further divided based on how they obtain energy; if the heterotroph uses light for energy, then it is considered a photoheterotroph, while if the heterotroph uses chemical energy, it is considered a chemoheterotroph. Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of heterotrophy where the carbon or energy sources are organic compounds. planktonic environment euplanktonic An environmental system occupied by a microorganism that floats in a column of water, where the organisms cannot actively swim against the current. planktic planktonic cells free floating Wikipedia: Plankton Plankton (singular plankter) are a diverse group of organisms that live in the water column and cannot swim against a current.[1] They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales. These organisms include drifting animals, protists, archaea, algae, or bacteria that inhabit the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water; that is, plankton are defined by their ecological niche rather than phylogenetic or taxonomic classification. Though many planktonic species are microscopic in size, plankton includes organisms covering a wide range of sizes, including large organisms such as jellyfish.[2] The adjective planktonic is widely used in both the scientific and popular literature, and is a generally accepted term. However, from the standpoint of formal grammar the less commonly used planktic is more strictly the correct adjective. When deriving English words from their Greek or Latin roots the gender specific ending (in this case "-on," which indicates the word is neuter) is normally dropped, using only the root of the word in the derivation.[7] Carrine Blank phototroph A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of phototrophy, where light is the energy source. Carrine Blank lithotrophy A prokaryotic respiratory metabolic process where the oxidation and reduction of inorganic chemical compounds is the energy source. Wikipedia: Lithotroph Lithotrophs are a diverse group of organisms using inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.[1] Known chemolithotrophs are exclusively microbes; no known macrofauna possesses the ability to utilize inorganic compounds as energy sources. Macrofauna and lithotrophs can form symbiotic relationships, in which case the lithotrophs are called "prokaryotic symbionts". An example of this is chemolithotrophic bacteria in giant tube worms or plastids, which are organelles within plant cells that may have evolved from photolithotrophic cyanobacteria-like organisms. Lithotrophs belong to either the domain Bacteria or the domain Archaea. The term "lithotroph" was created from the Greek terms 'lithos' (rock) and 'troph' (consumer), meaning "eaters of rock". Many lithoautotrophs are extremophiles, but this is not universally so. Different from a lithotroph is an organotroph, an organism which obtains its reducing agents from the catabolism of organic compounds. Carrine Blank mixotroph Wikipedia:Mixotroph A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon. Possible alternations are between photo- and chemotrophy, between litho- and organotrophy, between auto- and heterotrophy or a combination of it. Mixotrophs can be either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. They can take advantage of different environmental conditions. If a trophic mode is obligate, then it is always necessary for sustaining growth and maintenance; if facultative, it can be used as a supplemental source. Some organisms have incomplete Calvin cycles, so they are incapable of fixing carbon dioxide and must use organic carbon sources. Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of mixotrophy, where phototrophy and heterotrophy co-occur at the same instance in time. respirer Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of respiration, which involves the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds and involves an electron transport chain. autotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where carbon dioxide is the source of carbon. Carrine Blank phototrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where light is the energy source, and the electron donor is an inorganic compound. Carrine Blank chemotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source. Carrine Blank lithotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the oxidation and reduction of inorganic chemical compounds is the energy source. Carrine Blank filter paper Crystalline cellulose comprised of microcrystalline or nanocrystalline cellulose fibers, commercially purified and prepared as filter paper. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 167 A liquid minerals salt medium containing sodium nitrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium chloride, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, dipotassium phosphate, potassium dibasic phosphate, yeast extract, and filter paper (a source of pure microcrystalline cellulose). Used for the cultivation of Sporocytophaga. Sporocytophaga medium DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium167.pdf 167. SPOROCYTOPHAGA MEDIUM NaNO3 2.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 1.00 g KCl 0.50 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 6.00 mg KH2PO4 0.14 g K2HPO4 1.20 g Yeast extract 0.02 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.2. Place a strip of sterile filter paper into a culture tube containing 5 ml of medium, thereby leaving 1 - 2 cm of the strip outside of the medium. For DSM 11118 it is recommended to use the following modified medium for the reactivation of freeze-dried samples: Prepare agar plates of medium 167 by supplementing medium with 1.5% (w/v) agar. Place 4 pieces of sterile filter paper on each agar plate. Suspend freeze-dried content of the inner vial of one ampoule with 0.5 ml of liquid medium 167 and inoculate each piece of the filter paper with 1 large drop of the cell suspension. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank heterotrophic Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the carbon and energy sources are organic compounds. mixotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where phototrophy and heterotrophy co-occur at the same instance in time. Carrine Blank chemolithotrophic Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, and the electron donor is an inorganic compound. chemolithoautotrophic Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide. chemolithoheterotrophic Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. chemoorganotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, and the electron donor is an organic compound. Carrine Blank chemo-organotrophic chemoorganoautotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide. Carrine Blank chemoorganoheterotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. Carrine Blank photolithotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where light is the energy source, and the electron donor is an inorganic compound. Carrine Blank photolithoautotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide Carrine Blank photolithoheterotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. Carrine Blank photoorganotrophic Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality where light is the energy source, and the electron donor is an organic compound. photoorganoautotrophic Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an carbon dioxide. photoorganoheterotrophic A prokaryotic metabolic quality where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. Carrine Blank prokaryotic metabolic quality The metabolic quality of a prokaryotic microorganism. Carrine Blank respiratory metabolic quality Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality which involves the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds and involves an electron transport chain. fermentative metabolic quality A prokaryotic metabolic quality where the carbon and energy sources are organic compounds. Is an anaerobic process which does not require an electron transport system. Carrine Blank fermentative dark fermentation dark fermentative Carrine Blank facultative (photo)heterotroph A prokaryotic metabolic process that involves fermentation in the dark. Is carried out by photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms. dark fermentative Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality that involves fermentation in the dark. Is carried out by photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms. photofermentative Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic quality that involves fermentation in the light. Is carried out by photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms. chemotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of chemotrophy, where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source. lithotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of lithotrophy, where the oxidation and reduction of inorganic chemical compounds is the energy source. fermenter A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of fermentation, where the carbon and energy sources are organic compounds. Is an anaerobic process which does not require an electron transport system. Carrine Blank dark fermenter A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of fermentation in the dark. Is carried out by photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms. Carrine Blank photofermenter A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of fermentation in the light. Is carried out by photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms. Carrine Blank chemolithotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of chemolithotrophy, where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, and the electron donor is an inorganic compound. chemolithoautotroph A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of chemolithoautotrophy, where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide. Carrine Blank chemolithoheterotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of chemolithoheterotrophy, where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. chemoorganotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of chemoorganotrophy, where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, and the electron donor is an organic compound. chemoorganoautotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of chemoorganoautotrophy, where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide. chemoorganoheterotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of chemoorganoheterotrophy, where the oxidation and reduction of chemical compounds is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. photolithotroph A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of photolithotrophy, where light is the energy source, and the electron donor is an inorganic compound. Carrine Blank photolithoautotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of photolithoautotrophy, where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is carbon dioxide photolithoheterotroph A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of photolithoorganotrophy, where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an inorganic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. Carrine Blank photoorganotroph A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of photoorganotrophy, where light is the energy source, and the electron donor is an organic compound. Carrine Blank photoorganoautotroph A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of photoorganoautotrophy, where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an carbon dioxide. Carrine Blank photoorganoheterotroph Carrine Blank A prokaryote capable of carrying out the role of photoorganoheterotrophy, where light is the energy source, the electron donor is an organic compound, and the carbon source is an organic compound. (an)aerophile Carrine Blank A prokaryote which is either an aerobe, anaerobe, or facultative anaerobe. aerobe A prokaryote which is capable of growth in the presence of oxygen. Carrine Blank aerobes microaerobe A prokaryote which is capable of growth in the presence of oxygen, where the oxygen concentration is less than atmospheric levels. Carrine Blank obligate aerobe obligately aerobe A prokaryote which is capable of growth in the presence of oxygen. Is incapable of anaerobic growth (growth in the absence of oxygen). Carrine Blank strict aerobe anaerobe A prokaryote which is capable of growth in the absence of oxygen. Carrine Blank anaerobes structurally distinct colony A colony having distinct morphology that manifests in the appearance of the relative position of the parts of the colony. Carrine Blank obligate anaerobe obligately anaerobe Carrine Blank obligately anaerobes A prokaryote which is capable of growth in the absence of oxygen. Cannot grow or live in the presence of oxygen. fastidious anaerobe strict anaerobe obligate anaerobe facultative anaerobe Carrine Blank A prokaryote which is capable of growth in the presence of oxygen or in the absence of oxygen. colony having distinct process quality A prokaryotic colony that has a distinct process quality characteristics. Carrine Blank (an)aerobiosis A prokaryotic metabolic process where a microorganism grows (undergoes cell division) in the presence or absence of oxygen. Carrine Blank facultative anaerobiosis Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic process where the organism is capable of aerobic growth if oxygen is present and is capable of anaerobic growth if oxygen is absent. anaerobiosis A prokaryotic metabolic process where the organism grows in the absence of oxygen. Carrine Blank aerotolerance Carrine Blank A prokaryotic metabolic process where an anaerobic microorganism can grow in the presence of oxygen, but cannot use oxygen as an energy source. obligate anaerobiosis A prokaryotic metabolic process where the organism grows in the absence of oxygen. Cannot grow or live in the presence of oxygen. Carrine Blank aerobiosis A prokaryotic metabolic process where the organism grows in the presence of oxygen. Carrine Blank obligate aerobiosis A prokaryotic metabolic process where the organism grows in the presence of oxygen. Is incapable of anaerobic growth (growth in the absence of oxygen). Uses only oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. Carrine Blank microaerobiosis A prokaryotic metabolic process where the organism grows in the presence of oxygen, where the oxygen concentration is less than atmospheric levels. Can use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor through the process of aerobic respiration. Can also have anaerobic metabolic capabilities. Carrine Blank culture medium quality Quality of a microbiological culture medium. Carrine Blank ChEBI terms to be added and processed zzzz *-7 and above labels have not been submitted to ChEBI as new terms yet. The numbers at the end of the temporary class labels help map entities in logical axioms, once the classes have been entered into ChEBI. Carrine Blank obligate psychrophile 20.0 20.0 Carrine Blank A psychrophile which can only grow at depressed temperatures (<20˚C). thermophile 45.0 85.0 45.0 85.0 Prokaryote specialized with respect to temperature, which grows optimally at elevated temperatures (45-85˚C). Carrine Blank hyperthermophile 85.0 85.0 Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to temperature, which grows optimally at elevated temperatures (>85˚C). obligate thermophile 45.0 85.0 45.0 85.0 A thermophile which can only grow at elevated temperatures (45-85˚C). Carrine Blank obligate hyperthermophile 85.0 85.0 Carrine Blank A hyperthermophile which can only grow at elevated temperatures (>85˚C). prokaryotic physiologically differentiated cell Carrine Blank Prokaryotic differentiated cell, where the cell is specialized to a particular physical condition with respect to temperature, salinity, or pressure. optimal growth temperature Carrine Blank The optimal growth temperature of a prokaryotic microorganism, which is the temperature at which it undergoes the most rapid pace of growth and cell division. differentiated akinete position relative to heterocytes Cyanobacterial filament where the position of akinetes is differentiated with respect to the physical position of heterocytes. Carrine Blank inorganic chemical sensitivity assay Carrine Blank An assay for the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of a potentially growth inhibiting inorganic chemical. pH optimum quality A prokaryotic physiological quality relating the optimal pH of a particular strain of prokaryotes. When these preferred conditions are met, the organism will exhibit cell division. Carrine Blank neutrophilic Carrine Blank pH optimum quality, where growth rates at circumneutral pH values (pH 6-8) are higher than growth rates at other pH values. alkaliphilic Carrine Blank pH optimum quality, where growth rates at moderately alkaline pH values (pH 8-10) are higher than growth rates at other pH values. hyperacidophilic pH optimum quality, where growth rates at highly acidic pH values (pH < 4) are higher than growth rates at other temperatures. Carrine Blank acidophilic pH optimum pH optimum quality, where growth rates at moderately acidic pH values (pH 4-6) are higher than growth rates at other pH values. Carrine Blank hyperalkaliphilic pH optimum quality, where growth rates at highly alkaline pH values (pH >10) are higher than growth rates at other temperatures. Carrine Blank acidotolerant pH optimum quality, where growth rates at circumneutral pH values (pH 6-8) are higher than growth rates at other temperatures, but will tolerate lower pH values. Carrine Blank alkalitolerant pH optimum quality, where growth rates at circumneutral pH values (pH 6-8) are higher than growth rates at other temperatures, but will tolerate higher pH values. Carrine Blank facultative acidophile Carrine Blank Prokaryote specialized with respect to pH, which grows optimally at circumneutral pH values (pH 6-8), but can tolerate lower pH values. facultative alkaliphile Prokaryote specialized with respect to pH, which grows optimally at circumneutral pH values (pH 6-8), but can tolerate higher pH values. Carrine Blank obligately neutrophilic Carrine Blank Neutrophilic, can only grow between pH 6-8. basal cellulolytic medium BC medium From: Robert C, Bernalier-Donadille A. 2003. The cellulolytic microflora of the human colon: evidence of microcrystalline cellulose-degrading bacteria in methane-excreting subjects. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 46:81-89. Cellulolytic bacteria were enumerated in the basal cellulolytic (BC) medium containing, per litre: 200 ml clarified rumen fluid, 75 ml mineral solution I, 75 ml mineral solution II, 10 ml trace element solution [17], 10 ml vitamin solution [18], 10 ml volatile fatty acid solution [18], 0.5 g yeast extract, 1.0 g tryptone, 1 ml resazurin (0.1%), 1 ml hemin (0.1%), 20 ml cysteine sulfide-reducing agent, 2.5 g NaHCO3. Mineral solution I was composed of 6.0 g l31 K2HPO4 and mineral solution II contained, per litre, 6.0 g KH2PO4, 12 g (NH4)2SO4, 12.0 g NaCl, 1.2 g MgSO4, 1.2 g CaCl2. The cysteine sulfide-reducing agent contained 1.25% (w/v) each cysteine-HCl*H2O and Na2S*9H2O. A piece of Whatman No. 1 filter paper cellulose (50 mg) was added to each tube before the addition of the prereduced BC medium (10 ml per tube). After incubation at 37˚C for 21 days, cellulose utilisation in the culture tubes of each dilution inoculated (10^3-10^9) was detected visually by noting degradation of the filter paper. [17] Balch, W.E., Fox, G.E., Magrum, L.J., Woese, C.R. and Wolfe, R.S. (1979) Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group. Microbiol. Rev. 43, 260-296. [18] Scott, H.W. and Dehority, B.A. (1965) Vitamin requirements of several cellulolytic bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 89, 1169-1175. From: Scott HW, Dehority BA. 1965. Vitamin requirements of several cellulolytic rumen bacteria. J Bacteriol 89(5):1169-1175. Volatile Fatty Acids, from Table 1 (mg per 100 mL): Acetic acid 133.0 Isobutyric acid 6.6 Isovaleric acid 8.0 Valeric acid 8.0 A liquid, mineral-salts microbiological culture medium. Used to support the autotrophic growth of cellulolytic bacteria that also require rumen fluid. Contains rumen fluid, minerals salts, Balch trace element solution, vitamins, volatile fatty acids, yeast extract, tryptone, resazurin, hemin, cystine hydrochloride, sodium sulfide, sodium bicarbonate and filter paper (as a cource of cellulose). BCM Carrine Blank Balch trace elements solution Carrine Blank From: Balch WE et al, 1979. Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group. Microbiol Rev 43(2):260. 10 mL trace minerals (pH to 7.0 with KOH; per liter: nitrilotriacetic acid, 1.5 g; MgSO4x7H2O, 3.0 g; MnSO4x2H2O, 0.5 g; NaCl, 1.0 g; FeSO4x7H2O, 0.1g; CoSO4 or CoCl2, 0.1 g; CaCl2x2H2O, 0.1 g; ZnSO4, 0.1 g; CuSO4x5H2O, 0.01 g; AlK(SO4)2, 0.01 g; H3BO3, 0.01 g; Na2MoO4x2H2O, 0.01g); dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid with KOH to pH 6.5 then proceed to add minerals) A trace elements solution containing KOH, nitrilotriacetic acid, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate dihydrate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, cobalt sulfate (or cobalt chloride), calcium dichloride dihydrate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, aluminum potassium sulfate, boric acid, and disodium molybdate dihydrate. enriched tryptic soy agar A solid, organic rich culture medium based on trytic soy agar. Also contains additional yeast extract, potassium nitrate, sodium lactate, sodium succinate, sodium formate, hemin, menadione (vitamin K3), L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, glucose, sodium fumarate, sodium carbonate, and defibrinated sheep's blood. Prepared under an atmosphere of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. enriched trypticase soy agar Carrine Blank ETSA ATCC medium 1257 ETSA medium ATCC medium: 1257 ETSA medium Trypticase Soy Agar (BD 211043)...40.0 g Yeast extract......................1.0 g Agar...............................4.0 g KNO3 ...............................0.5 g Sodium lactate, 60% syrup..........1.3 ml Sodium succinate...................0.5 g Sodium formate.....................0.5 g Hemin Solution (see below).........1.0 ml Distilled water..................924.0 ml Autoclave the above solution at 121C for 15 minutes. Cool to 55C. Aseptically add the following, freshly prepared, filter-sterilized solutions in the order listed: Menadione Solution (see below).....2.0 ml 4% L-Cysteine . HCl...............10.0 ml 0.5% Dithiothreitol (DTT).........10.0 ml 10% Glucose.......................10.0 ml 1% Sodium fumarate.................2.0 ml 4% Na2CO3 .........................10.0 ml Defibrinated sheep blood..........30.0 ml This medium solidifies very quickly and should be maintained at 50-55C while dispensing. Aseptically tube the sterile completed medium under an anaerobic atmosphere of 80% N2, 10% CO2, 10% H2. Plug the tubes with butyl rubber stoppers. A note of caution: Hydrogen gas can be explosive in the concentration used in preparing this medium. Gas tanks should be equipped with spark arrestors. Hemin Solution: KOH................................1.12 g 95% Ethanol......................100.0 ml Hemin............................200.0 mg Distilled water..................100.0 ml Dissolve KOH in water. Add ethanol and hemin. Menadione Solution: Menadione (Vitamin K3)............50.0 mg 95% Ethanol.......................50.0 ml Distilled water...................50.0 ml Dissolve menadione in ethanol; then add water. Filter-sterilize solution. optimal growth osmolarity Carrine Blank The optimal growth salinity (osmolarity) of a prokaryotic microorganism, which is the salinity (osmolarity) at which it undergoes the most rapid pace of growth and cell division. optimal growth pH Carrine Blank The optimal growth pH of a prokaryotic microorganism, which is the pH at which it undergoes the most rapid pace of growth and cell division. obligately alkaliphilic Carrine Blank Acialkaliphilic, can only grow between pH 8-10. obligately acidophilic Acidophilic, can only grow between pH 4-6. Carrine Blank obligately hyperalkaliphilic Hyperacialkaliphilic, can only grow above pH 10. Carrine Blank obligately hyperacidophilic Hyperacidophilic, can only grow below pH 4. Carrine Blank obligate neutrophile 6.0 8.0 Carrine Blank Neutrophile, only grows between pH 6-8. defibrinated sheep blood From:https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Sheep Blood, Defibrinated is sheep blood that has been treated to denature fibrinogen without causing cell lysis. It has been shown to be the most accurate blood preparation for the determination of hemolytic activity of streptococci.(3) Sheep blood also contains enzymes that hydrolyze V-factor, thereby inhibiting growth of V-factor dependent Haemophilus haemolyticus which potentially could be misidentified as hemolytic streptococci.(3) Defibrinated sheep blood is free of anticoagulant or preservative. Because washed cell suspensions could result in fragile, hemolyzed blood cells, defibrinated sheep blood is not recommended as a source of washed cells. From: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/defibrinated+blood defibrinated blood - whole blood from which fibrin has been separated during the clotting process. Blood medium ingredient comprised of sheep's (Ovis aries) blood that has been definbrinated (where fibrin has been removed from the blood). Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank defibrinated sheep's blood anaerobe basal agar Carrine Blank A solid, organic rich microbiological medium for the growth of anaerobes. Contains peptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, starch, dextrose (D-glucose), sodium pyruvate, arginine, sodium succinate, L-cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bicarbonate, ferric pyrophosphate, hemin, vitamin K, dithiothreitol, and agar. From: http://www.oxoid.com/UK/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0972 Typical Formula* gm/litre Peptone 16.0 Yeast extract 7.0 Sodium chloride 5.0 Starch 1.0 Dextrose 1.0 Sodium pyruvate 1.0 Arginine 1.0 Sodium succinate 0.5 L-cysteine HCl 0.25 Sodium bicarbonate 0.4 Ferric pyrophosphate 0.5 Haemin 0.005 Vitamin K 0.0005 Dithiothreitol 0.25 Agar 12.0 pH 6.8 ± 0.2 defibrinated horse blood Carrine Blank Blood medium ingredient comprised of horse's (Equus caballus) blood that has been definbrinated (where fibrin has been removed from the blood). Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Horse Blood, Defibrinated is horse blood that has been treated to denature fibrinogen without causing cell lysis. It is used to supplement blood agar bases. It does not release V-factor hydrolyzing enzymes, and supports the growth of the hemolytic Haemophilus species. Defibrinated horse blood is free of anticoagulant or preservative. Because defibrinated horse blood may result in "incorrect" hemolytic reactions as compared to reactions on sheep blood media, definitive tests are recommended for the differentiation of group D streptococci from group A.(3) PYG medium From: http://www.hopebiol.com/medium/p13HB0398.htm Formula:(g/L) peptone 20.0g glucose 5.0g Baptist yeast powder 10.0g NaCl 0.08g Cysteine hydrochloride 0.5g Calcium chloride 0.008g MgSO4 0.008g K2HPO4 0.04g KH2PO4 0.04g sodium bicarbonate 0.4g PH 7.1-7.3 Carrine Blank PYG PYG broth base An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing peptone, glucose, and yeast powder. Also contains minerals salts. yeast powder An undefined organic chemical mixture, derived from deactivated, dehydrated yeast (cells or Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Wikipedia: Nutritional yeast Nutritional yeast is a deactivated yeast, often a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is sold commercially as a food product. It is sold in the form of flakes or as a yellow powder and can be found in the bulk aisle of most natural food stores. It is popular with vegans and vegetarians and may be used as an ingredient in recipes or as a condiment.[1] Nutritional yeast is different from yeast extract, which has a very strong flavour and comes in the form of a dark brown paste. Carrine Blank LBM5 medium LBM medium diluted 1 to 5. Carrine Blank alpha-aminobutyric acid assimilation assay a-aminobutyric acid assimilation alpha-aminobutyrate 2-aminobutyrate a-aminobutyrate assimilation 2-aminobutyric acid assimilation alpha-aminobutyrate assimilation Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate alpha-aminobutyrate (alpha-aminobutyric acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. a-aminobutyric acid alpha-aminobutyric acid Carrine Blank a-aminobutyrate alpha-aminobutyric acid assimilation 2-aminobutyrate assimilation 2-aminobutyric acid poly(ethylene glycol) assimilation assay Carrine Blank PEG Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate poly(ethylene) glycol as a sole source of carbon and energy. polyethylene glycol poly(ethylene) glycol beta-glucuronidase assay with 4-MU MUGLR Carrine Blank An assay for the activity of beta-glucuronidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide. Beta-glucuronidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-MU (4-methylumbelliferone), which is fluorescent. A positive result is fluorescent; a negative result is not fluorescent. aconitic acid assimilation assay aconitate aconitate assimilation Carrine Blank aconitic acid Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate aconitic acid (aconitate) as a sole source of carbon and energy. aconitic acid assimilation trans-aconitic acid assimilation assay Assays for the ability of a microorganism to assimilate trans-aconitate (trans-aconitic acid) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Carrine Blank transaconitate trans-aconitate trans-aconitate assimilation trans-aconitic acid assimilation trans-aconitic acid beta-galactosidase assay with 4-MU MUGAL An assay for the activity of beta-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. Beta-galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-MU (4-methylumbelliferone), which is fluorescent. A positive result is fluorescent; a negative result is not fluorescent. Carrine Blank 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase assay beta-galactosidase 6-phosphate b-PGAL 6-phospho beta-galactosidase beta-PGAL Carrine Blank 6-phospho-b-galactosidase 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside 6-phosphogalactohydrolase A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay for the activity of 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase in a microorganism which carries out the following reaction: 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O <=> 6-phospho-D-galactoside + an alcohol 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase assay with oNP ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate ONP-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate ortho-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate 2-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate oNP-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate oNP-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate 2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate An assay for the activity of 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate. 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase (beta-galactosidase 6-phosphate) will cleave the substrate, producing 2-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate Carrine Blank o-nitrophenyl-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate alpha-galactosidase assay with 4-MU An assay for the activity of alpha-galactosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. Alpha-galactosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-MU (4-methylumbelliferone), which is fluorescent. A positive result is fluorescent; a negative result is not fluorescent. 4-MU-a-D-galactoside a-D-GAL 4-MU-alpha-D-galactoside Carrine Blank alpha-D-GAL beta-glucosidase assay with 4-MU 4-MU-b-D-glucoside 4-MU-beta-D-glucoside An assay for the activity of beta-glucosidase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside. Beta-glucosidase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-MU (4-methylumbelliferone), which is fluorescent. A positive result is fluorescent; a negative result is not fluorescent. Carrine Blank butyrate esterase assay 4-MU-butyrate Carrine Blank Test for butyrate esterase activity in a microorganism using the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-butyrate. Esterase that can hydrolyze butyrate will cleave the substrate, producing 4-MU (4-methylumbelliferone), which is fluorescent. A positive result is fluorescent; a negative result is not fluorescent. butyryl-4-MU butyrate esterase activity Carrine Blank A carboxylic ester hydrolase activity, acting on buytrate derivatives. hydrolase assay Carrine Blank A carbohydrate hydrolysis assay, specifically analyzing for the presence of hydrolases (such as lipases or esterases) in a microorganism. DNAse assay with indoxyl A DNse assay with uses 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-thymidine-3-phosphate as a substrate. DNase cleaves the substrate, producing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxyindole, which is oxidized into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-indigo, which is intensely blue. A positive result is intensely blue; a negative result is colorless. Carrine Blank DNase assay with pNP Carrine Blank An assay for the activity of DNase in a microorganism. Uses the substrate 4-nitrophenol-thymidine-5-monophosphate. DNase will cleave the substrate, producing 4-nitrophenol which is yellow. A positive result is yellow; a negative result is colorless. thymidine-5-monophosphate-PNP ester prokaryotic cultured clonal cell population Carrine Blank A cultured clonal cell population comprised of prokaryotic cells. Could be manifested as a colony or a liquid culture derived from a single individual (a homogenous population founded by a single individual, or clone). indoxyl acetate hydrolysis assay Carrine Blank indoxyl acetate reaction An assay for bacterial hydrolytic assays which use indoxyl acetate as a substrate. In the presence of oxygen, released indoxyl will turn an indigo color indicating a positive reaction. Assays for the following reaction: Indoxyl acetate + H2O <=> Indoxyl + acetic acid culture tube Carrine Blank A test tube used to culture a microorganism. petri dish A device used to culture microorganisms on solid microbiological culture medium. Carrine Blank prokaryotic clonal liquid culture A prokaryotic cultured clonal cell population housed in a test tube which uses a culture tube with liquid culture medium as a substrate to support growth. Carrine Blank RapID 32 system Carrine Blank RapID™ ANA II System, a set of specialized identification kits that contain 32 reagents designed to identify particular types of microorganisms. fildes enrichment Blood medium ingredient comprised of a peptic digest of sheep (Ovis aries) or horse (Equus caballus) blood, serves as a source of hemin and NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Fildes Enrichment is a peptic digest of sheep or horse blood that serves as a rich source of growth factors including hemin (X-factor) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (V-factor). Carrine Blank hemin solution From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Hemin Solution is a mixture of hemin and NaOH. Carrine Blank A defined organic solution comprised of a solution of hemin (derived from blood) and sodium hydroxide. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. dried bovine hemoglobin A blood medium ingredient comprised of bovine (Bos taurus) hemoglobin that has been dried (i.e. has a decreased water content), providing a source of hemin. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Hemoglobin, Dried Bovine is used to provide hemin required by many fastidious microorganisms. hemoglobin solution From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Hemoglobin Solution, 2% provides hemin required by many fastidious microorganisms. A defined organic solution comprised of hemoglobin, providing a source of hemin. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank oxalated horse blood Blood medium ingredient comprised of horse (Equus caballus) blood, where potassium oxalate has been added to prevent coagulation. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Horse Blood, Oxalated is horse blood that has been treated with potassium oxalate as an anticoagulant. horse blood with heparin Blood medium ingredient comprised of horse (Equus caballus) blood where heparin has been added to prevent coagulation. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Carrine Blank From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Horse Blood, with Heparin is whole horse blood treated with the anticoagulant heparin. Heparin-binding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been suggested to increase the organism's virulence in primary infection and in extrapulmonary dissemination(5). DSMZ Medium 1 NA An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium comprised of peptone, meat extract, and agar. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1.pdf 1. NUTRIENT AGAR Peptone 5.0 g Meat extract 3.0 g Agar, if necessary 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.0. For Bacillus strains the addition of 10.0 mg MnSO4 x H2O is recommended for sporulation. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved nutrient agar DSM strains: 29601 Achromobacter animicus nutrient agar medium NA agar DSMZ Medium 10 Carrine Blank Zymonomas medium An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing Bacto peptone, yeast extract and glucose. Used for the cultivation of Zymomonas. DSM strains: Zymomonas agar http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium10.pdf 10. ZYMOMONAS MEDIUM Bacto peptone 10.0 g Yeast extract 10.0 g Glucose 20.0 g Agar if required 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 101 agar An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing beef extract, peptone and sodium chloride (30g/L). Used for the cultivation of general heterotrophic microorganisms. Carrine Blank nutrient agar with sodium chloride nutrient agar with NaCl DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium101.pdf 101. NUTRIENT AGAR or BROTH WITH NaCl Peptone 5.0 g Meat extract 3.0 g NaCl 30.0 g Agar, if necessary 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2010 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 101 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium101.pdf 101. NUTRIENT AGAR or BROTH WITH NaCl Peptone 5.0 g Meat extract 3.0 g NaCl 30.0 g Agar, if necessary 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2010 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank nutrient broth medium with NaCl An organic-rich, liquid microbiological culture medium containing beef extract, peptone and sodium chloride (30g/L). Used for the cultivation of general heterotrophic microorganisms. nutrient broth with NaCl nutrient broth with sodium chloride DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 102 Flavobacterium aquatile medium An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing sodium caseinate, yeast extract, proteose peptone, potassium phosphate, and agar. Used for the cultivation of Flavobacterium aquatile. Carrine Blank Flavobacterium aquatile agar http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium102.pdf 102. FLAVOBACTERIUM AQUATILE MEDIUM Na-caseinate 2.0 g Yeast extract 0.5 g Proteose peptone 1.0 g K2HPO4 0.5 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.4. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 1000 A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of sodium chloride, potassium phosphate, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, ferric sulfate, nickel chloride, sotium selenate, sodium silicate, and trace minerals. Prepared under at atmosphere of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Mjanhox-nitrate medium with supplement Mjanhox-NO3 medium with supplement Carrine Blank DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1000.pdf 1000. MJANHOX-NO3 MEDIUM WITH SUPPLEMENT NaCl 3.000 g K2HPO4 0.014 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.014 g NH4Cl 0.040 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.340 g MgCl2 x 6 H20 0.418 g KCl 0.033 g Fe2(SO4)3 x X H2O 0.005 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.005 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.005 mg Na2SiO3 x 9 H20 0.500 g Trace mineral solution (see below) 1.000 ml Distilled water 1000.000 ml Before autoclaving, the pH of the Medium is adjusted with NaOH to 7.5-8.0. After autoclaving, the filter-sterilized vitamin solution (0.1% volume), and each of the separately autoclaved, concentrated solutions are added to the medium at a final concentration described below. Then a mix gas (80% H2, 20% CO2) is purged for 5 min. Finally, the mix gas is compressed into gas phase (> 80% volume of the tube or bottle) at 3 atm. Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 10 mM NaHCO3 0.20 % NaNO3 0.05 % Trace mineral solution: nitrilotriacetic acid 1.500 g MnSO4 x 2 H2O 0.500 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.500 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.180 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.010 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.020 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.010 g © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved trace mineral solution for DSMZ Medium 1000 Carrine Blank A trace elements solution containing nitrilotriacetic acid, manganese sulfate, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, boric acid, and sodium molybdate. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1000.pdf 1000. MJANHOX-NO3 MEDIUM WITH SUPPLEMENT NaCl 3.000 g K2HPO4 0.014 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.014 g NH4Cl 0.040 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.340 g MgCl2 x 6 H20 0.418 g KCl 0.033 g Fe2(SO4)3 x X H2O 0.005 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.005 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.005 mg Na2SiO3 x 9 H20 0.500 g Trace mineral solution (see below) 1.000 ml Distilled water 1000.000 ml Before autoclaving, the pH of the Medium is adjusted with NaOH to 7.5-8.0. After autoclaving, the filter-sterilized vitamin solution (0.1% volume), and each of the separately autoclaved, concentrated solutions are added to the medium at a final concentration described below. Then a mix gas (80% H2, 20% CO2) is purged for 5 min. Finally, the mix gas is compressed into gas phase (> 80% volume of the tube or bottle) at 3 atm. Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 10 mM NaHCO3 0.20 % NaNO3 0.05 % Trace mineral solution: nitrilotriacetic acid 1.500 g MnSO4 x 2 H2O 0.500 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.500 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.180 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.010 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.020 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.010 g © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved sodium caseinate Undefined mixtures of complex organic compounds derived from the milk proteins (casein) of a mammal, where the casein has been complexed with sodium. Used in the cultivation of microorganisms. Na-caseinate Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1001 A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, vitamin mix, and mineral mix. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. Sodium acetate and iron-NTA are then added. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1001.pdf 1001. BASAL MEDIUM NaHCO3 2.500 g NH4Cl 0.250 g NaH2PO4 x H2O 0.600 g KCl 0.100 g Vitamin Mix (see below) 10.000 ml Mineral Mix (see below) 10.000 ml Distilled water 980.000 ml This medium should not be exposed to direct sunlight! Add all basal medium ingredients. Bring the final volume of the medium to 1.0 liter. Dispense to appropriate culture containers. Bubble the medium with 80:20 N2:CO2 (final pH sould be 6.8 to 7.0) - approximately 10 ml of media (anaerobic culture tube) should be gassed for 5 min in the aqueous phase (bubbled) and the headspace gassed for one minute prior to sealing the container. Sterilize per usual procedure. Add electron donor (Acetate-final conc. of 10 mM-recipe below) and electron acceptor (Fe(III)NTA-final conc. of 10 mM-recipe below) from sterile, anaerobic stock solutions using a sterile syringe and needle flushed with anaerobic gas. Store out of direct light. 1.0 M Acetate Stock Solution: Add 13.6 g sodium acetate to ca. 80 ml distilled water. Bring to final volume of 100 ml. Bubble with anaerobic gas (nitrogen) for 45 min. Seal and sterilize. 500 mM Fe(III)NTA Stock solution: Add 8.2 g NaHCO3 to ca. 70 ml distilled water. Add 12.8 g of Na3Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) to ca. 70 ml distilled water. Add 13.5 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O to ca 70 ml distilled water. Adjust pH to 6.5 using 10N NaOH. Bring solution to final volume of 100 ml. Ingredients will go into solution after stirring for ca. 15 min. Bubble with anaerobic gas (N2) for 45 min and then filter sterilize (0.2 μm filter) into a sterile, anaerobic, serum bottle. Vitamin mixture: Biotin 2.000 mg Folic acid 2.000 mg Pyridoxine HCl 10.000 mg Riboflavin 5.000 mg Thiamine 5.000 mg Nicotinic acid 5.000 mg Pantothenic acid 5.000 mg Vitamin B12 0.100 mg p-aminobenzoic acid 5.000 mg Thioctic acid 5.000 mg Distilled water 1000.000 ml Mineral mixture: NTA 1.500 g MgSO4 3.000 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.500 g NaCl 1.000 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.100 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.100 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.100 g ZnCl2 0.130 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.010 g AlK(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.010 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 0.025 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.024 g Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.025 g Distilled water 1000.000 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: basal medium Carrine Blank basal medium mineral mixture http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1001.pdf 1001. BASAL MEDIUM NaHCO3 2.500 g NH4Cl 0.250 g NaH2PO4 x H2O 0.600 g KCl 0.100 g Vitamin Mix (see below) 10.000 ml Mineral Mix (see below) 10.000 ml Distilled water 980.000 ml This medium should not be exposed to direct sunlight! Add all basal medium ingredients. Bring the final volume of the medium to 1.0 liter. Dispense to appropriate culture containers. Bubble the medium with 80:20 N2:CO2 (final pH sould be 6.8 to 7.0) - approximately 10 ml of media (anaerobic culture tube) should be gassed for 5 min in the aqueous phase (bubbled) and the headspace gassed for one minute prior to sealing the container. Sterilize per usual procedure. Add electron donor (Acetate-final conc. of 10 mM-recipe below) and electron acceptor (Fe(III)NTA-final conc. of 10 mM-recipe below) from sterile, anaerobic stock solutions using a sterile syringe and needle flushed with anaerobic gas. Store out of direct light. 1.0 M Acetate Stock Solution: Add 13.6 g sodium acetate to ca. 80 ml distilled water. Bring to final volume of 100 ml. Bubble with anaerobic gas (nitrogen) for 45 min. Seal and sterilize. 500 mM Fe(III)NTA Stock solution: Add 8.2 g NaHCO3 to ca. 70 ml distilled water. Add 12.8 g of Na3Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) to ca. 70 ml distilled water. Add 13.5 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O to ca 70 ml distilled water. Adjust pH to 6.5 using 10N NaOH. Bring solution to final volume of 100 ml. Ingredients will go into solution after stirring for ca. 15 min. Bubble with anaerobic gas (N2) for 45 min and then filter sterilize (0.2 μm filter) into a sterile, anaerobic, serum bottle. Vitamin mixture: Biotin 2.000 mg Folic acid 2.000 mg Pyridoxine HCl 10.000 mg Riboflavin 5.000 mg Thiamine 5.000 mg Nicotinic acid 5.000 mg Pantothenic acid 5.000 mg Vitamin B12 0.100 mg p-aminobenzoic acid 5.000 mg Thioctic acid 5.000 mg Distilled water 1000.000 ml Mineral mixture: NTA 1.500 g MgSO4 3.000 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.500 g NaCl 1.000 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.100 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.100 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.100 g ZnCl2 0.130 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.010 g AlK(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.010 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 0.025 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.024 g Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.025 g Distilled water 1000.000 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank A trace elements solution containing nitrilotriacetic acid, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, calcium chloride, cobalt chloride, zinc chloride, copper sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, nickel chloride, and sodium tungstate. basal medium vitamin mixture Carrine Blank A microbiological vitamin solution containing biotin, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, thiamine, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12 (cobalamin), p-aminobenzoic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid), and thioctic acid (lipoic acid). http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1001.pdf 1001. BASAL MEDIUM NaHCO3 2.500 g NH4Cl 0.250 g NaH2PO4 x H2O 0.600 g KCl 0.100 g Vitamin Mix (see below) 10.000 ml Mineral Mix (see below) 10.000 ml Distilled water 980.000 ml This medium should not be exposed to direct sunlight! Add all basal medium ingredients. Bring the final volume of the medium to 1.0 liter. Dispense to appropriate culture containers. Bubble the medium with 80:20 N2:CO2 (final pH sould be 6.8 to 7.0) - approximately 10 ml of media (anaerobic culture tube) should be gassed for 5 min in the aqueous phase (bubbled) and the headspace gassed for one minute prior to sealing the container. Sterilize per usual procedure. Add electron donor (Acetate-final conc. of 10 mM-recipe below) and electron acceptor (Fe(III)NTA-final conc. of 10 mM-recipe below) from sterile, anaerobic stock solutions using a sterile syringe and needle flushed with anaerobic gas. Store out of direct light. 1.0 M Acetate Stock Solution: Add 13.6 g sodium acetate to ca. 80 ml distilled water. Bring to final volume of 100 ml. Bubble with anaerobic gas (nitrogen) for 45 min. Seal and sterilize. 500 mM Fe(III)NTA Stock solution: Add 8.2 g NaHCO3 to ca. 70 ml distilled water. Add 12.8 g of Na3Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) to ca. 70 ml distilled water. Add 13.5 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O to ca 70 ml distilled water. Adjust pH to 6.5 using 10N NaOH. Bring solution to final volume of 100 ml. Ingredients will go into solution after stirring for ca. 15 min. Bubble with anaerobic gas (N2) for 45 min and then filter sterilize (0.2 μm filter) into a sterile, anaerobic, serum bottle. Vitamin mixture: Biotin 2.000 mg Folic acid 2.000 mg Pyridoxine HCl 10.000 mg Riboflavin 5.000 mg Thiamine 5.000 mg Nicotinic acid 5.000 mg Pantothenic acid 5.000 mg Vitamin B12 0.100 mg p-aminobenzoic acid 5.000 mg Thioctic acid 5.000 mg Distilled water 1000.000 ml Mineral mixture: NTA 1.500 g MgSO4 3.000 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.500 g NaCl 1.000 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.100 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.100 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.100 g ZnCl2 0.130 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.010 g AlK(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.010 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 0.025 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.024 g Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.025 g Distilled water 1000.000 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 220 DSM strains: Carrine Blank From: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium220.pdf 220. CASO AGAR (Merck 105458) Peptone from casein 15.0 g Peptone from soymeal 5.0 g NaCl 5.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. Medium is identical with Tryptone Soya Agar (Oxoid Cm131). For strain DSM 21449 und DSM 21450 NaCl 10.0 g/L MnSO4 10.0 mg/L For strain DSM 5746 Methanol © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved CASO agar An organic-rich, solid medium containing casitone (pancreatic digest of casein), Phytone peptone (papaic digest of soybean), and sodium chloride. Used for the cultivation of aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms. DSMZ Medium 1002 DSM strains: Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1002.pdf 1002. ECTOTHIORHODOSYNUS MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.5 g NH4Cl 0.5 g NaCl 20.0 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.2 g CaCl2 0.1 g Na2CO3 5.0 g NaHCO3 5.0 g Sodium acetate 1.0 g Yeast extract 0.1 g Na2S2O3 x 5H2O 0.5 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.1 g Trace elements SL6 (see medium 27) 1.0 ml Vitamin B12 20.0 μg Distilled water 1000.0 ml Prepare the NH4Cl, CaCl2, carbonate, bicarbonate and sulfide as a single sterile stock solution and add to the sterile medium after autoclaving. The pH should be adjust to 9-9.5. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Ectothiorhodosynus medium A minerals-salts, liquid microbiological culture medium comprised of sodium acetate, yeast extract, sodium thiosulfate, and sodium sulfide. Used for the cultivation of Ectothiorhodosynus. trace elements solution SL-6 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium27.pdf 27. RHODOSPIRILLACEAE MEDIUM (modified) Yeast extract 0.30 g Na2-succinate 1.00 g (NH4)-acetate 0.50 g Fe(III) citrate solution (0.1% in H2O) 5.00 ml KH2PO4 0.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.40 g NaCl 0.40 g NH4Cl 0.40 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 g Vitamin B12 solution (10 mg in 100 ml H2O) 0.40 ml Trace element solution SL-6 (see below) 1.00 ml L-Cysteiniumchloride 0.30 g Resazurin(0,1%) 0.50 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 6.8. Boil the medium for a few minute. Bubble the medium with nitrogen gas and fill 10 ml in 15 ml tubes with a rubber septum under a stream of nitrogen gas. Autoclave at 121˚C for 15 min. Sterile syringes are used to inoculate and remove samples. Incubate in the light using a tungsten lamp. Trace element solution SL-6: ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.03 g H3BO3 0.30 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.02 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank A trace elements solution containing zinc sulfate, manganese chloride, boric acid, cobalt chloride, copper chloride, nickel chloride, and sodium molybdate. DSMZ Medium 27 A minerals-salts, mildly reducing liquid microbiological culture medium used for the cultivation of Rhodospirillaceae. Contains yeast extract, sodium succinate, ammonium acetate, iron citrate and cysteinium chloride as a reducing agent. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium27.pdf 27. RHODOSPIRILLACEAE MEDIUM (modified) Yeast extract 0.30 g Na2-succinate 1.00 g (NH4)-acetate 0.50 g Fe(III) citrate solution (0.1% in H2O) 5.00 ml KH2PO4 0.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.40 g NaCl 0.40 g NH4Cl 0.40 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 g Vitamin B12 solution (10 mg in 100 ml H2O) 0.40 ml Trace element solution SL-6 (see below) 1.00 ml L-Cysteinium chloride 0.30 g Resazurin(0,1%) 0.50 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 6.8. Boil the medium for a few minute. Bubble the medium with nitrogen gas and fill 10 ml in 15 ml tubes with a rubber septum under a stream of nitrogen gas. Autoclave at 121˚C for 15 min. Sterile syringes are used to inoculate and remove samples. Incubate in the light using a tungsten lamp. Trace element solution SL-6: ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.03 g H3BO3 0.30 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.02 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Rhodospirillaceae medium (modified) Carrine Blank DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 1003 hydrogen-oxidizing medium DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1003.pdf 1003. HYDROGEN-OXYDIZING MEDIUM Place 1000 ml of anaerobic water (CO2 water) in a flask. Add the following compounds: MgSO4 x 7 H2O 7.00 g NaS2O3 2.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.48 g MgCl2 0.78 g MES 1.95 g Add solutions A, B, and D (see recipes below): Solution A 2.00 ml Solution B 1.50 ml Solution D (Trace minerals) 10.00 ml pH the media to 6.0 and gas the flask containing the media with CO2 for 20 min at least. Gas first culture tube in rack and place 5 ml of media in previous tube. Place stopper on loaded culture tube, crimp tube cap onto stopper. Autoclave the medium for 20 min., 121˚C. Add 1 ml of O2 to each tube before inoculation. After the inoculation the tubes are pressurized with H2 (138 KP). Solution A (100x solution): NH4Cl 100.00 g MgCl2 x H2O 100.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 40.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust the pH to 4 with HCl. Solution B (500x solution): K2HPO4 x 3 H2O 200.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Trace mineral solution (100x): see next page Trace mineral solution (100x): Na-EDTA x 2 H2O 500.00 mg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 150.00 mg MnCl2 x 4 H2O 100.00 mg FeSO4 x 7 H2O 100.00 mg ZnCl2 100.00 mg AlCl3 x 6 H2O 40.00 mg Na-tungstate x 2 H2O 30.00 mg CuCl 20.00 mg Ni2SO4 x 6 H2O 20.00 mg Se-acid 10.00 mg HBO3 10.00 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 10.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust the pH of the solution to 3.0 with HCl. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing magnesium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, MES, hydrogen and oxygen. Used to support the growth of slighly acidophilic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. Carrine Blank trace mineral solution for DSMZ Medium 1003 A trace elements solution containing sodium EDTA, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride, ferrous sulfate zinc chloride, aluminum trichloride, sodium tungstate, copper chloride, nickel sulfate, selenic acid (se-acid), boric acid, and sodium molybdate. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1003.pdf 1003. HYDROGEN-OXYDIZING MEDIUM Place 1000 ml of anaerobic water (CO2 water) in a flask. Add the following compounds: MgSO4 x 7 H2O 7.00 g NaS2O3 2.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.48 g MgCl2 0.78 g MES 1.95 g Add solutions A, B, and D (see recipes below): Solution A 2.00 ml Solution B 1.50 ml Solution D (Trace minerals) 10.00 ml pH the media to 6.0 and gas the flask containing the media with CO2 for 20 min at least. Gas first culture tube in rack and place 5 ml of media in previous tube. Place stopper on loaded culture tube, crimp tube cap onto stopper. Autoclave the medium for 20 min., 121˚C. Add 1 ml of O2 to each tube before inoculation. After the inoculation the tubes are pressurized with H2 (138 KP). Solution A (100x solution): NH4Cl 100.00 g MgCl2 x H2O 100.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 40.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust the pH to 4 with HCl. Solution B (500x solution): K2HPO4 x 3 H2O 200.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Trace mineral solution (100x): see next page Trace mineral solution (100x): Na-EDTA x 2 H2O 500.00 mg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 150.00 mg MnCl2 x 4 H2O 100.00 mg FeSO4 x 7 H2O 100.00 mg ZnCl2 100.00 mg AlCl3 x 6 H2O 40.00 mg Na-tungstate x 2 H2O 30.00 mg CuCl 20.00 mg Ni2SO4 x 6 H2O 20.00 mg Se-acid 10.00 mg HBO3 10.00 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 10.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust the pH of the solution to 3.0 with HCl. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1004 A minerals-salts liquid medium containing potassium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, trace elements, selenite-tungstate solution, yeast extract, resazurin, sodium bicarbonate, vitamin solution, D-glucose, L-cysteine hydrochloride, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. Used to support the growth of Anaerolinea. DSM strains: Anaerolinea medium Carrine Blank DSM strains: 16554 Anaerolinea thermolimosa 14523 Anaerolinea thermophila UNI-1 17877 Bellilinea caldifistulae 14535 Caldilinea aerophila DSM 14535 = NBRC 104270 22659 Caldilinea tarbellica 16556 Leptolinea tardivitalis 16555 Levilinea saccharolytica 23815 Ornatilinea apprima http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1004.pdf 1004. ANAEROLINEA MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.14 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g NH4Cl 0.54 g Trace element solution SL-11 (see medium 784) 1.00 ml Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Yeast extract 2.30 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 2.50 g Vitamins solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml D-Glucose 2.20 g L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, glucose and reducing agents), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add solid bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. Add glucose, vitamins (sterilized by filtration), sulfide and cysteine from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under 100% N2 gas. The final pH should be 7.0. For DSM 16554, DSM 16555 and DSM 17877 replace glucose with 7.20 g/l sucrose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 16556 omit glucose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 22659 increase amount of glucose to 5.00 g/l. For DSM 23815 replace glucose with 2.00 g/l cellobiose added after autoclaving from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1004.1 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1004.1 -< for DSM 16554, DSM 16555, and DSM 17877 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 1004, except that glucose is omitted, sucrose is added, and the amount of yeast extract is reduced. DSM 16554 is Anaerolinea thermolimosa DSM 16555 is Levilinea saccharolytica DSM 17877 is Bellilinea caldifistulae http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1004.pdf 1004. ANAEROLINEA MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.14 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g NH4Cl 0.54 g Trace element solution SL-11 (see medium 784) 1.00 ml Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Yeast extract 2.30 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 2.50 g Vitamins solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml D-Glucose 2.20 g L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, glucose and reducing agents), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add solid bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. Add glucose, vitamins (sterilized by filtration), sulfide and cysteine from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under 100% N2 gas. The final pH should be 7.0. For DSM 16554, DSM 16555 and DSM 17877 replace glucose with 7.20 g/l sucrose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 16556 omit glucose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 22659 increase amount of glucose to 5.00 g/l. For DSM 23815 replace glucose with 2.00 g/l cellobiose added after autoclaving from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1004.1 DSMZ Medium 1004.2 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 1004, except that glucose is omitted and the amount of yeast extract is reduced. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1004.pdf 1004. ANAEROLINEA MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.14 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g NH4Cl 0.54 g Trace element solution SL-11 (see medium 784) 1.00 ml Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Yeast extract 2.30 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 2.50 g Vitamins solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml D-Glucose 2.20 g L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, glucose and reducing agents), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add solid bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. Add glucose, vitamins (sterilized by filtration), sulfide and cysteine from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under 100% N2 gas. The final pH should be 7.0. For DSM 16554, DSM 16555 and DSM 17877 replace glucose with 7.20 g/l sucrose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 16556 omit glucose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 22659 increase amount of glucose to 5.00 g/l. For DSM 23815 replace glucose with 2.00 g/l cellobiose added after autoclaving from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1004.2 -< for DSM 16556 DSM 16556 is Leptolinea tardivitalis DSMZ Medium 1004.2 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1004.3 DSM 22659 is Caldilinea tarbellica Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1004.pdf 1004. ANAEROLINEA MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.14 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g NH4Cl 0.54 g Trace element solution SL-11 (see medium 784) 1.00 ml Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Yeast extract 2.30 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 2.50 g Vitamins solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml D-Glucose 2.20 g L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, glucose and reducing agents), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add solid bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. Add glucose, vitamins (sterilized by filtration), sulfide and cysteine from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under 100% N2 gas. The final pH should be 7.0. For DSM 16554, DSM 16555 and DSM 17877 replace glucose with 7.20 g/l sucrose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 16556 omit glucose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 22659 increase amount of glucose to 5.00 g/l. For DSM 23815 replace glucose with 2.00 g/l cellobiose added after autoclaving from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1004.3 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 1004, except that the amount of glucose is increased. DSMZ Medium 1004.3 -< for DSM 22659 DSMZ Medium 1004.4 DSM 23815 is Ornatilinea apprima DSMZ Medium 1004.4 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 1004, except that glucose is omitted and cellobiose added. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1004.pdf 1004. ANAEROLINEA MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.14 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g NH4Cl 0.54 g Trace element solution SL-11 (see medium 784) 1.00 ml Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Yeast extract 2.30 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 2.50 g Vitamins solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml D-Glucose 2.20 g L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, glucose and reducing agents), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add solid bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. Add glucose, vitamins (sterilized by filtration), sulfide and cysteine from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under 100% N2 gas. The final pH should be 7.0. For DSM 16554, DSM 16555 and DSM 17877 replace glucose with 7.20 g/l sucrose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 16556 omit glucose and reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.10 g/l. For DSM 22659 increase amount of glucose to 5.00 g/l. For DSM 23815 replace glucose with 2.00 g/l cellobiose added after autoclaving from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1004.4 -< for DSM 23815 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 784 Natroniella medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium784.pdf 784. NATRONIELLA MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.2 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.1 g NH4Cl 1.0 g KCl 0.2 g NaCl 16.0 g Trace element solution SL-11 (see below) 1.0 ml Yeast extract 0.2 g Resazurin 0.5 mg Na2CO3 68.0 g NaHCO3 38.0 g Ethanol 5.0 ml Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.0 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 1.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace element solution SL-11: Na2-EDTA 5.2 g FeCl2 x 4 H2O 1.5 g ZnCl2 70.0 mg MnCl2 x 4 H2O 100.0 mg H3BO3 6.0 mg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 190.0 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2.0 mg NiCl2 x 6 H2O 24.0 mg Na2Mo4 x 2 H2O 36.0 mg Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH of solution to 6.0. Dissolve ingredients except carbonates, ethanol, vitamins and sulfide. Bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature while flushing with 100% N2 gas. Add and dissolve carbonates and sulfide while gassing the head space only. Dispense and autoclave under N2 gas atmosphere. Before use add ethanol and vitamins from sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Vitamins are sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 9.5 – 10.0. For DSM 24923 omit ethanol and add to the autoclaved medium 2.0 g/l Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O from a sterile anoxic stock solution. © 2013 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSM strains: 24912 Natranaerobaculum magadiense 9952 Natroniella acetigena A minerals-salts liquid medium containing potassium phosphate, magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, trace elements, yeast extract, resazurin, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, ethanol, vitamin solution, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of nitrogen. Used to support the growth of Natroniella. DSZM Medium 784.1 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 784, except that ethanol is omitted and sodium thiosulfate is added. DSM 24923 = Natranaerobaculum magadiense Z1001 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium784.pdf 784. NATRONIELLA MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.2 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.1 g NH4Cl 1.0 g KCl 0.2 g NaCl 16.0 g Trace element solution SL-11 (see below) 1.0 ml Yeast extract 0.2 g Resazurin 0.5 mg Na2CO3 68.0 g NaHCO3 38.0 g Ethanol 5.0 ml Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.0 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 1.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace element solution SL-11: Na2-EDTA 5.2 g FeCl2 x 4 H2O 1.5 g ZnCl2 70.0 mg MnCl2 x 4 H2O 100.0 mg H3BO3 6.0 mg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 190.0 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2.0 mg NiCl2 x 6 H2O 24.0 mg Na2Mo4 x 2 H2O 36.0 mg Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH of solution to 6.0. Dissolve ingredients except carbonates, ethanol, vitamins and sulfide. Bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature while flushing with 100% N2 gas. Add and dissolve carbonates and sulfide while gassing the head space only. Dispense and autoclave under N2 gas atmosphere. Before use add ethanol and vitamins from sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Vitamins are sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 9.5 – 10.0. For DSM 24923 omit ethanol and add to the autoclaved medium 2.0 g/l Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O from a sterile anoxic stock solution. © 2013 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 784.1 -< for DSM 24923 trace elements solution SL-11 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium784.pdf 784. NATRONIELLA MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.2 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.1 g NH4Cl 1.0 g KCl 0.2 g NaCl 16.0 g Trace element solution SL-11 (see below) 1.0 ml Yeast extract 0.2 g Resazurin 0.5 mg Na2CO3 68.0 g NaHCO3 38.0 g Ethanol 5.0 ml Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.0 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 1.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace element solution SL-11: Na2-EDTA 5.2 g FeCl2 x 4 H2O 1.5 g ZnCl2 70.0 mg MnCl2 x 4 H2O 100.0 mg H3BO3 6.0 mg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 190.0 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2.0 mg NiCl2 x 6 H2O 24.0 mg Na2Mo4 x 2 H2O 36.0 mg Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH of solution to 6.0. Dissolve ingredients except carbonates, ethanol, vitamins and sulfide. Bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature while flushing with 100% N2 gas. Add and dissolve carbonates and sulfide while gassing the head space only. Dispense and autoclave under N2 gas atmosphere. Before use add ethanol and vitamins from sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Vitamins are sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 9.5 – 10.0. For DSM 24923 omit ethanol and add to the autoclaved medium 2.0 g/l Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O from a sterile anoxic stock solution. © 2013 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A trace elements solution containing disodium EDTA, ferrous chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, boric acid, cobalt chloride, copper chloride, nickel chloride, and sodium molybdate. washed sheep red blood cells From: https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/AnimalBloodProd.htm Washed, Sheep Cell Suspensions are stabilized preparations of concentrated erythrocytes. A working solution is prepared by diluting the concentrated suspension. It is not recommended that the suspension be washed. Blood medium ingredient comprised of red blood cells from a sheep (Ovis aries) that have been washed. Used to support the growth of microorganisms which need washed red blood cells to grow. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 385 A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing sodium sulfate, potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, resazurin, trace element solution, sodium bicarbonate, selenite-tungstate solution, sodium benzoate, pyrocatechol (i.e. catechol), hydrochloric acid, vitamin solution, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Used to support the growth of Desulfobacterium catecholicum. Desulfobacterium catecholicum medium Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium385.pdf 385. DESULFOBACTERIUM CATECHOLICUM MEDIUM Solution A: Na2SO4 3.00 g KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.30 g NaCl 7.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 1.30 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Distilled water 870.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: NaHCO3 2.50 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution E: Na-benzoate 0.40 g Distilled water 10.00 ml Solution F: Pyrocatechol 0.06 g 1 N HCl 0.06 ml Distilled water 10.00 ml Solution G: Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Solution H: Na2S x 9 H2O 0.40 g Distilled water 10.00 ml Solution A is gassed with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture to reach a pH below 6 (at least 30 min), then autoclaved anoxically under the same gas mixture. Solutions B, D and H are autoclaved separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution C is autoclaved under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Solutions E, F and G are prepared under N2 gas and sterilized by filtration. The pyrocatechol stock solution has to be prepared always freshly prior to use. Solution B to H are added to the sterile, cooled solution A in the sequence as indicated. The complete medium is distributed anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere into appropriate vessels. Final pH of the medium should be 6.9 - 7.1. Addition of 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution, freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) may stimulate growth of some strains at the beginning. For transfers use 10 - 20% inoculum. Selenite-tungstate solution: NaOH 0.5 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 3.0 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 4.0 mg Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: selenite-tungate solution A trace element solution containing sodium hydroxide, sodium selenite, and sodium tungstate. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium385.pdf 385. DESULFOBACTERIUM CATECHOLICUM MEDIUM Solution A: Na2SO4 3.00 g KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.30 g NaCl 7.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 1.30 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Distilled water 870.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: NaHCO3 2.50 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution E: Na-benzoate 0.40 g Distilled water 10.00 ml Solution F: Pyrocatechol 0.06 g 1 N HCl 0.06 ml Distilled water 10.00 ml Solution G: Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Solution H: Na2S x 9 H2O 0.40 g Distilled water 10.00 ml Solution A is gassed with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture to reach a pH below 6 (at least 30 min), then autoclaved anoxically under the same gas mixture. Solutions B, D and H are autoclaved separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution C is autoclaved under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Solutions E, F and G are prepared under N2 gas and sterilized by filtration. The pyrocatechol stock solution has to be prepared always freshly prior to use. Solution B to H are added to the sterile, cooled solution A in the sequence as indicated. The complete medium is distributed anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere into appropriate vessels. Final pH of the medium should be 6.9 - 7.1. Addition of 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution, freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) may stimulate growth of some strains at the beginning. For transfers use 10 - 20% inoculum. Selenite-tungstate solution: NaOH 0.5 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 3.0 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 4.0 mg Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 141 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A minerals-salts, liquid medium containind potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, trace elements, ferrous ammonium sulfate, sodium acetate, yeast extract, trypicase peptone, resazurin, sodium bicarbonate, vitamin solution, L-cysteine, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. Used to support the growth of Methanogenium. DSM strains: Methanogenium medium Methanogenium medium Carrine Blank trace elements solution for DSMZ Medium 141 A trace elements solution contining nitrilotriacetic acid, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, cobalt sulfate, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, nickel chloride, sodium selenite, and sodium tungstate. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 141.1 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 141, except that the pH has been lowered to 6.5. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 141.1 -< for DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 DSM 1498 is Methanoculleus marisnigri DSM 15558 is Methanogenium marinum DSM 22353 is Methanobacterium petrolearium Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 141.2 DSM 2373 is Methanoculleus thermophilus DSM 2373 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 141, except that the concentration of trypicase peptone is increased. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 141.2 -< for DSM 2373 DSMZ Medium 141.3 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 141, except that L-histidine has been added. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 141.3 -< for DSM 4254 DSM 4254 is Methanococcus voltae DSMZ Medium 141.4 DSM 7268 is Methanothermobacter thermoflexus DSM 7466 is Methanothermobacter defluvii DSM 15558 is Methanogenium marinum Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 141.4 -< for DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 141, except that a decreased pressure of H2 and CO2 is used. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 141.5 Carrine Blank A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 141, except that the pH has been increased to 7.5. DSM 15219 is Methanobacterium aarhusense DSM 16458 is Methanogenium frigidum DSM 18860 is Methanoculleus receptaculi DSM 21220 is not in www.dsmz. de, TaxBrowser, or StrainInfo. DSMZ Medium 141.5 -< for DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 141.6 A minerals-salts liquid medium similar to DSMZ Medium 141, except that coenzyme M is added and a decreased pressure of H2 and CO2 is used. DSM 15558 is Methanogenium marinum DSM 16458 is Methanogenium frigidum Ace-2 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 141.6 -< for DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved vitamin solution for DSMZ Medium 141 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium141.pdf 141. METHANOGENIUM MEDIUM (H2/CO2) KCl 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.45 g NH4Cl 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g K2HPO4 0.14 g NaCl 18.00 g Trace elements (see below) 10.00 ml Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 2.00 mg Na-acetate 1.00 g Yeast extract (Oxoid) 2.00 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg NaHCO3 5.00 g Vitamin solution (see below) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, vitamins, cysteine and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Add and dissolve bicarbonate and adjust pH to 7.0, then autoclave under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. After sterilization add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions autoclaved under 100% N2 gas. Vitamins are prepared under N2 gas atmosphere and sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of final medium to 6.8 – 7.0. For incubation use 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture at two atmospheres of pressure. If the medium is being used without gas mixture overpressure then adjust pH with a small amount of sterile anoxic 1 N HCl, if necessary. Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.18 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.02 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.03 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.30 mg Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.40 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 1498, DSM 15558, and DSM 22353 adjust pH to 6.5. For DSM 2373 increase the amount of trypticase to 6.00 g/l. For DSM 4254 add a filter-sterilized, anoxic solution of L-histidine to a final concentration of 0.08 g/l. For DSM 7268, DSM 7466, and DSM 15558 use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. For DSM 15219, DSM 16458, DSM 18860, and DSM 21220 adjust pH to 7.5. For DSM 15558 and DSM 16458 supplement medium after autoclaving with 0.50 g/l coenzyme M (mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) added from a filter-sterilized anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Use only one atmosphere overpressure of 80% H2 and 20% CO2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A vitamin solution containing biotin, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, vitamin B12 (cobalamin), and lipoic acid. DSMZ Medium 1005 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1005.pdf 1005. THERMODESULFOBIUM MEDIUM K2HPO4 0.78 g KH2PO4 0.75 g Na3EDTA 0.04 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.03 g NaCl 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.50 g Na2SO4 2.80 g Na-acetate 0.15 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Trace element solution SL-9 (see medium 318) 10.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except cysteine), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere and adjust pH to 5.5 with 10N H2SO4. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in suitable culture vessels (e.g. 20 ml of the medium in 50 ml serum bottles) and autoclave. Prior to inoculation add cysteine from a sterile, anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0, if necessary. After inoculation pressurize vials to 0.5 bar overpressure with 80% H2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Thermodesulfobium medium A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing potassium phosphate, trisodium EDTA, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium acetate, vitamin solution, trace elements, and L-cysteine hydrochloride. Prepared under an atmosphere of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. Used to support the growth of Thermodesulfobium. Carrine Blank DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 318 A minerals-salts, liquid medium comprised of potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, trace elements, ammonium chloride, yeast extract, trypticase (trypticase peptone), resazurin, potassium bicarbonate, vitamin solution, methanol, L-cysteine hydrochloride, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Used to support the growth of Methanosarcina. Methanosarcina medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium318.pdf 318. METHANOSARCINA (BCYT) MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.30 g NaCl 0.60 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.08 g Trace element solution (see below) 10.00 ml NH4Cl 1.00 g Yeast extract 0.50 g Trypticase (BBL) 0.50 g Resazurin 0.50 mg KHCO3 2.00 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Methanol 5.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.30 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.30 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients except bicarbonate, vitamins, methanol, cysteine and sulfide. Sparge medium with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture for 30 – 45 min to make it anoxic. Dispense medium in anoxic tubes under the same gas atmosphere and autoclave. Add vitamins (sterilized by filtration), methanol, cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under N2 and bicarbonate from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Prior to use adjust pH of completed medium to 6.8. Trace elements: Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) 12.800 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 1.350 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.100 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.024 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.100 g ZnCl2 0.100 g CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.025 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.024 g NaCl 1.000 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.120 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.026 g Distilled water 1000.000 ml First dissolve NTA in 200 ml of distilled water and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then dissolve mineral salts. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved BCYT medium BYCT DSM strains: Carrine Blank trace elements solution SL-9 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium318.pdf 318. METHANOSARCINA (BCYT) MEDIUM KH2PO4 0.30 g NaCl 0.60 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.08 g Trace element solution (see below) 10.00 ml NH4Cl 1.00 g Yeast extract 0.50 g Trypticase (BBL) 0.50 g Resazurin 0.50 mg KHCO3 2.00 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Methanol 5.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.30 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.30 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients except bicarbonate, vitamins, methanol, cysteine and sulfide. Sparge medium with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture for 30 – 45 min to make it anoxic. Dispense medium in anoxic tubes under the same gas atmosphere and autoclave. Add vitamins (sterilized by filtration), methanol, cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under N2 and bicarbonate from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Prior to use adjust pH of completed medium to 6.8. Trace elements: Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) 12.800 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 1.350 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.100 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.024 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.100 g ZnCl2 0.100 g CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.025 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.024 g NaCl 1.000 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.120 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.026 g Distilled water 1000.000 ml First dissolve NTA in 200 ml of distilled water and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then dissolve mineral salts. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank A trace elements solution containing nitrilotriacetic acid, ferric trichloride, manganese chloride, cobalt chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride, boric acid, sodium molybdate, sodium chloride, nickel chloride, and sodium selenite. DSMZ Medium 1027 An organic rich, solid medium containing yeast extract, soluble starch, and agar. Carrine Blank yeast starch agar DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1027.pdf 1027. YEAST STARCH AGAR (A) yeast extract 2.0 g soluble starch 10.0 g agar 15.0 g distilled water 1.0 l adjust pH to 7.3 © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1026 An organic-rich, solid medium containing xylan, yeast extract, and agar. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1026.pdf 1026. XED-AGAR Xylan 7.0 g Yeast extract 3.0 g Agar 18.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml pH 7.0 © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved XED-agar DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 1025 Carrine Blank DSM strains: An organic-rich, liquid culture medium containing sea salts, ammonium chloride, peptone, yeast extract, riboflavin, and glucose. Used for the cultivation of Maricaulis. Maricaulis medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1025.pdf 1025. MARICAULIS MEDIUM Sigma Sea salts 30.0 g NH4Cl 0.5 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Autoclave and cool the medium. Add from sterile stock solutions, 20 ml 50xPYE and 5 ml 0.2 mg/ml riboflavin (filter sterilised), and 2 ml 50% glucose per liter of medium. 50xPYE: Peptone 100.0 g Yeast extract 50.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved sea salt marine salt Carrine Blank An undefined inorganic chemical mixture comprised of a mixture of salts derived from the evaporation of seawater. undefined inorganic chemical mixture Carrine Blank Inorganic compounds or mixtures of inorganic compounds added to culture media to support growth or metabolism of a microorganism. Because the exact composition of the mixture is unknown, it is referred to as "undefined". DSMZ Medium 1024 Nitratiruptor medium A minerals-salts, liquid medium comprised of sodium nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, vitamin solution, and synthetic seawater. Prepared under an atmosphere of dihydrogen and carbon dioxide. Nitratiruptor and Nitratifractor medium Carrine Blank Nitratifractor medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1024.pdf 1024. NITRATIRUPTOR AND NITRATIFRACTOR MEDIUM NaNO3 1.000 g NaHCO3 1.000 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H20 1.000 g Sulfur,powdered 3.000 g Trace vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.000 ml DMJ synthetic seawater (see medium 997) 1000.000 ml Prepare the medium under an atmosphere of H2/CO2 (80:20) without adding the vitamins and NaHCO3 in serum bottles and seal the serum tubes with butyl rubber stoppers. Steam medium for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days. To the sterile medium add, from filter sterilised stock solutions, the NaHCO3 and vitamin solution. Increase the 80% H2 + 20% CO2 gas phase pressure to 300 kPa. The final pH is 7.0. © 2009 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: defined organic solution Carrine Blank Defined organic chemical mixture which is a solution of organic chemicals in water. trace mineral solution for DSMZ Medium 997 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium997.pdf 997. HNW MEDIUM NaNO3 1.000 g NaHCO3 1.000 g Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.100 mg Na2S 0.500 g Trace vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.000 ml DMJ synthetic seawater (see below) 1000.000 ml To prepare the medium, all compounds of DMJ seawater were dissolved in 1 liter of distilled deionized water, and the pH was adjusted to around 7.0 with NaOH at room temperature prior to autoclaving. After autoclaving, filter-sterilized NaNO3 solution (100 g/l), NaHCO3 solution (100 g/l), Na2S solution (100 g/l); pH 7.5) and trace vitamin solution were added. Then the tubes were tightly sealed with butyl rubber stoppers under a gas phase of 80% H2 + 20% CO2 (300 kPa). Synthetic seawater: NaCl 30.000 g K2HPO4 0.140 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.140 g NH4Cl 0.250 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.400 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.180 g KCl 0.330 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.500 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.500 mg Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.010 g Trace mineral solution (see below) 10.000 ml Trace mineral solution: C6H9NO6 1.500 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.000 g MnSO4 x 2 H2O 0.500 g NaCl 1.000 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.100 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.180 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.100 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.180 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.010 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.020 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.010 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.025 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.300 mg © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A trace elements solution containing C6H9NO6 (nitrilotriacetic acid), magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, cobalt sulfate, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, nickel chloride, and sodium selenite. Carrine Blank DMJ synthetic seawater solution for DSMZ Medium 997 An inorganic salts solution comprising a synthetic seawater. Comprised of sodium chloride, potassium phosphate, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, nickel chloride, sodium selenite, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and trace minerals. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium997.pdf 997. HNW MEDIUM NaNO3 1.000 g NaHCO3 1.000 g Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.100 mg Na2S 0.500 g Trace vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.000 ml DMJ synthetic seawater (see below) 1000.000 ml To prepare the medium, all compounds of DMJ seawater were dissolved in 1 liter of distilled deionized water, and the pH was adjusted to around 7.0 with NaOH at room temperature prior to autoclaving. After autoclaving, filter-sterilized NaNO3 solution (100 g/l), NaHCO3 solution (100 g/l), Na2S solution (100 g/l); pH 7.5) and trace vitamin solution were added. Then the tubes were tightly sealed with butyl rubber stoppers under a gas phase of 80% H2 + 20% CO2 (300 kPa). Synthetic seawater: NaCl 30.000 g K2HPO4 0.140 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.140 g NH4Cl 0.250 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.400 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.180 g KCl 0.330 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.500 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.500 mg Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.010 g Trace mineral solution (see below) 10.000 ml Trace mineral solution: C6H9NO6 1.500 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.000 g MnSO4 x 2 H2O 0.500 g NaCl 1.000 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.100 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.180 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.100 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.180 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.010 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.020 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.010 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.025 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.300 mg © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DMJ synthetic seawater Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 997 DSM strains: 15103 Persephonella hydrogeniphila 16510 Hydrogenivirga caldilitoris A minerals-salts, liuid medium containing sodium nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium tungstate, sodium sulfide, vitamin solution, and synthetic seawater. Prepared under an atmosphere of dihydrogen and carbon dioxide. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium997.pdf 997. HNW MEDIUM NaNO3 1.000 g NaHCO3 1.000 g Na2WO4 x 2 H2O 0.100 mg Na2S 0.500 g Trace vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.000 ml DMJ synthetic seawater (see below) 1000.000 ml To prepare the medium, all compounds of DMJ seawater were dissolved in 1 liter of distilled deionized water, and the pH was adjusted to around 7.0 with NaOH at room temperature prior to autoclaving. After autoclaving, filter-sterilized NaNO3 solution (100 g/l), NaHCO3 solution (100 g/l), Na2S solution (100 g/l); pH 7.5) and trace vitamin solution were added. Then the tubes were tightly sealed with butyl rubber stoppers under a gas phase of 80% H2 + 20% CO2 (300 kPa). Synthetic seawater: NaCl 30.000 g K2HPO4 0.140 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.140 g NH4Cl 0.250 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.400 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.180 g KCl 0.330 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.500 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.500 mg Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.010 g Trace mineral solution (see below) 10.000 ml Trace mineral solution: C6H9NO6 1.500 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.000 g MnSO4 x 2 H2O 0.500 g NaCl 1.000 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.100 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.180 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.100 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.180 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.010 g KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O 0.020 g H3BO3 0.010 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.010 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.025 g Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.300 mg © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved HNW medium Carrine Blank inorganic salts solution A solution of inorganic (mostly non-metal) salts. Used to support the growth of microorganisms. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1023 DSM strains: Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1023.pdf 1023. MANNING MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 6.00 g KCl 0.20 g K2HPO4 0.20 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 1.00 g Ca(NO3)2 0.02 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Solution A: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 33.40 g/l Solution B: Yeast extract 0.20 g/l Solution A is separately autoclaved and added to the medium. The medium is supplemented with Solution B (yeast extract). Medium pH adjusted by 0.1 N H2SO4 to pH 2.5 - 2.7. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Manning medium A minerals-salts liquid medium that contains ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate, and yeast extract. DSMZ Medium 1021 'has redox' some 'oxidizing redox' Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1021.pdf 1021. SODALIS GLOSSINIDIUS MEDIUM Solution A: Yeast extract 6.20 g Lactalbumin hydrolysate or Casein hydrolysate 8.10 g D-Glucose 5.00 g KCl 0.25 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.12 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g NaCl 8.70 g NaHCO3 0.15 g Agar 17.00 g Distilled water 900.00 ml Adjust pH to 8.0. Solution B: NaH2PO4 x 2 H2O 0.28 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Sterilize solution A and B separately at 121˚C for 20 min. Cool to 50˚C, then combine. To 4 parts of the above, add 1 part sterile foetal or new borne calf serum. Liquid medium should be filter sterilized instead of autoclaved. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved An organic-rich, solid medium containing yeast extract, lactalbumin hydrolysate or casein hydrolysate, D-glucose, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, agar, sodium phosphate, and fetal calf serum or calf serum. Used for the cultivation of Sodalis glossinidius. DSM strains: Sodalis glossinidius medium DSMZ Medium 503 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved FWM medium Carrine Blank A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, resazurin, trace elements, vitamin solution, selenite-tungstate solution, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. DSM strains: 25964 Aminivibrio pyruvatiphilus 19636 Ammonifex thiophilus 11045 Bilophila wadsworthia 11046 Castellaniella denitrificans 5847 Clostridium homopropionicum DSM 5847 11261 Lachnospiraceae bacterium 19gly4 15206 Clostridium tunisiense TJ 6779 Cytophaga xylanolytica 5651 Desulfococcus biacutus 16082 Desulfotomaculum sp. Ox39 11493 Desulfovibrio 11489 Geobacter 11263 Geovibrio thiophilus 21662 Magnetospirillum bellicus 15978 Methanomethylovorans hollandica DSM 15978 27305 Methanomethylovorans uponensis 14424 Opitutus sp. VeGlc2 15970 Parasporobacterium paucivorans DSM 15970 12018 Propionivibrio pelophilus DSM 12018 5849 Propionivibrio 24984 Seleniivibrio woodruffii 24856 Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum 11262 Peptostreptococcaceae bacterium 19gly3 seven vitamins solution for DSMZ medium 503 A vitamin solution comprised of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), p-aminobenzoic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid), biotin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, and thiamine hydrochloride. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved seven vitamins solution DSMZ Medium 503.1 DSMZ Medium 503.1 -< for DSM 5847 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except adds 3-hydroxybutyrate or D-fructose as a substrate. DSM 5847 is Clostridium homopropionicum DSM 5847 Carrine Blank fetal calf serum foetal calf serum A serum medium ingredient, derived from the serum (coagulated blood) from a fetal calf of a slaughtered cow (Bos taurus). Carrine Blank fetal bovine serum Wikipedia: Fetal bovine serum Fetal bovine serum (FBS) or fetal calf serum is the blood fraction remaining after the natural coagulation of blood, followed by centrifugation to remove any remaining red blood cells.[1] Fetal bovine serum comes from the blood drawn from a bovine fetus via a closed system of collection at the slaughterhouse. Fetal bovine serum is the most widely used serum-supplement for the in vitro cell culture of eukaryotic cells. This is due to it having a very low level of antibodies and containing more growth factors, allowing for versatility in many different cell culture applications. The globular protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), is a major component of fetal bovine serum. The rich variety of proteins in fetal bovine serum maintains cultured cells in a medium in which they can survive, grow, and divide. foetal bovine serum DSMZ Medium 1016.1 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1016.pdf 1016. IDIOMARINA MEDIUM Glucose 10.0 g Proteose peptone 5.0 g Yeast extract 3.0 g Malt extract 3.0 g NaCl 30.0-60.0 g Agar (if required) 18.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml DSM 16139 and DSM 16140 have been grown in medium containing 45 g/l NaCl. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSM 16139 is Idiomarina fontislapidosi DSM 16140 is Idiomarina ramblicola An organic-rich, solid medium containing glucose, proteose peptone, yeast extract, malt extract, sodium chloride (45 grams per liter), and agar. DSMZ Medium 1016.1 -< for DSM 16139 and DSM 16140 DSMZ Medium 1016 An organic-rich, solid medium containing glucose, proteose peptone, yeast extract, malt extract, sodium chloride (variable amounts, from 30 to 60 grams per liter), and agar. Carrine Blank DSM strains: Idiomarina medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1016.pdf 1016. IDIOMARINA MEDIUM Glucose 10.0 g Proteose peptone 5.0 g Yeast extract 3.0 g Malt extract 3.0 g NaCl 30.0-60.0 g Agar (if required) 18.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml DSM 16139 and DSM 16140 have been grown in medium containing 45 g/l NaCl. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1017 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1017.pdf 1017. YPG MEDIUM Yeast extract 10.0 g/l Peptone (Difco) 10.0 g/l Glucose 70.0 g/l Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust the pH to 6.0 with dilute HCl. Solid media may be prepared by adding 15g/l agar. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved YPG medium DSM strains: An organic-rich, liquid medium containing yeast extract, peptone, and glucose. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1018 DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1018.pdf 1018. HALOFERAX SULFURIFONTIS MEDIUM Yeast extract 5.0 g/l NaCl 150.0 g/l MgCl2 20.0 g/l K2SO4 0.5 g/l CaCl2 0.1 g/l Distilled water 1000.0 ml pH 7.0 The medium may be solidified by adding 20 g/l agar. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Haloferax sulfurifontis medium An organic rich, liquid medium containing yeast extract, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium sulfate, and calcium chloride. Carrine Blank trace elements solution for DSMZ Medium 1019 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1019.pdf 1019. ROUF'S MEDIUM Yeast extract 5.00 g Peptone 5.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g CaCl2 x 6 H2O 0.05 g Fe(NH3)citrate 0.015 g MnSO4 x 4 H2O 0.05 g FeCl3 x 4 H2O 0.01 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Trace elements solution (see below) 1.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml pH 7.1 (adjusted with NaOH if needed) The medium may be solifidied with 17 g/l agar. Trace elements solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 12.80 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.17 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H20 0.10 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.10 g NaCl 0.10 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.10 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve the nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust the pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add the minerals. The final pH is 7.0, adjusted with KOH. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A trace elements solution containing nitrilotriacetic acid, cobalt chloride, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganese chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium molybdate. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1019 An organic-rich, liquid medium containing yeast extract, peptone, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferric ammonium citrate, manganese sulfate, iron trichloride, vitamin solution, and trace elements. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1019.pdf 1019. ROUF'S MEDIUM Yeast extract 5.00 g Peptone 5.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g CaCl2 x 6 H2O 0.05 g Fe(NH3)citrate 0.015 g MnSO4 x 4 H2O 0.05 g FeCl3 x 4 H2O 0.01 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Trace elements solution (see below) 1.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml pH 7.1 (adjusted with NaOH if needed) The medium may be solifidied with 17 g/l agar. Trace elements solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 12.80 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.17 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H20 0.10 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.10 g NaCl 0.10 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.10 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve the nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust the pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add the minerals. The final pH is 7.0, adjusted with KOH. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSM strains: Rouf's medium DSMZ Medium 1020 MBM Medium (modified) DSM strains: modified MBM medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1020.pdf 1020. MBM MEDIUM (modified) NaNO3 0.2 g KH2PO4 0.2 g NH4Cl 0.2 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.4 g KCl 0.2 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.1 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 2.5 g SL-4 trace element solution (see medium 14) 2.0 ml Resazurin 1.0 mg Distilled water 1000.0 ml Dissolve ingredients, except SL-4 trace element solution and sodium thiosulfate, then flush solution with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture to make it anoxic. Distribute medium under same gas atmosphere into culture vessels (e.g. 20 ml in 120 ml serum bottles) and autoclave. Filter-sterilize under anoxic conditions the SL-4 trace element solution and a stock solution of sodium thiosulfate. Prior to inoculation, add the trace element solution and sodium thiosulfate to the medium, and adjust pH to 7.0 if necessary. After inoculation, pressurize culture vessels to 0.5 bar overpressure with 100% H2 gas. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing sodium nitrate, potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, mangesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, trace elements, and resazurin. Prepared under an atmosphere of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. liver digest http://www.oxoid.com/uk/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=LP0027&c=uk&lang=EN LIVER DIGEST NEUTRALISED Code: LP0027 A biologically standardised papaic digest of liver for use as a source of nutrients in microbiological culture media. The digest is water soluble and compatible with other culture media ingredients and may be sterilised by filtration or autoclaving; thus it is suitable for use as an integral part of many culture media or as a valuable supplement. Being derived from liver this product contains relatively high levels of iron. The profile shows the characteristic even spread of peptides obtained from papaic digests. Carrine Blank Papaic digest of mammalian liver. DSMZ Medium 503.2 Carrine Blank DSM 5849 is Propioniovibrio http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except adds sodium succinate as a substrate. DSMZ Medium 503.2 -< for DSM 5849 DSMZ Medium 503.3 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except adds sodium maleate as a substrate and adjusts the pH down to 6.7-6.8. Carrine Blank DSM 5885 is Propionivibrio dicarboxylicus DSM 5885 DSMZ Medium 503.3 -< for DSM 5885 DSMZ Medium 503.4 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 503.4 -< for DSM 6779 DSM 6779 is Cytophaga xylanolytica Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except that xylan or xylose is added as a substate. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 503.5 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 503.5 -< for DSM 10092 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM 10092 is Syntrophobacter pfennigii Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except that sodium sulfate is added and sodium propionate is added as a substrate. The amount of sodium sulfide is reduced and sodium dithionite is added. DSMZ Medium 503.6 DSMZ Medium 503.6 -< for DSM 11046 Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except sodium nitrate is added and taurine is added as a substrate. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSM 11046 is Castellaniella denitrificans DSMZ Medium 503.7 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except yeast extract and sodium glycolate are added as substrates. DSMZ Medium 503.7 -< for DSM 11261 Carrine Blank DSM 11261 is Lachnospiraceae bacterium 19gly4 DSMZ Medium 503.8 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 503.8 -< for DSM 11262 Carrine Blank DSM 11262 is Peptostreptococcaceae bacterium 19gly3 Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except yeast extract and 3-hydroxybutyrate are added as substrates. DSMZ Medium 503.9 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 503.9 -< for DSM 11263 and DSM 11489 Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except sodium acetate and sodium fumarate are added as substrates. Carrine Blank DSM 11263 is Geovibrio thiophilus DSM 11489 is Geobacter sp. DSMZ Medium 503.10 DSMZ Medium 503.10 -< for DSM 11270 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except traurine is added as a substrate. DSM 11270 is Desulfonispora thiosulfatigenes DSM 11270 DSMZ Medium 503.11 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 503.11 -< for DSM 11480 DSM 11480 is "unclassified bacterium". No sequences associated with this strain. Not in Tax Browser. Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except D-glucose is added as a substrate. DSMZ Medium 503.12 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM 12018 is Propionivibrio pelophilus DSM 12018 DSMZ Medium 503.12 -< for DSM 12018 Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except yeast extract and L-aspartic acid are added as substrates. DSMZ Medium 503.13 Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except yeast extract and D-fructose are added as substrates. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 503.13 -< for DSM 13305 Carrine Blank DSM 13305 is Propionispora vibrioides DSM 13305 DSMZ Medium 503.14 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except glucose and yeast extract are added as substrates. DSMZ Medium 503.14 -< for DSM 14424 and DSM 28450 DSM 14424 is Opitutus sp. VeGlc2 DSM 28450 is Fusibacter sp. KhalAKB1 DSMZ Medium 503.15 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 503.15 -< for DSM 15206 Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except yeast extract and trypticase peptone are added as substrates. Carrine Blank DSM 15206 is Clostridium tunisiense TJ DSMZ Medium 503.16 DSM 15978 is Methanomethylovorans hollandica DSM 15978 DSM 27305 is Methanomethylovorans uponensis DSMZ Medium 503.16 -< for DSM 15978 and DSM 27305 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except trimethylamine hydrochloride, methanol, and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate are added as substrates, and the pH is lowered to 6.5-7.0. DSMZ Medium 503.17 DSMZ Medium 503.17 -< for DSM 16082 Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except sodium sulfate, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane, m-xylene, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and sulfuric acid are added. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM 16082 is Desulfotomaculum sp. Ox39 DSMZ Medium 503.18 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 503.18 -< for DSM 21662 DSM 21662 is Magnetospirillum bellicus http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except trace elements solution SL-10 and selenite-tungstate solution are replaced with the trace elements of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141, and sodium sulfide is omitted. Added is sodium acetate and sodium perchlorate. mineral solution for DSMZ Medium 330 An inorganic salts solution containing potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium330.pdf 330. RUMEN BACTERIA MEDIUM Mineral solution (see below) 38.00 ml K2HPO4 0.30 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Yeast extract 0.50 g Volatile fatty acid mixture (see below) 3.10 ml Haemin 1.00 mg Glycerol 0.50 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Na2CO3 4.00 g D-Glucose 0.50 g Maltose 0.50 g Cellobiose 0.50 g Starch, soluble 0.50 g L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 960.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except carbonate, carbohydrates, cysteine, and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature while gassing with 100% CO2 gas. Add the carbonate and equilibrate the medium with the CO2 gas to pH 6.8. Distribute under CO2 gas atmosphere in rubber stoppered tubes (i.e. Hungate-type tubes) and autoclave. Thereafter, add carbohydrates, cysteine and sulfide from sterile stock solutions (prepared anoxically under 100% N2 gas and autoclaved). Adjust pH of final medium to 6.7 - 6.8, if necessary. Mineral solution: KH2PO4 6.00 g NaCl 12.00 g (NH4)2SO4 6.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.60 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 2.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Volatile fatty acid mixture: Acetic acid 4.25 ml Propionic acid 1.50 ml Butyric acid 1.00 ml n-Valeric acid 0.25 ml iso-Butyric acid 0.25 ml DL-2-Methyl butyric acid 0.25 ml iso-Valeric acid 0.25 ml © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 330 Carrine Blank DSM strains: An organic rich, liquid medium containing mineral solution, potassium phosphate, trypticase peptone, yeast extract, volatile fatty acids, hemin, glycerol, resazurin, sodium carbonate, D-glucose, maltose, cellobiose, soluble starch, L-cysteine hydrochloride, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Used for the cultivation of rumen bacteria. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium330.pdf 330. RUMEN BACTERIA MEDIUM Mineral solution (see below) 38.00 ml K2HPO4 0.30 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Yeast extract 0.50 g Volatile fatty acid mixture (see below) 3.10 ml Haemin 1.00 mg Glycerol 0.50 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Na2CO3 4.00 g D-Glucose 0.50 g Maltose 0.50 g Cellobiose 0.50 g Starch, soluble 0.50 g L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 960.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except carbonate, carbohydrates, cysteine, and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature while gassing with 100% CO2 gas. Add the carbonate and equilibrate the medium with the CO2 gas to pH 6.8. Distribute under CO2 gas atmosphere in rubber stoppered tubes (i.e. Hungate-type tubes) and autoclave. Thereafter, add carbohydrates, cysteine and sulfide from sterile stock solutions (prepared anoxically under 100% N2 gas and autoclaved). Adjust pH of final medium to 6.7 - 6.8, if necessary. Mineral solution: KH2PO4 6.00 g NaCl 12.00 g (NH4)2SO4 6.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.60 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 2.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Volatile fatty acid mixture: Acetic acid 4.25 ml Propionic acid 1.50 ml Butyric acid 1.00 ml n-Valeric acid 0.25 ml iso-Butyric acid 0.25 ml DL-2-Methyl butyric acid 0.25 ml iso-Valeric acid 0.25 ml © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Rumen bacteria medium volatile fatty acid mixture for DSMZ Medium 330 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 330: 330. RUMEN BACTERIA MEDIUM Mineral solution (see below) 38.00 ml K2HPO4 0.30 g Trypticase peptone (BD BBL) 2.00 g Yeast extract 0.50 g Volatile fatty acid mixture (see below) 3.10 ml Haemin 1.00 mg Glycerol 0.50 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Na2CO3 4.00 g D-Glucose 0.50 g Maltose 0.50 g Cellobiose 0.50 g Starch, soluble 0.50 g L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 960.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except carbonate, carbohydrates, cysteine, and sulfide), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature while gassing with 100% CO2 gas. Add the carbonate and equilibrate the medium with the CO2 gas to pH 6.8. Distribute under CO2 gas atmosphere in rubber stoppered tubes (i.e. Hungate-type tubes) and autoclave. Thereafter, add carbohydrates, cysteine and sulfide from sterile stock solutions (prepared anoxically under 100% N2 gas and autoclaved). Adjust pH of final medium to 6.7 - 6.8, if necessary. Mineral solution: KH2PO4 6.00 g NaCl 12.00 g (NH4)2SO4 6.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.60 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 2.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Volatile fatty acid mixture: Acetic acid 4.25 ml Propionic acid 1.50 ml Butyric acid 1.00 ml n-Valeric acid 0.25 ml iso-Butyric acid 0.25 ml DL-2-Methyl butyric acid 0.25 ml iso-Valeric acid 0.25 ml © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A defined organic solution containing a mixture the following volatile fatty acids: acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, and isovaleric acid. DSMZ Medium 1006 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1006.pdf 1006. ALLISONELLA MEDIUM K2HPO4 292.0 mg KH2PO4 292.0 mg (NH4)2SO4 480.0 mg NaCl 480.0 mg MgSO4 x 7 H2O 100.0 mg CaCl2 x 2 H2O 64.0 mg Trypticase 1.0 g Yeast extract 4.0 g DL-Histidine 7.8 g Resazurin 1.0 mg Na2CO3 4.0 g Volatile fatty acid mixture (see medium 330) 3.1 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.5 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Dissolve ingredients (except carbonate, fatty acid mixture and cysteine), bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 100% CO2 gas atmosphere. Add solid carbonate, fatty acid mixture and cysteine and adjust pH to 6.0. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: Allisonella medium An organic-rich, liquid medium containing potassium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, trypticase (trypticase peptone), yeast extract, histidine, resazurin, sodium carbonate, volatile fatty acid mixture, and L-cysteine hydrochloride. Prepared under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1007.4 DSM 24478 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StrainInfo. DSM 24479 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StrainInfo. DSM 24480 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StrainInfo. DSM 24481 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StrainInfo. DSM 24492 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StrainInfo. DSM 24493 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StrainInfo. DSM 24527 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StrainInfo. DSMZ Medium 1007.4 -< for DSM 24478, 24479, 24480, 24481, 24492, 24493, 24527 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1007.pdf 1007. MINERAL MEDIUM KNO3 250.0 mg KH2PO4 100.0 mg MgSO4 x 7 H2O 50.0 mg CaCl2 x 2 H2O 10.0 mg Trace elements 1.0 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace elements: EDTA 5.00 g CuCl2 x 5 H2O 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 2.00 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.02 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g Na2MoO4 0.03 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.03 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Final pH 5.5-6.0. DSM 15672 may be grown on either 0.5-1.0% methanol or under a gas phase of 20% methane in air. DSM 15673 supplied from the DSMZ has been grown on methanol. DSM 16984 has been grown on 20% methane in air. DSM 24478, 24479, 24480, 24481, 24492, 24493 and 24527 have been grown on 50% methane in air. Strains should be grown with shaking when grown on methane. © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 1007, except that methane (in higher amounts) is added. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1007.3 DSM 16984 is Methylocystis heyeri DSMZ Medium 1007.3 -< for DSM 16984 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1007.pdf 1007. MINERAL MEDIUM KNO3 250.0 mg KH2PO4 100.0 mg MgSO4 x 7 H2O 50.0 mg CaCl2 x 2 H2O 10.0 mg Trace elements 1.0 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace elements: EDTA 5.00 g CuCl2 x 5 H2O 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 2.00 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.02 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g Na2MoO4 0.03 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.03 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Final pH 5.5-6.0. DSM 15672 may be grown on either 0.5-1.0% methanol or under a gas phase of 20% methane in air. DSM 15673 supplied from the DSMZ has been grown on methanol. DSM 16984 has been grown on 20% methane in air. DSM 24478, 24479, 24480, 24481, 24492, 24493 and 24527 have been grown on 50% methane in air. Strains should be grown with shaking when grown on methane. © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank Similar to DSMZ Medium 1007, except that methane is added. DSMZ Medium 1007.2 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1007.pdf 1007. MINERAL MEDIUM KNO3 250.0 mg KH2PO4 100.0 mg MgSO4 x 7 H2O 50.0 mg CaCl2 x 2 H2O 10.0 mg Trace elements 1.0 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace elements: EDTA 5.00 g CuCl2 x 5 H2O 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 2.00 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.02 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g Na2MoO4 0.03 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.03 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Final pH 5.5-6.0. DSM 15672 may be grown on either 0.5-1.0% methanol or under a gas phase of 20% methane in air. DSM 15673 supplied from the DSMZ has been grown on methanol. DSM 16984 has been grown on 20% methane in air. DSM 24478, 24479, 24480, 24481, 24492, 24493 and 24527 have been grown on 50% methane in air. Strains should be grown with shaking when grown on methane. © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 1007, except that methanol is added. DSM 15673 is Methylocella tundrae DSMZ Medium 1007.2 -< for DSM 15673 DSMZ Medium 1007.1 DSM 15672 is Alteromonas stellipolaris LMG 21856 Carrine Blank Similar to DSMZ Medium 1007, except that methanol, methane, and air (oxygen) is added. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1007.pdf 1007. MINERAL MEDIUM KNO3 250.0 mg KH2PO4 100.0 mg MgSO4 x 7 H2O 50.0 mg CaCl2 x 2 H2O 10.0 mg Trace elements 1.0 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace elements: EDTA 5.00 g CuCl2 x 5 H2O 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 2.00 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.02 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g Na2MoO4 0.03 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.03 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Final pH 5.5-6.0. DSM 15672 may be grown on either 0.5-1.0% methanol or under a gas phase of 20% methane in air. DSM 15673 supplied from the DSMZ has been grown on methanol. DSM 16984 has been grown on 20% methane in air. DSM 24478, 24479, 24480, 24481, 24492, 24493 and 24527 have been grown on 50% methane in air. Strains should be grown with shaking when grown on methane. © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1007.1 -< for DSM 15672 DSMZ Medium 1007 A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, and trace elements. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1007.pdf 1007. MINERAL MEDIUM KNO3 250.0 mg KH2PO4 100.0 mg MgSO4 x 7 H2O 50.0 mg CaCl2 x 2 H2O 10.0 mg Trace elements 1.0 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace elements: EDTA 5.00 g CuCl2 x 5 H2O 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 2.00 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.02 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g Na2MoO4 0.03 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.03 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Final pH 5.5-6.0. DSM 15672 may be grown on either 0.5-1.0% methanol or under a gas phase of 20% methane in air. DSM 15673 supplied from the DSMZ has been grown on methanol. DSM 16984 has been grown on 20% methane in air. DSM 24478, 24479, 24480, 24481, 24492, 24493 and 24527 have been grown on 50% methane in air. Strains should be grown with shaking when grown on methane. © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: mineral medium DSMZ Medium 1008 Marine spirochete medium An organic-rich, liquid medium containing trypticase peptone, yeast extract, sodium thioglycolate, resazurin, charcoal-filtered seawater and cellobiose. Prepared under at atmosphere of dinitrogen. Used for the cultivation of marine spirochaetes. Carrine Blank DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1008.pdf 1008. MARINE SPIROCHETE MEDIUM Trypticase Peptone (BD 211921) 2.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Na-Thioglycolate 1.0 g Resazurin 0.5 mg Charcoal-filtered, natural seawater 800.0 ml Distilled water 200.0 ml Dissolve ingredients (except thioglycolate), boil medium for 3 min., then cool to room temperature under N2 gas atmosphere. Add thioglycolate and adjust pH of medium to 7.5 with 10 N KOH. Dispense under N2 gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave at 121 ˚C for 15 min. Bottled water from Biomaris GmbH can be used instead of filtered seawater. Prepare 10% cellobiose solution (10.0 g in 100 ml distilled water) under nitrogen atmosphere, filter-sterilize and add 0.2 ml to 10 ml autoclaved medium. © 2009 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1009 DSM strains: TCG medium An organic-rich, liquid medium comprised of tryptone, casitone, glucose, and artificial seawater. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1009.pdf 1009. TCG MEDIUM Tryptone 3.0 g Casitone 5.0 g Glucose 4.0 g Seawater (see below) 1000.0 ml Artifical seawater (ASW, eg., Instant Ocean) = 32 g seasalt disolved in 1000 ml distilled water. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1010.1 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1010.pdf 1010. ARTIFICAL SEAWATER MEDIUM NaCl 26.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 5.70 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 6.80 g KCl 0.66 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.47 g KBr 0.09 g Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Resazurin 0.50 mg KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaHCO3 2.50 g Na-lactate 2.30 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Seven vitamins solution (see medium 503) 1.00 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except dihydrogenphosphate, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate, lactate, vitamins and sulfide), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. Add dihydrogenphosphate, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate, lactate, vitamins and sulfide form sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under 100% N2 gas or 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture (bicarbonate). The vitamin solutions should be sterilized by filtration. Adjust the final pH of the medium to 7.2 - 7.5. For DSM 15769 replace lactate as substrate with 0.45 g/l 3-phenylpropionate, which is added to the medium after autoclaving from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under 100% N2. DSMZ Medium 1010.1 -< for DSM 15769 DSM 15769 is Delta proteobacterium EbS7 Carrine Blank Similar to DSMZ Medium 1010, except that lactate is omitted and 3-phenylpropionate is added. DSMZ Medium 1010 A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium bromide, selenite-tungstate solution, trace elements, resazurin, potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium lactate, vitamin solution, seven vitamins solution, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1010.pdf 1010. ARTIFICAL SEAWATER MEDIUM NaCl 26.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 5.70 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 6.80 g KCl 0.66 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.47 g KBr 0.09 g Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Resazurin 0.50 mg KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaHCO3 2.50 g Na-lactate 2.30 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Seven vitamins solution (see medium 503) 1.00 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except dihydrogenphosphate, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate, lactate, vitamins and sulfide), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. Add dihydrogenphosphate, ammonium chloride, bicarbonate, lactate, vitamins and sulfide form sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under 100% N2 gas or 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture (bicarbonate). The vitamin solutions should be sterilized by filtration. Adjust the final pH of the medium to 7.2 - 7.5. For DSM 15769 replace lactate as substrate with 0.45 g/l 3-phenylpropionate, which is added to the medium after autoclaving from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under 100% N2. artifical seawater medium Carrine Blank DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 1011.3 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1011.3 -< for DSM 28671 Similar to DSMZ Medium 1011, except that dinitrogen and carbon dioxide are omitted DSM 28671 is described as Thiomicrospira crunogena strain SP-41 (strain is not in Tax Browser yet). Thiomicrospira crunogena http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1011.pdf 1011. MJ MEDIUM NaCl 30.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.18 g KCl 0.33 g NH4Cl 0.25 g Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.01 g Trace element solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml NaHCO3 1.50 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 1.50 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels (up to a volume of 20%) and autoclave. Add bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins to the autoclaved medium from sterile anoxic stock solutions. Solutions of vitamins and thiosulfate are sterilized by filtration and stored under N2, whereas the solution of bicarbonate is prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and autoclaved. Adjust the final pH of the medium to 6.7. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 0.5 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and add sterile air in an amount that is equivalent to a volume of 20% of the headspace. For DSM 23290 supplement medium with 2.00 g/l NaNO3. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 1 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Do not add sterile air! For DSM 24660 omit thiosulfate and supplement medium with 4.00 g/l yeast extract and 4.00 g/l Trypton peptone. After autoclaving the medium is reduced with 0.30 g/l Na2S x 9 H2O added from a sterile anoxic stock solution (3% w/v) prepared under 100% N2 gas and the pH adjusted to 6.5. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 1 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Do not add sterile air! For DSM 28671 omit pressurizing vials with 0.5 bar overpressure of 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1011.2 Similar to DSMZ Medium 1011, except that sodium thiosulfate and air (oxygen) are omitted. Yeast extract, tryptone, and sodium sulfide is added. Finally, the pH is made slightly more acidic (6.5). http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1011.pdf 1011. MJ MEDIUM NaCl 30.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.18 g KCl 0.33 g NH4Cl 0.25 g Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.01 g Trace element solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml NaHCO3 1.50 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 1.50 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels (up to a volume of 20%) and autoclave. Add bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins to the autoclaved medium from sterile anoxic stock solutions. Solutions of vitamins and thiosulfate are sterilized by filtration and stored under N2, whereas the solution of bicarbonate is prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and autoclaved. Adjust the final pH of the medium to 6.7. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 0.5 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and add sterile air in an amount that is equivalent to a volume of 20% of the headspace. For DSM 23290 supplement medium with 2.00 g/l NaNO3. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 1 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Do not add sterile air! For DSM 24660 omit thiosulfate and supplement medium with 4.00 g/l yeast extract and 4.00 g/l Trypton peptone. After autoclaving the medium is reduced with 0.30 g/l Na2S x 9 H2O added from a sterile anoxic stock solution (3% w/v) prepared under 100% N2 gas and the pH adjusted to 6.5. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 1 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Do not add sterile air! For DSM 28671 omit pressurizing vials with 0.5 bar overpressure of 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1011.2 -< for DSM 24660 DSM 24660 is Thermotomaculum hydrothermale DSMZ Medium 1011.1 DSMZ Medium 1011.1 -< for DSM 23290 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1011.pdf 1011. MJ MEDIUM NaCl 30.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.18 g KCl 0.33 g NH4Cl 0.25 g Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.01 g Trace element solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml NaHCO3 1.50 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 1.50 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels (up to a volume of 20%) and autoclave. Add bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins to the autoclaved medium from sterile anoxic stock solutions. Solutions of vitamins and thiosulfate are sterilized by filtration and stored under N2, whereas the solution of bicarbonate is prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and autoclaved. Adjust the final pH of the medium to 6.7. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 0.5 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and add sterile air in an amount that is equivalent to a volume of 20% of the headspace. For DSM 23290 supplement medium with 2.00 g/l NaNO3. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 1 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Do not add sterile air! For DSM 24660 omit thiosulfate and supplement medium with 4.00 g/l yeast extract and 4.00 g/l Trypton peptone. After autoclaving the medium is reduced with 0.30 g/l Na2S x 9 H2O added from a sterile anoxic stock solution (3% w/v) prepared under 100% N2 gas and the pH adjusted to 6.5. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 1 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Do not add sterile air! For DSM 28671 omit pressurizing vials with 0.5 bar overpressure of 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 1011, except that sodium nitrate is added and air (oxygen) is omitted. DSM 23290 is Sulfurovum lithotrophicum Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1011 DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1011.pdf 1011. MJ MEDIUM NaCl 30.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.18 g KCl 0.33 g NH4Cl 0.25 g Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.01 g Trace element solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml NaHCO3 1.50 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 1.50 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels (up to a volume of 20%) and autoclave. Add bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins to the autoclaved medium from sterile anoxic stock solutions. Solutions of vitamins and thiosulfate are sterilized by filtration and stored under N2, whereas the solution of bicarbonate is prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and autoclaved. Adjust the final pH of the medium to 6.7. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 0.5 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and add sterile air in an amount that is equivalent to a volume of 20% of the headspace. For DSM 23290 supplement medium with 2.00 g/l NaNO3. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 1 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Do not add sterile air! For DSM 24660 omit thiosulfate and supplement medium with 4.00 g/l yeast extract and 4.00 g/l Trypton peptone. After autoclaving the medium is reduced with 0.30 g/l Na2S x 9 H2O added from a sterile anoxic stock solution (3% w/v) prepared under 100% N2 gas and the pH adjusted to 6.5. After inoculation pressurize vessels to 1 bar overpressure with 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Do not add sterile air! For DSM 28671 omit pressurizing vials with 0.5 bar overpressure of 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved MJ medium A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing sodium chloride, potassium phosphate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, ferrous ammonium sulfate, trace elements, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and vitamins. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen, carbon dioxide, and air (oxygen). Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 1011a http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1011a.pdf 1011a. MJ MEDIUM FOR THIOBACTER SUBTERRANEUS NaCl 3.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.34 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.42 g KCl 0.33 g NH4Cl 0.25 g Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O 0.01 g Trace element solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml NaHCO3 1.50 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 1.50 g Vitamin solution (see medium 141) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins), boil medium for 1 min, then cool to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels (up to a volume of 20%) and autoclave. Add bicarbonate, thiosulfate and vitamins to the autoclaved medium from sterile anoxic stock solutions. Solutions of vitamins and thiosulfate are sterilized by filtration and stored under 100% N2 gas, whereas the solution of bicarbonate is prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture and autoclaved. Adjust the final pH of the medium to 6.7. After inoculation add sterile air in an amount that is equivalent to a volume of 50% of the headspace. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 1011, except that reduced amounts of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and magnesium chloride are added. MJ medium for Thiobacter subterraneus Thiobacter subterraneus medium Carrine Blank DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 1012 An organic-rich, liquid medium containing nutrient broth medium, casamino acids, yeast extract, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride. Carrine Blank DN broth DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1012.pdf 1012. DN BROTH Bacto Nutrient Broth (Difco 0003) 0.8 g Casamino acids 0.5 g Yeast extract 0.1 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.3 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.6 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Dissolve ingredients except calcium and magnesium chloride and adjust pH of the medium to 7.2 with NaOH. After autoclaving add calcium and magnesium from sterile stock solutions. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 1014 Carrine Blank Thioalkalivirbio halophilus medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1014.pdf 1014. THIOALKALIVIBRIO HALOPHILUS MEDIUM NaCl 175.00 g K2HPO4 1.50 g NH4Cl 0.50 g Trace element solution SL-4 (see medium 14) 1.00 ml MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g Na2S2O3 5.00 g NaHCO3 4.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients except magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, thiosulfate and bicarbonat. Fill solution in screw capped Erlenmeyer flasks (1/10 volume) and autoclave at 110˚C for 30 min. Add remaining compounds from sterile stock solutions and adjust pH of the medium to 8.0 - 8.5. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: A minerals-salts, liquid medium containing sodium chloride, potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, trace elements, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and sodium bicarbonate. Used for the cultivation of Thioalkalkalivibrio halophilus. DSMZ Medium 1015 An organic rich, solid medium containing yeast extract, peptone, glucose, and agar. DSM strains: Carrine Blank YPGA http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1015.pdf 1015. YPGA Yeast extract 7.0 g Bactopeptone 7.0 g Glucose 7.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved trace elements solution SL-4 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium14.pdf 14. CLOSTRIDIUM FORMICOACETICUM MEDIUM D-Fructose 5.00 g Yeast extract 5.00 g K2HPO4 10.00 g NaHCO3 10.00 g Trace element solution SL-4 (see below) 10.00 ml Pyridoxine-HCl 1.00 mg Resazurin 1.00 mg Na-thioglycolate 0.75 g Agar, if necessary 15.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except frucose and bicarbonate) and sparge medium with 100% N2 gas to make it anoxic. Add fructose from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2 gas and bicarbonate from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Adjust final pH to 8.0. Trace element solution SL-4: EDTA 0.50 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g Trace element solution SL-6 (see medium 27) 100.00 ml Distilled water 900.00 ml First dissolve EDTA in distilled water by adjusting the pH to 7.0 - 8.0 using a 2 M solution of NaOH; then add ferrous sulfate and the trace element solution SL–6. © 2009 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank A trace elements solution containing EDTA, ferrous sulfate, and trace elements solution SL-6. DSMZ Medium 14 Carrine Blank An organic rich, solid medium containing D-fructose, yeast extract, potassium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, trace elements, pyridoxine hydrochloride, resazurin, sodium thioglycollate, and agar. Prepared under an atmosphere of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Used for the cultivation of Clostridium formicoaceticum. DSM strains: Clostridium formicoaceticum medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium14.pdf 14. CLOSTRIDIUM FORMICOACETICUM MEDIUM D-Fructose 5.00 g Yeast extract 5.00 g K2HPO4 10.00 g NaHCO3 10.00 g Trace element solution SL-4 (see below) 10.00 ml Pyridoxine-HCl 1.00 mg Resazurin 1.00 mg Na-thioglycolate 0.75 g Agar, if necessary 15.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except frucose and bicarbonate) and sparge medium with 100% N2 gas to make it anoxic. Add fructose from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2 gas and bicarbonate from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Adjust final pH to 8.0. Trace element solution SL-4: EDTA 0.50 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g Trace element solution SL-6 (see medium 27) 100.00 ml Distilled water 900.00 ml First dissolve EDTA in distilled water by adjusting the pH to 7.0 - 8.0 using a 2 M solution of NaOH; then add ferrous sulfate and the trace element solution SL–6. © 2009 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved calf serum https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-culture/mammalian-cell-culture/fbs/other-sera/bovine-serum.html Gibco® bovine (aka calf serum) serum is collected from prime cattle with an age range of 12-36 months, but typically less than 24 months. All lots are processed and manufactured in New Zealand. Each lot of bovine serum is tested for its ability to support the growth of VERO cells over three subcultures. At each passage, the cells subcultured to the original cell-inoculation density. Results are compared to parallel results obtained using control growth medium containing a previously characterized reference serum. Bovine serum is available in a heat inactivated and non-heat inactivated format. In addition, we offer a donor bovine serum and a donor bovine serum with iron. HI serum is heated for 30 minutes at 56°C while mixing to inactivate the complement Donor bovine serum with iron contains a Ferric citrate complex at 6.0 mg/dl bovine serum new borne calf serum Carrine Blank A serum medium ingredient, derived from the serum (coagulated blood) from a young calf, less than 36 months old, of a slaughtered cow (Bos taurus). DSMZ Medium 503.19 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM 24856 is Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except sodium nitrate, yeast extract, and sodium pyruvate are added as substrates. DSMZ Medium 503.19 -< for DSM 24856 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 503.20 DSMZ Medium 503.20 -< for DSM 24984 Similar to DSMZ Medium 503, except sodium acetate and disodium hydrogen arsenate are added as substrates. Carrine Blank DSM 24984 is Seleniivibrio woodruffii http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium503.pdf 503. FWM MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 0.20 g NH4Cl 0.25 g NaCl 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.40 g KCl 0.50 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.15 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Solution B: Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Solution C: Vitamins solution (see below) 1.00 ml Solution D: Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Solution E: NaHCO3, 5% w/v solution 50.00 ml Solution F: Substrate solution (see below) 10.00 ml Solution G: Na2S x 9 H2O, 3% w/v solution 10.00 ml Prepare solution A anoxically under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Anoxic stock solutions B, C, D, F and G are prepared separately under 100% N2 gas. Solution E is prepared und 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. Filter sterilize the vitamins solution. Solutions B to G are added to the sterile solution A in the sequence as indicated. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2 - 7.4, if necessary. Seven vitamins solution: Vitamin B12 100.00 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 80.00 mg D(+)-Biotin 20.00 mg Nicotinic acid 200.00 mg Calcium pantothenate 100.00 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 300.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 200.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml For DSM 5847: Use 1.50 g/l of Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate or 2.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 5849: Use 2.50 g/l of Na2-succinate as substrate. For DSM 5885: Use 1.60 g/l Na2-maleate as substrate. Adjust pH of completed medium to 6.7 - 6.8. For DSM 6779: Use 2.00 g/l of xylan or xylose as substrate. For DSM 10092: Add 0.70 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A and use 1.50 g/l Na-propionate as substrate. Reduce the amount of sulfide to 0.10 g/l and use 10 - 20 mg sodium dithionite per liter (e.g. from 5% (w/v) solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter-sterilized) for reduction of the medium prior to inoculation. For DSM 11046: Add 1.70 g/l NaNO3 to solution A and use 1.25 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11261: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.00 g/l Na-glycolate as substrate. For DSM 11262: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A and use 2.50 g/l Na-(D/L)-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. For DSM 11263 and DSM 11489: Use 0.82 g/l Na-acetate and 3.20 g/l Na2-fumarate as substrates. For DSM 11270: Use 2.50 g/l taurine as substrate. For DSM 11480: Use 1.80 g/l D-glucose as substrate added from an anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 12018: Use 0.20 g/l yeast extract and 2.66 g/l L-aspartic acid as substrates. For DSM 13305: Add 1.00 g/l yeast extract to solution A. Use 5.00 g/l D-fructose as substrate. For DSM 14424 and DSM 28450: Use 5.00 g/l glucose and 2.00 g/l yeast extract as substrates. For DSM 15206: Use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and 2.00 g/l Trypticase peptone as substrates. For DSM 15978 and DSM 27305: Use 2.00 g/l trimethylamine hydrochloride and 0.60 g/l methanol as substrates and adjust pH of the medium to 6.5 - 7.0. After inoculation add 10 ml/l of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (0.2% w/v). For DSM 16082: Add 1.40 g/l Na2SO4 to solution A. Distribute aliquots of 50 ml solution A in 120 ml serum bottles, autoclave and complete medium with solutions B to G. Use as substrate 1.00 ml of a 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (Aldrich) solution containing 1.5% m-xylene. Prior to inoculation add to the completed medium 0.53 ml of a sterile, anoxic stock solution of FeSO4 x 7 H2O (8% w/v) in 0.25 N H2SO4. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 7.2, if necessary. For DSM 21662: Replace solution B and D with the trace elements solution of medium 141, solution C with the vitamins solution of medium 141 and omit solution G. Use 1.36 g/l Na-acetate as substrate. Prior to inoculation 1.22 g/l Na-perchlorate is added from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24856: Add 0.85 g/l NaNO3 to solution A. Use 0.10 g/l yeast extract and 1.10 g/l Na-pyruvate as substrates. Na-pyruvate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 24984: Use 0.80 g/l Na-acetate and 3.10 g/l Na2HAsO4 x 7 H2O as substrates. Na2-arsenate is added to the autoclaved medium from a sterile anoxic stock solution sterilized by filtration. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved trace elements solution for DSMZ Medium 1007 Carrine Blank A trace elements solution containing EDTA, copper chloride, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, nickel chloride, cobalt chloride, sodium molybdate, and manganese chloride. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1007.pdf 1007. MINERAL MEDIUM KNO3 250.0 mg KH2PO4 100.0 mg MgSO4 x 7 H2O 50.0 mg CaCl2 x 2 H2O 10.0 mg Trace elements 1.0 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace elements: EDTA 5.00 g CuCl2 x 5 H2O 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 2.00 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 0.02 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 0.20 g Na2MoO4 0.03 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.03 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Final pH 5.5-6.0. DSM 15672 may be grown on either 0.5-1.0% methanol or under a gas phase of 20% methane in air. DSM 15673 supplied from the DSMZ has been grown on methanol. DSM 16984 has been grown on 20% methane in air. DSM 24478, 24479, 24480, 24481, 24492, 24493 and 24527 have been grown on 50% methane in air. Strains should be grown with shaking when grown on methane. © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved charcoal filtered seawater An undefined inorganic chemical mixture comprised of seawater that has been passed through a charcoal filter. Carrine Blank charcoal filter Carrine Blank A water filter that uses charcoal to filter a liquid. artificial seawater An inorganic salts solution that mimics sea water. Carrine Blank synthetic seawater marine salts Instant Ocean sea salt Carrine Blank A defined inorganic chemical mixture made from a commercially available synthetic sea salt (Instant Ocean® sea salt). From: Instant Ocean Synthetic Sea Salt MSDS AQUARIUM SYSTEMS INC -- INSTANT OCEAN SYNTHETIC SEA SALT -- 6810-00N009578 ===================== Product Identification ===================== Product ID:INSTANT OCEAN SYNTHETIC SEA SALT MSDS Date:11/17/1986 FSC:6810 NIIN:00N009578 MSDS Number: BCSTP === Responsible Party === Company Name:AQUARIUM SYSTEMS INC Address:8141 TYLER BOULEVARD City:MENTOR State:OH ZIP:44060 Country:US Info Phone Num:216-255-1997 Emergency Phone Num:216-255-1997 CAGE:56932 === Contractor Identification === Company Name:AQUARIUM SYSTEMS INC Address:8141 TYLER BOULEVARD Box:City:MENTOR State:OH ZIP:44060 Phone:216-255-1997 CAGE:56932 ============= Composition/Information on Ingredients ============= Ingred Name:CALCIUM CHLORIDE CAS:10043-52-4 RTECS #:EV9800000 Fraction by Wt: Other REC Limits: OSHA PEL: ACGIH TLV: Ingred Name:POTASSIUM CHLORIDE CAS:7447-40-7 RTECS #:TS8050000 Fraction by Wt: Other REC Limits: OSHA PEL: ACGIH TLV: Ingred Name:SODIUM SULFATE CAS:7757-82-6 RTECS #:WE1650000 Fraction by Wt: Other REC Limits: OSHA PEL: ACGIH TLV: Ingred Name:NACL COMMON SALT CAS:7647-14-5 RTECS #:VZ4725000 Fraction by Wt: 70% Other REC Limits: OSHA PEL: ACGIH TLV: Ingred Name:MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE CAS:7786-30-3 RTECS #:OM2800000 Fraction by Wt: Other REC Limits: OSHA PEL: ACGIH TLV: ===================== Hazards Identification ===================== LD50 LC50 Mixture: Routes of Entry: Inhalation:YES Skin:NO Ingestion:NO Reports of Carcinogenicity:NTP:NO IARC:NO OSHA:NO Health Hazards Acute and Chronic:CHRONIC TOXICITY:MAY BE A MILD IRRITANT.ROUTE OF MOST DETRIMENTAL EXPOS:INHALATION,TARGET ORGANS:MUCUS MEMBRANES.SKIN,EYES. Explanation of Carcinogenicity:N/A Effects of Overexposure:NOT DETERMINED Medical Cond Aggravated by Exposure: ======================= First Aid Measures ======================= First Aid:EYE & SKIN CONTACT: RINSE WITH FRESH H*2O.INGESTION:DRINK WATER TO DILUTE.INHAL:CONTROL OF DUST TO COMFORT LEVELS IN WORK AREAS. ===================== Fire Fighting Measures ===================== Extinguishing Media:NON FLAMMABLE Fire Fighting Procedures: Unusual Fire/Explosion Hazard:NONE ================== Accidental Release Measures ================== Spill Release Procedures:SWEEP UP DRY & DISCARD.IF WET MOP UP & RINSE DOWN DRAIN. Neutralizing Agent: ====================== Handling and Storage ====================== Handling and Storage Precautions:STORE IN COOL,DRY AREA TO PREVENT MOISTURE PICK-UP. Other Precautions:NO SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS. ============= Exposure Controls/Personal Protection ============= Respiratory Protection:N/R Ventilation:N/R Protective Gloves:ADVISABLE.OVEREXPOS MAY CAUSE DRY SKIN Eye Protection:SAFETY GLASSES W/ SIDE SHIELDS Other Protective Equipment: Work Hygienic Practices:NORMAL GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES Supplemental Safety and Health STATE:SOLID ================== Physical/Chemical Properties ================== HCC:N1 Boiling Pt:B.P. Text:NA Vapor Pres:NA Spec Gravity:1.2 pH:8.3-3% Solubility in Water:35GM/100ML Appearance and Odor:WHITE MIX,POWDER/CRYSTAL,ODORLESS Percent Volatiles by Volume: Corrosion Rate:NO ================= Stability and Reactivity Data ================= Stability Indicator/Materials to Avoid:YES Stability Condition to Avoid: Hazardous Decomposition Products:NONE Conditions to Avoid Polymerization: ==================== Disposal Considerations ==================== Waste Disposal Methods:DISPOSE OF IAW ALL FEDERAL,STATE & LOCAL REGULATIONS. Disclaimer (provided with this information by the compiling agencies): This information is formulated for use by elements of the Department of Defense. The United States of America in no manner whatsoever, expressly or implied, warrants this information to be accurate and disclaims all liability for its use. Any person utilizing this document should seek competent professional advice to verify and assume responsibility for the suitability of this information to their particular situation. Instant Ocean® sea salt DSMZ Medium 9 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid medium comprised of Baker's yeast, calcium chloride, vitamin B12 (cobalamin), and agar. DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium9.pdf 9. VY/2 AGAR Baker's yeast 5.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.36 g Vitamin B12 0.50 mg Agar (Difco) 15.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Sterilize vitamin B12 separately by filtration. Prepare and store yeast cells as autoclaved stock suspension (5 g baker's yeast/100 ml distilled water, adjust pH to 6.5 and autoclave). Adjust pH of medium to 7.2 with KOH before, and after autoclaving and cooling to 50˚C (use pH-indicator paper). For suspension of freeze-dried cells from ampoules add about 0.5 - 1.0 ml medium MD1 (per liter: casiton 3.0 g; calciumchloride dihydrate 0.7 g; magnesiumsulphate heptahydrate 2.0 g) to the vial with freeze dried material. For DSM 11116 reduce amount of vitamin B12 to 0.05 mg/l. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved VY/2 agar DSMZ Medium 2 Carrine Blank Bacillus pasteurii medium DSM strains: 276 Sporosarcina pasteurii 1 Sporosarcina pasteurii 317 Sporosarcina ureae L.E.1.1 320 Sporosarcina ureae L.E.P.4 2280 Sporosarcina ureae Gibson 229 40726 Sporosarcina ureae 2305 Sporosarcina ureae 2306 Sporosarcina ureae 2307 Sporosarcina ureae (none are sequenced) An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing meat extract, peptone, agar, and urea. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium2.pdf 2. BACILLUS PASTEURII MEDIUM To medium 1 add 20 g/l urea before autoclaving. Do not adjust pH; pH raises to about 8 due to heat degraded urea. For sporulation enhancement add 10 mg/l MnSO4 x H2O. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 3 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium3.pdf 3. AZOTOBACTER MEDIUM Glucose 5.00 g Mannitol 5.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 5.00 mg K2HPO4 0.90 g KH2PO4 0.10 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g CaCO3 5.00 g Agar 15.00 g Distilled water 950.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. Sterilize glucose and mannitol separately (in 50 ml H2O) and add to the medium after autoclaving. Calcium carbonate in the medium serves as a buffer. The calcium carbonate will settle in agar plates before the agar has set, producing an opaque layer in the bottom. As the strain grows and acid is produced this will react with the calcium carbonate, causing it to dissolve and form zones of clearing immediately below the colonies. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Azotobacter medium DSM strains: 375 Azomonas agilis 89 Azomonas agilis 721 Azomonas macrocytogenes 722 Azomonas macrocytogenes 376 Azorhizophilus paspali 388 Azorhizophilus paspali 391 Azorhizophilus paspali 400 Azorhizophilus paspali 2283 Azorhizophilus paspali 88 Azorhizophilus paspali 2284 Azotobacter armeniacus 282 Azotobacter beijerinckii 373 Azotobacter beijerinckii 381 Azotobacter beijerinckii 1041 Azotobacter beijerinckii 281 Azotobacter chroococcum 328 Azotobacter chroococcum 368 Azotobacter chroococcum 369 Azotobacter chroococcum 374 Azotobacter chroococcum 397 Azotobacter chroococcum 393 Azotobacter chroococcum 398 Azotobacter chroococcum 2286 Azotobacter chroococcum 2288 Azotobacter nigricans subsp. nigricans 279 Azotobacter vinelandii 332 Azotobacter vinelandii 366 Azotobacter vinelandii 382 Azotobacter vinelandii 389 Azotobacter vinelandii 390 Azotobacter vinelandii 395 Azotobacter vinelandii 399 Azotobacter vinelandii 576 Azotobacter vinelandii 720 Azotobacter vinelandii 2289 Azotobacter vinelandii 2290 Azotobacter vinelandii 85 Azotobacter vinelandii 86 Azotobacter vinelandii 87 Azotobacter vinelandii 13529 Azotobacter vinelandii 44106 Saccharomonospora cyanea NA-134 An organic-rich, solid medium containing glucose, mannitol, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium molybdate, potassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, and agar. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 6 DSM strains: 277 Bacillus fastidiosus 278 Bacillus fastidiosus 280 Bacillus fastidiosus 283 Bacillus fastidiosus 324 Bacillus fastidiosus 325 Bacillus fastidiosus 326 Bacillus fastidiosus 1301 Bacillus fastidiosus 1305 Bacillus fastidiosus 72 Bacillus fastidiosus 73 Bacillus fastidiosus 76 Bacillus fastidiosus 77 Bacillus fastidiosus 78 Bacillus fastidiosus 82 Bacillus fastidiosus 83 Bacillus fastidiosus 91 Bacillus fastidiosus 1306 Bacillus sp. 1302 Bacillus sp. 1303 Bacillus sp. 1304 Bacillus sp. 43292 Mycobacterium vaccae 43113 Mycobacterium vaccae Carrine Blank Allantoin mineral medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium6.pdf 6. ALLANTOIN MINERAL MEDIUM K2HPO4 0.8 g KH2PO4 0.2 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.5 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g MnSO4 x H2O 1.0 mg Allantoin 20.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A minerals-salts, solid culture medium comprised of potassium phospate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, allantoin, and agar. With the mix of potassium phosphates, the pH should be about 7.4. DSMZ Medium 7 DSM strains: An organic rich, solid medium containing glucose, peptone, yeast extract, and agar. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium7.pdf 7. ANCYLOBACTER - SPIROSOMA MEDIUM Glucose 1.0 g Peptone 1.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.0 For DSM 27188 use washed agar and adjust to pH 5.0-5.5. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank Ancylobacter-Spirosoma medium DSMZ Medium 7.1 DSM 27188 is not in StrainInfo, TaxBrowser, or www.dsmz.de. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium7.pdf 7. ANCYLOBACTER - SPIROSOMA MEDIUM Glucose 1.0 g Peptone 1.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.0 For DSM 27188 use washed agar and adjust to pH 5.0-5.5. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 7.1 -< for DSM 27188 Similar to DSMZ Medium 7, except washed agar is used instead of agar and the pH is reduced to 5.0-5.5. washed agar Agar that has been purified/treated through the process of washing. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 8 DSM strains: An organic-rich, solid medium containing glucose, peptone, yeast extract, calcium carbonate, and agar. Bacillus racemilacticus medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium8.pdf 8. BACILLUS "RACEMILACTICUS" MEDIUM Glucose 5.0 g Peptone 5.0 g Yeast extract 5.0 g CaCO3 5.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 6.8. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 220.2 Similar to DSMZ Medium 220, except methanol is added. DSM 5746 is Methylobacillus DSMZ Medium 220.2 -< for DSM 5746 From: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium220.pdf 220. CASO AGAR (Merck 105458) Peptone from casein 15.0 g Peptone from soymeal 5.0 g NaCl 5.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. Medium is identical with Tryptone Soya Agar (Oxoid Cm131). For strain DSM 21449 und DSM 21450 NaCl 10.0 g/L MnSO4 10.0 mg/L For strain DSM 5746 Methanol © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 220.1 Similar to DSMZ Medium 220, except sodium chloride is increased and manganese sulfate is added. DSM 21449 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StainInfo. DSM 21450 is not in www.dsmz.de, TaxBrowser, or StainInfo Carrine Blank From: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium220.pdf 220. CASO AGAR (Merck 105458) Peptone from casein 15.0 g Peptone from soymeal 5.0 g NaCl 5.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. Medium is identical with Tryptone Soya Agar (Oxoid Cm131). For strain DSM 21449 und DSM 21450 NaCl 10.0 g/L MnSO4 10.0 mg/L For strain DSM 5746 Methanol © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 220.1 -< for DSM 21449 and DSM 21450 DSMZ Medium 11 Carrine Blank An organic rich, liquid culture medium containing casein peptone (casitone), meat extract, yeast extract, glucose, Tween 80 (polysorbate 80), potassium phosphate, sodium acetate, ammonium citrate, magnesium sulfate, and manganese sulfate. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium11.pdf 11. MRS MEDIUM Casein peptone, tryptic digest 10.00g Meat extract 10.00g Yeast extract 5.00g Glucose 20.00 g Tween 80 1.00g K2HPO4 2.00g Na-acetate 5.00g (NH4)2 citrate 2.00g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.05g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 6.2 - 6.5. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved MRS medium DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 12 soil extract medium Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium12.pdf 12. SOIL EXTRACT MEDIUM Sterilize 400.0 g of air-dried garden soil (with high content of organic matter) in 1000 ml tap water for one hour at 121˚C. Allow it to sediment for a few hours at room temperature. Centrifuge the supernatant. Add 15.0 g agar per 1000 ml to the clear supernatant solution thus obtained. Adjust pH to 6.8 - 7.0 and sterilize. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A liquid culture medium comprised of a soil extract and agar. DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 13 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium13.pdf 13. BACILLUS ACIDOCALDARIUS MEDIUM Solution A: Yeast extract 1.00g (NH4)2SO4 0.20g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25g KH2PO4 0.60g Distilled water 500.00 ml Adjust pH to 3.0 - 4.0. Solution B: Glucose 1.00g Agar 20.00 g Distilled water 500.00 ml Sterilize solution A and B separately at 121˚C for 15 min. Cool to 50˚C combine. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of yeast extract, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, potassium phosphate, glucose, and agar. DSM strains: Carrine Blank Bacillus acidocaldarium medium DSMZ Medium 21 An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of glucose, peptone, and yeast extract. Sarcina medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium21.pdf 21. SARCINA MEDIUM Glucose 30.0g Peptone 5.0g Yeast extract 5.0 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Adjust pH to 6.0. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 25 Rhodopseudomonas globiformis medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium25.pdf 25. RHODOPSEUDOMONAS GLOBIFORMIS MEDIUM Yeast extract 0.25 g Mannitol 1.50 g Na-gluconate 0.50 g KH2PO4 0.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.40 g NH4Cl 0.40 g NaCl 0.40 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 g Trace element solution SL-6 (see medium 27) 1.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 4.9, then add: Fe(III) citrate solution (0.1% in H2O) 5.00 ml Biotin solution (0.002% in H2O) 1.00 ml p-Aminobenzoic acid solution (0.01% in H2O) 1.00 ml Sterilize in screw-capped bottles. Cool to room temperature; to each 100 ml medium add 0.2 ml of a sterile 10% Na2S203 solution. Incubate in the light using a tungsten lamp. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of yeast extract, mannitol, sodium gluconate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, trace elements, ferric citrate, biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid), and sodium thiosulfate. DSMZ Medium 26 DSM strains: Similar to DSMZ Medium 27, except the yeast extract concentration is reduced and the pH is reduced to 5.7. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium26.pdf 26. ACID RHODOSPIRILLACEAE MEDIUM Use medium 27 and reduce the yeast extract concentration to 0.2 g/l. Adjust pH to 5.7. Incubate in the light using a tungsten lamp. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank Acid Rhodospirillaceae medium DSMZ Medium 28 Pfennig's medium 1 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium28.pdf 28. PFENNIG'S MEDIUM I Solution A: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g Yeast extrakt 0.25 g Distilled water 460.00 ml Fill 10x 46ml in 100 ml screw-cap bottles. Bubble with N2/CO2 and autoclave 121°C 15 min. (For marine or estuarine isolates add 100.0 g NaCl to this solution and increase the MgSO4 x 7 H2O to 15.0 g). Solution B: Na2S x 9 H2O 2.00 g Distilled water 135.00 ml Prepare in a screw-cap bottle, bubble with N2 to replace air, close tightly and autoclave. Solution C: NaHCO3 1.50 g H2O 50.00 ml Bubble with CO2 and filter sterilize into sterile, gas-tight, 100 ml screw-cap bottle. Solution D Resazurin (0,1%) 0.5 ml Distilled water 450.00 ml Autoclave in a cotton-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask with an outlet tube for medium, connected to a glass outlet at the bottom of the vessel and has, at the other end, a silicon rubber tube with a pinch cock and a bell for aseptic dispensing of the medium into bottles. Cool to room temperature under an atmosphere of N2/CO2 in an ice bath. Solution E: Ammonium chloride 0.35 g Ammonium acetate 0.25 g Pyruvic acid sodium salt 0.25 g Dextrose 0.25 g MgSO4x7H2O 0.50 g KCL 0.35 g KH2PO4 0.35 g Trace element solution SL-12 B 1.00 ml Distilled water 25 ml Filter sterilize into sterile, gas-tight, 100 ml screw-cap bottle. Solution F: Vitamin B12 0.01 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Filter sterilized Trace element solution SL-12 B: Distilled water 1000.00 ml Na2-EDTA 3.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 1.10 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 190.00 mg MnCl2 x 2 H2O 50.00 mg ZnCl2 42.00 mg NiCl2 x 6 H2O 24.00 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 18.00 mg H3BO3 300.00 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2.00 mg Adjust pH to 6.0. Mix solution D, C and E. Bubble with CO2 in an ice bath under sterile conditions. Fill 50 ml in each bottle of solution A. Before using add 4 ml solution B and 0.1 ml solution F. Adjust the pH with filter-sterilised 1M Na2CO3 to 7.1-7.3. Fill in sterile, N2 gassed screw-cap tubes under N2 gas. During the first 24 h, the iron of the medium precipitates in the form of black flocks. No other sediment should arise in the otherwise clear medium. Feed periodically with neutralized 3% solution of sodium sulfide to replenish sulfide and with other supplement solutions (see Ref. 3365). Neutralized sulfide solution: Distilled water 100.00 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 3.00 g The sulfide solution is prepared in a 250 ml screw-capped bottle with a butyl rubber septum and a magnetic stirrer. The solution is bubbled with nitrogen gas, closed and autoclaved for 15 min. at 121˚C. After cooling to room temperature the pH is adjusted to about 7.0 by adding of sterile 2 M H2SO4 drop-wise with a syringe without opening the bottle. Appearance of a yellow colour indicates the drop of pH to about 8. The solution should be stirred continuously to avoid precipitation of elemental sulfur. The final solution should be clear and is yellow in colour. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of calcium chloride, yeast extract, sodium sulfide, sodium bicarbonate, resazurin, ammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, pyruvic acid sodium salt (sodium pyruvate), dextrose (D-glucose), magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, trace elements, vitamin B12 (cobalamin), sodium carbonate, and sulfuric acid. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. DSM strains: Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 28a DSM strains: Thiorhodococcus medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium28a.pdf 28a. THIORHODOCOCCUS MEDIUM supplement medium 28 with NaCl (2%), MgCl2 x 6 H2O (0.1%) and sodium thiosulfate (0.05%). Incubate at 500 to 1000 lux light intensity. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 28, except sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and sodium thiosulfate are added. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 28b Similar to DSMZ Medium 28, except sodium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, and magnesium chloride are added. pH is increased to 7.5 Carrine Blank Thiorhodococcus medium II DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium28b.pdf 28b. THIORHODOCOCCUS MEDIUM II Supplement Medium 28 with NaCl 1.50 % Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 0.05 % MgCl x 6 H2O 0.25 % Adjust to pH 7.5, anaerobic incubation under nitrogen/carbon dioxide atmosphere; light (see medium 28). © 2008 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 29 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium29.pdf 29. PFENNIG'S MEDIUM II Solution A: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g Yeast extrakt 0.25 g Distilled water 460.00 ml Fill 10x 46ml in 100 ml screw-cap bottles. Bubble with N2/CO2 and autoclave 121°C 15 min. (For marine or estuarine isolates add 100.0 g NaCl to this solution and increase the MgSO4 x 7 H2O to 15.0 g). Solution B: Na2S x 9 H2O 2.00 g Distilled water 135.00 ml Prepare in a screw-cap bottle, bubble with N2 to replace air, close tightly and autoclave. Solution C: NaHCO3 1.50 g H2O 50.00 ml Bubble with CO2 and filter sterilize into sterile, gas-tight, 100 ml screw-cap bottle. Solution D Resazurin (0,1%) 0.5 ml Distilled water 450.00 ml Autoclave in a cotton-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask with an outlet tube for medium, connected to a glass outlet at the bottom of the vessel and has, at the other end, a silicon rubber tube with a pinch cock and a bell for aseptic dispensing of the medium into bottles. Cool to room temperature under an atmosphere of N2/CO2 in an ice bath. Solution E: Ammonium chloride 0.35 g Ammonium acetate 0.25 g Pyruvic acid sodium salt 0.25 g Dextrose 0.25 g MgSO4x7H2O 0.50 g KCL 0.35 g KH2PO4 0.35 g Trace element solution SL-10 B 1.00 ml Distilled water 25 ml Filter sterilize into sterile, gas-tight, 100 ml screw-cap bottle. Solution F: Vitamin B12 0.01 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Filter sterilized Trace element solution SL-10 B: Distilled water 1000.0 ml HCl (25%) 7.7 ml FeSO4 x 7 H2O 1.5 g ZnCl2 70.0 mg MnCl2 x 4 H2O 100.0 mg H3BO3 300.0 mg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 190.0 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2.0 mg NiCl2 x 6 H2O 24.0 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 36.0 mg Mix solution D, C and E. Bubble with CO2 in an ice bath under sterile conditions. Fill 50 ml in each bottle of solution A. Before using add 4 ml solution B and 0.1 ml solution F. Adjust the pH with filter-sterilised 1M Na2CO3 to 6.8 -7.1. Fill in sterile, N2 gassed screw-cap tubes under N2 gas. During the first 24 h, the iron of the medium precipitates in the form of black flocks. No other sediment should arise in the otherwise clear medium. Feed periodically with neutralized 3% solution of sodium sulfide to replenish sulfide and with other supplement solutions (see Ref. 3365). Neutralized sulfide solution: Distilled water 100.00 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 3.00 g The sulfide solution is prepared in a 250 ml screw-capped bottle with a butyl rubber septum and a magnetic stirrer. The solution is bubbled with nitrogen gas, closed and autoclaved for 15 min. at 121˚C. After cooling to room temperature the pH is adjusted to about 7.0 by adding of sterile 2 M H2SO4 drop-wise with a syringe without opening the bottle. Appearance of a yellow colour indicates the drop of pH to about 8. The solution should be stirred continuously to avoid precipitation of elemental sulfur. The final solution should be clear and is yellow in colour. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of calcium chloride, yeast extract, sodium sulfide, sodium bicarbonate, resazurin, ammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, pyruvic acid sodium salt (sodium pyruvate), dextrose (D-glucose), magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, trace elements, vitamin B12 (cobalamin), sodium carbonate, and sulfuric acid. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. DSM strains: Pfennig's medium II DSMZ Medium 29a http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium29a.pdf 29a. MEDIUM FOR CHLOROBIUM FERROOXIDANS From medium 29, omit sulfide, add 10 mM bicarbonate, 10 mM FeSO4 and 2mM acetate. Adjust pH to 6.8. At 25˚C in light the incubation time is about 4 weeks. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank Similar to DSMZ Medium 29, except sodium sulfide is omitted and sodium bicarbonate, ferrous sulfate, and sodium acetate are added, and the pH is decreased to 6.8. Medium for Chlorobium ferrooxidans DSM strains: Chlorobium ferrooxidans medium trace elements solution SL-12 B A trace elements solution containing disodium EDTA, ferrous sulfate, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, nickel chloride, sodium molybdate, boric acid, and copper chloride. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium28.pdf 28. PFENNIG'S MEDIUM I Solution A: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g Yeast extrakt 0.25 g Distilled water 460.00 ml Fill 10x 46ml in 100 ml screw-cap bottles. Bubble with N2/CO2 and autoclave 121°C 15 min. (For marine or estuarine isolates add 100.0 g NaCl to this solution and increase the MgSO4 x 7 H2O to 15.0 g). Solution B: Na2S x 9 H2O 2.00 g Distilled water 135.00 ml Prepare in a screw-cap bottle, bubble with N2 to replace air, close tightly and autoclave. Solution C: NaHCO3 1.50 g H2O 50.00 ml Bubble with CO2 and filter sterilize into sterile, gas-tight, 100 ml screw-cap bottle. Solution D Resazurin (0,1%) 0.5 ml Distilled water 450.00 ml Autoclave in a cotton-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask with an outlet tube for medium, connected to a glass outlet at the bottom of the vessel and has, at the other end, a silicon rubber tube with a pinch cock and a bell for aseptic dispensing of the medium into bottles. Cool to room temperature under an atmosphere of N2/CO2 in an ice bath. Solution E: Ammonium chloride 0.35 g Ammonium acetate 0.25 g Pyruvic acid sodium salt 0.25 g Dextrose 0.25 g MgSO4x7H2O 0.50 g KCL 0.35 g KH2PO4 0.35 g Trace element solution SL-12 B 1.00 ml Distilled water 25 ml Filter sterilize into sterile, gas-tight, 100 ml screw-cap bottle. Solution F: Vitamin B12 0.01 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Filter sterilized Trace element solution SL-12 B: Distilled water 1000.00 ml Na2-EDTA 3.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 1.10 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 190.00 mg MnCl2 x 2 H2O 50.00 mg ZnCl2 42.00 mg NiCl2 x 6 H2O 24.00 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 18.00 mg H3BO3 300.00 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2.00 mg Adjust pH to 6.0. Mix solution D, C and E. Bubble with CO2 in an ice bath under sterile conditions. Fill 50 ml in each bottle of solution A. Before using add 4 ml solution B and 0.1 ml solution F. Adjust the pH with filter-sterilised 1M Na2CO3 to 7.1-7.3. Fill in sterile, N2 gassed screw-cap tubes under N2 gas. During the first 24 h, the iron of the medium precipitates in the form of black flocks. No other sediment should arise in the otherwise clear medium. Feed periodically with neutralized 3% solution of sodium sulfide to replenish sulfide and with other supplement solutions (see Ref. 3365). Neutralized sulfide solution: Distilled water 100.00 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 3.00 g The sulfide solution is prepared in a 250 ml screw-capped bottle with a butyl rubber septum and a magnetic stirrer. The solution is bubbled with nitrogen gas, closed and autoclaved for 15 min. at 121˚C. After cooling to room temperature the pH is adjusted to about 7.0 by adding of sterile 2 M H2SO4 drop-wise with a syringe without opening the bottle. Appearance of a yellow colour indicates the drop of pH to about 8. The solution should be stirred continuously to avoid precipitation of elemental sulfur. The final solution should be clear and is yellow in colour. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved trace elements solution SL-10 B A trace elements solution containing hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride), ferrous sulfate, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, boric acid, cobalt chloride, copper chloride, nickel chloride, and sodium molybdate. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium29.pdf 29. PFENNIG'S MEDIUM II Solution A: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g Yeast extrakt 0.25 g Distilled water 460.00 ml Fill 10x 46ml in 100 ml screw-cap bottles. Bubble with N2/CO2 and autoclave 121°C 15 min. (For marine or estuarine isolates add 100.0 g NaCl to this solution and increase the MgSO4 x 7 H2O to 15.0 g). Solution B: Na2S x 9 H2O 2.00 g Distilled water 135.00 ml Prepare in a screw-cap bottle, bubble with N2 to replace air, close tightly and autoclave. Solution C: NaHCO3 1.50 g H2O 50.00 ml Bubble with CO2 and filter sterilize into sterile, gas-tight, 100 ml screw-cap bottle. Solution D Resazurin (0,1%) 0.5 ml Distilled water 450.00 ml Autoclave in a cotton-stoppered Erlenmeyer flask with an outlet tube for medium, connected to a glass outlet at the bottom of the vessel and has, at the other end, a silicon rubber tube with a pinch cock and a bell for aseptic dispensing of the medium into bottles. Cool to room temperature under an atmosphere of N2/CO2 in an ice bath. Solution E: Ammonium chloride 0.35 g Ammonium acetate 0.25 g Pyruvic acid sodium salt 0.25 g Dextrose 0.25 g MgSO4x7H2O 0.50 g KCL 0.35 g KH2PO4 0.35 g Trace element solution SL-10 B 1.00 ml Distilled water 25 ml Filter sterilize into sterile, gas-tight, 100 ml screw-cap bottle. Solution F: Vitamin B12 0.01 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Filter sterilized Trace element solution SL-10 B: Distilled water 1000.0 ml HCl (25%) 7.7 ml FeSO4 x 7 H2O 1.5 g ZnCl2 70.0 mg MnCl2 x 4 H2O 100.0 mg H3BO3 300.0 mg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 190.0 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 2.0 mg NiCl2 x 6 H2O 24.0 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 36.0 mg Mix solution D, C and E. Bubble with CO2 in an ice bath under sterile conditions. Fill 50 ml in each bottle of solution A. Before using add 4 ml solution B and 0.1 ml solution F. Adjust the pH with filter-sterilised 1M Na2CO3 to 6.8 -7.1. Fill in sterile, N2 gassed screw-cap tubes under N2 gas. During the first 24 h, the iron of the medium precipitates in the form of black flocks. No other sediment should arise in the otherwise clear medium. Feed periodically with neutralized 3% solution of sodium sulfide to replenish sulfide and with other supplement solutions (see Ref. 3365). Neutralized sulfide solution: Distilled water 100.00 ml Na2S x 9 H2O 3.00 g The sulfide solution is prepared in a 250 ml screw-capped bottle with a butyl rubber septum and a magnetic stirrer. The solution is bubbled with nitrogen gas, closed and autoclaved for 15 min. at 121˚C. After cooling to room temperature the pH is adjusted to about 7.0 by adding of sterile 2 M H2SO4 drop-wise with a syringe without opening the bottle. Appearance of a yellow colour indicates the drop of pH to about 8. The solution should be stirred continuously to avoid precipitation of elemental sulfur. The final solution should be clear and is yellow in colour. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 39 Similar to DSMZ Medium 28, except that additional yeast extract (twice the amount) is added. DSM strains: Pfennig's medium I with yeast extract http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium39.pdf 39. PFENNIG'S MEDIUM I WITH YEAST EXTRACT To medium 28 add 0.05% yeast extract. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 38 An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of tryptone, yeast extract, potassium phosphate, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium38.pdf 38. CLOSTRIDIUM STICKLANDII MEDIUM Tryptone 20.00 g Yeast extract 10.00 g K2HPO4 1.04 g KH2PO4 0.68 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.15 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except sulfide), adjust pH to 7.0, bring medium to the boil, then cool to room temperature under 100% N2 gas. Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. After sterilization add sulfide from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Clostridium sticklandii medium DSM strains: Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 37 Spirillum medium DSM strains: Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium37.pdf 37. SPIRILLUM MEDIUM Peptone (BD) 10.000 g Succinic acid 1.000 g (NH4)2SO4 1.000 g MgSO4 x 7 H20 1.000 g FeCL3 x 6 H20 0.002 g MnSO4 x H20 0.002 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 6.8 © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A liquid, organic rich culture medium comprised of peptone, succinic acid, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferric trichloride, and manganese sulfate. DSMZ Medium 36 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium36.pdf 36. THIOBACILLUS THIOPARUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 0.10 g K2HPO4 4.00 g KH2PO4 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 0.10 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.02 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 10.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve all the ingredients in distilled water and adjust the pH to 6.6. Sterilize by autoclaving at 115˚C for 20 min. For solid medium add 12.00 g/l purified agar after adjustment of pH. For DSM 18181: Adjust pH of medium to 7.5 and add 1.00 g/l yeast extract. For solid medium add 20.00 g/l purified agar. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferric chloride, manganese sulfate, and sodium thiosulfate. DSM strains: Thiobacillus thioparus medium DSMZ Medium 36.1 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium36.pdf 36. THIOBACILLUS THIOPARUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 0.10 g K2HPO4 4.00 g KH2PO4 4.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 0.10 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.02 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 10.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve all the ingredients in distilled water and adjust the pH to 6.6. Sterilize by autoclaving at 115˚C for 20 min. For solid medium add 12.00 g/l purified agar after adjustment of pH. For DSM 18181: Adjust pH of medium to 7.5 and add 1.00 g/l yeast extract. For solid medium add 20.00 g/l purified agar. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 36, except yeast extract is added and the pH is increased to 7.5. DSMZ Medium 36.1 -< for DSM 18181 DSM 18181 is Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 35a A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium containing ammonium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, and yeast extract. Thiomonas intermedia medium DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium35a.pdf 35a. THIOMONAS INTERMEDIA MEDIUM NH4Cl 0.1 g KH2PO4 3.0 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.1 g CaCl2 0.1 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 5.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0 and autoclave. Add sodium thiosulfate after autoclaving from a sterile stock solution sterilized by filtration. Best growth is observed in the syneresis water of slant agar tubes (20.0 g/l agar). For DSM 22701 change amount of yeast extract to 0.5 g/l and of Na-thiosulfate to 2.5 g/l. © 2011 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 35a.1 Similar to DSMZ Medium 35a, except that the amounts of yeast extract and thiosulfate are reduced. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium35a.pdf 35a. THIOMONAS INTERMEDIA MEDIUM NH4Cl 0.1 g KH2PO4 3.0 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.1 g CaCl2 0.1 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 5.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0 and autoclave. Add sodium thiosulfate after autoclaving from a sterile stock solution sterilized by filtration. Best growth is observed in the syneresis water of slant agar tubes (20.0 g/l agar). For DSM 22701 change amount of yeast extract to 0.5 g/l and of Na-thiosulfate to 2.5 g/l. © 2011 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM 22701 is Thiomonas arsenitoxydans DSMZ Medium 35a.1 -< for DSM 22701 DSMZ Medium 35 Carrine Blank DSM strains: Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans medium A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium containing ammonium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, and powdered sulfur (elemental sulfur). http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium35.pdf 35. ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS MEDIUM NH4Cl 0.10 g KH2PO4 3.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g Sulfur, powdered 10.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve all ingredients, except the sulfur, in distilled water and adjust the pH to 4.2, then autoclave. Place the sulfur in screw-capped tubes or bottles and sterilize by autoclaving at 112˚C for 15 min. Before use, aseptically layer the sulfur onto the surface of autoclaved liquid basal medium. For DSM 612 supplement medium with 0.10 g/l yeast extract (sterilized separately). © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 35.1 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium35.pdf 35. ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS MEDIUM NH4Cl 0.10 g KH2PO4 3.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.14 g Sulfur, powdered 10.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve all ingredients, except the sulfur, in distilled water and adjust the pH to 4.2, then autoclave. Place the sulfur in screw-capped tubes or bottles and sterilize by autoclaving at 112˚C for 15 min. Before use, aseptically layer the sulfur onto the surface of autoclaved liquid basal medium. For DSM 612 supplement medium with 0.10 g/l yeast extract (sterilized separately). © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 35.1 -< for DSM 612 Similar to DSMZ Medium 35, except yeast extract is added. DSM 612 is Thiobacillus sp. DSM 612 DSMZ Medium 34 DSM strains: Caryophanon latum medium An organic-rich, liquid culture medium containing yeast extract, trypticase peptone, soy peptone, sodium acetate, sodium glutamate, thiamine hydrochloride, biotin, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and tris buffer. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium34.pdf 34. CARYOPHANON LATUM MEDIUM Yeast extract 2.00 g Trypticase (BBL) 2.00 g Soya peptone 2.00 g Na-acetate 1.00 g Na-glutamate 0.10 g Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 0.20 mg Biotin 0.05 mg K2HPO4 1.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.27 g Tris/HCl-buffer 10mM, pH 7.8 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.8. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 31 An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium containing peptone, meat extract, agar, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium carbonate. Carrine Blank alkaline nutrient agar http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium31.pdf 31. ALKALINE NUTRIENT AGAR Same as medium 1. After sterilization add sterile 1 M Na-sesquicarbonate solution (1 ml in 10 ml) to achieve a pH of 9.7. Na-sesquicarbonate solution: NaHCO3 4.2 g Na2CO3 anhydrous 5.3 g Distilled water 100.0 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 48 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium48.pdf 48. TRYPTONE THIOGLYCOLATE MEDIUM K2HPO4 5.450 g KH2PO4 1.200 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.025 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.015 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.010 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 2.000 mg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 2.500 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 2.500 mg Glucose 20.000 g Peptone 2.000 g Tryptone 2.000 g Yeast extract 6.000 g Na-thioglycolate 0.500 g Distilled water 1000.000 ml Adjust pH to 7.5. Dissolve the glucose in 50 ml distilled water and sterilize it separately. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganese chloride, cobalt chloride, sodium molybdate, glucose, peptone, tryptone, yeast extract, and sodium thioglycolate. tryptone thioglycolate medium Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 49 C/10 medium Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium49.pdf 49. C/10 MEDIUM Casitone 3.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.36 g Agar 15.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.2 before adding agar. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: An organic rich, solid culture medium comprised of casitone, calcium chloride, and agar. DSMZ Medium 40 Pfennig's medium II with salt http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium40.pdf 40. PFENNIG'S MEDIUM II WITH SALT To medium 29 add 1% NaCl. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: Carrine Blank Similar to DSMZ Medium 29, except that sodium chloride is added. DSMZ Medium 52 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium52.pdf 52. CLOSTRIDIUM KLUYVERI MEDIUM (MODIFIED) K-acetate 10.00 g K2HPO4 0.31 g KH2PO4 0.23 g NH4Cl 0.25 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Yeast extract 1.00 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Ethanol 20.00 ml NaHCO3 2.50 g Seven vitamin solution (see medium 503) 1.00 ml L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.25 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.25 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve all ingredients (except ethanol, bicarbonate, reducing agents and vitamins) in distilled water and boil for 1 min. After cooling to room temperature under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere, add ethanol, dispense in Hungate tubes and autoclave. After autoclaving, add bicarbonate from a sterile stock solution prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere and vitamins from an anoxic and filter-sterilized stock solution. Before inoculation, add cysteine and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under N2. Adjust pH of medium to 6.8 – 7.0, if necessary. If reduction of medium is not complete after inoculation, add 10 – 20 mg/l sodium dithionite from a 5% w/v solution freshly prepared under N2 and filter sterilized. © 2009 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium containing potassium acetate, potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, trace elements, selenite-tungstate solution, yeast extract, resazurin, ehtanol, sodium bicarbonate, vitamins, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. DSM strains: Clostridium kluyveri medium (modified) DSMZ Medium 51 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium51.pdf 51. SPHAEROTILUS MEDIUM Beef extract (Lab Lemco, Oxoid) 5.0 g Agar (if necessary) 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.0. Prepare sterile agar slants by autoclaving. Cool the slants in a sloping position. Cover solid slants with 2 ml sterile tap water. Inoculate into the covering tap water and incubate at 20 to 25˚C for at least 48 h. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank Sphaerotilus medium DSM strains: An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of beef extract and agar. DSMZ Medium 53 An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of casein peptone tryptic digest (casitone), yeast extract, glucose, sodium chloride, and agar. DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium53.pdf 53. CORYNEBACTERIUM AGAR Casein peptone, tryptic digest 10.0 g Yeast extract 5.0 g Glucose 5.0 g NaCl 5.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.2 - 7.4. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Corynebacterium agar Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 54 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium54.pdf 54. GLUCOSE YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM Glucose 20.0 g Yeast extract 10.0 g CaCO3 (light precipitate) 20.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Dissolve ingredients (except carbonate, which remains solid) and sparge medium for 30 min. with 100% N2 gas. Dispense under stirring to keep carbonate suspended in anoxic vessels and autoclave. For solid medium add 17.0 g/l agar. © 2010 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: 30201 Agrobacterium 50012 Burkholderia glathei 50014 Burkholderia glathei 50401 Burkholderia 53 Clostridium beijerinckii 6422 Clostridium beijerinckii 6423 Clostridium beijerinckii 6566 Clostridium butyricum 525 Clostridium pasteurianum DSM 525 = ATCC 6013 526 Clostridium pasteurianum 9989 Clostridium pasteurianum 523 Clostridium 3873 Pantoea cypripedii 30182 Pantoea cypripedii 30183 Pantoea cypripedii 30184 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 30185 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 30186 Pectobacterium atrosepticum 50069 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5024 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 50259 Pseudomonas asplenii 50260 Pseudomonas cichorii 7231 Pseudomonas cichorii 50275 Pseudomonas fuscovaginae 50276 Pseudomonas marginalis 50282 Pseudomonas marginalis 50286 Pseudomonas savastanoi 80287 Pseudomonas savastanoi 50298 Pseudomonas savastanoi 50317 Pseudomonas 50291 Pseudomonas 1241 Pseudomonas syringae 1242 Pseudomonas syringae 1856 Pseudomonas syringae 10604 Pseudomonas syringae DSM 10604 50255 Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens str. DSM 50255 50256 Pseudomonas syringae 50261 Pseudomonas syringae 50277 Pseudomonas syringae 50281 Pseudomonas syringae 50292 Pseudomonas syringae 50293 Pseudomonas syringae 50302 Pseudomonas syringae 50303 Pseudomonas syringae 50312 Pseudomonas syringae 50315 Pseudomonas syringae 50335 Pseudomonas syringae 50336 Pseudomonas syringae 30200 Agrobacterium rhizogenes 1805 Sphingomonas echinoides ATCC 14820 14405 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 50853 Xanthomonas arboricola 50854 Xanthomonas arboricola 50850 Xanthomonas axonopodis 1050 Xanthomonas campestris 1526 Xanthomonas campestris 2405 Xanthomonas campestris 2406 Xanthomonas campestris 2407 Xanthomonas campestris 3586 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. ATCC 33913 50852 Xanthomonas campestris 1220 Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum 50857 Xanthomonas hortorum 50858 Xanthomonas hortorum 50859 Xanthomonas hortorum 50855 Xanthomonas hyacinthi 1350 Xanthomonas sp. DSM 1350 3851 Xanthomonas An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of glucose, yeast extract, and calcium carbonate. The pKa of calcium carbonate is 9.0, therefore the pH of the solution will be about pH 9.0. Carrine Blank glucose yeast extract medium salt solution for DSMZ Medium 58 Carrine Blank An inorganic salts solution comprised of calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium58.pdf 58. BIFIDOBACTERIUM MEDIUM Casein peptone, tryptic digest 10.00 g Yeast extract 5.00 g Meat extract 5.00 g Bacto Soytone 5.00 g Glucose 10.00 g K2HPO4 2.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g MnSO4 x H20 0.05 g Tween 80 1.00 ml NaCl 5.00 g Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Salt solution (see below) 40.00 ml Resazurin (25 mg/100ml) 4.00 ml Distilled water 950.00 ml The cysteine are added after the medium has been boiled and cooled under CO2. Adjust pH to 6.8 using 8 N NaOH. Distribute under N2 and autoclave. Salt solution: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50 g K2HPO4 1.00 g KH2PO4 1.00 g NaHCO3 10.00 g NaCl 2.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml © 2008 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 55 Carrine Blank DSM strains: 416 Cupriavidus necator 418 Cupriavidus necator 422 Cupriavidus necator fructose mineral medium A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, trace elements, calcium chloride, ferric ammonium citrate, and fructose. The pH of this medium should be about 7.2, given the ratio of sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium55.pdf 55. FRUCTOSE MINERAL MEDIUM Solution A: Na2HPO4 x 12 H2O 9.000 g KH2PO4 1.500 g NH4Cl 1.000 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.200 g Trace element solution 0.300 ml SL-6 (see medium 27) Distilled water 500.000 ml Solution B: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.010 g Ferric ammonium citrate 0.005 g Distilled water 300.000 ml Solution C: Fructose 5.000 g Distilled water 200.000 ml Autoclave solutions 1 and 2 separately, filter sterilize solution C. Add 1.5% agar if necessary. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 56 trypticase starch agar http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium56.pdf 56. TRYPTICASE STARCH AGAR Trypticase soy broth 30.0 g Yeast extract 2.0 g Soluble starch 1.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 g © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of trypticase soy broth (here, tryptic soy agar), yeast extract, and soluble starch. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 58 DSM strains: 22365 Aeriscardovia aeriphila 17774 Alloscardovia criceti DSM 17774 17775 Alloscardovia criceti 17776 Alloscardovia criceti 21503 Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503 17244 Anaerofustis stercorihominis DSM 17244 17241 Anaerotruncus colihominis DSM 17241 22766 Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme DSM 22766 20083 Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703 20086 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 20087 Bifidobacterium adolescentis DSM 20087 24849 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 26737 Bifidobacterium aesculapii 26738 Bifidobacterium aesculapii 20098 Bifidobacterium angulatum DSM 20098 = JCM 7096 20225 Bifidobacterium angulatum 20105 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis ATCC 27536 20104 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis ATCC 25527 10140 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DSM 10140 20089 Bifidobacterium asteroides DSM 20089 20431 Bifidobacterium asteroides 23969 Bifidobacterium biavatii DSM 23969 20215 Bifidobacterium bifidum 20082 Bifidobacterium bifidum 20239 Bifidobacterium bifidum 20456 Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521 = JCM 1255 = DSM 20456 22767 Bifidobacterium bohemicum DSM 22767 19703 Bifidobacterium bombi DSM 19703 20432 Bifidobacterium boum DSM 20432 20213 Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213 = JCM 1192 20091 Bifidobacterium breve 23973 Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973 16992 Bifidobacterium catenulatum DSM 16992 = JCM 1194 = LMG 11043 Bifidobacterium catenulatum 20224 Bifidobacterium choerinum 20434 Bifidobacterium choerinum DSM 20434 20216 Bifidobacterium coryneforme DSM 20216 20435 Bifidobacterium cuniculi DSM 20435 20084 Bifidobacterium dentium 20221 Bifidobacterium dentium 20436 Bifidobacterium dentium JCM 1195 = DSM 20436 20093 Bifidobacterium gallicum DSM 20093 = LMG 11596 20214 Bifidobacterium indicum LMG 11587 = DSM 20214 21854 Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense JCM 15439 = DSM 21854 28807 Bifidobacterium sp. LMC 13 20088 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 = JCM 1222 = DSM 20088 20090 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis 20090 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis 20218 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis 20097 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 20219 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 20211 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis DSM 20211 20220 Bifidobacterium magnum 20222 Bifidobacterium magnum DSM 20222 6492 Bifidobacterium merycicum DSM 6492 6493 Bifidobacterium merycicum 6494 Bifidobacterium merycicum 20102 Bifidobacterium minimum DSM 20102 21395 Bifidobacterium mongoliense DSM 21395 27321 Bifidobacterium moukalabense DSM 27321 20438 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum DSM 20438 = JCM 1200 = LMG 10505 20439 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum 20092 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092 20094 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum 20095 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum 20099 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099 22366 Bifidobacterium psychraerophilum DSM 22366 20433 Bifidobacterium pullorum DSM 20433 23975 Bifidobacterium reuteri DSM 23975 6489 Bifidobacterium ruminantium DSM 6489 6490 Bifidobacterium ruminantium 6491 Bifidobacterium ruminantium 6531 Bifidobacterium saeculare DSM 6531 = LMG 14934 6532 Bifidobacterium saeculare 6533 Bifidobacterium saeculare 23967 Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967 13734 Bifidobacterium scardovii JCM 12489 = DSM 13734 23968 Bifidobacterium stellenboschense 20096 Bifidobacterium subtile DSM 20096 17755 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum subsp. porcinum DSM 17755 15837 Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum subsp. thermacidophilum DSM 15837 Bifidobacterium thermophilum 20209 Bifidobacterium thermophilum 20210 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20210 20212 Bifidobacterium thermophilum DSM 20212 17777 Bifidobacterium tsurumiense DSM 17777 17778 Bifidobacterium tsurumiense 17779 Bifidobacterium tsurumiense 20653 Lactobacillus aviarius subsp. araffinosus DSM 20653 20656 Lactobacillus aviarius subsp. araffinosus 20654 Lactobacillus aviarius subsp. aviarius 20655 Lactobacillus aviarius subsp. aviarius DSM 20655 20584 Lactobacillus crispatus DSM 20584 = JCM 1185 20461 Megasphaera cerevisiae 20462 Megasphaera cerevisiae DSM 20462 16981 Megasphaera paucivorans 17042 Megasphaera sueciensis 21655 Mobiluncus curtisii subsp. holmesii ATCC 35242 10105 Parascardovia denticolens DSM 10105 = JCM 12538 10106 Parascardovia denticolens 24661 Pectinatus brassicae 20466 Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus 20467 Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus 20762 Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus 20465 Pectinatus frisingensis 16980 Pectinatus haikarae 20764 Pectinatus sp. DSM 20764 24742 Pseudoscardovia radai 24744 Pseudoscardovia suis 16840 Roseburia faecis M72/1 16839 Roseburia hominis A2-183 10107 Scardovia inopinata 10108 Scardovia inopinata 20757 Selenomonas lacticifex 18934 Sharpea azabuensis DSM 18934 17536 Streptococcus castoreus DSM 17536 7200 Zymophilus paucivorans 7201 Zymophilus paucivorans 20756 Zymophilus paucivorans 7198 Propionispira raffinosivorans 7199 Propionispira raffinosivorans 20765 Propionispira raffinosivorans DSM 20765 Bifidobacterium medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium58.pdf 58. BIFIDOBACTERIUM MEDIUM Casein peptone, tryptic digest 10.00 g Yeast extract 5.00 g Meat extract 5.00 g Bacto Soytone 5.00 g Glucose 10.00 g K2HPO4 2.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g MnSO4 x H20 0.05 g Tween 80 1.00 ml NaCl 5.00 g Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Salt solution (see below) 40.00 ml Resazurin (25 mg/100ml) 4.00 ml Distilled water 950.00 ml The cysteine are added after the medium has been boiled and cooled under CO2. Adjust pH to 6.8 using 8 N NaOH. Distribute under N2 and autoclave. Salt solution: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50 g K2HPO4 1.00 g KH2PO4 1.00 g NaHCO3 10.00 g NaCl 2.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml © 2008 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of casein peptone, tryptic digest (casitone), yeast extract, meat extract, Bacto soytone (soy peptone), glucose, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, tween 80 (polysorbate 80), sodium chloride, cysteine hydrochloride, salt solution and resazurin. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. DSMZ Medium 57 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid culture medium containing tryptone, meat extract, yeast extract, tween 80 (polysorbate 80), sodium acetate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and casamino acids. AAM medium DSM strains: 20253 Lactobacillus rennini DSM 20253 20254 Lactobacillus rennini http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium57.pdf 57. AAM MEDIUM Tryptone 5.0 g Meat extract 5.0 g Yeast extract 7.0 g Tween 80 1.0 ml Na-acetate 2.5 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 200.0 mg MnSO4 x H2O 50.0 mg Casamino acids 7.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 5.4. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 59 DSM strains: 20252 Oenococcus oeni DSM 20252 = AWRIB129 20255 Oenococcus oeni 20257 Oenococcus oeni Leuconostoc oenos medium Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of casein peptone tryptic digest (casitone), yeast extract, glucose, fructose, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, ammonium citrate, tween 80 (polysorbate 80), filtered tomato juice, and cysteine hydrochloride. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium59.pdf 59. LEUCONOSTOC OENOS MEDIUM Casein peptone, tryptic digest 10.00 g Yeast extract 5.00 g Glucose 10.00 g Fructose 5.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g MnSO4 x H2O 0.05 g (NH4) citrate 3.50 g Tween 80 1.00 ml Tomato juice, filtered 100.00 ml Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Distilled water 900.00 ml Adjust pH to 4.8. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 60 An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenite, tryptone, yeast extract, resazurin, potassium phosphate, glucose, sodium bicarbonate, L-cysteine hydrochloride, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and dinitrogen. Clostridium thermoaceticum medium Carrine Blank DSM strains: 521 Moorella thermoacetica 11768 Moorella thermoacetica http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium60.pdf 60. CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOACETICUM MEDIUM Solution A: MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g (NH4)2SO4 0.50 g Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 0.04 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 2.40 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 0.15 mg Tryptone 5.00 g Yeast extract 5.00 g Resazurin 0.50 mg Distilled water 800.00 ml Solution B: K2HPO4 7.00 g KH2PO4 4.50 g Distilled water 50.00 ml Solution C: Glucose 18.00 g Distilled water 50.00 ml Solution D: NaHCO3 10.00 g Distilled water 100.00 ml Solution E: L-Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.30 g Distilled water 10.00 ml Solution F: Na2S x 9 H2O 0.30 g Distilled water 10.00 ml Prepare solution A under 100% CO2 gas atmosphere. Distribute and autoclave under same gas atmosphere. Autoclave separately solutions B, C, E and F under 100% N2, and solution D under 100% CO2 gas atmosphere. After sterilization combine all solutions aseptically. Adjust pH of the complete medium to 6.9 if necessary. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 61 An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of tryptone, sucrose, yeast extract, ferrous sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, and resazurin. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium61.pdf 61. CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOHYDROSULFURICUM MEDIUM Tryptone 10.00 g Sucrose 10.00 g Yeast extract 2.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g Na2SO3 0.20 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 0.08 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except thiosulfate), adjust pH to 6.8 - 7.5 and sparge medium with 100% N2 gas to make it anoxic (30 – 45 min). Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. After sterilization add thiosulfate from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. For DSM 8686 and DSM 8690 replace sucrose with D-xylose as substrate and adjust pH of medium to 5.2. For DSM 15493 replace sucrose with 3.0 g/l D-maltose. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSM strains: 2246 Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus JW 200 12299 Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus SR4 15493 Thermoanaerobacter sp. 518-21 567 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus 568 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus 569 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus 570 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus 2247 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus 7021 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus 7022 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus 26960 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus WC1 14765 Thermoanaerobacterium bryantii 8686 Thermoanaerobacterium 8690 Thermoanaerobacterium 571 Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM 571 572 Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum 573 Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum 869 Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSMZ Medium 61.1 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 61.1 -< for DSM 8686 and DSM 8690 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium61.pdf 61. CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOHYDROSULFURICUM MEDIUM Tryptone 10.00 g Sucrose 10.00 g Yeast extract 2.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g Na2SO3 0.20 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 0.08 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except thiosulfate), adjust pH to 6.8 - 7.5 and sparge medium with 100% N2 gas to make it anoxic (30 – 45 min). Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. After sterilization add thiosulfate from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. For DSM 8686 and DSM 8690 replace sucrose with D-xylose as substrate and adjust pH of medium to 5.2. For DSM 15493 replace sucrose with 3.0 g/l D-maltose. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 61, except that sucrose is omitted, D-xylose is added, and the pH is reduced to 5.2. DSM 8686 is Thermoanaerobacterium sp. DSM 8690 is Thermoanaerobacterium sp. Neither strains are in TaxBrowser DSMZ Medium 61.2 DSMZ 15493 is Thermoanaerobacter sp. 518-21 DSMZ Medium 61.2 -< for DSM 15493 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium61.pdf 61. CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOHYDROSULFURICUM MEDIUM Tryptone 10.00 g Sucrose 10.00 g Yeast extract 2.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.20 g Na2SO3 0.20 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 0.08 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except thiosulfate), adjust pH to 6.8 - 7.5 and sparge medium with 100% N2 gas to make it anoxic (30 – 45 min). Dispense under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and autoclave. After sterilization add thiosulfate from a sterile anoxic stock solution prepared under N2. For DSM 8686 and DSM 8690 replace sucrose with D-xylose as substrate and adjust pH of medium to 5.2. For DSM 15493 replace sucrose with 3.0 g/l D-maltose. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 61, except that sucrose is omitted and D-maltose (beta-maltose) is added. DSMZ Medium 63.1 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium63.pdf 63. DESULFOVIBRIO MEDIUM (FRESHWATER) Solution A: K2HPO4 0.5 g NH4Cl 1.0 g Na2SO4 1.0 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.1 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 2.0 g Na-DL-lactate 2.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Resazurin 1.0 mg Distilled water 980.0 ml Solution B: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.5 g Distilled water 10.0 ml Solution C: Na-thioglycolate 0.1 g Ascorbic acid 0.1 g Distilled water 10.0 ml Bring solution A to the boil, then cool to room temperature while gassing with oxygen-free N2 gas. Add solutions B and C, adjust pH to 7.8 with NaOH, and distribute under N2 gas in anoxic Hungate-type tubes. During distribution continuously swirl the medium to keep the grey precipitate suspended. Autoclave 15 min at 121˚C. For DSM 12838 supplement medium with 3.0 g/l meat extract. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM 12838 is Desulfomicrobium orale DSM 12838 DSMZ Medium 63.1 -< for DSM 12838 Similar to DSMZ Medium 63, except that meat extract is added. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 63 Desulfovibrio medium (freshwater) DSM strains: 24233 Desulfobaculum xiamenense 5918 Desulfomicrobium apsheronum 1742 Desulfomicrobium baculatum 1743 Desulfomicrobium baculatum 2555 Desulfomicrobium baculatum 4028 Desulfomicrobium baculatum DSM 4028 10707 Desulfomicrobium escambiense DSM 10707 4194 Desulfomicrobium macestii 12838 Desulfomicrobium orale DSM 12838 12927 Desulfomicrobium 15374 Desulfomicrobium 12929 Desulforhopalus 13351 Desulfosporosinus auripigmenti 765 Desulfosporosinus orientis DSM 765 7439 Desulfosporosinus orientis 11792 Desulfotomaculum australicum DSM 11792 4024 [Desulfotomaculum] guttoideum DSM 4024 6115 Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii DSM 6115 12396 Desulfotomaculum luciae 574 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans DSM 574 575 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 7434 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 7435 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 7436 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 7437 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 7438 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 7453 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 12395 Desulfotomaculum putei DSM 12395 2154 Desulfotomaculum ruminis DSM 2154 7452 Desulfotomaculum ruminis 6711 Desulfotomaculum 7440 Desulfotomaculum 7441 Desulfotomaculum 7442 Desulfotomaculum 7443 Desulfotomaculum 14812 Desulfotomaculum 15631 Desulfotomaculum 5813 Desulfotomaculum thermoacetoxidans 6193 Desulfotomaculum thermobenzoicum subsp. thermobenzoicum 2603 Desulfovibrio africanus subsp. africanus DSM 2603 23860 Desulfovibrio africanus subsp. uniflagellum 6133 Desulfovibrio alcoholivorans 12254 Desulfovibrio aminophilus DSM 12254 21064 Desulfovibrio arcticus 6830 Desulfovibrio burkinensis 11391 Desulfovibrio cuneatus DSM 11391 11392 Desulfovibrio cuneatus 642 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans DSM 642 1924 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans 4369 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans 6946 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans 9104 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans 12129 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans 3604 Desulfovibrio fructosivorans JJ 15450 Desulfovibrio idahonensis DSM 15450 15451 Desulfovibrio idahonensis 15121 Desulfovibrio indonesiensis 11275 Desulfovibrio intestinalis DSM 11275 11393 Desulfovibrio litoralis DSM 11393 6739 Desulfovibrio longus DSM 6739 1925 Desulfovibrio oxamicus 16681 Desulfovibrio paquesii DSM 16681 4141 Desulfovibrio simplex 496 Desulfovibrio 6605 Desulfovibrio 8712 Desulfovibrio 9266 Desulfovibrio 12803 Desulfovibrio 15744 Desulfovibrio 5308 Desulfovibrio termitidis HI1 11274 Desulfovibrio termitidis 15375 Desulfovibrio vulgaris 644 Desulfovibrio vulgaris str. Hildenborough 2119 Desulfovibrio vulgaris 6617 Desulfovibrio vulgaris 6618 Desulfovibrio vulgaris 6619 Desulfovibrio vulgaris 6621 Desulfovibrio vulgaris 6622 Desulfovibrio vulgaris 6623 Desulfovibrio vulgaris http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium63.pdf 63. DESULFOVIBRIO MEDIUM (FRESHWATER) Solution A: K2HPO4 0.5 g NH4Cl 1.0 g Na2SO4 1.0 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.1 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 2.0 g Na-DL-lactate 2.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Resazurin 1.0 mg Distilled water 980.0 ml Solution B: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.5 g Distilled water 10.0 ml Solution C: Na-thioglycolate 0.1 g Ascorbic acid 0.1 g Distilled water 10.0 ml Bring solution A to the boil, then cool to room temperature while gassing with oxygen-free N2 gas. Add solutions B and C, adjust pH to 7.8 with NaOH, and distribute under N2 gas in anoxic Hungate-type tubes. During distribution continuously swirl the medium to keep the grey precipitate suspended. Autoclave 15 min at 121˚C. For DSM 12838 supplement medium with 3.0 g/l meat extract. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Desulfovibrio medium Carrine Blank A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium lactate, yeast extract, resazurin, ferrous sulfate, sodium thioglycolate, and ascorbic acid. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. DSMZ Medium 63a A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium pyruvate, yeast extract, resazurin, ferrous sulfate, sodium thioglycolate, and ascorbic acid. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium63a.pdf 63a. DESULFOTOMACULUM SP. MEDIUM I Solution A: K2HPO4 0.5 g NH4Cl 1.0 g Na2SO4 1.0 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.1 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 2.0 g Na-acetate 2.0 g Na-pyruvate 5.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Resazurin 1.0 mg Distilled water 980.0 ml Solution B: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.5 g Distilled water 10.0 ml Solution C: Na-thioglycolate 0.1 g Ascorbic acid 0.1 g Distilled water 10.0 ml Bring solution A to the boil, then cool to room temperature while gassing with oxygen-free N2 gas. Add solutions B and C, adjust pH to 6.8 with NaOH, and distribute under N2 gas in anoxic Hungate-type tubes. During distribution continuously swirl the medium to keep the grey precipitate suspended. Autoclave 15 min at 121˚C. Check medium pH after autoclaving and adjust to 6.5 - 7.0, if necessary. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Desulfotomaculum sp. medium I DSM strains: 6711 Desulfotomaculum Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 63b Similar to DSMZ Medium 63, except that the medium is made up in filtered aged seawater. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium63b.pdf 63b. DESULFOVIBRIO MEDIUM (SEAWATER) Solution A: K2HPO4 0.5 g NH4Cl 1.0 g Na2SO4 1.0 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.1 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 2.0 g Na-DL-lactate 2.0 g Yeast extract 1.0 g Resazurin 1.0 mg Filtered aged sea water 980.0 ml Alternatively to filtered aged sea water bottled water from Biomaris GmbH supplemented with 15.0 g/l NaCl can be used. Solution B: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.5 g Distilled water 10.0 ml Solution C: Na-thioglycolate 0.1 g Ascorbic acid 0.1 g Distilled water 10.0 ml Bring solution A to the boil, then cool to room temperature while gassing with oxygen-free N2 gas. Add solutions B and C, adjust pH to 7.8 with NaOH, and distribute under N2 gas in anoxic Hungate-type tubes. During distribution continuously swirl the medium to keep the grey precipitate suspended. Autoclave 15 min at 121˚C. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Desulfovibrio medium Desulfovibrio medium (seawater) DSM strains: none in BacDive Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 545 TSB Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of glucose, yeast extract, calcium carbonate, and agar. Tryptone soya broth DSM strains: 50262 50272 50307 50311 1049 50851 3849 3850 50861 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium54a.pdf 54a. REACTIVATION WITH LIQUID MEDIUM 545 Rehydrate and grow lyophilized cells from the ampoule in liquid medium 54 or 545. Subsequent subculturing may be carried out in liquid medium or on agar plates medium 54. 54. GLUCOSE YEAST EXTRACT AGAR Glucose 20.0 g Yeast extract 10.0 g CaCO3 (light precipitate) 20.0 g Agar, if required 17.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml 545. TRYPTONE SOYA BROTH (TSB) Peptone from casein 17.0 g Peptone from soymeal 3.0 g D(+)-Glucose 2.5 g NaCl 5.0 g K2HPO4 2.5 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. The same as Caso Bouillon (Merck or Oxoid, Germany). © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved filtered seawater Carrine Blank Undefined inorganic chemical mixture, derived from the filtering of natural seawater. whole blood A blood medium ingredient comprised of whole blood, which has not been treated or altered. Carrine Blank dried whole egg Microbiological medium ingredient, derived from chicken egg, where whole chicken eggs have been dried. Carrine Blank Instant Ocean An artificial seawater made using water and Instant Ocean® sea salt. Instant Ocean® Carrine Blank microbiological medium ingredient, derived from chicken egg Carrine Blank An undefined organic chemical mixture, derived from the eggs of chickens (Gallus gallus). Used for the cultivation of microorganisms. Bakers yeast An undefined organic chemical mixture comprised of dried yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae), used to support the growth of microorganisms. Baker's yeast Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 76 Carrine Blank Clostridium acidurici medium An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of potassium hydroxide, potassium phosphate, uric acid, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, trace elements, selenite-tungstate solution, yeast extract, sodium thioglycolate, sodium bicarbonate, and resazuring. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. DSM strains: 604 [Clostridium] acidurici 9a 10158 Gottschalkia acidurici 10159 Gottschalkia acidurici 10160 Gottschalkia acidurici 10161 Gottschalkia acidurici 605 Clostridium cylindrosporum DSM 605 10157 Clostridium cylindrosporum 10162 Clostridium cylindrosporum 10163 Clostridium cylindrosporum 10164 Clostridium cylindrosporum 1384 Clostridium purinilyticum 10156 Clostridium purinilyticum 1989 Eubacterium angustum 3244 Gallicola barnesae http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium76.pdf 76. CLOSTRIDIUM ACIDIURICI MEDIUM KOH 0.67 g K2HPO4 0.91 g Uric acid 2.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 15.00 mg FeSO4 x 7 H2O 6.00 mg Trace element solution SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.00 ml Selenite-tungstate solution (see medium 385) 1.00 ml Yeast extract 1.00 g Na-thioglycolate 0.50 g NaHCO3 5.00 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve KOH and K2HPO4 in water, then add uric acid and boil until the acid is dissolved. Cool medium to room temperature under 100% N2 gas atmosphere and add all other substances, except thioglycolate and bicarbonate. Dispense under same gas atmosphere into culture vessels and autoclave for 15 min at 121˚C. Then add thioglycolate (stock solution, autoclaved separately) and sodium bicarbonate (filter-sterilized stock solution prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere) and adjust pH of complete medium to 7.0 - 7.5. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved filtered aged seawater Filtered seawater that has been aged (kept in the dark for 2-4 weeks). Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 77 Carrine Blank An organic rich, liquid culture medium comprised of infusion from fresh liver (liver extract), peptone, potassium phosphate, and extracted liver tissue (dissected liver tissue). DSM strains: 601 Clostridium baratii 602 Clostridium baratii 46280 Clostridium paraputrificum 599 Clostridium sardiniense 600 Clostridium sardiniense 46282 Clostridium 46278 Clostridium sporogenes 46279 Clostridium sporogenes Liver broth http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium77.pdf 77. LIVER BROTH (Oxoid CM 77) Prepare the medium according to directions on the bottle under 100% N2 gas atmosphere. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved http://www.oxoid.com/UK/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0077&org=3&c=UK&lang=EN LIVER BROTH Code: CM0077 a liquid medium, containing liver particles, for the examination of foods for saccharolytic or putrefactive mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobes Typical Formula* gm/litre Infusion from fresh liver 23.0 Peptone 10.0 Potassium phosphate 1.0 Extracted liver tissue 30.0 pH 6.8 ± 0.2 DSMZ Medium 74 Carrine Blank THermus thermophilus medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium74.pdf 74. THERMUS THERMOPHILUS MEDIUM Yeast extract (BD Difco) 4.0 g Proteose peptone Nr. 3 (BD Difco) 8.0 g NaCl 2.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.0. The original medium description specifies polypeptone, which appears to be no longer available. © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: 22914 Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis DSM 22914 16200 Thermus kawarayensis JCM 12314 579 Thermus thermophilus HB8 An organic rich, liquid culture medium comprised of yeast extract, proteose peptone, and sodium chloride. DSMZ Medium 75 Carrine Blank Trypticase phytone medium DSM strains: 587 Acinetobacter 588 Acinetobacter An organic-rich, liquid culture medium containing trypticase peptone, phytone peptone, sodium chloride, potassium phosphate, and glucose. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium75.pdf 75. TRYPTICASE PHYTONE MEDIUM Trypticase peptone 17.0 g Phytone peptone 3.0 g NaCl 5.0 g K2HPO4 2.5 g Glucose 2.5 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 73 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium73.pdf 73. MEDIUM FOR HALOPHILIC BACILLI Casamino acids 10.0 g Yeast extract 10.0 g NaCl 100.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.0. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: 578 Bacillus Medium for halophilic bacilli Carrine Blank An organic rich, liquid culture medium comprised of casamino acids, yeast extract, and sodium chloride. DSMZ Medium 70 Carrine Blank Thiobacillus ferrooxidans medium with ferrous sulfate Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans medium (ferrous sulfate) http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium70.pdf 70. ACIDITHIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS MEDIUM (FERROUS SULFATE) KH2PO4 0.4 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.4 g (NH4)2SO4 0.4 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 33.3 g 0.1 N H2SO4 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 1.4 with sulfuric acid. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: 583 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid. DSMZ Medium 71 DSM strains: 14366 Acidithiobacillus albertensis 584 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 622 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans 14887 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC 19377 Carrine Blank A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, and sodium thiosulfate. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans medium with thiosulfate Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans medium (thiosulfate) http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium71.pdf 71. ACIDITHIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS MEDIUM (THIOSULFATE) KH2PO4 3.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50 g (NH4)2SO4 3.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 5.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Prepare the medium without thiosulfate, adjust pH to 4.4 - 4.7 and autoclave at 121˚C for 15 min. Sterilize thiosulfate separately by filtration and add after autoclaving. For DSM 585 replace thiosulfate with 5.00 g/l tetrathionate (K2S4O6) added from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 14366: Add 10.0 mg/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O. The final pH of the medium should be 4.4. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 71.1 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium71.pdf 71. ACIDITHIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS MEDIUM (THIOSULFATE) KH2PO4 3.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50 g (NH4)2SO4 3.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 5.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Prepare the medium without thiosulfate, adjust pH to 4.4 - 4.7 and autoclave at 121˚C for 15 min. Sterilize thiosulfate separately by filtration and add after autoclaving. For DSM 585 replace thiosulfate with 5.00 g/l tetrathionate (K2S4O6) added from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 14366: Add 10.0 mg/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O. The final pH of the medium should be 4.4. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 71.1 -< for DSM 585 Carrine Blank Similar to DSMZ Medium 71, except that thiosulfate is omitted and potassium tetrathionate added. DSM 585 is Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Straininfo.net claims that no sequences found for this strain. Strain not in TaxBrowser. DSMZ Medium 71.2 DSMZ Medium 71.2 -< for DSM 14366 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium71.pdf 71. ACIDITHIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS MEDIUM (THIOSULFATE) KH2PO4 3.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50 g (NH4)2SO4 3.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 5.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Prepare the medium without thiosulfate, adjust pH to 4.4 - 4.7 and autoclave at 121˚C for 15 min. Sterilize thiosulfate separately by filtration and add after autoclaving. For DSM 585 replace thiosulfate with 5.00 g/l tetrathionate (K2S4O6) added from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. For DSM 14366: Add 10.0 mg/l FeSO4 x 7 H2O. The final pH of the medium should be 4.4. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSM 14366 is Acidithiobacillus albertensis Similar to DSMZ Medium 71, except that ferrous sulfate is added. DSMZ Medium 69 DSM strains: 582 Paracoccus versutus 506 Starkeya novella DSM 506 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium69.pdf 69. THIOBACILLUS NOVELLUS MEDIUM Solution A: Na2HPO4 x 12 H2O 10.60 g KH2PO4 1.50 g NH4Cl 0.30 g Yeast extract 0.30 g Phenol red 2.00 mg Distilled water 900.00 ml Solution B: MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g Distilled water 50.00 ml Solution C: Trace element solution (see below) 5.00 ml Solution D: Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 5.00 g Distilled water 50.00 ml Solutions A, B, C, D are sterilized separately by autoclaving and mixed when cold. For agar medium add 1.5% agar (Difco Bacto) to solution A. Adjust pH to 8.5 with sterile 0.5 N NaOH. Trace element solution (Vishniac and Santer, 1957): Na2-EDTA 50.00 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 22.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 5.54 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 5.06 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 5.00 g (NH4)6Mo7O24 x 4 H2O 1.10 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 1.57 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 1.61 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 6.0 with KOH. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium containing sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium chloride, yeast extract, phenol red, mangensium sulfate, trace elements, and sodium thiosulfate. Thiobacillus novellus medium DSMZ Medium 68 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium68.pdf 68. THIOBACILLUS NEAPOLITANUS MEDIUM KH2PO4 4.0 g K2HPO4 4.0 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.8 g NH4Cl 0.4 g Trace element solution (see medium 69) 5.0 ml Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 10.0 g Bromocresol purple (saturated aqueous solution) 0.5 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 6.6 - 7.0. Sterilize Na2S2O3 separately in 100 ml of distilled water. For agar medium use 1.5% Difco Bacto Agar. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Thiobacillus neapolitanus medium DSM strains: 581 Halothiobacillus neapolitanus 15147 Halothiobacillus neapolitanus 16832 Halothiobacillus neapolitanus Carrine Blank A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, trace elements, sodium thiosulfate, and bromcresol purple. DSMZ Medium 67 DSM strains: 3685 Chitinophaga arvensicola 2588 Chitinophaga pinensis DSM 2588 2589 Chitinophaga pinensis 784 Chondromyces crocatus 14714 Corallococcus coralloides 14687 Corallococcus coralloides 14688 Corallococcus exiguus 14696 Cystobacter badius 14738 Cystobacter gracilis 14753 Cystobacter gracilis 14754 Cystobacter gracilis 14755 Cystobacter gracilis 14771 Cystobacter gracilis 14756 Cystobacter miniatus 14751 Cystobacter minus 14752 Cystobacter minus 14772 Cystobacter minus 14758 Cystobacter violaceus Cb vi76 14759 Cystobacter violaceus 3656 Cytophaga 3657 Cytophaga 2063 Flavobacterium hydatis 2064 Flavobacterium johnsoniae UW101 6368 Flavobacterium pectinovorum 3660 Flavobacterium psychrophilum DSM 3660 1811 Flavobacterium saccharophilum 425 Flavobacterium sp. DSM 425 4001 Flavobacterium succinicans 4002 Flavobacterium succinicans 4003 Flavobacterium succinicans 21789 Flavobacterium swingsii DSM 21789 3661 Flavobacterium xanthum 6792 Flavobacterium johnsoniae 6793 Flexibacter flexilis DSM 6793 3098 Flexibacter 785 Herpetosiphon aurantiacus DSM 785 6205 Herpetosiphon aurantiacus 6206 Herpetosiphon aurantiacus 7119 Herpetosiphon geysericola 589 Herpetosiphon 6207 Herpetosiphon 11115 Hymenobacter chitinivorans 11117 Hymenobacter ocellatus 2044 Lysobacter antibioticus 2045 Lysobacter antibioticus 2043 Lysobacter enzymogenes 6980 Lysobacter gummosus 3655 Lysobacter 14740 Melittangium lichenicola 14675 Myxococcus stipitatus DSM 14675 14676 Myxococcus stipitatus 14700 Myxococcus stipitatus 4946 Myxococcus virescens 6796 Myxococcus xanthus 6797 Myxococcus xanthus 53668 Sandaracinus amylolyticus 2582 Sphingobacterium spiritivorum ATCC 33300 14737 Stigmatella hybrida 7029 An organic-rich, solid culture medium containing casitone, calcium chloride, yeast extract, and agar. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium67.pdf 67. CY-AGAR Casitone 3.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 1.36 g Yeast extract 1.00 g Agar 15.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.2. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved CY-agar DSMZ Medium 65 GYM Streptomyces medium An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of glucose, yeast extract, malt extract, calcium carbonate, and agar. Carrine Blank DSM strains: 2579 hits in BacDive http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium65.pdf 65. GYM STREPTOMYCES MEDIUM Glucose 4.0 g Yeast extract 4.0 g Malt extract 10.0 g CaCO3 2.0 g Agar 12.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.2 before adding agar. Delete CaCO3 if liquid medium is used. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved dissected liver tissue An undefined organic chemical mixture, derived from dissected (physically extracted) liver tissue of an animal (Mammalia). extracted liver tissue Carrine Blank trace elements solution - Vishniac and Santer 1957 Carrine Blank A trace elements solution comprised of disodium EDTA, zinc sulfate, calcium chloride, manganese chloride, ferrous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, copper sulfate, and cobalt chloride. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium69.pdf 69. THIOBACILLUS NOVELLUS MEDIUM Solution A: Na2HPO4 x 12 H2O 10.60 g KH2PO4 1.50 g NH4Cl 0.30 g Yeast extract 0.30 g Phenol red 2.00 mg Distilled water 900.00 ml Solution B: MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g Distilled water 50.00 ml Solution C: Trace element solution (see below) 5.00 ml Solution D: Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O 5.00 g Distilled water 50.00 ml Solutions A, B, C, D are sterilized separately by autoclaving and mixed when cold. For agar medium add 1.5% agar (Difco Bacto) to solution A. Adjust pH to 8.5 with sterile 0.5 N NaOH. Trace element solution (Vishniac and Santer, 1957): Na2-EDTA 50.00 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 22.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 5.54 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 5.06 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 5.00 g (NH4)6Mo7O24 x 4 H2O 1.10 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 1.57 g CoCl2 x 6 H2O 1.61 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 6.0 with KOH. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Phytone peptone A papaic digest of soybean (Hordeum vulgare) meal, used for the culturing of microorganisms. Phytone™ Peptone is a trademark of BBL/Difco Labs. Carrine Blank papaic digest of soybean meal From BD Bionutrients Technical Manual (3rd edition revised): "Many of these media utilize peptones of known derivation, such as Trypticase™ Peptone, a pancreatic digest of casein, and Phytone™ Peptone, a papaic digest of soybean meal." DSMZ Medium 78.1 DSM 5566 is Clostridium novyi B str. ATCC 27606 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium78.pdf 78. CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM Ground beef (fat free) 500.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml NaOH 1 N 25.0 ml Use lean beef or horse meat. Remove fat and connective tissue before grinding. Mix meat, water and NaOH, then boil for 15 min with stirring. Cool to room temperature, skim fat off surface, and filter, retaining both meat particles and filtrate. To the filtrate add water to a final volume of 1000 ml, and then add: Casitone 30.0 g Yeast extract 5.0 g K2HPO4 5.0 g Resazurin 1.0 mg Boil, cool under nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.5 g/l cysteine and adjust pH to 7.0. To make medium anoxic boil it, cool under nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.5 g/l cysteine hydrochloride and adjust pH to 7.0. Dispense anoxically 7 ml medium into Hungate tubes (for strains demanding meat particles put those first into the tube (use 1 part meat particles to 4 or 5 parts fluid)). Autoclave at 121˚C for 30 min. For agar slants use 15 g agar per 1000.0 ml medium. For DSM 5566 add to the autoclaved medium 1 g/l NaHCO3 from a sterile, anoxic stock solution (5% w/v) prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2. In some cases (as indicated in the catalogue) the addition of Haemin and Vitamin K1 or Vitamin K3 is necessary. Add to 1000 ml of medium after autoclaving: Haemin solution (see below) 10.00 ml Vitamin K1 or Vitamin K3 solution (see below) 0.20 ml Haemin solution: Dissolve 50 mg haemin in 1 ml 1 N NaOH; make up to 100 ml with distilled water and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated. Vitamin K1 solution: Dissolve 0.1 ml of vitamin K1/K3 in 20 ml 95% ethanol and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated in a brown bottle. Vitamin K3 solution: Dissolve 5 mg/ml of vitamin K3 in 10 ml 95% ethanol and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated in a brown bottle. © 2011 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSM Medium 78, except that sodium bicarbonate is added. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. The pH is increased to 7.2. Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 78.1 -< for DSM 5566 vitamin solution for DSMZ Medium 78a A vitamin solution containing vitamin B12 (cobalamin), pantothenic acid, riboflavin, pyridoxamine hydrochloride, biotin, folic acid, nicotinic acid, nicotine amide (nicotinamide), alpha-lipoic acid (lipoic acid), p-aminobenzoic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid), and thiamine hydrochloride. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium78a.pdf 78a. CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM FOR TREPONEMA SP. To the ready medium 78, add 50 ml/l amino acid solution and 5 ml/l vitamin solution. These solutions must not be prepared under anaerobic conditions. Amino acid solution (filter sterilized): L-Histidine 0.6 g L-Serine 0.5 g L-Glutamine 0.7 g Distilled water 50.0 ml Vitamin solution: Vitamin B12 50 mg Pantothenic acid 50 mg Riboflavin 50 mg Pyridoxamine-HCl 10 mg Biotin 20 mg Folic acid 20 mg Nicotinic acid 25 mg Nicotine amide 25 mg α-lipoic acid 50 mg p-aminobenzoic acid 50 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 50 mg Distilled water 1000 ml Stir for some hours, filter sterilize the solution. © 2010 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank synthetic sea water for DSMZ Medium 79 An artificial (synthetic) seawater comprised of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, boric acid, sodium silicate, strontium chloride, sodium fluoride, ammonium nitrate, and ferric phosphate. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium79.pdf 79. LEUCOTHRIX MEDIUM Tryptone 10.00 g Synthetic sea water 1000.00 ml Synthetic sea water: NaCl 24.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 11.00 g Na2SO4 4.00 g CaCl2 x 6 H2O 2.00 g KCl 0.70 g KBr 0.10 g H3BO3 0.03 g NaSiO3 x 9 H2O 5.00 mg SrCl2 x 6 H2O 0.04 g NaF 3.00 mg NH4NO3 2.00 mg Fe3PO4 x 4 H2O 1.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.8. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 302 Nutrient broth with 10% horse serum Similar to DSMZ Medium 1, except horse serum is added. DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium302.pdf 302. NUTRIENT BROTH WITH 10% HORSE SERUM To autoclaved medium 1 add 100 ml/l of sterile horse serum. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank amino acid solution for DSMZ Medium 78a A defined organic solution containing the following amino acids: L-histidine, L-serine, and L-glutamine. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium78a.pdf 78a. CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM FOR TREPONEMA SP. To the ready medium 78, add 50 ml/l amino acid solution and 5 ml/l vitamin solution. These solutions must not be prepared under anaerobic conditions. Amino acid solution (filter sterilized): L-Histidine 0.6 g L-Serine 0.5 g L-Glutamine 0.7 g Distilled water 50.0 ml Vitamin solution: Vitamin B12 50 mg Pantothenic acid 50 mg Riboflavin 50 mg Pyridoxamine-HCl 10 mg Biotin 20 mg Folic acid 20 mg Nicotinic acid 25 mg Nicotine amide 25 mg α-lipoic acid 50 mg p-aminobenzoic acid 50 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 50 mg Distilled water 1000 ml Stir for some hours, filter sterilize the solution. © 2010 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved filtered garden soil extract Carrine Blank A soil extract made from garden soil. Prepared by seiving garden soil through a coarse sieve, adding distilled water, and autoclaving. standard vitamin solution for DSMZ Medium 81 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium81.pdf 81. MINERAL MEDIUM FOR CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC GROWTH (H-3) Solution A: KH2PO4 2.300 g Na2HPO4 x 2 H2O 2.900 g Distilled water 50.000 ml Solution B: NH4Cl 1.000 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.500 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.010 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.005 g NaVO3 x H2O 0.005 g Trace element sol. SL-6 (see medium 27) 5.000 ml Distilled water 915.000 ml Agar (if necessary) 20.000 g Solution C: Ferric ammonium citrate 0.050 g Distilled water 20.000 ml Solutions A, B, C are autoclaved separately for 15 min at 121˚C, cooled down to 50˚C and then mixed aseptically with 5.0 ml filter-sterilized standard vitamin solution (see below) and 10.0 ml filter-sterilized 5% NaHCO3 (pH 7-8).The final pH of this medium should be 6.8 without adjustment. For chemolithotrophic growth incubate the culture under an atmosphere of 2% (v/v) O2, 10% CO2, 60% H2 and 28% N2. For heterotrophic growth supplement the mineral medium with an appropriate carbon source (0.2% carbohydrate or 0.1% organic acid). For growth on nitrogen-free medium, omit NH4Cl and incubate the culture under an atmosphere of 2% (v/v) O2, 10% CO2, 10% H2 and 78% N2 or heterotrophically under 2% (v/v) O2 and 98% N2. For more details see Ref. 1515 and Ref. 3363. For DSM 21436 adjust pH to 5.0 and use a gas atmosphere of 10% O2, 10% CO2, 40% H2 and 40% N2 with an overpressure of 2 bar. Standard vitamin solution: Riboflavin 10.000 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 50.000 mg Nicotinic acid 50.000 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 50.000 mg Ca-pantothenate 50.000 mg Biotin 0.100 mg Folic acid 0.200 mg Vitamin B12 1.000 mg Distilled water 100.000 © 2011 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A vitamin solution comprised of riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, calcium pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (cobalamin). rolled oats Wikipedia: Rolled oats Rolled oats are traditionally oat groats that have been de-husked, steamed and then rolled into flat flakes under heavy rollers before being stabilized by being lightly toasted. The oat, like the other cereals, has a hard, inedible outer husk that must be removed before the grain can be eaten. After the outer husk (or chaff) has been removed from the still bran-covered oat grains, the remainder is called oat groats. Oat groats are a whole grain that can be used as a breakfast cereal; various forms of oatmeal and rolled oats, and pinhead oats are cooked to make porridge.[1] Steel-cut oats (pinhead oatmeal) are oat groats that have been chopped into smaller pieces before any steaming and thus retain bits of the bran layer. Since the bran layer, though nutritious, makes the grains tough to chew and contains an enzyme that can cause the oats to go rancid, raw oat groats are often further steam-treated to soften them for a quicker cooking time (modern "quick oats") and to denature the enzymes for a longer shelf life. Undefined organic chemical mixture comprised of de-husked oat (Avena sativa) seed that has been crushed by rolling under a heavy roller and toasted. oat flakes Carrine Blank vitamin solution CA http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium87a.pdf 87a. CHLOROFLEXUS AGGREGANS MEDIUM To medium 87 add 1.0 ml/litre sterile vitamin solution CA. Vitamin solution CA Distilled water 100.0 ml Nicotinic acid 100.0 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 100.0 mg Biotin 5.0 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 50.0 mg Vitamin B12 1.0 mg Ca-pantothenate 50.0 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 50.0 mg Folic acid 50.0 mg Na3-EDTA 200.0 mg Adjust pH to 7.5. The solution is filter-sterilized. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank A vitamin solution comprised of nicotinic acid, thiamine hydrochloride, biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, and trisodium EDTA. DSZM Medium 131 DSM strains: 1053 Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta H 6216 Methanoculleus bourgensis A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium comprised of sodium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, resazurin, vitamin solution, trace elements solution, L-cysteine hydrochloride, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of dihydrogen and carbon dioxide. Carrine Blank (note this media recipe is not in the current list of media recipes at the DSMZ). From: Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd edition. By Ronald M. Atlas. pp. 1056. Composition per liter: sodium carbonate, 4.0g ammonium sulfate, 1.5g sodium chloride, 0.6g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3g potassium dibasic phosphate, 0.15g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.12g calcium chloride dihyrate, 0.08g iron sulfate heptahydrate, 4.0mg resazurin,1.0mg vitamin solution, 10.0 mL trace elements solution, 10.0 mL L-cysteine solution, 10.0 mL sodium sulfide nonahydrate solution, 10.0 mL pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25˚C. Vitamin solution Composition per liter: pyridoxine hydrochloride, 10.0mg thiamine hydrochloride dihydrate, 5.0 mg riboflavine, 5.0 mg nicotinic acid, 5.0 mg calcium pantothenate, 5.0 mg biotin, 2.0 mg folic acid, 2.0 mg p-aminobenzoic acid, 1.0 mg vitamin B12, 0.01 mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 80% dihydrogen and 20% carbon dioxide. Filter sterilize. Trace elements solution Composition per liter: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 6.2g sodium chloride, 1.0g disodium EDTA, 0.64g manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.55g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.18g cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 0.17g calcium chloride dihydrate, 0.13g iron sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1g copper sulfate, 0.05g nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.025g potassium aluminum sulfate dodecadydrate, 0.018g sodium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.011g boric acid, 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add Na2-EDTA to 500.0 mL distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Add other components and bring volume to 1.0 L with distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 80% dihydrogen and 20% carbon dioxide. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Sodium sulfide solution Composition per 10.0 mL: sodium sulfide nonahydrate, 1.5g Preparation of Sodium sulfide solution: add sodium sulfide to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0 mL. Sparge with dinitrogen. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Cool to 25˚C. Store anaerobically. L-Cystene Solution Composition per 10.0 m:" L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, 1.5g Preparation of L-Cysteine solution: Add L-cysteine-HCL-H2O to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0 mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with dinitrogen. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C> Preparation of Medium: prepare and dispense medium under an oxygen-free 80% dihydrogen 20% carbon dioxide gas mixture. Add components, except vitamin solution, L-cystene solution, and sodium sulfide solution to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with H2/CO2. Autocalve for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Cool to 25˚C while sparging with H2/CO2. Aseptically and anaerobically add 10.0 mL vitamin solution, 10.0 mL of sterile L-cystene soltuion, and 10.0 mL of sterile sodium sulfide solution. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically and anaerobially distribute into sterile tubes or flasks. Alternately the medium can be distributed to tubes under anaerobic conditions and autoclaved in tubes prior to addition of substrate solution, vitamin solution, and sodium sulfide solution. Appropriate ammounts of these solutions can then be..... vitamin solution for DSMZ Medium 131 Carrine Blank A vitamin solution comprised of pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid(4-aminobenzoic acid), and vitamin B12 (cobalamin). Prepared under an atmosphere of dihydrogen and carbon dioxide. (note this media recipe is not in the current list of media recipes at the DSMZ). From: Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd edition. By Ronald M. Atlas. pp. 1056. Composition per liter: sodium carbonate, 4.0g ammonium sulfate, 1.5g sodium chloride, 0.6g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3g potassium dibasic phosphate, 0.15g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.12g calcium chloride dihyrate, 0.08g iron sulfate heptahydrate, 4.0mg resazurin,1.0mg vitamin solution, 10.0 mL trace elements solution, 10.0 mL L-cysteine solution, 10.0 mL sodium sulfide nonahydrate solution, 10.0 mL pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25˚C. Vitamin solution Composition per liter: pyridoxine hydrochloride, 10.0mg thiamine hydrochloride dihydrate, 5.0 mg riboflavine, 5.0 mg nicotinic acid, 5.0 mg calcium pantothenate, 5.0 mg biotin, 2.0 mg folic acid, 2.0 mg p-aminobenzoic acid, 1.0 mg vitamin B12, 0.01 mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 80% dihydrogen and 20% carbon dioxide. Filter sterilize. Trace elements solution Composition per liter: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 6.2g sodium chloride, 1.0g disodium EDTA, 0.64g manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.55g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.18g cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 0.17g calcium chloride dihydrate, 0.13g iron sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1g copper sulfate, 0.05g nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.025g potassium aluminum sulfate dodecadydrate, 0.018g sodium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.011g boric acid, 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add Na2-EDTA to 500.0 mL distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Add other components and bring volume to 1.0 L with distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 80% dihydrogen and 20% carbon dioxide. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Sodium sulfide solution Composition per 10.0 mL: sodium sulfide nonahydrate, 1.5g Preparation of Sodium sulfide solution: add sodium sulfide to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0 mL. Sparge with dinitrogen. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Cool to 25˚C. Store anaerobically. L-Cystene Solution Composition per 10.0 m:" L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, 1.5g Preparation of L-Cysteine solution: Add L-cysteine-HCL-H2O to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0 mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with dinitrogen. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C> Preparation of Medium: prepare and dispense medium under an oxygen-free 80% dihydrogen 20% carbon dioxide gas mixture. Add components, except vitamin solution, L-cystene solution, and sodium sulfide solution to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with H2/CO2. Autocalve for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Cool to 25˚C while sparging with H2/CO2. Aseptically and anaerobically add 10.0 mL vitamin solution, 10.0 mL of sterile L-cystene soltuion, and 10.0 mL of sterile sodium sulfide solution. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically and anaerobially distribute into sterile tubes or flasks. Alternately the medium can be distributed to tubes under anaerobic conditions and autoclaved in tubes prior to addition of substrate solution, vitamin solution, and sodium sulfide solution. Appropriate ammounts of these solutions can then be..... trace elements solution for DSMZ Medium 131 (note this media recipe is not in the current list of media recipes at the DSMZ). From: Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd edition. By Ronald M. Atlas. pp. 1056. Composition per liter: sodium carbonate, 4.0g ammonium sulfate, 1.5g sodium chloride, 0.6g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3g potassium dibasic phosphate, 0.15g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.12g calcium chloride dihyrate, 0.08g iron sulfate heptahydrate, 4.0mg resazurin,1.0mg vitamin solution, 10.0 mL trace elements solution, 10.0 mL L-cysteine solution, 10.0 mL sodium sulfide nonahydrate solution, 10.0 mL pH 7.2 ± 0.2 at 25˚C. Vitamin solution Composition per liter: pyridoxine hydrochloride, 10.0mg thiamine hydrochloride dihydrate, 5.0 mg riboflavine, 5.0 mg nicotinic acid, 5.0 mg calcium pantothenate, 5.0 mg biotin, 2.0 mg folic acid, 2.0 mg p-aminobenzoic acid, 1.0 mg vitamin B12, 0.01 mg Preparation of Vitamin Solution: Add components to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 80% dihydrogen and 20% carbon dioxide. Filter sterilize. Trace elements solution Composition per liter: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 6.2g sodium chloride, 1.0g disodium EDTA, 0.64g manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.55g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.18g cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 0.17g calcium chloride dihydrate, 0.13g iron sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1g copper sulfate, 0.05g nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.025g potassium aluminum sulfate dodecadydrate, 0.018g sodium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.011g boric acid, 0.01g Preparation of Trace Elements Solution: Add Na2-EDTA to 500.0 mL distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Add other components and bring volume to 1.0 L with distilled/deionized water. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with 80% dihydrogen and 20% carbon dioxide. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Sodium sulfide solution Composition per 10.0 mL: sodium sulfide nonahydrate, 1.5g Preparation of Sodium sulfide solution: add sodium sulfide to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0 mL. Sparge with dinitrogen. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Cool to 25˚C. Store anaerobically. L-Cystene Solution Composition per 10.0 m:" L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, 1.5g Preparation of L-Cysteine solution: Add L-cysteine-HCL-H2O to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 10.0 mL. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with dinitrogen. Autoclave for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C> Preparation of Medium: prepare and dispense medium under an oxygen-free 80% dihydrogen 20% carbon dioxide gas mixture. Add components, except vitamin solution, L-cystene solution, and sodium sulfide solution to distilled/deionized water and bring volume to 1.0L. Mix thoroughly. Sparge with H2/CO2. Autocalve for 15 min at 15 psi pressure-121˚C. Cool to 25˚C while sparging with H2/CO2. Aseptically and anaerobically add 10.0 mL vitamin solution, 10.0 mL of sterile L-cystene soltuion, and 10.0 mL of sterile sodium sulfide solution. Mix thoroughly. Aseptically and anaerobially distribute into sterile tubes or flasks. Alternately the medium can be distributed to tubes under anaerobic conditions and autoclaved in tubes prior to addition of substrate solution, vitamin solution, and sodium sulfide solution. Appropriate ammounts of these solutions can then be..... Carrine Blank A trace elements solution comprised of magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, disodium EDTA, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt chloride, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, nickel chloride, potassium aluminum sulfate, sodium molybdate, and boric acid. Prepared under an atmosphere of dihydrogen and carbon dioxide. DSMZ Medium 104 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium104.pdf 104. PYG MEDIUM (modified) Trypticase peptone 5.00 g Peptone 5.00 g Yeast extract 10.00 g Beef extract 5.00 g Glucose 5.00 g K2HPO4 2.00 g Tween 80 1.00 ml Cysteine-HCl x H2O 0.50 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Salt solution (see below) 40.00 ml Distilled water 950.00 ml Haemin solution (see below) 10.00 ml Vitamin K1 solution (see below) 0.20 ml The vitamin K1, haemin solution and the cysteine are added after the medium has been boiled and cooled under CO2. Adjust pH to 7.2 using 8 N NaOH. Distribute under N2 and autoclave. Salt solution: CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.25 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50 g K2HPO4 1.00 g KH2PO4 1.00 g NaHCO3 10.00 g NaCl 2.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Haemin solution: Dissolve 50 mg haemin in 1 ml 1 N NaOH; make up to 100 ml with distilled water. Store refrigerated. Vitamin K1 solution: Dissolve 0.1 ml of vitamin K1 in 20 ml 95% ethanol and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated in a brown bottle. © 2009 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of trypticase peptone, peptone, yeast extract, beef extract, glucose, potassium phosphate, tween 80 (polysorbate 80), cysteine hydrochloride, resazurin, salt solution, hemin solution, and vitamin K solution. Prepared under a atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Carrine Blank PYG Medium (modified) DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 470 Pseudomonas halophila medium Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium470.pdf 470. PSEUDOMONAS HALOPHILA MEDIUM Solution A: NaCl 46.8 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 39.4 g NH4Cl 1.0 g Glycerol 5.0 g Trace element sol. SL-10 (see medium 320) 1.0 ml Vitamin solution (see medium 131) 10.0 ml Distilled water 890.0 ml Solution B: KH2PO4 1.0 g Distilled water 100.0 ml Vitamin solution is filter-sterilized and added after autoclaving. Solution A and B are autoclaved separately and combined after cooling. Adjust pH to 7.0 with 6 M NaOH or HCl. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, glycerol, trace elements, vitamins, and potassium phosphate. DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 851 Carrine Blank DSM strains: 12906 Tessaracoccus bendigoensis DSM 12906 12890 Tetrasphaera australiensis 13193 Tetrasphaera australiensis 13192 Tetrasphaera japonica T1-X7 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium851.pdf 851. GLUCOSE SULFIDE MEDIUM Glucose 0.15 g Yeast extract 1.00 g (NH4)2SO4 0.50 g CaCO3 0.10 g Ca(NO3)2 0.10 g KCl 0.05 g K2HPO4 0.05 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.05 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.20 g Vitamin solution (see medium 131) 10.00 ml Distilled water 990.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. © 2011 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved glucose sulfide medium An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of glucose, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfide, and vitamins. DSMZ Medium 11a Similar to DSMZ Medium 11, except a vitamin solution is added. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium11a.pdf 11a. MODIFIED MEDIUM 11 Prepare medium 11 with additional vitamin solution (see medium 131). © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved modified medium 11 DSM strains: DSMZ Medium 1131 A minerals salts, liquid culture medium comprised of artificial sea water, vitamins, sodium nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, and elemental sulfur. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen, dihydrogen, and carbon dioxide. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1131.pdf 1131. HYDROGENIVIRGA OKINAWENSIS MEDIUM Modified MJ synthetic sea water (see below) 1000.0 ml Trace vitamins (see next page) 10.0 ml NaNO3 1.0 g NaHCO3 1.0 g Sulfur (powder) 3.0 g Mix ingredients except NaHCO3 and vitamin solution, adjust pH to 7.0 with NaOH, and autoclave under a N2 atmosphere. Filter-sterilize 8% NaHCO3 solution and add to the medium. Distribute the medium into culture vessels (e.g., 20 ml in 120 ml serum bottles) containing sulfur under a stream of a H2-CO2 (4:1, v/v) gas mixture, and seal with butyl rubber stoppers. Steam medium for 3 hr on each of 3 successive days. Prior to inoculation, add trace vitamins (sterile filtrated and stocked under a N2 atmosphere) to the medium. Pressurize the inoculated bottles to 200 kPa H2-CO2 (4:1, v/v). Modified MJ synthetic sea water: NaCl 30.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.50 g NH4Cl 0.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.18 g KCl 0.33 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 1.00 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 1.00 mg Trace element solution (see below) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x X H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g AlK(SO4)2 0.01 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: Carrine Blank Hydrogenivirga okinawensis medium modified MJ synthetic sea water An artificial seawater comprised of sodium chloride, potassium phosphate, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, magnesium suflate, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, ferrous sulfate, nickel chloride, sodium selenite, and trace elements. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1131.pdf 1131. HYDROGENIVIRGA OKINAWENSIS MEDIUM Modified MJ synthetic sea water (see below) 1000.0 ml Trace vitamins (see next page) 10.0 ml NaNO3 1.0 g NaHCO3 1.0 g Sulfur (powder) 3.0 g Mix ingredients except NaHCO3 and vitamin solution, adjust pH to 7.0 with NaOH, and autoclave under a N2 atmosphere. Filter-sterilize 8% NaHCO3 solution and add to the medium. Distribute the medium into culture vessels (e.g., 20 ml in 120 ml serum bottles) containing sulfur under a stream of a H2-CO2 (4:1, v/v) gas mixture, and seal with butyl rubber stoppers. Steam medium for 3 hr on each of 3 successive days. Prior to inoculation, add trace vitamins (sterile filtrated and stocked under a N2 atmosphere) to the medium. Pressurize the inoculated bottles to 200 kPa H2-CO2 (4:1, v/v). Modified MJ synthetic sea water: NaCl 30.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.50 g NH4Cl 0.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.18 g KCl 0.33 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 1.00 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 1.00 mg Trace element solution (see below) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x X H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g AlK(SO4)2 0.01 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank trace elements solution for DSMZ Medium 1131 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1131.pdf 1131. HYDROGENIVIRGA OKINAWENSIS MEDIUM Modified MJ synthetic sea water (see below) 1000.0 ml Trace vitamins (see next page) 10.0 ml NaNO3 1.0 g NaHCO3 1.0 g Sulfur (powder) 3.0 g Mix ingredients except NaHCO3 and vitamin solution, adjust pH to 7.0 with NaOH, and autoclave under a N2 atmosphere. Filter-sterilize 8% NaHCO3 solution and add to the medium. Distribute the medium into culture vessels (e.g., 20 ml in 120 ml serum bottles) containing sulfur under a stream of a H2-CO2 (4:1, v/v) gas mixture, and seal with butyl rubber stoppers. Steam medium for 3 hr on each of 3 successive days. Prior to inoculation, add trace vitamins (sterile filtrated and stocked under a N2 atmosphere) to the medium. Pressurize the inoculated bottles to 200 kPa H2-CO2 (4:1, v/v). Modified MJ synthetic sea water: NaCl 30.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.50 g NH4Cl 0.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.18 g KCl 0.33 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 1.00 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 1.00 mg Trace element solution (see below) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x X H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g AlK(SO4)2 0.01 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A trace elements solution comprised of nitrilotriacetic acid, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, cobalt sulfate, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, boric acid, and sodium molybdate. vitamin solution for DSMZ Medium 1131 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium1131.pdf 1131. HYDROGENIVIRGA OKINAWENSIS MEDIUM Modified MJ synthetic sea water (see below) 1000.0 ml Trace vitamins (see next page) 10.0 ml NaNO3 1.0 g NaHCO3 1.0 g Sulfur (powder) 3.0 g Mix ingredients except NaHCO3 and vitamin solution, adjust pH to 7.0 with NaOH, and autoclave under a N2 atmosphere. Filter-sterilize 8% NaHCO3 solution and add to the medium. Distribute the medium into culture vessels (e.g., 20 ml in 120 ml serum bottles) containing sulfur under a stream of a H2-CO2 (4:1, v/v) gas mixture, and seal with butyl rubber stoppers. Steam medium for 3 hr on each of 3 successive days. Prior to inoculation, add trace vitamins (sterile filtrated and stocked under a N2 atmosphere) to the medium. Pressurize the inoculated bottles to 200 kPa H2-CO2 (4:1, v/v). Modified MJ synthetic sea water: NaCl 30.00 g K2HPO4 0.14 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.50 g NH4Cl 0.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.40 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 4.18 g KCl 0.33 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g NiCl2 x 6 H2O 1.00 mg Na2SeO3 x 5 H2O 1.00 mg Trace element solution (see below) 10.00 ml Distilled water 1000.00 ml Trace element solution: Nitrilotriacetic acid 1.50 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 3.00 g MnSO4 x X H2O 0.50 g NaCl 1.00 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CoSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g CuSO4 x 5 H2O 0.01 g AlK(SO4)2 0.01 g H3BO3 0.01 g Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.01 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml First dissolve nitrilotriacetic acid and adjust pH to 6.5 with KOH, then add minerals. Final pH 7.0 (with KOH). Vitamin solution: Biotin 2.00 mg Folic acid 2.00 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 10.00 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 5.00 mg Riboflavin 5.00 mg Nicotinic acid 5.00 mg D-Ca-pantothenate 5.00 mg Vitamin B12 0.10 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 5.00 mg Lipoic acid 5.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved A vitamin solution comprised of biotin, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, vitamin B12 (cobalamin), p-aminobenzoic acid (4-aminobenzoic acid), and lipoic acid. DSMZ Medium 111 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium111.pdf 111. BEIJERINCKIA MEDIUM Glucose 10.0 g K2HPO4 0.8 g KH2PO4 0.2 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 20.0 mg MnSO4 x 6 H2O 2.0 mg ZnSO4 x 6 H2O 5.0 mg CuSO4 x 6 H2O 4.0 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 5.0 mg Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 950.0 ml Adjust pH to 6.5. Sterilize glucose separately (10 g in 50 ml H2O) and mix after cooling. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of glucose, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate, and agar. Beijerinckia medium Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 110a DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium110a.pdf 110a. CMC MEDIUM (N2/CO2) Ground beef (fat free) 500.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml NaOH 1 N 25.0 ml Use lean beef or horse meat. Remove fat and connective tissue before grinding. Mix meat, water and NaOH, then boil for 15 min with stirring. Cool to room temperature, skim fat off surface, and filter, retaining both meat particles and filtrate. To the filtrate add water to a final volume of 1000 ml, and then add: Casitone 30.0 g Yeast extract 5.0 g K2HPO4 5.0 g Resazurin 1.0 mg D-Glucose 4.0 g Cellobiose 1.0 g Maltose 1.0 g Starch (soluble) 1.0 g To make medium anoxic boil it, cool under 80% N2 + 20% CO2 gas atmosphere, add 0.5 g/l L-cysteine-HCl x H2O and dispense under same gas atmosphere into Hungate-type tubes (for strains demanding meat particles put those first into the tube (use 1 part meat particles to 4 or 5 parts fluid)). Autoclave at 121˚C for 20 min. After autoclaving adjust pH of medium to pH 7 using a sterile anoxic stock solution of Na2CO3 (5% w/v) prepared under 80% N2 + 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved An organic-rich liquic culture medium comprised of lean ground beef hydrolysate. To this, casitone, yeast extract, potassium phosphate, resazurin, D-glucose, cellobiose, maltose, soluble starch, and cysteine hydrochloride are added. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. CMC medium (N2/CO2) CMC medium Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 110 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium110.pdf 110. CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM WITH CARBOHYDRATES Ground beef (fat free) 500.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml NaOH 1 N 25.0 ml Use lean beef or horse meat. Remove fat and connective tissue before grinding. Mix meat, water and NaOH, then boil for 15 min with stirring. Cool to room temperature, skim fat off surface, and filter, retaining both meat particles and filtrate. To the filtrate add water to a final volume of 1000 ml, and then add: Casitone 30.0 g Yeast extract 5.0 g K2HPO4 5.0 g Resazurin 1.0 mg Glucose 4.0 g Cellobiose 1.0 g Maltose 1.0 g Starch (soluble) 1.0 g To make medium anoxic boil it, cool under nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.5 g/l cysteine hydrochloride and adjust pH to 7.0. Dispense anoxically 7 ml medium into Hungate tubes (for strains demanding meat particles put those first into the tube (use 1 part meat particles to 4 or 5 parts fluid)). Autoclave at 121˚C for 30 min. For agar slants use 15 g agar per 1000.0 ml medium. In some cases (as indicated in the catalogue) the addition of Haemin and Vitamin K1 or Vitamin K3 is necessary. Add to 1000 ml of medium after autoclaving: Haemin solution (see below) 10.00 ml Vitamin K1 or Vitamin K3 solution (see below) 0.20 ml Haemin solution: Dissolve 50 mg haemin in 1 ml 1 N NaOH; make up to 100 ml with distilled water and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated. Vitamin K1 solution: Dissolve 0.1 ml of vitamin K1/K3 in 20 ml 95% ethanol and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated in a brown bottle. Vitamin K3 solution: Dissolve 5 mg/ml of vitamin K3 in 10 ml 95% ethanol and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated in a brown bottle. © 2010 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved An organic-rich liquic culture medium comprised of lean ground beef hydrolysate. To this, casitone, yeast extract, potassium phosphate, resazurin, glucose, cellobiose, maltose, soluble starch, and cysteine hydrochloride are added. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. chopped meat medium with carbohydrates DSM strains: Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 78 DSM strains: 19147 Alistipes onderdonkii WAL 8169 = DSM 19147 19121 Alistipes shahii WAL 8301 2951 Anaerococcus tetradius ATCC 35098 2635 Asaccharospora irregularis DSM 2635 15896 Bacteroides acidifaciens JCM 10556 19024 Bacteroides caccae ATCC 43185 14838 Bacteroides cellulosilyticus DSM 14838 22519 Bacteroides clarus YIT 12056 20705 [Bacteroides] coagulans 26883 Bacteroides faecichinchillae JCM 17102 24798 Bacteroides faecis MAJ27 17565 Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 17565 22534 Bacteroides fluxus YIT 12057 1396 Bacteroides fragilis 2151 Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343 22535 Bacteroides oleiciplenus YIT 12058 1896 Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 21004 Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus JCM 15092 19346 Bacteroides propionicifaciens 19291 Bacteroides propionicifaciens DSM 19291 = JCM 14649 19673 Bacteroides pyogenes DSM 20611 = JCM 6294 20611 Bacteroides pyogenes 26882 Bacteroides rodentium JCM 16496 18765 Bacteroides salyersiae WAL 10018 = DSM 18765 = JCM 12988 19555 Bacteroides stercoris ATCC 43183 2079 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 2255 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 6597 Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492 1447 Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482 3289 Bacteroides vulgatus 18836 Bacteroides xylanisolvens XB1A 21032 Barnesiella intestinihominis YIT 11860 18177 Barnesiella viscericola DSM 18177 2950 Blautia producta ATCC 27340 = DSM 2950 3507 Blautia producta 19528 Campylobacter gracilis 21671 Campylobacter hominis 21682 Campylobacter mucosalis 19458 Campylobacter showae 2779 Centipeda periodontii 23941 Cetobacterium somerae ATCC BAA-474 630 [Clostridium] bifermentans 631 [Clostridium] bifermentans 666 Clostridium cochlearium 1285 Clostridium cochlearium 2153 Clostridium cochlearium 6011 [Clostridium] colinum 27543 Peptoclostridium difficile 630 27544 Peptoclostridium difficile 28645 Peptoclostridium difficile 630 12750 Clostridium drakei 2631 Clostridium fallax DSM 2631 5565 Clostridium haemolyticum 627 Hathewaya histolytica 2158 Hathewaya histolytica 1286 [Clostridium] innocuum 5566 Clostridium novyi B str. ATCC 27606 2630 Clostridium paraputrificum 10364 Clostridium pascui 10365 Clostridium pascui 10366 Clostridium pascui 10367 Clostridium pascui 628 Clostridium perfringens 2943 Clostridium perfringens 11778 Clostridium perfringens 11779 Clostridium perfringens 11780 Clostridium perfringens 11781 Clostridium perfringens 11782 Clostridium perfringens 11783 Clostridium perfringens 11784 Clostridium perfringens 11785 Clostridium perfringens 11786 Clostridium perfringens 2632 Clostridium sardiniense 2141 [Clostridium] sordellii ATCC 9714 1985 Clostridium 4029 Clostridium 633 Clostridium sporogenes 634 Clostridium sporogenes 767 Clostridium sporogenes 1446 Clostridium sporogenes 1664 Clostridium sporogenes 1294 [Clostridium] sporosphaeroides DSM 1294 2636 Clostridium subterminale 6970 Clostridium subterminale 2485 Clostridium tertium 11744 Clostridium tetani 11745 Clostridium tetani 3979 Collinsella aerofaciens ATCC 25986 15921 Coprobacillus cateniformis JCM 10604 26242 Coprobacter fastidiosus NSB1 15641 Cryptobacterium curtum DSM 15641 20708 Dichelobacter nodosus A198 23057 Dichelobacter nodosus 3992 Dorea formicigenerans ATCC 27755 27370 Dysgonomonas macrotermitis 16107 Eggerthella sinensis 25476 Enorma massiliensis phI 3989 Holdemanella biformis DSM 3989 3983 Faecalitalea cylindroides ATCC 27803 3991 [Eubacterium] dolichum DSM 3991 2593 Eubacterium limosum 2594 Eubacterium limosum 18759 Eubacterium minutum ATCC 700079 27210 Falsiporphyromonas endometrii 1645 Filifactor villosus 6740 Flavonifractor plautii DSM 6740 19678 Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme ATCC 51357 19507 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii ATCC 49256 19508 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. fusiforme ATCC 51190 15657 Guggenheimella bovis 15480 Hespellia stercorisuis DSM 15480 22815 Jonquetella anthropi DSM 22815 22070 Leptotrichia trevisanii DSM 22070 1672 Megamonas hypermegale DSM 1672 19944 Megamonas rupellensis DSM 19944 3998 Mogibacterium timidum DSM 3998 23919 Murdochiella asaccharolytica 21255 Negativicoccus succinicivorans 24967 Parabacteroides chartae 29073 Parabacteroides chinchillae 19448 Parabacteroides goldsteinii DSM 19448 = WAL 12034 23371 Parabacteroides gordonii DSM 23371 16106 Paraeggerthella hongkongensis JCM 14552 19731 Paraprevotella clara YIT 11840 19681 Paraprevotella xylaniphila YIT 11841 3032 Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus 20463 Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus DSM 20463 2949 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius VPI 4330 = DSM 2949 23041 Peptostreptococcus russellii 20707 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica DSM 20707 23058 Porphyromonas bennonis DSM 23058 = JCM 16335 15663 Porphyromonas gulae DSM 15663 23370 Porphyromonas levii DSM 23370 23386 Porphyromonas somerae DSM 23386 23387 Porphyromonas uenonis DSM 23387 = JCM 13868 23917 Bacteroides heparinolyticus ATCC 35895 13386 Prevotella nigrescens ATCC 33563 1897 Propionibacterium acnes DSM 1897 15818 Propionibacterium australiense 23940 Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus ATCC 29799 21147 Pyramidobacter piscolens W5455 23594 Selenomonas bovis DSM 23594 19578 Selenomonas noxia ATCC 43541 2479 Selenomonas sp. ATCC 33150 5675 Tissierella praeacuta An organic-rich liquic culture medium comprised of lean ground beef hydrolysate. To this, casitone, yeast extract, potassium phosphate, resazurin, cysteine, and cysteine hydrochloride are added. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium78.pdf 78. CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM Ground beef (fat free) 500.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml NaOH 1 N 25.0 ml Use lean beef or horse meat. Remove fat and connective tissue before grinding. Mix meat, water and NaOH, then boil for 15 min with stirring. Cool to room temperature, skim fat off surface, and filter, retaining both meat particles and filtrate. To the filtrate add water to a final volume of 1000 ml, and then add: Casitone 30.0 g Yeast extract 5.0 g K2HPO4 5.0 g Resazurin 1.0 mg Boil, cool under nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.5 g/l cysteine and adjust pH to 7.0. To make medium anoxic boil it, cool under nitrogen atmosphere, add 0.5 g/l cysteine hydrochloride and adjust pH to 7.0. Dispense anoxically 7 ml medium into Hungate tubes (for strains demanding meat particles put those first into the tube (use 1 part meat particles to 4 or 5 parts fluid)). Autoclave at 121˚C for 30 min. For agar slants use 15 g agar per 1000.0 ml medium. For DSM 5566 add to the autoclaved medium 1 g/l NaHCO3 from a sterile, anoxic stock solution (5% w/v) prepared under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas mixture. Adjust final pH of medium to 7.2. In some cases (as indicated in the catalogue) the addition of Haemin and Vitamin K1 or Vitamin K3 is necessary. Add to 1000 ml of medium after autoclaving: Haemin solution (see below) 10.00 ml Vitamin K1 or Vitamin K3 solution (see below) 0.20 ml Haemin solution: Dissolve 50 mg haemin in 1 ml 1 N NaOH; make up to 100 ml with distilled water and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated. Vitamin K1 solution: Dissolve 0.1 ml of vitamin K1/K3 in 20 ml 95% ethanol and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated in a brown bottle. Vitamin K3 solution: Dissolve 5 mg/ml of vitamin K3 in 10 ml 95% ethanol and filter sterilize. Store refrigerated in a brown bottle. © 2011 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved chopped meat medium DSMZ Medium 78a Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium78a.pdf 78a. CHOPPED MEAT MEDIUM FOR TREPONEMA SP. To the ready medium 78, add 50 ml/l amino acid solution and 5 ml/l vitamin solution. These solutions must not be prepared under anaerobic conditions. Amino acid solution (filter sterilized): L-Histidine 0.6 g L-Serine 0.5 g L-Glutamine 0.7 g Distilled water 50.0 ml Vitamin solution: Vitamin B12 50 mg Pantothenic acid 50 mg Riboflavin 50 mg Pyridoxamine-HCl 10 mg Biotin 20 mg Folic acid 20 mg Nicotinic acid 25 mg Nicotine amide 25 mg α-lipoic acid 50 mg p-aminobenzoic acid 50 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 50 mg Distilled water 1000 ml Stir for some hours, filter sterilize the solution. © 2010 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 78, except that an amino acid solution and vitamin solution are added. chopped meat medium for Treponema sp. DSM strains: 12168 Treponema brennaborense DSM 12168 DSMZ Medium 80 An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of peptone, beef extract, glycerol, soil extract, and agar. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium80.pdf 80. GLYCEROL-SOIL MEDIUM Peptone 5.0 g Beef extract 3.0 g Glycerol 20.0 g Soil extract 150.0 ml Distilled water 850.0 ml Agar 15.0 g Adjust pH to 7.0. Soil extract is prepared by sieving air dried garden soil through a coarse sieve and autoclaving 400 g with 960 ml of distilled water at 121˚C for one hour. After the mixture is cool and settled, the supernatant is carefully decanted, filtered through paper, autoclaved in 200 ml quantities, and stored at room temperature until cleared by sedimentation. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: 43067 Actinomadura madurae NBRC 14623 43236 Actinomadura madurae 2354 Gordonia alkanivorans 43247 Gordonia bronchialis DSM 43247 43249 Gordonia terrae 43342 Gordonia terrae 43231 Mycobacterium conceptionense 43212 Mycobacterium gordonae 43213 Mycobacterium gordonae 43222 Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum 43239 Mycobacterium phlei DSM 43239 = CCUG 21000 535 Pseudonocardia autotrophica 43103 Pseudonocardia autotrophica 658 Pseudonocardia petroleophila 43193 Pseudonocardia petroleophila glycerol-soil medium Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 79 Carrine Blank DSM strains: 621 Leucothrix mucor 5127 Leucothrix mucor DSM 2157 41682 Streptomyces hiroshimensis An organic-rich, liquid culture medium containing tryptone and synthetic seawater. Leptothrix medium http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium79.pdf 79. LEUCOTHRIX MEDIUM Tryptone 10.00 g Synthetic sea water 1000.00 ml Synthetic sea water: NaCl 24.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 11.00 g Na2SO4 4.00 g CaCl2 x 6 H2O 2.00 g KCl 0.70 g KBr 0.10 g H3BO3 0.03 g NaSiO3 x 9 H2O 5.00 mg SrCl2 x 6 H2O 0.04 g NaF 3.00 mg NH4NO3 2.00 mg Fe3PO4 x 4 H2O 1.00 mg Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.8. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 82 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium82.pdf 82. BHI-GLUCOSE MEDIUM Brain heart infusion 18.5 g Glucose 5.0 g Agar 12.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Brain Heart Infusion-glucose medium DSM strains: 43117 Actinomadura pelletieri 43118 Actinomadura pelletieri 43031 Actinoplanes auranticolor 43046 Actinoplanes missouriensis 43019 Actinoplanes philippinensis 43045 Agromyces ramosus 20651 Corynebacterium minutissimum 43037 Dermatophilus congolensis 43043 Intrasporangium calvum DSM 43043 43218 Mycobacterium diernhoferi 43058 Mycobacterium 43024 Nocardia brevicatena NBRC 12119 43005 Nocardia cyriacigeorgica 43003 Nocardia farcinica 43010 Nocardia otitidiscaviarum 43242 Nocardia otitidiscaviarum 43069 Nocardia 43027 Pseudonocardia thermophila 43188 Rhodococcus erythropolis 43113 Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula 43114 Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula 2072 Streptococcus pyogenes 2073 Streptococcus pyogenes 2074 Streptococcus pyogenes An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of brain heart infusion, glucose, and agar. BHI-glucose medium DSMZ Medium 81.1 A minerals-salts, solid culture medium that contains potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, manganese chloride, sodium metavanadate, trace elements, agar, ferric ammonium citrate and sodium bicarbonate. Prepared under an atmosphere of dioxygen, carbon dioxide, dihydrogen, and dinitrogen. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium81.pdf 81. MINERAL MEDIUM FOR CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC GROWTH (H-3) Solution A: KH2PO4 2.300 g Na2HPO4 x 2 H2O 2.900 g Distilled water 50.000 ml Solution B: NH4Cl 1.000 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.500 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.010 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.005 g NaVO3 x H2O 0.005 g Trace element sol. SL-6 (see medium 27) 5.000 ml Distilled water 915.000 ml Agar (if necessary) 20.000 g Solution C: Ferric ammonium citrate 0.050 g Distilled water 20.000 ml Solutions A, B, C are autoclaved separately for 15 min at 121˚C, cooled down to 50˚C and then mixed aseptically with 5.0 ml filter-sterilized standard vitamin solution (see below) and 10.0 ml filter-sterilized 5% NaHCO3 (pH 7-8).The final pH of this medium should be 6.8 without adjustment. For chemolithotrophic growth incubate the culture under an atmosphere of 2% (v/v) O2, 10% CO2, 60% H2 and 28% N2. For heterotrophic growth supplement the mineral medium with an appropriate carbon source (0.2% carbohydrate or 0.1% organic acid). For growth on nitrogen-free medium, omit NH4Cl and incubate the culture under an atmosphere of 2% (v/v) O2, 10% CO2, 10% H2 and 78% N2 or heterotrophically under 2% (v/v) O2 and 98% N2. For more details see Ref. 1515 and Ref. 3363. For DSM 21436 adjust pH to 5.0 and use a gas atmosphere of 10% O2, 10% CO2, 40% H2 and 40% N2 with an overpressure of 2 bar. Standard vitamin solution: Riboflavin 10.000 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 50.000 mg Nicotinic acid 50.000 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 50.000 mg Ca-pantothenate 50.000 mg Biotin 0.100 mg Folic acid 0.200 mg Vitamin B12 1.000 mg Distilled water 100.000 © 2011 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM 21436 is Thiomonas islandica DSMZ Medium 81.1 -< for DSM 21436 DSMZ Medium 81 A minerals salts, liquid culture medium containing potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, manganese chloride, sodium metavanate, ferric ammonium citrate, sodium carbonate and trace elements. Prepared under an atmosphere of dioxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and dinitrogen. mineral medium for chemolithotrophic growth (H-3) DSM strains: 653 Achromobacter ruhlandii 550 Acidovorax facilis 620 Acidovorax facilis 649 Acidovorax facilis 3314 Acidovorax 2625 Alcaligenes 5537 Alcaligenes 334 Ancylobacter aquaticus 2454 Ancylobacter aquaticus 2456 Ancylobacter aquaticus 1108 Ancylobacter polymorphus 2457 Ancylobacter polymorphus 2667 Ancylobacter polymorphus 3910 Ancylobacter polymorphus 3911 Ancylobacter polymorphus 3912 Ancylobacter polymorphus 3913 Ancylobacter polymorphus 3914 Ancylobacter polymorphus 1106 Ancylobacter 1107 Ancylobacter 2668 Ancylobacter 2669 Ancylobacter 1277 Ancylobacter vacuolatus 1124 Azohydromonas australica DSM 1124 1122 Azohydromonas lata 1123 Azohydromonas lata 1721 Azohydromonas 1722 Azohydromonas 1723 Azohydromonas 2787 Nitrospirillum amazonense 2788 Nitrospirillum amazonense Y2 2789 Nitrospirillum amazonense 1838 Azospirillum lipoferum 1840 Azospirillum lipoferum 1841 Azospirillum lipoferum 1860 Azospirillum lipoferum 2291 Azospirillum lipoferum 2292 Azospirillum lipoferum 2293 Azospirillum lipoferum 2294 Azospirillum lipoferum 1726 Azospirillum sp. A1-3 1727 Azospirillum 1842 Azospirillum 16346 Beijerinckia 1724 Beijerinckia 1755 Bradyrhizobium japonicum 1756 Bradyrhizobium japonicum 1982 Bradyrhizobium japonicum 1749 Burkholderia fungorum 11915 Chrysiogenes arsenatis DSM 11915 2839 Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 529 Cupriavidus necator 530 Cupriavidus necator 531 Cupriavidus necator 538 Ralstonia eutropha H16 539 Cupriavidus necator 540 Cupriavidus necator 541 Cupriavidus necator 428 Cupriavidus necator 430 Cupriavidus necator 515 Cupriavidus necator 516 Cupriavidus necator 517 Cupriavidus necator 518 Cupriavidus necator 542 Cupriavidus necator 543 Cupriavidus necator 544 Cupriavidus necator 545 Cupriavidus necator 546 Cupriavidus necator 547 Cupriavidus necator 551 Cupriavidus necator 30029 Cupriavidus necator 723 Derxia gummosa DSM 723 1846 Derxia gummosa 732 Herbaspirillum autotrophicum 733 Herbaspirillum autotrophicum 2913 Hydrogenobacter hydrogenophilus 15341 Hydrogenophaga defluvii 619 Hydrogenophaga flava 650 Hydrogenophaga palleronii 63 Hydrogenophaga palleronii 1034 Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava 2082 Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis 21442 Hydrogenophilus islandicus 413 Paracoccus denitrificans 415 Paracoccus denitrificans 1405 Paracoccus denitrificans 1403 Paracoccus pantotrophus 1404 Paracoccus pantotrophus 2666 Starkeya 21436 Thiomonas islandica 645 Variovorax paradoxus 646 Variovorax paradoxus 647 Variovorax paradoxus 1070 Variovorax paradoxus 1071 Variovorax paradoxus 1072 Variovorax paradoxus 30034 Variovorax paradoxus 3770 Xanthobacter agilis 431 Xanthobacter autotrophicus 432 Xanthobacter autotrophicus 597 Xanthobacter autotrophicus 685 Xanthobacter autotrophicus 1393 Xanthobacter autotrophicus http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium81.pdf 81. MINERAL MEDIUM FOR CHEMOLITHOTROPHIC GROWTH (H-3) Solution A: KH2PO4 2.300 g Na2HPO4 x 2 H2O 2.900 g Distilled water 50.000 ml Solution B: NH4Cl 1.000 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.500 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.010 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.005 g NaVO3 x H2O 0.005 g Trace element sol. SL-6 (see medium 27) 5.000 ml Distilled water 915.000 ml Agar (if necessary) 20.000 g Solution C: Ferric ammonium citrate 0.050 g Distilled water 20.000 ml Solutions A, B, C are autoclaved separately for 15 min at 121˚C, cooled down to 50˚C and then mixed aseptically with 5.0 ml filter-sterilized standard vitamin solution (see below) and 10.0 ml filter-sterilized 5% NaHCO3 (pH 7-8).The final pH of this medium should be 6.8 without adjustment. For chemolithotrophic growth incubate the culture under an atmosphere of 2% (v/v) O2, 10% CO2, 60% H2 and 28% N2. For heterotrophic growth supplement the mineral medium with an appropriate carbon source (0.2% carbohydrate or 0.1% organic acid). For growth on nitrogen-free medium, omit NH4Cl and incubate the culture under an atmosphere of 2% (v/v) O2, 10% CO2, 10% H2 and 78% N2 or heterotrophically under 2% (v/v) O2 and 98% N2. For more details see Ref. 1515 and Ref. 3363. For DSM 21436 adjust pH to 5.0 and use a gas atmosphere of 10% O2, 10% CO2, 40% H2 and 40% N2 with an overpressure of 2 bar. Standard vitamin solution: Riboflavin 10.000 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 50.000 mg Nicotinic acid 50.000 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 50.000 mg Ca-pantothenate 50.000 mg Biotin 0.100 mg Folic acid 0.200 mg Vitamin B12 1.000 mg Distilled water 100.000 © 2011 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 83 Czapek peptone agar http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium83.pdf 83. CZAPEK PEPTONE AGAR Sucrose 30.00 g NaNO3 3.00 g K2HPO4 1.00 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50 g KCl 0.50 g FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.01 g Yeast extract 2.00 g Peptone 5.00 g Agar 15.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 7.3. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Is an organic rich, solid culture medium comprised of sucrose, sodium nitrate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, iron sulfate, yeast extract, peptone, and agar. DSM strains: 43148 Actinoplanes campanulatus 43149 Actinoplanes digitatis 43146 Actinoplanes italicus 43150 Actinoplanes lobatus 43151 Actinoplanes regularis 43147 Actinoplanes utahensis 44348 Amycolatopsis eurytherma 44349 Amycolatopsis eurytherma 44467 Amycolatopsis sacchari 44468 Amycolatopsis sacchari 44469 Amycolatopsis sacchari 44470 Amycolatopsis sacchari 44592 Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina DSM 44592 44439 Gordonia polyisoprenivorans 43062 Laceyella sacchari 44438 Micromonospora aurantiaca 43127 Micromonospora chalcea 43036 Micromonospora echinospora 43171 Micromonospora halophytica 44983 Micromonospora rifamycinica 43312 Micromonospora 43313 Micromonospora 43314 Micromonospora 43024 Nocardia brevicatena NBRC 12119 44538 Nocardia veterana 44412 Nocardiopsis alba 44516 Nocardiopsis alba 44552 Nocardiopsis alba 44550 Nocardiopsis composta 44551 Nocardiopsis composta 44497 Nocardiopsis sp. 64/93 44407 Nocardiopsis exhalans 44659 Nocardiopsis sp. DSM 44659 44450 Nocardiopsis 43039 Pilimelia anulata 43040 Pilimelia terevasa 44945 Planifilum fulgidum 43177 Planomonospora parontospora subsp. parontospora 43110 Promicromonospora citrea 44525 Pseudonocardia kongjuensis 43195 Pseudonocardia saturnea 43169 Pseudonocardia 44631 Saccharomonospora azurea NA-128 43068 Saccharomonospora azurea 43017 Saccharomonospora viridis DSM 43017 43115 Saccharomonospora viridis Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 84 Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of rolled oats, agar, and trace elements. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium84.pdf 84. ROLLED OATS MINERAL MEDIUM Rolled oats 20.0 g Agar 20.0 g Trace element solution (see below) 1.0 ml Distilled water 1000.0 ml Trace element solution: FeSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.1 g ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.1 g Distilled water 100.0 ml pH 7,2 © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved rolled oats mineral medium DSM strains: 44705 Acrocarpospora macrocephala 44706 Acrocarpospora pleiomorpha 44982 bacterium 12202 43889 Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus DSM 43889 45178 Actinocatenispora rupis 44816 Actinocatenispora thailandica 44254 Actinocorallia herbida 44770 Actinomadura glauciflava DSM 44770 46198 Actinomadura latina 46201 Actinomadura latina 43380 Actinomadura madurae 43381 Actinomadura madurae 44485 Actinomadura mexicana 44197 Actinomadura namibiensis 44761 Actinomadura nitritigenes 44762 Actinomadura nitritigenes 43750 Actinomadura rubrobrunea 43751 Actinomadura rubrobrunea 44003 Actinomadura 44763 Actinomadura 43765 Actinomadura vinacea 44433 Actinomadura viridilutea 46643 Actinoplanes globisporus 44926 Actinospica acidiphila 44927 Actinospica robiniae DSM 44927 44899 Catellatospora bangladeshensis 44900 Catellatospora chokoriensis 44901 Catellatospora coxensis 44128 Catenuloplanes crispus 44578 Clavisporangium rectum 44171 Glycomyces tenuis DSM 44171 44071 Herbidospora cretacea 44127 Herbidospora cretacea 44786 Kitasatospora gansuensis 44790 Kitasatospora kifunensis 44788 Kitasatospora paranensis 44943 Kitasatospora recifensis 44789 Kitasatospora terrestris 44826 Kitasatospora viridis 43870 Kutzneria albida DSM 43870 43851 Kutzneria kofuensis 43850 Kutzneria viridogrisea 43355 Laceyella putida 43353 Laceyella sacchari 43354 Laceyella sacchari 43356 Laceyella sacchari 45262 Laceyella tengchongensis 43885 Lechevalieria flava 15081 Lechevalieria xinjiangensis 44784 Longispora albida DSM 44784 44681 Microbispora corallina 44105 Microbispora griseoalba 43166 Microbispora rosea subsp. aerata 43176 Microbispora rosea subsp. aerata 43840 Microbispora rosea subsp. aerata 43025 Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea 43165 Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea 43837 Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea 43838 Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea 43839 Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea 43143 Micromonospora coerulea 43819 Micromonospora inositola 44579 Microtetraspora malaysiensis 44487 Nonomuraea asiatica 45128 Nonomuraea bangladeshensis 43767 Nonomuraea roseola 44170 Nonomuraea roseoviolacea subsp. carminata 43041 Planobispora longispora 43051 Planobispora rosea 43178 Planomonospora venezuelensis 44746 Planotetraspora silvatica 44698 Pseudonocardia chloroethenivorans 44072 Rhodococcus opacus 43401 Saccharopolyspora hirsuta 44936 Sphaerisporangium rubeum 44325 Spirilliplanes yamanashiensis 41754 Streptacidiphilus carbonis 44847 Streptacidiphilus griseisporus 44824 Streptacidiphilus luteoalbus 42024 Streptomyces abyssalis 41644 Streptomyces aculeolatus 41781 Streptomyces bungoensis 41447 Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL 3882 41827 Streptomyces costaricanus 41984 Streptomyces endophyticus 42021 Streptomyces glycovorans 40661 Streptomyces griseus 41944 Streptomyces guanduensis 43030 Streptomyces humiferus 42104 Streptomyces klenkii 41697 Streptomyces malaysiensis 42004 Streptomyces mordarskii 41804 Streptomyces reticuliscabiei 42105 Streptomyces smyrnaeus 40689 Streptomyces 40886 Streptomyces 40887 Streptomyces 40888 Streptomyces 40889 Streptomyces 40979 Streptomyces 41373 Streptomyces 41374 Streptomyces 41375 Streptomyces 41376 Streptomyces 41377 Streptomyces 41378 Streptomyces 41379 Streptomyces 41380 Streptomyces 41381 Streptomyces 41382 Streptomyces 41383 Streptomyces 41384 Streptomyces 41356 Streptomyces 41357 Streptomyces 41358 Streptomyces 41360 Streptomyces 41361 Streptomyces 41362 Streptomyces 41363 Streptomyces 41364 Streptomyces 41365 Streptomyces 41366 Streptomyces 41367 Streptomyces 41368 Streptomyces 41369 Streptomyces 41370 Streptomyces 41371 Streptomyces 41372 Streptomyces 41298 Streptomyces 41319 Streptomyces 41327 Streptomyces 41349 Streptomyces 41350 Streptomyces 41351 Streptomyces 41352 Streptomyces 41353 Streptomyces 41385 Streptomyces 41386 Streptomyces 41387 Streptomyces 41388 Streptomyces 41389 Streptomyces 41616 Streptomyces 41617 Streptomyces 41618 Streptomyces 41619 Streptomyces 41694 Streptomyces 41924 Streptomyces specialis 42057 Streptomyces staurosporininus 41679 Streptomyces sulfonofaciens 42019 Streptomyces sundarbansensis 44293 Streptomyces thermocarboxydus 41700 Streptomyces thermocoprophilus 41740 Streptomyces thermodiastaticus 42015 Streptomyces xinghaiensis S187 42022 Streptomyces xishensis 41945 Streptomyces yanglinensis 43023 Streptosporangium album 44109 Streptosporangium brasiliense 45034 Streptosporangium canum 45033 Streptosporangium sp. 7108 43948 Streptosporangium nondiastaticum 43021 Streptosporangium roseum DSM 43021 44095 Streptosporangium rubrum 43137 Streptosporangium 43138 Streptosporangium 43394 Streptosporangium 44662 Streptosporangium subroseum 43849 Streptosporangium violaceochromogenes 43872 Streptosporangium violaceochromogenes 44112 Streptosporangium vulgare 44663 Streptosporangium yunnanense 43184 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris 43372 Thermoactinomyces vulgaris 43038 Thermobispora bispora 43833 Thermobispora bispora DSM 43833 43186 Thermopolyspora flexuosa 44794 Virgisporangium aurantiacum 44793 Virgisporangium ochraceum DSMZ Medium 86 Castenholz medium Carrine Blank An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of nitrilotriacetic acid, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium phosphate, ferric chloride, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate, cobalt chloride, tryptone, and yeast extract. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium86.pdf 86. CASTENHOLZ MEDIUM Nitrilotriacetic acid (Titriplex I) 100.00 mg CaSO4 x 2 H2O 60.00 mg MgSO4 x 7 H2O 100.00 mg NaCl 8.00 mg KNO3 103.00 mg NaNO3 689.00 mg Na2HPO4 x 2 H2O 140.00 mg FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.47 mg MnSO4 x H2O 2.20 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.50 mg H3BO3 0.50 mg CuSO4 x 5 H2O 25.00 μg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 25.00 μg CoCl2 x 6 H2O 46.00 μg Tryptone 1.00 g Yeast extract 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Adjust pH to 8.2 with NaOH. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM strains: 11376 Meiothermus cerbereus DSM 11376 11377 Meiothermus cerbereus 9957 Meiothermus chliarophilus DSM 9957 9946 Meiothermus silvanus DSM 9946 14542 Meiothermus taiwanensis DSM 14542 14543 Meiothermus taiwanensis 19627 Microcella putealis 14833 Tepidimonas aquatica 14834 Thermomonas hydrothermalis 5718 Thermonema lapsum 23/9 5719 Thermonema lapsum 625 Thermus aquaticus 12092 Thermus oshimai DSM 12092 12093 Thermus scotoductus DSMZ Medium 85 DSM strains: 43238 Mycobacterium chitae glucose peptone medium An organic rich, solid culture medium comprised of yeast extract, peptone, glucose, calcium carbonate, and agar. Given the pKa of calcium carbonate (9), the pH of the solution should be about 9.0. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium85.pdf 85. GLUCOSE PEPTONE MEDIUM Yeast extract 10.0 g Bacto peptone (Difco) 20.0 g Glucose 10.0 g CaCO3 10.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 87 An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of yeast extract, glycylglycine, sodium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ferric citrate, and trace elements. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. Chloroflexus medium (modified) Carrine Blank DSM strains: 13941 Roseiflexus castenholzii DSM 13941 9485 Chloroflexus aggregans DSM 9485 9486 Chloroflexus aggregans 635 Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl 636 Chloroflexus aurantiacus 637 Chloroflexus aurantiacus 638 Chloroflexus aurantiacus http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium87.pdf 87. CHLOROFLEXUS MEDIUM (modified) Yeast extract 1.00 g Glycyl-glycine 1.00 g Na2HPO4 x 2 H2O 0.10 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.10 g KNO3 0.10 g NaNO3 0.50 g NaCl 0.10 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 g Fe(III) citrate solution (0.1 g in 100 ml H2O) 5.00 ml Trace element solution SL-6 (see medium 27) 1.00 ml Distilled water 1050.00 ml Adjust pH to 8.2. Boil the medium under a stream of nitrogen gas for a few minutes and distribute 90 ml medium into 100 ml screw-capped bottles. Bubble each bottle with nitrogen gas and close immediately with a rubber septum and screw tight. Autoclave at 121˚C for 15 min. After autoclaving inject 1.0 ml of neutralized sulfide solution (0.015% end concentration, see medium 27) to each bottle. This medium can be stored for several months. Incubate the culture at 50˚C at a light intensity of 300 - 500 lux. For heavy cell suspension supplement periodically with sterile yeast extract solution (0.1% end concentration, for more details see Ref. 3365, 3366). © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 86a Carrine Blank DSM strains: 14542 Meiothermus taiwanensis DSM 14542 14543 Meiothermus taiwanensis modified Castenholz medium Similar to DSMZ Medium 86, except tryptone is omitted and peptone and monosodium glutamate are added. The pH is decreased to 7.8 with sodium hydroxide. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium86a.pdf 86a. MODIFIED CASTENHOLZ MEDIUM Use medium 86, but replace the tryptone with 3 g/l peptone and add 1 g/l mono sodium glutamate. The final pH should be adjusted to 7.8 with NaOH. Solid media is prepared by the addition of 2 - 2.5% agar. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 87a Carrine Blank Chloroflexus aggregans medium Similar to DSMZ Medium 87, except a vitamin solution is added and the pH is decreased to 7.5. DSM strains: 9485 Chloroflexus aggregans DSM 9485 9486 Chloroflexus aggregans 13941 Roseiflexus castenholz DSM 13941 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium87a.pdf 87a. CHLOROFLEXUS AGGREGANS MEDIUM To medium 87 add 1.0 ml/litre sterile vitamin solution CA. Vitamin solution CA Distilled water 100.0 ml Nicotinic acid 100.0 mg Thiamine-HCl x 2 H2O 100.0 mg Biotin 5.0 mg p-Aminobenzoic acid 50.0 mg Vitamin B12 1.0 mg Ca-pantothenate 50.0 mg Pyridoxine-HCl 50.0 mg Folic acid 50.0 mg Na3-EDTA 200.0 mg Adjust pH to 7.5. The solution is filter-sterilized. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 88.8 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except the concentration of yeast extract is reduced, and D-glucose and elemental sulfur are added. The pH is increased to 2.5-3.0. DSMZ Medium 88.8 -< for DSM 29099 DSM 29099 is Acidianus sp. RZ1 DSMZ Medium 88.7 Carrine Blank DSM 29038 is Acidianus sp. ALE 1 = Candidatus Acidianus copahuensis http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except potassium tetrathionate is added. The pH is increased to 2.5. DSMZ Medium 88.7 -< for DSM 29038 DSMZ Medium 88.6 Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except the concentration of yeast extract is decreased and a sulfide mineral is added. The pH is decreased to 0.8. DSM 18786 is Acidianus sulfidivorans JP7 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 88.6 -< for DSM 18786 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 88.5 DSMZ Medium 88.5 -< for DSM 16993 Carrine Blank DSM 16993 is Sulfolobus tokodaii str. 7 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except D-glucose and casamino acids are added. The pH is increased to 3.0. DSMZ Medium 88.4 DSM 9789 is Picrophilus oshimae DSM 9789 DSM 9790 is Picrophilus torridus DSM 9790 Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except the concentration of yeast extract is increased and the pH is decreased to 1.0. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 88.4 -< for DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 88.3 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 88.3 -< for DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 DSM 6482 is Sulfolobus metallicus DSM 6482 = JCM 9184 DSM 10039 is Metallosphaera prunae Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except the amount of yeast extract is reduced and elemental sulfur is added. DSMZ Medium 88.2 Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 88.2 -< for DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except the pH is increased to 3.0-3.5. DSM 5389 is Sulfolobus shibatae B12 DSM 7519 is Metallosphaera hakonensis JCM 8857 DSM 12421 is Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis DSMZ Medium 88.1 Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSM 5348 is Metallosphaera sedula DSM 5348 Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except yeast extract is omitted and elemental sulfur and a sulfide mineral are added. DSMZ Medium 88.1 -< for DSM 5348 DSMZ Medium 88 Sulfolobus medium DSM strains: 29038 Candidatus Acidianus copahuensis 18786 Acidianus sulfidivorans JP7 7519 Metallosphaera hakonensis 10039 Metallosphaera prunae 639 Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639 6482 Sulfolobus metallicus DSM 6482 = JCM 9184 5389 Sulfolobus shibatae B12 16993 Sulfolobus tokodaii str. 7 12421 Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis 18247 Thermobacillus composti KWC4 14429 Vulcanisaeta distributa DSM 14429 14430 Vulcanisaeta souniana An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferric chloride, manganese chloride, sodium tetraborate, zinc sulfate, vanadyl sulfate, cobalt sulfate, and yeast extract. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88.pdf 88. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Yeast extract (Difco) 1.00 g Distilled water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except yeast extract or other substrates), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 2.0 using 10 N H2SO4 and autoclave. Sterilize substrates separately and add to the medium after autoclaving. Yeast extract and other organic substrates are sterilized separately by autoclaving of a 10% (w/v) stock solution at neutral pH. For DSM 5348 omit yeast extract and supplement medium with 0.50 g/l powdered sulfur and 20.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., pyrite). Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and ore by heating at 150°C over night. Add sulfur and ore aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 5389, DSM 7519, and DSM 12421 adjust pH of medium to 3.0 – 3.5. For DSM 6482 and DSM 10039 reduce amount of yeast extract to 0.20 g/l and supplement medium with 5.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. For DSM 9789 and DSM 9790 use 2.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 1.0 by using 300.00 ml 0.5 M H2SO4 and 700.00 ml distilled water for the dissolving of salts. For DSM 16993 supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 1.00 g/l Casamino acids. Adjust pH of the completed medium to 3.0. For DSM 18786 use only 0.10 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 10.00 g/l sulfide ore (e.g., chalcopyrite). Sterilize ore by heating at 150 °C over night. Adjust pH of the medium to 0.8. For DSM 29038 supplement medium with 3.00 g/l K2S4O6 added to the autoclaved medium from a stock solution sterilized by filtration. Adjust pH of completed medium to 2.5. For DSM 29099 use only 0.20 g/l yeast extract and supplement medium with 1.00 g/l D-glucose and 10.00 g/l powdered sulfur. Sterilize sulfur separately by steaming for 3 hours on each of 3 successive days and add aseptically to the autoclaved medium. Adjust pH of final medium to 2.5 – 3.0. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 88b DSM strains: 2337 Thermofilum librum V24N medium An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of elemental sulfur, yeast extract, soluble starch, resazurin, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88b.pdf 88b. V24N MEDIUM Prepare medium 88 without yeast extract, then add (per litre): Sulfur, powdered 1.0 g Yeast extract 0.2 g Starch, soluble 2.0 g Resazurin 0.4 mg Na2S x 9 H2O 0.5 g Adjust the pH to 6.0 with H2SO4 (25% v/v). Prepare the medium under 100% N2 gas phase and distribute anaerobically into rubber stoppered tubes or bottles (presterilized by autoclaving). The medium is sterilized by heating 2 hours at 85 ˚C on each of two following days. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 88a.1 Carrine Blank DSM 2161 is Desulfurococcus mobilis DSM 2161 DSM 2162 is Desulfurococcus mucosus DSM 2162 Similar to DSMZ Medium 88a, except the concentration of yeast extract is increased and the pH is increased to 5.5. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88a.pdf 88a. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (ANAEROBIC) (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Sulfur, powder 10.00 g Yeast extract (Difco) 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Demineralized water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except sulfur, yeast extract and sulfide), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 4.0 using 1 N H2SO4 and sparge medium with 100% N2 gas to make it anoxic. Dispense medium under same gas atmosphere in anoxic vials and autoclave. Steam sulfur for 3 hr on each of 3 successive days. Add sulfur aseptically to the autoclaved medium while retaining anoxic conditions. Add yeast extract and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under N2 gas. Prior to inoculation check pH and adjust to 4.0, if necessary. For DSM 2161 and DSM 2162 use 1.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 5.5. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 88a.1 -< for DSM 2161 and DSM 2162 DSMZ Medium 88a Similar to DSMZ Medium 88, except elemental sulfur and sodium sulfide are added. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and the pH is increased to 4.0. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium88a.pdf 88a. SULFOLOBUS MEDIUM (ANAEROBIC) (NH4)2SO4 1.30 g KH2PO4 0.28 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 0.25 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.07 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.02 g MnCl2 x 4 H2O 1.80 mg Na2B4O7 x 10 H2O 4.50 mg ZnSO4 x 7 H2O 0.22 mg CuCl2 x 2 H2O 0.05 mg Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg VOSO4 x 2 H2O 0.03 mg CoSO4 0.01 mg Sulfur, powder 10.00 g Yeast extract (Difco) 0.50 g Na2S x 9 H2O 0.50 g Demineralized water 1000.00 ml Dissolve ingredients (except sulfur, yeast extract and sulfide), adjust pH of the salt solution at room temperature to 4.0 using 1 N H2SO4 and sparge medium with 100% N2 gas to make it anoxic. Dispense medium under same gas atmosphere in anoxic vials and autoclave. Steam sulfur for 3 hr on each of 3 successive days. Add sulfur aseptically to the autoclaved medium while retaining anoxic conditions. Add yeast extract and sulfide from sterile anoxic stock solutions prepared under N2 gas. Prior to inoculation check pH and adjust to 4.0, if necessary. For DSM 2161 and DSM 2162 use 1.00 g/l yeast extract and adjust pH of medium to 5.5. © 2015 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Sulfolobus medium (anaerobic) DSM strains: none found in BacDive DSMZ Medium 90 An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of malt extract, soy peptone, and agar. DSM strains: none found in BacDive database http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium90.pdf 90. MALT EXTRACT PEPTONE AGAR Malt extract 30.0 g Soya peptone 3.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 5.6. Sterilize at 121˚C for 10 min © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved malt extract peptone agar Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 91 An organic-rich, solid culture medium comprised of casein peptone, tryptic digest (casitone), yeast extract, sodium lactate, and agar. DSM strains: 20272 Propionibacterium acidipropionici 20273 Propionibacterium acidipropionici 20271 Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii 20270 Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii 20274 Propionibacterium jensenii 20275 Propionibacterium jensenii 20278 Propionibacterium jensenii 20279 Propionibacterium jensenii 20535 Propionibacterium jensenii DSM 20535 20276 Propionibacterium thoenii DSM 20276 20277 Propionibacterium thoenii Carrine Blank Propionibacterium agar http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium91.pdf 91. PROPIONIBACTERIUM AGAR Casein peptone, tryptic digest 10.0 g Yeast extract 5.0 g Na-lactate 10.0 g Agar 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.0 - 7.2. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 92a modified medium 92 DSM strains: 15826 Luteococcus peritonei http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium92a.pdf 92a. MODIFIED MEDIUM 92 Prepare medium 92. Add vitamin solution (see medium 131). © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank Similar to DSMZ Medium 92, except that a vitamin solution is added. DSMZ Medium 92 An organic-rich, liquid culture medium comprised of tryptic soy broth, yeast extract, and agar. trypticase soy yeast extract medium DSM strains: http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium92.pdf 92. TRYPTICASE SOY YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM Trypticase soy broth 30.0 g Yeast extract 3.0 g Agar, if necessary 15.0 g Distilled water 1000.0 ml Adjust pH to 7.0 - 7.2. © 2012 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Carrine Blank DSMZ Medium 95 DSM strains: 684 Desulfuromonas acetoxidans DSM 684 1675 Desulfuromonas acetoxidans 1676 Desulfuromonas acetoxidans A minerals-salts, liquid culture medium containing potassium phospahte, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, trace elements, sodium malate, yeast extract, resazurin, ehtanol, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium sulfide. Prepared under an atmosphere of dinitrogen and carbon dioxide. Carrine Blank http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium95.pdf 95. DESULFUROMONAS ACETOXIDANS MEDIUM Solution A: KH2PO4 1.00 g NH4Cl 0.30 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O 1.00 g MgCl2 x 6 H2O 2.00 g NaCl 20.00 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O 0.10 g Na2SO4 1.77 g Trace element solution SL-4 (see medium 14) 10.00 ml Na2-DL-malate 2.66 g Yeast extract 0.50 g Resazurin 1.00 mg Distilled water 940.00 ml Adjust pH to 6.0 with 2 N NaOH. Solution B: Ethanol 0.30 ml Distilled water 2.70 ml Solution C: NaHCO3 1.85 g Distilled water 40.00 ml Solution D: Na2S x 9 H2O 0.30 g Distilled water 10.00 ml Bring solution A to the boil, then cool down to room temperature under 100% N2 gas atmosphere. Dispense medium under same gas atmosphere in culture vessels and sterilize by autoclaving. Solutions B and D are autoclaved separately under 100% N2 gas atmosphere. Solution C is autoclaved under 80% N2 and 20% CO2 gas atmosphere. The medium is completed before use by adding appropriate amounts of solutions B, C and D to solution A. Final pH is adjusted to 7.2. © 2014 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved Desulfuromonas acetoxidans medium DSMZ Medium 115 Vibrio natriegens medium DSM strains: Carrine Blank An organic-rich, solid microbiological culture medium comprised of peptone, meat extract, sodium chloride, and agar. http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium115.pdf 115. VIBRIO NATRIEGENS MEDIUM To medium 1 add 1.5% NaCl. © 2007 DSMZ GmbH - All rights reserved DSMZ Medium 114