{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Modes\n",
    "You have 2 modes:\n",
    "    - command: the cell is highlighted blue \n",
    "    - edit: the cell is highlighted green\n",
    "    \n",
    "You switch from *command* to *edit* with Enter.\n",
    "\n",
    "You switch from *edit* to *command* with Esc."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "There are lots of keyboard shortcuts. See the Help menu for a list. There is a command palette accessible with `P` in command mode. There are actually 3 shortcuts for the command palette! `P`, `Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+P`, `Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+F`. The last 2 are useful to open the palette while in edit mode."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Markdown for comments\n",
    "Cells can contain code or text in Markdown format:\n",
    "https://www.markdownguide.org/\n",
    "\n",
    "This is useful to leave nice comments with your code. You can even use LaTeX formatting for maths equations.\n",
    "\n",
    "In *command* mode, you can switch the cell type with `m` or `y`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Why use a notebook?\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Nice comments. Useful when learning a language\n",
    "2. Easy debugging: can run command per command and print all outputs right there! The output will be recorded with the notebook\n",
    "3. Inline help: we'll see that later once we introduce Python\n",
    "4. Keeps code and outputs together: easier to remember what code made what figure !"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Inline help\n",
    "That means you can get some help/documentation on a Python object right here and there, you might not need to flip through web pages.\n",
    "\n",
    "You can use `?` in front of a variable to know the type of this variable.\n",
    "\n",
    "You can use `tab` on a variable to list all possible methods. Using `tab` on a function call will give you the docstring that lists the purpose of a function and its arguments. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = \"hello\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "?a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you are not using a notebook, you can access the same help in this way:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n",
      "\n",
      "['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']\n",
      "\n",
      "S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int\n",
      "\n",
      "Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in\n",
      "string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are\n",
      "interpreted as in slice notation.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(a))\n",
    "print()\n",
    "print(dir(a))\n",
    "print(\"\")\n",
    "print(a.count.__doc__)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## More than Python\n",
    "You can do more than Python in a notebook. Notably, notebooks use the IPython Magic commands. We'll see a few in this training. But others can be found here: https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/interactive/magics.html#\n",
    "\n",
    "They allow you to do a lot of different things: time the execution of a line of code or a cell, run an external script, run some code in another language than Python etc."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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