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{"sheet":"Sheet1","index":0,"n_rows":411,"n_cols":14,"rows_kept":411,"merged":[[1,1,1,3],[2,1,2,4],[7,2,7,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,7,10],[7,11,7,13]]}
[]
[null,"Internet Accountability Compass"]
[null,"Methodological Note 3: Indicators and their overlaps in datasets used for the IAC"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Connectivity and infrastructure",null,null,"Rights and freedoms",null,null,"Responsibility and sustainability",null,null,"Trust and resilience"]
[null,"Name of the indicator","ICT Development Index","Global Internet Shutdowns","Network Readiness Index","Freedom on the Net","Freedom in the World Index","Rule of Law Index","Global E-Waste Monitor","Global index on Responsible Al","Digital Trade and Integration Index","Global Cybersecurity Index ","Overall Resilience","Accountability Index"]
[1,"Percentage of population covered by a mobile network "]
[2,"Mobile broadband Internet traffic per mobile broadband subscription"]
[3,"Fixed-broadband Internet traffic per fixed broadband subscription"]
[4,"Mobile data and voice high-consumption basket as a percentage of GNI per capita "]
[5,"Fixed broadband basket as a percentage of GNI per capita "]
[6,"Percentage of individuals owning a mobile phone "]
[7,"Number of Internet Shutdowns"]
[8,"Combined duration of Shutdowns"]
[9,"Electricity access"]
[10,"Mobile network coverage"]
[11,"Internet access at home"]
[12,"Internet users"]
[13,"Fixed broadband subscriptions"]
[14,"Mobile broadband subscriptions"]
[15,"International Internet bandwidth"]
[16,"Secure Internet servers"]
[17,"Wikipedia edits"]
[18,"Video uploads on YouTube"]
[19,"Mobile apps development"]
[20,"5G network coverage"]
[21,"Patent applications in ICT"]
[22,"High-tech exports"]
[23,"Robot density"]
[24,"AI scientific publications"]
[25,"Adult literacy rate"]
[26,"Enrolment in secondary education"]
[27,"ICT skills among individuals"]
[28,"ICT access in schools"]
[29,"Gender equality in internet access"]
[30,"Extent of staff training"]
[31,"Use of virtual collaboration tools"]
[32,"Company investment in emerging technologies"]
[33,"Firms offering formal training"]
[34,"Organizational learning"]
[35,"Government online service index"]
[36,"Digital public services availability"]
[37,"AI readiness for government"]
[38,"Government use of ICT"]
[39,"E-participation"]
[40,"Freedom on the Net"]
[41,"Privacy protection by law"]
[42,"Cybersecurity index"]
[43,"Reliability of police services"]
[44,"Business costs of crime and violence"]
[45,"Regulatory quality"]
[46,"Digital business regulation"]
[47,"Licensing time and procedures"]
[48,"Spectrum policy"]
[49,"ICT regulatory environment"]
[50,"Income inequality (Gini index)"]
[51,"Digital gender gap"]
[52,"Rural internet use"]
[53,"Accessibility for people with disabilities"]
[54,"Social inclusion"]
[55,"ICT services exports"]
[56,"Digital competitiveness"]
[57,"Labor productivity"]
[58,"High-tech employment"]
[59,"Internet economy size"]
[60,"E-commerce uptake"]
[61,"Online freedom"]
[62,"Internet affordability"]
[63,"Digital skills gap"]
[64,"Life satisfaction"]
[65,"ICT for SDGs implementation"]
[66,"Environmental sustainability through ICT"]
[67,"ICT and education outcomes"]
[68,"Digital health readiness"]
[69,"Smart city development"]
[70,"Obstacles to Internet Access"]
[71,"Limits on Content"]
[72,"Violations of User Rights"]
[73,"Legal Environment for Internet Access"]
[74,"Availability and Cost of Internet Access"]
[75,"Government Restrictions on Connectivity"]
[76,"Control Over Internet Infrastructure"]
[77,"Blocking and Filtering of Content"]
[78,"Content Removal Requests"]
[79,"Media Diversity and Online Information Sources"]
[80,"Self-Censorship"]
[81,"Manipulated or Misleading Online Content"]
[82,"Digital Activism"]
[83,"Legal Repercussions for Online Activities"]
[84,"Surveillance and Monitoring"]
[85,"Protection of Anonymity and Encryption"]
[86,"Legal Protections for Online Privacy"]
[87,"Technical Attacks Against Users"]
[88,"Arrests and Detentions for Online Activity"]
[89,"Physical Violence and Intimidation"]
[90,"Harassment and Online Abuse"]
[91,"Electoral process"]
[92,"Political pluralism and participation"]
[93,"Functioning of government"]
[94,"Freedom of expression and belief"]
[95,"Associational and organizational rights"]
[96,"Rule of law"]
[97,"Personal autonomy and individual rights"]
[98,"Is the head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections?"]
[99,"Are the legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections?"]
[100,"Are the electoral laws and framework fair?"]
[101,"Do the people have the right to organize in different political parties or other competitive political groupings?"]
[102,"Is there a significant opposition vote and a realistic possibility for opposition parties to increase their support or gain power through elections?"]
[103,"Are the people’s political choices free from domination by the military, foreign powers, totalitarian parties, religious hierarchies, economic oligarchies, or any other powerful group?"]
[104,"Do various segments of the population (including ethnic, religious, gender, LGBT+, and other groups) have full political rights and electoral opportunities?"]
[105,"Do freely elected representatives determine the policies of the government?"]
[106,"Are safeguards against corruption strong and effective?"]
[107,"Does the government operate with openness and transparency?"]
[108,"Are there free and independent media?"]
[109,"Do individuals have the right to freely practice and express their religious faith or nonbelief in public and private?"]
[110,"Is there academic freedom, and is the educational system free from extensive political indoctrination?"]
[111,"Are individuals free to express their views in print and on the internet?"]
[112,"Is there freedom of assembly and association?"]
[113,"Are there free trade unions and peasant organizations or equivalents, and is there effective collective bargaining?"]
[114,"Is there an independent judiciary?"]
[115,"Do laws, policies, and practices guarantee equal treatment of various segments of the population?"]
[116,"Government powers are effectively limited by the legislature"]
[117,"Government powers are effectively limited by the judiciary"]
[118,"Government powers are effectively limited by independent auditing and review"]
[119,"Government officials are sanctioned for misconduct"]
[120,"Government powers are subject to non-governmental checks"]
[121,"Transition of power is subject to the law"]
[122,"Due process is respected in administrative proceedings"]
[123,"Publicized laws and government data"]
[124,"Right to petition the government and access to information"]
[125,"People can access and afford civil justice"]
[126,"Civil justice is free of discrimination"]
[127,"Civil justice is free of corruption"]
[128,"Civil justice is free of improper government influence"]
[129,"Civil justice is not subject to unreasonable delays"]
[130,"Civil justice is effectively enforced"]
[131,"Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are accessible"]
[132,"Criminal investigation system is effective"]
[133,"Criminal adjudication system is timely and effective"]
[134,"Correctional system is effective in reducing criminal behavior"]
[135,"Criminal system is impartial and free of discrimination"]
[136,"Criminal system is free of corruption"]
[137,"Criminal system is free of improper government influence"]
[138,"Due process of law and rights of the accused"]
[139,"Absence of discrimination in legal systems"]
[140,"Equal treatment of minorities and marginalized populations"]
[141,"Freedom of expression"]
[142,"Freedom of religion and belief"]
[143,"Freedom of assembly and association"]
[144,"Fundamental labor rights are protected"]
[145,"Protection of privacy"]
[146,"Freedom from arbitrary interference with privacy"]
[147,"Freedom from arbitrary interference with family life"]
[148,"Freedom from arbitrary interference with home"]
[149,"People are protected from crime"]
[150,"People do not resort to violence to redress personal grievances"]
[151,"People have access to police services"]
[152,"Police respect due process and fundamental rights"]
[153,"Police are free of corruption"]
[154,"Police do not use excessive force"]
[155,"Police are held accountable"]
[156,"Government officials in the executive branch do not use public office for private gain"]
[157,"Government officials in the judicial branch do not use public office for private gain"]
[158,"Government officials in the police and military do not use public office for private gain"]
[159,"Public officials are held accountable for misconduct"]
[160,"E-waste generated (kg per capita)"]
[161,"E-waste generated (total metric tons)"]
[162,"E-waste formally collected (kg per capita)"]
[163,"E-waste formally collected (total metric tons)"]
[164,"Collection rate (%)"]
[165,"E-waste documented as treated under environmentally sound management (ESM) (%)"]
[166,"Share of e-waste collected relative to generated (%)"]
[167,"Population covered by e-waste legislation (%)"]
[168,"Existence of e-waste legislation or regulation (Yes/No)"]
[169,"E-waste exported (as % of generated or collected)"]
[170,"E-waste recycled (metric tons)"]
[171,"Value of raw materials in e-waste (USD billions)"]
[172,"Greenhouse gas emissions potentially avoided (CO₂-equivalents)"]
[173,"Jobs in the formal e-waste sector (estimated number)"]
[174,"Households with access to e-waste collection services (%)"]
[175,"Availability of take-back systems"]
[176,"Share of countries with national e-waste policy or legislation"]
[177,"Electronic equipment placed on market (metric tons)"]
[178,"National AI Policy (frameworks and actions)"]
[179,"Impact Assessments (frameworks and actions)"]
[180,"Human Oversight and Determination (frameworks and actions)"]
[181,"Responsiblity and Accountability (frameworks and actions)"]
[182,"Proportionality and Do No Harm (frameworks and actions)"]
[183,"Public Procurement (frameworks and actions)"]
[184,"Transparency and Explainability (frameworks and actions)"]
[185,"Access to Remedy and Redress (frameworks and actions)"]
[186,"Gender equality (frameworks and actions)"]
[187,"Data Protection and Privacy (frameworks and actions)"]
[188,"Public participation and Awareness (frameworks and actions)"]
[189,"Bias and Unfair Discrimination (frameworks and actions)"]
[190,"Children's Rights (frameworks and actions)"]
[191,"Labour Protection and Right to Work (frameworks and actions)"]
[192,"Cultural and Linguistic Diversity  (frameworks and actions)"]
[193,"Competitions Authorities  (frameworks and actions)"]
[194,"Public Sector Skills Development  (frameworks and actions)"]
[195,"International Cooperation (frameworks and actions)"]
[196,"1 - Tariffs and trade defence measures applied on ICT goods"]
[197,"1.1 - Effective tariff rate on ICT goods (applied weighted average)"]
[198,"1.2 - Coverage rate of zero-tariffs on ICT goods (%)"]
[199,"1.3 - Participation in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and 2015 expansion (ITA II)"]
[200,"1.4 - Antidumping, countervailing duties, and safeguard measures on ICT goods"]
[201,"2 - Public procurement of ICT goods and online services"]
[202,"2.1 - Exclusion from public procurement"]
[203,"2.2 - Surrender of patents, source code or trade secrets to win public tenders/Restrictions on technology standards for public tenders"]
[204,"2.3 - Other limitations on foreign participation in public procurement"]
[205,"2.4 - Signatory of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) with coverage of the most relevant services sectors (CPC 752, 754, 84)"]
[206,"3 - Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in sectors relevant to digital trade"]
[207,"3.1 - Maximum foreign equity share"]
[208,"3.2 - Requirement to engage in joint ventures to invest or operate"]
[209,"3.3 - Nationality/residency requirement for directors or managers"]
[210,"3.4 - Screening of investment and acquisitions"]
[211,"3.5 - Commercial presence requirement for digital services providers"]
[212,"4 - Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)"]
[213,"4.1 - Practical or legal restrictions related to the application process for patents"]
[214,"4.2 - Practical or legal restrictions related to the enforcement of patents"]
[215,"4.3 - Participation in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)"]
[216,"4.4 - Copyright law with clear exceptions"]
[217,"4.5 - Enforcement of copyright online"]
[218,"4.6 - Adoption of the WIPO Copyright Treaty"]
[219,"4.7 - Adoption of the WIPO Performances and Phonogram Treaty"]
[220,"4.8 - Mandatory disclosure of business trade secrets such as algorithms or source code"]
[221,"4.9 - Effective protection covering trade secrets"]
[222,"5 - Telecom infrastructure &amp"]
[223,"5.1 - Passive infrastructure sharing obligation"]
[224,"5.2 - Maximum foreign equity share for investment in the telecommunication sector"]
[225,"5.3 - Presence of shares owned by the government in telecom companies"]
[226,"5.4 - Functional/accounting separation for operators with significant market power"]
[227,"5.5 - Licensing restrictions to operate in the telecom market"]
[228,"5.6 - Signature of the WTO Telecom Reference Paper"]
[229,"5.7 - Presence of an independent telecom authority"]
[230,"6 - Cross-border data policies"]
[231,"6.1 - Ban to transfer and local processing requirement"]
[232,"6.2 - Local storage requirement"]
[233,"6.3 - Infrastructure requirement"]
[234,"6.4 - Conditional flow regime"]
[235,"6.5 - Participation in trade agreements committing to open cross-border data flows"]
[236,"7 - Domestic data policies"]
[237,"7.1 - Framework for data protection"]
[238,"7.2 - Minimum period for data retention"]
[239,"7.3 - Requirement to perform a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) or have a data protection officer (DPO)"]
[240,"7.4 - Requirement to allow the government to access personal data collected"]
[241,"8 - Intermediary liability"]
[242,"8.1 - Safe harbour for intermediaries for copyright infringement"]
[243,"8.2 - Safe harbour for intermediaries for any activity other than copyright infringement"]
[244,"8.3 - User identity requirement"]
[245,"8.4 - Monitoring requirement"]
[246,"9 - Content access"]
[247,"9.1 - Blocking or filtering of commercial web content"]
[248,"9.2 - Presence of Internet shutdowns"]
[249,"9.3 - Restrictions on online advertising"]
[250,"9.4 - Licensing schemes for digital services and applications"]
[251,"10 - Quantitative trade restrictions for ICT goods and online services"]
[252,"10.1 - Import ban applied on ICT goods or online services"]
[253,"10.2 - Other import restrictions, including non-transparent/discriminatory import procedures"]
[254,"10.3 - Local content requirements (LCRs) on ICT goods for the commercial market"]
[255,"10.4 - Export restrictions on ICT goods or online services"]
[256,"11 - Technical standards applied to ICT goods and online services"]
[257,"11.1 - Open and transparent standard-setting process"]
[258,"11.2 - Self-certification for product safety"]
[259,"11.3 - Product screening and additional testing requirements"]
[260,"11.4 - Restrictions on encryption standards"]
[261,"12 - Online sales and transactions"]
[262,"12.01 - Maximum foreign equity share for investment in the e-commerce sector"]
[263,"12.2 - Limits on e-commerce purchases"]
[264,"12.3 - Licensing scheme for e-commerce providers"]
[265,"12.4 - Restrictions on online payments"]
[266,"12.5 - Threshold for ‘De Minimis’ rule"]
[267,"12.6 - Restrictions on domain names"]
[268,"12.7 - Local presence requirements for digital services providers"]
[269,"12.8 - Framework for consumer protection applicable to online commerce"]
[270,"12.9 - Ratification of the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts"]
[271,"12.10 - UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce"]
[272,"12.11 - UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures"]
[273,"National cybersecurity strategy"]
[274,"Cybersecurity strategy implementation plan"]
[275,"Cybersecurity strategy update mechanism"]
[276,"Cybersecurity strategy backed by budget"]
[277,"Legal measures covering cybercrime"]
[278,"Substantive cybercrime laws"]
[279,"Procedural cybercrime laws"]
[280,"Alignment with Budapest Convention"]
[281,"Child online protection laws"]
[282,"Sectoral cybersecurity obligations"]
[283,"Legal framework for data protection and privacy"]
[284,"Digital signature and e-commerce laws"]
[285,"Government CSIRT"]
[286,"Sectoral CSIRTs"]
[287,"Sectoral CERTs"]
[288,"National incident response plan"]
[289,"Use of international cybersecurity standards"]
[290,"Security audits for government systems"]
[291,"Security audits for critical infrastructure"]
[292,"Public procurement of secure products and services"]
[293,"Measures to protect children online"]
[294,"Cybersecurity metrics and measurement mechanisms"]
[295,"National cybersecurity agency or institution"]
[296,"Cybersecurity coordination mechanisms"]
[297,"Cybersecurity risk assessment and management framework"]
[298,"Cybersecurity certification frameworks"]
[299,"Independent audit mechanism"]
[300,"Sectoral regulatory bodies with cybersecurity functions"]
[301,"Government-private sector partnerships"]
[302,"Cybersecurity workforce planning"]
[303,"Cybersecurity awareness campaigns"]
[304,"Cybersecurity education in schools"]
[305,"Higher education programs in cybersecurity"]
[306,"Cybersecurity training for professionals"]
[307,"Cybersecurity research and development initiatives"]
[308,"Financial support for cybersecurity initiatives"]
[309,"Cybersecurity exercises and simulations"]
[310,"Public-private collaboration on cyber drills"]
[311,"Regional capacity building programs"]
[312,"International capacity building programs"]
[313,"National-level cybersecurity cooperation framework"]
[314,"Bilateral cybersecurity cooperation agreements"]
[315,"Participation in regional cybersecurity initiatives"]
[316,"Participation in international cybersecurity initiatives"]
[317,"Reporting cyber incidents to international bodies"]
[318,"Contribution to global cybersecurity standards"]
[319,"Membership in international cybersecurity fora"]
[320,"Sharing cybersecurity best practices globally"]
[321,"Participation in cybercrime conventions"]
[322,"Capacity development for law enforcement"]
[323,"Engagement with multilateral cybersecurity organizations"]
[324,"Reporting obligations to global cybersecurity databases"]
[325,"Engagement in international CSIRT communities"]
[326,"Information sharing with international partners"]
[327,"Participation in global CERT exercises"]
[328,"Adoption of international legal frameworks"]
[329,"Cross-border cooperation in cybercrime cases"]
[330,"International cooperation for critical infrastructure protection"]
[331,"Public awareness on international cyber threats"]
[332,"Integration of global cybersecurity tools and frameworks"]
[333,"Global cybersecurity threat intelligence exchange"]
[334,"Public disclosure of national cybersecurity posture"]
[335,"Gender inclusion in cybersecurity policies"]
[336,"Youth inclusion in cybersecurity activities"]
[337,"Protection of vulnerable groups online"]
[338,"Accessibility of cybersecurity initiatives"]
[339,"Cybersecurity in smart city strategies"]
[340,"Cybersecurity for the Internet of Things (IoT)"]
[341,"Cybersecurity for artificial intelligence systems"]
[342,"Cybersecurity for autonomous systems"]
[343,"Cybersecurity in financial sector regulations"]
[344,"Cybersecurity in health sector regulations"]
[345,"Cybersecurity in energy sector regulations"]
[346,"Cybersecurity in transport sector regulations"]
[347,"Cybersecurity in telecommunications regulations"]
[348,"Data breach notification requirements"]
[349,"Cybercrime reporting mechanisms for the public"]
[350,"Measures against online hate speech"]
[351,"Measures against misinformation and disinformation"]
[352,"Online consumer protection measures"]
[353,"National cybersecurity labeling or trust mark"]
[354,"Cybersecurity standards for SMEs"]
[355,"Digital ID systems with cybersecurity measures"]
[356,"10-km Fiber reach"]
[357,"Network Coverage"]
[358,"Spectrum allocation"]
[359,"Number of IXPs"]
[360,"Datacenters"]
[361,"Fixed Latency"]
[362,"Fixed Upload"]
[363,"Fixed Download"]
[364,"Fixed Jitter"]
[365,"Mobile Latency"]
[366,"Mobile Upload"]
[367,"Mobile Download"]
[368,"Mobile Jitter"]
[369,"IPv6"]
[370,"HTTPS"]
[371,"DNSSEC Validation"]
[372,"DNSSEC Adoption"]
[373,"MANRS Readiness"]
[374,"Upstream Redundancy"]
[375,"Secure Internet Servers"]
[376,"Global Cybersecurity Index"]
[377,"DDOS Potential"]
[378,"Affordability"]
[379,"Market concentration"]
[380,"AS Hegemony"]
[381,"Peering efficiency"]
[382,"Domain count"]
[383,"EGDI"]
[384,"v2x_suffr – Share of the adult population with suffrage"]
[385,"v2xel_frefair – Elections are free and fair"]
[386,"v2x_elecoff – Elected officials"]
[387,"v2x_elsuff – Election suffrage"]
[388,"v2x_cl_rol – Rule of law (core liberalism component)"]
[389,"v2lgotovst – Legislature investigates executive"]
[390,"v2lgcrrpt – Corruption in the legislature"]
[391,"v2lginvstp – Legislature questions officials"]
[392,"v2juhcind – High court independence"]
[393,"v2juhccomp – High court compliance"]
[394,"v2judexe – Executive respects the judiciary"]
[395,"v2xlg_legcon – Legislature constraints on executive"]
[396,"v2mecenefm – Media critical of the government"]
[397,"v2meharjrn – Harassment of journalists"]
[398,"v2meslfcen – Media self-censorship"]
[399,"v2csprsspt – Civil society participates in policy processes"]
[400,"v2cseeorgs – Entry and exit of CSOs"]
[401,"v2csreprss – Repression of civil society"]
[402,"v2csprsrv – Civil society receives government support"]