![](\"../../data/images/gempy_logo.png\"){kind=logo}
\n",
"\n",
"# ![](\"../images/model2.png\")
"
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"The input data is provided as already prepared CSV-files and will be loaded as Pandas `DataFrames`. The orientation file contains the orientation of the layers with with the locations of the orientations (`X`, `Y`, `Z`), the associated `formation` plus three more columns, `dip`, `azimuth`, and `polarity` indicating the dip the layer and the dip direction (azimuth, see Figure below) in degrees. The dip varies from 0° for horizontal layers to 90° for vertical layers. The azimuth varies from 0° (N) via 180° (S) to 360° (N). Here, we only provide the orientations for one layer. This will be explained later on in more detail. The `polarity` value is mostly set to 1.\n",
"\n",
"![](\"../../data/images/fig3.png\")
\n",
"\n",
"By CrunchyRocks, after Karla Panchuck - https://openpress.usask.ca/physicalgeology/chapter/13-5-measuring-geological-structures/, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=113554289\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Orientations are, apart from interface points, the second important type of input data for `GemPy`. By providing orientations, you will provide a constraint for `GemPy` for the gradient of the scalar field. This is illustrated in the figure below where the colored lines represent the calculated scalar field, the arrows represent orientations, where the azimuth of the orientation defines the direction of the greatest gradient of the scalar field and the dip represents the \"magnitude\" of the gradient (the higher the dip, the higher the gradient, the narrower the isolines). The interfaces points (blue and red dots) represent two parallel folded layers that are located on an isoline of the scalar field. The isoline of the scalar field thus represents the boundary between two layers and would be termed a surface.\n",
"\n",
"![](\"../../data/images/model2_fig1.png\")
\n",
"Source: | Structural Groups: | \n",
"
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| Fault Relations: |
| |||||||||||||||||||
\n",
"
|
\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" \n",
"
\n",
"
"
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" X Y Z id nugget\n",
"0 250.0 250.0 -250.0 6808710 0.00002\n",
"1 250.0 500.0 -250.0 6808710 0.00002\n",
"2 250.0 750.0 -250.0 6808710 0.00002\n",
"3 500.0 250.0 -50.0 6808710 0.00002\n",
"4 500.0 500.0 -50.0 6808710 0.00002"
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"\n",
"\n",
"## Map Stack to Surfaces\n",
"\n",
"During this step, all four layers of the model are assigned to the `Strata1` series. We know that the layers modeled here are parallel. If the layers were not parallel as shown in the next models, multiple series would be defined. The order within one series also defines the age relations within this series and has to be according to the depositional events of the layers."
]
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"end_time": "2022-04-02T12:33:31.174730Z",
"start_time": "2022-04-02T12:33:31.033684Z"
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| 4 | \n", "125.0 | \n", "500.0 | \n", "-150.0 | \n", "0.707107 | \n", "4.329780e-17 | \n", "0.707107 | \n", "6808710 | \n", "0.01 | \n", "
| Structural Groups: | \n",
"
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| Fault Relations: |
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\n",
"
|
\n",
"In this tutorial, you have learnt the following:
\n", "- Get a better undestanding of what orientations mean in GemPy and how to plot them using mplstereonet
\n", "- How to build a simple model consisting of folded layers belonging to one Series
\n", "\n", "
\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# Outlook\n",
"\n",
"\n", "- Get a better undestanding of what orientations mean in GemPy and how to plot them using mplstereonet
\n", "- How to build a simple model consisting of folded layers belonging to one Series
\n", "\n", "
\n",
"In the next tutorial, you will learn the following:
\n", "- Get an understanding of how faults are modeled/displayed in GemPy
\n", "- How to build a simple model consisting of faulted layers belonging to one Series
\n", "\n", "\n", "
\n",
"\n",
"[Take me to the next notebook on Github](https://nbviewer.org/github/cgre-aachen/gemgis_data/blob/main/notebooks/01_basic_modeling/model3_Faulted_Layers.ipynb)\n",
"\n",
"[Take me to the next notebook locally](model3_Faulted_Layers.ipynb)\n",
"\n",
"\n", "- Get an understanding of how faults are modeled/displayed in GemPy
\n", "- How to build a simple model consisting of faulted layers belonging to one Series
\n", "\n", "\n", "
![](\"../../jose/images/fig1.png\")
\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"## Licensing\n",
"\n",
"Institute for Computational Geoscience, Geothermics and Reservoir Geophysics, RWTH Aachen University & Fraunhofer IEG, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geotechnologies IEG, Authors: Alexander Juestel. For more information contact: alexander.juestel(at)ieg.fraunhofer.de\n",
"\n",
"All notebooks are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). References for each displayed map are provided. Most of the maps originate from the books of [Powell (1992)](https://link.springer.com/book/9783540586074) and [Bennison (1990)](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4615-9630-1). References for maps with unknown origin will gladly be added."
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