{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Regular Expression By Example\n",
    "\n",
    "- **Author:** [Chris Albon](http://www.chrisalbon.com/), [@ChrisAlbon](https://twitter.com/chrisalbon)\n",
    "- **Date:** -\n",
    "- **Repo:** [Python 3 code snippets for data science](https://github.com/chrisalbon/code_py)\n",
    "- **Note:** This snippit is based on: [http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_reg_expressions.htm](http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_reg_expressions.htm)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Import regex\n",
    "import re"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create some data\n",
    "text = 'A flock of 120 quick brown foxes jumped over 30 lazy brown, bears.'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### ^ Matches beginning of line."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('^A', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### $ Matches end of line."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['bears.']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('bears.$', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### . Matches any single character except newline."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['foxes']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('f..es', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [...] Matches any single character in brackets."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['u', 'i', 'o', 'o', 'e', 'u', 'e', 'o', 'e', 'a', 'o', 'e', 'a']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Find all vowels\n",
    "re.findall('[aeiou]', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [# ^...] Matches any single character not in brackets"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " '1',\n",
       " '2',\n",
       " '0',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " 'q',\n",
       " 'c',\n",
       " 'k',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " 'b',\n",
       " 'r',\n",
       " 'w',\n",
       " 'n',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " 'f',\n",
       " 'x',\n",
       " 's',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " 'j',\n",
       " 'm',\n",
       " 'p',\n",
       " 'd',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " 'v',\n",
       " 'r',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " '3',\n",
       " '0',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " 'l',\n",
       " 'z',\n",
       " 'y',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " 'b',\n",
       " 'r',\n",
       " 'w',\n",
       " 'n',\n",
       " ',',\n",
       " ' ',\n",
       " 'b',\n",
       " 'r',\n",
       " 's',\n",
       " '.']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Find all characters that are not lower-case vowels\n",
    "re.findall('[^aeiou]', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### a | b Matches either a or b."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A', 'a', 'a']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('a|A', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### (re) Groups regular expressions and remembers matched text."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['foxes']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Find any instance of 'fox'\n",
    "re.findall('(foxes)', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\w Matches word characters."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 116,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['quick', 'brown', 'foxes', 'jumpe', 'brown', 'bears']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 116,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Break up string into five character blocks\n",
    "re.findall('\\w\\w\\w\\w\\w', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\W Matches nonword characters."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 121,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[', ']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 121,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\W\\W', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\s Matches whitespace. Equivalent to [\\t\\n\\r\\f]."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 120,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 120,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\s', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\S Matches nonwhitespace."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 124,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['12',\n",
       " 'qu',\n",
       " 'ic',\n",
       " 'br',\n",
       " 'ow',\n",
       " 'fo',\n",
       " 'xe',\n",
       " 'ju',\n",
       " 'mp',\n",
       " 'ed',\n",
       " 'ov',\n",
       " 'er',\n",
       " '30',\n",
       " 'la',\n",
       " 'zy',\n",
       " 'br',\n",
       " 'ow',\n",
       " 'n,',\n",
       " 'be',\n",
       " 'ar',\n",
       " 's.']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 124,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\S\\S', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\d Matches digits. Equivalent to [0-9]."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 125,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['120']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 125,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\d\\d\\d', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\D Matches nondigits."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 127,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[' quic',\n",
       " 'k bro',\n",
       " 'wn fo',\n",
       " 'xes j',\n",
       " 'umped',\n",
       " ' over',\n",
       " ' lazy',\n",
       " ' brow',\n",
       " 'n, be']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 127,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\D\\D\\D\\D\\D', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\A Matches beginning of string."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 131,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 131,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\AA', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\Z Matches end of string. If a newline exists, it matches just before newline."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 135,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['bears.']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 135,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('bears.\\Z', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\z Matches end of string."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 143,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 143,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\.\\z', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 153,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 153,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\b[foxes]', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\n, \\t, etc. Matches newlines, carriage returns, tabs, etc."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 155,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 155,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\n', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [Pp]ython Match \"Python\" or \"python\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 170,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['foxes', 'Foxes']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 170,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[Ff]oxes', 'foxes Foxes Doxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [0-9] Match any digit; same as [0123456789]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[Ff]oxes', 'foxes Foxes Doxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [a-z] Match any lowercase ASCII letter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 172,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['f', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 172,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[a-z]', 'foxes Foxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [A-Z] Match any uppercase ASCII letter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 173,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['F']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 173,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[A-Z]', 'foxes Foxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [a-zA-Z0-9] Match any of the above"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 175,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['f', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's', 'F', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 175,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[a-zA-Z0-9]', 'foxes Foxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [^aeiou] Match anything other than a lowercase vowel"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 176,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['f', 'x', 's', ' ', 'F', 'x', 's']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 176,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[^aeiou]', 'foxes Foxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### [^0-9] Match anything other than a digit"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 177,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['f', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's', ' ', 'F', 'o', 'x', 'e', 's']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 177,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[^0-9]', 'foxes Foxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### ruby? Match \"rub\" or \"ruby\": the y is optional"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 180,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['foxes']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 180,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('foxes?', 'foxes Foxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### ruby* Match \"rub\" plus 0 or more ys"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 183,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['ox', 'ox']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 183,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('ox*', 'foxes Foxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### ruby+ Match \"rub\" plus 1 or more ys"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 184,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['ox', 'ox']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 184,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('ox+', 'foxes Foxes')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\d{3} Match exactly 3 digits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 188,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['120']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 188,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\d{3}', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\d{3,} Match 3 or more digits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 189,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['120', '30']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 189,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\d{2,}', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\d{3,5} Match 3, 4, or 5 digits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 190,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['120', '30']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 190,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\d{2,3}', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### ^Python Match \"Python\" at the start of a string or internal line"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 191,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 191,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('^A', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Python$ Match \"Python\" at the end of a string or line"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 192,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['bears.']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 192,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('bears.$', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### \\APython Match \"Python\" at the start of a string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 196,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 196,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('\\AA', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Python\\Z Match \"Python\" at the end of a string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 198,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['bears.']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 198,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('bears.\\Z', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Python(?=!) Match \"Python\", if followed by an exclamation point"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 204,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['bears']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 204,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('bears(?=.)', text)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Python(?!!) Match \"Python\", if not followed by an exclamation point"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 209,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['foxes']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 209,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('foxes(?!!)', 'foxes foxes!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### python|perl Match \"python\" or \"perl\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 211,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['foxes', 'foxes']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 211,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('foxes|foxes!', 'foxes foxes!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### rub(y|le)) Match \"ruby\" or \"ruble\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 212,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['es!']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 212,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('fox(es!)', 'foxes foxes!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Python(!+|\\?) \"Python\" followed by one or more ! or one ?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 213,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['!']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 213,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('foxes(!)', 'foxes foxes!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
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  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
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   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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