{
 "metadata": {
  "name": "",
  "signature": "sha256:984000ccb2968891de679cd17582d740c27d40afa65f34e374e8360adb7a2d07"
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 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "# Built-In Object Types\n",
      "\n",
      "- **Author:** [Chris Albon](http://www.chrisalbon.com/), [@ChrisAlbon](https://twitter.com/chrisalbon)\n",
      "- **Date:** -\n",
      "- **Repo:** [Python 3 code snippets for data science](https://github.com/chrisalbon/code_py)\n",
      "- **Note:**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "## Numbers"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Create a variable"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "x = 493"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 44
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### View the variable x"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "x"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 45,
       "text": [
        "493"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 45
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "## Strings"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Create a single"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "warning = \"There is an earthquake in the Pacific.\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 46
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### View the object \"warning"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "warning"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 47,
       "text": [
        "'There is an earthquake in the Pacific.'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 47
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### View the first letter of the \"warning\" string variable."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "warning[0]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 48,
       "text": [
        "'T'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 48
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### View the last letter of the \"warning\" string variable"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "warning[-1]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 49,
       "text": [
        "'.'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 49
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### View the number of characters in the \"warning\" string variable"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "len(warning)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 50,
       "text": [
        "38"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 50
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "## Lists"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Create a list of strings"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "employees = [\"Jake\", \"Steve\", \"Sarah\"]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 51
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### View the first element the list"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "employees[0]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 52,
       "text": [
        "'Jake'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 52
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Add two new employees to the list."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "employees = employees + [\"Bill\", \"Stan\"]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 53
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### View the entire new list of employees."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "employees"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 54,
       "text": [
        "['Jake', 'Steve', 'Sarah', 'Bill', 'Stan']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 54
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "## Dictionaries"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Create a dictionary of greetings"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "greetings = {\n",
      "\t'English': 'Hello',\n",
      "\t'Spanish': 'Hola'\n",
      "}"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 55
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### View the greetings dictionary"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "greetings"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 56,
       "text": [
        "{'English': 'Hello', 'Spanish': 'Hola'}"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 56
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "## Tuples"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Create a toople"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "dates = (12, 15, 92)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 57
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "## Files"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Open a new file in output mode."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "f = open('data.txt')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "ename": "FileNotFoundError",
       "evalue": "[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'data.txt'",
       "output_type": "pyerr",
       "traceback": [
        "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mFileNotFoundError\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
        "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-58-eff2ebdcabd0>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mopen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'data.txt'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
        "\u001b[0;31mFileNotFoundError\u001b[0m: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'data.txt'"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 58
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Close out the file connection."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "f.close()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "ename": "NameError",
       "evalue": "name 'f' is not defined",
       "output_type": "pyerr",
       "traceback": [
        "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
        "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-59-fa01cc0d8510>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mclose\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
        "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'f' is not defined"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 59
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "### Find Out An Object's Type"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "type(dates)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 43,
       "text": [
        "tuple"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 43
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}