'bab bde|A lotus pool in Lateral.
'bab chu rnam kyis mngon par dga' ba|A forest in Total Pleasure.
'bab chu rnam pa sna tshogs pa dang ldan pa|A mountain in Shining in Manifold Ways.
'bab chu'i sgra dang ldan pa'i nags|A forest on Great Slope.
'bab cu|A park in Delighting in Flower Garlands.
'bar ba 'dzin|One of the four pīṭhas.
'bar ba'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Devarāja (690 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'bar ba'i tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇivajra (281 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'bar ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Velāmarāja.
'bel ma|Someone who exemplifies generosity, their identity is unknown.
'bigs byed|An Indian mountain chain.
'bigs byed|A low mountain range in central India.
'bigs byed|A mountain in the south of Jambudvīpa.
'bigs byed|A range of mountains located to the north of the Narmada River.
'bigs byed|A mountain range, actually a series of mountain ranges, which extends across central India.
'bigs byed|The Vindhya Mountains are a complex, broken chain of mountain ridges, hill ranges, highlands, and plateau escarpments in west-central India.
'bod byed|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'bra go can|A village.
'bras 'phel dag|A city.
'bras 'phel|A city ruled by King Meru before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
'bras bu a la bud lta bur gcod pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
'bras bu bzhi|The four results of the hearer’s path.
'bras bu bzhi|The four fruitions of the śrāvaka vehicle: stream entry, once-returning, non-returning, and worthy one.
'bras bu che ba|The third level of the fourth concentration.
'bras bu che ba|In the Sarvāstivada tradition, the highest of the three paradises that correspond to the fourth dhyāna in the form realm.
'bras bu che ba|Twelfth god realm of the form realms, meaning “Great Fruition,” it is the third of the three heavens that make up the fourth dhyāna heaven in the form realm. Also called Asaṃjñisattva.
'bras bu che ba|The twelfth of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing an ordinary form of the fourth meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-273 .
'bras bu che|Twefth god realm of form, meaning “great fruition.”
'bras bu che|Second of three heavens of gods on the fourth concentration level.
'bras bu che|A class of gods who inhabit one of the levels in the highest heaven of the realm of form.
'bras bu che|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, third of three levels of the fourth dhyāna realm.
'bras bu che|Twelfth heaven of the form realm, it is the third of the three heavens that make up the fourth dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
'bras bu che|Lit. “Those in the Great Result.” The twelfth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the third of the three heavens that correspond to the fourth of the four concentrations.
'bras bu chos sku|Eighth of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
'bras bu dang bcas pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'bras bu dang ldan pa|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
'bras bu gsum gyi shing|The three myrobalan plants: chebulic myrobalan (Skt. harītakī), beleric myrobalan (Skt. vibhītaka), and emblic myrobalan (Skt. āmalakī).
'bras bu gsum|The combination of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminala chebula, and Terminalia bellerica.
'bras bu kun phyed|A park in Sustained by Fruition.
'bras bu rtag tu mdzas|A forest of the asuras.
'bras bu zhag lon|This substance has not been identified.
'bras bu'i sman|An acceptable form of medicine for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
'bras bus nye bar 'tsho ba|A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods.
'bras bu|Effect, result, fruit.
'bras chan|The Sanskrit is also used for a porridge made from other grains.
'bras chan|A dish of rice cooked in milk that the Buddha was offered to break his fast after six years of austerities.
'bras khu'i chu|A river that flows down from the lake Anavatapta.
'bras kyi grong khyer|A city.
'bras phung|Name of an important Buddhist site in Andhra, near Amarāvatī.
'bras zan|An acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
'bras|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
'bri ba ma yin/ 'phel ba ma yin|Also translated as “non-decrease and non-increase.” See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-061-016.html#UT22084-061-016-29 .
'bri gdong|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its seventeenth week.
'brog gnas|Name of a yakṣa general.
'brog gnas|One of the five yakṣa generals.
'brog gnas|A certain yakṣa lord tamed by the Buddha.
'brog mi lo tsA ba shAkya ye shes|Śākya Yeshé, commonly known by the title Drokmi Lotsāwa, was a Tibetan translator and important figure in the Lamdré (Tib. {lam 'bras}) lineage. Drokmi’s dates are uncertain, but Tibetan literature offers a range of possible dates beginning in 990 and ending in 1074.\nFor a hagiography of Drokmi, see Stearns 2010, pp. 83–101. For an academic appraisal of his life and works, see Davidson 2005, pp. 161–209.
'brog mi shAkya ye shes|Drokmi Śākya Yeshé, the great 11th century translator from Lhatsé in Western Tsang.
'brog mi shAkya ye shes|992 or 993 to 1043 or 1072; Tibetan translator (of an early phase of the later translation period) and important figure in the Lamdré ({lam 'bras}) lineage.
'brog tu rnam par chad pa|A city in Videha.
'bru gsug|Tib. is unrecorded in Negi. Skt. spṛkkā might possibly be Trigonella corniculata (McHugh, 2008, p 180, n30).
'bru mar bskol ba|In Āyurvedic medicine, taila can be used both internally and externally. It is produced by boiling herbs in edible oil, such as sesame seed oil.
'brug sgra bsgrags|A tathāgata.
'brug sgra dang rnga bo che'i skad kyi rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'brug sgra dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Janendra.
'brug sgra dbyangs|The 550th buddha in the first list, 550th in the second list, and 543rd in the third list.
'brug sgra mthu rtsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mārakṣayaṃkara.
'brug sgra nga ro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimuktaketu.
'brug sgra sbyangs snyan skar ma'i rgyal po me tog kun tu rgyas pa|A buddha in the distant past. Also the name of a prince in the distant past.
'brug sgra sgrogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṣemapriya.
'brug sgra'i dbyangs kyi rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
'brug sgra'i rgyal po|Son of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
'brug sgra|Attendant of the buddha Guṇāgradhārin.
'brug sgra|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
'brug sgra|Name of a nāga king; name of Rāvaṇa’s son in the Rāmāyaṇa.
'brug sgra|The 75th buddha in the first list, 75th in the second list, and 76th in the third list.
'brug sgra|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Duṣpradharṣa.
'brug sgra|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusumanetra (196 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'brug sgrogs ma|A goddess.
'brug sgrogs|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'brum bu me dbal|A bacterial infection of the skin, also called Ignis Sacer and St. Anthony’s Fire. The Tibetan means “fireflames.” Its worst form as described in the sūtra is “necrotizing fasciitis,” when the skin and flesh beneath blacken and die; it can lead quickly to death.
'brum phran|An illness such as measles or rubella, considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
'bu gsug|Tib. is unrecorded in Negi. Skt. spṛkkā might possibly be Trigonella corniculata (McHugh, 2008, p 180, n30).
'bum chen sde lnga|(1) The long Prajñā pāramitā (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh8-1.html), which contains 100,000 ślokas; (2) the Mahā pari nirvāṇa (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh119.html–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh120.html), which contains 100,000 testaments given by the Buddha at the time of his pari nirvāṇa; (3) the Ratna kūṭa (https://read.84000.co/section/O1JC114941JC14667.html), which contains 100,000 distinct names of the Buddha; (4) the Avataṃsaka (https://read.84000.co/section/O1JC114941JC14666.html), which contains 100,000 aspirations; and (5) the Laṅkāvatāra (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh107.html-https://read.84000.co/translation/toh108.html), which contains 100,000 discourses that are ways of subjugating the rākṣasas. These five sets of 100,000 features are also said to correspond to the Buddha’s body, speech, mind, qualities, and activities, respectively.
'bum ri ba'i|Literally “worth a hundred thousand.”
'bum sde lnga|(1) The long Prajñā pāramitā (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh8-1.html), which contains 100,000 ślokas; (2) the Mahā pari nirvāṇa (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh119.html–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh120.html), which contains 100,000 testaments given by the Buddha at the time of his pari nirvāṇa; (3) the Ratna kūṭa (https://read.84000.co/section/O1JC114941JC14667.html), which contains 100,000 distinct names of the Buddha; (4) the Avataṃsaka (https://read.84000.co/section/O1JC114941JC14666.html), which contains 100,000 aspirations; and (5) the Laṅkāvatāra (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh107.html-https://read.84000.co/translation/toh108.html), which contains 100,000 discourses that are ways of subjugating the rākṣasas. These five sets of 100,000 features are also said to correspond to the Buddha’s body, speech, mind, qualities, and activities, respectively.
'byams pa|A great bodhisattva.
'byor 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaskandha (301 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'byor ba'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
'byor ba|Attendant of the buddha Ketumat.
'byor ba|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
'byor byed|Attendant of the buddha Deva.
'byor byin|Father of the buddha Jñānapriya.
'byor bzang 'byor pa|An ancient king of Aṅga.
'byor dga' seng ge'i stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sumitra.
'byor dga'|A son of Bhava and half brother of Pūrṇa from Sūrpāraka.
'byor grags|Son of the buddha Gandhābha.
'byor grags|Mother of the buddha Meruprabha.
'byor ldan 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vajrasena (245 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'byor ldan grags pa|The 840th buddha in the first list, 839th in the second list, and 829th in the third list.
'byor ldan|Son of the buddha Dṛḍhavīrya.
'byor ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Nanda.
'byor ldan|Attendant of the buddha Guṇārci.
'byor ldan|Son of the buddha Guṇāgradhārin.
'byor ldan|Father of the buddha Praśāntadoṣa.
'byor ldan|The 475th buddha in the first list, 474th in the second list, and 468th in the third list.
'byor len|A son of Bhava and half brother of Pūrṇa from Sūrpāraka.
'byor pa gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vegajaha.
'byor pa'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Caraṇaprasanna.
'byor pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇaratna.
'byor pa'i blo|Attendant of the buddha Mahādatta.
'byor pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Asaṅgadhvaja.
'byor pa'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Ṛddhiketu.
'byor pa'i gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Sudatta.
'byor pa'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Arthamati.
'byor pa'i lha|Father of the buddha Ratnapradatta.
'byor pa'i mdzod|Birthplace of the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa.
'byor pa'i mdzod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nala.
'byor pa'i rgyal po|Father of the buddha Samṛddha.
'byor pa'i sgra|Birthplace of the buddha Candrārka.
'byor pa'i yon tan|Father of the buddha Vighuṣṭatejas.
'byor par gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhāgīratha.
'byor par ldan|The 220th buddha in the first list, 219th in the second list, and 219th in the third list.
'byor pa|Father of the buddha Suvayas.
'byor pa|Son of the buddha Cakradhara.
'byor pa|Attendant of the buddha Puṣpa dama sthita.
'byor pa|A householder and the father of Pūrṇa from Sūrpāraka.
'byor pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the grahas.
'byor skyob|A son of Bhava and half brother of Pūrṇa from Sūrpāraka.
'byung ba bzang po|The buddha realm of King of Thunderous Voice.
'byung ba bzang po|A past world where the Tathāgata Glorious Secret lived along with the bodhisattva Smṛtibuddhi, a past incarnation of the bodhisattva Prajñākūṭa.
'byung ba chen po bzhi|Earth, water, fire, and wind.
'byung ba chen po bzhi|The four “main” or “great” outer elements of earth, water, fire, air, and (when there is a fifth) space.
'byung ba chen po lnga po|The gross elements of earth, water, fire, wind, and space.
'byung ba chen po|The four great or gross elements are earth, water, fire, and air.
'byung ba chen po|The four elements composing the physical world: earth, water, fire, and air.
'byung ba chen po|The four major elements here are air, fire, water, and earth. The fifth element of space is often added to this list.
'byung ba chen po|The four great elements are earth, water, fire, and wind. They are called “great” because they are found in the external world as well as inside the bodies of beings.
'byung ba chen po|The four great elements of earth, water, heat, and wind do not refer to the coarse entities by the same name, but rather to minimal entities characterized by specific features (such as “hardness” for the earth element) and specific functions (such as “supporting” for the earth element). These elements are usually believed to be in principle invisible; all primary rūpa (“form/materiality”) is in principle invisible, while visibility is a type of secondary rūpa, which depends on the four great elements but is not to be confused with them.
'byung ba chen po|Depending on the context, may translate either: (a) Skt. mahābhūta, Tib. {'byung ba chen po}, the four “main” or “great” outer elements of earth, water, fire, air, and (when there is a fifth) space; or: (b) Skt. dhātu, Tib. khams, the “eighteen elements” introduce, in the context of the aggregates, elements, and sense-media, the same six pairs as the twelve sense-media, as elements of experience, adding a third member to each set: the element of consciousness (vijñāna), or sense. Hence the first pair gives the triad eye-element (caksur dhātu), form-element (rūpadhātu), and eye-consciousness-element, or eye-sense-element (caksur vijñāna dhātu)—and so on with the other five, noting the last, mind-element (manodhātu), phenomena-element (dharma dhātu), and mental-sense-element (mano vijñāna dhātu).
'byung ba pa|One of the rāśis.
'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha realm.
'byung ba'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
'byung ba'i nang spyod|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
'byung ba'i phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
'byung ba|A buddha realm.
'byung ba|A realm in the distant past.
'byung dka'|Name of a bodhisattva only mentioned in one other sūtra.
'byung gnas|A buddha realm.
'byung khungs kyi brgyan pa|An emanated mountain on the trunk of Airāvaṇa.
'byung med 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'byung med|Son of the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa.
'byung mo|A female bhūta or any nonhuman female being; in some mantras it seems to be used as a proper name.
'byung po 'dul ba|‟Tamer of Spirits,” the titular deity of the Bhūtaḍāmara Tantra; a wrathful form of Vajrapāṇi.
'byung po chen po bzhi|Earth, water, fire, and wind. Also called “four elements.”
'byung po ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'byung po mthar byed|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'byung po thams cad 'khyil ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
'byung po thams cad dbang du byed pa|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
'byung po thams cad kyi tog ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
'byung po thams cad pa|One of the rāśis.
'byung po thams cad yang dag par 'khrug par byed pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
'byung po'i bdag po|‟Lord of Bhūtas,” one of the eight bhūta kings.
'byung po'i dbang phyug ma|An epithet of Caṇḍakātyāyanī.
'byung po'i dbang phyug|‟Lord of Bhūtas,” one of the eight bhūta kings.
'byung po'i khyim|Name of place in the Adumā region.
'byung pos zin|This is likely an alternate Tibetan translation for the Sanskrit phrase *bhūtagraha, more commonly rendered in Tibetan as {'byung po'i gdon}. The phrase shares semantic resonances with the compound bhūta grahāviṣṭa/{'byung po'i gdon gyis non pa} and the Sanskrit bhūtāveśa, all of which refer to being possessed by a class of spirit (bhūta/{'byung po}).
'byung po|This can be a general name for spirits or demons, but is also used specifically for ghosts.
'byung po|A class of spirits; in the Bhūta ḍāmara Tantra this term can refer to all nonhuman beings, including gods.
'byung po|A specific class of nonhuman supernatural beings, or a term for spirits in general. They can be malevolent or benevolent.
'byung po|The name of a certain brahmin who lived in Rājagṛha.\nNot to be confused with Bhūta, the name of a merchant and a dog, and a certain class of evil beings.
'byung po|A ghost in the Indian tradition, sometimes haunting houses where they were killed. They can appear in human or animal form. They cast no shadow and their feet are always backward. In Hindi they are called bhoot.
'byung po|The name of a certain householder’s dog and the name given to the lost infant it carried home to its owner one night, which would one day be reunited with his birth mother.\nAlso the name of a certain brahmin who lived in Rājagṛha, and the name of a certain class of evil beings.
'byung zhing 'jug|A term for the mind’s propensity to be diffused outward and to engage in saṃsāric phenomena.
'chad mkhan|Son of the buddha Śāntagati.
'chag pa'i gnas|This is a straight walkway used for walking meditation, usually around forty feet long and often raised above the level of the ground. Monks walk up and down the length of it.
'chag sar byas pa|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
'chag sa|This is a straight walkway used for walking meditation, usually around forty feet long and often raised above the level of the ground. Monks walk up and down the length of it.
'char 'od|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'char ba po|The son of the court priest in Kapilavastu, the Buddha’s home town. Also called Kālodāyin (black Udāyin) because of his dark skin. He and his wife Guptā became monk and nun. He became an arhat who was a skilled teacher. However he also figures prominently in accounts of inappropriate sexual behavior that instigated vinaya rules. He and Guptā are also said to have conceived a son after their ordination.
'char ba|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'char ba|A king of Vatsa, contemporary of the Buddha; also, a king based in Ujjain, contemporary of the Buddha.
'char byed nag po|Śrāvaka arhat.
'char gyal|One of the kings of Nepal, possibly Udayadeva of the seventh century; a legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
'char ka nag po|The pupil of the Buddha who is said to be foremost in inspiring faith among laypeople.
'char ka|A hearer disciple of the Buddha.
'char ka|Name of an ascetic in a story the Buddha tells.
'char ka|King of the country of Suvīra during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
'char ka|King of Vatsa during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni. Also rendered here as “Udayana.”
'char ka|A village or town in Kosala. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-1909 .
'char ka|One of the notorious “group of six” monks whose antics and heavy-handed interference prompted a great many of the Buddha’s injunctions on conduct.
'chi 'pho med pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
'chi 'pho'i chos|The Sanskrit cyavana can also have the specific connotation of “dropping” to a lower state of rebirth upon passing away.
'chi ba med|Birthplace of the buddha Anavanata.
'chi ba rab tu 'joms pa'i gtsug tor rnam par rgyal ba|A goddess.
'chi ba rjes su dran pa|Tenth of the ten recollections.
'chi ba shes pa 'gog pa shes pa la mkhas pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
'chi ba'i 'du shes|Fifth of the six aspects of perception.
'chi bdag gi bdud|The aspect of Māra that is death itself.
'chi bdag gi bdud|This is the figurative or embodied demon of death.
'chi bdag|Ruler of the hells.
'chi bdag|Another name for King Yama (Skt. yamarāja; Tib. {gshin rje rgyal po}), the deity who judges the dead and rules over the hell realms of the underworld.
'chi med byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
'chi med rnga sgra'i rgyal po|The name of the dhāraṇī that confers rebirth in Sukhāvatī taught by the Buddha Śākyamuni in The Noble Dhāraṇī “Essence of Immeasurable Longevity and Wisdom.” Also the name of a buddha traditionally equated with Amitābha or Amitāyus. Also called Dundubhi svara rāja.
'chi med rtogs pa'i me tog 'od zer can|A buddha.
'chi med|The 64th buddha in the first list, 64th in the second list, and 65th in the third list.
'chi med|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell. Alternatively referred to as Impossible to Die ({gsod med}) in the Tibetan text.
'ching ba'i nang spyod|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
'ching chen po|A goddess of pestilence; pestilence personified.
'da' bar dka' ba'i 'jig rten|Realm of a tathāgata.
'da' bar dka' ba|Duratikramā (Difficult to Transcend) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Lotus Body Blooming from the Light of the Dharma.
'dab 'gro|One of the garuḍa kings.
'dab bdun ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'dab bzang skyes|One of the garuḍa kings.
'dab bzangs|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmamati.
'dab bzangs|A type of garuḍa: a divine creature with the body of a giant bird.
'dab bzang|A class of mythic birds, similar to and often including garuḍas. When used as a proper name, Suparṇa refers to the name of a garuḍa king.
'dab dkar|One of the garuḍa kings.
'dab gsum ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'dab ma brgya pa|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
'dab med skyes|One of the garuḍa kings.
'dab spen|Golden-fronted leafbird.
'dam bu byin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'dam bu sbyin|A town near Rājagṛha, it is home to the brahmin Tiṣya, father of Śāriputra Upatiṣya.
'dam bu sngon po|A species of reeds; according to Monier-Williams, the Arundo tibialis, or Karka.
'dam bu'i khrod|A village presumed to be near Pāṭaliputra (present day Patna) but whose exact location is unknown. Rendered in Tibetan in other texts as {sgra can} or {chu bo can}. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-012.html#UT22084-072-012-52 .
'dam bu'i tshong pa|(1) A wandering mendicant. (2) A mendicant living in Nālandā.
'dam bus byin|A great bodhisattva.
'dam bus byin|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'dam bu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'dam bu|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
'dam bu|The 265th buddha in the first list, 264th in the second list, and 264th in the third list.
'dam gyi rgyal po|A legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
'dam las brgal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gandhahastin.
'dam las rgal ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amitasvara (712 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'dam las rgal|Mother of the buddha Oghajaha.
'dam las rgal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati.
'dam rdzab med|Son of the buddha Vimalakīrti.
'das pa dang ma 'ongs pa dang da ltar byung ba'i go cha thogs pa med|A buddha.
'das pa rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
'das pa'i dus la ma chags ma thogs pa'i ye shes gzigs par 'jug go|Sixteeenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
'di lta bu 'das pa|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means accounts of the lives of past buddhas and bodhisattvas.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
'dod 'phags|Son of the buddha Mahendra.
'dod bzho yul 'khor mchod|Son of the buddha Raśmijāla.
'dod chags dang bral ba'i sa|Lit. “Desireless level.” The sixth of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
'dod chags dang bral ba'i sa|Name of the sixth level attainable by bodhisattvas, from which point there is no more rebirth. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1282 .
'dod chags rdo rje ma|Consort of Red Acala.
'dod chags rdo rje ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
'dod chags rdo rje|A deity representing the faculty of taste.
'dod chags rdo rje|A deity personifying the true nature of the faculty of taste.
'dod chags rdul bcom pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'dod chags|First of the five fetters associated with the lower realms.
'dod chags|One of the three root afflictions that bind beings to cyclic existence.
'dod chags|One of the three poisons (triviṣa), together with hatred and confusion, that bind beings to cyclic existence.
'dod chags|Passion, attachment, and/or lust. One of the affective behavior patterns or “afflictions” known as the three poisons.
'dod chags|One of the six root afflictions (Skt. mūlakleśa), often listed as one of the three poisons (Skt. triviṣa) along with anger (Skt. dveṣa) and delusion (Skt. moha).
'dod chags|One of the three basic mental afflictions (together with aversion and confusion) within which all other mental afflictions can be subsumed. The term rāga comes from the root rañj, which can also have the sense of “to color,” thus making it possible to create significant double-meanings in Sanskrit (rakta can thus mean “impassioned,” but also “red” or “blood”). Liberated beings are often described as vītarāga, “free from attraction.”
'dod dgur sgyur ba'i gzugs can|A mountain.
'dod khams|One of the three realms of saṃsāra (the other two being the form and formless realms).
'dod khams|In Buddhist cosmology, it is our sphere of existence where beings are driven primarily by the urge for sense gratification.
'dod khams|One of the three realms of saṃsāra, it is comprised of the traditional six realms of saṃsāra, from the hell realm to the realm of the gods, including the human realm. Rebirth in this realm is characterized by intense cravings via the five senses and their objects.
'dod ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
'dod len|One of the four parasites that are said to be inside the birth canals of women.
'dod lha|Another name of the king Mādhava.
'dod lha|God of love; the name of a vetāla.
'dod ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
'dod pa la 'dod pa|This term more literally translates “desire for passion” or “desire for sex.”
'dod pa la 'dun pa|First of the five obscurations.
'dod pa la chags pa|A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods.
'dod pa la mngon par zhen pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
'dod pa la rgyab kyis phyogs pa|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'dod pa mo|One of the seven types of ḍākinīs.
'dod pa mthun pa'i nags khrod|A forest near the village Icchānaṅgalā.
'dod pa mthun pa|A village.
'dod pa nges par thob|A pleasure grove in Promotion
'dod pa thams cad rjes su 'thun pa|A forest in Shining in Manifold Ways.
'dod pa'i bskor ba|A mudrā gesture formed with both hands, representing male and female sexual organs in the state of arousal.
'dod pa'i bstan bcos|A treatise on love.
'dod pa'i chu|A river in the Swan Forest.
'dod pa'i dbang phyug ma|‟Goddess of Desire,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs as well as one of the eight great yakṣinīs.
'dod pa'i dbang phyug|An epithet of a Hindu god, Kubera.
'dod pa'i dbang phyug|“Lord of Desire,” name of Kubera/Vaiśravaṇa.
'dod pa'i dbang phyug|Another name of Kāmadeva, the god of erotic love.
'dod pa'i dbang phyug|Literally “Lord of Desire.” Name of Kubera/Vaiśravaṇa, who presides over the Desire Realm.
'dod pa'i gzugs can ma|The name of a yakṣiṇī.
'dod pa'i gzugs|One of the two kṣetras.
'dod pa'i khams|The worlds where beings are reborn through their karma, from the hells up to the Para nirmita vaśa vartin paradise.
'dod pa'i khams|Of the three realms of existence, the realm whose beings are tormented by desire and attachment to material substance.
'dod pa'i khams|This realm is composed of the six classes of existence: hell beings, pretas, animals, humans, asuras, and devas. These are all existences where a being is reborn through karma. In the two higher realms beings are reborn there through the power of their meditation.
'dod pa'i khams|One of the three realms of saṃsāra, it is comprised of the traditional six realms of saṃsāra, from the hell realm to the realm of the gods, including the human realm. Rebirth in this realm is characterized by intense cravings via the five senses and their objects.
'dod pa'i khams|In Buddhist cosmology, our sphere of existence where beings are driven primarily by the urge for sense gratification and attachment to material substance. It is one of the three basic divisions of the realms of existence that constitute saṃsāra. The other two are the form realm and the formless realm. See Gethin 1998, 116–18.
'dod pa'i khams|In Buddhist cosmology, this is our own realm, the lowest and most coarse of the three realms of saṃsāra. It is called this because beings here are characterized by their strong longing and attachment to the pleasures of the senses. The desire realm includes hell beings, hungry ghosts, animals, humans, asuras, and the lowest heavens of the gods. Located above the desire realm is the form realm and formless realm.
'dod pa'i klung|A city in the asura realm called Moon Garland.
'dod pa'i lha|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'dod pa'i rdo rje dang ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
'dod pa'i srid pa|The lowest of the three planes of existence, where coarse desires for all the sense objects are present.
'dod pa'i yon tan 'di lnga|Desirable objects of the five senses: form, sound, smell, taste, and touch.
'dod pa'i yon tan lnga|Visibles, sound, scent, taste, and tangibles.
'dod pa'i yon tan lnga|The five sense pleasures are pleasing visual objects, sounds, fragrances, tastes, and tactile sensations.
'dod par bya ba|In the sense of enviable.
'dod pa|An emanated forest created upon the shoulders of Airāvaṇa.
'dod pa|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'dod sred|A member of the Śākya clan.
'doms kyi lba ba sbubs su nub|Mvy
'doms kyi sba ba sbubs su nub pa|Tenth of the thirty-two major marks.
'dom|The span between the tips of two arms extended to either side.
'dra ba med|The name of a bodhisattva prophesied to become the tathāgata presiding over the buddhafield Full of Pearls after the tathāgata King of Jewels passes into parinirvāṇa.
'dra med|Attendant of the buddha Anuddhata.
'dre bkren ltogs pa|A type of spirit whose description is very similar to pretas (Tib. {yi dags}). It is possible that this term is a translation of preta, and it appears to be essentially synonymous with it.
'dren pa'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
'dren pa'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
'dren pa'i rgyal mtshan|A great bodhisattva.
'dren pa|An epithet of a buddha.
'dren pa|When capitalized this term is an epithet of the Buddha.
'dres pa'i 'gram na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
'dres pa'i tshal|A grove in the forest known as Incomparable.
'dres pa'i tshal|“Mixed Grove.” One of the four heavenly groves outside the city of Sudarśana on Mount Meru.
'dres pa|A mountain on the continent of Kuru.
'dres pa|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
'dres pa|A forest on the third asura level, Excellent Abode.
'dre|A class of nonhuman beings traditionally associated with the wild, remote places of the earth. They are considered particularly violent and are known to devour flesh. Thus, the term was also translated into Tibetan as “flesh eater” ({sha za}).
'dri 'dod|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
'dri med 'od|A monk, main character of the sūtra Purification of Karmic Obscurations.
'drob skyong gi bu rdzogs byed|Literally, “Pūraṇa, descendant of Kāśyapa,” he was one of the six tīrthika teachers contemporaneous with Śākyamuni.
'drob skyong gi bu|(1) A ṛṣi in the past ({'drob skyong gi bu}). (2) A ṛṣi ({'od srung}). (3) A buddha in the past ({'od srung}). (4) Another name of Mahākāśyapa ({'od srung}).
'dron bzangs|Father of the buddha Pramodyakīrti.
'du 'dzi|Worldly activities such as social gatherings and performances that distract one from the Buddhist path.
'du ba|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
'du byed gsum|These are the formations of the body, the speech, and the mind.
'du byed kyi phung po|Fourth of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
'du byed mu med pa|Lit. “limitless volitional factors.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'du byed rnams|The second of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
'du byed|The various conditioning factors and circumstances that affect rebirth, including primarily (but not only) karma. Formative factors also constitute one of the five aggregates and figure as one of the links in the twelve links of dependent arising to account for how karma eventually leads to rebirth.
'du byed|One of the five aggregates, second of the twelve links of dependent origination, and in the context of the aggregates sometimes also called “volitions,” “volitional formations,” or “compositional factors,” these are complex propensities that bring about action. This term may also refer to composite objects or conditioned things in the generic sense.
'du byed|This term denotes the deep-seated predispositions inherited from past actions and experiences, some of which function in association with mind, while others do not. Karmic predispositions are critical to the Buddhist understanding of the causal dynamics of karma and conditioning. It is the collection of such countless predispositions by afflicted mental states that constitutes the obscuration of misconceptions concerning the known range of phenomena, the total eradication of which occurs only when full awakening or buddhahood is achieved.
'du byed|In its most general usage this term refers to any phenomenon has been formed, conditioned, or dependently brought into being. It is this broad use of the term that is used in the Bhava saṅkrānti sūtra when King Bimbisāra asserts that “formations are empty” ( https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-063-007.html#UT22084-063-007-52 ). The same term is also used to describe the second of the twelve links of dependent origination (pratītya samutpāda) and also the fourth of the five aggregates, where the term has a more specific usage related to those teachings.
'du byed|Second of the twelve links of dependent origination. This term denotes the deep-seated predispositions inherited from past actions and experiences, some of which function in association with mind, while others do not. Formative predispositions are critical to the Buddhist understanding of the causal dynamics of karma and conditioning. It is the collection of such countless predispositions by afflicted mental states that constitutes the obscuration of misconceptions concerning the known range of phenomena, the total eradication of which occurs only when full enlightenment or buddhahood is achieved.
'du byed|The Sanskrit term saṃskāra varies according to context. It literally means something that “causes aggregation” or “causes to be put together.” In a general sense it refers to any phenomenon that comes into being on the basis of causes and conditions. In more specific usage it is also the term describing the fourth of the five aggregates and the second of the twelve links of dependent origination. Although both of these latter uses have their own technical contexts, in both cases the term carries a more active and volitional aspect and refers to the formative factors, mental volitions, and other supporting factors that perpetuate birth in saṃsāra.
'du shes bzhi|The factual perceptions of that which is impermanent, painful, unclean, and devoid of self.
'du shes can|A bodhisattva.
'du shes dang tshor ba 'gog pa bsgrubs te gnas pa|Eighth of the eight aspects of liberation. Also the ninth of the nine serial steps of meditative absorption.
'du shes dang tshor ba 'gog pa|An advanced state of meditation corresponding to the ninth anupūrva vihāra samāpatti (the attainment of (nine) successive stages); the state of the eighth vimokṣa (liberation).
'du shes dgu|The nine perceptions of the repulsive state of the body after death are here listed as the perception of a bloated corpse, the perception of it chopped in half or the cleaned-out-by-worms perception, the perception of it as putrid, the bloodied perception, the black-and-blue perception, the savaged perception, the torn-asunder perception, the bones perception, and the burnt-bones perception.
'du shes dgu|The nine contemplations of impurity, as described in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-180 , are as follows: (1) contemplation of a bloated corpse, (2) contemplation of a worm-infested corpse, (3) contemplation of a bloody corpse, (4) contemplation of a putrefied corpse, (5) contemplation of a blue-black corpse, (6) contemplation of a devoured corpse, (7) contemplation of a dismembered corpse, (8) contemplation of a skeleton, and (9) contemplation of an immolated corpse.\nFor Pāli and Sanskrit sources relevant to the nine contemplations of impurity, see Dayal (193)2: 93–94.
'du shes drug|The six aspects of perception, as enumerated in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-184 , are: (1) perception of impermanence, (2) perception of suffering, (3) perception of non-self, (4) perception of unattractiveness, (5) perception of death, and (6) perception of disinterest in all mundane things.
'du shes kyi phung po|Third of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
'du shes log pa|A “ruler of the world” who belongs to the class of the māras.
'du shes ma mchis pa'i sems can|Lit. “Perceptionless Beings.” A heavenly realm listed in this text between the twelfth heaven of the form realm, Bṛhatphala, and the five Pure Abodes of the form realm, known collectively as Śuddhāvāsa.
'du shes med 'du shes med min gyi sems can|This refers to the category of beings abiding in the fourth and highest level of the formless realm. These are either the gods that abide there or persons who have reached this state though meditative equipoise. This state is also referred to as the “peak of existence” (bhavāgra; {srid rtse}) and is located at the apex of saṃsāra. Abiding there, such beings do not experience perceptions and yet cannot be said to be without perceptions.
'du shes med 'du shes med min gyi skye mched|The fourth meditative state pertaining to the formless realm.
'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched bsgrubs te gnas pa|Seventh of the eight aspects of liberation. Also the eighth of the nine serial steps of meditative absorption.
'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched pa|The highest of the four divine attainments (absorptions) of the formless realm.
'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched|The highest of the four formless realms, so termed because conceptions are weak in it, but not entirely absent.
'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched|A formless state, either a meditative state or its resultant realm of existence, i.e., a class of deities of the formless realm.
'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched|The highest of the four heavens of the formless realm, so termed because conceptions there are weak but not entirely absent. Also called “the peak of existence.”
'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched|Name of the fourth of the four formless realms and of the fourth formless meditative absorption, so termed because conceptions are weak in it, but not entirely absent.
'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched|The highest of the four divine concentration realms in the formless realm, and the fourth of the four formless absorptions. The other three are infinite space, infinite consciousness, and nothingness.
'du shes med 'du shes med min skye mched|The highest of the four formless realms. The term also refers to the class of gods that dwell there and the name of the fourth of the four formless absorptions. The other three realms are the station of endless space, the station of endless consciousness, and the station of nothing-at-all.
'du shes med 'du shes med min|The highest of the four formless realms, so termed because conceptions there are weak but not entirely absent.
'du shes med min gyi skye mched|Fourth of the four formless absorptions.
'du shes med min gyi snyoms 'jug|Fourth of the four meditative absorptions.
'du shes med pa'i sems can|Twelfth god realm of the form realms, meaning “Beings without Concepts,” it is the third of the three heavens that make up the fourth dhyāna heaven in the form realm. Also called Bṛhatphala.
'du shes med pa'i sems can|Lit. “Perceptionless Beings.” A heavenly realm listed in this text between the twelfth heaven of the form realm, Bṛhatphala, and the five Pure Abodes of the form realm, known collectively as Śuddhāvāsa.
'du shes med pa'i sems can|A class of beings in the form realm, and the thirteenth heaven of the form realm on a level just below the devas of the Pure Abodes. The Insentient Beings are characterized by having a body but no conscious experience at all; this state is the karmic result of an ordinary or worldly form of the fourth meditative absorption called the attainment of the meditative state without consciousness. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-14 .
'du shes med pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa|An ordinary or worldly form of the fourth meditative absorption. It is variously interpreted as a positive attainment or a counterfeit state of liberation (see Buswell and Lopez 2014, 67).
'du shes med pa|Lit. “Perceptionless.” See “Asaṃjñisattva.”
'du shes med|One of the gods’ realms, literally “Without Consciousness.”
'du shes min 'du shes med min gyi snyom 'jug|Fourth of the four types of formless meditative absorptions (caturārūpyasamāpatti, {gzugs med snyoms 'jug bzhi}) (Rigzin 369).
'du shes mu med pa|Lit. “limitless perception.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'du shes|The third of the five aggregates that comprise a living being (form, feeling, perception, formation, and consciousness).
'du shes|The mental processes of recognizing and identifying the objects of the five senses and the mind. Third of the five aggregates.
'du shes|One of the five aggregates. It is also one of the five mental omnipresent (sarvatraga, {kun 'gro}) mental factors that necessarily accompany any cognition.
'du shes|One of the five aggregates, sometimes also called “recognition” or “discrimination,” this refers to the discriminative power of the mind in relation to objects.
'du shes|The term is used in an ordinary sense in Sanskrit to mean “notion,” “sign,” “conception,” “clear understanding.” It is also used more specifically in Buddhist scholastic contexts in the phrase “the aggregate of perceptions” (saṃjñāskandha).
'du shes|Often this term is translated as “perception” or “discrimination” when it is included as the third of the five aggregates, in which case it refers to the mental function of differentiating and identifying objects according to their qualities. Thus it does not refer to the perceptions of the senses but to the conceptual notions or labels that are ascribed to sense perceptions before they may be conceived by the rational mind. In this sense, they are not really concepts or thoughts either, but rather the fundamental units ascribed to phenomena by the dualistic mind in order to form conceptual thoughts about them. Thus we have translated this as a “notion,” as the verses of the Bhava saṅkrānti sūtra emphasize the insubstantiality of the names as mere notions ascribed to phenomena, which exist as nothing other than a designation imputed by the mind.
'dud ma|A yakṣiṇī invoked in magical rites.
'dud ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'dud|The demon who assailed Śākyamuni prior to his awakening; any demonic force; the personification of conceptual and emotional obstacles.
'dul ba 'di la mi skye ba'i chos can|Someone for whom there are factors that prevent giving rise to the vows (Kalyāṇamitra, folio 292.a.4).
'dul ba 'dzin pa|Those who are expert in monastic discipline.
'dul ba 'dzin pa|A term used to designate someone who is a master of Buddhist monastic discipline.
'dul bar dka'|Birthplace of the buddha Vajrasaṃhata.
'dul ba|The section of the Buddha’s teachings that focuses on conduct.
'dul ba|The Buddha’s teachings that lay out the rules and disciplines for his followers.
'dul ba|“Discipline”; one of the Three Baskets (Tripiṭaka), the Vinaya is the body of literature on monastic discipline and training.
'dul ba|One of the three piṭakas, or “baskets,” of the Buddhist canon. It codifies the disciplined conduct and training of monks and nuns.
'dul ba|One of the three Piṭakas, or “Baskets,” of the Buddhist canon; the one dealing specifically with the code of the monastic disipline.
'dul ba|The vows and texts pertaining to monastic discipline. One of the three piṭakas, or “baskets,” of the Buddhist canon, the one dealing specifically with the code of monastic discipline.
'dul byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'dul byed|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'dum byed|A householder who was the Buddha in a former life.
'dun pa can|Attendant of Prince Siddhārtha.
'dun pa nyams pa med pa|Seventh of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
'dun pa'i ting nge 'dzin spang ba'i 'du byed dang ldan pa'i rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|First of the four supports for miraculous abilities.
'dun pa|The Bodhisattva’s charioteer.
'dun pa|Attendant of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
'dun pa|One of the four bases of miraculous power.
'dun pa|An afflictive emotion. In other contexts also for the Tib. {sred pa}.
'dun pa|One of the notorious “group of six” monks whose antics and heavy-handed interference prompted a great many of the Buddha’s injunctions on conduct.
'dun pa|A monk absent from an official saṅgha function, such as the purification, must send word he will consent to any actions taken in his absence. Such consent is sent by proxy.
'dun sa chos bzang|The assembly hall of the gods.
'dun sa chos bzang|The dome-shaped assembly hall where Indra teaches the Dharma located on the southwest side of Mount Meru.
'dus byas kyi chos|Conditioned phenomena, as described in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-415 , include the following: the world system of desire, the world system of form, the world system of formlessness, and likewise, the five psycho-physical aggregates, the four meditative concentrations, the four immeasurable aspirations, the four formless meditative absorptions, and similarly, all those [aforementioned] attributes extending from the four applications of mindfulness, up to and including the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 ).
'dus byas stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
'dus byas stong pa nyid|Seventh of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
'dus byas stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
'dus byas|Refers to all phenomena produced by causes and conditions.
'dus byas|Composed of constituent parts, whether physical or temporal; dependent on causes.
'dus byas|This term refers to composite objects in the generic sense. In other contexts, it can also refer to “formations.”
'dus ma bgyis pa|Refers to phenomena that are not produced by causes and conditions, such as nirvāṇa.
'dus ma byas kyis rab tu phye ba|This phrase occurs throughout a number of Perfection of Wisdom discourses and several other sūtras (Apple 2014). See, for example, the Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā §7https://read.84000.co/translation/toh14.html (Harrison 2006, p. 145).
'dus ma byas pa'i chos|Unconditioned phenomena, as described in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-416 , include the following: Non-arising, non-abiding, non-disintegration, and non-transformation with respect to all things, and similarly, the cessation of desire, the cessation of hatred, the cessation of delusion, the abiding of phenomena in the real nature, reality, the expanse of reality, maturity with respect to all things, the real nature, the unmistaken real nature, the inalienable real nature, and the finality of existence.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 ).
'dus ma byas pa|Not composed of constituent parts; not dependent on causes.
'dus ma byas stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
'dus ma byas stong pa nyid|Eighth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
'dus ma byas stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
'dus ma byas|Not composed of constituent parts; not dependent on causes.
'dus ma byas|Refers to phenomena that are not produced by causes and conditions.
'dus mo|Princess of Takṣaśīla, child of Padmagarbha, mother of Kātyāyana, and spouse of Riu. During the Buddha’s time she defeated all the scriptural exegetes from neighboring lands in debate.
'dus pa chen po|A collection of seventeen sūtras on a range of themes, compiled as a separate collection. Today, this collection only exists in Chinese translation, although several of the individual scriptures exist in Sanskrit and in Tibetan translation.
'dus pa chen po|An anthology of Great Vehicle Sūtras. A collection of seventeen sūtras under this title is available in Chinese translation, but The Questions of Sāgaramati is not included among them. It is thus likely that there were more than one anthology using this title.
'dus pa las gyur pa'i nad|Fourth of the four kinds of disease.
'dus pa las gyur pa|A class of spirits causing imbalance of all three humors.
'dus pa las gyur pa|A term in the Suśrutasaṃhitā that denotes a dangerous illness that results when all three humors are out of balance.
'dus pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
'dza' mag ni|One of the seven great rishis of ancient India. Also known as the father of Paraśurāma, the sixth incarnation of Viṣṇu.
'dza' man|A rishi who was a pupil of Vyāsa, the first master of the Sāmaveda and the source of the Mīmāṃsā tradition.
'dza' man|Another name of Maudgalyāyana, one of the Buddha’s two principal pupils. Kolita was the name of his home village, or was (according to The Chapter on Going Forth) a name given by his relatives meaning “born from the lap” [of the gods].
'dzam bha|An asura.
'dzam bu 'gro|Son of the buddha Gandheśvara.
'dzam bu chu bo|A divine river whose gold is believed to be especially fine.
'dzam bu chu klung gi gser gyi ri rab ri'i rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
'dzam bu chu klung gi gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
'dzam bu chu klung gi mdog dang ldan pa|An eastern buddha realm.
'dzam bu chu klung|Legendary river carrying the remains of the golden fruit of a legendary jambu (rose apple) tree.
'dzam bu chu klung|The rivers that flow down from the immense lake at the foot of the legendary Jambu tree, including the Ganges. The fruits of that tree are golden and are carried down by the rivers through Jambudvīpa.
'dzam bu chu|Legendary river carrying the golden fruit fallen from the legendary jambu (“rose apple”) tree. This term is used as an adjective for the gold found in rivers.
'dzam bu gling pa|The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can mean the known world of humans or more specifically the Indian subcontinent. A gigantic, miraculous rose-apple (jambu) tree at the source of the great Indian rivers is said to give the continent its name.
'dzam bu gling|The “Rose-apple continent,” a name for the human world in the ancient Indian cosmology, it can be translated perhaps as “this earth,” or even as “India.”
'dzam bu gling|The continent (dvīpa) on which we live which, according to ancient South-Asian cosmology, is shaped like a jambū fruit (probably Syzygium cumini, the jambolan, Malabar plum, or Java plum; or possibly S. amarangense, the Java apple, rose-apple, or wax jambu).
'dzam bu gling|“Rose-Apple Continent,” the name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can mean the known world of humans or, more specifically, the Indian subcontinent. A gigantic miraculous rose-apple (jambu) tree at the source of the great Indian rivers is said to give the continent its name.
'dzam bu gling|The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can mean the known world of humans or more specifically the Indian subcontinent. In the Kāraṇḍavyūha, Sri Laṅka is described as being separate from Jambudvīpa. A gigantic miraculous rose-apple tree at the source of the great Indian rivers is said to give the continent its name.
'dzam bu gling|The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, signifying either the known human world, or sometimes more specifically the Indian subcontinent. The name comes from the jambu (“rose apple” or “black plum”) tree said to grow near Lake Anavatapta in the continent’s northern mountains, considered to be the source of the four great rivers of India.
'dzam bu gling|The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can signify either the known human world, or more specifically the Indian subcontinent, literally “the jambu island/continent.” Jambu is the name used for a range of plum-like fruits from trees belonging to the genus Szygium, particularly Szygium jambos and Szygium cumini, and has commonly been rendered “rose apple,” although “black plum” may be a less misleading term. Among various explanations given for the continent being so named, one (in the Abhidharmakośa) is that a jambu tree grows in its northern mountains beside Lake Anavatapta, mythically considered the source of the four great rivers of India, and that the continent is therefore named from the tree or the fruit. Jambudvīpa has the vajrāsana at its center and is the only continent upon which buddhas attain awakening.
'dzam bu nad char 'bebs|A forest in Born in a Lap.
'dzam bu rgyal mtshan|An alternative name for Jambudvīpa (rose-apple continent), which means “rose-apple banner.”
'dzam bu'i chu bo rab tu gnas pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Light of the World.
'dzam bu'i chu bo'i gser gyi 'od|Mahākātyāyana’s name when he becomes a buddha in the distant future. Also rendered in Sanskrit in a shorter form as “Jāmbūnadābhāsa,” (Tibetan remains the same).
'dzam bu'i chu bo'i gser|A particularly pure gold or golden color.
'dzam bu'i chu bo'i gser|A particularly high quality of gold mined from the Jambu River.
'dzam bu'i chu bo|Mother of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
'dzam bu'i chu bo|A divine river whose gold is believed to be especially fine.
'dzam bu'i chu bo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Manujacandra.
'dzam bu'i chu bo|Legendary river carrying the golden fruit fallen from the legendary jambu (“rose apple”) tree.
'dzam bu'i chu bo|A legendary river carrying the remains of the golden fruit of a legendary rose-apple (jambu) tree.
'dzam bu'i chu bo|Name of a mythological river that carries the remains of the golden fruit of the legendary jambu (rose apple) tree.
'dzam bu'i chu klung|Attendant of the buddha Amoghadarśin.
'dzam bu'i chu klung|Birthplace of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja.
'dzam bu'i chu klung|Legendary river carrying the golden fruit fallen from the legendary jambu (“rose apple”) tree. This term is used as an adjective for the gold found in rivers. When used as an adjective, the Sanskrit is jāmbūnada.
'dzam bu'i gling gi phreng ba|An island to the north of Jambudvīpa.
'dzam bu'i gling gi rgya mtsho'i rlabs|An ocean far off the coast of Jambudvīpa.
'dzam bu'i gling gi tshe lo'i grangs|The length of a year as experienced by a sentient being born on Jambudvīpa in the desire realm.
'dzam bu'i gling|The continent to the south of Mount Sumeru, according to Abhidharma cosmology, which is the continent (dvīpa) on which we live.
'dzam bu'i gling|“Rose Apple Island,” this was the name commonly used for one of the four great continents of ancient Buddhist cosmology, generally understood to refer to the Indian subcontinent.
'dzam bu'i gling|The continent (dvīpa) on which we live, which according to ancient South-Asian cosmology is shaped like a jambū fruit (probably Syzygium cumini, the jambolan, Malabar plum, or Java plum; or possibly S. amarangense, the Java apple, rose apple, or wax jambu).
'dzam bu'i gling|The southern continent where humans live according to ancient South Asian cosmology. For one explanation of the name, see Exposition of Karma, Toh 338, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh281.html. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-122 in the present text.
'dzam bu'i gling|The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can mean the known world of humans or, more specifically, the Indian subcontinent. In the Karaṇḍavyūha Sūtra, Sri Lanka is described as being separate from Jambudvīpa. A gigantic miraculous rose-apple tree at the source of the great Indian rivers is said to give the continent its name.
'dzam bu'i gling|The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can signify either the known human world, or more specifically the Indian subcontinent, literally “the jambu island/continent.” jambu is the name used for a range of plum-like fruits from trees belonging to the genus Szygium, particularly Szygium jambos and Szygium cumini, and has commonly been rendered “rose apple” although “black plum” may be a less misleading term. Among various explanations given for the continent being so named, one (in the Abhidharmakośa) is that a jambu tree grows in its northern mountains beside Lake Anavatapta, mythically considered the source of the four great rivers of India, and that the continent is therefore named after the tree or the fruit. Jambudvīpa has the vajrāsana at its center and is the only continent upon which buddhas attain awakening.
'dzam bu'i gser|A particularly fine type of gold deposited in the Jambū river, sometimes said to be remains of the fruits from the rose-apple trees growing there which fall into the river and are consumed.
'dzam bu'i mchog|Mother of the buddha Vaidya.
'dzam bu'i phug|Caves on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Kāśyapa.
'dzam bu'i rgyal mtshan|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'dzam bu'i rgyal mtshan|An alternative name for Jambudvīpa meaning “rose-apple banner.”
'dzam bu'i shing|Syzygium cumini. At present mainly called the jambul tree, it is the Indian version among the various species of rose apple trees.
'dzam bu|A celestial river flowing from Mount Sumeru.
'dzam bu|A river whose gold is believed to be especially good.
'dzam bu|A divine river whose gold is believed to be especially fine.
'dzam bu|Syzygium cumini according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
'dzam bu|River carrying the remains of the golden fruit of a legendary jambu (rose apple) tree.
'dzam bu|Legendary river carrying the golden fruit fallen from the legendary jambu (“rose apple”) tree. This term is used as an adjective for the gold found in rivers.
'dzam gling|The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, which can signify either the known human world, or more specifically the Indian subcontinent, literally “the jambu island/continent.” Jambu is the name used for a range of plum-like fruits from trees belonging to the genus Szygium, particularly Szygium jambos and Szygium cumini, and has commonly been rendered “rose apple” although “black plum” may be a less misleading term. Among various explanations given for the continent being so named, one (in the Abhidharmakośa) is that a jambu tree grows in its northern mountains beside Lake Anavatapta, mythically considered the source of the four great rivers of India, and that the continent is therefore named from the tree or the fruit. Jambudvīpa has the vajrāsana at its center and is the only continent upon which buddhas attain awakening.
'dzam|A mythical, divine river.
'dzangs pa|A hearer.
'dzin byed kyi bu|Son of the high brahmin Grasping of Rājagṛha. As he was lying ill, Venerable Śāriputra gave him a teaching on the four immeasurables. Admonishing Venerable Śāriputra for a lack of foresight, the Buddha then gave him an additional teaching on the four noble truths, leading him to manifest the resultant state of a non-returner and take rebirth as a god.
'dzin byed|A certain high brahmin of Rājagṛha, father of Son of Grasping.
'dzin khri|“A rapacious animal living in fresh or sea water, any large fish or marine animal (crocodile, shark, serpent, Gangetic alligator, water elephant, or hippopotamus)” (Monier-Williams).
'dzin med|A buddha realm.
'dzin med|A householder in this sūtra.
'dzin pa dpag med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja.
'dzin pa dpag med|The 228th buddha in the first list, 227th in the second list, and 227th in the third list.
'dzin pa|Can also mean to memorize, retain, or grasp.
'gag myed|The Buddha’s cousin and one of his ten principal pupils, he was renowned for his clairvoyance. Often translated elsewhere as {ma 'gags pa}.
'gag pa med pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
'gags pa med pa|Śrāvaka arhat.
'gal ba dang 'gog pa med pa|Name of the ninety-eighth meditative stability.
'gal ba dang 'gog pa thams cad yang dag par zhi ba|Lit. “pacifier of all obstruction and stopping.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'go ba'i nad|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
'gog pa 'phags pa'i bden pa|Third of the four noble truths.
'gog pa mthong ba|A king; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
'gog pa shes pa|Seventh of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
'gog pa thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ketu.
'gog par gzhol ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'gog pa|The third Noble Truth, equivalent to nirvāṇa.
'gor ba med par 'gro ba|A class of vidyādharas.
'gos lhas btsas|11th century translator and teacher of Guhya samāja tantra.
'gram dngar|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
'gram pa seng ge'i 'dra ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the ninth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
'gram pa seng ge'i dang 'dra ba|Twentieth of the thirty-two major marks.
'gram|A cupola covering each of the four gates of the maṇḍala.
'gran zla ma|A yakṣiṇī.
'gro 'dod|One of the eight nāga ladies.
'gro ba 'dzin pa|Name of a bodhisattva.
'gro ba 'dzin|A great bodhisattva.
'gro ba 'dzin|Name of a bodhisattva.
'gro ba 'dzin|Mother of the buddha Surabhigandha.
'gro ba 'dzin|Literally “Holder of Beings.” A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
'gro ba 'dzin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kusumanetra.
'gro ba 'dzin|A bodhisattva layman of Vaiśālī, who is saved by Vimalakīrti from being fooled by Māra posing as Indra. This bodhisattva is mentioned in Mvy, No. 728, and in the Rāṣṭra pāla paripṛccha (Toh 62, in the Ratnakūṭa; see Lamotte, p. 204, n. 120 and Vienna Buddhist Studies Translation Group, trans., https://read.84000.co/translation/toh62.html#UT22084-042-003-39 , 1.2).
'gro ba brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśottara.
'gro ba bskyong ma|‟Protectress of the World,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs.
'gro ba dang yang dag par ldan pa|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
'gro ba dga'|Attendant of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
'gro ba dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
'gro ba dga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Subāhu (462 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'gro ba drug|Gods, asuras, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings.
'gro ba drug|Life as a being in hell, an animal, a ghost, a human, an asura, and a god.
'gro ba drug|The possible six types of rebirth in any of the six realms of cyclic existence.
'gro ba drug|The six destinies correspond to the six realms of Buddhist cosmogony (i.e., gods, demigods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts and hell beings).
'gro ba grub pa|A bodhisattva.
'gro ba kun gyi bla ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pūritāṅga.
'gro ba lnga las yang dag par 'das pa|Buddhas have transcended rebirth as a god, human, hell being, animal, and spirit.
'gro ba lnga po|These comprise the gods and humans in the higher realms within saṃsāra, plus the animals, ghosts, and denizens of hell in the lower realms.
'gro ba lnga|These comprise the gods and humans of the higher realms within saṃsāra, along with the animals, hungry spirits, and hell beings of the lower realms.
'gro ba lnga|A shorter form of the six classes of beings, these are: (1) hell beings, (2) anguished spirits, (3) animals, (4) human beings, and (5) gods. The fifth category is divided into gods and demigods when six realms are enumerated.
'gro ba lnga|These comprise gods and humans of the higher realms within cyclic existence, along with animals, starving spirits, and the hell dwellers, whose abodes are identified with the lower realms. It is also common to divide the god realm in two, the gods and the asuras, making up six realms or classes of beings ({'gro ba drug}, ṣaḍgati or {rigs drug}, ṣaṭkula).
'gro ba lta|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṅgha.
'gro ba lta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṇicandra.
'gro ba med pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
'gro ba mes 'jig|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
'gro ba mtha' yas|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'gro ba rnam pa lnga|These comprise the gods and humans in the higher realms within saṃsāra, plus the animals, ghosts, and denizens of hell in the lower realms.
'gro ba sdug bsngal thams cad dbugs 'byin pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
'gro ba thams cad bsrung ba'i smon lam la brtson pa'i 'od|A night goddess at the bodhimaṇḍa.
'gro ba thams cad dad pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sthitagandha.
'gro ba thams cad kyi gtso bo|Name of a dance instructor in a story Buddha tells.
'gro ba thams cad la mngon du gyur pa'i sgron ma|“The Lamp of the Manifestation of All Beings.” The name of a ray of light.
'gro ba thams cad la phan pa'i smon lam zla ba|The second of five hundred buddhas in a kalpa in the distant future.
'gro ba thams cad la snang ba'i mar me|A bodhisattva.
'gro ba thams cad las 'das|A buddha.
'gro ba thams cad mi 'byung bar gyur pa|Son of the buddha Sthitagandha.
'gro ba thams cad mngon gzugs|The seventy-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
'gro ba thams cad na rgyan gyi dam pa phul|The palace of Mahābrahmā. The name could be translated as “The Essence of the Array of All Worlds.” Jagad can also mean “beings” and therefore is regularly translated as {'gro ba} (“beings”) in this sūtra. Here garbha, usually meaning “essence,” is translated as {phul} (“perfection”).
'gro ba thams cad rab tu zhi bar byed pa'i snang ba thob pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthitagandha.
'gro ba thams cad sdug bsngal rab tu zhi bar bya ba'i dbugs 'byin pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
'gro ba thams cad so sor bag yangs ba|A buddha.
'gro ba'i 'od zer|Son of the buddha Dhārmika.
'gro ba'i 'od zer|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Meruyaśas.
'gro ba'i 'od zer|The 234th buddha in the first list, 233rd in the second list, and 233rd in the third list.
'gro ba'i 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaprabha (554 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'gro ba'i blo gros|The 938th buddha in the first list, 937th in the second list, and 928th in the third list.
'gro ba'i bshes gnyen|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'gro ba'i bshes gnyen|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suviniścitārtha.
'gro ba'i dbang phyug|A garuḍa.
'gro ba'i dbang phyug|Father of the buddha Abhyudgata.
'gro ba'i dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anāvilārtha.
'gro ba'i dbang phyug|The 928th buddha in the first list, 927th in the second list, and 918th in the third list.
'gro ba'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
'gro ba'i dbang po|A great bodhisattva.
'gro ba'i dpa' mo|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
'gro ba'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Maruttejas.
'gro ba'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāganandin.
'gro ba'i mchod rten|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhahanu.
'gro ba'i mchog|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
'gro ba'i mu stegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Toṣitatejas (573 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'gro ba'i zla ba spyan tshul|The thirty-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
'gro bar dga'|Son of the buddha Druma.
'gro bas mchod|Mother of the buddha Abhaya.
'gro bas mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmakīrti.
'gro bas mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pūjya.
'gro ba|Birthplace of the buddha Mahābāhu.
'gro ba|Any of the five or six types of rebirth.
'gro ba|The five states of existence refer to the five destinies of birth as a god, as a human, as an animal, as a preta (or “hungry ghost”), and in the hells.
'gro dad gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dhārmika.
'gro dga'|Mother of the buddha Siṃhahastin.
'gro dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Anunnata.
'gro don grub|Son of the buddha Surūpa.
'gro don grub|Birthplace of the buddha Prāmodyarāja.
'gro don skyong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthitārtha.
'gro gtso|Attendant of the buddha Varuṇa.
'gro kun rnam par 'joms mdzad|A buddha.
'gro lding ba'i gsang sngags kyi gzhi|Literally, “Dravidian mantra words.” The Bodhisattvabhūmi https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4037 defines Dravidian mantras as strings of syllables with no specific semantic domain. The fact that these mantras are specifically identified as “Dravidian” (Skt. drāmiḍa; Tib. {'gro lding}) points to their origin among the speakers of Dravidian languages in South India.
'gro lding ba|(1) A country of the Deccan region of India. (2) A kingdom in southern India.
'gro lding ba|An esoteric deity associated with Varjapāṇi, sometimes identified as a nāga king.
'gro lding ba|One of the prominent peoples of the Indian Subcontinent who were already present there prior to the arrival of the Aryans in around 1500 ce.
'gro lding ba|Another name for the Dravidian, non-Aryan people and language(s) of South India and northern Sri Lanka. Dramiḍa (actually spelled drāmiḍa in the Sanskrit of the quote from this text in the Śikṣāsamuccaya) is the origin of the word Tamil; other Dravidian languages are Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada.
'gro lding|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'gro ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
'gro mgyogs pa|A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods.
'gro mgyogs|A nāga. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2561 .
'gro mgyogs|One of the notorious “group of six” monks whose antics and heavy-handed interference prompted a great many of the Buddha’s injunctions on conduct.
'gro sdug pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāsthāman.
'gro skad rgya mtsho|The hundred-and-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
'gro yod|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'grogs bde|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Yaśadatta.
'gron bu|A shell used as a coin.
'gron bu|The Tibetan term {'gron bu} is generally restricted to “cowry shell,” but the term hiraṇya more typically refers to “gold coins” and can be applied to any form of currency, which includes cowry shells.
'gros brtan dge ba yangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vratasthita.
'gros brtan|Mother of the buddha Gagana.
'gros brtan|Father of the buddha Mahātejas.
'gros brtan|Son of the buddha Muniprasanna.
'gros brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnacandra.
'gros chen bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sukrama.
'gros ldan|Son of the buddha Vikrama.
'gros ldan|Attendant of the buddha Sthitārtha.
'gros mchod|Mother of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
'gros mchod|The 356th buddha in the first list, 355th in the second list, and 350th in the third list.
'gros mdzes ma|Mother of the buddha Vikrama.
'gros mdzes pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Supuṣpa.
'gros mdzes sems pa|Father of the buddha Sukrama.
'gros mdzes|Son of the buddha Sugaṇin.
'gros mi 'khyil|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajrasaṃhata.
'gros mkhas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ugraprabha.
'gros snyoms pa|Mother of the buddha Vikrāntagamin.
'gros snyoms|Father of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
'gros snyoms|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
'gros stabs bzang po|Birthplace of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
'gros|Literally, “gait” or “way of moving,” but also more metaphorically “demeanour,” “stance;” and abstractly “manner,” “type,” “mode.”
'gugs byed ma|A deity representing the element fire.
'gugs byed ma|A deity personifying the true nature of the element fire.
'gugs byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'gugs par byed pa'i gzungs ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
'gugs|To draw; to magically bring someone into one’s presence.
'gyur ba med pa|Lit. “unchangeable.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'jam 'bras|Pongamia pinnata.
'jam bu'i tshal|A peak on Sumeru.
'jam dbyangs|Name of a bodhisattva.
'jam dbyangs|Son of the buddha Rativyūha.
'jam dbyangs|An alternative name for Mañjuśrī, meaning, “gentle or beautiful voice.”
'jam dbyangs|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Resolver of Doubts Regarding Transgressing All Vows.
'jam dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anantavikrāmin (214 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jam dbyangs|Meaning “gentle or beautiful voice,” this is an alternative name for Mañjuśrī. It is synonymous with Mañjughoṣa, which is also translated into Tibetan as {'jam dbyangs}. See also “Mañjuśrī.”
'jam dga'|Son of the buddha Mahātejas.
'jam dpal dbyangs kyi nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
'jam dpal dbyangs|The bodhisattva of wisdom; one of the bodhisattvas in the retinue of the Buddha.
'jam dpal dbyangs|The bodhisattva who is considered the embodiment of wisdom. Also known as Mañjuśrī kumāra bhūta.
'jam dpal grags pa|A disciple of Āryadeva.
'jam dpal gzhon nu gyur pa|The bodhisattva Mañjuśrī; literally “Youthful Mañjuśrī.”
'jam dpal gzhon nur 'gyur pa|Bodhisattva of wisdom and one of the Buddha’s principal interlocutors in many sūtras.
'jam dpal gzhon nur 'gyur pa|Mañjuśrī who takes the form of a youth, an epithet by which the well-known bodhisattva is often referred.
'jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa|An epithet of the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī, meaning “the youthful Mañjuśrī.” Mañjuśrī is one of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha and the embodiment of wisdom.
'jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa|The bodhisattva who is considered the embodiment of wisdom, with the additional honorific title for a young man. Also rendered here as “Mañjusvara” and “Mañjuśrī.”
'jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa|Mañjuśrī who takes the form of a youth, an epithet by which the well-known bodhisattva is often referred. He is considered to be the embodiment of the transcendent perfection of insight and is portrayed wielding a sword in his right hand that cuts through delusion and a volume of the Prajñā pāramitā sūtra in his left that contains teachings on transcendent insight.
'jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa|Mañjuśrī is one of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha and a bodhisattva that embodies insight. He is a major figure in the Mahāyāna sūtras, appearing often as an interlocutor of the Buddha, as in the case of this text. In his most well-known iconographic form, he is portrayed bearing the sword of insight in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñā pāramitā sūtra in his left. In addition to the epithet Kumārabhūta, which means “having a youthful form,” Mañjuśrī can also take on the epithets Mañjughoṣa, Mañjusvara, and Pañcaśikha.
'jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa|The eternally youthful crown prince (kumārabhūta), so called because of his special identification with the Prajñā pāramitā, or Transcendence of Wisdom. He is the only member of the Buddha’s retinue who volunteers to visit Vimalakīrti, and he serves as Vimalakīrti’s principal interlocutor throughout the sūtra. Traditionally regarded as the wisest of bodhisattvas, in Tibetan tradition he is known as {rgyal ba'i yab gcig}, the “sole father of buddhas,” as he inspires them in their realization of the profound. He is represented as bearing the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñā pāramitā sūtra in his left. He is always youthful in appearance, like a boy of sixteen.
'jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa|Evolved from the gandharva Pañcaśikha in early Buddhism, which remains one of Mañjuśrī’s alternate names. Pañcaśikha was a gandharva who lived on a five-peaked mountain, and who brought the Buddha information on what was occuring in the paradises. Mañjuśrī is the first prominent bodhisattva after Maitreya in the early Mahāyāna sūtras, where he is known as Mañjughoṣa (“Having a Beautiful Voice”). He came to embody wisdom, and became one of the eight great bodhisattvas. In the early tantras he was the lord of one of the three buddha families. In the Sanskrit version of the sūtra, Kumārabhūta is a separate word rather than a compound with his proper name. This means that it could be the second of his names, and it is glossed as meaning “always young.” Alternatively it could be treated simply as an adjective, as in “the youth Manjuśrī.”
'jam dpal gzhon nu|Name of a bodhisattva.
'jam dpal gzhon nu|A term of address for the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī, who is considered the embodiment of wisdom.
'jam dpal mtshan brjod|Toh 360.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh360.html
'jam dpal snying po|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jam dpal zhon nu gyur pa|A great bodhisattva.
'jam dpal|A great bodhisattva and one of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha Śākyamuni, he is considered the embodiment of wisdom.
'jam dpal|One of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha, the embodiment of wisdom. In this text, he is one of the main interlocutors of the Buddha.
'jam dpal|A great bodhisattva, one of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha, the embodiment of wisdom. Also called here Mañjuśrī kumāra bhūta, literally “Youthful Mañjuśrī.”
'jam dpal|One of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha, the embodiment of insight (prajñā). In Tibetan tradition he is known as {rgyal ba'i yab gcig}, the “sole father of buddhas,” as he inspires them in their realization of the profound. He is represented as bearing the sword of insight in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñā pāramitā sūtra in his left.
'jam dpal|Mañjuśrī is one of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha and a bodhisattva who embodies insight. He is a major figure in the Mahāyāna sūtras, appearing often as an interlocutor of the Buddha, as in the case of this text. In his most well-known iconographic form, he is portrayed bearing the sword of insight in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñā pāramitā sūtra in his left. In addition to the epithet Kumārabhūta, which means "having a youthful form," Mañjuśrī can also take on the epithets Mañjughoṣa, Mañjusvara, and Pañcaśikha.
'jam dpal|The eternally youthful crown prince (kumārabhūta), so called because of his special identification with the Prajñā pāramitā, or Transcendence of Wisdom. He is the only member of the Buddha’s retinue who volunteers to visit Vimalakīrti, and he serves as Vimalakīrti’s principal interlocutor throughout the sūtra. Traditionally regarded as the wisest of bodhisattvas, in Tibetan tradition he is known as {rgyal ba'i yab gcig}, the “sole father of buddhas,” as he inspires them in their realization of the profound. He is represented as bearing the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a volume of the Prajñā pāramitā sūtra in his left. He is always youthful in appearance, like a boy of sixteen.
'jam pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.
'jam pa'i dbyangs|An epithet of Mañjuśrī.
'jam pa'i dbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Mahātejas.
'jam pa'i dbyangs|An alternative name for Mañjuśrī, meaning, “gentle or beautiful voice.”
'jam pa'i dbyangs|The 583rd buddha in the first list, 582nd in the second list, and 575th in the third list.
'jam pa'i dbyangs|“One with a sweet voice,” an epithet of the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī. The name is also written as “Mañjusvara.”
'jam pa'i dbyangs|Evolved from the gandharva Pañcaśikha in early Buddhism, this remains one of Mañjuśrī’s alternate names. Pañcaśikha was a gandharva who lived on a five-peaked mountain and brought the Buddha information on what was occurring in the paradises. Mañjuśrī is the first prominent bodhisattva after Maitreya in the early Mahāyāna sūtras, where he is known as Mañjughoṣa (Having a Beautiful Voice). He came to embody wisdom and became one of the eight great bodhisattvas. In the early tantras he was the lord of one of the three buddha families. He is also known as Mañjuśrī Kumārabhūta. In Sanskrit, kumārabhūta is a separate word rather than a compound with his proper name. This means that it could be the second of his names, and it is glossed as meaning “always young.” Alternatively, it could be treated simply as an adjective, as in “the youthful Mañjuśrī.”
'jam pa'i dbyang|Attendant of the buddha Candrārka.
'jam pa'i rdo rje|One of the peaceful forms of Mañjuśrī.
'jam pa'i rdo rje|Emanation of Mañjuśrī; the deity delivering the SEV.
'jam pa'i rgyal mtshan|One of the future buddhas.
'jam pa|Birthplace of the buddha Apagatakleśa.
'jam pa|Attendant of the buddha Dharma pradīpākṣa.
'jam sgra|Name of a bodhisattva.
'jam snyan|Gandharva king present at the teaching of the sūtra.
'jams dpal gzhon nu gyur pa|A great bodhisattva.
'jib byed ma|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
'jib byed ma|One of the four guardian goddesses who can be indicated to a fellow practitioner by her pledge sign.
'jig byed|One of the grahas.
'jig pa chen po lnga|The five great fears are “the fear concerning livelihood, fear of disapproval, fear of death, fear of bad transmigrations, and fear that is timidity when addressing assemblies.” (Powers 1995, p. 316, n. 19).
'jig pa med par grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suśītala.
'jig rten 'das|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pūritāṅga.
'jig rten 'das|The 393rd buddha in the first list, 392nd in the second list, and 386th in the third list.
'jig rten 'dzin pa|“World Bearer.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
'jig rten 'dzin|A bodhisattva and the main interlocutor of this sūtra.
'jig rten 'gro ba|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
'jig rten 'gro ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'jig rten 'jigs med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dānaprabha.
'jig rten 'jigs pa med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaruta.
'jig rten 'khyil ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten 'od byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇidharman.
'jig rten 'od|Mother of the buddha Laḍita.
'jig rten 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Askhalita buddhi.
'jig rten 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
'jig rten 'od|The 138th buddha in the first list, 138th in the second list, and 138th in the third list.
'jig rten 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Upakāragati (836 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jig rten 'ongs|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Lokaprabha.
'jig rten bdag po bzhi|Notes on the Meaning glosses them only as “great kings,” but this term could refer to a number of Brahmanical deities or the deities that govern the cardinal directions.
'jig rten bdun po|According to various purāṇas and the Atharvaveda, our world system is divided into fourteen worlds: the seven (higher) worlds consist of the earth and the heavenly realms above, and the seven netherworlds are subterranean realms.
'jig rten bkra shis|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jayanandin.
'jig rten bla ma dgyes|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhagati.
'jig rten bla ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Subāhu.
'jig rten bla ma|The 358th buddha in the first list, 357th in the second list, and 352nd in the third list.
'jig rten bla ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha (699 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jig rten bsdus|Attendant of the buddha Sucīrṇavipāka.
'jig rten bsngags|Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitāgragāmin.
'jig rten bsngags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candra.
'jig rten byed|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten bzang po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten bzang po|The 366th buddha in the first list, 365th in the second list, and 360th in the third list.
'jig rten chos brgyad|Gain (Tib. {rnyed pa}; Skt. lābha) and loss (Tib. {ma rnyed pa}; Skt. alābha), fame (Tib. {snyan pa}; Skt. yaśas) and lack of fame (Tib. {ma snyan pa}; Skt. ayaśas), praise (Tib. {bstod pa}; Skt. praśaṃsā) and blame (Tib. {smad pa}; Skt. nindā), pleasure (Tib. {bde ba}; Skt. sukha), and sorrow (Tib. {sdug bsngal}; Skt. duḥkha).
'jig rten dad par byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍitanetra.
'jig rten dad par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Mokṣadhvaja.
'jig rten dad|Birthplace of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
'jig rten dad|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśāntagati.
'jig rten dag gi mchod rten|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇya pradīpa rāja (837 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jig rten dag gi mchog|The 710th buddha in the first list, 709th in the second list, and 699th in the third list.
'jig rten dag gis 'dul bar dka'|Birthplace of the buddha Asaṅgamati.
'jig rten dag gis mi 'jigs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
'jig rten dag las 'das pa|The 182nd buddha in the first list, 181st in the second list, and 181st in the third list.
'jig rten dbang phyug 'od|One of the tathāgatas.
'jig rten dbang phyug bdag nyid che|An unidentified mantra deity. The Sanskrit could be corrupt.
'jig rten dbang phyug rgyal po|A buddha.
'jig rten dbang phyug rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas.
'jig rten dbang phyug|Probably a metrically shortened variant of Lokeśvara.
'jig rten dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK; also used as an epithet of Avalokiteśvara, or the name of one of Avalokiteśvara’s emanations.
'jig rten dbang phyug|“Lord of the world” is a translation of lokeśvara or lokanātha when these are used in their literal meaning (for the technical meaning of the first see the glossary entry for Lokeśvara). The latter of the two terms has an added connotation of the “protector of the world,” however, in most contexts, the meaning of the “lord of the world” predominates. The phrase is capitalized when used as the title without the name.
'jig rten dbang phyug|“Lokeśvara” is the title applied to Avalokiteśvara and his male emanations, including Amoghapāśa; in the later tradition there are 108 lokeśvaras. In contexts where the literal meaning, “lord of the world,” is more relevant than the class name, the term has been translated as such (see corresponding glossary entry for “lord of the world”). It is capitalized when used as the title without the name, such as “the Lokeśvara” or “the Lord of the World.”
'jig rten dbang po 'od bzang dpal|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Lokendra teja śiri bhadra.
'jig rten dbang po'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
'jig rten dbang po'i lus ni snang ba'i 'od|The fifty-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
'jig rten dbang po'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas.
'jig rten dbang po|Name of a yakṣa.
'jig rten dbang|“Lokeśvara” is the title applied to Avalokiteśvara and his male emanations, including Amoghapāśa; in the later tradition there are 108 lokeśvaras. In contexts where the literal meaning, “lord of the world,” is more relevant than the class name, the term has been translated as such (see corresponding glossary entry for “lord of the world”). It is capitalized when used as the title without the name, such as “the Lokeśvara” or “the Lord of the World.”
'jig rten dga' bas mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnakrama.
'jig rten dga' ba|Son of the buddha Janendra.
'jig rten dga' ba|Attendant of the buddha Amogharaśmi.
'jig rten dga' ba|The 962nd buddha in the first list, 961st in the second list, and 952nd in the third list.
'jig rten dga'|Son of the buddha Upakāragati.
'jig rten dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Lokaprabha.
'jig rten dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnatejas.
'jig rten dga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmaketu (389 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jig rten dpal grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amṛtādhipa.
'jig rten dpal|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'jig rten grags pa ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten grags pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten gsal mdzad|Name of a future buddha.
'jig rten gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Marudadhipa.
'jig rten gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Laḍitakṣetra (487 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jig rten gsum du snang ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Balanandin.
'jig rten gsum gnon|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
'jig rten gsum gyi bla ma|Name of a buddha.
'jig rten gsum gyi khyu mchog rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
'jig rten gsum la mngon par ma zhen pa|Lit. “that does not settle down on the three worlds.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'jig rten gsum po|The three realms of existence, namely the desire, the form, and the formless.
'jig rten gsum po|The desire, form, and formless realms, which together comprise the cycle of existence.
'jig rten gsum rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
'jig rten gsum rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
'jig rten gsum|One of the emanations of Amoghapāśa.
'jig rten gsum|The threefold universe is comprised of the realms of desire, form, and formlessness.
'jig rten gsum|The desire, form, and formless realms, which together comprise the cycle of existence.
'jig rten gsum|The desire realm, form realm, and formless realm. Also referred to as the “three realms” ({khams gsum}).
'jig rten gyi bar|Places that are said to be miserable, dark, and gloomy.
'jig rten gyi bar|The places between adjacent world systems, outside their defining ring of mountains, that are said to be miserable and in utter darkness as the suns and moons of the world systems can shed no light there. They are nevertheless said to be inhabited by numerous beings and are sometimes counted among the hell realms.
'jig rten gyi bar|According to abhidharma cosmology, when different world systems form, they drift near each other, but remain divided by the spaces (small according to some descriptions, immense according to others) between the massive rings of stone that surround each of them. These spaces are completely dark, unreached by any light from the suns of the worlds they lie between. Often classified as one kind of hell, these frigid and desolate places are populated by beings brought there by very negative karma. They cling to the cliffs, climbing around in darkness searching for sustenance. When they encounter fellow sufferers, they fight and try to push each other off, and tumble into the icy waters below.
'jig rten gyi chos brgyad|Hoping for happiness, fame, praise and gain and fearing suffering, insignificance, blame and loss.
'jig rten gyi chos kyi mchog|The fourth of the four stages of penetrative insight.
'jig rten gyi chos|The eight worldly concerns are gain and loss, fame and disgrace, praise and blame, and pleasure and pain.
'jig rten gyi chos|It refers to things or factors that are bound by causality. In some contexts, it is the eight worldy dharmas or concerns. See also “transcendent phenomena.”
'jig rten gyi dbang po dam pa'i 'od kyi dbyangs|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
'jig rten gyi dbang po'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten gyi dkyil 'khor dbang po'i rgyal po|A buddha.
'jig rten gyi khams 'od zer can|A world where Mahā maudgalyāyana’s mother was reborn.
'jig rten gyi khams mi mjed|The world system presided over by the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jig rten gyi khams mi mjed|The name of this world, in which beings must endure suffering.
'jig rten gyi khams mi mjed|This universe of ours, or the trichiliocosm (but sometimes referring to just this world system of four continents), presided over by Brahmā. The term is variously interpreted as meaning the world of suffering, of endurance, of fearlessness, or of concomitance (of karmic cause and effect).
'jig rten gyi khams stong gsum gyi stong chen po|A very large universe.
'jig rten gyi khams stong gsum gyi stong chen po|The largest universe spoken of in Buddhist cosmology, consisting of one billion smaller world systems.
'jig rten gyi khams thams cad kyi gnod pa dang skyo ba las rab tu brgal ba|A buddha in the western direction.
'jig rten gyi khams thams cad las mngon par 'phags pa'i cod pan|A bodhisattva.
'jig rten gyi khams|Refers to any world or group of worlds illumined by one sun and moon, its own Mount Meru, continents, desire, form, and formless realms, etc. Also rendered here as world realm.
'jig rten gyi khams|This can refer to one world with its orbiting sun and moon, and also to groups of these worlds in multiples of thousands, in particular a world realm of a thousand million worlds, which is said to be circular, with its circumference twice as long as its diameter.
'jig rten gyi me tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
'jig rten gyi mgon po|An epithet of a buddha.
'jig rten gyi mgon po|These are a set of deities, each guarding a certain direction. Most commonly these are Indra (Śakra) for the east, Agni for the southeast, Yama for the south, Sūrya or Nirṛti for the southwest, Varuṇa for the west, Vāyu (Pavana) for the northwest, Kubera for the north, and Soma (Candra) or Iśāni or Pṛthivī for the northeast.
'jig rten gyi mgon po|“Guardians of the world.” Also called “guardians of the directions” (digpāla; {phyogs skyong}), which are specifically listed to be Śakra (Indra, lord of the devas, for the east), Yama (lord of the dead, for the south), Varuṇa (lord of water for the west), Kubera (Vaiśravaṇa, lord of yakṣas, for the north), Agni (lord of fire, for the southeast), Vāyu (lord of air, for the northwest), Īśāna (Śiva, for the northeast), Nairṛta (Rākṣasa, lord of the rākṣasas, for the southwest), Brahmā (lord of the universe, for above), and Pṛthvī (or Pṛthivī, goddess of the earth, for below).
'jig rten gyi mig|A poetic metaphor for the sun, here used as an epithet of the Buddha.
'jig rten gyi ming du btags pa|Mahāvyutpatti 6558.
'jig rten gyi sgron ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Placid River of Jambu.
'jig rten gyi spyod pa bas mchod pa'i bkod pa'i rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Sūrya.
'jig rten gyi tha snyad du btags pa'am 'jig rten gyi tha snyad|Mahāvyutpatti 6558.
'jig rten gyis bsngags pa|Attendant of the buddha Vajra.
'jig rten gyur pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten gzhol|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyadhvaja.
'jig rten khyad par 'phags|Son of the buddha Anuddhata.
'jig rten khyad par 'phags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anuddhata.
'jig rten kun dga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vajrasena (537 according to the thrid enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jig rten kun gyis mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Āryastuta.
'jig rten kun las shin tu 'phags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūryānana.
'jig rten kun mchog|Son of the buddha Śaśin.
'jig rten lam|Son of the buddha Dṛḍhasvara.
'jig rten las 'das ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
'jig rten las 'das pa'i chos|Lit. “dharmas beyond the world.” Trancendent or supramundane phenomena are things or factors related to liberation from saṃsāra. These include, for example, the four applications of mindfulness, the four correct exertions, the four foundations of miracles, the five powers, the five strengths, the seven branches of awakening, the eightfold path of the noble ones, the three gateways of liberation, and many other techniques and qualities of attainment. See also “worldly phenomena.”
'jig rten las 'das pa'i chos|Supramundane phenomena, as found in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-411 , include the following: the four applications of mindfulness, the four correct exertions, the four supports for miraculous abilities, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven branches of enlightenment, the noble eightfold path, the three gateways to liberation, the faculties that will enable knowledge of all that is unknown, the faculties that acquire the knowledge of all things, the faculties endowed with the knowledge of all things, the meditative stability endowed with ideation and scrutiny, the meditative stability free from ideation and merely endowed with scrutiny, the meditative stability free from both ideation and scrutiny, the [eighteen] aspects of emptiness (starting from the emptiness of internal phenomena and ending with the emptiness of the essential nature of non-entities), the ten powers of the tathāgatas, the four assurances, the four kinds of exact knowledge, great loving kindness, great compassion, and the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-412 ).
'jig rten las 'das par 'gro ba|One of the two bodhisattvas standing by the gateway in the Mañjuśrī maṇḍala.
'jig rten las 'das pa|Father of the buddha Mahāmitra.
'jig rten ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
'jig rten legs par lta|Birthplace of the buddha Suvaktra.
'jig rten lha|Attendant of the buddha Satyadeva.
'jig rten lha|Mother of the buddha Kāñcanaprabha.
'jig rten ljon pa|One of the kinnara kings.
'jig rten lta|Birthplace of the buddha Nikhiladarśin.
'jig rten ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'jig rten mchod 'os thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candana.
'jig rten mchod 'os|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten mchod gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Satyadeva.
'jig rten mchod rten|A buddha.
'jig rten mchod|Son of the buddha Siṃhagati.
'jig rten mchod|Attendant of the buddha Sūkṣmabuddhi.
'jig rten mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajrasena.
'jig rten mchog gi dpung rgyan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Jñānaratna.
'jig rten mchog ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
'jig rten mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Oṣadhi.
'jig rten mdzes|Birthplace of the buddha Śrī.
'jig rten mgon po|An epithet of the Buddha.
'jig rten mgon po|“Lord of the World,” an epithet of Avalokiteśvara.
'jig rten mgon po|“Lord of the world” is a translation of lokeśvara or lokanātha when these are used in their literal meaning (for the technical meaning of the first see the glossary entry for Lokeśvara). The latter of the two terms has an added connotation of the “protector of the world,” however, in most contexts, the meaning of the “lord of the world” predominates. The phrase is capitalized when used as the title without the name.
'jig rten mgon|“Lord of the World,” an epithet of Avalokiteśvara.
'jig rten mgon|An epithet commonly referring to buddhas or high-level bodhisattvas.
'jig rten mgul pa|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'jig rten mi gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candra.
'jig rten mkhas|Birthplace of the buddha Kuśalaprabha.
'jig rten mngon bstod pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśodatta.
'jig rten mngon dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahita.
'jig rten mngon par dga' ba|Birthplace of the buddha Sucandra.
'jig rten mngon par dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
'jig rten mthar byed ma|One of the great mātṛs.
'jig rten mthar byed|One of the grahas.
'jig rten mthon po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Pratibhāna cakṣus.
'jig rten nye gnas ma|One of the great piśācīs.
'jig rten pa thams cad mgu zhing mngon par dga' bar sems pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Devarāja.
'jig rten pa yis bsngags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ugraprabha.
'jig rten pa'i 'tsho ba'i yo byad|Food, drink, beds and seats, and medicines for sicknesses, tools, gems, pearls, beryl, conch shells, crystals, corals, silver, and gold‍. This is a list of requirements for sustaining oneself that differs from the requirements ({yo byad}, pariṣkāra) of an ordained person (robes, alms, beds and seats, and medicines for sicknesses). bod rgya tshigs mdzod chen mo gives {'tshog chas} as an old word for {'tsho ba'i yo byad}.
'jig rten pa'i chos mi dge ba rnams|As listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-1092 , these comprise the ten unwholesome actions— killing, stealing, illicit sex because of lust, lying, backbiting, insulting, babbling nonsense, coveting, malice, and wrong view—and also anger, bearing a grudge, dissembling, nursing pent-up anger, violence, jealousy, envy, and pride.
'jig rten pa'i chos|These are often listed as eight in number, as in the commentary: gain and no gain, happiness and suffering, praise and criticism, fame and lack of fame.
'jig rten pa'i chos|These comprise the five psycho-physical aggregates, the twelve sense fields, the eighteen sensory elements, the ten virtuous actions, the four meditative concentrations, the four immeasurable aspirations, the four formless absorptions, and the five extrasensory powers.
'jig rten pa'i gzugs thams cad kyis zil gyis mi non pa'i gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Vararūpa.
'jig rten pa'i mngon par shes pa lnga|There are five supernatural faculties resulting from meditative concentration and that can be attained by both Buddhist and non-Buddhist practitioners: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing others’ minds, recollecting past lives, and the ability to perform miracles.
'jig rten par gyi du ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
'jig rten pas bsngags pa|Father of the buddha Śaśin.
'jig rten pha rol|Lit. “the world beyond [death].”
'jig rten rab mchog|The name of a nakṣatra.
'jig rten rgyal po dbang phyug|The name Surata is known by after he becomes enlightened.
'jig rten rgyang 'phen pa|An ancient school of Indian philosophy whose doctrine, outlined primarily in the Bārhaspatya Sūtras, is characterized by atheism and a strict form of materialism; also known as the Cārvāka.
'jig rten rgyang 'phen|Followers of a materialistic school of philosophy.
'jig rten rgyang pan pa|An ancient Indian philosophical system that is based on adherence to materialism and atheistic skepticism.
'jig rten rgyang pan pa|While this term is used as a name for the ancient materialist Skt. lokacārvāka school, it can also refer to non-Buddhist extremists in general.
'jig rten rgyang phan pa|An ancient Indian philosophical system that is based on adherence to materialism and atheistic skepticism.
'jig rten rgyang phan pa|While this term is used as a name for the ancient materialist Skt. lokacārvāka school, it can also refer to non-Buddhist extremists in general.
'jig rten rgyang phan pa|A school of thought that rejected the Vedas and other religious texts and considered only empirical knowledge and inference to be valid. More commonly known in later literature as Cārvāka and in its Anglicized form Charvaka. It preexisted and was contemporary with the early centuries of Buddhism. Its literature no longer exists unless one takes the ninth-century text Tattvopaplava siṃha by Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa as associated with that school, which most scholars do not.
'jig rten rgyang phan pa|The materialist or “worldly” school, one of the many schools of the Indian śramaṇa movement around at the time of the Buddha. Today most of their literature and discourse has been lost, but their view can be compiled through secondary historical literature and the voices of their critics. According to this, they are claimed to have asserted a rigid materialist philosophy in which everything in the universe is composed of only four elements (earth, water, heat, and air). They rejected the moral causality associated with karma, and they rejected transmigration or rebirth. For more on the Lokāyata philosophy, see Chattopadhaya (1992), pp. 22–75.
'jig rten rgyang phen pa|An ancient Indian tradition of thought and practice that denies the existence of past and future lives.
'jig rten rgyang phen|Also called the Cārvāka school, it was an ancient Indian school with a materialistic viewpoint accepting only the evidence of the senses and rejecting the existence of a creator deity or other lifetimes. Their teachings now survive only in quotations by opponents.
'jig rten rnam par dag byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bhānumat.
'jig rten rnam par grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
'jig rten rnam par grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arhadyaśas (332 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jig rten rnam par gzigs pa|One of the high heavens.
'jig rten rnam par lta|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.
'jig rten sbas|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Priyābha.
'jig rten sgra la 'jug pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sudarśana.
'jig rten sgron ma 'byin pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthitārtha.
'jig rten sgron ma|A buddha.
'jig rten sgron ma|Name of a buddha.
'jig rten sgron ma|Mother of the buddha Arciskandha.
'jig rten sgron ma|Birthplace of the buddha Caraṇabhrāja.
'jig rten shin tu 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Rāhu sūrya garbha.
'jig rten shin tu dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Dānaprabha.
'jig rten skyong ba bzhi po|The Four Great Kings of the cardinal directions.
'jig rten skyong ba bzhi|Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera), Virūḍhaka, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Virūpākṣa.
'jig rten skyong ba bzhi|Four deities at the base of Mount Meru, each one the guardian of his direction: Vaiśravaṇa in the north, Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the East, Virūpākṣa in the west, and Virūḍhaka in the south.
'jig rten skyong ba bzhi|Four deities guarding the four quarters, namely, Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the east, Virūḍhaka in the south, Virūpākṣa in the west, and Vaiśravaṇa in the north. Also referred to as the Four Great Kings.
'jig rten skyong ba bzhi|These guardians are the four great kings of the quarters; Vaiśravaṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Virūḍhaka, and Virūpākṣa. Their mission is to report on the activities of humans to the gods and to protect the practitioners of the Dharma.
'jig rten skyong ba bzhi|The powerful nonhuman guardian kings of the four quarters‍—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa‍—who rule, respectively, over the kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north. Also known as the Four Great Kings.
'jig rten skyong ba|One category of Dharma protectors in Buddhism. See also “four guardians of the world.”
'jig rten skyong ba|“World protector,” a class of guardian deities, usually presiding over the quarters of the world.
'jig rten skyong ba|A class of guardian deities. Sometimes used to refer to the Four Great Kings (see “Four World Guardians”).
'jig rten skyong ba|Lit. “World Protectors.” They are usually the same as the Four Mahārājas but are here included as a separate group.
'jig rten skyong ba|Also known as the four great kings (mahārāja), Vaiśravaṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Virūḍhaka, and Virūpākṣa are pledged to protect practitioners of the Dharma.
'jig rten skyong ba|Literally “world protectors.” They are the same as the four Mahārājas, the Four Great Kings of the quarters (Tib. {rgyal chen bzhi}), namely, Vaiśravaṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Virūḍhaka, and Virūpākṣa, whose mission is to report on the activities of humankind to the gods of the Trāyastriṃśa heaven (Heaven of the Thirty-Three) and who have pledged to protect the practitioners of the Dharma. Each universe has its own set of four.
'jig rten skyong|A class of guardian deities. Sometimes used to refer to the Four Great Kings (see “Four World Guardians”).
'jig rten skyong|Lit. “World-Protectors.” They are the same as the four Mahārājas, the great kings of the quarters ({rgyal chen bzhi}), namely, Vaiśravaṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Virūḍhaka, and Virūpākṣa, whose mission is to report on the activities of mankind to the gods of the Trāyastriṃśa heaven and who have pledged to protect the practitioners of the Dharma. Each universe has its own set of four.
'jig rten slob dpon|A buddha.
'jig rten sna tshogs la mngon par dga' ba|Name of a king; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
'jig rten snang bar byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śubha cīrṇa buddhi.
'jig rten snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Amṛtaprasanna.
'jig rten snyan par grags|Father of the buddha Vāsanottīrṇa gati.
'jig rten tha snyad|Mahāvyutpatti 6558.
'jig rten thams cad dang mi 'thun pa|Also translated as “antithetical to all worlds.”
'jig rten thams cad dang mi 'thun pa|Also translated as “counterpoint to all that is ordinary.”
'jig rten thams cad dang mi 'thun pa|The Buddha seems to have been well-aware of the outcry some of his central teachings would provoke. In several discourses, he warned that whole world would be averse to (Skt. sarva loka vipratyanīka, Tib. {'jig rten thams cad dang mi 'thun pa}) teachings such as no-self, emptiness, and dependent origination because they contradict some of the most deeply held assumptions people have about themselves and the world.
'jig rten thams cad du 'od byed pa|Lit. “illuminator of all worlds.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'jig rten thams cad du grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dīptatejas.
'jig rten thams cad du rnam par grags pa thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍha.
'jig rten thams cad kyi 'jigs pa dang pham pa dang bag tsha ba rnam par 'joms pa|A buddha in the northeastern direction.
'jig rten thams cad kyis bsngags par sems pa|Attendant of the buddha Devasūrya.
'jig rten thams cad kyis mthong na dga' ba|The name of a Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jig rten thams cad la 'od byed pa|Name of the 103rd meditative stability; could also be translated “Illuminator in all Respects.”
'jig rten thams cad la mngon par mi dga' ba'i 'du shes|Sixth of the six aspects of perception.
'jig rten thams cad la phan par mdzad pa|The fourth of five hundred buddhas in a kalpa in the distant future.
'jig rten thams cad las mngon par 'phags pa'i cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
'jig rten thams cad na mdzes pa|Son of the buddha Devasūrya.
'jig rten thams cad pa|A summit in Ornament of the Mind.
'jig rten tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Mahā prajñā tīrtha.
'jig rten yon tan dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Yaśaḥkīrti.
'jig rten zhi ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'jig rten zla ba|Mother of the buddha Balatejojñāna.
'jig rten zla ba|The 394th buddha in the first list, 393rd in the second list, and 387th in the third list.
'jig rten|Son of the buddha Priya cakṣurvaktra.
'jig rten|One of the rāśis; a king of the Gauḍa dynasty.
'jig tshogs la lta ba'i ri'i rtse mo mthon po nyi shu|“The body is not the self nor does the self have a body; / The self is not based on the body [n]or body on self. / Know that these four relations apply to all skandhas; / So these are considered the twenty views of self.” (Goldfield 387).
'jig tshogs la lta ba|The Tibetan literally means “the view of the perishing collection,” referring to regarding the collection of aggregates that are momentary and transitory as a self.
'jig tshogs la lta ba|First of the three fetters; also third of the five fetters associated with the lower realms, which concerns the superimposition of the notion of self upon the five psycho-physical aggregates.
'jig tshogs la lta ba|View that posits true reality in a person by taking one or more of the five aggregates to consist in a single, lasting, and autonomously existing entity (self). Also known as the view of the transitory collection.
'jig tshogs la lta ba|The Tibetan is literally “the view of the destructible collection,” and the Sanskrit is “the view of the existing body.” Both refer to a view that identifies the existence of a self in relation to the five aggregates.
'jig tshogs la lta ba|The Sanskrit term means “the view that the body is real,” the Tibetan term can be translated as “the view of the perishing collection,” and the Chinese translates as “the view of the body.” It refers to viewing the “perishing” collection of momentary, transitory aggregates—the body—as a self.
'jig tshogs la lta ba|This consists of twenty varieties of false notion, consisting basically of regarding the temporally impermanent and ultimately insubstantial as “I” or “mine.” The five compulsive aggregates are paired with the self, giving the twenty false notions. For example, the first four false notions are that (1) matter is the self, which is like its owner (rūpaṃ ātmā svāmivat); (2) the self possesses matter, like its ornament (rūpavañ ātmā alaņkāravat); (3) matter belongs to the self, like a slave (ātmīyaṃ rūpaṃ bhṛtyavat); and (4) the self dwells in matter as in a vessel (rūpe ātmā bhajanavat). The other four compulsive aggregates are paired with the self in the same four ways, giving sixteen more false notions concerning sensation, intellect, motivation, and consciousness, hypostatizing an impossible relationship with a nonexistent, permanent, substantial self.
'jig tshogs spong byed|A temple on Mount Gośṛṅga.
'jig tshogs|Object of egoistic or materialist interest (satkāyadṛṣṭi). See “egoistic views.”
'jig tshogs|The Tibetan is literally “the destructible aggregation,” and the Sanskrit is “the existing body.” It implies the view that identifies the existence of a self in relation to the skandhas. Thhe term is also translated here as “destructible accumulation.”
'jig tshogs|The transitory collection of the five aggregates, which is the basis for the view of a self or that which belongs to a self. The term {'jig tshogs} (“transitory collection”; Skt. satkāya, literally “real assemblage”) here alludes to the belief in a real person (satkāyadṛṣti) or, more specifically, the view that the aggregates constitute a real person. This is typically denounced as a false view in Buddhism. However, this text makes the radical claim that beginners should be taught not to reject the composite person because, as becomes clear, there is, quite literally, nothing there to reject.
'jigs 'jigs|One of the five yakṣa generals.
'jigs bral bag tsha mi mnga' spu zing mi byed|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to the northeast of the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
'jigs bral|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amitatejas.
'jigs bsgrags dbyangs kyi rgyal po|The names of millions of buddhas within one eon in the distant past, and also the name of a particular buddha in chapter 19.
'jigs byed bla ma|A king.
'jigs byed chen po|A great wind king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jigs byed ma'i tshal|The location of a deer park, alternately indentified in the Karmaśātaka as located on Mount Sabkang and on Mount Śiśumāri.
'jigs byed ma|Fierce and terrifying Hindu goddess identified as the consort of Bhairava.
'jigs byed ma|The name of various goddesses; one of the deities in the maṇḍala of Avalokiteśvara-Amoghapāśa and in some of the maṇḍalas of Avalokiteśvara.
'jigs byed|A brother of Rāvaṇa.
'jigs byed|A wrathful form of Śiva.
'jigs byed|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
'jigs byed|This name usually refers to the wrathful aspect of Śiva.
'jigs byed|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jigs byin|A banker’s son who purchases the favors of the courtesan’s daughter Suvarṇottama prabhāśrī in The Miraculous Play of Mañjuśrī sūtra.
'jigs chen 'jigs byed|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jigs ma|The name of various goddesses; one of the deities in the maṇḍala of Avalokiteśvara-Amoghapāśa and in some of the maṇḍalas of Avalokiteśvara.
'jigs mchog dbyangs|A ṛṣi, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 11.
'jigs mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Bhīṣaṇa.
'jigs mchog|The name of both a previous life of Buddha Śākyamuni as a king (translated as {'jigs pa'i bla ma}) and the name of one of the buddhas (translated as {'jigs mchog}) that Śākyamuni received the samādhi teaching from in a previous life.
'jigs mdzad|A buddha.
'jigs mdzad|The 627th buddha in the first list, 626th in the second list, and 619th in the third list.
'jigs med blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
'jigs med bsam gtan pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
'jigs med bshes gnyen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vibhaktatejas (478 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jigs med dbang po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
'jigs med dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Lokāntara.
'jigs med lha|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suvayas.
'jigs med me tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha.
'jigs med rnam par gzigs|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to the northwest of the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
'jigs med sbyin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidumati (209 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'jigs med sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
'jigs med stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhabala.
'jigs med ye shes ldan pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānasāgara.
'jigs med|A future solitary buddha.
'jigs med|Son of the buddha Anantarūpa.
'jigs med|Father of the buddha Kṛtārthadarśin.
'jigs med|Attendant of the buddha Vaidyādhipa.
'jigs med|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitatejas.
'jigs med|The name of various goddesses; one of the deities in the maṇḍala of Avalokiteśvara-Amoghapāśa and in some of the maṇḍalas of Avalokiteśvara.
'jigs pa brgyad las bsrung ba'i lha mo brgyad|Eight manifestations of the female buddha Tārā who grant protection from the eight fears, which are commonly enumerated as the fear of lions, elephants, fire, snakes, water, imprisonment, thieves, and cannibals.
'jigs pa brgyad|Lions, elephants, fire, snakes, thieves, rivers, imprisonment, and demons.
'jigs pa brgyad|Fear of lions, elephants, fire, snakes, drowning, bondage, thieves, and demons.
'jigs pa brgyad|Listed in Tārā Who Protects from the Eight Dangers as lions, elephants, fire, snakes, robbers, waters, infectious diseases, and demons. A more common enumeration gives “imprisonment” rather than “infectious diseases.”
'jigs pa chen po brgyad|Dangers posed by lions, elephants, fire, snakes, drowning, bondage, thieves, and demons.
'jigs pa chen po brgyad|The eight are the fear of (1) drowning, (2) thieves, (3) lions, (4) snakes, (5) fire, (6) demons, (7) imprisonment, and (8) elephants. They are also sometimes referred to as the eight unbearable (dāruṇa, {mi bzad pa}) fears.
'jigs pa dang bag tsha ba thams cad rnam par 'jig par mdzad pa|A buddha.
'jigs pa dang bral ba'i skye bu|Inhabitants of the Equal Peaks mountain in Kuru.
'jigs pa dang bral ba|Birthplace of the buddha Aridama.
'jigs pa med pa'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Sughoṣa.
'jigs pa med pa'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
'jigs pa med pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sahitaraśmi.
'jigs pa med pa'i bsod nam|Birthplace of the buddha Prasanna.
'jigs pa med pa'i gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Manojñavākya.
'jigs pa med pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candrapradīpa.
'jigs pa med pa'i mchod rten|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
'jigs pa med pa'i mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Balanandin.
'jigs pa med pa'i phrug gu|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Drumendra.
'jigs pa med pa'i shes rab|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñādatta.
'jigs pa med pa'i stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suyajña.
'jigs pa med pa'i ye shes|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jyeṣṭhadatta.
'jigs pa med pa'i zla|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇasañcaya.
'jigs pa med par grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmadhvaja.
'jigs pa med par grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Priya cakṣurvaktra.
'jigs pa med par mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Prasanna.
'jigs pa med par rgol ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pūrṇacandra.
'jigs pa med pa|Mother of the buddha Janendra.
'jigs pa mi bzad pa brgyad|The eight are the fear of (1) drowning, (2) thieves, (3) lions, (4) snakes, (5) fire, (6) demons, (7) imprisonment, and (8) elephants. They are also sometimes referred to as the eight unbearable (dāruṇa, {mi bzad pa}) fears.
'jigs pa'i bla ma|The name of both a previous life of Buddha Śākyamuni as a king (translated as {'jigs pa'i bla ma}) and the name of one of the buddhas (translated as {'jigs mchog}) that Śākyamuni received the samādhi teaching from in a previous life.
'jigs pa'i gzugs|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
'jigs pa'i mkha' 'gro ma|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering; one of the five ḍākinīs visualized on the five prongs of the vajra scepter.
'jigs pa'i sgra sgrogs rgyal po|A tathāgata associated with Jñānolka.
'jigs pa'i spu zing zhes byed pa dang bral ba|A buddha.
'jigs par grags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'jigs par lta ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
'jigs rung|One of the deities invited to partake in the oblation offering.
'jigs sgros|A nāga king.
'jigs shing 'jigs su rung bas mi 'jigs pa|A buddha realm.
'jigs su rung ba'i gdong|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
'jigs su rung ba|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jog po|A virtuous nāga king.
'jog po|One of the nāga kings.
'jog po|One of the kings of the nāgas.
'jog po|One of eight mythological nāga kings.
'jog po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jog po|A nāga king, who is well known from his role in the Indian epic the Mahābhārata. Said to dwell in the northwestern city of Taxila (Takṣaśilā), in present-day Pakistan.
'joms byed|Son of the buddha Sumati.
'joms byed|A brahmin who is the Buddha in a former life.
'joms pa'i mchog|The 845th buddha in the first list, 844th in the second list, and 834th in the third list.
'ju mi pham rgya mtsho|A famous polymath of the Tibetan Ancient ({rnying ma}) tradition (1846-1912) whose collected writings fill thirty-three volumes.
'jug ma chen mo|One of the subtle channels in the body.
'jug ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
'jug ma|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'jug ngogs med pa ma yin pa|A location in Heaven Free from Strife.
'jug pa'i spyod pa|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
'khor ba 'jig pa|A buddha in the past.
'khor ba 'jig|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas.
'khor ba 'jig|A previous buddha of this eon, often listed as the first of five buddhas of the present eon.
'khor ba 'jig|Name of a former buddha usually counted as the first of the first four buddhas of the present Good Eon, the other three being Kanakamuni, Kāśyapa, and Śākyamuni.
'khor ba 'jig|The first Buddha of the “Good Eon” (bhadrakalpa) of one thousand buddhas, our own Śākyamuni having been the fourth, and Maitreya expected to come as the fifth. Also spelled Krakutsanda, Kukutsunda, Kukucchanda.
'khor ba 'jig|The first buddha of our eon; the fifth buddha of the “seven generations of buddhas” ({sangs rgyas rab bdun}). Also found as Kakutsanda, Kakutsunda, etc. See Edgerton (1985), s.v. Krakucchanda, for the various spellings.
'khor ba 'jig|The fourth of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. Also, the first of the buddhas in this Bhadraka eon, with Śākyamuni as the fourth. The name is a Sanskritization of the Middle Indic name Kakusaṃdha, and is therefore an example of hybrid Sanskrit. It is also found in a semi-Sanskritized form: Krakutsanda. The ninth-century Mahāvyutpatti Sanskrit-Tibetan dictionary lists Kakutsunda as the Sanskrit for {'khor ba 'jig,}but has a separate entry {log par dad sel}for Krakucchanda, though later, as in this sūtra, Krakucchanda became translated as {'khor ba 'jig}.
'khor bar byed pa nyid|One of the muhūrtas.
'khor ba|“Cyclic existence,” the cycle of birth and death driven by mental afflictions and karmic actions.
'khor ba|The conditioned realm of cyclic existence in which beings are confined to perpetual suffering and unsatisfactoriness.
'khor ba|The beginningless cycle of rebirth characterized by suffering and caused by the three faults of ignorance, greed, and anger.
'khor ba|The Sanskrit means “continuation,” and the Tibetan means “cycle,” both referring to an unending series of unenlightened existences.
'khor ba|The cycle of birth and death; that is, life as experienced by living beings under the influence of ignorance, not any sort of objective world external to the persons experiencing it.
'khor ba|A state of involuntary existence conditioned by afflicted mental states and the imprint of past actions, characterised by suffering in a cycle of life, death, and rebirth. On its reversal, the contrasting state of nirvāṇa is attained, free from suffering and the processes of rebirth.
'khor bral|The wife of the brahmin Agnidatta.
'khor bzhi po|The assemblies of monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.
'khor bzhi po|Male and female monastics and males and females holding lay vows.
'khor bzhi po|Monks, nuns, male lay precept-holders, and female lay precept-holders.
'khor bzhi po|The fourfold assembly comprises monks, nuns, and female and male lay practitioners.
'khor bzhi po|These are monks, nuns, and male and female followers of the householder code of conduct.
'khor bzhi po|The assemblies of monks (Skt. bhikṣu) and nuns (Skt. bhikṣuṇī), along with laymen (Skt. upāsaka) and laywomen (Skt. upāsikā).
'khor bzhi|Monks, nuns, and male and female lay practitioners.
'khor bzhi|Male and female monastics and males and females holding lay vows.
'khor bzhi|Male and female lay followers, and male and female monastic followers.
'khor bzhi|The “fourfold assembly” consists of monks, nuns, and male and female lay practitioners.
'khor bzhi|This denotes the assemblies of fully ordained monks and nuns, along with laymen and laywomen.
'khor bzhi|The assemblies of monks (Skt. bhikṣu) and nuns (Skt. bhikṣuṇī), along with laymen (Skt. upāsaka) and laywomen (Skt. upāsikā).
'khor dang bcas pa|The name of the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ palace in the realm Sukhāvatī.
'khor dang spyod pa|Alternative name for the realm of Retinue.
'khor gsum yongs su dag pa|A bodhisattva.
'khor gsum yongs su dag pa|Lit. “purified of the three spheres.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'khor gsum|Agent, act, and object.
'khor gsum|Object, agent, and action.
'khor gsum|A shorthand term for the triad of act, object, and agent that characterizes dualistic mind.
'khor gsum|The subject, the object, and the act of perception, which together constitute the pattern of duality.
'khor gsum|Subject, object, and the various physical and cognitive actions that proliferate based on that duality.
'khor gsum|These three aspects, literally “circles” or “provinces,” are the doer, the action, and the object of the action. Their purity is variously described as being free of self-interest or free of conceptualization.
'khor gyi khyams|This term describes a circular open space or a space for assembly.
'khor lnga|These may refer to the traditional possessions of mendicants, which Prebish 2002, p. 4 lists as “begging bowl, razor, needle, girding for the robes, and water strainer” in addition to the three robes.
'khor lo 'dzin|The 960th buddha in the first list, 959th in the second list, and 950th in the third list.
'khor lo dang dpung gi seng ge|Eightieth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
'khor lo khyud mo|A ring of mountains at the end of the sea.
'khor lo ltar bsdus pa'i mdo|This title only appears in The Hundred Deeds. It may be a shortened title for one of the various versions of the Dharmacakrapravartanasūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh31.html.
'khor lo ltar yongs su bskor ba mtshan ma'i bar|A place in Ultimate Torment.
'khor lo rab gnas rkang pa|Name of a bodhisattva.
'khor lo rin po che|One of the seven treasures of the cakravartin king. The precious wheel has one thousand spokes and is the treasure that gives the cakravartin his name, as a king with a “revolving wheel.” This magical wheel floats in the air and travels, followed by the cakravartin king and his army, to the continents they will conquer. In some descriptions the wheel is made of iron, copper, silver, or gold, depending on the degree of his power and the number of the four continents he will conquer. A illustrative passage about the precious wheel is found Toh 95, The Play in Full, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-94–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-96 (where “cakravartin” is translated as “universal monarch”). See also Toh 4087, the Kāraṇa prajñapti, folio 112.b.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4087.html
'khor lo sgyur ba'i rgyal po|A type of monarch who gains dominion over a large fraction or the entirety of the world.
'khor lo skor ba'i rgyal po|An ideal monarch or emperor who rules in accordance with the Dharma over the entire universe or large parts of it (whatever the spatial extent of the known universe at a given time is conceived to be). A world system can have only one universal monarch at one given time, just as it can have only one buddha. Like a buddha, a universal monarch possesses the thirty-two major marks of a great being (Skt. mahā puruṣa lakṣaṇa), and in addition he possesses seven precious objects: his magical wheel or disc, an elephant, a horse, a wish-fulfilling gem, a queen, a treasurer, and a counselor. He rules on the basis of ten royal qualities (Skt. rājadharma): generosity, ethical conduct, nonattachment, honesty, gentleness, austerity, non-anger, nonviolence, patience, and tolerance.
'khor lo sna tshogs|A world realm in the distant past.
'khor lo thogs pa med pa'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
'khor lo'i dbus kyi seng ge|Eightieth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
'khor los bsgyur ba'i rgyal po|Literally “wheel-wielder,” denotes a powerful being who has control over vast regions of the universe.
'khor los sgyur ba chen po|One of the mantra deities.
'khor los sgyur ba' rgyal po|Apart from the standard meaning of a universal emperor or wheel-turning monarch, this term, often along with “tathāgata,” is used as an epithet describing a class of mantra deities also referred to as “uṣṇīṣa kings.”
'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|A cakravartin is a king who rules over at least one continent and gains his territory by the rolling of his magic wheel over the land. Therefore, he is called a king with the revolving wheel. This is as the result of the merit he has accumulated in previous lifetimes.
'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|The concept of the benign universal monarch or emperor who rules in accordance with the law of the sacred teachings of Buddhism is one that has permeated Buddhist literature since the time of A śoka. Their appearance in the world is considered a unique and rare event, just as the appearance of a buddha is considered to be unique and rare.
'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|A term for an idealized, utopic vision of kingship in South Asian cultures. A universal ruler reigns over vast regions of the universe in accordance with principles of righteous law (dharma). Such a king is called a cakravartin because he possesses a wheel or discus (cakra) that rolls across different realms and brings them all under his power.
'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|The term “universal monarch” denotes a just and pious king who rules over the universe according to the laws of Dharma. Such a monarch is called a cakravartin because he wields a disk (cakra) that rolls (vartana) over continents, worlds, and world systems, bringing them under his power. A universal monarch is often considered the worldly, political correlate of a buddha.
'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|A ruler of one of the continents, possessing the mark of a wheel on the soles of his feet as a sign of his authority (Rigzin 38). Alternatively defined as someone who has the power to overcome, conquer, and rule all the inhabitants of one, two, three, or all four continents of a four-continent world system. In the Buddhist teachings this is considered an example of the most powerful rebirth possible within saṃsāra (rigpawiki, 2012).
'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|An ideal monarch or emperor who rules in accordance with the Dharma over the entire universe or large parts of it (whatever the spatial extent of the known universe at a given time is conceived to be). A world system can have only one universal monarch at one given time, just as it can have only one buddha. Like a buddha, a universal monarch possesses the thirty-two major marks of a great being (Skt. mahā puruṣa lakṣaṇa), and in addition he possesses seven precious objects: his magical wheel or disc, an elephant, a horse, a wish-fulfilling gem, a queen, a treasurer, and a counselor. He rules on the basis of ten royal qualities (Skt. rājadharma): generosity, ethical conduct, nonattachment, honesty, gentleness, austerity, non-anger, nonviolence, patience, and tolerance.
'khor los sgyur ba|Apart from the standard meaning of a universal emperor or wheel-turning monarch, this term, often along with “tathāgata,” is used as an epithet describing a class of mantra deities also referred to as “uṣṇīṣa kings.”
'khor los sgyur ba|An epithet for any great king, but especially those of the higher classes of beings, such as vidyādharas. When referring to a specific class of Buddhist deities, the term is left in its Sanskrit form; elsewhere the term has been translated as “wheel-turning monarch” or “emperor.”
'khor los sgyur ba|A just and pious monarch who rules over the universe according to the laws of Dharma. Such a monarch is called a cakravartin because he wields a disc (cakra) that rolls (vartana) over continents, worlds, and world systems, bringing them under his power. A universal monarch is often considered the secular, political correlate of a buddha.
'khor los sgyur ba|A term for an idealized, utopic vision of kingship in South Asian cultures. A cakravartin reigns over vast regions of the universe in accordance with principles of righteous law ( dharma ). Such a king is called a cakravartin because he possesses a wheel or discus (cakra) that rolls across different realms and brings them all under his power.
'khor los sgyur ba|The term “universal monarch” denotes a just and pious king who rules over the universe according to the laws of Dharma. Such a monarch is called a cakravartin because he wields disc (cakra) that rolls (vartana) over continents, worlds, and world systems, bringing them under his power. A universal monarch is often considered the secular, political correlate of a buddha.
'khor los sgyur ba|A cakravartin is a king who rules over at least one continent and gains his territory by the rolling of his magic wheel over the land. Therefore he is called a king with the revolving wheel. This is as the result of the merit he has accumulated in previous lifetimes. An illustrative passage about the cakravartin and his wheel can be found in Toh 95, The Play in Full https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-94–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-97 (here translated as “universal monarch”).
'khor los sgyur|Literally “wheel wielder,” this denotes a powerful being who has control over vast regions.
'khor lo|A wheel.
'khor lo|Lit. “wheel.”
'khor lo|Also rendered in this sūtra as “chakra.”
'khor lo|Circle; wheel; energy center in the subtle body—a vortex of channels.
'khor mchog|A thus-gone one of the past.
'khor mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Vardhana.
'khor mo 'jig|City where Buddha Śākyamuni gave his first teaching.
'khor na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
'khor rin po che dang me lta bu|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Infused with the Fragrance of Flowers.
'khor rnam pa bzhi|The “fourfold assembly” consists of monks, nuns, and the male and female lay practitioners.
'khor sa ldan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
'khor srung po|One of the Four Great Kings ({rgyal po chen po bzhi}) ruling the four directions of the desire realm. Dhṛtarāṣṭra rules the eastern direction and the gandharvas ({dri za}) that reside there. In The Question of Mañjuśrī the image of him is the forty-ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
'khor yug chen po|A mountain range.
'khor yug chen po|Name of a mountain range in Buddhist cosmology.
'khor yug la gnas pa|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
'khor yug|A mountain range.
'khor yug|Name of a mountain range in Buddhist cosmology.
'khor yug|Unidentified mountain, probably synonymous with Cakravaḍa, which sometimes refers to the mountain that leads to hell.
'khor yug|“Circular mass.” There are at least three interpretations of what this name refers to. In the Kṣitigarbha Sutra it is a mountain that contains the hells, in which case it is equivalent to the Vaḍaba submarine mountain of fire, also said to be the entrance to the hells. More commonly it is the name of the outer ring of mountains at the edge of the flat disk that is the world, with Sumeru in the center. This is also equated with Vaḍaba, the heat of which evaporates the ocean so that it does not overflow. Jambudvīpa, the world of humans is in this sea to Sumeru’s south. However, it is also used to mean the entire disk, including Sumeru and the paradises above it.
'khor yug|“Circular Mass.” There are at least four interpretations of what this name refers to. In the Kṣiti garbha Sūtra it is a mountain that contains the hells. It is also equivalent to the Vaḍaba submarine mountain of fire, which is also said to be the entrance to the hells. The term cakravāla is also used to mean “the entire disk of a world,” including Meru and the paradises above it. More commonly, as in this sūtra, it is the name of the outer ring of mountains at the edge of the flat disk of a world, with Sumeru in the center. Yet it is has the nature of heat, like the Mountain Vaḍaba, in that the heat of the ring of mountains evaporates the ocean so that it does not overflow. Also called Cakravāḍa.
'khor|One of the muhūrtas.
'khor|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
'khregs|The Gaṇḍa vyūha uses the same terminology as the Jain text Tandulaveyāliyua and differs from other sūtras. In the Nanda garbhāvakranti nirdeśa sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh57.html, ghana is translated as {mkhrad 'gyur}. Elsewhere it is {gor gor}.
'khro bo'i bdag po chen po|One of the epithets of Bhūtaḍāmara.
'khrug med grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānavara.
'khrug med|A northern buddha realm.
'khrug med|Father of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
'khrug med|The 787th buddha in the first list, 786th in the second list, and 776th in the third list.
'khrug pa med pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
'khrug pa med par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Cīrṇaprabha.
'khrug pa med par gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padmapārśva.
'khrug pa med pa|The 787th buddha in the first list, 786th in the second list, and 776th in the third list.
'khrug pa med|Father of the buddha Rativyūha.
'khrug pa|The Nibandhana explains this as “the fatigue that is preceded by grief and lamentation” (śoka parideva pūrvaka śramaḥ, Samtani 1971, p. 102).
'khrug sgra|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'khrul 'khor|A diagram drawn in tantric rituals.
'khrul 'khor|A magical diagram; any mechanical tool or device.
'khrul 'khor|This term can refer to a magical diagram or any mechanical tool or device (such as a siege weapon). In The Questions of the Householder Vīradatta it is used metaphorically in the latter sense to refer to the human body as a machine.
'khrul med blo|Attendant of the buddha Indradhvaja.
'khrul med blo|The 923rd buddha in the first list, 922nd in the second list, and 913th in the third list.
'khrul med gnas|Attendant of the buddha Subhaga.
'khrul med gshegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇicandra (347 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'khrul med sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Satyarāśi.
'khrul med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śānta.
'khrul pa med pa'i blo ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Abhaya (732 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'khrul pa med pa'i sems|Son of the buddha Puṣpa.
'khrul pa med par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Surāṣṭra.
'khrul pa med par sbyor ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇasañcaya (766 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'khrul pa med par sems pa|Attendant of the buddha Svaracodaka.
'khrul pa med par sems pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhugupta.
'khrul pa med par sems|Son of the buddha Janendra.
'khrul pa med par sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmapārśva.
'khrul pa med pa|First of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
'khrul pa med|Birthplace of the buddha Sahitaraśmi.
'khrul pa|Bewilderment is the confusion arising from the subject-object dichotomy and fundamental ignorance, on the basis of which rebirth in cyclic existence is perpetuated.
'khums pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
'khyil ba mtha' yas|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
'khyil bar byed pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its seventh week.
'khyil pa mtha' yas|The name of a dhāraṇī.
'khyil pa|A virtuous nāga king.
'khyud nas ldang ba'i ma ning|“The Chapter on Going Forth” defines this as, “One who becomes erect if embraced by another.” Though its exact meaning is not clear, fetishism seems to be implied. One of the five types of person labeled a paṇḍaka, all of whom are barred from joining the renunciate order.
'o byed ma|One of the seven types of ḍākinīs.
'o dod 'bod pa|Name of a hell.
'o dod 'bod pa|The fourth of the eight hot hells. In later translations it is {ngu 'bod}, which also means “wailing” as a compound of the words for “weep” and “shout.”
'o ma can gyi shing|Identified in the Mahābhārata and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html as a variety of date tree.
'o ma dang mtshungs par 'jug pa|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
'o ma'i chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
'o ma'i chu|One of the kings of the nāgas.
'o ma'i chu|A sea to the north of Jambudvīpa.
'o ma'i chu|An ocean between Godānīya and Videha.
'o thug gi 'dam|A river on Saṅkāśa.
'od 'bar zhing 'phro ba'i dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
'od 'bar|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od 'bar|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sukhacittin (813 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od 'chang|A tree deity.
'od 'chang|Son of the buddha Girikūṭaketu.
'od 'dom gang ba|Either the thirtieth of, or a supplement to, the thirty-two major marks.
'od 'dom gang mnyam pa|Sixty-third of the eighty minor marks.
'od 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Girikūṭaketu.
'od 'gyed pa|The 817th buddha in the first list, 816th in the second list, and 806th in the third list.
'od 'phags|Father of the buddha Devasūrya.
'od 'phags|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
'od 'phro ba can|A buddha realm.
'od 'phro ba can|The name of a bodhisattva stage.
'od 'phro ba can|The fourth ground of the bodhisattvas.
'od 'phro ba can|Lit. “Radiant.” The fourth level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
'od 'phro ba|The fourth bodhisattva bhūmi.
'od 'phro ba|(1) Celestial city occupied by Rāhu, king of the asuras ({'od can}). (2) A forest on the lower level of Living on the Peak ({'od 'phro ba}).
'od 'phro bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Arciṣmat.
'od 'phro can|Attendant of the buddha Gandhahastin.
'od 'phro can|Birthplace of the buddha Jyotiṣprabha.
'od 'phro chen pos bzhugs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'od 'phro chen po|Mother of the buddha Tiṣya.
'od 'phro chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mayūraruta (820 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od 'phro dri ma med pa|A buddha of a past eon.
'od 'phro gsal ba'i dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣprabha.
'od 'phro ma|Mother of the buddha Varabuddhi.
'od 'phro mnga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'od 'phro phung po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od 'phro rgya mtsho'i sgo'i sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
'od 'phro rtsub|A son of Māra.
'od 'phro snang bar byed pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ketumat.
'od 'phro snang|Mother of the buddha Jyotiṣprabha.
'od 'phro snang|Birthplace of the buddha Jyotīrāma.
'od 'phro tog|Birthplace of the buddha Viśvadeva.
'od 'phro'i 'od dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Tiṣya.
'od 'phro'i phung po chen po|Name of a tathāgata.
'od 'phro|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhavikrāmin.
'od 'phro|A wife of the ancient king Prajñāsārathi.
'od 'phro|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Immaculate One.
'od 'phro|A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 102nd in the third list.
'od 'phro|The 506th buddha in the first list, 506th in the second list, and 499th in the third list.
'od 'phro|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candra (354 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od bkod pa'i rgyal po|A tathāgata in the northwestern buddhafield Free of Darkness.
'od bkod pa|The name of an absorption.
'od bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Manoratha.
'od bkod pa|A bodhisattva present in the opening assembly, who later tells the story of his encounter with Vimalakīrti, who discourses to him about the seat of enlightenment.
'od brgya pa|A nāga king. The name means “having a hundred rays” and may be an alternate name for the nāga king Vasuki, Takṣaka, or Utpalaka.
'od brtan pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'od brtsegs snang ba|A tathāgata associated with Jñānolka.
'od bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i rgyal po|Acintya prabha rāja (King of Inconceivable Light ) is a bodhisattva who is the main speaker in Toh 104.
'od btang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Essence.
'od btang|A buddha.
'od byed dpal|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'od byed pa|The third bodhisattva bhūmi
'od byed pa|The name of a bodhisattva stage.
'od byed pa|The third ground of the bodhisattvas.
'od byed pa|Lit. “illuminator.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'od byed pa|Lit. “Light Maker.” The third level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
'od byed rgyal po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavīrya.
'od byed sbyin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
'od byed|Father of the buddha Arciṣmat.
'od byed|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'od byed|The 206th buddha in the first list, 205th in the second list, and 205th in the third list.
'od byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇāgradhārin.
'od byed|Name of a past king in a story the Buddha tells, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
'od byed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Viśiṣṭa svarāṅga (716 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od byin|Son of the buddha Suraśmi.
'od byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānākara.
'od bzang mo|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara; also an eminent daughter in Dhanyākara.
'od bzang po'i 'jig rten|Realm of a tathāgata.
'od bzang po|A buddha realm.
'od bzang po|Suprabhā (Beautiful Light) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Vairocana garbha.
'od bzang po|One of the eminent sons from Dhanyākara who in chapter 3 came with Sudhana to see Mañjuśrī.
'od bzang po|In chapter 21 it is the name of a city in the south of India. It is also the name of a forest in another world in the distant past during the kalpa of that name. The name means “excellent light.”
'od bzang po|“Excellent Light.” In chapter 41 it is the name of a kalpa in the distant past. Also in chapter 41 it is the name of a future kalpa with five hundred buddhas. In chapter 45 it is the name of another kalpa in the distant past.
'od bzangs ma|Mother of the buddha Sugandha.
'od bzangs|Mother of the buddha Adīna.
'od bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Acala.
'od bzangs|Father of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
'od bzangs|A certain gandharva princess, daughter of the gandharva king Tumburu.
'od bzangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anupamaśrī.
'od bzangs|The 592nd buddha in the first list, 591st in the second list, and 585th in the third list.
'od bzang|A sage; former incarnation of the Buddha.
'od bzang|One of the garuḍa kings. The Tib. {'od bzang} reads the Skt. Suprabha.
'od bzang|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
'od bzang|The 24th buddha in the first list, 24th in the second list, and 25th in the third list.
'od can grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
'od can ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'od can|A nāga king.
'od can|A temple on Mount Gośṛṅga.
'od can|Attendant of the buddha Suraśmi.
'od can|A Buddhist goddess (the name indicates her association with the sun and the light).
'od can|(1) Celestial city occupied by Rāhu, king of the asuras ({'od can}). (2) A forest on the lower level of Living on the Peak ({'od 'phro ba}).
'od chags pad ma mdzod|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od chen phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vibhaktagātra (197 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od chen po|Birthplace of the buddha Vratatapas.
'od chen po|“Great Light.” A kalpa in the distant past.
'od chen po|Name of a past king in a story the Buddha tells.
'od chen po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Immeasurable.
'od chen po|The name of one of the bodhisattvas present in Śrāvastī to proclaim and receive The Dhāraṇī of Agrapradīpa.
'od chen po|The name of one of the bodhisattvas in the Buddha Śākyamuni’s presence in Śrāvastī in chapter 1 (where it is translated as {rgya chen po'i 'od}), and the name of the king, one of Sudhana’s kalyāṇamitras, in chapter 22 (where it is translated as {'od chen po}).
'od chen|A bodhisattva.
'od chen|Name of a tathāgata.
'od chen|One of the form realms.
'od chen|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od chen|The 18th buddha in the first list, 18th in the second list, and 19th in the third list.
'od chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmadatta (103 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od chung|The fourth heaven of the realm of form; also the name of the gods living there.
'od chung|The second of the three paradises that are the third dhyāna paradises in the form realm.
'od chung|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, first of three levels of the second dhyāna realm.
'od chung|The fourth of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the second meditative absorption.
'od chung|Fourth god realm of form, meaning “Lesser Light,” it is the lowest of the three heavens that make up the second dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
'od chung|Lit. “Those Whose Radiated Light Is Circumscribed.” The fourth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa, it is listed as the first of the three heavens that correspond to the second of the four concentrations.
'od dag 'phro bas brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Somacchattra.
'od dag pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Shining with Beryl.
'od dag|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣya (514 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od dang ldan pa|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
'od dang ldan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūryaraśmi.
'od dbang mtha' yas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tiṣya.
'od dbang|Attendant of the buddha Śailendrarāja.
'od dkar po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
'od dpag mad|The buddha of the western realm of Sukhāvatī. In the sūtras more commonly known as Amitāyus.
'od dpag med mdzod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arthadarśin (31 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od dpag med|The buddha residing in the western buddha realm of Sukhāvatī. He is also known as Amitāyus.
'od dpag med|Amitābha (Immeasurable Light) is the buddha associated with the western realm of Sukhāvatī. He is also known as Amitāyus.
'od dpag med|Also known as Amitāyus, he is a tathāgata associated with longevity. Among the five families, he is the head of the lotus family.
'od dpag med|“One of Limitless Splendor,” the name of one of the bodhisattvas present in Śrāvastī to proclaim and receive The Dhāraṇī of Agrapradīpa.
'od dpag med|One of the most important buddhas in the Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna pantheon, Amitābha is the buddha presiding over the western Pure Land of Sukhāvatī.
'od dpag med|Buddha associated with Sukhāvatī; buddha of the western direction; principal buddha of the Pure Land tradition; as the bodhisattva Dharmākara, he made fourty-eight original vows (praṇidhāna) to bring beings to enlightenment, thus establishing Sukhāvatī for their benefit; in tantrism he is one of the five dhyāni-buddhas and is associated with the aggregate of notions (saṃjñā skandha).
'od dpag tu med pa|“Infinite Light.”
'od dpag tu med pa|Originally primarily known as Amitāyus, the buddha of the western realm of Sukhāvatī. Rebirth in that realm has been an important goal since early Mahāyāna.
'od dpal mtho ris mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Akṣobhyavarṇa.
'od dpal rgyal po|The twenty-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
'od dpal|Name of a bodhisattva.
'od dpal|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'od dpal|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
'od dpal|A bodhisattva of the past world Stainless who received a dhāraṇī from the Tathāgata Stainless Illumination. A past incarnation of the bodhisattva Dhāraṇīśvara rāja.
'od dri ma med pa'i dpal gyi gzi brjid bzang po'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
'od dri ma med pa|Name of the thirty-eighth meditative stability.
'od dri ma med pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od dri ma med pa|Lit. “stainless light.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'od gnas mtshungs pa|The 422nd buddha in the first list, 421st in the second list, and 415th in the third list.
'od grags pa|A bodhisattva and Dharma preacher.
'od grags|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od gsal ba|Mother of the buddha Prasanna.
'od gsal ba|A forest in Dwelling in Excellent View.
'od gsal ba|Clear light or luminosity refers to the subtlest level of mind, i.e., the fundamental, essential nature of all cognitive events. Though ever present within all sentient beings, this luminosity becomes manifest only when the gross mind has ceased to function. It is said that such a dissolution is experienced naturally by ordinary beings at the time of death, but it can also be experientially cultivated through certain meditative practices.
'od gsal blo gros ma|Mother of the buddha Jñānakośa.
'od gsal dri med sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vidvat.
'od gsal|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, third of three levels of the second dhyāna realm.
'od gsal|The sixth heaven of the form realm, it is the highest of the three heavens of the second dhyāna.
'od gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidyutprabha (372 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od gsal|Sixth god realm of form, meaning “luminosity,” it is the highest of the three heavens that make up the second dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
'od gsal|The sixth of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the second meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-261 .
'od gsal|Lit. “Clear Light.” The sixth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the third of the three heavens that correspond to the second of the four concentrations.
'od gtsang|The 657th buddha in the first list, 656th in the second list, and 648th in the third list.
'od gzer bzang dpal|A prince in another world in the distant past. Also known as Suraśmi.
'od gzer bzang po|“Excellent Light Rays.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
'od gzer bzang po|A prince in another world in the distant past. Also known as Suraśmiketu.
'od gzer dpal gyi ri bo'i snying po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
'od gzer sna tshogs 'bar ba'i zla ba|A buddha in the distant past.
'od gzer yon tan gyi cod pan ye shes dang shes rab kyi 'od|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
'od gzer zla ba mdzod spu'i sprin|A buddha in the distant past.
'od gzhal du med pa|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
'od kyi 'byung gnas|A buddha.
'od kyi bkod pa yang dag par bsgrubs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmadatta.
'od kyi blo gros|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
'od kyi byung gnas|Name of a tathāgata.
'od kyi dbang po|Father of the buddha Sarva vara guṇa prabha.
'od kyi dkyil 'khor 'dzin pa|A buddha.
'od kyi dkyil 'khor can|A great bodhisattva.
'od kyi dkyil 'khor gser gyi me tog|A park in another world in the distant past. The name as given in the prose. In verse it is called Svarṇa puṣpa prabhava.
'od kyi dkyil 'khor gzi brjid phung po|A great bodhisattva.
'od kyi dkyil 'khor gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha.
'od kyi dkyil 'khor mngon par 'phags pa'i me tog dpal gyi gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha in the eastern direction.
'od kyi dkyil 'khor ye shes mtha' yas 'byung gnas|A buddha.
'od kyi dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
'od kyi dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
'od kyi gzi brjid rnam par bsgrags pa grags pa|A great bodhisattva.
'od kyi gzi brjid sangs rgyas las yang dag par byung ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tejorāja.
'od kyi kha dog can|Mother of the buddha Pratibhāna varṇa.
'od kyi kyil 'khor ye shes mtha' yas 'byung gnas|A buddha.
'od kyi mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Sughoṣa.
'od kyi phreng ba|A tathāgata.
'od kyi phung po chen po|Father of the buddha Pradīparāja.
'od kyi phung po chen po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānakūṭa.
'od kyi rgyal mtshan dpal|The twenty-eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past, and also the eighty-seventh in the same kalpa. BHS in verse: Prabha ketu śirī.
'od kyi rgyal po|A buddha.
'od kyi tog|A bodhisattva.
'od kyi tog|Name of a bodhisattva.
'od kyi tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
'od kyi tshogs|Mother of the buddha Māradama.
'od kyi zla ba dri snang ba'i dpal|A tathāgata invoked in a mantra.
'od kyi zla ba dri snang ba'i dpal|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'od kyis brgyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Candra.
'od kyis brgyan|Mother of the buddha Suraśmi.
'od kyis gsal bar mdzad cing gshegs pa|Sixty-fourth of the eighty minor marks.
'od kyis legs par brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Sukhābha.
'od kyis rnam par rtse ba mngon par shes pa|A bodhisattva.
'od kyis yang dag brgyan|Name of a bodhisattva.
'od ldan ma|A goddess of the ocean.
'od ldan ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
'od ldan ma|Son of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
'od ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Vajrasena.
'od ldan ma|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānakūṭa.
'od ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'od ldan|Father of the buddha Ratnābhacandra.
'od ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Anantatejas.
'od ldan|Attendant of the buddha Jyotiṣprabha.
'od ldan|A king who was the Buddha in a former life.
'od ldan|Attendant of the buddha Ananta guṇa tejorāśi.
'od ldan|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
'od lhun po|A buddha.
'od ma can gyi klung|A river.
'od ma can|A village.
'od ma'i chu|A lake on Equal Peaks.
'od ma'i dbyug pa can|The residence of a king.
'od ma'i tshal bya ka lan da ka gnas pa|The famous bamboo grove near Rājagṛha where the Buddha regularly stayed and gave teachings. It was situated on land donated by King Śreṇya Bimbisāra of Magadha and, as such, was the first of several landholdings donated to the Buddhist community during the time of the Buddha. Kalandaka nivāpa means “feeding place of the kalandakas,” where kalandaka could refer to a flying squirrel or bird, as explained by differing sources.https://read.84000.co/knowledgebase/venuvana-kalandakanivapa.html
'od ma'i tshal|King Bimbisāra’s park (lit. “Bamboo Grove”) near Rājagṛha. Here the Buddha dwelled regularly and gave many teachings.
'od ma'i tshal|A park near Rājagṛha. It was the first settled residence dedicated to the Buddhist saṅgha, offered to the Buddha by King Bimbisāra of Magadha.
'od ma'i tshal|The park of Veṇuvana was the first settled residence specifically dedicated to the Buddhist saṅgha, offered to the Buddha by King Bimbisāra of Magadha.
'od ma'i tshal|A bamboo grove or forest containing a monastery, north of Rājagṛha, where Buddha Śākyamuni spent several monsoon retreats and delivered many Great Vehicle teachings.
'od ma'i tshal|“Bamboo Grove,” a garden in Rājagṛha and a favorite residence of the Buddha and his disciples. It was situated on land donated by King Bimbisāra of Magadha and was the first of several landholdings donated to the Buddhist community during the time of the Buddha.
'od ma'i tshal|The famous bamboo grove near Rājagṛha where the Buddha regularly stayed and gave teachings. It was situated on land donated by King Bimbisāra of Magadha and, as such, was the first of several landholdings donated to the Buddhist community during the time of the Buddha.https://read.84000.co/knowledgebase/venuvana-kalandakanivapa.html
'od mang po|A divine being.
'od mas khyab par gyur pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
'od ma|Twenty-fifth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
'od mchog dpal|Father of the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin.
'od mchog kha lo sgyur|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimuktacūḍa.
'od mchog|Attendant of the buddha Muktaprabha.
'od mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Satyaketu.
'od mchog|A bodhisattva in the distant past who was a previous life of Mañjuśrī. Also known as Śrīgarbha.
'od mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Varabuddhi (729 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od mdzad|A buddha.
'od mdzad|The 45th buddha in the first list, 45th in the second list, and 46th in the third list.
'od mdzad|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to the east of the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
'od mdzes pa|Mother of the buddha Satyacara.
'od mdzod|The 625th buddha in the first list, 624th in the second list, and 617th in the third list.
'od mtha' yas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Damajyeṣṭha.
'od mtha' yas pa|Lit. “endless light.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'od mtha' yas sangs rgyas me tog 'byung|A buddha.
'od mtha' yas|Mother of the buddha Sudarśana.
'od mtha' yas|The name of a bodhisattva in this discourse.
'od mtha' yas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaprabha (202 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od mtha' yas|“Infinite Light,” the name of the buddha who presides over Sukhāvatī, also called Amitāyus or Aparimitāyus. Traditionally equated, too, with Dundubhi svara rāja.
'od mtha'|Son of the buddha Vairocana.
'od mthong|Attendant of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
'od mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Sthita buddhi rūpa.
'od ni 'bar ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṣemaṃkara (967 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od ni mtha' yas bdag nyid chen po|Father of the buddha Pratibhāna varṇa.
'od ni rtag pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ugraprabha.
'od nyi ma kun tu snang ba'i rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
'od phung gzi brjid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidhijña (815 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od po che|Birthplace of the buddha Baladeva.
'od po che|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇaprabhāsa.
'od rab dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahātejas (56 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od rgyal chos kyi zla|A buddha in the distant past.
'od rgyal ma|Mother of the buddha Candrapradīpa.
'od rnam par dag pa'i 'od zer rgyal po|A buddha.
'od rnam par dag pa|A past buddha realm where the buddha Teacher of the Power of Great Wisdom resided.
'od rnam par snang ba|A vast family of world realms that contains our Sahā universe of a thousand million worlds.
'od rtag pa|Birthplace of the buddha Suraśmi.
'od rtag|Birthplace of the buddha Vidyutketu.
'od sbyin|Son of the buddha Aśoka.
'od sbyin|Father of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja.
'od shin tu yangs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'od shugs|A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 800th in the third list.
'od skyong ma|Mother of the buddha Sujāta.
'od snang mtha' yas pa|The buddha of the western realm of Sukhāvatī, he is also known as Amitāyus. The Tibetan translation of Amitābha in this sūtra differs from the usual translations, either {'od dpag med} or {snang ba mtha' yas}. It is also the name in chapter 44 of a future buddha in this kalpa. In that instance the Tibetan is {mi dpogs 'od}.
'od snang rdo rje|A buddha.
'od snang|A forest in Shining in Manifold Ways.
'od spyod|The 957th buddha in the first list, 956th in the second list, and 947th in the third list.
'od srung byin pa can|A disciple of the Buddha.
'od srung chen po|One of the Buddha’s principal śrāvaka disciples, he became a leader of the saṅgha after the Buddha’s passing.
'od srung chen po|One of the Buddha’s principal pupils, who became the Buddha’s successor on his passing. Also rendered here as “Kāśyapa.”
'od srung chen po|One of the principal disciples of the Buddha, known for his ascetic practice. He is the main interlocutor in The Great Lion’s Roar of Maitreya. Also known as Kāśyapa.
'od srung chen po|Foremost disciple of the Buddha; he inherited the leadership of the saṅgha after the Parinirvāṇa. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-924 .
'od srung chen po|One of the Buddha Śākyamuni’s foremost disciples. Known for his prowess in ascetic discipline, he became the head of the monastic community after the Buddha Śākyamuni passed into parinirvāṇa.
'od srung chen po|A monk of Buddha Śākyamuni’s order who was first in the apostolic succession that carried on Lord Buddha’s teaching after his parinirvāṇa. Also rendered here simply as “Kāśyapa.”\nNot to be confused with Buddha Kāśyapa, nor with Uruvilvā Kāśyapa, Nadī Kāśyapa, or Pūraṇa Kāśyapa, nor with Nirgrantha Kāśyapa, nor Foremost Kāśyapa.
'od srung gtso bo|A brahmin who lived before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni. In The Hundred Deeds he is said to have lived in the wilderness, gone forth in front of a certain sage, and manifested the four meditations and the five superknowledges.
'od srung rdzogs byed|One of the six outsider teachers.
'od srung rdzogs byed|One of the six teachers at the time of the Buddha.
'od srung rdzogs byed|One of the six philosophical extremists who lived during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od srungs chen po|One of the Buddha’s principal pupils, he became the Buddha’s successor on his passing. Also the preceding Buddha, the third in this kalpa, with Śākyamuni as the fourth. He is also called Kāśyapa. Elsewhere often spelled {'od srung chen po}.
'od srung|The sixth of the seven tathāgatas/buddhas. Identified in other texts as the third buddha to appear in the present eon, and thus the immediated predecessor of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od srung|An Indian sage, also known as Pūraṇa Kaśyapa, who maintained the doctrine of non-action (akriyāvāda). Not to be confused with one of the Buddha’s foremost disciples, who had the same name.
'od srung|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas; one of the previous buddhas; one of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; also a short name of Mahākāśyapa.
'od srung|Buddha of a previous age.\nNot to be confused with the monk Kāśyapa of Buddha Śākyamuni’s order, nor with Uruvilvā Kāśyapa, Nadī Kāśyapa, or Pūraṇa Kāśyapa, nor with Nirgrantha Kāśyapa, nor Foremost Kāśyapa.
'od srung|Given name of “Nirgrantha Kinsman of the Kāśyapas.”\nNot to be confused with Kāśyapa, buddha of a previous age; the monk Kāśyapa of Buddha Śākyamuni’s order; nor with Uruvilvā Kāśyapa, Nadī Kāśyapa, or Pūraṇa Kāśyapa; nor Foremost Kāśyapa.
'od srung|One of the Buddha’s principal pupils, who became the Buddha’s successor on his passing. Also the name of the preceding Buddha, the third in this eon, with Śākyamuni as the fourth. Also one of the seven great rishis of ancient India at the origin of Vedic culture. He is portrayed in this sūtra as coming to make offerings to the Buddha along with the other great rishis.
'od tshad med|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Fully Joyous.
'od yang dag 'phags|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
'od zab mo zhi ba brtsegs pa|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
'od zer 'bar ba'i gtsug phud|A buddha in the distant past.
'od zer 'bar ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Durjaya (604 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od zer 'bar|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhākośa (617 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od zer 'byung ba|Name of an absorption.
'od zer 'phro ba|A realm in the Heaven Free from Strife.
'od zer bcu pa|The 288th buddha in the first list, 287th in the second list, and 287th in the third list.
'od zer bcus bdud rab tu dul ba|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
'od zer bcu|Birthplace of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
'od zer bla ma|Son of the buddha Mahātejas.
'od zer brgya 'phro ba can|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
'od zer brgya pa|A buddha.
'od zer brgya pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhapakṣa.
'od zer brgya stong yongs su rdzogs pa'i rgyal mtshan|The name of Yaśodharā when she becomes a buddha in the future.
'od zer brtsegs|A buddha.
'od zer byed pa'i snying po|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
'od zer byin|Son of the buddha Sūryaraśmi.
'od zer byin|Attendant of the buddha Druma.
'od zer byung ba|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
'od zer bzang po|Son of the buddha Jñānākara.
'od zer bzang po|Father of the buddha Maṇicandra.
'od zer bzang po|The 733rd buddha in the first list, 732nd in the second list, and 722nd in the third list.
'od zer bzang po|A buddha who in the second enumeration appears between the buddhas Puṇyaraśmi and Śrotriya.
'od zer bzang po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhahasta (377 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od zer bzang|Father of the buddha Laḍitavikrama.
'od zer can|The realm of the Buddha Difficult to Bear.
'od zer can|The world where Mahā maudgalyāyana’s mother was reborn.
'od zer can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Shining Jewel.
'od zer can|A Buddhist goddess (the name indicates her association with the sun and the light).
'od zer can|A goddess; a rākṣasī in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
'od zer can|A buddha of a previous eon.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-073-001.html#UT22084-073-001-748 .
'od zer chen po|Father of the buddha Vratatapas.
'od zer chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja.
'od zer chen po|The 482nd buddha in the first list, 481st in the second list, and 475th in the third list.
'od zer che|The 377th buddha in the first list, 376th in the second list, and 371st in the third list.
'od zer chos kyi dbyings su snang ba|A buddha in a realm in the downward direction.
'od zer chu'i lha|The guardian deity of the gate at the Buddha’s monastery near Rājagṛha.
'od zer dag pa|Name of a tathāgata.
'od zer don yod|The 406th buddha in the first list, 405th in the second list, and 399th in the third list.
'od zer dpag med|A buddha.
'od zer dra ba can|A bodhisattva in the northwestern buddhafield Free of Darkness.
'od zer dra ba|The 697th buddha in the first list, 696th in the second list, and 687th in the third list.
'od zer du ma|A great bodhisattva.
'od zer gyi bkod pa|“Array of Light Rays.” Name by which Vimalaśraddhā will be known upon her attainment of buddhahood.
'od zer gyi bu|One of the mahoraga kings.
'od zer gyi dra ba chen po rab tu snang ba'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
'od zer gyi gzi brjid me tog kun tu rgyas pa'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vararūpa.
'od zer gyi phreng ba can|A mountain in the eastern sea beyond Jambudvīpa.
'od zer gyi zhal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'od zer gyis rgyal ba|A buddha realm.
'od zer gyis rtse mo|A forest on the lower level of Living on the Peak.
'od zer gzhal med khang|Attendant of the buddha Puṣya.
'od zer khyad par du 'phags pa|Name of Heroic Strength when he becomes a buddha.
'od zer kun nas 'byung ba|A bodhisattva of the east.
'od zer kun nas 'phags pa'i dpal brtsegs rgyal po|“King of Heaped Splendors That Shine Above All.” The name that Avalokiteśvara will have when he becomes a tathāgata. The Sanskrit name is attested in the Karuṇā puṇḍarīka sūtra.
'od zer kun nas mngon 'phags dpal brtsegs rgyal po|The name of Prince Ratnākara once he attains awakening.
'od zer ldan pa|The 364th buddha in the first list, 363rd in the second list, and 358th in the third list.
'od zer ldan|The father of prince Puṇyaraśmi.
'od zer mang po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'od zer ma|A Buddhist goddess (the name indicates her association with the sun and the light).
'od zer mchog|Mother of the buddha Abhyudgata.
'od zer mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Citraraśmi.
'od zer mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Supriya.
'od zer mi zad pa|Birthplace of the buddha Akṣaya.
'od zer mngon par 'phags pa'i dpal|A buddha.
'od zer mngon par dga' ba|A forest in Total Pleasure.
'od zer mtha' yas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
'od zer mtha' yas|A buddha.
'od zer mtha' yas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇakīrti (121 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od zer mu khyud|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
'od zer phung po|The 456th buddha in the first list, 455th in the second list, and 449th in the third list.
'od zer rab tu 'gyed pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
'od zer rab tu 'gyed pa|Lit. “diffusion of light rays.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'od zer rab tu btang ba|A buddha.
'od zer rab tu gtong ba'i zla ba|A bodhisattva.
'od zer rab tu snang ba|The name Kāśyapa will have when he becomes a buddha in the distant future.
'od zer rgyal po'i sgron ma|A bodhisattva.
'od zer rgyal po|A buddha.
'od zer rgyal po|The 517th buddha in the first list, 517th in the second list, and 510th in the third list.
'od zer rnam par 'phro ba|Birthplace of the buddha Subuddhi.
'od zer rtag pa|A world system.
'od zer sgrub pa|Lit. “light-ray producer.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'od zer shin tu stug po pad ma rab tu rgyas pa'i sku|Lotus Body Blooming from Dense Light Rays is a buddha who inhabits a buddhafield. Buddhas with similar names are said to inhabit the buddhafield Avaivartika cakra nirghoṣā in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-37.html#UT22084-036-008-59 and http://read.84000.co/translation/toh104.html#UT22084-048-004-74
'od zer sna tshogs|The 564th buddha in the first list, 564th in the second list, and 557th in the third list.
'od zer snang ba mtha' yas|A buddha from a previous eon.
'od zer snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Suraśmi.
'od zer srung|Son of Śakra.
'od zer srung|Name of a bodhisattva.
'od zer stong gi 'od 'phro|A bodhisattva.
'od zer stong ldan|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'od zer thogs pa med par shin tu sbyangs pa'i 'od kyi gzi brjid bar ba|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
'od zer thogs pa med pa|Name of an absorption.
'od zer thogs pa med pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'od zer tshim|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣya (235 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od zer yangs pa|Father of the buddha Avabhāsadarśin.
'od zer yangs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānapriya (808 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od zer yid du 'ong ba|Birthplace of the buddha Supriya.
'od zer yid du 'ong ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnayaśas.
'od zer zla ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Subāhu.
'od zer|One of the mahoraga kings.
'od zer|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
'od zer|The 93rd buddha in the first list, 93rd in the second list, and 94th in the third list.
'od zhi spos snang dpal|The name of a tathāgata.
'od zhi|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anantarūpa (177 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'od|A buddha realm.
'od|The name of a nakṣatra.
'od|The name of various kings.
'od|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
'og ma'i cha dang 'thun pa'i kun tu sbyor ba lnga|The five fetters associated with the lower realms comprise desire, hatred, inertia due to wrong views, attachment to moral and ascetic supremacy, and hesitation. See Zhang Yisun et al (1985): 2529.
'og min|The highest of the buddhafields. The term can be used to indicate the pure realm of the dharmakāya in general or can refer to the six realms between the highest heaven of the form realm and the realm of dharmakāya.
'og min|The highest of the seventeen paradises in the form realm. Within the form realm it is the highest of the eight paradises of the fourth dhyāna. Within the fourth dhyāna it is the highest of the five Śuddhāvāsika (pure abode) paradises.
'og min|Lit. “Not Below.” The highest of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the fifth of the five Pure Abodes.
'og min|The highest of the seventeen heavens of the form realm and the fifth and highest of the five Pure Abodes. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the fourth meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-284 .
'og min|The eighth and highest level of the realm of form (rūpadhātu); it is only accessible as the result of specific states of concentration. According to some texts this is where non-returners (anāgāmin) dwell in their last lives. In other texts it is the realm of the enjoyment body (saṃbhogakāya) and is a buddhafield associated with the Buddha Vairocana that is accessible only to bodhisattvas on the tenth level.
'og min|The eighth and highest level of the Realm of Form (rūpadhātu, {gzugs khams}), and thus part of the world of the Brahmā gods (brahmaloka, {gtsang ris}); it is only accessible as the result of specific states of dhyāna. According to some texts this is where non-returners (anāgāmin) dwell in their last lives. In other texts it is the realm of the enjoyment body (saṃbhoga kāya, {longs spyod rdzogs pa'i sku}) and is a buddhafield associated with the Buddha Vairocana; it is accessible only to bodhisattvas on the tenth level.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-054-003.html#UT22084-054-003-67 ).
'og pag bzang mo|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the great yakṣiṇīs.
'og pag can|A vidyā queen (vidyārājñī).
'og pag chen mo|One of the goddesses in one of the paintings of Mañjuśrī.
'og pag ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; also a yakṣiṇī invoked in magical rites.
'og pag|Sash, waistband.
'og zhal ma|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
'ong ba med pa rnam par gnon pa|A bodhisattva.
'phags 'dul|Father of the buddha Durjaya.
'phags 'dul|Attendant of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
'phags 'joms mdzad|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūrata (35 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'phags be'u ma|Mother of the buddha Arhatkīrti.
'phags byin 'od|Attendant of the buddha Gandhābha.
'phags bzang ma|Mother of the buddha Subhadra.
'phags dad byin|Attendant of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
'phags dad gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anupamavādin.
'phags dad|Attendant of the buddha Pūjya.
'phags dgyes byed|Mother of the buddha Sudatta.
'phags dgyes dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Raśmi.
'phags dgyes|Attendant of the buddha Guṇendradeva.
'phags dul|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyahastin (530 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'phags lam yan lag brgyad|Eight factors whereby the training on the path of cultivation takes place.
'phags lam yan lag brgyad|The Buddhist path as presented in the Śrāvaka Vehicle: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right samādhi.
'phags las nyan|Mother of the buddha Puṇyamati.
'phags ma|The wife of a householder.
'phags ma|Generally has the common meaning of a noble female, one of a higher class or caste. In Dharma terms it means a female who has gained the realization of the path and is superior for that reason.
'phags mnyam|Mother of the buddha Ṛṣīndra.
'phags pa 'dod|Son of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
'phags pa bsdus|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Toṣitatejas.
'phags pa dad byed|Son of the buddha Gaṇendra.
'phags pa dad par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Sutīrtha.
'phags pa dad par byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhavapuṣpa.
'phags pa dad|Father of the buddha Jñānapriya.
'phags pa dgyes pa|The 755th buddha in the first list, 754th in the second list, and 744th in the third list.
'phags pa dgyes|Attendant of the buddha Puruṣadatta.
'phags pa dgyes|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Saṃjaya.
'phags pa dul ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Campaka (451 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'phags pa gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
'phags pa gzigs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
'phags pa la dad pa'i tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Madaprahīṇa.
'phags pa lha|One of the great masters of Indian Buddhism. The main disciple of Nāgārjuna, he lived in the early a.d. centuries and wrote numerous important works of Mādhyamika philosophy.
'phags pa nyan thos|A practitioner of the Disciple Vehicle teaching who has reached at least the initial stages of realization.
'phags pa spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug|The bodhisattva who embodies compassion, also mentioned in this text as Āryāva loki teśvara, the noble Avaloki teśvara.
'phags pa thogs med|This great Indian philosopher lived in the fourth century and was the founder of the Vijñānavāda, or “Consciousness-Only,” school of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
'phags pa'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Kathendra.
'phags pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Āryapriya.
'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi po rnams|The truths of suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path leading to the cessation of suffering.
'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi|The four truths the Buddha realized at his enlightenment: the truth of suffering, the truth of the origin, the truth of cessation, and the truth of the path.
'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi|The first teaching of the Buddha, covering (1) suffering, (2) the origin of suffering, (3) the cessation of suffering, and (4) the path to the cessation of suffering.
'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi|The four truths that the Buddha realized and transmitted in his first teaching: (1) suffering, (2) the origin of suffering, (3) the cessation of suffering, and (4) the path to the cessation of suffering.
'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi|The four noble truths, as stated in this sūtra, are: the comprehension of suffering, the abandoning of the cause of suffering, the actualization of the cessation of suffering, and the practice of the path.
'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi|A paradigmatic set of teachings traditionally believed to have been taught in the Buddha’s very first sermon. They are the truths of suffering, the arising of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path that leads to the cessation of suffering.
'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi|The four noble truths, as listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-153 , comprise (1) the noble truth of suffering, (2) the noble truth of the origin of suffering, (3) the noble truth of the cessation of suffering, and (4) the noble truth of the path. (See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-154 ).\nOn the twelve aspects pertaining to the four noble truths, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1530 .
'phags pa'i bden pa|The four truths that the Buddha realized: suffering, origin, cessation, and path. They are named “truths of noble beings” since only “noble beings” with knowledge of reality can understand them.
'phags pa'i bden pa|The four truths of āryas are the truths of suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the eightfold path to that cessation. They are called the truths of the āryas, as it is the āryas who have perceived them perfectly and without error.
'phags pa'i don|Mother of the buddha Bhāgīratha.
'phags pa'i dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Cīrṇaprabha (947 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'phags pa'i gtsug tor|Another name of Abhyudgatoṣṇīṣa.
'phags pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
'phags pa'i lam gyi yan lag brgyad|The Buddhist path as presented in the Śrāvakayāna: right view, right intention, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right recollection, and right samādhi.
'phags pa'i lam gyi yan lag brgyad|These are right view (samyagdṛṣṭi), right consideration (samyak saṃkalpa), right speech (samyakvāk), right terminal action (samyak karmānta), right livelihood (samyagajiva), right effort (samyag vyāyāma), right remembrance (samyak smṛti), and right concentration (samyak samādhi). They are variously defined in the different Buddhist schools. These eight form a part of the thirty-seven aids to enlightenment (see entry).
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad pa|Part of the thirty-seven aspects of awakening.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad pa|Eight factors whereby the training on the path of cultivation takes place.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad pa|Right view, intention, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad pa|Correct view, intention, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. These eight are included in the thirty-seven elements of awakening.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad pa|(1) Right view, (2) right understanding, (3) right speech, (4) right action, (5) right livelihood, (6) right effort, (7) right mindfulness, and (8) right meditation. See also thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad|The eight limbs of the noble path: right view, thinking, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and meditative absorption.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad|Right view, right idea, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right meditative stabilization.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad|The path leading to the accomplishment of a worthy one, consisting of correct (1) view, (2) intention, (3) speech, (4) action, (5) livelihood, (6) effort, (7) mindfulness, and (8) absorption.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad|Path leading to the attainment of an arhat, consisting of right (1) view, (2) intention, (3) speech, (4) action, (5) livelihood, (6) effort, (7) mindfulness, and (8) meditative concentration.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad|The noble eightfold path, enumerated in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-165 , comprises (1) correct view, (2) correct ideation, (3) correct speech, (4) correct action, (5) correct livelihood, (6) correct effort, (7) correct recollection, and (8) correct meditative stability.
'phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad|Eight factors constituting the path of cultivation, namely: right view, right intention, right speech, right activity, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right absorption.. These are further explained in this text, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-4043 – https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-4044 .
'phags pa'i lam|Right view, examination, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and samādhi. These eight are included in the thirty-seven factors for enlightenment.
'phags pa'i lam|The noble eightfold path, enumerated in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-1583 , comprises (1) right view, (2) right idea, (3) right speech, (4) right conduct, (5) right livelihood, (6) right effort, (7) right mindfulness, and (8) right meditative stabilization.
'phags pa'i lha|Father of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
'phags pa'i me tog|Attendant of the buddha Ṛṣīndra.
'phags pa'i me tog|Mother of the buddha Vigataśoka.
'phags pa'i me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sārathi (294 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'phags pa'i nor bdun|Faith, discipline, learning, generosity, a sense of shame, fear of blame, and wisdom.
'phags pa'i nor bdun|Dungkar Rinpoche gives two similar lists of the seven treasures of a noble being: (1) faith, ethics, generosity, learning, samaya, a conscience, and wisdom; and (2) faith, ethics, learning, generosity, a conscience, propriety, and wisdom (dung dkar, 2002, pp. 1370–71).
'phags pa'i nor bdun|(1) Faith (sŕaddhā, {dad pa}), (2) moral discipline (śīla, {tshul khrims}), (3) hearing (śruta, {thos pa}), (4) generosity (tyāga, {gtong ba}), (5) a sense of shame (hrī, {ngo tsha shes pa}), (6) dread of blame (āpatrāpya, {khrel yod pa}), (7) wisdom (prajñā, {shes rab}) (Rigzin 271).
'phags pa'i rigs bzhi|To be content with simple clothing, food, dwelling, and possessions.
'phags pa'i rigs bzhi|Being content with simple food, simple clothing, a simple dwelling place, and few possessions.
'phags pa'i rigs bzhi|The attributes of a practitioner; the first three are garments, food, and bedding, and the fourth is the dedication to the path of liberation.
'phags pa'i rigs|Being content with one’s garments, food, and lodging and observing ethical behavior.
'phags pa'i rigs|This refers to four rigors that typify noble ones: contentment with the robes, food, and bed that one receives, and devotion to the path of liberation.
'phags pa'i yan lag brgyad dang ldan pa'i bsnyen gnas|To refrain from (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual activity, (4) false speech, (5) intoxication, (6) singing, dancing, music, and beautifying oneself with adornments or cosmetics, (7) using a high or large bed, and (8) eating at improper times. Typically, this observance is maintained by lay people for twenty-four hours on new moon and full moon days, as well as other special days in the lunar calendar.
'phags par gzhol|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnābhacandra.
'phags pas bltas|Birthplace of the buddha Samadhyāyin.
'phags pas bsngags|Birthplace of the buddha Ṛṣiprasanna.
'phags pas bsngags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ghoṣasvara.
'phags pas bstod|The 884th buddha in the first list, 883rd in the second list, and 874th in the third list.
'phags pa|Also known as a “noble being,” “exalted being,” “a superior”; one who has attained the third path, i.e., the path of seeing upon which one becomes a real saṅgha refuge.
'phags pa|Generally has the common meaning of a noble male, one of a higher class or caste. In Dharma terms it means a male who has gained the realization of the path and is superior for that reason.
'phags pa|The Sanskrit ārya generally has the common meaning of a noble person, one of a higher class or caste. In Dharma terms it means one who has gained the realization of the path and is superior for that reason.
'phags pa|Someone who has entered the “path of seeing,” i.e., who has a direct and stable realization of selflessness, ceases to be an “ordinary person,” and has entered the path that culminates in becoming an arhat.
'phags pa|When referring to a person, it is someone who has entered the “path of seeing”—someone who has a direct and stable realization of the four truths of the noble ones and who thus ceases to be an “ordinary person,” becoming a “noble one.”
'phags pa|An honorific term used to refer to anything of exalted status. Thus, it can refer to a noble person, one of a higher class or caste. In the context of Buddhism, it refers to one who has gained realization on the path of seeing and thus understands selflessness.
'phags rgyal|The kingdom of King Anantanemi.
'phags rgyal|A city in ancient India, corresponding to modern Ujjain.
'phags rgyal|The city of Ujjayinī, located in the province of the same name. The Sanskrit Ujjayinī is commonly translated into Tibetan as {'phags rgyal}.
'phags rigs bzhi|The attributes of a practitioner: the first three are garments, food, and bedding, and the fourth is dedication to the path of liberation.
'phags skye po|One of the Four Great Kings, guardian of the south.
'phags skyes po|One of the Four Great Kings, or guardians of the world, he presides over the southern quarter and rules over the preta kumbhāṇḍa spirits that live there.
'phags skyes po|“Noble Birth” (Tib.) or “Sprouting/Growing Forth,” (Skt.) guardian of the southern direction. Also the name of a king of Kosala during the lifetime of Śākyamuni Buddha.
'phags skyes po|One of the four great kings, protector of the cardinal direction to the south of Mount Meru. ({'phags skyes po}, his name in Tibetan, is also the Tibetan name of Videha).
'phags skyes po|(1) A general, son of King Prasenajit. (2) One of the Four Great Kings. The Tib. {lus 'phags po} is probably erroneous; see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-1933 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-1979 .
'phags skyes po|One of the Four Great Kings ({rgyal po chen po bzhi}) ruling the four directions of the desire realm. Virūḍhaka rules the southern direction and the kumbhāṇḍas (grul bum) that reside there. In The Question of Mañjuśrī his image is the fifty-first of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
'phags skyes po|A son of King Prasenajit of Kosala, who first served as a general in his father’s army, but later usurped the throne. As a boy he discovered that his mother, who had been offered to his father by the Śākyas, had originally only been a servant rather than a noblewoman as the Śākyas had claimed; and later, as king, in revenge he attacked and destroyed Kapilavastu, slaughtering most of the Śākya inhabitants. However, he then died there in a flood. Not to be confused with the Virūḍhaka who is one of the Four Great Kings.
'phags skyes|One of the Four Great Kings.
'phags skyes|One of the great kings of the four cardinal directions, Virūḍhaka guards the southern quarter of the heavens.
'phags spyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūryaprabha (435 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
'phan byed|Son of the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa.
'phel ba'i blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
'phel ba'i blo gros|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
'phel bar mdzad pa|The 869th buddha in the first list, 868th in the second list, and 858th in the third list.
'phel byed|An ancient city corresponding to modern Burdwan.
'phen pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
'phen pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
'pho ba'i chags pa|The passion for emission of semen.
'pho ba|Unit of time related to the counting of breath.
'pho ba|In the context of the subtle body, a “circulation” consists of one thousand three hundred fifty breaths over ninety minutes
'pho ba|The causal process of the transference of a mindstream from one life to the next. The Bhava saṅkrānti sūtra asserts that there is no phenomenon that actually transmigrates from one life to the next, but rebirth occurs through the causal power of actions (karma). See introduction at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-063-007.html#UT22084-063-007-25 . The term may also refer to the yogic or tantric practice of deliberately ejecting consciousness from the body, but this practice is not related to the context of this sūtra.
'phral ba zla gam ltar 'dug pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'phral la bos pa|To be invited to eat on a whim is an acceptable way to receive food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
'phreng ba'i grib ma|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three and the name of a tree that grows there.
'phrog byed|One of the kings of the Nāgasena dynasty, the successor of Viṣṇu (i.e., Viṣṇuvardhana).
'phrog ma'i blo|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
'phrog ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
'phrog ma|A yakṣiṇī who converted to Buddhism.
'phrog ma|A yakṣiṇī; after conversion to Buddhadharma she became the protectress of children.
'phrog ma|A child-eating demoness who was tamed by the Buddha and became a protectress of children, women, the Saṅgha, and all beings.
'phrog ma|A female yakṣa, previously an eater of children but tamed and converted by the Buddha and seen as a protectress. Consort of Pāñcika.
'phrog ma|A rākṣasī with hundreds of children that the Buddha converted into a protector of children. There is a temple specifically for her in Kathmandu.
'phrog pa zla ba|Mythological figure of great wealth and splendor.
'phrul can|Son of the buddha Rāhugupta.
'phrul chen thob|One of the four garuḍa kings, present at the teaching of the sūtra.
'phrul dga'|The second highest paradise in the desire realm, the name means “delight in emanations.”
'phrul dga'|“Delighting in Emanations.” The second highest paradise in the desire realm, so named because the devas there delight in emanations.
'phrul dga'|The fifth of the six heavens of the desire realm. Its inhabitants magically create the objects of their own enjoyment and dispose of them themselves.
'phrul dga'|The second highest of the six god realms of the desire realm, meaning “Enjoying Emanations.” Its inhabitants magically create the objects of their own enjoyment.
'phrul dga'|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, counted among the six heavens of the desire realm. Its inhabitants magically create the objects of their own enjoyment, and also dispose of them themselves.
'phrul dga'|Lit. “Those Who Enjoy Magically Produced Creations.” The fifth of the six heavens of the desire realm; also the name of the gods living there. Its inhabitants magically create the objects of their own enjoyment.
'phrul gyi mig|Pre-reform Tibetan term for {lha'i mig} (“divine eye,” “clairvoyance”) one of the six supramundane powers (Skt. abhijñā) and of the three knowledges (Skt. trividyā): the ability to see things that are far away, mind-made bodies (of enlightened beings and advanced meditators), and the destinies of all beings according to their actions.
'phung po|Here, referring to the five collections of psycho-physical factors that constitute beings: form, feelings, perceptions, formations, and consciousness.
'phur lding|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
'phyang ma|One of the eight great yakṣīs.
'phyang ma|A rākṣasī known as such only in this sūtra. She is, however, listed in the tantra The Great Peahen Incantation along with Hārītī as one of ten piśācīs who protected the Buddha while he was in the womb.
'phye bo|Upon his birth his parents’ household and those of all who went to see him began to succeed in all their endeavors.\nNot to be confused with the tailor Paṅgu.
'phye bo|A tailor whose name means “a person who crawls,” he was the child of wealthy householders in Śrāvastī, born with paralyzed legs.\nNot to be confused with the Paṅgu who caused all those who went to see him to succeed in all their endeavors.
'rgyal chen bzhi'i ris|The first of the six heavens of the desire realm.
'thab bral ba|The third of the six heavens of the desire realm.
'thab bral rab dgar|Lord of the Yāma heaven, lowest of the group of four heavens immediately above the peak of Mount Meru.
'thab bral|Third (counting from the lowest) of the six paradises in the desire realm.
'thab bral|The lowest of the heavenly realms, it is characterized by freedom from difficulty.
'thab bral|A class of gods who inhabit the third of the six heavens of the desire realm, characterized by freedom from difficulty.
'thab bral|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology included among the six heavens of the desire realm. It is characterized by freedom from difficulty.
'thab bral|The third of the six heavens of the desire realm. The Tibetan translation {'thab bral}, “free from strife or combat,” derives from the idea that these devas, because they live in an aerial abode above Mount Meru, do not have to engage in combat with the asuras who dwell on the slopes of the mountain.
'thab bral|Lit. “The Discharged.” The third of the six heavens of the realm of desire; also the name of the gods living there. The Tibetan translation {'thab bral}, “free from strife or combat,” derives from the idea that these devas, because they live in an aerial abode above Sumeru, do not have to engage in combat with the asuras who dwell on the slopes of the mountain.
'thab med|A city ruled by King Mahā sena long before the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Also said to have been ruled by King Nāgadeva ({rgyal po klu lha}) before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
'thab pa|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
'thab pa|A “ruler of the world” who belongs to the class of the māras.
'theng po|One of the grahas.
'thun mdzad|A future buddha.
'thun pa dang 'gal ba med pa|Lit. “not contrary to being in harmony.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
'thun pa dang mi 'thun pa mthong bar gyur pa|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
'thun pa'i bzod pa|This patience is an acceptance of the true nature of things. It is a patience that is in concord with the nature of phenomena.
'thun pa'i chos kyi bzod pa|According to Edgerton, this is an acceptance “which leads to continued religious progress” (pp. 96–97).
'thun par byed pa|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
'thun par spyod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
'thung gcod|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
'tshad med 'od|The second of the three paradises that are the second dhyāna paradises in the form realm.
'tshed pa ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
'tsho ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Endowed with Sublime Happiness.
'tsho ba pa|A follower of a non-Buddhist mendicant movement founded by Makkhali Gosāla (fifth century BCE). The Ājīvikas adhered to a fatalist world-view according to which all beings eventually reach spiritual accomplishment by fate, rather than their own actions.
'tsho ba'i bar du bcang ba|There are no limits to the length of time monks are permitted to keep medicine proper. Hence those compounds commonly understood to be medicine proper are literally called “kept lifelong,” that is “lifelong medicines.” These are aimed at combating illnesses that arise from the confluence of factors such as bile, phlegm, and wind. The texts describe these medicines as being made from roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and other plant materials.
'tsho ba|A town in Magadha.
'tsho byed gzhon nu|Jīvaka is a title meaning “physician.” Kumārabhṛta means “raised by the prince,” in this case Prince Abhaya, who was said to have fostered the future physician. He was personal physician to King Bimbisāra and the Buddha. He asked that ill persons would not be accepted into the order, for it would prove too great a burden on the king’s treasury, which paid for all the treatment he administered, and his own health.
'tsho byed|Son of the buddha Vaidyādhipa.
'tsho byed|The physician of King Bimbisāra.
'tsho byed|The 343rd buddha in the first list, 342nd in the second list, and 337th in the third list.
'tsho byed|A highly skilled healer and personal physician of Buddha Śākyamuni, he figures into many stories of the Buddha, his disciples, and other associates.
'u ru ru'i sgras 'bab pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
'ug pa ma ma yin pa|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
'ug pa|The name of one of the Buddha’s arhat disciples, a former king, renowned as foremost among those who teach monks. This spelling is attested in the present text but in other texts his name is spelled Mahākapphiṇa, Kapphiṇa, Kapphina, Kaphiṇa, Kasphiṇa, Kaṃphina, Kaphilla, or Kaphiṇḍa.
'ur 'ur|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
A li kA li|The vowels (āli) and consonants (kāli) of the Sanskrit alphabet.
A mras bsrungs ba'i tshal|The site in Vaiśālī where Buddha Śākyamuni taught and performed miracles.
ANA|Unidentified; occurs in a mantra of enthrallment.
I shwa ra|The name applied to the supreme worldly god, whatever his identity.
Ir bir|Synonymous with Kubera, who, in this sūtra, is distinct from Vaiśravaṇa. The name Ailavila is derived from his mother, and means “the son of Ilavilā.”
Not available|One of the eight nāga kings.
Sha Ta bA ra mi tA|The perfections of generosity, morality, diligence, forbearance, meditative concentration, and wisdom.
Sho No|A river in Jambudvīpa.
Ta ka sho bho|A mountain in Jambudvīpa.
Tibetan Wylie|Definition
a Di Na|One of the four pīṭhas.
a Du bA|A river on Saṅkāśa.
a Ni ra|A city in Godānīya.
a ba lo ki ta|A two-armed lokeśvara emanation of Avalokiteśvara.
a ba lo ki te shwa ra|The bodhisattva of compassion.
a ban ti|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
a bhra kU TA|A city in Godānīya.
a chu zer ba|One of the eight cold hells.
a chu zer ba|Fifth of the eight cold hells of Buddhist cosmology. It is named for the sounds its inhabitants make while enduring unthinkable cold.
a cu zer|Name of one of the eight cold hells. It is named for the sounds its inhabitants make while enduring unthinkable cold.
a du ma|A village.
a du ma|The name of the town where Kaineya lived; traditionally spelled Udumā, the rendering in The Hundred Deeds may be derived from the Pāli/Prakṛt form Ātumā.
a dzi te|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī; one of the “four sisters” invoked in a mantra.
a ga ru'i dri bsung gis nges par bdugs pa'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Gandhatejas.
a ga ru'i dri|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Moon’s Light/ Light of the Sublime Precious Moon.
a ga ru|Aloeswood used as incense.
a ga ru|A kind of fragrant aloe wood.
a ga ru|The resinous heartwood of the Aquilaria and Gyirnops evergreen trees in India and southeast Asia, also known as aloeswood (agallochum).
a ga ru|The fragrant aloeswood tree Aquilaria agallocha. Alternately a Tibetan translation of śiṃśapā, which the Atharvaveda identifies as the tree Dalbergia sissoo or Indian redwood.
a gar|A kind of fragrant aloe wood.
a la la|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
a mR ta bi lo ki ni|In the Sampuṭodbhava, this deity is invoked to help obtain a son.
a ma ti|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
a mra skyong ma|A courtesan.
a mra srung ba'i tshal|A mango grove in Vaiśālī donated to the Buddha by the courtesan Āmrapālī.
a mra srung ba'i tshal|A phrase usually translated as Āmrapālī’s grove, referring to the grove in Vaiśālī donated to the Buddha by the courtesan Āmrapālī (“Protected by a Mango Tree”), but here possibly to be interpreted as a generic term, as the narrative locates it in Vārāṇasī.
a mra srung ba|A courtesan of Vaiśālī who gave her garden to the Buddha and his retinue, where they stay during the events of the sūtra.
a mra ta bi lo ki ni|In the Sampuṭodbhava, this deity is invoked to help obtain a son.
a mra'i mgo ljogs|The blossoms of a mango tree.
a mra'i nags khrod|A certain brahmin village during the Buddha’s time.
a mra'i phug|A set of caves in the Gloomy Forest.
a mras bsrungs pa'i tshal chen po|The grove donated to the Buddha by the courtesan Āmrapālī.
a mras bsrungs pa|A famous and beautiful patron of the Buddha’s, courtesan in the city of Vaiśālī.
a myes zhabs ngag dbang kun dga' bsod nams|A seventeenth century scholar (1597–1659), the twenty-seventh Sakya Trizin.
a myes zhabs ngag dbang kun dga' bsod nams|The 27th Sakya throneholder (1597–1659), an accomplished scholar, author, and diplomat.
a nU na|A mountain in the east of Jambudvīpa.
a nan ta mu dra|Name of a dhāraṇī.
a pa marga|Achyranthes aspera; the chaff tree.
a pa rA dzi te|One of the “four sisters” invoked in a mantra; one of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
a pa ra dzi ta dkar po|Clitoria ternatea.
a ra li|This seems to be the Buddhist (Vajrayāna) name of the male deity, Aralli, in the centre of the dharmodaya.
a ra pa tsa na|The alphabet of the Kharoṣṭhī script, forming an important mnemonic incantation.
a rdza ka|Ocimum basilicum. Commonly known in India as tulsi. A sacred plant in the Hindu tradition.
a ru Na|The name of a star.
a ru ra|Terminala chebula.
a ru ra|Plant of the Himalayas believed to possess extraordinary healing properties as well as contribute to longevity. It is also believed to be very conducive to meditation practice. The Medicine Buddha is often depicted with a fruit or sprig of this plant.
a shi Di|One of the eight great yakṣīs.
a shu la|A merchant.
a shwad tha'i phug|Caves on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
a shwad tha|Ficus religiosa according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
a shwad tha|Ficus religiosa, the species of fig tree under which the Buddha attained awakening.
a su ra'i 'jig rten|Sanskrit and Pāli asura literally means “non-gods”; often translated as “demigods, titans.” A class of beings that rank between devas and humans. The asuras were expelled from their original home in the god realm because of their chronic jealousy; now they wage constant war with the devas in the hope of regaining their old home. According to Exposition of Karma, this class of beings is counted among the unfortunate (or lower) realms of rebirth.
a su ra|A demigod who inhabits one of the six types of worlds (Skt. loka) that make up saṃsāra. The asuras are the enemies of the gods (Skt. deva), fighting with them for supremacy. See also animal.
a ti ba la|Abutilon indicum.
a ti mug ta ka|Phanera variegata. One of the most beautiful and aromatic of Indian trees, also known as orchid tree, mountain ebony, and camel’s foot tree.
a ti sha|The Indian master Atiśa Dīpaṅkaraśrījñāna (982–1054) is renowned in the history of Tibetan Buddhism for coming to Tibet and revitalizing Buddhism there during the early eleventh century.
a ti sha|Atiśa Dīpaṃkara śrī jñāna (982–1054 ce), often referred to in Tibetan as {jo bo}, “(The) Lord,” was a renowned figure in the history of Tibetan Buddhism famous for coming to Tibet and revitalizing Buddhism there during the early eleventh century.
a tsa zer ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
ag ni tsu Da|A bird that we have been unable to identify.
ai ni'i nags|A forest on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
ai ni|Name of a nāga lady from a previous eon.
amra|Mangifera indica
an da rnyil|A type of jewel associated with the god Indra, likely referring to a sapphire.
an dha ka|Unidentified region of India.
ang ga'i rgyal po|The King of Aṅga was the pre-eminent ruler in the eastern Gangetic region at the time of the Buddha’s birth. His defeat at the hands of Prince Bimbisāra of Magadha is narrated at the start of the Pravrajyāvastu.
ang ga|A country.
ang ga|A town in the region of Magadha.
ang ga|A land in the east of Jambudvīpa.
ang ga|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
ang ga|A kingdom on the southern bank of the Ganges (in modern day Bihar and Bengal) whose influence waned during the life of Śākyamūni Buddha at the hands of the kings of Magadha. Its capital was at Campā.
ang gi ra sa|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
ang gi ra si|The name of a nakṣatra.
ang gi ra|The rishi who is said to have composed most of the fourth Veda, the Atharvaveda.
ar dha ma ru|A mountain in the sea west of Jambudvīpa.
ar ka|Calotropis gigantea.
ar mo nig lta bu'i rdo leb|A huge flat rock, Indra’s throne in the Realm of the Thirty-Three Gods; it is called Pāṇḍukambala, “like a blanket,” because it is made of a pale stone reminiscent of thick wollen cloth. Sakaki 7127 in the Mahāvyutpatti.
ar mo nig lta bu'i rdo leb|Commonly listed as one of the features of the garden groves of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, this term can be used to describe Indra’s throne itself or any number of divine stone platforms that resemble Indra’s throne.
ar pu ta|One of the twenty-four (the number may vary according to source) pīṭhas, or places of pilgrimage mentioned in the tantras.
arbu da|One of the four pīṭhas.
ardza ka|Ocimum gratissimum.
ardzu naH|A lake on Equal Peaks.
ardzu na|Terminalia arjuna.
bA dU taM|A town in Videha.
bA gu tsi|Psoralea corylifolia , Psoralea plicata, Vernonia anthelmintica.
bA la|Sida cordifolia.
bA man|The dwarf incarnation of Viṣṇu, who deceived the king of the asuras.
bA rA Na sI|City in North India where the Buddha first taught the Dharma
bA rA Na sI|Capital of the ancient country of Kāśi, west of Magadha and north of Kośala.
bA rA Na sI|An ancient city in North India on the outskirts of which the Buddha first taught the Dharma.
bA rA Na sI|A holy city on the banks of the Gaṅgā in modern-day Uttar Pradesh. Nearby is Sarnath, the location of Śākyamuni’s first teaching.
bA rA Na sI|A city in North India, on the banks of the Gaṅgā, where the Buddha gave his first sermon; this name can be applied also to the surrounding country or district. It lies in modern day Uttar Pradesh, India. The name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as its older name, “Kāśī.”
bA rA Na sI|Also known as Benares, the oldest city of northeast India in the Gangetic plain. It was once the capital of its own small kingdom and was known by various names. It was an important religious center, as well as a major city in India, even during the time of the Buddha. The name may derive from being the place where the Varuna and Assi rivers flow into the Ganges.
bA rA na sI|Also known as Benares, the oldest city of northeast India in the Gangetic plain. It was once the capital of its own small kingdom and was known by various names. It was an important religious center, as well as a major city in India, even during the time of the Buddha. The name may derive from being where the Varuna and Assi rivers flow into the Ganges.
bA ra NA si|City in North India where the Buddha Śākyamuni first taught the Dharma.
bA sa ba|An epithet of Indra.
bA sa'i chu|A river in the south of Jambudvīpa.
bA sha ka|Justicia adhatoda.
bA shu pa ti|“Lord of beings in the bonds [of existence],” one of the epithets of Śiva.
bA su kha mu khi|“One with the Face of Vāsuki.” One of the eight nāga queens.
bA su ki|(1) A virtuous nāga king ({nor rgyas kyi bu}). (2) A nāga who visits Saṅkāśa Mountain ({bA su ki}).
bA yu|A yakṣa, a guardian of the northwest.
bI dya rA dza|This epithet can refer to individual mantras (vidyā) as well as deities—typically those attending upon Vajrapāṇi; most of the time the mantra and the deity are one and the same, but, in some contexts, the focus may be on either one or the other. If the focus is on the mantra or its corresponding deity, the term has been translated as king of vidyās, and if it is on the class of deities and is used in the plural, it has been translated as vidyārāja . Vidyārāja can also be a deity name.
bI dza pU ra ka|Citrus medica.
bI ta rA ga|A deity invoked in a mantra to cure blindness.
ba Da ba mu kha|“Mare-faced,” a yoginī; also found in the Śaiva Kaula tradition.
ba Tu ka|This seems to be either another name for Caṇḍa mahā roṣaṇa, or an epithet referring to him, meaning “youth”.
ba byung|Traditionally, five substances derived from a cow and used for ritual purposes: dung, urine, butter, yogurt, and milk.
ba dA lI|An epithet of Mārīcī.
ba dan mchog gi dpung rgyan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
ba dra li|Paederia foetida.
ba dzi ra|Father of the buddha Mahāprabha.
ba gam|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
ba glang gi spos|A type of sandalwood that is reddish in color and has medicinal properties. It is said to have the finest fragrance of all sandalwood. In the Mahāvyutpatti it is translated as {sa mchog}, which means “supreme earth.” Later translations translate gośirṣa literally as “ox-head,” which is said to refer to the shape or name of the mountain where it grows. Appears to be red sandalwood, though that appears separately in the list of incenses.
ba glang spyod|The western continent of the human world according to traditional Indian cosmology, characterized as “rich in the resources of cattle.”
ba hi li ko|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
ba ku la|A yakṣa lord.
ba ku la|Indian tree with a very fine flower.
ba ku la|The Mimusops elengi, also known as the bulletwood tree.
ba ku la|An arhat disciple of the Buddha and one of the sixteen elders.
ba ku la|Śrāvaka arhat; one of the sixteen sthavira arhats (see “elder”).
ba lA|Sida cordifolia.
ba lI|An asura king defeated by Vāmana.
ba lang bdag|Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
ba lang bdag|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ba lang bdag|One of the disciples of the Buddha. One of the first ten to be ordained.
ba lang bdag|One of the first to join the Buddha’s order of monks. He followed his friend Yaśas into the Buddhist order.
ba lang bdag|Śrāvaka arhat; one of the Buddha’s five close arhat disciples. He took ordination from the Buddha and then became a disciple of Śāriputra.
ba lang bdag|One of the group of five friends who were the second group to become students of the Buddha, and he was one of the ten students of the Buddha who were the first to become arhats.
ba lang can|A river in Jambudvīpa.
ba lang gi 'od kyi phreng ba can|A nāga king. (Note that this translation is partly tentative, as the Tibetan {ba lang}, which ordinarily means “cow,” “bull,” or “elephant,” has not been rendered into English, as its meaning here is unclear.)
ba lang gi bdag po|A great bodhisattva.
ba lang gi spos kyi tsan dan|A particular kind of sandalwood, known as “ox-head,” that grows in southern India. It is reddish in color and has medicinal properties. It is said to have the finest fragrance of all sandalwood. The Sanskrit word go means “ox,” and śīrṣa means “head;” candana means “sandalwood.” The name of this sandalwood is said to derive from either the shape of or the name of a mountain upon which it grew. The Tibetan translated gośīrṣa as {ba lang gi spos} or “ox incense.”
ba lang mgo|A nāga king.
ba lang mo'i blo gros|‟Excellent Mind,” the name of a female spirit summoned in a sādhana.
ba lang rnyed|A south Indian king contemporary with Pulakeśin II.
ba lang skyong|A nāga.
ba lang spyod|A continent in the west.
ba lang spyod|The western continent in Buddhist cosmology.
ba lang spyod|In ancient Buddhist cosmology, the western of the four continents in the cardinal directions.
ba lang spyod|The continent to the west. One of the four main continents that surround the central mountain in classical Buddhist cosmology.
ba lang spyod|One of the four continents of the human world according to traditional Indian cosmology, it is situated to the west of Mount Sumeru.
ba lang spyod|The western continent of the human world according to traditional Indian cosmology, characterized as “rich in the resources of cattle.” It is named Aparāntaka (or sometimes Aparagodānīya or Aparagoyāna). It has a circular shape and is about 7,500 yojanas in circumference. Humans who live there are very tall, about 7.3 meters on average, and live for 500 years.
ba lang srung dbang|A south Indian king contemporary with Mahendra.
ba la|An ancient city located in the Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat.
ba lhi ka|The people of the Balkh region, or Bactrians.
ba lhi ka|Appears in The Hundred Deeds as the name of a king and a people dwelling in the “barbaric outlying region” west of Jambudvīpa.
ba men|Bos gaurus, a massive wild ox, also called the Indian bison. The largest extant bovine.
ba men|Bos frontalis, a species of ox also known as gayal. Twenty-sixth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ba no co|A temple on Mount Gośṛṅga.
ba rA li|An epithet of Mārīcī.
ba ra dwA dza|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kāśyapa.
ba ra dwa dza bsod snyoms len|One of the eight great śrāvakas. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-088-038.html#UT22084-088-038-236 .
ba ra na si|An ancient city in North India on the outskirts of which the Buddha first taught the Dharma.
ba ri lo tsA ba|Rinchen Drakpa ({rin chen grags pa}) 1040−1111 ce. He went to India at the age of fourteen and became a disciple of Vajrāsana. He later became the second head of the Sakya school.
ba ri ya tra|A country in the western part of the Vindhya range.
ba ru Na|In the CMT, he is the king of nāgas.
ba ru Na|Apart from the god of water, Varuṇa can be the name of several other figures, including a nāga king.
ba ru ra|Terminalia bellirica.
ba sa na ti|A goddess in one of the maṇḍalas of Amoghapāśa.
ba ta la|Bignonia suaveolens. The Indian species of bignonia. These small trees have trumpet-shaped flowers and are common throughout India.
ba ta ni|A country in the east, where the teachings on the perfection of wisdom will spread.
ba tshwa'i chu bo'i rlabs|River in the hell known as Bursting Like Great Lotuses.
ba yi mchog sbyin|One of the four auxiliary pīṭhas.
ba yi rnam lnga|Milk, yogurt, clarified butter, cow urine, and cow dung.
ba'i rnam lnga|Milk, curds, ghee, urine, and dung.
ba'i rnam lnga|Milk, yogurt, clarified butter, cow urine, and cow dung.
ba'i rnam pa lnga|Milk, curds, butter, urine and dung.
bad kan las gyur pa'i nad|Third of the four kinds of disease.
bad kan las gyur pa|A class of spirits causing excess phlegm.
bad kan rlung dang mkhris pa|The three humors or vital substances in the body which, according to Tibetan medicine, result in good health when balanced and illness or less than optimal health when imbalanced.
bad kan|One of the three vital substances in the body, along with wind and bile, which result in good health when balanced and illness or less than optimal health when imbalanced.
bad sa|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
bad sa|The name of a kingdom south of Kośala that was ruled by Udayin/Udayana during the Buddha’s time. Its capital was Kauśāmbī.
bad tsa|A rishi of ancient India, said to be the author of the Nyaysūtrabhāśya and the famous Kāmasūtra.
bag chags chung ba|Birthplace of the buddha Nirjvara.
bag chags dang mtshams sbyor|The mundane process of rebirth within cyclic existence, impelled by the propensities of past actions.
bag chags rgal stabs|The 898th buddha in the first list, 897th in the second list, and 888th in the third list.
bag chags|Subtle propensities created in the mind as a result of repeated experience.
bag chags|These are imprints left by actions in consciousness, which condition its future character and disposition.
bag chags|Subconscious tendencies, reinforced by karmic patterns, that predispose individuals to particular patterns of behavior.
bag chags|A tendency toward certain actions and thoughts as the result of a lasting impression on one’s being from previous lives.
bag chags|Karmic traces or residues imprinted by past actions and constituting tendencies that predispose one to particular patterns of behavior.
bag chags|The subconscious tendencies and predilections of the psychosomatic conglomerate. This most obvious word is seldom used in this context because of the hesitancy of scholars to employ “scientific” terminology.
bag ka li|A monk.
bag kha la|An ancient country, possibly in the Himalayan region.
bag la nyal ba|A latent propensity, proclivity, or disposition.
bag la nyal ba|This is equivalent to vāsanā, “instinctual predilection,” and refers in Buddhist psychology to the subconscious habit patterns that underlie emotional responses such as desire and hatred.
bag la nyal ba|The BHS anuśaya differs from its meaning in Sanskrit but is the same as the Pali anusaya. It can also mean “tendency” and “disposition,” and the meaning can be positive as well as negative.
bag la nyal ba|The first stage in the development and expression of afflictions (Skt. kleśa, Tib. {nyon mongs}), followed by “belief” (Skt. dṛṣṭi, Tib. {lta ba smra ba}) and “manifest affliction” (Skt. paryutthāna, Tib. {kun nas ldang ba}).
bag la nyal|A latent propensity, proclivity, or disposition.
bag la nyal|Habitual impulses or subconscious habit patterns that underlie emotions such as desire and hatred. These are also causes for the perpetuation of cyclic existence.
bag med pa rnams spyod pa|A forest in Endowed with Increasing Bliss.
bag med pa'i chu|A river in Garlands of Flowers.
bag med pa|Disregard for virtuous qualities.
bag med pa|Not being conscientious. In this text, carelessness is one of the three factors at odds with the true Dharma because it impedes generosity and thus destroys merit.
bag med rnams rtse ba|A pond on Equal Peaks.
bag mi tsha bar gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṣemapriya (927 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bag mi tsha ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amitadhara.
bag nyal|A latent propensity, proclivity, or disposition.
bag tsha ba med pa'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahābāhu.
bag tsha ba med par gnas pa|A great bodhisattva.
bag tsha ba med pas rnam par rtse ba'i mngon par shes pa thob pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Tiṣya.
bag tsha ba med pa|A great bodhisattva.
bag tsha ba med pa|Father of the buddha Sārthavāha.
bag tsha ba mi mga' ba|A buddha.
bag yod gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Udadhi.
bag yod pa la mngon par dga' ba bkra shis|A god who taught Musulundha the Dharma.
bag yod pa|Heedful attention to virtuous qualities.
bag yod pa|A set of qualities of the bodhisattvas. These are explained in detail by the Buddha at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-061-018.html#UT22084-061-018-115 .
bag yod pa|This denotes a type of awareness of the most seemingly insignificant aspects of practical life, an awareness derived as a consequence of the highest realization of the ultimate nature of reality. As it is stated in the Anavatapta nāga rāja paripṛcchā sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh156.html (Toh 156): “He who realizes voidness, that person is consciously aware.” “Ultimate realization,” far from obliterating the relative world, brings it into highly specific, albeit dreamlike, focus.
bag yod rnam par grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Deveśvara.
bai DU rya'i tshal|A forest in White Body.
bai DUrya'i snang ba can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Pristine Light.
bai bhi Ting gi|A town.
bai dU rya'i 'od|A buddha realm.
bai dU rya|Precious/semiprecious stone; sometimes translated as lapis lazuli.
bai dU rya|Although this has often been translated as lapis lazuli, the descriptions and references in the literature, both Sanskrit and Tibetan, match beryl. The Pāli form is veḷuriya. The Prākrit form verulia is the source for the English beryl . This normally refers to the blue or aquamarine beryl, but there are also white, yellow, and green beryls, though green beryl is called “emerald.”
bai dUrya'i snying po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Cave of Sandalwood Fragrance. Vaiḍūrya is a type of semi-precious stone, often identified as beryl.
bai dUrya|A precious stone frequently used in Buddhist analogies.
bai du' rya'i 'od|A buddha realm.
bai ro tsa na|One of the five primary tathāgatas, he presides over the tathāgata family.
bai sham pA yA na|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
bakku la|From a wealthy brahmin family, Bakkula is said to have become a monk at the age of eighty and lived to be a hundred and sixty! He is also said to have had two families, because as a baby he was swallowed by a large fish and the family who discovered him alive in the fish’s stomach also claimed him as their child. The Buddha’s foremost pupil in terms of health and longevity. It is also said he could remember many previous lifetimes and was a pupil of the previous buddhas Padmottara, Vipaśyin, and Kāśyapa.
bal glang mgo|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bal gos|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
bal li ra|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bal po|Although the name “Nepal” derives from it, the ancient Nepāla would probably not extend beyond the Kathmandu Valley.
ban de dpal brtsegs|A Tibetan translator (fl. late eighth–early ninth centuries).
ban de dpal brtsegs|The senior editor-translator who edited and finalized this text.
ban de dpal brtsegs|Chief editor who finalized the Tibetan translation of The Noble Dharma Discourse Describing the Benefits of Producing Representations of the Thus-Gone One, among other works.
ban de ye shes sde|The monk Yeshé Dé, the translator of the Sukhāvatī vyūha sūtra.
ban de ye shes sde|A prolific Tibetan translator active during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.
ban de ye shes sde|The name of a Tibetan translator, active in Tibet in the ninth century, who translated many texts in the Kangyur.
ban de ye shes sde|One of the three foremost translators of the Tibetan imperial era. A disciple of Padmasambhava and one of the main translators of the Kangyur.
ban de ye shes sde|A prolific Tibetan translator of the eighth and ninth centuries who assisted with the translation of hundreds of texts that appear in the Kangyur and Tengyur.
ban de ye shes sde|Yeshé Dé (late eighth to early ninth century) was the most prolific translator of sūtras into Tibetan. Altogether he is credited with the translation of more than one hundred sixty sūtra translations and more than one hundred additional translations, mostly on tantric topics. In spite of Yeshé Dé’s great importance for the propagation of Buddhism in Tibet during the imperial era, only a few biographical details about this figure are known. Later sources describe him as a student of the Indian teacher Padmasambhava, and he is also credited with teaching both sūtra and tantra widely to students of his own. He was also known as Nanam Yeshé Dé, from the Nanam ({sna nam}) clan.
ban de ye shes snying po|Translator of this text.
ban de ye shes snying po|Translator who produced the Tibetan translation of The Noble Dharma Discourse Describing the Benefits of Producing Representations of the Thus-Gone One, among other works.
ban de|The general term from ancient India for any member of the ordained Buddhist saṅgha.
ban de|A Middle Indic word derived from the Sanskrit bhadanta. Meaning “venerable one” it is a term of respectful title for Buddhist monks.
ban de|A term of respect for Buddhist monks: bandé in Tibet and Nepal, bhante in the Pali tradition. A middle-Indic word, it is said to be derived from vande, the BHS vocative form of the Sanskrit vanda, meaning praiseworthy or venerable, although bhante is said to be a contraction of the vocative bhadante, derived from a respectful salutation.
ban tsa|An ancient North Indian kingdom located in present-day Uttar Pradesh.
bang ga|An ancient country in the Ganges delta.
bang mdzod stug po can gyi tshal|A forest near Sthūlakoṣṭhaka, a village in the country of Kuru.
bang mdzod stug po can|A village in the country of Kuru.
bang rim 'dzin|A bodhisattva.
bar ba rA|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
bar bali phreng bar bsam|One of the mantra deities, possibly the same as Jvaloṣṇīṣa.
bar chad byed pa|In the time of the Kāraṇḍavyūha this was a group of four demons that created obstacles. This later became the name for the deity Ganesh (as a remover of obstacles), but that is not what is intended here.
bar chad kyi chos|Personal qualities or circumstances that impede the start of or success in a person’s monastic career.
bar chad med pa|“Uninterrupted” or “immediate,” applied to a particular meditative absorption at the junction between the paths of preparation and seeing in Vaibhāṣika and Yogācāra systems.
bar chad|A class of spirits that cause obstacles (the word vighna means “obstacle”).
bar gyi bskal pa|A cosmic period of time. Following the Abhidharma system, eighty intermediate eons together compose one great eon (mahākalpa).
bar gyi bskal pa|When used to describe a measure of time, the term refers to period defined in relation to the “great eon”: eighty intermediate eons make one great eon.
bar ma do'i phung po|A being in the interval between death in one life and birth in the next.
bar ma do|The transitional, discarnate state of a sentient being between death and rebirth, classically said to last up to forty-nine days. Its existence was and is not accepted by all Buddhist schools (not, e.g., by the Theravādins).
bar ma|One of the rāśis.
bar med|A lake in Godānīya.
bar sha ka|Gardenia gummifera. A white fragrant flower that blooms in the rainy season.
bar snang ma|One of the eight great yakṣīs.
bar ta ni|A country in the east, where the teachings on the perfection of wisdom will spread.
bar u Na|Apart from the god of water, Varuṇa can be the name of several other figures, including a nāga king. Here he is the guardian of the western direction.
bar yangs pa|A mountain range in the Heaven Free from Strife.
bar|A unit of weight corresponding roughly to 50 grams.
bau ha ri|A goddess invoked in a mantra.
bca' ba bu ram|A type of solid sugar.
bca' sga|Zingiber officinale.
bcams|The Tibetan is obscure. Lobsang Jamspal suggests the term means “to be nice to; to adulate; to flatter, before showing your real aim.”
bcings pa med pa|The 450th buddha in the first list, 449th in the second list, and 443rd in the third list.
bcings pa thams cad rnam par 'grol ba|A buddha.
bcom brlag|A town.
bcom brlag|Name of several cities in India; traditionally, the birthplace of Kṛṣṇa.
bcom brlag|City located in modern-day Uttar Pradesh, India, historically renowned for its redstone Buddha images.
bcom brlag|A city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located approximately fifty kilometers north of Agra.
bcom ldan 'das ma|A goddess.
bcom ldan 'das ma|Also rendered as “Blessed Lady.”
bcom ldan 'das ma|The female form of the epithet commonly applied to buddhas and other awakened beings. The Sanskrit word bhaga means, among other factors, “good fortune,” “happiness,” “prosperity,” and “excellence.” The suffix -vat indicates possession. A common English translation is thus “blessed one” or “fortunate one.” The three syllables of the Tibetan translation mean that the being has “overcome” or “conquered” (Tib. {bcom}), is “endowed [with qualities]” (Tib. {ldan}), and has “gone beyond [saṃsāra]” (Tib. {'das}).
bcom ldan 'das|While the Sanskrit term simply means “fortunate,” “illustrious,” or “revered,” Tibetan hermeneutics defines the term as denoting a teacher or buddha who primordially subdues ({bcom}) the four demonic forces, possesses ({ldan}) the six attributes of greatness ({che ba'i yon tan drug}, viz: lordship, noble form, glory, fame, gnosis, and perseverance), and transcends ({'das}) all sorrow, without abiding in the extremes of existence and quiescence. Used in this text to refer to the Buddha Śākyamuni.\nAlso translated here as “Lord” (See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-121 ).
bcom ldan 'das|In the Buddhist context, it is an epithet of the buddhas. In Sanskrit, it literaly means “One who has bhaga,” which has many diverse meanings, including good fortune, happiness, and majesty; and more specifically to this context, it is used to define someone who as possessor of six specific qualities as well as beeing a conqueror of māras. The usual definition of the Tibetan term is {bcom} (“subdue”), referring to the subduing of the four māras; {ldan} (“to possess”), referring to the possession of the great qualities of buddhahood; and {'das} (“beyond,” “transcended”), meaning that such a person has gone beyond saṃsāra and nirvāṇa.\nIn this text, it refers to the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bcom ldan 'das|In Buddhist literature, an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generically means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where {bcom} is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, {ldan} to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and {'das} to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition, where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj (“to break”).
bcom ldan 'das|In Buddhist literature, an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generically means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts this term implies that a buddha is in possession of six auspicious qualities (bhaga) associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan term‍—where {bcom} is said to refer to “subduing” the four māras, {ldan} to “possessing” the great qualities of buddhahood, and {'das} to “going beyond” saṃsāra and nirvāṇa‍—possibly reflects the commentarial tradition where the Sanskrit bhagavat is interpreted, in addition, as “one who destroys the four māras.” This is achieved either by reading bhagavat as bhagnavat (“one who broke”), or by tracing the word bhaga to the root √bhañj, “to break.”
bcom ldan 'das|In Buddhist literature, an epithet applied to buddhas, most often to Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term generically means “possessing fortune,” but in specifically Buddhist contexts it implies that a buddha is in possession of the virtuous qualities and wisdom associated with complete awakening. The Tibetan translation has three syllables defined to mean “one who has conquered (the māras), possesses (the qualities of awakening), and has transcended (saṃsāra, or both saṃsāra and nirvāṇa).\nIn this sūtra it is notable that Dīrghanakha does not initially show respect to the Buddha and refers to him using a more neutral register, “renunciant Gautama,” until his conversion at the end of the sūtra ( https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-074-003.html#UT22084-074-003-74 ), when he then uses the epithet “Blessed One.”
bcom ldan 'das|“Lord” is chosen to translate the title Bhagavān because it is the term of greatest respect current in our “sacred” language, as established for the Deity in the Elizabethan version of the Bible. Indeed, the Skt. Bhagavān was given as a title to the Buddha, although it also served the non-Buddhist Indians of the day and, subsequently, it served as an honorific title of their particular deities. As the Buddha is clearly described in the sūtras as the “Supreme Teacher of Gods and Men,” there seems little danger that he may be confused with any particular deity through the use of this term [as indeed in Buddhist sūtras various deities, creators, protectors, etc., are shown in their respective roles]. Thus I feel it would compromise the weight and function of the original Bhagavān to use any less weighty term than “Lord” for the Buddha.
bcom ldan rigs pa'i ral gri|A great scholar of Narthang monastery in central Tibet. He lived from 1227 to 1305 and was one of the first compilers of the the Kangyur.
bcom ldan|An unidentified Gauḍa (Bengali) king.
bcom pa ma|This term is used for a female devotee of Viṣṇu ( bhagavat ), but here is used as an honorific term for a courtesan. Bhaga can also mean “vulva” and is therefore also used in that way in compounds. This English is also used as a translation for gaṇika in chapter 43 (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-4448 ).
bcu bzhi ston|Feasts falling on these days of the lunar month are considered an acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
bcu drug sde pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK. The Tibetan translation of the MMK actually records this name as {bcu drug sde pa'i dga' byed}, which appears to be an error that reads the next member of the list Nandana ({dga' byed}) as part of the name Ṣoḍaśavargika.
bcu gnyis|The Gupta emperor Dvādaśāditya (early eighth century).
bcu gsum|The paradise of Indra.
bcu las 'phros pa'i 'od zer|A buddha.
bcu las 'phros pa'i 'od zer|A bodhisattva.
bcu ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Sucīrṇabuddhi.
bdag brtags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
bdag gi ba med pa|Edg “without self.”
bdag gi ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; also the uṣṇīṣa goddess of the Vajra family.
bdag med ma|“No-self”; Heruka’s consort personifying the absence of self.
bdag med pa dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
bdag med pa la bdag tu 'dzin pa|Second of the four misconceptions.
bdag med pa'i sdug bsngal gyi 'du shes|Third of the six aspects of perception.
bdag med pa|The view that there is no self existing independent of the five psycho-physical aggregates. Also translated here as “selflessness” and “absence of self.”
bdag med pa|This describes actual reality, as finally there is no enduring person himself or thing itself, since persons and things exist only in the relative, conventional, or superficial sense, and not in any ultimate or absolute sense. To understand Buddhist teaching correctly, we must be clear about the two senses (conventional/ultimate, or relative/absolute), since mistaking denial of ultimate self as denial of conventional self leads to nihilism, and mistaking affirmation of conventional self as affirmation of ultimate self leads to absolutism. Nihilism and absolutism effectively prevent us from realizing our enlightenment, hence are to be avoided.
bdag med|The absence of any enduring, singular, or independent essence in individuals or phenomena.
bdag med|The Buddhist view that there is no self in persons or phenomena that exists independently of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
bdag med|Selflessness denotes the lack of inherent existence in self-identity and also, more subtly, in all physical and mental phenomena. Also translated here as “non-self” or “absence of self.”
bdag nyid chen po'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tejorāśi.
bdag nyid chen po|A buddha.
bdag nyid chen po|Father of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna raśmi.
bdag nyid che|Father of the buddha Sujāta.
bdag nyid ji lta ba|The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Akin to other terms rendered here as “suchness,” “the real,” and “natural state.”
bdag nyid phyug po|Father of the buddha Guṇakūṭa.
bdag nyid snang ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Hutārci (942 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdag nyid thul|Father of the buddha Prabhāsthita kalpa.
bdag po ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bdag tu 'du shes|Third of the four misconceptions; the mistaken notion of a self existing independent of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
bdag tu 'dzin pa|The fundamental form of ignorance (Skt. avidyā) that is the root cause of suffering in cyclic existence.
bdag|It is crucial to understand what is meant by “self,” before one is able to realize the all-important “absence of self.” Before we can discover an absence, we have to know what we are looking for. In Mahāyāna, there is a self of persons and a self of things, both presumed habitually by living beings and hence informative of their perceptions. Were these “selves” to exist as they appear because of our presumption, they should exist as substantial, self-subsistent entities within things, or as the intrinsic realities of things, or as the intrinsic identities of things, all permanent, unrelated and unrelative, etc. The nondiscovery of such “selves” within changing, relative, interdependent persons and things is the realization of ultimate reality, or absence of self.
bde 'byung dpal|A buddha.
bde 'byung|A buddha realm.
bde 'byung|A great bodhisattva.
bde 'gro ma|Mother of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
bde 'gro|Son of the buddha Kusumanetra.
bde 'gro|An epithet of a fully realized buddha (samyak sambuddha).
bde 'od|Mother of the buddha Siṃhahanu.
bde 'od|Son of the buddha Amoghavikramin.
bde ba bkod pa|A buddha realm.
bde ba bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānin.
bde ba can|The realm of Buddha Amitābha, described in the Sukhāvatī vyuha Sūtra, where Avalokiteśvara first appears in the sūtras.
bde ba can|Meaning “the delightful” or “the land of delight,” the name of the buddhafield of Amitābha / Amitāyus, in the western direction from our world.
bde ba can|The pure land of Buddha Amitābha in which a practitioner can take rebirth through a combination of pure faith, sufficient merit, and one-pointed determination.
bde ba can|The realm of the Buddha Amitābha, also known as Amitāyus, which was first described in the Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra (Toh 115, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh115.html ).
bde ba can|The blissful pure land of the Buddha Amitābha. A practitioner can take rebirth there through a combination of pure faith, sufficient merit, and one-pointed determination.
bde ba can|Sukhāvatī (Blissful) is the buddhafield to the west inhabited by the buddha Amitābha, who is also known as Amitāyus. It is classically described in The Display of the Pure Land of Sukhāvatī ( https://read.84000.co/translation/toh115.html ).
bde ba chen po thob pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Luminosity.
bde ba chen po|One of the epithets of Saṃvara.
bde ba dang sdug bsngal thams cad la mngon par dga' ba med pa|Name of the ninety-third meditative stability.
bde ba dang sdug bsngal thams cad la mngon par dga' ba med pa|Lit. “not taking pleasure in any happiness or suffering.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
bde ba la chags pa'i shugs|A class of vidyādharas.
bde ba mdzad pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
bde ba rab tu 'phel ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
bde ba rgya chen po dmigs pa|A mountain in Moving in Mixed Environments.
bde ba rin po che'i rang bzhin|A forest on Vast Garlands of Bliss.
bde ba thams cad kyis brgyan pa|An eastern buddha realm where the buddha Mārapramardaka resides.
bde ba thams cad kyis rab tu brgyan pa|A universe, or buddhafield, where the bodhisattvas live in a constant state of bliss. The Skt. of the Potala MS has Sarva sukha pratimaṇḍita, that of the excerpt cited in the Śikṣāsamuccaya has Sarvasukhamaṇḍitā.
bde ba thams cad nye bar sgrub mdzad|A buddha.
bde ba thams cad|A buddha realm.
bde ba yod pa|A four-continent world in the distant past.
bde ba yod pa|The realm of the Buddha Amitābha, also known as Amitāyus, which was first described in the Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra (Toh 115, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh115.html ).
bde ba yod pa|Sukhāvatī (Blissful) is the buddhafield to the west inhabited by the Buddha Amitāyus, more commonly known as Amitābha. It is classically described in The Display of the Pure Land of Sukhāvatī ( http://read.84000.co/translation/toh115.html ).
bde ba'i 'byung gnas|A buddha.
bde ba'i 'du shes|Second of the four misconceptions.
bde ba'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Merudhvaja.
bde ba'i 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anantarūpa.
bde ba'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratibhāna cakṣus (728 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bde ba'i chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
bde ba'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
bde ba'i dpal|A buddha realm.
bde ba'i dri|A world system.
bde ba'i mchog|A wrathful deity of the heruka type.
bde ba'i mu khyud|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bde ba'i phreng ba rgya chen po|A mountain in Moving in Mixed Environments.
bde ba'i rgyal po|A buddha realm.
bde ba'i rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
bde ba'i stabs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ananta rati kīrti.
bde bar 'bab pa|A river at Radiant Streams.
bde bar 'dud|Father of the buddha Amitatejas.
bde bar 'dud|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samṛddha (219 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bde bar 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vikrīḍita.
bde bar 'jug pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Departed to a Jewel Lotus. Likely the same as the world system Beautiful Entrance.
bde bar 'tsho ldan|Attendant of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
bde bar byed pa|Mother of the buddha Guṇāgradhārin.
bde bar dgongs|The 824th buddha in the first list, 823rd in the second list, and 813th in the third list.
bde bar gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthitamitra.
bde bar gshegs pa'i rgyal mtshan|This refers to the three monastic robes, which are the outer signs of being a monastic follower of the Buddha.
bde bar gshegs pa|One of the standard epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas. According to Buddhaghoṣa, the term means that the way the Buddha went (Skt. gata) is good (Skt. su), and where he went (Skt. gata) is good (Skt. su).
bde bar gshegs pa|“One who fares well” or “one who is free from care.” Sometimes interpreted as “one gone to bliss.” The {su} or {bde bar} is adverbial, and gata, a past passive participle, denotes a state of being rather than literal motion and refers to a present state rather than a past one.
bde bar gshegs pa|An epithet applied to buddhas, often interpreted to mean “one gone to bliss.” In Sanskrit the prefix su- (Tib. {bde bar}) is adverbial, and that gata denotes a state of being rather than literal motion, hence the current rendering of “well-gone one,” that is, “one who has fared well.”
bde bar gshegs pa|An epithet of the Buddha meaning “one who has gone to bliss” or, interpreting gata as denoting a state of being rather than literal motion, “one who has fared well.” The epithets Sugata and Tathāgata in this sūtra, which likely belonged to the canon of an early Buddhist school, seem to refer to the historical Buddha rather than to buddhas in general.
bde bar gshegs pa|One of the standard epithets of the buddhas. A recurrent explanation offers three different meanings for su- that are meant to show the special qualities of accomplishment of one’s own purpose (svārthasampat) for a complete buddha. Thus, the Sugata is “well” gone, as in the expression su-rūpa (“having a good form”); he is gone “in a way that he shall not come back,” as in the expression su-naṣṭa-jvara (“a fever that has utterly gone”); he has gone “without any remainder,” as in the expression su-pūrṇa-ghaṭa (“a pot that is completely full”). According to Buddhaghosa, the term means that the way the Buddha went (Skt. gata) is good (Skt. su) and where he went (Skt. gata) is good (Skt. su).
bde bar gshegs pa|The term sugata is formed by the preverb su- (“well,” “good,” “completely”) and the participle gata, from the root gam (“to go” but also “to understand”). A recurrent explanation offers three different meanings for su- that are meant to show the special qualities of accomplishment of one’s own purpose (svārthasampat) for a complete buddha. Thus, the Sugata is “well” gone, as in the expression su-rūpa (“having a good form”); he is gone “in a way that he shall not come back,” as in the expression su-naṣṭa-jvara (“a fever that has utterly gone”); he has gone “without any remainder” as in the expression su-pūrṇa-ghaṭa (“a pot that is completely full”). These three senses of su- distinguish the Buddha from non-Buddhist practitioners who are free of desirous attraction (bāhya-vītarāga), from Buddhist practitioners who are still in need of training (śaikṣa), i.e., are not liberated, and from Buddhist practitioners who have no more need of training (aśaikṣa), i.e., are liberated but have not obtained complete buddhahood (svārtha sampat sugatatvena trividham artham upādāya praśastatvārthaṃ surūpavat apunarāvṛttyarthaṃ sunaṣṭajvaravat niḥśeṣārthaṃ supūrṇaghaṭavat arthatrayaṃ caitad bāhyavītarāga śaikṣāśaikṣebhyaḥ svārtha sampadviśeṣaṇārtham, Dignāga, Pramāṇa samuccaya 1.1https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4203.html, Steinkellner 2005, p. 1; see also Prajñākaramati’s Pañjikā on Bodhi caryāvatāra 1.1https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3872.html, de La Vallée Poussin 1901–14, pp. 2–3; and Artha viniścaya sūtra nibandhana, Samtani 1971, p. 244).\nThe sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa commentary on the Mahāvyutpatti, apart from the three explanations above, contains an additional interpretation of the preverb su-, as meaning “happiness/bliss/pleasure” (sukha), attributed to the Dharmaskandha (one of the abhidharma treatises of the Sarvāstivāda tradition); thus su-gata is understood as “one who has reached happiness” (su[khaṁ]gata): “The Bhagavat has happiness; he has heavenly happiness, since he is endowed with the untroubled dharma” ({dharmmaskandha las 'byung ba sugata iti sukhito bhagavAn / svargita avyathitadharmmasamanvAgata / tad ucyate sugata ces 'byung ste}). The commentary further explains that the Tibetan rendering {bde bar gshegs pa} is in fact in accordance with the Dharmaskandha interpretation of the term ({dharmaskandha las 'byung ba dang sbyar te bde bar gshegs pa zhes btags}), which explains why the Tibetan rendering does not seem to match the more recurrent interpretations of sugata in Sanskrit treatises. The connection with sukham can also be found in lexicographical literature (see for example Subhūticandra’s Kavikāmadhenu commentary on the Amarakośa,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4300.html Deokar 2014, p. 121; and also the Pāli Abhidhānappadīpikāṭīkā, Saggakaṇḍavaṇṇanā, which seems to be a shortened version of the Kavikāmadhenu gloss on sugata).\nThe Pāli tradition offers a slightly different explanation, in four parts: “his way of going is good,” “he has gone to a beautiful place,” “he has gone in the right manner,” and, deriving gata not from gam but from gad (“to speak,” “to say”), “he speaks in the right manner” (sobhanagamanattā sundaraṃ ṭhānaṃ gatattā sammā gatattā sammā ca gadattā sugato Visuddhimagga, 1.134).
bde bar gshegs|One of the standard epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas. According to Buddhaghoṣa, the term means that the way the Buddha went (Skt. gata) is good (Skt. su), and where he went (gata) is good (su).
bde bar gzhol|Father of the buddha Guṇārci.
bde bar gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyabala (742 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bde bar sems|Mother of the buddha Amitayaśas.
bde bar song|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhudeva.
bde bas byin|A bodhisattva in the distant past.
bde bas mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmavāsa.
bde ba|A buddha realm.
bde ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the rāśis.
bde ba|Lit. “Security.” Name of four lotus ponds, each located in one of the four gardens of the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
bde bdag|A buddha.
bde bkra|One of the kings of the asuras.
bde byed ma|Princess of Vārāṇasī, child of King Brahmadatta (present), elder sibling of Prince Kṣemaṅkara.
bde byed|Name of a Śākya youth.
bde byed|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
bde byed|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bde byed|The park in which the old stūpa is located in The Dhāraṇī for Secret Relics.
bde byed|The son of King Brahmadatta (present) of Vārāṇasī and the younger brother of Princess Kṣemaṅkarā.
bde byed|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; a south Indian king, contemporary of Mahendra.
bde bzhin gshegs pa'i rigs|One of the five buddha families, it is presided over by the Tathāgata Vairocana.
bde chen 'khor lo|The name of the energy center (cakra) at the top of the head.
bde chen|One of the epithets of Saṃvara.
bde dga'|Son of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
bde dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāprabha.
bde don|Father of the buddha Arthasiddhi.
bde dpal|The wife of a householder in this sūtra.
bde gnas blo gros|A king.
bde gnas phrug gu sdug|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa.
bde gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Vararuci.
bde gshegs sems pa|Lay female pupil of the Buddha, who is only known from this sūtra.
bde gshegs sras po|“Son of the sugatas.” A synonym for bodhisattva.
bde gshegs|An epithet for a buddha.
bde gshegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Atyuccagāmin (304 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bde gshegs|One of the standard epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas. According to Buddhaghoṣa, the term means that the way the Buddha went (Skt. gata) is good (Skt. su), and where he went (gata) is good (su).
bde gshegs|An epithet applied to buddhas, often interpreted to mean “one gone to bliss.” It should be noted, though, that in Sanskrit the prefix su- (Tib. {bde bar}) is adverbial, and that gata denotes a state of being rather than literal motion, hence the current rendering of “well-gone one,” that is, “one who has fared well.”
bde ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Niyatabuddhi.
bde ldan ma|One of the wives of King Bimbisāra. May possibly be the Khemā of Pali literature.
bde ldan ma|The mother of Suvarṇottamaprabhāsā, who was married to King Bimbisāra. She is likely to be the same person as Khemā in the Pali Canon, one of Bimbisāra’s consorts who became an arhat and bhikṣuṇī. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-005.html#UT22084-055-005-140 .
bde ldan|A buddha realm.
bde ldan|A northeastern buddha realm.
bde ldan|The 999th buddha in the first list, 998th in the second list, and 989th in the third list.
bde ldan|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Greatly Renowned for Considering All resides.
bde ldan|A royal palace ruled by King Śobha during the time of Buddha Kanakamuni or, alternately, during the time of Buddha Krakucchanda.
bde ldan|Lit. “Most Secure.” Name of four lotus ponds, each located in one of the four gardens of the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
bde ma'i gdugs|A buddha realm.
bde mchog|A leader of the asuras.
bde mchog|A wrathful deity of the heruka type.
bde mdzad|A buddha in the past. Note that there appear to be three distinct buddhas with the name Kṣemaṃkara as is listed at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5407 . See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5278 .
bde ri|Name of a yakṣa general in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
bde sbyin ma|Mother of the buddha Balasena.
bde sbyin ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
bde skyid can|Birthplace of the buddha Ugra.
bde sogs|The wife of Śakra.
bde sogs|The name of Indra’s highest consort.
bde sogs|A goddess typically understood to be the wife of Indra/Śakra. In this text, it refers to a female asura who attempts to seduce Surata and later becomes one of his attendants.
bde spyan|A buddha.
bde spyod|A ruler of a stronghold in the future.
bde spyod|The name of a royal family in the distant future.
bde stobs 'gro|Attendant of the buddha Nanda.
bde stobs grags|Mother of the buddha Udadhi.
bde stobs|Son of the buddha Kusumaparvata.
bde zhing mngon dga'|“Pleasure of Bliss.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
bden bral|A rākṣasa deity (one of the eight guardians of directions).
bden bral|A class of demons closely related to or identical with the rākṣasas.
bden bral|One of the eight guardians of the directions, Nairṛta guards the southwest quarter. Also known as Nirṛti.
bden byin|Mother of the buddha Arthakīrti.
bden byin|Son of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna ketu.
bden bzhi'i dpyod pa rnam pa bcu drug|These are impermanence, suffering, emptiness, absence of self, origination, causality, production, conditionality, cessation, peace, excellence, deliverance, path, reason, practice, and release. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-4133 for an explanation of these.
bden dga'|Name of a bodhisattva.
bden dga'|Son of the buddha Jaya.
bden dga'|Attendant of the buddha Duṣpradharṣa.
bden dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Daśaraśmi.
bden dpal|Son of the buddha Satyaruta.
bden grogs|Attendant of the buddha Ojobala.
bden gsung|A tathāgata associated with Jñānolka.
bden la dad par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Bhāgīratha.
bden la dad par byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaṇendra.
bden ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Avraṇa.
bden ldan|Son of the buddha Ghoṣadatta.
bden ldan|Mother of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
bden ldan|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Melody of Truth.
bden legs|Attendant of the buddha Saṃjaya.
bden mi ldan|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
bden mthong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dyutimat.
bden pa 'dod|Birthplace of the buddha Satyacara.
bden pa byin|Father of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
bden pa bzhi po|The first teaching of the Buddha covering suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path to the cessation of suffering.
bden pa bzhi|The four Noble Truths as taught by the Buddha, i.e. the truth of suffering, and so forth.
bden pa bzhi|The Buddha’s first teaching, which explains suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path to the cessation of suffering.
bden pa bzhi|The four truths the Buddha realized at his enlightenment: the truth of suffering, the truth of the origin of suffering, the truth of the cessation of suffering, and the truth of the path.
bden pa bzhi|The four truths that the Buddha realized and transmitted in his first teaching: (1) suffering, (2) the origin of suffering, (3) the cessation of suffering, and (4) the path to the cessation of suffering.
bden pa bzhi|The four truths of nobles ones are the truths of suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path leading to the cessation of suffering. Another classification of the truths referred to in the sūtra is that of the two truths, conventional and ultimate.
bden pa can|A Jain who features prominently in the sūtra The Range of the Bodhisattva (Toh 146, Satyaka Sūtra).https://read.84000.co/translation/toh146.html The Buddha states that he is a bodhisattva who takes on various forms to aid beings. Also translated elsewhere as {bden pa po} and {bden par smra ba}. The latter term is reconstructed into Sanskrit as Satyavādin by Lozang Jamspal in his translation of the Satyaka Sūtra.
bden pa ci yi gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmacandra.
bden pa dang 'thun pa'i bzod pa|The third of the four stages of penetrative insight, typically rendered simply as kṣānti or “patience.”
bden pa dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Great Qualities.
bden pa dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gandhatejas (641 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden pa gnyis|The ultimate and relative, or conventional, truth.
bden pa gnyis|The truths of the way things seem to be and the way they actually are.
bden pa gnyis|The relative truth and the ultimate truth. See glossary entries for each. Later schools of Buddhism defined and categorized the two truths in varying ways, but in all cases the presentation of the two truths is understood to be an exhaustive categorization that includes all phenomena. Note that the two truths are not understood to be separate dimensions, but rather as two aspects of the same reality, although from the perspective of the relative truth reality is falsely perceived.
bden pa gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitagāmin.
bden pa gsung|The 430th buddha in the first list, 429th in the second list, and 423rd in the third list.
bden pa mchog|An unusual feature of the Bhava saṅkrānti sūtra is that it presents a third “supreme truth” in contrast to the usual doctrinal presentation of the two truths (the relative truth and the ultimate truth). In doing so, the Bhava saṅkrānti sūtra does not propose a third ontological category but demonstrates in its final verse that both the relative and ultimate truths are conceptual categories and therefore provisional to understanding the ultimate nature of reality. The conception of ultimate truth should not be misunderstood, like a finger pointing to the moon, but to arrive at its actual understanding one must transcend any dualistic notion or designation altogether. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-063-007.html#UT22084-063-007-94 .
bden pa mthong ba|A great bodhisattva.
bden pa mthong ba|A lost verse text possibly included in the Kṣudraka piṭaka of the Mūla sarvāstivādins.
bden pa mthong|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sārthavāha (12 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden pa po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jīvaka (337 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden pa rnam par lta ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śreṣṭha.
bden pa'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Saṃjaya.
bden pa'i blo gros gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kuśalapradīpa.
bden pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nandeśvara.
bden pa'i blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Akṣobhyavarṇa (635 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden pa'i dbyangs|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Truthful.
bden pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.
bden pa'i me tog|Son of the buddha Añjana.
bden pa'i mthu rtsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmakūṭa.
bden pa'i mthu rtsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmaketu (497 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden pa'i phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
bden pa'i rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Avabhāsadarśin.
bden pa'i stobs|Son of the buddha Supriya.
bden pa'i tog|Birthplace of the buddha Satyarāśi.
bden pa'i tog|Attendant of the buddha Gandhahastin.
bden pa'i tog|Son of the buddha Sthita buddhi rūpa.
bden pa'i tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Surāṣṭra.
bden pa'i tog|The 558th buddha in the first list, 558th in the second list, and 551st in the third list.
bden pa'i tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnacandra (291 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden par gsung ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sudarśana (147) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden par gsung|The 175th buddha in the first list, 174th in the second list, and 174th in the third list.
bden par smra ba'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Utpala.
bden par smra ba'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vighuṣṭatejas.
bden par smra|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vigatamala.
bden par spyod pa|The 374th buddha in the first list, 373rd in the second list, and 368th in the third list.
bden pas brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Saṃjaya.
bden pa|A buddha realm.
bden pa|Attendant of the buddha Ajitagaṇa.
bden pa|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
bden pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kuśalapradīpa.
bden pa|The 334th buddha in the first list, 333rd in the second list, and 328th in the third list.
bden pa|Refers in this text to the Buddhist distinction between relative and ultimate. Relative reality refers to the world of reified entities that are believed to have essential existence, whereas ultimate reality refers to the emptiness or lack of inherent existence in all phenomena.
bden phung|The 630th buddha in the first list, 629th in the second list, and 622nd in the third list.
bden sbyin|Son of the buddha Asaṅgakośa.
bden sgra rnam par sgrogs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amoghagāmin.
bden smra brda 'od|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍha.
bden smra dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Toṣaṇa.
bden smra|Son of the buddha Siṃhabala.
bden smra|Son of the buddha Vegadhārin.
bden smra|Father of the buddha Praśānta.
bden smra|Mother of the buddha Ketudhvaja.
bden smra|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Upakāragati.
bden smra|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amitabuddhi (91 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśomitra (327 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bden tshig can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anunnata.
bde|Name of an apsaras.
bdog pa thams cad yongs su btong ba|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
bdog pa thams cad yongs su gtong ba gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
bdud 'dral ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
bdud 'dul|The 382nd buddha in the first list, 381st in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
bdud 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bhavānta maṇi gandha.
bdud 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānakīrti.
bdud 'joms|A bodhisattva.
bdud 'joms|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amarapriya.
bdud brlag par mdzad pa|The 897th buddha in the first list, 896th in the second list, and 887th in the third list.
bdud bsten|Name of a bodhisattva in a story Buddha tells.
bdud bzhi'i dpung stobs med par byed pa|Lit. “destroyer of the power of the four māras’ host.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
bdud bzhi|Personification of the four factors that keep beings in saṃsāra—afflictions, death, aggregates, and pride arising through meditative states.
bdud bzhi|In the sūtra system, these four types of demonic influence are: the māra of aggregates, the māra of afflictive emotions, the māra of death, and the māra of divine pride.
bdud bzhi|The four māras are personifications of the practitioner’s pitfalls—inappropriate exhilaration during meditation is the divine māra (devaputramāra), being controlled by afflictions is the māra of afflictions (kleśamāra), identifying with the five skandhas is the māra of the skandhas (skandhamāra), and having one’s life cut short by Yama is the māra of Yama (mṛtyumāra).
bdud bzhi|Four symbols or personifications of the defects that prevent awakening. These four are devaputramāra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the divine māra, which is the distraction of pleasures; mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the māra of death; skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the māra of the aggregates, which is the body; and kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the māra of the afflictions.
bdud bzhi|The deities ruled over by Māra are also symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent awakening. These four personifications are (1) the divine māra ( devaputra māra , {lha'i bu'i bdud}), which is the distraction of pleasures, (2) the māra of the Lord of Death (mṛtyumāra, {'chi bdag gi bdud}), (3) the māra of the aggregates (skandhamāra, {phung po'i bdud}), which is the body, and (4) the māra of the defilements (kleśamāra, {nyon mongs pa'i bdud}).
bdud bzhi|The deities ruled over by Māra are also symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent awakening. These four personifications are (1) devaputra māra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the divine māra, which is the distraction of pleasures, (2) mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the māra of the Lord of Death, (3) skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the māra of the aggregates, which is the body, and (4) kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the māra of the afflictive emotions.
bdud dad pa|A buddha.
bdud kyi bu mo dga' ba|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bdud kyi bu|Lit. “Son of Māra.”
bdud kyi dkyil 'khor bcom zhing myed par byed pa'i sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
bdud kyi dkyil 'khor rnam par 'joms par byed pa|Lit. “totally defeats the circle of māras.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
bdud kyi dkyil 'khor rnam par 'joms pa|An absorption.
bdud kyi dkyil 'khor thams cad rab tu 'dul ba'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
bdud kyi dkyil 'khor thams cad rnam par 'joms pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
bdud kyi dkyil 'khor thams cad rnam par 'joms pa|The name of an absorption.
bdud kyi dkyil 'khor thams cad rnam par 'thor ba'i ye shes rgyal mtshan gyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva from a southwestern realm. Also known as Sarva māra maṇḍala vikiraṇa jñāna dhvaja.
bdud kyi dkyil 'khor thams cad rnam par 'thor ba'i ye shes rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva from a southwestern realm. Also known as Sarva māra maṇḍala vikiraṇa jñāna dhvaja rāja.
bdud kyi dpung rab tu 'joms pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mokṣavrata.
bdud kyi gnas|One of the six abodes of the desire gods.
bdud kyi las|An action that is either done by the god-demon Māra (the personification of evil) himself; or by beings belonging to the class of demons; or by humans either (literally) under demonic influence or (figuratively) under the influence of whatever distractions, obstacles, and afflictions act as an impediment to liberation.
bdud kyi ris kyi lha'i bu|The “divine sons,” members of the māra type of nonhuman being, but in this case without a negative or harmful character. See also Sārthavāha.
bdud kyi ris kyi lha'i bu|Devaputra-māra is one of the four forms of Māra and refers to the god of the sensuous realm, the personification of desire and temptation, who attempted to prevent the Buddha from attaining liberation. Here it refers to the deities ruled over by Māra in his realm.
bdud kyi ris kyi lha|Deities in the Paranirmitavaśavartin paradise in which Māra is the principal deity. They attempt to prevent anyone from attaining liberation from saṃsāra. This is distinct from the four personifications of obstacles to enlightenment: Devaputra-māra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the Divine Māra, which is the distraction of pleasures; Mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the Māra of Death; Skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the Māra of the Aggregates, which is the body; and Kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the Māra of the Afflictions.
bdud kyi ris|The class of gods ruled over by Māra or living in his abode.
bdud kyi ris|The deities ruled over by Māra. This can also mean the devas in his paradise, which is sometimes identified with the Paranirmitavaśavartin, the highest paradise in the “realm of desire,” which incudes all ordinary samsaric existences.
bdud kyi sde 'joms|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bdud kyi stobs rab tu 'joms pa|Name of a buddha.
bdud kyi stobs rab tu 'joms pa|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
bdud las rgyal ba|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
bdud las rgyal chen po|A bodhisattva.
bdud rab 'joms|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇatejas.
bdud rab tu 'joms pa|A bodhisattva.
bdud rab tu 'joms pa|A buddha that resides in an eastern world system called Adorned with Every Pleasure.
bdud rnam par 'phrul pa|A being in the Buddha’s assembly.
bdud rnam par skrag par byed pa gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i blo can|Attendant of the buddha Tiṣya.
bdud rnams phung bar byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Udāragarbha.
bdud rnams rnam par 'jig pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vigata mohārtha cintin.
bdud rtsi 'bab pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
bdud rtsi 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
bdud rtsi 'chang|A buddha.
bdud rtsi 'chang|A bodhisattva.
bdud rtsi 'chang|The 145th buddha in the first list, 145th in the second list, and 145th in the third list.
bdud rtsi 'dzin|A buddha.
bdud rtsi 'dzin|A great bodhisattva.
bdud rtsi 'khyil ldan|A deity, one of the five kings of vidyās ( vidyārāja ).
bdud rtsi 'khyil pa|An esoteric deity counted among the eight or ten dispellers of obstacles (vighnāntaka) .
bdud rtsi bdag po|The 882nd buddha in the first list, 881st in the second list, and 872nd in the third list.
bdud rtsi blo gros|Lit. “Nectar Intelligence.”
bdud rtsi byed|Mother of the buddha Madhuvaktra.
bdud rtsi can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bdud rtsi dbyangs|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Immaculate.
bdud rtsi dga' ba|Mother of the buddha Vimalarāja.
bdud rtsi dga'|A buddha of the past.
bdud rtsi dga'|Father of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
bdud rtsi dga'|Mother of the buddha Siṃhahasta.
bdud rtsi dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Janendrarāja.
bdud rtsi dran pa'i gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Samāhitātman.
bdud rtsi grags pa|A buddha.
bdud rtsi grags|Mother of the buddha Amṛtaprasanna.
bdud rtsi grags|Mother of the buddha Sucīrṇavipāka.
bdud rtsi grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Samantadarśin.
bdud rtsi gsal ba|The 785th buddha in the first list, 784th in the second list, and 774th in the third list.
bdud rtsi gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānakūṭa (598 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi lnga|The five include feces, urine, phlegm, semen, and menstrual blood; they may be substituted by other five substances representing them, e.g., the five types of rice.
bdud rtsi ma|One of eight children, a daughter, of King Siṃhahanu of Kapilavastu.
bdud rtsi mdzod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratna (51 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi rgyun|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bdud rtsi rnam gnon|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siddhi (681 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi sems pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sukhita (989 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi sgrogs|Attendant of the buddha Subāhu.
bdud rtsi shis pa|Attendant of the buddha Praśānta.
bdud rtsi stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pramodyakīrti.
bdud rtsi thab sbyor can|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
bdud rtsi thab sbyor|A vidyā king (vidyārāja) of the vajra clan.
bdud rtsi zas|One of eight children, a son, of King Siṃhahanu of Kapilavastu.
bdud rtsi zla ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candraprabha.
bdud rtsi'i 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sāra.
bdud rtsi'i 'od gzi|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānasāgara (702 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i 'od zer|A buddha.
bdud rtsi'i 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍhasvara (988 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i 'od|A buddha.
bdud rtsi'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Priyaprasanna.
bdud rtsi'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
bdud rtsi'i 'od|The 709th buddha in the first list, 708th in the second list, and 698th in the third list.
bdud rtsi'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmeśvara (393 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i bcud kyi tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dhārmika.
bdud rtsi'i bkod pa|Father of the buddha Sārodgata.
bdud rtsi'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Yaśaḥkīrti.
bdud rtsi'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tacchaya.
bdud rtsi'i dbyangs can|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Rāhu sūrya garbha (790 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i dbyangs kyis sel ba|Father of the buddha Saṃtoṣaṇa.
bdud rtsi'i dbyangs sgrogs|Name of a buddha.
bdud rtsi'i dbyangs|A buddha.
bdud rtsi'i dbyangs|A great bodhisattva.
bdud rtsi'i dbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Dundubhi megha svara.
bdud rtsi'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva, a former incarnation of the Buddha.
bdud rtsi'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnapradatta.
bdud rtsi'i dbyings|An epithet of perfect awakening.
bdud rtsi'i go cha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śaśin (691 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i grags pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Manuṣyacandra (696 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i grags|Son of the buddha Sucīrṇavipāka.
bdud rtsi'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Kuśalapradīpa.
bdud rtsi'i gzugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Varabodhigati (864 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i lha|Son of the buddha Netra.
bdud rtsi'i me tog|A buddha.
bdud rtsi'i me tog|Attendant of the buddha Gautama.
bdud rtsi'i me tog|Mother of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
bdud rtsi'i me tog|Birthplace of the buddha Bodhyaṅgapuṣpa.
bdud rtsi'i me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mañjughoṣa (707 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i mig|Son of the buddha Ratnaprabhāsa.
bdud rtsi'i mig|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Subuddhinetra.
bdud rtsi'i nga ro|Mother of the buddha Sutīrtha.
bdud rtsi'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
bdud rtsi'i nga ro|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dhārmika (68 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i phung po|Son of the buddha Sumedhas.
bdud rtsi'i phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāpriya (455 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmadhvaja.
bdud rtsi'i rgyal po|A king.
bdud rtsi'i ri bo'i gzi brjid|A buddha in the distant past.
bdud rtsi'i rin po che|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.
bdud rtsi'i sems|Attendant of the buddha Kusumaprabha.
bdud rtsi'i sgra|A buddha.
bdud rtsi'i sgra|A great bodhisattva.
bdud rtsi'i sgron ma|Attendant of the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin.
bdud rtsi'i sgron ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyabāhu (610 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i skom|A demon leader.
bdud rtsi'i skyed mos tshal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Priyābha.
bdud rtsi'i snying po|The name of an eon.
bdud rtsi'i snying po|Son of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
bdud rtsi'i snying po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bdud rtsi'i snying po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣmat.
bdud rtsi'i spos|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇya pradīpa rāja.
bdud rtsi'i spos|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnadhara.
bdud rtsi'i stabs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vīryadatta (62 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud rtsi'i thigs pa'i rgyal po|A king.
bdud rtsi'i tog|A buddha.
bdud rtsis|A forest on Heap in the Stream.
bdud rtsi|The divine nectar that prevents death, often used metaphorically for the Dharma.
bdud rtsi|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its sixteenth week.
bdud rtsi|The 796th buddha in the first list, 795th in the second list, and 785th in the third list.
bdud rtsi|The nectar of immortality possessed by the devas, it is used as a metaphor for the teaching that brings liberation.
bdud rtsi|Refers to a nectar or ambrosia that prevents death or spiritual death (hence the Tibetan term means “crushes death”). The Sanskrit term literally means immortality. It is often used metaphorically to refer to the Dharma.
bdud rtsi|The ambrosia (also translated here as “immortality”) that prevents death or spiritual death (hence the Tibetan term means “crushes spiritual death”). The Sanskrit term literally means immortality. It is often used metaphorically to mean the Dharma.
bdud sdig can|A demon. See also “Māra.”
bdud sdig can|A frequent epithet of Māra.
bdud spangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amogharaśmi.
bdud spong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Niyatabuddhi.
bdud stobs bsnyen par dka'|Name of a god in a story the Buddha tells.
bdud thams cad kyi yul las 'das pa|A buddha.
bdud thams cad rab tu 'joms pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Melody of Victory.
bdud thams cad rab tu bcom pa dan ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Victorious.
bdud thams cad rab tu bcom pa dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Possessor of Victory.
bdud thul|Name of a bodhisattva.
bdud yul mi gos|A bodhisattva.
bdud zhi byed pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Praśānta.
bdud zil gnon pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaṇimukha (232 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bdud zil gnon|Attendant of the buddha Maṇivajra.
bdud zil gyis gnon pa|Father of the buddha Gandhābha.
bdud zil gyis gnon pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahādatta.
bdud|Said to be the principal deity in Para nirmita vaśa vartin, the highest paradise in the desire realm. He is also portrayed as attempting to prevent the Buddha’s enlightenment, as in early soteriological religions, the principal deity in saṃsāra, such as Indra, would attempt to prevent anyone’s realization that would lead to such a liberation. The name Māra is also used as a generic name for the deities in his realm, and also as an impersonal term for the factors that keep beings in saṃsāra.
bdud|A demonic being often bearing the epithet of the “Evil One” (pāpīyān, {sdig can}), sometimes said to be the principal deity in Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations, the highest paradise in the desire realm; also one of the names of the god of desire, Kāma in the Vedic tradition. He is portrayed as attempting to prevent the Buddha’s awakening. In early soteriological religions, the principal deity in saṃsāra, such as Indra, would attempt to prevent anyone’s realization that would lead to such a liberation.
bdud|The deities ruled over by Māra who attempted to prevent the Buddha’s enlightenment, and who do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra. Also, they are symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent enlightenment. These four personifications are: Devaputra-māra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the Divine Māra, which is the distraction of pleasures; Mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the Māra of Death; Skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the Māra of the Aggregates, which is the body; and Kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the Māra of the Afflictions.
bdud|Māra is the personification of spiritual death in Indian religious mythology. In Buddhism, it refers to the lord of death as well as his minions, who attempted in various ways to prevent the Buddha’s awakening and likewise try to thwart the spiritual aims of Buddhist practitioners. Figuratively, they are the personification of everything that acts as a hindrance to awakening, and are often listed as a set of four: the māra of the aggregates, the māra of the emotional defilements, the māra of the lord of death, and the māra of the sons of gods.
bdud|The demon who assailed Śākyamuni prior to his awakening and the deities ruled by him; any demonic force; the personification of conceptual and emotional obstacles. The māras are also symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent awakening. These four personifications are (1) devaputramāra ({lha'i bu'i bdud}), the divine māra, which is the distraction of pleasures, (2) mṛtyumāra ({'chi bdag gi bdud}), the māra of the Lord of Death, (3) skandhamāra ({phung po'i bdud}), the māra of the aggregates, i.e., the body, and (4) kleśamāra ({nyon mongs pa'i bdud}), the māra of the afflictive emotions.
bdud|(1) A demonic being often bearing the epithet of the “Evil One” (pāpīyān, {sdig can}), sometimes said to be the principal deity in Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations, the highest paradise in the desire realm; also one of the names of the god of desire, Kāma in the Vedic tradition. He is portrayed as attempting to prevent the Buddha’s enlightenment. In early soteriological religions, the principal deity in saṃsāra, such as Indra, would attempt to prevent anyone’s realization that would lead to such a liberation.\n(2) The devas ruled over by Māra and assisting his attempts to prevent the Buddha’s enlightenment; they do not wish any being to escape from saṃsāra. More generally, they are symbolic of the defects within a person that prevent enlightenment. These four personifications are the māra of the sons of gods (devaputramāra, {lha'i bu'i bdud}), which is the distraction of pleasures; the māra of death (mṛtyumāra, {'chi bdag gi bdud}); the māra of the aggregates (skandhamāra, {phung po'i bdud}), which is the body; and the māra of the afflictions (kleśamāra, {nyon mongs pa'i bdud}).
bdun mtho ba|This refers to seven convex surfaces on different parts of the Buddha’s body.
bdun mtho ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-fourth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
bdun mtho ba|Fifteenth of the thirty-two major marks, including the backs of the legs, backs of the arms, shoulders, and neck.
bdun shin tu mtho ba|One of the thirty-two signs of a great beings, this refers to the two feet, two hands, two shoulders, and the nape of the neck. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-4389 .
bdung|Another name of the king Ājita.
be ro ka|One of the Four Great Kings, he presides over the southern quarter and rules over the kumbhāṇḍas.
be tra can|A river to the south of Jambudvīpa.
be yi|A city in the future.
be'i sham bA ya|Ancient rishi, a pupil of Vyāsa and teacher of the Taittirīyasaṃhita.
be'u 'dra|A goddess.
be'u dga'|Father of the buddha Vimatijaha.
be'u dga'|Son of the buddha Anilavegagāmin.
be'u phrug|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
be'u'i bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
be'u|One of the kings of Nepal.
bems po'i rlung|The subtle wind which, when dividing between physical and mental, refers to the former and is connected with material experience.
bgegs med pa'i bdag po|“Lord of obstacles,” although the Tibetan translates it as “lord of no obstacles.” One of the names of the elephant-headed deity that is the son of Śiva and Pārvatī, also known as Ganesh (Ganeśa or Gaṇapati; {tshogs kyi bdag po}).
bgegs med pa|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glorious Ornament of Loving-Kindness resides.
bgegs rab tu 'joms pa'i gtsug tor rnam par rgyal ba|A goddess.
bgegs|A class of malevolent spirits.
bgegs|An obstacle and a class of demonic beings that cause obstacles.
bgegs|Similar to vināyakas, the term vighna refers to a broad class of nonhuman beings that create obstacles and problems for spiritual practitioners specifically, and all people in general.
bgo ba des pa|Someone who sacrificed his limbs.
bgrod dka' ba|A land in the south of India.
bgrod pa gcig bu'i lam|A synonym for the path of the Great Vehicle (Mahāyāna) and the path of the Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas (Bodhisattvayāna).
bgrod pa ma nyams pa|A certain buddha who lived before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
bha ga|In this text, it mostly refers to the female sexual and reproductive organs, however, this terms encompasses several meanings, including “good fortune,” “happiness,” and “majesty”; and forms the root of the word bhagavān (Blessed One).
bha ga|The female genital organ, in this and other tantric texts. Other meanings include “good fortune,” “happiness,” and “majesty”; the term forms the root of the word bhagavān, Blessed One; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-079-008.html#UT22084-079-008-283 et seq.
bha ga|In this context, the vagina. A number of Buddhist esoteric scriptures are set within the bhaga of a female deity from the Buddhist pantheon. As the root term from which the Sanskrit word bhagavat, “Blessed One,” is derived, the term bhaga also means “good fortune.” See “Blessed One.”
bha gi ra sa'i sras|A buddha.
bha ra dva dza|One of the disciples of the Buddha. One of the first ten to be ordained.
bha ra dwa dza bsod snyoms len|A disciple of the Buddha.
bha ra dwa dza|A buddha in the past.
bha ra dwa dza|(1) A ṛṣi in the past. (2) A disciple of the Buddha Vipaśyin.
bha ra dwa dza|The name of a long enduring family in the distant past in which twenty thousand buddhas appeared.
bha ra dwa dza|One of the principal śrāvaka pupils of Śākyamuni. It is said that his previous lives had been in hells and then as a human he had only stones to eat because of his mistreatment of his mother in one lifetime.
bha ra dwa' dza dang rus gcig pa|Name of a brahmin, a former incarnation of Śāriputra in a story the Buddha tells.
bha ra ta'i gnas pa|An island beyond Videha.
bha ra ta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānakrama.
bha sa bha sa'i ri|A mountain on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
bhalla ta ka|Semecarpus anacardium.
bhar ga rdo rje|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prajñākūṭa (538 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bhu mi bi dA rI|Same as bhūmisphoṭa (?); Agaricus campestris (?)
bi DaM ga|Embelia ribes, or Embelia tsjeriam-cottam.
bi baM ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
bi bhi sha na|One of the kings of the rākṣasas; also, the name of a yakṣa.
bi de ha|Mentioned as ruler of Videha in “The First Bird Story” in The Hundred Deeds and contemporary of Brahmadatta (past). Other stories in this collection that reference these two rulers refer to the king of Videha by the name Mahendrasena.
bi de ha|An ancient kingdom whose seat was the city of Mithilā. One of its borders was the Ganges River, and it abutted the kingdoms of Kośala and Kāśi. The name Videha, in ancient Buddhist cosmology, refers to the eastern of the four continents in the cardinal directions.
bi dha|A brahmin youth.
bi dru ma'i shing dang ldan pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
bi dru ma|A mountain between Godānīya and Videha.
bi dyA ka ra pra bha|According to Nyangral Nyimai Özer’s history, Ralpachen invited the Indian preceptor Vidyākaraprabha to Tibet along with Jinamitra, Surendrabodhi, and Dānaśīla in the first part of the ninth century (Martin, 2002, n. 13). Vidyākaraprabha was the author of the Madhyamakanayasārasamāsaprakaraṇa, a work in the Yogācāra-Madhyamaka school pioneered by Śāntarakṣita (Ruegg, 1981, 99, n. 311), translated into Tibetan with Paltsek under the name https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3893.html (Toh 3893, Degé Tengyur, vol. HA, folios 43b.5–50a.6). He worked with Paltsek on numerous other translations on topics as diverse as the Sphuṭārthā commentary to the Abhisamayālaṅkāra, an extract from Buddhaghoṣa’s Vimuktimārga, and the early tantra Vidyottamamahātantra (see Martin, 2006).
bi dyA ka ra sing ha|An Indian paṇḍita active in Tibet in the early ninth century.
bi dza ya|One of the “four sisters” invoked in a mantra.
bi kA si ni|A mantra deity associated with the mudrā of the same name.
bi kra ma shI la|A renowned monastic complex in India.
bi ma la mi tra|Eighth/ninth-century Indian master important in the transmission of Buddhism to Tibet.
bi nA ya ka|One of the epithets of Gaṇeśa.
bi shu dha sing ha|An Indian paṇḍita active in Tibet in the late eighth to early ninth century.
bi shud dha sing ha|An Indian preceptor.
bi si mo nya|A temple on Mount Gośṛṅga.
bi ta ra|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bidyA ka ra pra bha|Indian preceptor, a translator of this text.
bidyA ka ra sing ha|An Indian preceptor.
bidyA ka ra sing ha|Indian translator of The Good Eon.
bidyA ka ra sing ha|An Indian paṇḍita active in Tibet in the early ninth century.
bil ba'i shing|Aegle mermelos, also known as Indian bael or wood apple.
bil ba|Aegle marmelos, or wood-apple tree.
bil shing ba|Aegle mermelos, also known as Indian bael or wood apple. Thirty-first of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. Some sources seem to list the fruit and tree as separate designs (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-001.html#UT22084-060-001-66 ).
bim pa|Peach
bim pa|Momordica monadelpha, which has a bright red fruit.
bim pa|Momordica monadelpha. A perennial climbing plant, the fruit of which is a bright red gourd. Because of its color it is frequently used in poetry as a simile for lips.
bim pi ka|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bka' blo bde ba|Name that the Buddha will bear when he appears again in this world after three hundred eons.
bka' rtags kyi phyag rgya bzhi|All conditioned phenomena are impermanent; all defilements are suffering; all phenomena are without self; nirvāṇa is peace.
bka' rtags kyi phyag rgya bzhi|The four are as follows: All compounded things are impermanent (anityāḥ sarva saṃskārāḥ). All defiled things are suffering (duḥkhāh sarva sāsravāḥ). All things are without self (anātmanāḥ sarva dharmāḥ). Nirvāṇa is peace (śāntaṃ nirvāṇaṃ). Also called “the four insignia of the Dharma.”
bkar btags bzhi|All conditioned phenomena are impermanent; all defilements are suffering; all phenomena are without self; nirvāṇa is peace.
bkar btags gsum|Impermanence, suffering, and no-self. They are called in Pāli tilakkhaṇa, the “three characteristics,” a term that has no direct equivalent in the Sanskrit or Tibetan literature; in Tibetan, these three factors are usually called the “three seals of the Buddha’s teaching” in parallel to the “four seals of the Buddha’s teaching,” q.v.
bkod chen sangs rgyas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṣemottamarāja (369 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Garjitasvara (543 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod mchog|The wife of a householder in this sūtra.
bkod pa bcos pa med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Prabhāsthita kalpa.
bkod pa bsam gyis mi khyab pa|Father of the buddha Vyūharāja.
bkod pa bsgrub pa|Name of the twenty-eighth meditative stability.
bkod pa byin|Father of the buddha Sthitamitra.
bkod pa chen mo|Mother of the buddha Ratnacandra.
bkod pa chen po|Literally “Great Array” or “Great Display.” The name of a future eon.
bkod pa chen po|Lit. “Great Array.” A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
bkod pa chen po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amitāyus.
bkod pa chen po|The name of the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ disciple foremost in miraculous powers and endeavor.
bkod pa chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amṛtaprabha (698 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa chen po|One of the bodhisatvas in attendance when the sūtra The Teaching of Akṣayamati was taught, he questions Akṣayamati during the exposition of the seventh imperishable: patient acceptance.
bkod pa dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhagati.
bkod pa dpag med|A buddha.
bkod pa dpag med|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dyutimat (409 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa dpag tu med pa sgrub par sems pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Tejorāja.
bkod pa dpag tu med pa'i rgyal po|A future buddha.
bkod pa dpag tu med pa'i rgyal po|Mother of the buddha Mārakṣayaṃkara.
bkod pa dpag tu med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vikrīḍita.
bkod pa dpag tu med pa|The name of a world system in the southwestern direction.
bkod pa dpag tu med pa|The world sphere where Tathāgata Amitāyurjñāna viniścaya rājendra lives.
bkod pa du ma|A great bodhisattva.
bkod pa gcig pa|A buddha realm.
bkod pa gcig pa|Name of the eighty-second meditative stability.
bkod pa gcig pa|Lit. “single array.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
bkod pa gnas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sthitamitra.
bkod pa gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ṛṣiprasanna.
bkod pa gsal ba|Birthplace of the buddha Oghajaha.
bkod pa gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna ketu.
bkod pa gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Laḍitavyūha (809 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa khyad par 'phags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Cakradhara.
bkod pa kun tu mdzes|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
bkod pa legs mthong|Mother of the buddha Devaruta.
bkod pa mchog sgrub me tog mngon 'phags rgyal po|A buddha who lives in the world system to the east known as Suffused with Qualities.
bkod pa mdzes par sgrub par sems pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mayūraruta.
bkod pa mdzes|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇavīrya.
bkod pa mdzes|The 820th buddha in the first list, 819th in the second list, and 809th in the third list.
bkod pa mdzes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānākara (428 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa mi 'khrugs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vimalaprabha.
bkod pa mi 'khrugs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sukhita.
bkod pa mi 'khrul|Son of the buddha Madhuvaktra.
bkod pa mi gnas pa|Attendant of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
bkod pa mtha' yas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sugandha.
bkod pa mtha' yas pa|Name of a bodhisattva, the main recipient and interlocutor of the Ananta mukhapariśo dhana nirdeśa Sūtra.
bkod pa mtha' yas|A buddha.
bkod pa mtha' yas|Mother of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
bkod pa mtha' yas|Mother of the buddha Girīndrakalpa.
bkod pa mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
bkod pa mtha' yas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anunnata (45 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa mtshungs pa med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vāsanottīrṇa gati.
bkod pa rab tu rgyan pa|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
bkod pa rnam grol|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gandhahastin (74 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa sdug pa|Birthplace of the buddha Subhaga.
bkod pa sna tshogs bzang po|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmakūṭa.
bkod pa snang bar byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vaśavartirāja.
bkod pa thams cad dri med 'od|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to the east of the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
bkod pa yid 'ong mdzes|Attendant of the buddha Cāritratīrtha.
bkod pa yid du 'ong ba|Birthplace of the buddha Kalyāṇacūḍa.
bkod pa'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amitābha (58 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa'i gtsug tor|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
bkod pa'i mchog|A householder in this sūtra.
bkod pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
bkod pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva who plays a minor role in the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities.
bkod pa'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍitakṣetra.
bkod pa'i rgyal po|Lit. “King of the Array.” Name that ten thousand beings will bear when they become buddhas.
bkod pa'i rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Roca (994 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching. Also present at the teaching of http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-001.html (ting nge ’dzin gyi rgyal po’i mdo, Toh 127).
bkod pa'i tshogs can|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pradīparāja (508 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bkod pa|A nāga king.
bkod pa|The name of an eon (kalpa).
bkod pa|Father of the buddha Laḍitagāmin.
bkod pa|Attendant of the buddha Rāhugupta.
bkod rgyal po|The 495th buddha in the first list, 494th in the second list, and 488th in the third list.
bkra ba sna tshogs kyis phye ba|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
bkra ba'i 'od zer can|The name of the lotus seat on which the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus sits.
bkra ba|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
bkra ba|(1) A grove in Lateral ({sna tshogs}). (2) A forest at Sudharma ({bkra ba}).
bkra shis 'dzin|Attendant of the buddha Jñānākara.
bkra shis 'dzin|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
bkra shis byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
bkra shis bzang po|A buddha realm.
bkra shis can|Birthplace of the buddha Vigatakāṅkṣa.
bkra shis dbang phyug|An editor of the Degé version of the Gaṇḍa vyūha.
bkra shis gsal|Mother of the buddha Laḍitavyūha.
bkra shis ldan|Attendant of the buddha Kanakamuni.
bkra shis ldan|A Brahmin in Kosala, father of Saṃjaya.
bkra shis ldan|An ancient Indian symbol of auspiciousness and eternity.
bkra shis ldan|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bkra shis ldan|The 989th buddha in the first list, 988th in the second list, and 980th in the third list.
bkra shis ldan|Grass peddler who offered Gautama the grass that he would sit upon in meditation to attain enlightenment.
bkra shis ma|A queen of Rāhu, king of asuras.
bkra shis ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
bkra shis rtags brgyad|Eight Indian emblems signifying fortune and auspiciousness. They include the lotus, the śrīvatsa, the pair of golden fish, the parasol, the victory banner, the treasure vase, the conch, and the wheel. They are not discussed particularly in this sūtra, although several of the eight are also included in the list of eighty designs found on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
bkra shis|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pradyota.
bkra shis|Identified as the Cālukya king Maṅgalarāja, the predecessor and uncle of Pulakeśin II.
bkra shis|The 855th buddha in the first list, 854th in the second list, and 844th in the third list.
bkra shis|A special symbol, considered auspicious in many South Asian traditions, whose name is derived from the word svasti, which is often used as a greeting.
bkra shis|Lit. “may it be well.” One of the symbols adorning the palms of the hands and soles of the feet of the buddhas. Together with the śrīvatsa and the nandyāvarta, it is included in the eightieth minor sign. It represents the unchanging.
bkra shis|In later Tibetan translations, it is translated as {g.yung.drung}. In the early translations, it is {bra shis} and in the Mahāvyutpatti dictionary it is {bkra shis ldan}, while {g.yung.drung} translates nandyāvarta. It is an auspicious sign in Indian culture, and it is one of the auspicious marks on the chest of the Buddha, as well as the śrīvatsa.
bkres ngab|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
bkres shing skom par byed pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its thirteenth week.
bkri ba'i don|Meaning which can be logically inferred from a Dharma teaching, though is stated explicitely.
bkus te bor|The medicine of first resort for monks, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
bla ba'i lha mo|A princess; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
bla gos|One of a Buddhist monk’s three robes
bla lhag pa|A mountain off Videha.
bla ma sbas|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bla ma sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
bla ma'i blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
bla ma'i blo gros|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
bla ma'i blo gros|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
bla ma'i bshes gnyen|The name of a garuḍa in his past life as a monk-student of the Buddha Kanakamuni.
bla ma'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmamuni (446 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bla mas bon pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
bla mas byin|Attendant of the buddha Surūpa.
bla mas byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Susthita.
bla ma|The name of a garuḍa in his past life as a monk-student of the Buddha Kanakamuni.
bla ma|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
bla ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Abhyudgataśrī.
bla ma|A most highly revered personal spiritual teacher; not to be confused with the future buddha Guru.
bla ma|(1) A buddha in the past ({dam pa}). (2) A young brahmin who was the Buddha in a former life ({bla ma}).
bla ma|A previous incarnation of Buddha Śākyamuni, prophesied by Buddha Kāśyapa to achieve total and complete enlightenment.
bla med thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sāgara.
bla med|Son of the buddha Rāhudeva.
bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub|An enlightenment that is authentically complete.
bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub|The complete enlightenment of a buddha, as opposed to the attainments of arhats and pratyekabuddhas.
bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub|The awakening of the buddhas, contrasted here with the nirvāṇa attained via the vehicle of the śrāvakas.
bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub|The enlightenment of the buddhas, so-named to distinguish it from the realizations of lesser beings such as arhats, solitary buddhas, and the like.
bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub|The awakening of the buddhas, so-named to distinguish it from the limited realizations of lesser beings such as arhats, solitary buddhas, and the like.
bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub|The awakening of a buddha, which is superior to all other forms of awakening. According to the Mahāyāna, in anuttara samyak saṃbodhi, both of the two kinds of obscuration, the afflictive obscuration (Skt. kleśāvaraṇa) and the obscurations to omniscience (Skt. jñeyāvaraṇa), have been completely overcome.
bla na med pa'i 'od zer|A buddha.
bla na med pa'i byang chub tu sems|The resolution to seek the highest level of enlightenment.
bla na med pa'i chos kyi spyod yul|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
bla na med pa'i rnal 'byor gyi rgyud|A category of tantra that includes the so-called father tantras like the Guhya samāja Tantra and the “mother,” or Yoginī, tantras into a single genre of tantra.
bla na med par sems pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Druma.
blag sha|Ficus infectoria. Full English name: White fruited wavy-leaf fig tree.
blag sha|Monier-Williams s.v. plakṣa: “Ficus Infectoria (a large and beautiful tree with small white fruit).”
blag sha|A general name for the Ficus religiosa under which the buddha attained enlightenment and is therefore also called the Bodhi tree and Bo tree. Variations of the name include pipal, pippal, peepul, and ashwata.
blo 'bar|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samāhitātman (651 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo 'das|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Smṛtīndra.
blo 'od 'phro|The 320th buddha in the first list, 319th in the second list, and 314th in the third list.
blo 'od ma|Mother of the buddha Suprabha.
blo 'od|Son of the buddha Merukūṭa.
blo brgyan ma|Mother of the buddha Maṇḍita.
blo brtan 'dzin|Mother of the buddha Sudarśana.
blo brtan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
blo brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pratibhāna kīrti.
blo brtan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśas (592 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo bzang ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
blo bzang po|A head merchant’s son in Dhanyākara.
blo bzangs ma|Mother of the buddha Vimalakīrti.
blo bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Laḍitavikrama.
blo bzangs|Father of the buddha Śubha cīrṇa buddhi.
blo bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Vibhrājacchattra.
blo bzangs|Father of the buddha Prajñāna vihāsa svara.
blo bzangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyadeva.
blo bzangs|The 426th buddha in the first list, 425th in the second list, and 419th in the third list.
blo bzang|A king of deer.
blo bzang|Father of the buddha Guṇavisṛta.
blo bzang|A king who appears in the Jātakas.
blo bzang|Attendant of the buddha Sudarśana.
blo bzang|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāmeru.
blo can|Attendant of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
blo can|A wandering ascetic mentioned in connection with what is likely a story of a past life of the Buddha.
blo chen 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyabala.
blo chen po|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
blo chen|Attendant of the buddha Pratibhāna cakṣus.
blo dang ldan pa|“Intelligent One,” an epithet of Mañjuśrī (the masculine form of the name would be Dhīmān).
blo dbyangs dge ba|The 731st buddha in the first list, 730th in the second list, and 720th in the third list.
blo dbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Śrīgupta.
blo dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siddhārtha.
blo dge|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vibhaktatejas.
blo gnas blo gros|Mother of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
blo gnas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Cārulocana.
blo gnas pa|The 157th buddha in the first list, 156th in the second list, and 156th in the third list.
blo gnas rang bzhin|The 852nd buddha in the first list, 851st in the second list, and 841st in the third list.
blo gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Acala.
blo gnas|Attendant of the buddha Jñānakūṭa.
blo gnas|Mother of the buddha Vipulabuddhi.
blo gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candrārka.
blo gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāmeru (47 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimalakīrti.
blo gros 'bar ba|A brahmin.
blo gros 'bar ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anantavikrāmin
blo gros 'byung gnas|Attendant of the buddha Ratnottama.
blo gros 'chang|A bodhisattva.
blo gros 'chang|Birthplace of the buddha Buddhimati.
blo gros 'dzin|A buddha.
blo gros 'khrul pa med|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pratibhāna kīrti.
blo gros 'phags pa|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s assembly.
blo gros 'phel ba|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
blo gros 'phel|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
blo gros bden pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Udadhi.
blo gros bdud rtsi|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arthabuddhi.
blo gros bkod|Birthplace of the buddha Sumati.
blo gros bla ma|Mother of the buddha Subāhu.
blo gros bla ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Aṅgaja.
blo gros brtan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṅgha.
blo gros brtan pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros brtan pa|Ca. sixth century. An important Indian commentator on the Yogācāra system.
blo gros brtan pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ketumat (916 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros brtan pa|(c. fourth century). One of the important masters of the Vijñānavāda school, he wrote important commentaries on the works of Vasubandhu and Āryāsaṅga.
blo gros brtan po|Name of a monk and bodhisattva who was the previous incarnation of the bodhisattva Maitreya.
blo gros brtan|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
blo gros bsam gyis mi khyab pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
blo gros bsod nams gsal|Father of the buddha Śrī.
blo gros bsod nams tog|Mother of the buddha Mānajaha.
blo gros bzang mo|Mother of the buddha Vāsanottīrṇa gati.
blo gros bzang po|A bodhisattva at the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros bzang po|Name shared by a close Śravaka disciple of the Buddha, and by a bodhisattva.
blo gros bzang po|A bodhisattva present during the delivery of the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities.
blo gros bzang po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Meruyaśas (286 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros bzang po|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara, also a son in Dhanyākara, also a previous life of the courtesan Vasumitrā, and also a king of the mahoragas.
blo gros bzang po|Previous incarnation of Buddha Śākyamuni, whose offering of five blue lotuses to Buddha Dīpaṃkara became a direct cause for his unexcelled, total, and complete enlightenment.\nNot to be confused with the Buddha Sumati.
blo gros bzang|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
blo gros bzang|The 312th buddha in the first list, 311th in the second list, and 306th in the third list.
blo gros bzang|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhaketu (125 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros can|Attendant of the buddha Puṇyahastin.
blo gros can|Father of the buddha Dharma pradīpākṣa.
blo gros can|Father of the buddha Mahā prajñā tīrtha.
blo gros chags pa med|The hundred-and-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
blo gros chen mo|Mother of the buddha Sumati.
blo gros chen po ri'i rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
blo gros chen po'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
blo gros chen po|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara.
blo gros chen po|Lit. “Great Intelligence.”
blo gros chen po|A king in the distant past.
blo gros chen po|King Śrīsena’s chief minister.
blo gros chen po|A bodhisattva present during the delivery of the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities.
blo gros dag pa'i don|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sukhacittin.
blo gros dag pa|A buddha.
blo gros dag pa|A king; former incarnation of the Buddha.
blo gros dam pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
blo gros dam pa|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
blo gros dbang po|Attendant of the buddha Sumati.
blo gros dkar ba|A buddha.
blo gros don yod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pradīparāja.
blo gros dpe med|Name of a bodhisattva.
blo gros dpe med|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
blo gros drag shul|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vimuktilābhin (601 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros drang po|A leader; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
blo gros gnas|Father of the buddha Merukūṭa.
blo gros grags ma|Mother of the buddha Vighuṣṭaśabda.
blo gros grags pa sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.
blo gros grags pa|Father of the buddha Puṇyabala.
blo gros grags pa|Mother of the buddha Vighuṣṭarāja.
blo gros grags pa|Birthplace of the buddha Āryastuta.
blo gros grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Prāṇītajñāna.
blo gros grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyābha.
blo gros grags|Mother of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
blo gros grags|Birthplace of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
blo gros grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāyaśas (81 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros gsal ba|Son of the buddha Rāhubhadra.
blo gros gsal ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāpraṇāda (914 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros gsal|Mother of the buddha Ratnavyūha.
blo gros gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
blo gros gtsang ma|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
blo gros gya nom|Father of the buddha Jñānavara.
blo gros khyad par can|Name of a bodhisattva.
blo gros khyad par can|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
blo gros khyad par|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmavāsa (422 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros ldan|Father of the buddha Puṇyadhvaja.
blo gros ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharma pradīpākṣa (984 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros legs gnas|Name of a god.
blo gros legs gnas|A great bodhisattva.
blo gros legs gnas|Attendant of the buddha Vimatijaha.
blo gros legs gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūryānana.
blo gros legs pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros legs sems|Attendant of the buddha Vidyutketu.
blo gros legs sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Marudadhipa (937 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros mchog ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Subuddhi (419 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros mchog|Attendant of the buddha Ratnapriya.
blo gros mchog|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
blo gros mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṛtārthadarśin.
blo gros mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānakośa (660 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros mdzes|Son of the buddha Aridama.
blo gros mi zad pa'i snying po|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros mi zad pa|A buddha in the southern direction.
blo gros mi zad pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
blo gros mi zad pa|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
blo gros mi zad pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Akṣaya.
blo gros mi zad pa|A bodhisatva and the main exponent of the sūtra The Teaching of Akṣayamati.
blo gros mi zad pa|A bodhisattva in the assembly at Vimalakīrti’s house, often figuring in other Mahāyāna sūtras, especially Akṣayamati nirdeśa sūtra.
blo gros mi zhan|A bodhisattva.
blo gros mig ldan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnārci.
blo gros mtha' yas grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vardhana.
blo gros mtha' yas pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
blo gros mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Pūjya.
blo gros mtha' yas|Attendant of the buddha Pradīparāja.
blo gros mtha' yas|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
blo gros mtha' yas|The primary interlocutor of the sūtra, lit. “Infinite Intelligence.”
blo gros mtha' yas|The name of a brahmin girl who is a past life of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sunetra.
blo gros mthu rtsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prabhūta.
blo gros myur ldan|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros ngan|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
blo gros nye bar zhi|Attendant of the buddha Amitābha.
blo gros nyi ma|Mother of the buddha Bhavapuṣpa.
blo gros pa|The 107th buddha in the first list, 107th in the second list, and 108th in the third list.
blo gros rab gnas|A bodhisattva.
blo gros rab gnas|A buddha realm.
blo gros rab gnas|A great bodhisattva.
blo gros rab gnas|Lit. “Stable Intellect.” A god living in the buddhafield of the tathāgata Samantakusuma.
blo gros rdo rje|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-4922 .
blo gros rgya chen|Name of a bodhisattva.
blo gros rgya chen|Mother of the buddha Praśasta.
blo gros rgya mtsho|Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇiprabhāsa.
blo gros rgya mtsho|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
blo gros rgya mtsho|A king and sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
blo gros rgya mtsho|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros rgya mtsho|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhadrapāla.
blo gros rgya mtsho|A bodhisattva from the world Adorned with Immaculate and Countless Precious Qualities. The protagonist of this discourse, his name can be translated as Oceanic Intelligence, which is referenced in the omen of the flooding of the trichiliocosm at the beginning of the sūtra.
blo gros rgyal po|A buddha.
blo gros rgyun mi 'chad pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros rnam par bsgoms pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
blo gros rnam par dag pa|The name of a bodhisattva.
blo gros rnam par dag pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros rnam par grol ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyabala.
blo gros rnyog med|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Hutārci (490 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros sems ma|Mother of the buddha Kusumanetra.
blo gros sems pa|Attendant of the second buddha Kusuma.
blo gros sems pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Aśoka (192 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthāmaśrī (364 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo gros sgrib med|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
blo gros shin tu rnam dag|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
blo gros skyon med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
blo gros sna tshogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vilocana.
blo gros snang|The fifty-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
blo gros spobs|A buddha.
blo gros stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhabala.
blo gros tog|Mother of the buddha Pradyotarāja.
blo gros tog|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnābhacandra.
blo gros tshad med pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blo gros yangs pa|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
blo gros yangs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratibala.
blo gros yon tan can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prabhūta.
blo gros zab mo|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
blo gros zab mo|The 795th buddha in the first list, 794th in the second list, and 784th in the third list.
blo gros zhi ba|Son of the buddha Anupama.
blo gros zhi ba|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
blo gros zla ba|Name of a buddha.
blo gros zla ba|Father of the buddha Ratnaprabhāsa.
blo gros zla med|The 748th buddha in the first list, 747th in the second list, and 737th in the third list.
blo gros|Son of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
blo gros|Attendant of the buddha Suśītala.
blo gros|Also translated as “understanding.”
blo gros|A prince who was a former life of Śākyamuni.
blo gros|The 88th buddha in the first list, 88th in the second list, and 89th in the third list.
blo gros|Friend of Buddha Śākyamuni’s previous incarnation Sumati. He became angry when he saw Buddha Dīpaṃkara step on Sumati’s hair, causing him to take rebirth as a hell being.
blo gsal ldan|Mother of the buddha Bodhana.
blo gsal|Attendant of the buddha Pradīpa.
blo gsal|Mother of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
blo gsal|The 479th buddha in the first list, 478th in the second list, and 472nd in the third list.
blo gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusumadeva (105 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo la gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suprabha.
blo ldan legs bsags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dundubhi megha svara (747 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Guṇavisṛta.
blo ldan mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnāgni.
blo ldan mthu chen thob|Another version of the name Mahāsthānaprāpta (-gata and -prāpta being synonymous).
blo ldan snyoms pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suśītala.
blo ldan|Father of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
blo ldan|Attendant of the buddha Atula pratibhāna rāja.
blo ldan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhugupta.
blo ldan|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
blo ldan|The 771st buddha in the first list, 770th in the second list, and 760th in the third list.
blo ldan|Fifth in the apostolic succession that carried on the Buddha’s teachings after his parinirvāṇa.
blo legs|Son of the buddha Suprabha.
blo ma 'dzings pa|Attendant of the buddha Aśoka.
blo ma|One of the four retinue goddesses of Mahāsarasvatī.
blo mchog gi dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
blo mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Vararuci.
blo mchog rgya mtsho|A bodhisattva in the northern buddhafield Fully Adorned with Jewels.
blo mchog|Father of the buddha Mahādatta.
blo mchog|Son of the buddha Anupamavādin.
blo mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vararuci.
blo mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyotiṣprabha (700 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo mi 'khrug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sārathi.
blo mi 'khrug|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhavānta maṇi gandha.
blo mi 'khrul|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
blo mi 'khrul|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vṛṣabha (461 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo mi mnga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
blo mnyam|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vasudeva.
blo mtha' yas dri med|A bodhisattva in the northeastern buddhafield Pure Immaculate Dwelling.
blo mtha' yas sgrub pa|The name of a bodhisattva. “Accomplished Limitless Intellect.”
blo mtha' yas|The name of a bodhisattva.
blo mtha' yas|The 90th buddha in the first list, 90th in the second list, and 91st in the third list.
blo mthu|Attendant of the buddha Nāgadatta.
blo mtshungs ma|Mother of the buddha Anupama.
blo mtshungs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anihatavrata.
blo ni yongs su rdzogs pa|The 192nd buddha in the first list, 191st in the second list, and 191st in the third list.
blo rab mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Akṣaya.
blo rdzogs 'od zer|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kusumaparvata.
blo rdzogs|Son of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
blo rdzogs|Attendant of the buddha Krakucchanda.
blo rnam 'byed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pramodyakīrti (132) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo sbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jyeṣṭha.
blo sbyangs|The 547th buddha in the first list, 547th in the second list, and 540th in the third list.
blo sbyin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnākara.
blo sbyong ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
blo sems|The 991st buddha in the first list, 990th in the second list, and 982nd in the third list.
blo shin tu rnam par dag pa|Mahāvyutpatti 351.
blo snang|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nāgakrama (289 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo snyoms|Attendant of the buddha Sucittayaśas.
blo spyod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhavānta maṇi gandha (341 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo stobs bskyed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
blo yangs pa|The 224th buddha in the first list, 223rd in the second list, and 223rd in the third list.
blo yangs|A universal monarch who made offerings to the buddha Nectar Joy.
blo yi 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suprabha.
blo yi 'od ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmamati (406 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo yi mar me mkhan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānavikrama.
blo yi mchog ma|The 740th buddha in the first list, 739th in the second list, and 729th in the third list.
blo yi tog|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
blo yi tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Varabuddhi.
blo zab mo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Aśoka (361 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo zab|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnatejas (308 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blo zhib|The 621st buddha in the first list, 620th in the second list, and 613th in the third list.
blo'i bkod pas legs par brgyan pa la gnas pa|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
blo'i rnam par nges pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.
blo'i sgron ma|Son of the buddha Anantatejas.
blo'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnaketu.
blo'i ye shes kyi rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.
blon po rin po che|One of the seven treasures of the cakravartin king. See also Toh 95, The Play in Full, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-103 See also Toh 4087, the Kāraṇa prajñapti, folio 126.a.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4087.html
blos 'gro ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇavisṛta.
blta bar 'os|Mother of the buddha Roca.
blta bar bzod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Asaṅgakośa (577 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blta bas mthong|Son of the buddha Kusumaprabha.
blta bzod ma|Mother of the buddha Puṇyadhvaja.
blta bzod|Son of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
blta bzod|Attendant of the buddha Oghajaha.
blta na 'od chags|A peacock king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
blta na mdzes|Birthplace of the buddha Kṛtavarman.
blta na sdug pa chen po|A wheel-turning monarch and emperor of all vidyādharas.
blta na sdug pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sumanas.
blta na sdug pa|Attendant of the buddha Jñānarāja.
blta na sdug pa|“Beautiful to See.” The golden city of the gods of Trāyastriṃśa heaven at the summit of Mount Meru.
blta na sdug|The name of a divine palace in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
blta na sdug|Peacock who overheard the Buddha teaching on Vulture Peak Mountain.
blta na sdug|(1) One of the seven golden mountains. (2) The city of the Thirty-Three Gods.
blta na sdug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prajñāna vihāsa svara.
blta na sdug|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhābala (800 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
blta na sdug|Son of the householder Dhanika in Rājagṛha during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni. After he and his parents heard the Dharma from the Buddha, he went forth and manifested arhatship. Also the name of a future buddha, see “Sudarśana.”
blta na yid du 'ong ba|Birthplace of the buddha Mahita.
blta sdug 'dod|Attendant of the buddha Laḍitakrama.
blta sdug sprin chen|A tathāgata.
blta sdug|Son of the buddha Anavanata.
blta sdug|Father of the buddha Candrodgata.
blugs gzar|Small sacrificial wooden ladle with two collateral cavities.
bo dong paN chen phyogs las rnam rgyal|1376–1451. Prolific scholar and abbot of the Bodong E monastery.
bo la|A code word for the male sexual organ. Taken literally, refers to “gum myrrh.”
bod skad can|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bong bu'i kun dga' ra ba|A monastery visited by the monk Lotus Color during his trip to Mathurā.
bong bu|A powerful yakṣa of the Himalayas.
bong bu|A yakṣa. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2702 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2703 .
bong mo|A rākṣasī.
bra nye|The name of a nakṣatra.
bra nye|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as 35 Arietis in the occidental tradition.
brag 'joms rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
brag gi nags|A forest on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
brag phug|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
brag|A great bodhisattva.
brag|The name of a nāga lady from a previous eon.
bram ze be la ma|Appears in various Buddhist stories from the Pali canon onward as a previous incarnation of the Buddha who was renowned for the great acts of charity and generosity he performed despite the unworthiness of his recipients.
bram ze chen po gnag lhas skyes|A brahmin who was the Buddha in a former life.
bram ze ka pi na chen po|One of the most eminent monks of the Buddha’s order. Going out to teach by direct order of the Buddha, he became famous for leading one thousand disciples to attain arhatship. Also rendered here simply as “Brāhmaṇa Kapina.”
bram ze ka pi na|A disciple of the Buddha.
bram ze khye'u|The son and successor of the king Soma (the latter identified by Jayaswal as Śaśāṇka).
bram ze'i grong|A village in Kosala.
bram ze'i khye'u|The Buddha Śākyamuni in an earlier life, when his awakening was predicted by the buddha Dīpaṃkara.
bram ze'i rdo leb|A location in the country of Trigarta.
bram ze'i rigs|The highest caste in traditional Indian society.
bram ze'i rigs|First of the four classes of traditional Indian society.
bram ze'i rigs|One of the four castes, that of the highly respected priestly caste of classical Indian society.
bram ze|A person belonging to the highest caste among the four social castes of India.
bram ze|A member of the priestly class or caste from the four social divisions of India.
bram ze|A person belonging to the highly respected priestly caste of classical Indian society.
bram ze|A member of the highest of the four traditional castes in Hinduism, the priestly caste.
bram ze|The highest of the four classes in the Indian caste system, it is most closely associated with religious vocations.
bram ze|A member of the highest class in the Indian caste hierarchy, which is most closely associated with religious vocations.
bran mo chen mo|‟Great Servant,” a bhūtinī.
bran mo|Female ceṭa.
bran pa|A class of malevolent spirits.
bran pho|Servant; also a class of spirits used as servants.
brang 'gro chen po|A class of serpent-like beings.
brang chen po|One of the kinnara kings.
brang gis 'gro ba|A class of serpent-like beings.
brang na gnas pa ma|An apsaras/goddess.
brang rgyas|One of the kinnara kings.
brang skyes|Attendant of the buddha Lokapriya.
bran|Servant; also a class of spirits used as servants.
bran|Someone born into service, e.g., the children of slaves, serfs, and servants.
bras bu che|The twelfth heaven of the form realm.
bras bu nyam chung|A nāga.
brda dang sgra la 'jug pa|Name of the eighty-seventh meditative stability.
brda dang sgra thams cad la 'jug pa|Lit. “entry into all terms and sounds.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
brda dang sgra thams cad pa|Son of the buddha Mayūra.
brda la mkhas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimalakīrti.
brda rnying|Translational terminology used before the revisions and codification of the ninth century.
brda skad thams cad kyi rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpa.
brda skad thams cad la rab tu spobs pa|Son of the buddha Yaśas.
brda skad zad mi shes pa'i blo can|Attendant of the buddha Raśmijāla.
brda|Also translated as “term.”
brdzi ba med gshegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnākara (104 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brdzun|The fourth of the ten nonvirtuous actions (see ten nonvirtuous courses of action).
bre bo ma|One of eight children, a daughter, of King Siṃhahanu of Kapilavastu.
bre bo zas|One of eight children, a son, of King Siṃhahanu of Kapilavastu.
bre'u chung|A measure of volume.
bre|A unit of weight equal to thirty-two pala.
brgya byin dga' ba|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
brgya byin lhar 'dzin yun ring gnas|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
brgya byin|The lord of the gods. Also known as Indra, the deity who is called “lord of the devas” dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. The Tibetan translation {brgya byin} (meaning “one hundred sacrifices”) follows the traditional Sanskrit semantic gloss that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu, one who has performed a hundred sacrifices. Each world with a central Sumeru has a Śakra.
brgya byin|Also commonly known as Indra, he is the deity, called “lord of the devas,” who dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. The Tibetan translation is based on an etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu: one who has performed a hundred sacrifices. The highest Vedic sacrifice was the horse sacrifice, and there is a tradition that he became the lord of the gods through performing them.
brgya byin|The lord of the gods. More commonly known in the West as Indra, the deity who is called “lord of the gods” dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. The Tibetan translation {brgya byin} (meaning “one hundred sacrifices”) is based on an etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu, one who has performed a hundred sacrifices. Each world with a central Sumeru has a Śakra. Also referred to by the epithet Kauśika.
brgya byin|Also known as Indra, he is the deity who is called “lord of the devas” and dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru, wielding the vajra. The Tibetan translation is based on the etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu (“one who has performed a hundred sacrifices”). The highest Vedic sacrifice was the horse sacrifice, and there is a tradition that he became the lord of the gods through performing them. In this sūtra there are numerous Śakras in various worlds.
brgya byin|More commonly known in the West as Indra, the deity that is called “lord of the devas” dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. The Tibetan translation is based on an etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu, one who has performed a hundred sacrifices. The highest vedic sacrifice was the horse sacrifice, and there is a tradition that he became the lord of the gods through performing them. Each world with a central Sumeru has a Śakra; therefore this sutra mentions them in the plural.
brgya byin|The Tibetan name used in this text corresponds to the Sanskrit “Śakra,” another name for the preeminent vajra-wielding Vedic deity Indra who is called “lord of the deities” and is associated with storms and righteous warfare. The Tibetan translation is based on an etymology that śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu, “one who has performed a hundred sacrifices.” In Buddhism, he is the god of the realm equivalent to the second heaven of the desire realm, the heaven of Thirty-Three Gods. In the Buddhist Avataṃsaka cosmology of innumerable (asaṃkhyeya) interpenetrating buddha realms, there are myriad Śakras (aka Indra), each presiding over his own world-system.
brgya la las|Literally “one in a hundred.” Also rendered here as “should it be the case that,” “rare,” and “rarely.”
brgya la las|{brgya la las} is literally “one in a hundred.” Also rendered here as “rarely,” “should it be the case that,” and “should it happen that.”
brgya sbyin|A divine being who rules the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
brgya sbyin|King of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. Also known as Indra.
brgya sbyin|Also known as Kauśika and as Indra. King of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-three.
brgyad pa'i sa|Lit. “Eighth level,” sometimes rendered “Eighth Lowest.” The third of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
brgyad pa'i sa|A person who is eight steps away in the arc of their development from becoming an arhat (Tib. {dgra bcom pa}). Specifically, this term refers to one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream-enterer (Skt. śrotāpanna; Tib. {rgyun du zhugs pa}), and is the first and lowest stage in a list of eight stages or classes of a noble person (Skt. āryapudgala). The person at this lowest stage in the sequence is still on the path of seeing (Skt. darśanamārga; Tib. {mthong lam}), and then enters the path of cultivation (Skt. bhāvanāmārga; Tib. {sgoms lam}) upon attaining the next stage, that of a stream-enterer (stage 7). From there they progress through the remaining stages of the śrāvaka path, becoming in turn a once-returner (stages six and five), a non-returner (stages four and three), and an arhat (stages two and one).\nThis same “eighth stage” also appears in set of ten levels (Skt. daśabhūmi; Tib. {sa bcu}) found in Mahāyāna sources, where it is the third step out of the ten. Not to be confused with the ten levels of the bodhisattva’s path, these ten levels mark the progress of one who sequentially follows the paths of a śrāvaka, pratyekabuddha, and then bodhisattva on their way to complete buddhahood. In this set of ten level a person “on the eighth stage” is similarly one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream-enterer.
brgyad pa'i sa|This is an oblique reference to the stage of being eight steps away from becoming an arhat (Tib. {dgra bcom pa}). Specifically, this term refers to one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream enterer (Skt. śrotāpanna; Tib. {rgyun du zhugs pa}), and is the first and lowest stage in a list of eight stages or classes of a noble person (Skt. āryapudgala). The person at this lowest stage in the sequence is still on the path of seeing (Skt. darśanamārga; Tib. {mthong lam}), and then enters the path of cultivation (Skt. bhāvanāmārga; Tib. {sgoms lam}) upon attaining the next stage, that of a stream enterer (stage seven). From there they progress through the remaining stages of the hearer path, becoming in turn a once-returner (stages six and five), a non-returner (stages four and three), and an arhat (stages two and one). This same “eighth stage” also appears in set of ten stages (Skt. daśabhūmi; Tib. {sa bcu}) found in Mahāyāna sources, where it is the third step out of the ten. Not to be confused with the ten stages of the bodhisattva’s path, these ten stages mark the progress of one who sequentially follows the paths of a hearer, solitary buddha, and then bodhisattva on their way to complete buddhahood. In this set of ten stages a person “on the eighth stage” is similarly one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream enterer.
brgyad pa|A ṛṣi in the past.
brgyad pa|One of the eight levels of the hearers' spiritual development, just prior to the attainment of stream entry.
brgyad pa|This is an oblique reference to the stage of being eight steps away from becoming an arhat (Tib. {dgra bcom pa}). Specifically, this term refers to one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream enterer (Skt. śrotāpanna; Tib. {rgyun du zhugs pa}), and is the first and lowest stage in a list of eight stages or classes of a noble person (Skt. āryapudgala). The person at this lowest stage in the sequence is still on the path of seeing (Skt. darśanamārga; Tib. {mthong lam}), and then enters the path of cultivation (Skt. bhāvanāmārga; Tib. {sgoms lam}) upon attaining the next stage, that of a stream enterer (stage seven). From there they progress through the remaining stages of the hearer path, becoming in turn a once-returner (stages six and five), a non-returner (stages four and three), and an arhat (stages two and one). This same “eighth stage” also appears in set of ten stages (Skt. daśabhūmi; Tib. {sa bcu}) found in Mahāyāna sources, where it is the third step out of the ten. Not to be confused with the ten stages of the bodhisattva’s path, these ten stages mark the progress of one who sequentially follows the paths of a hearer, solitary buddha, and then bodhisattva on their way to complete buddhahood. In this set of ten stages a person “on the eighth stage” is similarly one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream enterer.
brgyad pa|A person who is eight steps away in the arc of their development from becoming an worthy one (Skt. arhat; Tib. {dgra bcom pa}). Specifically, this term refers to one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream-enterer (Skt. srotaāpanna; Tib. {rgyun du zhugs pa}), and is the first and lowest stage in a list of eight stages or classes of a noble person (Skt. āryapudgala). The person at this lowest stage in the sequence is still on the path of seeing (Skt. darśanamārga; Tib. {mthong lam}), and then enters the path of cultivation (Skt. bhāvanāmārga; Tib. {sgoms lam}) upon attaining the next stage, that of a stream-enterer (stage 7). From there they progress through the remaining stages of the hearer’s path, becoming in turn a once-returner (stages six and five), a non-returner (stages four and three), and an worthy one (stages two and one). This same “eighth stage” also appears in set of ten stages (Skt. daśabhūmi; Tib. {sa bcu}) found in Great Vehicle sources, where it is the third step out of the ten. Not to be confused with the ten stages of the bodhisattva’s path, these ten stages mark the progress of one who sequentially follows the paths of a hearer, solitary buddha, and then bodhisattva on their way to complete buddhahood. In this set of ten stages a person “on the eighth stage” is similarly one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream-enterer.
brgyad ston|Feasts falling on these days of the lunar month are considered an acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
brgyan pa'i ting nge 'dzin|The śūraṃgama absorption is a meditative state that enables one to overcome obstacles.
brgyan pa|A buddha realm.
brgyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sthitārtha jñānin.
brgyan pa|The 559th buddha in the first list, 559th in the second list, and 552nd in the third list.
bri dzi na|The land and people of Vṛji or Vaji (Pāli Vajji), a country situated on the north eastern Gangetic plain, and one of the 16 mahājanapada of Ancient India. It was run by a confederacy of eight or nine clans, including the Vṛji, Licchavi, and Videha, who sent representatives to an administrative council led by an elected ruler. Its capital was Vaiśālī. See Edgerton, s.v. Vṛji and Vaji.
bri ha ti|Solanum indicum.
bris pa|A ṛṣi.
brjed byed|A class of spirits that cause epilepsy.
brjed byed|A class of spirits causing memory loss.
brjed byed|A class of nonhuman beings believed to be responsible for a number of illnesses and disorders, specifically epilepsy.
brjed byed|A name for both seizures and the demon that causes seizures and loss of consciousness. The Tibetan specifically means “causing forgetting.”
brjed byed|This is the name for epilepsy, but also refers to the demon that causes epilepsy and loss of consciousness, as in the Kāraṇḍavyūha. The Tibetan specifically means “causing forgetting.”
brjed byed|Epileptic or otherwise, symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
brjed med nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
brjed ngas|A māra.
brjed pa med par spyod pa|The name of an absorption.
brjed pa med pa|Name of the twentieth meditative stability.
brjed pa med pa|Lit. “non-loss of mindfulness.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
brjed pa med pa|One of the three qualities of mindfulness ({dran pa}; smṛti) including familiarization ({'dris pa'i dngos po;} samstute vastuni) and nondistraction ({mi g.yeng ba;} avikṣipta). See, for example, Jaini 1992 (pp. 47–59) on asaṃpramoṣa in Abhidharma literature. The “absorption of nonforgetfullness” (asaṃpramoṣo nāma samādhiḥ) is listed in the Mahāvyutpatti §526.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4346.html
brjod bya|A nāga king.
brjod du med pa'i yang brjod du med pa la bsgres|The term for the largest number given in this sūtra.
brjod du med pa'i yang brjod du med pa|The term for the second-largest number given in this sūtra.
brjod du med par 'phags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
brjod du med pa|A bodhisattva.
brjod pa don yod|A buddha.
brjod pa|Literally, “speaking” or “telling”; any expression of words or speech that conveys meaning.
brjod skyob|A goddess.
brkus pa|Someone seized and held captive by another government, as with prisoners of war.
brkyang ma|The left subtle channel (nāḍī).
brkyang ma|The left channel above the navel.
brkyang ma|The prāṇa channel on the left side of the body.
brla gang zhing zlum pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the fifteenth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
brnab sems|The first among the three mental misdeeds.
brnab sems|Eighth of ten non-virtuous actions; first of the four knots.
bro ba'i mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhadaṃṣṭra.
brog gnas|The name, possibly corrupt, of a country in ancient India.
brtags pa'i blo|Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
brtan dga'|(1) A peak on Sumeru ({rtag dga'}). (2) A realm of the ever-infatuated gods ({brtan dga'}).
brtan gshegs|The 59th buddha in the first list, 59th in the second list, and 60th in the third list.
brtan ldan|A town.
brtan ldan|Son of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
brtan ldan|Attendant of the buddha Vairocana.
brtan ldan|The 36th buddha in the first list, 36th in the second list, and 37th in the third list.
brtan ma|An earth goddess at the bodhimaṇḍa.
brtan mkhas kyi yon tan|To accept charge of monk apprentices and monk journeymen, a monk must himself be both stable, meaning he has been ordained at least five or ten years without incurring an offense, and knowledgeable, meaning he has at least one of the twenty-one sets of five qualities described in “The Chapter on Going Forth.”
brtan pa dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
brtan pa'i blo gros gzhon nur gyur ba|Another name for the great bodhisattva Dṛḍhamati.
brtan pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
brtan pa'i blo gros|An eminent daughter in Dhanyākara.
brtan pa'i blo gros|A great bodhisattva. Also called as Dṛḍhamati kumāra bhūta.
brtan pa'i blo gros|A great bodhisattva and interlocutor in several long passages of this sūtra. Also called as Dṛḍhamati kumāra bhūta. Dṛḍhamati is the main interlocutor in the Śūraṃgamasamādhisūtra, Toh 132.
brtan pa'i blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vaiḍūryagarbha (688 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtan pa'i chu|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks. (2) A pond on Equal Peaks. (3) A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit ({brtan pa'i chu}).
brtan pa'i dbyangs|The 998th buddha in the first list, 997th in the second list, and 988th in the third list.
brtan pa'i sde|A great bodhisattva and householder.
brtan par 'gyur ba|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its eighteenth week.
brtan par gshegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Duṣpradharṣa (39 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtan par snang|Birthplace of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
brtan pas byin|A king in the distant past.
brtan pas byin|Attendant of the buddha Siddhārtha.
brtan pas byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tiṣya.
brtan pa|Attendant of the buddha Amoghavikramin.
brtan pa|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
brtan pa|The name of the twenty thousand channels on the left side of the body.
brtan pa|The 807th buddha in the first list, 806th in the second list, and 795th in the third list.
brtan pa|A monk who has been ordained at least five or ten years without incurring an offense is considered stable.
brtan pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vajra (48 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtan po|A buddha realm.
brtan po|Name of a sage.
brtan|The king identified with Dhruvasena II of the Maitraka dynasty.
brtse ba|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
brtsegs mig|Name of a yakṣa.
brtsegs pa rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
brtsegs pa'i mtshan|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
brtsegs skyong|A village. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2552
brtson 'grus 'bar ba|Name of a bodhisattva.
brtson 'grus 'bar ba|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
brtson 'grus 'bar ba|A buddha in a world called Astounding Sight and an eon in the past called Flower Origin.
brtson 'grus 'bar|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
brtson 'grus 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jagadraśmi.
brtson 'grus bde ba'i dbang po|Attendant of the buddha Śrīgarbha.
brtson 'grus blo gros|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
brtson 'grus brtan pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūrata.
brtson 'grus brtan po'i go bgos pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gautama.
brtson 'grus brtan pos pha rol gnon pa can|Attendant of the buddha Vaiḍūryagarbha.
brtson 'grus brtan pos pha rol gnon par grags pa ma smad pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūrya.
brtson 'grus brtan|Attendant of the buddha Mahāpriya.
brtson 'grus brtan|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
brtson 'grus brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maitreya.
brtson 'grus brtan|The 133rd buddha in the first list, 133rd in the second list, and 133rd in the third list.
brtson 'grus brtan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusumarāṣṭra (405 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtson 'grus byin|Attendant of the buddha Ratna.
brtson 'grus byin|Father of the buddha Mahābāhu.
brtson 'grus chen po'i klu|A Dharma king during the time of the buddha Lamp of the Nāga Family.
brtson 'grus chen pos rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
brtson 'grus chen po|A bodhisattva and previous incarnation of the Buddha.
brtson 'grus chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ketumat (767 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtson 'grus cher dgongs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Rāhugupta (966 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtson 'grus dpag tu med pa'i 'od zer yon tan rnam par rgyal ba'i rgyal po|A future buddha.
brtson 'grus dpe med blo gros|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
brtson 'grus gong na med|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
brtson 'grus grangs med pa la zhugs pa'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Awakening of Beautiful Thought.
brtson 'grus grangs med pas yang dag par rab tu gnas pa|A buddha who lives in a buddha realm above this world.
brtson 'grus gsal ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amṛta (785 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtson 'grus kyi dbang po|Second of the five faculties.
brtson 'grus kyi pha rol tu phyin pa|Fourth of the six transcendent perfections.
brtson 'grus kyi sgron ma kun tu snang ba'i sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
brtson 'grus kyi shugs thub par dka' ba'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva from a southern realm.
brtson 'grus kyi stobs kyis pha rol gnon pa'i blo can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Raśmijāla.
brtson 'grus kyi stobs|Lit. “power of perseverance.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
brtson 'grus kyi stobs|Both the name of the fourteenth meditative stability and the second of the five powers.
brtson 'grus ldan|“Diligent,” the diligent one; Prince Puṇyabala’s brother who exemplifies diligence.
brtson 'grus ma nyams pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
brtson 'grus mi gtong|Attendant of the buddha Ojaṅgama.
brtson 'grus mngon du 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
brtson 'grus mos|A bodhisattva-monk who was a previous incarnation of the Buddha.
brtson 'grus mtha' yas|A buddha.
brtson 'grus mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
brtson 'grus mtha' yas|Name of a tathāgata.
brtson 'grus mtha' yas|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
brtson 'grus mtha' yas|Past buddha who taught the meditative absorption that is the teaching of the The Good Eon.
brtson 'grus nyams pa med pa|Eighth of the eighten distinct qualities of the buddhas.
brtson 'grus phung po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ojaṅgama.
brtson 'grus sbyin|The 61st buddha in the first list, 61st in the second list, and 62nd in the third list.
brtson 'grus skyes pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Accomplisher of All Goals.
brtson 'grus skyo med|A great bodhisattva.
brtson 'grus thob|Attendant of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
brtson 'grus yang dag byang chub kyi yan lag|Third of the seven branches of enlightenment.
brtson 'grus|A state of mind characterized by having joyful persistence when engaging in virtuous activity. One of the six perfections of a bodhisattva.
brtson 'grus|One of the six perfections, the five perfections, the seven limbs of awakening, the five abilities, the four bases of magical power, and the five powers.
brtson 'grus|Enthusiasm for virtue. One of the six perfections, the seven limbs of awakening, the five abilities, the four bases of magical power, and the five powers.
brtson 'grus|The fourth of the six perfections, it is also among the seven branches of enlightenment, the five abilities, the four bases of magical power, and the five powers. Also translated here as “diligence.”
brtson 'grus|The term vīrya is related to, and often derived from, vīra, which is related to the Latin vir, from which both “virility” and “virtue” are derived. Vīrya brings to mind heroism, valor, virility, courage, and strength. Although vīrya is often translated as “diligence,” we have here chosen to render it “heroism.”
brtson 'grus|The Sanskrit term vīrya may be understood as “energy” or “vigor.” In Buddhist contexts the term implies having enthusiasm toward a virtuous endeavor, which includes taking joy in such virtuous endeavor, and it is considered an antidote to laziness. It is included in many different lists of positive attributes, and later in the Mahāyāna context it is included as the forth of the six perfections (ṣaṭpāramitā).
brtson brtan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigatakāṅkṣa (180 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtson grus brtsams|A bodhisattva.
brtson grus dpe med|A buddha.
brtson pa mi 'dor ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati.
brtson pa mi gtong ba|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
brtson pa mi gtong ba|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
brtson pa mi gtong zhing bkod pa chen po rtag pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sukrama.
brtson pa mi gtong|A great bodhisattva.
brtson pa mi gtong|Mother of the buddha Candana.
brtson pa mi gtong|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
brtson pa mi gtong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candra.
brtson pa mtha' yas|A buddha.
brtson pa'i khyu mchog|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
brtson pa'i mi 'dor|Name of a bodhisattva.
brtson pa|The fourth of the six perfections, it is also among the seven branches of enlightenment, the five abilities, the four bases of magical power, and the five powers. Also translated here as “diligence.”
brtul zhugs 'byor|Father of the buddha Jñānakrama.
brtul zhugs 'byor|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahādarśana (733 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtul zhugs 'byung ba'i rgyal po|Son of the buddha Vijita.
brtul zhugs bden pa|Mother of the buddha Jñānābhibhū.
brtul zhugs bden|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jaya.
brtul zhugs brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmākara.
brtul zhugs brtan|The 451st buddha in the first list, 450th in the second list, and 444th in the third list.
brtul zhugs brtan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Surūpa (587 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtul zhugs bstar|The 934th buddha in the first list, 933rd in the second list, and 924th in the third list. The correspondence between the Tibetan {bstar} and the Sanskrit nidhi is tentative.
brtul zhugs bzang po|A great bodhisattva.
brtul zhugs bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Jñānasūrya.
brtul zhugs bzang po|A head merchant’s son in Dhanyākara.
brtul zhugs bzang po|The 514th buddha in the first list, 514th in the second list, and 507th in the third list.
brtul zhugs bzang po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the kings of the Nāgasena dynasty.
brtul zhugs bzang|Father of the buddha Śailendrarāja.
brtul zhugs chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
brtul zhugs chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇasāgara (884 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtul zhugs che|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśottara (345 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtul zhugs dbang po|Father of the buddha Jñānarata.
brtul zhugs dka' thub|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇicūḍa.
brtul zhugs dka' thub|The 455th buddha in the first list, 454th in the second list, and 448th in the third list.
brtul zhugs dkyil 'khor|The forty-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
brtul zhugs don|Father of the buddha Kṣemapriya.
brtul zhugs dpa' bo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyapriya (907 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtul zhugs drag ldan|Mother of the buddha Guṇaprabhāsa.
brtul zhugs drag|Mother of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna raśmi.
brtul zhugs gnas pa|The 865th buddha in the first list, 864th in the second list, and 854th in the third list.
brtul zhugs grub pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vaidya.
brtul zhugs grub pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati.
brtul zhugs grub|Mother of the buddha Ūrṇa.
brtul zhugs grub|Son of the buddha Vidumati.
brtul zhugs grub|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vibhakta jñā svara.
brtul zhugs legs spyad|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
brtul zhugs lha|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sukhita.
brtul zhugs mchod rten|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhadharma.
brtul zhugs mchog 'dzin|Fourth of the four knots.
brtul zhugs mdzes|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
brtul zhugs mi tshugs|Attendant of the buddha Sūryānana.
brtul zhugs rdzogs pa lha mchod grags|Attendant of the buddha Asaṅgadhvaja.
brtul zhugs rgya mtsho|A buddha in the distant past.
brtul zhugs sems|Father of the buddha Subuddhi.
brtul zhugs seng ge|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vibhakta jñā svara (975 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtul zhugs shes|Father of the buddha Amitalocana.
brtul zhugs snying po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthitārtha jñānin.
brtul zhugs snyoms pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vararūpa (645 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
brtul zhugs spyad|A buddha.
brtul zhugs thub med|The 355th buddha in the first list, 354th in the second list, and 349th in the third list.
brtul zhugs yang dag 'phags|Mother of the buddha Āśādatta.
brtul zhugs yang dag par 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śrīgupta.
brtul zhugs yongs su dag pa|Eldest son of the universal monarch Nimiṃdhara.
brtul zhugs|Attendant of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
brtul zhugs|Specific behavioral prescriptions, often time-delimited, that are adopted in esoteric Buddhist practices. They differ from rite to rite, and practice system to practice system.
brtul zhugs|Refers to the twelve ascetic virtues ({sbyang pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis}) concerning food, clothing, and residence, such as begging for alms, wearing castoff clothing, and living in seclusion.
brtul zhugs|A prescribed mode of behavior, typically time-delimited, that is observed in connection with specific rites and practices. In the Yoginī Tantras, these often include transgressive practices such as engaging with impure substances.
bru sha|In modern NW Pakistan.
brug sgra|A bodhisattva.
brug stong bgrags pa'i sgra skad kyi rgyal po|The name of a buddha in the southeastern direction.
bsam 'dzin|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
bsam btan bzhi|The four levels of the realm of form.
bsam bya dga'|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bsam gtan 'gro|One of the rāśis.
bsam gtan 'gro|Son of the buddha Vajrasaṃhata.
bsam gtan bla ma|A monk.
bsam gtan byed pa|Also translated as “practicing concentration.”
bsam gtan bzhi|The four levels of existence and meditative concentration within the form realm.
bsam gtan bzhi|A standard classification of four increasingly refined meditative states found in Buddhist texts.
bsam gtan bzhi|Also called “four concentrations” or “meditations,” or “practices of concentration,” in the Sūtrayāna tradition this term refers to the four concentrations of the form realm ({gzugs khams kyi bsam gtan bzhi}) (Rigzin 455).
bsam gtan bzhi|The four progressive levels of concentration of the form realm that culminate in pure one-pointedness of mind, and are a requirement for cultivation of the five or six types of higher knowledges, and so on. These are part of the nine gradual attainments.
bsam gtan bzhi|Described at length in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-170 . See also “meditative concentration.”\nThe four meditative concentrations and their fruits are specifically examined in Jamgon Kongtrul, TOK Book 6, Pt. 2: 427–436. For Pāli and Sanskrit sources, see Dayal (1932): 225–231.
bsam gtan bzhi|The four progressive levels of concentration of the form realm that culminate in pure one-pointedness of mind and are the basis for developing insight. These are part of the nine serial absorptions. The formulas given at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-1620 are the definitions or descriptions for each of the four.
bsam gtan dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śrīgarbha.
bsam gtan dga' ba|Son of the buddha Saṃjaya.
bsam gtan dga'|Father of the buddha Gautama.
bsam gtan dgyes|The 274th buddha in the first list, 273rd in the second list, and 273rd in the third list.
bsam gtan gyi pha rol tu phyin pa|Fifth of the six transcendent perfections.
bsam gtan gzhi|The four levels of meditative absorption of the beings of the form realms.
bsam gtan gzhi|The four levels of meditative concentration previously attained by beings who inhabit the heavens of the form realm. These are named “first” through “fourth” and each is described at length in Buddhist texts.
bsam gtan pa la dad byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
bsam gtan pa yis bsngags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Adoṣa.
bsam gtan sgra'i bya bas dben pa|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
bsam gtan snyoms|The 786th buddha in the first list, 785th in the second list, and 775th in the third list.
bsam gtan spyod yul|A monk.
bsam gtan stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Velāmarāja.
bsam gtan|Generally one of the synonyms for meditation, referring to a state of mental stability. Specifically, as in this sūtra, it refers to the four dhyānas, which are responsible for rebirth in the four levels—composed of seventeen paradises—of the form realm, and the four dhyānas that bring rebirth in the four levels of the formless realm, which, though called a “realm,” has no cosmological location.
bsam gtan|Also called “(meditative) concentration,” “meditative state,” and a state of mind in which one is able to focus one’s attention single-pointedly on any suitable virtuous object without wavering (Rigzin 455). Closely related to meditative stabilization (samādhi).\nThe term “meditation” has also been used in this translation to render {sgom pa} (meditation training) and {ting nge 'dzin} (meditative stabilization).
bsam gtan|Designates both the mental state of deep concentration and the meditative practices leading to it. These states are characterized by a gradual withdrawal of consciousness from external sense data. Two broad distinctions are made: rūpāvacara dhyāna or the meditative absorption associated with the form realm, and ārūpyāvacara dhyāna or the meditative absorption associated with the formless or immaterial realm. Each of the two dhyānas is subdivided into four stages. See also “four states of imperturbability.”
bsam gtan|Meditative concentration is defined as the one-pointed abiding in an undistracted state of mind free from afflicted mental states. It is an advanced form of calm abiding, where often both calm abiding and penetrative insight may be present in perfect union. Four states of meditative concentration are identified as being conducive to birth within the world system of form, each of which has three phases of intensity. However, in the context‌ of the Great Vehicle, meditative concentration is the fifth of the six transcendent perfections. See also “four meditative concentrations” and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-170 .
bsam gtan|One of the synonyms for meditation, referring specifically to states of mental stability or one-pointed abiding in an undistracted state of mind free from afflicted mental states. The term also refers to the specific states of absorption of the form and formless realms. Abiding in these absorptions can cause one to be reborn into these realms, and the states themselves also seem to have a spatial correlation to the form and formless realms. In this way there are eight progressive dhyānas; the first four rūpāvacara dhyāna correspond to the form realm and the latter ārūpāvacara dhyāna corrspond to the formless realms. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-001.html#UT22084-060-001-46 .
bsam gtan|Designates mental states of deep concentration and the specific meditative practices leading to them. These states are characterized by a gradual withdrawal of one’s awareness from external sense data. There are four meditative absorptions associated with the form realm and four meditative absorption associated with the formless realm. In the course of the four meditative absorptions associated with the form realm, the meditator gradually eliminates the five hindrances (sensuous desire, ill will, sloth and torpor, restlessness and worry, and doubt) and cultivates the seven constituents of enlightenment (Skt. bodhyaṅga). In the four meditative absorptions associated with the formless realm, the meditator gradually refines the object of the fourth meditative absorption associated with the form realm to the point of the complete dissolution of subject-object differentiation.
bsam gyis mi khyab 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vāsanottīrṇa gati (888 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i don gyi snying po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i dpal|A buddha realm.
bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i dpal|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva who is the primary interlocutor in Toh 268.
bsam gyis mi khyab pa|Lit. “unthinkability,” (on the part of a mind whose thinking is conditioned and bound by conceptual terms). This is essentially synonymous with “incomprehensibility” (see entry).
bsam gyis mi khyab stegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vasuśreṣṭha (951 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsam pa byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gandhahastin.
bsam pa bzang po|A head merchant’s son in Dhanyākara.
bsam pa bzhin du sbyin|Birthplace of the buddha Vratanidhi.
bsam pa dga' med|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell. Alternatively referred to as No Hope of Joy ({kun dga' la re ba med pa}) in the Tibetan text.
bsam pa ji lta ba bzhin 'byung ba|Birthplace of the buddha Siddhārtha.
bsam pa legs par rnam par sems|A bodhisattva.
bsam pa legs par sems|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bsam pa ma yin pa|One of the kings of the piśācas.
bsam pa ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bsam pa snying rje can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmaketu.
bsam pa thams cad 'phags|Father of the buddha Yaśas.
bsam pa yang dag 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Āśādatta.
bsam pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva in a southern realm.
bsam pa'i stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagātra.
bsam pas byin pa|The 471st buddha in the first list, 470th in the second list, and 464th in the third list.
bsam pas byin|Mother of the buddha Dharmamati.
bsam pa|One of the kings of the piśācas.
bsam pa|In general, a joyous attitude to help living beings and accomplish virtue. This is also the first stirring in the bodhisattva’s mind of the inspiration to attain enlightenment (see “high resolve”). See Lamotte, Appendice, Note II.
bsam sbyin grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Cāritraka.
bsam yas|The first monastery established in Tibet, built between 775 and 779 ce. It was the location of the decades-long program of translating Buddhist texts.
bsams 'gro|(1) A lake near Sudharma ({bsams 'gro}). (2) A lotus pool in Lateral ({yid bzhin sna tshogs}).
bsams bzhin ster|Birthplace of the buddha Samṛddha.
bsdams par rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
bsdigs pa'i las|One of five types of disciplinary acts meted out by the saṅgha. This was first imposed on the Pandulohitaka monks for their quarrelsomeness.
bsdo ba sangs|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
bsdu ba mkhyen pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vratatapas (448 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsdu ba rnam 'byed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharma pradīpacchatra (979 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsdu ba'i blo mnga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anuddhata (479 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsdu ba'i blo mnga|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vighuṣṭarāja (532 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsdu ba'i dngos bzhi|Generosity, kind words, meaningful actions, and practicing what one preaches.
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi po|Giving whatever is necessary, speaking pleasantly, cooperation, and consistency between words and deeds.
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi'i ming|Mahāvyutpatti 924. The four methods of conversion are: (1) generosity (dāna), (2) kind words (priyavādita), (3) being supportive of others (arthacaryā), and (4) being consistent with one’s own teachings (samānārthatā). (see Mvyut 924).
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi|These are traditionally listed as four: generosity, kind talk, meaningful actions, and practicing what one preaches.
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi|Buddhas attract disciples through generosity, speaking pleasantly, consistency in action, and acting altruistically.
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi|The four means of attracting disciples are generosity, kind talk, meaningful actions, and practicing what one preaches.
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi|The four means of enticement are (1) generosity, (2) kind words, (3) consistency between words and deeds, and (4) helpful actions.
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi|Four ways of attracting people to the Buddhist teachings: charity, kind words, beneficial conduct, and practicing what one preaches.
bsdu ba'i dngos po bzhi|The qualities of teachers that enable them to gather fortunate students, namely, that they should be generous, their language should be pleasant, they should teach each individual according to that person’s needs, and they should act in conformity with what they teach.
bsdu ba'i dngos po|The means of winning over beings; traditionally there are four of them—generosity, kind talk, meaningful action, and impartiality.
bsdu ba'i dngos po|The four methods of attracting pupils are generosity, pleasant speech, beneficial conduct, and conduct that accords with the wishes of pupils.
bsdu ba'i dngos po|This is generally given as a list of four qualities or methods for attracting students: generosity, kind talk, meaningful actions, and practicing what one preaches.
bsdu ba'i dngos po|The four modes for attracting people to the Dharma: giving (dāna); pleasant speech (priyavaditā); accomplishment of the aims (of others) by teaching Dharma (arthacaryā); and consistency of behavior with the teaching (samānārthatā).
bsdu ba'i dngos po|Four ways in which a bodhisattva forms a group of people united by the common aim of practicing the Dharma: giving (dāna); pleasant speech (priyavaditā); accomplishment of the aims (of others) by teaching Dharma (arthacaryā); and consistency of behavior with the teaching (samānārthatā).
bsdu ba'i dngos po|The four methods of attracting disciples are generosity (Tib. {sbyin pa}, Skt. dāna), pleasant speech (Tib. {snyan par smra ba}, Skt. priyavādita), helpfulness (Tib. {don spyod pa}, Skt. arthacaryā), and acting in a way that accords with the teachings (Tib. {don 'thun pa}, Skt. samānārthatā).
bsdu ba|The means of attracting disciples: generosity, pleasant speech, beneficial conduct, and conduct that accords with the wishes of disciples.
bsdus 'joms|Name of one of the great hells; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-164 .
bsdus 'joms|Third of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. The guardians of the Crushing Hell repeatedly crush its inhabitants between mountains.
bsdus gzhom|Name of one of the great hells; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-164 .
bsdus gzhom|Third of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. The guardians of the Crushing Hell repeatedly crush its inhabitants between mountains.
bsdus pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
bse yab|Tamarindus indica.
bsen|Short form of the Tib. {bshes gnyen}.
bsgoms pa'i bdag nyid can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anantayaśas.
bsgoms pa'i bdag nyid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Citraraśmi (557 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsgrags pa|A great bodhisattva.
bsgribs pa med pa'i ye shes rnam par dag pa'i dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
bsgribs pa med par gzigs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
bsgribs pa thams cad rnam par 'thor ba'i ye shes kyis rnam par non pa|A bodhisattva from a buddha realm in the downward direction. Also called Sarvāvaraṇa vikiraṇa jñāna vikrānta rāja.
bsgrub bya|Person or being who is the target of a particular sādhana or ritual.
bsgrub bya|This is the object of ritual accomplishment, whatever is the focus and/or the goal of ritual activity. Also translated “one to be accomplished.”
bsgrub pa mtha' yas pa'i blo can glog gis rab tu brgyan pa'i sgra dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
bsgyings ldan bzhud|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇamālin (168 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsgyings pa chen po'i stobs|A bodhisattva.
bsgyings pa|An unvirtuous nāga king.
bshes gnyen 'phel|A great bodhisattva.
bshes gnyen bden|Son of the buddha Nala.
bshes gnyen bzang po|Father of the buddha Abhyudgataśrī.
bshes gnyen bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Prāmodyarāja.
bshes gnyen bzang po|The 880th buddha in the first list, 879th in the second list, and 870th in the third list.
bshes gnyen bzhed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padma (260 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bshes gnyen chen po|The 879th buddha in the first list, 878th in the second list, and 869th in the third list.
bshes gnyen lha|A great bodhisattva.
bshes gnyen mchog|Attendant of the buddha Satyaketu.
bshes gnyen mtha' yas stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Velāmaprabha.
bshes gnyen rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Maṅgala.
bshes gnyen sgrags pa|A buddha.
bshes gnyen snying po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amoghadarśin.
bshes gnyen|A great bodhisattva.
bshes ldan|A king of Bandhumatī in the past.
bshugs pa ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; a vidyā attendant upon Mañjuśrī; one of the great yakṣiṇīs.
bsil ba'i chu ni rgyar dpag tshad du gyur pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
bsil ba'i tshal|Name of a grove and a famous charnel ground.
bsil byed gtong|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
bsil khang|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual. Here, a covered area or overhang formed by crossbeams extending from a house rather than a harmyam mansion with several rooms and an open courtyard.
bsil reg ma|A goddess.
bsil sbyin ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
bsil zan|The garment covering the upper body. One of the three Dharma robes ({chos gos gsum}, tricīvara).
bska ba|Five kinds of astringent material produced from five kinds of plants and used as medicines.
bskal pa 'jig pa|The third period of destruction in the in the four-part cycle of creation and destruction of a world system or universe (here in The Question of Mañjuśrī it seems to be applied to an entire trichiliocosm). See also “eon.”
bskal pa bar ma|This kalpa is one cycle of the increase and decrease of the lifespan of beings. It is also called a “small kalpa.” It consists of four ages, or yugas.
bskal pa bye ba grangs med par byang chub yang dag par bsgrubs pa|The name of a buddha in the northeastern direction.
bskal pa bzang po pa'i sangs rgyas stong|The one thousand and four buddhas that will appear in the current Good Eon.
bskal pa bzang po|Name of the present eon, in which the Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas appear.
bskal pa bzang po|The present eon, which is “fortunate” because a thousand buddhas will appear in succession during this time.
bskal pa bzang po|The name of the current eon, so-called because one thousand buddhas are prophesied to appear during this time.
bskal pa bzang po|An epithet of our current eon, so-called because one thousand buddhas are prophesied to appear during this time.
bskal pa bzang po|Name of the present eon of time, during which one thousand buddhas appear in succession, Śākyamuni being the fourth and Maitreya the fifth.
bskal pa bzang po|The name of our current eon, during which one thousand buddhas are prophesied to appear. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-045-001.html#UT22084-045-001-8 .
bskal pa che ba|The name of a certain kind of kalpa. The number of years in this kalpa differs in the various sūtras that give it a number, although it is said to equal four asaṃkhyeya (“incalculable”) kalpas.
bskal pa chen po|The name of a certain kind of kalpa. The number of years in this kalpa differs in the various sūtras that give it a number, although it is said to equal four asaṃkhyeya (“incalculable”) kalpas.
bskal pa chen po|Definitions regarding the duration of one “great eon” vary, but are normally given in billions of (human) years. One great eon is divided into eighty intermediate eons, or, according to a different system, into four. Both systems of division are reconciled by grouping the eighty intermediate eons into four units of twenty.
bskal pa grangs med mthong bar sems|Father of the buddha Smṛtiprabha.
bskal pa grangs med pa nas yang dag par bsgrubs pa'i blo can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sukrama.
bskal pa mtha' yas par go cha bgos pa|A great bodhisattva.
bskal pa'i me|The fire that will destroy the universe at the end of the eon, according to Indic cosmogony.
bskal pa'i snying po|The name of an eon.
bskal pa|A unit for measuring time; of variable length from several million to billions of years.
bskal pa|An ancient unit for measuring time; of variable length from several million to billions of years.
bskal pa|The Indian concept of a period of millions of years, sometimes equivalent to the time when a world appears, exists, and disappears. There are also the intermediate kalpas during the existence of a world, the longest of which is called asamkhyeya, (literally “incalculable,” even though the number of its years is calculated).
bskal pa|According to Buddhist cosmology it designates the timespan in which an entire universe evolves and dissolves again, thus completing a cosmic cycle. For the different kinds of kalpas according to Abhidharma teachings, see AKBhhttps://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html on AK III.89d–93https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html (for English tr., see Pruden 1988–90, vol. 2, 475–81).
bskal pa|A cosmic period of time. According to the traditional Abhidharma understanding of cyclical time, a great eon (mahākalpa) is divided into eighty lesser or intermediate eons. In the course of one great eon, the external universe and its sentient life takes form and later disappears. During the first twenty of the lesser eons, the universe is in the process of creation and expansion (vivartakalpa); during the next twenty it remains created; during the third twenty it is in the process of destruction or contraction (saṃvartakalpa); and during the last quarter of the cycle it remains in a state of destruction (saṃvarta sthāyi kalpa).
bskal pa|According to the traditional Abhidharma understanding of cyclical time, a great eon (mahākalpa) is divided into eighty lesser or intervening eons. In the course of one great eon, the external universe and its sentient life takes form and later disappears. During the first twenty of the lesser eons, the universe is in the process of creation and expansion (vivartakalpa); during the next twenty it remains created; during the third twenty, it is in the process of destruction or contraction (samvartakalpa); and during the last quarter of the cycle, it remains in a state of destruction. For the different kinds of kalpas according to Abhidharma teachings, see the Abhidharma kośa bhāṣya (Toh 4090)https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html on AK III.89d–93https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html (for English translation, see Pruden 1988–90, vol. 2, 475–81). The Good Eon referenced in this text is the name Buddhists give to our current eon and generally refers to any eon in which more than one buddha appear.
bskrad pa'i las|One of five types of disciplinary acts meted out by the saṅgha.
bskrun pa'i stag|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
bskul bar bsngags pa mtha' yas|The name of a seat.
bslab pa gsum|Ethics, attention, and wisdom.
bslab pa kun las btus pa|An eighth-century work by Śāntideva.
bslab pa kun las btus pa|The “Compendium of Training,” in which Śāntideva collects and comments upon citations from the Mahāyāna sūtras. In total, 97 texts are cited, sometimes quite extensively, making this the only available source for the original Sanskrit of many sūtras.
bslab pa kun las btus pa|The “Compendium of Precepts,” in which Śāntideva collects pertinent quotes from the Mahāyāna sūtras and presents them according to a pattern suited for systematic practice. The quotations he included from the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa were the only extant remnants of the original Sanskrit of the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa until the discovery of a Sanskrit text in the Potala Palace in 2002.
bslab pa sbyin pa|A monk who has incurred a defeat but is given the opportunity to engage in rehabilitative training.
bslab pa'i gnas lnga|Five vows taken by upāsakas and upāsikās: to not kill, steal, commit sexual misconduct, lie, or take intoxicants.
bslab pa'i gzhi bcu po|In addition to the five precepts of abstaining from (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying, and (5) intoxication, the ten precepts often include (the list varies) abstaining from (6) eating after the midday meal, (7) dancing, singing, or engaging in other forms of entertainments, (8) wearing jewelry or adorning oneself with cosmetics, (9) using high or luxurious beds or seats, and (10) handling money.
bslab pa'i gzhi lnga po|Five fundamental precepts of abstaining from (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying, and (5) intoxication.
bslab pa'i gzhi lnga|Abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxication.
bslab pa'i gzhi lnga|Five fundamental precepts of abstaining from (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying, and (5) intoxication.
bslab pa'i gzhi lnga|Refers to the five fundamental precepts of abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and consuming intoxicants.
bslab pa'i gzhi lnga|Five trainings for all vehicles in general: avoiding killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and taking intoxicants (alcohol, etc.).
bslab pa'i gzhi rnams|These basic precepts are five in number for the laity: (1) not killing, (2) not stealing, (3) chastity, (4) not lying, and (5) avoiding intoxicants. For monks, there are three or five more; avoidance of such things as perfumes, makeup, ointments, garlands, high beds, and afternoon meals.
bslab pa'i gzhi rnams|(1) Not killing ({srog gcod spong ba}), (2) not stealing ({ma byin par len pa spong ba}), (3) not indulging in sexual conduct ({ma tshangs spyod spong ba}), (4) not lying ({brdzun du smra ba spong ba}), (5) not taking intoxicants ({myos 'gyur btung ba spong ba}), (6) not using cosmetics, ornaments and garlands, etc. ({spos dang kha dog byug pa spong ba}), (7) not using high and luxurious seats or beds ({khri stan che mtho spong ba}), and (8) not taking untimely food/not eating after noon ({dus min zas spong ba}).
bslab pa'i gzhi|The prātimokṣa rules for monks and nuns, ten rules for novices, six rules for female probationers, and five rules for laypeople.
bslab pa'i gzhi|In this text, the six foundations of training are listed as generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, meditative absorption, and wisdom.
bslab pa'i gzhi|Refers to the knowledge and stability that conduce to abandoning disturbing emotions or the basic precepts one pledges to uphold when going for refuge, such as refraining from killing.
bslab pa'i gzhi|A basic precept observed as the foundation for one's spiritual life. Here it refers to the five precepts of abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and using intoxicants.
bslab pa|A general term for practice of the Dharma. Sometimes translated as “training.”
bslang rnyed ma dang mchu|A yakṣiṇī.
bsngags ldan slar btang ba|A shrine built to commemorate the Buddha’s going forth.
bsngags ldan|A horse of the Bodhisattva.
bsngo ba|Transformation; in the context of a sādhana, this is the dedication of merit.
bsngo ba|Dedication of the merit at the end of a spiritual practice or virtuous action, usually for the attainment of full enlightenment by all sentient beings. In this way the actions thus dedicated contribute to the purpose of attaining enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings.
bsngo ba|The establishment of the correct motivation at the beginning of any practice or endeavor and the altruistic dedication at the end are regarded as highly significant. The most popular objects of the dedication are the flourishing of the sacred teachings of Buddhism throughout the universe and the attainment of full enlightenment by all sentient beings.
bsnyel pa med pa|Third of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
bsnyen dga' bo|Name of a nāga king.
bsnyen dga' bo|One of the main nāga kings, usually associated with the nāga king Nanda.
bsnyen gnas|As expressed in the Sanskrit and translated literally into Tibetan, the term means “to dwell near.” The term comes from the older Vedic traditions in which during full moon and new moon sacrifices, householders would practice abstinence in various forms such as fasting and refraining from sexual activity. These holy days were called upavasatha days because it was said that the gods that were the recipients of these sacrifices would “dwell” (√vas) “near” (upa) the practitioners of these sacrifices. While sacrificial practices were discarded by Buddhists, the framework of practicing fortnightly abstinence evolved into the poṣadha observance, and in fact the term poṣadha is etymologically related to the term upavasatha. See Dutt (1962), p. 73.
bsnyen par dka' ba'i blo|A bodhisattva.
bsnyen par dka'|An Indian seer.
bsnyen par grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokaprabha.
bsnyen par rdzogs pa|Someone fully ordained.
bsnyen par rdzogs pa|The formal term for granting orders and confirming a candidate as a bhikṣu or bhikṣuṇī.
bsnyen pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Krakucchanda.
bsnyen pa|In a Kriyātantra context, sevā or pūrvasevā refers to the formal preliminary rites and behavioral observances that a practitioner follows for a prescribed period of time before being permitted to engage in the main rite.
bsnyengs bral|The 135th buddha in the first list, 135th in the second list, and 135th in the third list.
bsnyengs dang bral|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sujāta (224 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsnyengs med 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Trailokyapūjya (789 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsnyengs med dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnacandra (271 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsnyengs med nga ro|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ūrṇāvat (279 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsnyengs med|The 441st buddha in the first list, 440th in the second list, and 434th in the third list.
bsnyengs pa dang ni bral ba|The 737th buddha in the first list, 736th in the second list, and 726th in the third list.
bsnyengs pa med|The 420th buddha in the first list, 419th in the second list, and 413th in the third list.
bsod nams 'byor ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānākara.
bsod nams 'byor ldan|Attendant of the buddha Anantayaśas.
bsod nams 'byor pa'i tog|Father of the buddha Kṣatriya.
bsod nams 'byor|Father of the buddha Padmapārśva.
bsod nams 'byung gnas|Son of the buddha Suyajña.
bsod nams 'byung gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Puruṣadatta.
bsod nams 'byung gnas|Father of the buddha Puṇya pradīpa rāja.
bsod nams 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sugaṇin.
bsod nams 'byung gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaṇiprabhāsa (397 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams 'dod|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
bsod nams 'dod|Attendant of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
bsod nams 'dod|Son of the buddha Vibhakta jñā svara.
bsod nams 'dod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Abhyudgata.
bsod nams 'gros|Mother of the buddha Kṣatriya.
bsod nams 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyamati.
bsod nams 'khor|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaruta.
bsod nams 'od 'phro|A prince who appears in the Jātakas.
bsod nams 'od gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Amitalocana.
bsod nams 'od zer|A bodhisattva.
bsod nams 'od zer|An ancient king.
bsod nams 'od zer|Son of the buddha Balasena.
bsod nams 'od zer|Mother of the buddha Puṇyābha.
bsod nams 'od zer|The 602nd buddha in the first list, 601st in the second list, and 595th in the third list.
bsod nams 'od|Mother of the buddha Praśāntagātra.
bsod nams 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Vimalarāja.
bsod nams 'od|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
bsod nams 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arthasiddhi.
bsod nams 'od|The 472nd buddha in the first list, 471st in the second list, and 465th in the third list.
bsod nams 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Hitaiṣin (111 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams 'phags|A god.
bsod nams 'phags|A king.
bsod nams 'phags|An ancient king.
bsod nams 'phags|Father of the buddha Śuddhasāgara.
bsod nams 'phags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇagarbha (367 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams 'phel ba|In the Sarvāstivada tradition, the second highest of the three paradises that correspond to the fourth dhyāna in the form realm.
bsod nams 'phel|Mother of the buddha Ratnacūḍa.
bsod nams 'phel|Eleventh god realm of form, meaning “increasing merit.”
bsod nams bgyi ba'i dngos po|Lit. “merit work entity.” The meaning of this term is made clear in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-108 , when the value of a bodhisattva practicing the perfection of wisdom is compared with other meritorious acts; cf. Mppś 2248, Mppś English p. 1858.
bsod nams bkod pa|Father of the buddha Laḍitavyūha.
bsod nams bkod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vajradhvaja (110 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams bla ma|The name of a thus-gone one in the future.
bsod nams blo gros|A prince in the distant past.
bsod nams blo gros|Attendant of the buddha Añjana.
bsod nams blo gros|Mother of the buddha Śāntimati.
bsod nams blo gros|The 951st buddha in the first list, 950th in the second list, and 941st in the third list.
bsod nams brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyatejas.
bsod nams brgya|A buddha.
bsod nams brtsegs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmakūṭa (625 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams brtsegs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kāśyapa.
bsod nams bsags|Birthplace of the buddha Asaṅgakośa.
bsod nams bshes gnyen|Mother of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
bsod nams bya ba'i dngos po|Lit. “merit work entity.” The meaning of this term is made clear in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-108 , when the value of a bodhisattva practicing the perfection of wisdom is compared with other meritorious acts; cf. Mppś 2248, Mppś English p. 1858.
bsod nams byin|Mother of the buddha Jñānavara.
bsod nams bzang po|Son of the buddha Dṛḍhadharma.
bsod nams bzang po|Father of the buddha Sucintitārtha.
bsod nams bzang|Father of the buddha Surabhigandha.
bsod nams bzhed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśāntagāmin (871 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams can|Son of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
bsod nams can|Mother of the buddha Adbhutayaśas.
bsod nams chen po|Son of the buddha Adbhutayaśas.
bsod nams dag gis bsgrubs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Pūjya.
bsod nams dag gis rnam par brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmadeva.
bsod nams dag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānavara.
bsod nams dang ye shes kyi tshogs dpag tu med pas brtan pas bsags pa|A bodhisattva mahāsattva present in the Buddha’s assembly. His name means, “Abundant with the Support of the Immeasurable Accumulations of Merit and Wisdom.”
bsod nams dang ye shes kyi tshogs|The two great stores to be accumulated by bodhisattvas: the store of merit, arising from their practice of the first three transcendences, and the store of wisdom, arising from their practice of the last two transcendences. All deeds of bodhisattvas contribute to their accumulation of these two stores, which ultimately culminate in the two bodies of the Buddha, the body of form and the ultimate body.
bsod nams dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Sujāta.
bsod nams dga'|Father of the buddha Adbhutayaśas.
bsod nams dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
bsod nams dgyes|The 917th buddha in the first list, 916th in the second list, and 907th in the third list.
bsod nams dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇavisṛta (373 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams dpal byung|A householder.
bsod nams dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
bsod nams dpal gyi snying po|A householder in this sūtra.
bsod nams dpal|A householder in this sūtra.
bsod nams dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
bsod nams dpal|Father of the buddha Kusumarāṣṭra.
bsod nams dpal|Birthplace of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
bsod nams dpal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pradyota.
bsod nams dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śanairgāmin (447 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams glang po|The 537th buddha in the first list, 537th in the second list, and 530th in the third list.
bsod nams grags pa|Mother of the buddha Ṛddhiketu.
bsod nams gsal|Son of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
bsod nams gzi brjid bzang|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
bsod nams gzi brjid gzugs brnyan gzi byin sems|Son of the buddha Vidvat.
bsod nams gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Maṇivyūha.
bsod nams gzi brjid|Father of the buddha Puṇyābha.
bsod nams gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
bsod nams gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anantayaśas.
bsod nams gzi|The 525th buddha in the first list, 525th in the second list, and 518th in the third list.
bsod nams kha lo sgyur|Father of the buddha Varabodhigati.
bsod nams khyim lag rkyal|A captain.
bsod nams kyi 'byung gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Mālādhārin.
bsod nams kyi 'od zer|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths. The son of king Arciṣmān.
bsod nams kyi 'od|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
bsod nams kyi phung po tog gi rgyal mtshan|Attendant of the buddha Ojastejas.
bsod nams kyi phung po'i stegs|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyabala.
bsod nams kyi stobs|The name means “Power of Merit”; he is a leading character in a number of the Buddha’s past life stories. In The Account of the Noble Deeds of Puṇyabala, the Buddha tells of his past life as Prince Puṇyabala, whose compassionate acts of generosity demonstrated that merit is the most prized possession of human beings.
bsod nams kyi tog|A bodhisattva.
bsod nams kyi tshogs kyi gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Mayūraruta.
bsod nams kyi tshogs|The progressive increase of virtuous karma. One of the two factors that come together in creating momentum toward a practitioner’s spiritual awakening, the other being the accumulation of wisdom.
bsod nams kyi zhing|Factors (such as Buddha, Dharma, Saṅgha, one’s parents, the sick, and the poor) which when treated with due care serve to engender merit.
bsod nams la dad pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dhyānarata.
bsod nams lag|Son of the buddha Laḍitavyūha.
bsod nams lag|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vibhaktatejas.
bsod nams lag|The 618th buddha in the first list, 617th in the second list, and 610th in the third list.
bsod nams ldan|Mother of the buddha Dharmākara.
bsod nams ldan|Mother of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
bsod nams ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Pramodyakīrti.
bsod nams legs nges|Son of the buddha Ṛddhiketu.
bsod nams legs par bsags|Birthplace of the buddha Sthita vega jñāna.
bsod nams legs par bsgoms|Birthplace of the buddha Lokāntara.
bsod nams ma yin par nye bar 'gro ba|Of formations and modes of consciousness that lead to rebirth in the three lower realms of animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings.
bsod nams mchod 'os|Attendant of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
bsod nams mchog|Mother of the buddha Cīrṇaprabha.
bsod nams mchog|Lit. “Supreme Merit.” A prince, son of King Vīradatta and Queen Precious.
bsod nams mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Cīrṇaprabha.
bsod nams me tog|Son of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
bsod nams me tog|A king who heard the teaching given by the buddha Infinite Diligence.
bsod nams mi dman pa|Attendant of the buddha Adbhutayaśas.
bsod nams mi zad pa|A universal monarch.
bsod nams mnyam|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
bsod nams mtha' yas 'od|Father of the buddha Mayūraruta.
bsod nams mthong|Attendant of the buddha Kalyāṇacūḍa.
bsod nams mthu rtsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇagupta (411 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams mu stegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vikrama (519 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams nga ro|Mother of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
bsod nams phung po'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
bsod nams phung po|Father of the buddha Arciṣmat.
bsod nams phung po|Mother of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
bsod nams phung po|Birthplace of the buddha Ketuprabha.
bsod nams phung po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nala.
bsod nams phung po|The 569th buddha in the first list, 569th in the second list, and 562nd in the third list.
bsod nams rab gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Sucintitārtha.
bsod nams rab tu gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Acala.
bsod nams rab tu snang dpal zhi ba'i dpal|The sixty-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS in verse: Puṇya prabhāsa śiri śānta śirī.
bsod nams rgya chen|A king.
bsod nams rgya chen|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Surūpa.
bsod nams rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Indradhvaja.
bsod nams rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
bsod nams rgyal mtshan|The 779th buddha in the first list, 778th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
bsod nams rgyal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Campaka.
bsod nams ri bo'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
bsod nams ri rab 'phags|A bodhisattva.
bsod nams ri rab|A buddha in the distant past.
bsod nams rin chen ma|Mother of the buddha Śreṣṭha.
bsod nams rnam 'phrul|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnatejas.
bsod nams rnam par brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Sudhana.
bsod nams rnam par snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Ṛddhiketu.
bsod nams sgra sgrogs|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍha.
bsod nams sgron ma phun sum tshogs pa kun nas dpal gyi 'od|A bodhi-tree goddess, a past life of Praśanta ruta sāgara vatī.
bsod nams sgron ma phun sum tshogs pa kun nas dpal gyi 'od|A bodhimaṇḍa goddess in a world in the eastern direction in a past kalpa, a previous life of the night goddess Praśanta ruta sāgara vatī.
bsod nams sgron ma'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past.
bsod nams sgron ma'i rgyal po|The 848th buddha in the first list, 847th in the second list, and 837th in the third list.
bsod nams sgron ma|Birthplace of the buddha Pradīpa.
bsod nams sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Svaracodaka.
bsod nams sgron ma|The 988th buddha in the first list, 987th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
bsod nams sgron|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthitabuddhi.
bsod nams sgron|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tiṣya (27 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams shin tu rtsal dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Vikrāntagamin.
bsod nams skyes|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
bsod nams skyes|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, second of three levels of the fourth dhyāna realm.
bsod nams skyes|One of the levels in the highest heaven of the realm of form; also the name of the gods living there.
bsod nams skyes|Eleventh god realm of the form realm, meaning “Increasing Merit,” it is the second of the three heavens that make up the fourth dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
bsod nams skyes|The eleventh of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the third or, according to the Mvy, fourth meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-271 .
bsod nams skyes|Lit. “Merit Born.” The eleventh of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍‍, or Śuddhāvāsa, it is listed as the second of the three heavens that correspond to the fourth of the four concentrations.
bsod nams sna tshogs kyi sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
bsod nams snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyapriya.
bsod nams snang|Birthplace of the buddha Padmaskandha.
bsod nams snying po|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnakīrti.
bsod nams snying po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhavāntadarśin (268 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams spos ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Mahādatta.
bsod nams spos|Birthplace of the buddha Gandhahastin.
bsod nams stegs bzang|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaketu (179 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bsod nams stegs|Father of the buddha Satyaketu.
bsod nams stobs|Son of the buddha Puṇyaraśmi.
bsod nams stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sucintitārtha.
bsod nams stobs|The 753rd buddha in the first list, 752nd in the second list, and 742nd in the third list.
bsod nams su nye bar 'gro ba|Of formations and modes of consciousness that lead to rebirth in pleasant states within the desire realm.
bsod nams tog gi rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmabala.
bsod nams tog|Father of the buddha Ketudhvaja.
bsod nams tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Śaśivaktra.
bsod nams yang dag 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Lokottara.
bsod nams yang dag 'phags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pūrṇamati.
bsod nams zla ba|Mother of the buddha Puṇyabala.
bsod nams|Positive activity that is conducive to happiness and freedom from suffering; the resulting spiritual momentum that enables one to progress on the path.
bsod nams|The one-time capital city of Gauḍa, corresponding to the modern Mahasthan in Bangladesh. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-088-038.html#UT22084-088-038-7156 .
bsod nams|Virtuous thoughts, words, and actions that produce positive results, or merit. In Mahāyāna practice, these are to be dedicated for the benefit of all sentient beings. Also rendered here as “meritorious deeds.”
bsod nams|Wholesome tendencies imprinted in the mind as a result of positive and skillful thoughts, words, and actions that ripen in the experience of happiness and well-being. According to the Mahāyāna, it is important to dedicate the merit of one’s wholesome actions to the benefit of all sentient beings, ensuring that others also experience the results generated by the positive actions.
bsod nams|Merit refers to the wholesome tendencies imprinted in the mind as a result of positive and skillful thoughts, words, and actions that ripen in the experience of happiness and well-being. According to the Greater Vehicle, it is important to dedicate the merit of one’s wholesome actions to the benefit of all sentient beings, ensuring that others also experience the results of the positive actions generated.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2078 ).
bsod nams|In this text, merit is established as the most prized possession of human beings, more than good looks, diligence, artistry, and insight. In Buddhism more generally, merit refers to the wholesome tendencies imprinted in the mind as a result of positive and skillful thoughts, words, and actions that ripen in the experience of happiness and well-being. According to the Mahāyāna, it is important to dedicate the merit of one’s wholesome actions to the benefit of all sentient beings, ensuring that others also experience the results of the positive actions generated.
bsod skyabs|The third buddha in the present Bhadra kalpa who preceded Śākyamuni. Also called Mahākāśyapa. The common translation, including in the Mahāvyutpatti, is {'od srung}.
bsod snyoms len|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bsod snyoms pa|A spiritual practitioner living from alms as described in the Vinaya.
bsod snyoms spyod pa|One who engages in asceticism.
bsod snyoms|Another name of Piṇḍola bharadvāja, a disciple of the Buddha.
bsod snyoms|The sharing of merit as food, drink, etc. is offered to members of the saṅgha.
bsod snyoms|An acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
bsod snyoms|To receive food that is offered in a bowl to mendicants in order to accumulate merit. The Tibetan term can be literally understood as “merit equalizing.”
bson nams 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; a bodhisattva (possibly a short version of the name Svabhāva puṇyābha).
bsrabs pa'i sa|Lit. “Refinement level.” The fifth of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
bstan bcos|Commentarial texts on the Buddha’s teachings composed by subsequent Buddhist masters.
bstan bcos|May refer to a specific genre or style of scholastic Sanskritic literature, or simply to scholastic literature in general; in Buddhist traditions the term śāstra usually signifies a text that was composed by a human author, as opposed to texts first spoken, composed, or revealed by an enlightened being. Also translated here as “philosophical texts.”
bstan pa 'di nub pa|Many sūtras express concern over the decline of the Dharma, among them the sūtra translated here. For a sustained study of this theme, see Jan Nattier’s (1991) Once Upon a Future Time.
bstan pa tshe ring|(1678–1738). King of Degé.
bstan pa'i snying po|A buddha.
bstir med pa chen po|The lowest of all hell realms.
bstir med|The lowest hell, translated in two different ways within the sūtra and in the Mahāvyutpatti concordance, although {mnar med} became the standard form.
bstod 'os|A self-awakened one in the future.
bstod pa'i 'od|Father of the buddha Prasanna.
bstod pa|Hymn of praise.
btags pa'i tshig|Mahāvyutpatti 6558.
btang brjod|A merchant, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 8.
btang bzang|Nāga king, particularly known for sheltering the Buddha from a storm in Bodhgaya.
btang bzung bden pa'i dri|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
btang bzung chen po|Name of a mountain.
btang bzung chen po|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
btang bzung chen po|Name of a god who personifies a mountain of this name.
btang bzung chen po|One of ten “kings of mountains” according to Abdhidharma cosomology.
btang bzung chen po|An unidentified mountain mentioned in a number of sūtras, not apparently connected to the well known nāga of that name (who is also known as Mucilinda), but perhaps to the sacred mucilinda tree, known in English mainly as the bayur tree.
btang bzung|Name of a mountain.
btang bzung|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
btang bzung|Name of a god who personifies a mountain of this name.
btang bzung|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
btang bzung|An unidentified mountain mentioned in a number of sūtras, not apparently connected to the well-known nāga of that name, but perhaps to the sacred mucilinda tree, known in English mainly as the bayur tree.
btang snyoms pa|One of the kinnara kings.
btang snyoms pa|One of the four immeasurables and the seven limbs of awakening.
btang snyoms yang dag byang chub kyi yan lag|Seventh of the seven branches of enlightenment.
btang snyoms|One of the four immeasurables and the seven limbs of awakening.
btang snyoms|One of the factors of awakening and one of the abodes of Brahmā, the other being: loving kindness or love, joy, and compassion.
btang snyoms|An unbiased attitude of equal regard for all sentient beings without discriminating between enemies, friends, or neutral people (Rigzin 147).
btang snyoms|An even state of mind characterized by the lack of disturbance and pleasure, where one wishes neither to be separated from nor to approach the object.
btang snyoms|The fourth of the four immeasurables, an unbiased attitude of equal regard for all sentient beings without discriminating between enemies, friends, or neutral people.
btang snyoms|The antidote to attachment and aversion; a mental state free from bias toward sentient beings and experiences. One of the thirty-seven dharmas on the side of awakening, one of the four practices of spiritual practitioners, and one of the four immeasurables (the others being loving-kindness or love, compassion, and sympathetic joy).
btsongs pa|Someone obtained through sale.
btsun mo gzugs can|The queen, wife of King Mahāpadma and mother of Bimbisāra.
btsun mo|The pair of the deity or practitioner in sexual yoga. See “consort (female)” and “consort (male).”
btsun mo|[The pair of the deity or practitioner in sexual yoga. See “consort (female)” and “consort (male).”]
btsun mo|In Tibetan, {btsun mo} is an honorific term for a woman of rank, also understood to mean lady, queen, or consort.
btsun mo|[The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. Here, the term “consort” has been used to render slighty different concepts or views of the female consort, most important of them are: mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā.\nMudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies, (also rendered here as “wisdom consort.”]
btsun mo|The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. In this translation the term “consort” has been used to render different terms with slighty different concepts of the female consort, the most important being mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā. Mudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies (see also “wisdom consort”).
btsun pa bcom ldan 'das|Epithet of Buddha Śākyamuni.\nSee “Lord” or “Blessed One,” and also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-121 .
btsun pa|An epithet for a monastic.
btsun pa|An honorific term for an ordained person.
btsun pa|A term of respect used for Buddhist monks, akin to the modern address, bhante.
btsun pa|This name seems to refer to the founder of the Śuṅga dynasty, Puṣyamitra Śuṅga.
btsun pa|This term is often used an honorific for an ordained person, but here it is used as an adjective describing one’s speech.
btsun pa|One of the standard epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni, and also a term of respect used for Buddhist monks, akin to the modern address, bhante.
btung 'dzin|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
btung ba dga' ba|A forest in Continuous Movement.
btung ba'i nags|A forest in Moving in Mixed Environments.
bu chen po|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
bu ga'i sgo rnams yongs su ma nyams pa|Fifty-fourth of the eighty minor marks.
bu mangs mchod rten|A shrine near Vaiśālī.
bu mangs|One of the eight great yakṣīs.
bu mo bzang mo|A woman who was Mahā maudgalyāyana’s mother in her previous life and was reborn in Marīcika World. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-725 .
bu mo'i shing gis bskor ba|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
bu mo|Virgo (zodiac sign and constellation).
bu mo|Sixty-ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
bu ram gyi dbu ba|Thickened sugarcane juice.
bu ram gyi dbu ba|An acceptable form of medicine for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
bu ram shing pa|Śākyamuni’s family line.
bu ram shing skyes|A king who was an ancestor of the Śākyans.
bu ram shing|This is a family lineage that many royal families claimed adherence to. It is the name of an early royal dynasty in India, which is said to be a solar dynasty. Though there are many versions of how the dynasty received its name, they all relate it to the sugar cane (ikṣu). In Buddhism he was said to have been miraculously born from the rishi Gautama’s semen and blood when it was heated by the sun, and subsequently hid among sugar cane. Buddha Śākyamuni was also considered to be in this family line.
bu ram|Thickened sugarcane juice, which is the same as phāṇita.
bu ston rin chen grub|The famous compiler of the Kangyur (1290–1364).
bu ston rin po che|Butön Rinchen Drup ({bu ston rin chen grub}, 1290−364). A master of the Sakya school, he was an influential scholar, historian, and compiler and cataloger of the canon.
bu ston|Butön Rinchen Drup ({bu ston rin chen grub}, 1290–1364), a great scholar at the monastery of Zhalu ({zha lu}) whose compiling of lists of translated works contributed to the emergence of the Kangyur and Tengyur collections.
bud dha pra bha|One of the Indian preceptors who assisted in translating this text.
bud med 'gyur ba'i go cha bgos pa|A great bodhisattva.
bud med 'gyur ba|A female bodhisattva.
bud med 'gyur|A great bodhisattva.
bud med dga' ba|A forest at Sudharma.
bud med kyi snying du sdug pa|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bud med kyis dub pa|A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
bud med la sred pa|A class of vidyādharas.
bud med rin po che|In Buddhist literature, one of the seven emblems of a universal monarch.
bud med rin po che|One of the seven treasures of the cakravartin king. Here the term is translated literally, but elsewhere she is referred to as {btsun mo rin po che}, “the precious queen.” See also Toh 95, The Play in Full, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-101. See also Toh 4087, the Kāraṇa prajñapti, folio 122.a.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4087.html
bud med sdug|A lotus pool in Lateral.
bud med sems 'phrog|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bud med|Also called Mātarā and Mātṛkā. Normally seven or eight in number, these goddesses are considered dangerous, but have a more positive role in the tantra tradition.
bud rgyal gdong|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bum chu can|One of the kings of the nāgas.
bum pa bzang po|This likely refers to the vase of inexhaustible treasures known from Indian mythology, which provides beings with copious wealth and sustenance.
bum pa can|Inhalation (one of the four stages during a single breath).
bum pa ma lus|Another name of the king Budha.
bum pa'i bang rim|One of the eight great nāgas.
bum pa|A brother of Rāvaṇa.
bum pa|Eighth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
bum pa|One of the kings of rākṣasas; Aquarius (the zodiac sign and the constellation); a south Indian king contemporary with Mahendra.
bum rna|Name of a yakṣa general.
bum rna|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
bung ba ltar 'khyil pa|A class of asuras.
bung ba ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
bung ba mngon dga'|A grove in Lateral.
bung ba rdo rje lta bus gnod pa'i go cha|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
bung ba rkang drug rjes su rgyu ba|A lotus pool on the banks of Flow of Beauty.
bung ba rtag myos|A park in Sustained by Fruition.
bung ba'i bu ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the great piśācīs.
bung ba'i sgra snyan|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
bung bas khyab pa|A pond on Equal Peaks.
bung ba|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
bur ma sel ba'i blo gros|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya 'dzam pa skad 'byin|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment. This hell is the same as the Sound of Water.
bya 'jigs 'jigs ltar 'dug pa|A place in Ultimate Torment.
bya ba byas pa'i sa|Name of the seventh level of realization attainable by bodhisattvas. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1282 .
bya ba byed pa|Lit. “does what needs to be done.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
bya ba grub pa'i ye shes|One of the five wisdoms corresponding to the tathāgata Amoghasiddhi.
bya ba med pa|A city in Godānīya.
bya ba med pa|Inaction here implies the mistaken view that, owing to emptiness, engagement in virtous acts is to be avoided.
bya ba shes pa mngon sum du bya ba shes pa'i mngon par shes pa|First of the six extrasensory powers.
bya ba'i mi rigs par lta ba|Literally “the view or theory of nonaction,” which defines a view that is ascribed to the teacher Pūraṇa Kassapa in the Sāmaññaphalasutta (DN I,53), who propounded that actions, whether good or evil, have no consequences whatsoever or, more precisely, that one’s soul or true self (and thus salvation or liberation) remains ever unaffected by good or bad actions.
bya ba'i rgyud|A class of tantric scripture that generally features elaborate rites directed toward both mundane goals‍—such as health, prosperity, and protection‍—and to the ultimate goal of liberation. In this class of tantra, the practitioners do not identify themselves with the deity as in other classes of tantra, but rather seek their power, assistance, and intervention in pursuit of their goals. The Mañjuśrī mūla kalpa and Amoghapāśa kalpa rāja exemplify this class of tantra.
bya bi bzhin|One of the grahas.
bya brgya phrag gis kun tu gang ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
bya chen po|One of the garuḍa kings.
bya dag shing ljon pas brgyan pa|A forest in Engaging in Clarification.
bya ka la da ka'i gnas|Literally, “The Squirrel Feeding Ground.” A location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed. The place received its name from the many squirrels living there, being fed by humans. It should be noted that Tibetan translations misunderstand the Sanskrit term kalandaka to be a kind of bird (Tib. {bya}).
bya ka la ping ka|A mythical bird with the most beautiful call.
bya ka lan da ka gnas pa|Literally, the Squirrel Feeding Ground. A location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed. The place received its name from the many squirrels living there, being fed by humans. It should be noted that Tibetan translations misunderstand the Sanskrit term kalandaka to be a kind of bird (Tib. {bya}).https://read.84000.co/knowledgebase/venuvana-kalandakanivapa.html
bya ka lan da ka gnas pa|A park outside Rājagṛha where the Buddha often resided, within the Bamboo Grove (Veṇuvana). The Tibetan rendering {bya ka lan da ka} makes it clear that the Tibetans considered the kalandaka to be a kind of bird, while Sanskrit and Pali sources generally agree that it is a kind of squirrel. It is therefore likely that this word refers to the Indian flying squirrel, Petaurista philippensis.
bya ka lan da ka gnas pa|A certain place in Bamboo Gove (Veṇuvana) in Rājagṛha, the Sanskrit name meaning “dwelling place of squirrels;” it was so named by King Bimbisāra after being saved from attack by a snake there thanks to the squawking of many kalandaka—flying squirrels, Sanskrit and Pali sources suggest, but crows or other birds according to the Tibetan rendering. It is also sometimes called Kalandakanivāpa, “place where squirrels are fed.”
bya ka lan da ka gnas pa|Literally, “the dwelling place of kalandaka (birds).” A location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed. The place was given its name by King Bimbisāra after he had been saved from a snake attack there by the squawking of many kalandaka—flying squirrels, Sanskrit and Pali sources suggest, but Tibetan translations understand the Sanskrit term to refer to a kind of bird. The alternative Sanskrit Kalandakanivāpa means “where food-offerings are made to kalandakas.”
bya ka lan da ka gnas pa|A place or vihāra within the Veṇuvana (Bamboo Grove) near Rājagṛha, named because it was where birds or animals called kalandaka lived or were fed. These kalandaka had once saved King Bimbisāra from a venomous snake, and it was on his orders that they were maintained and fed at the site to express his gratitude. The Tibetan rendering {bya ka lan da ka} makes it clear that the Tibetans considered the kalandaka to be a kind of bird ({bya}), perhaps a kind of crow, while from Sanskrit and Pali sources it seems more likely to mean a squirrel. It is therefore possible that this word refers to the Indian flying squirrel, Petaurista philippensis.
bya ka lan da ka gnas pa|A woodland within the Bamboo Grove; in the Pali tradition the compound is usually interpreted as “squirrels’ feeding place,” but according to Tibetan sources kalandaka refers to a kind of bird.\nThe exact referent of the word kalandaka is contested, and its etymology is unclear (see Mayrhofer 1956, s.v.). While in the Pali Buddhist tradition the word is generally believed to refer to a kind of squirrel (see Dhammika 2015, 61 and 110), the Tibetan tradition understood {ka lan da ka} to be a species of bird that nested in the Bamboo Grove. In the Pali tradition, kalandakanivāpa is the name of a locality in or near the Veṇuvana, the Bamboo Grove north of the ancient town of Rājagṛha, in which a certain king had placed food (nivāpa) for the squirrels. According to legend, a tree spirit in the form of a squirrel had warned the intoxicated, sleeping, and unattended king that a venomous snake was approaching to bite him. Out of gratitude, the king ordered that the squirrels be fed regularly. According to Tibetan sources, King Bimbisāra of Magadha confiscated the park that was later to become the Bamboo Grove from a local landowner. The landowner, angry about the expropriation, took rebirth as a venomous snake in that park. One day, when Bimbisāra and his attendants had fallen asleep after a picnic in the park, the snake approached to bite the king. Some kalandaka birds, however, saw the snake and seized it. Their cries awoke one of the king’s wives, who then killed the snake, thus saving the king’s life. As a sign of his gratitude, Bimbisāra planted bamboo that the birds especially liked (cf. Rockhill 1884, 43–44, for a translation of the Kangyur passage relating this story). According to some Chinese sources kalandaka is the name of the person who donated the Bamboo Grove to the Buddha (for references, see Vinītā 2010, 415 and 417, footnote b). We have followed the Tibetan interpretation in our translation.
bya ka lan da ka gnas|Literally, “The Squirrel Feeding Ground.” A location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed. The place received its name from the flying squirrels who were fed there by royal order. It should be noted that Tibetan translations understand the Sanskrit term kalandaka to be a kind of bird (Tib. {bya}).
bya ka lan da ka gnas|Literally, “The Squirrel Feeding Ground.” A location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed. The place was given its name by King Bimbisāra after being saved from being attacked by a snake there by the squawking of many kalandaka—flying squirrels, Sanskrit and Pali sources suggest, but crows or other birds according to the Tibetan rendering.
bya ka lan da ka'i gnas pa|Literally, “The Squirrel Feeding Ground.” A location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed. The place received its name from the many squirrels living there, being fed by humans. It should be noted that Tibetan translations misunderstand the Sanskrit term kalandaka to be a kind of bird (Tib. {bya}).
bya ka lan ta ka gnas pa|A woodland within the Bamboo Grove; in the Pali tradition the compound is usually interpreted as “squirrels’ feeding place,” but according to Tibetan sources kalandaka refers to a kind of bird.\nThe exact referent of the word kalandaka is contested, and its etymology is unclear (see Mayrhofer 1956, s.v.). While in the Pali Buddhist tradition the word is generally believed to refer to a kind of squirrel (see Dhammika 2015, 61 and 110), the Tibetan tradition understood {ka lan da ka} to be a species of bird that nested in the Bamboo Grove. In the Pali tradition, kalandakanivāpa is the name of a locality in or near the Veṇuvana, the Bamboo Grove north of the ancient town of Rājagṛha, in which a certain king had placed food (nivāpa) for the squirrels. According to legend, a tree spirit in the form of a squirrel had warned the intoxicated, sleeping, and unattended king that a venomous snake was approaching to bite him. Out of gratitude, the king ordered that the squirrels be fed regularly. According to Tibetan sources, King Bimbisāra of Magadha confiscated the park that was later to become the Bamboo Grove from a local landowner. The landowner, angry about the expropriation, took rebirth as a venomous snake in that park. One day, when Bimbisāra and his attendants had fallen asleep after a picnic in the park, the snake approached to bite the king. Some kalandaka birds, however, saw the snake and seized it. Their cries awoke one of the king’s wives, who then killed the snake, thus saving the king’s life. As a sign of his gratitude, Bimbisāra planted bamboo that the birds especially liked (cf. Rockhill 1884, 43–44, for a translation of the Kangyur passage relating this story). According to some Chinese sources kalandaka is the name of the person who donated the Bamboo Grove to the Buddha (for references, see Vinītā 2010, 415 and 417, footnote b). We have followed the Tibetan interpretation in our translation.
bya ka lan ta ka|Literally, “The Squirrel Feeding Ground,” a location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed, receiving its name from the many squirrels living there, being fed by humans. It should be noted that Tibetan translations misunderstand the Sanskrit term kalandaka to be a kind of bird (Tib. {bya}).
bya ka lan ta ka|Literally, “The kalandaka Feeding Ground,” a location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha stayed; it received its name from the many kalandaka that lived or were fed there. The Tibetan rendering {bya ka lan da ka} makes it clear that the Tibetans considered the kalandaka to be a kind of bird, while Sanskrit and Pali sources generally agree that it is a kind of squirrel—perhaps therefore the Indian flying squirrel, Petaurista philippensis.
bya ma chen mo|One of the great mātṛs.
bya mchu can|A preta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya mgrin|An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya nges par gnas pa|A forest on Saṅkāśa.
bya rgod dang nye ba|A mountain in the Crushing Hell
bya rgod kyi 'jigs pa|A realm that neigbors the Black Line Hell.
bya rgod kyi phung po ri|The mountain where many Great Vehicle teachings were delivered by Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya rgod kyi phung po'i ri|A mountain near the city of Rājagṛha where many Mahāyāna teachings were delivered by the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya rgod kyi phung po'i ri|The mountain, near to the city of Rājagṛha, where many Great Vehicle teachings were delivered by the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya rgod kyi phung po'i ri|A hill located outside of Rājagṛha where Śākyamuni and others are said to have taught many of the Mahāyāna sūtras, most notably the Prājñā pāramitā sūtras.
bya rgod kyi phung po'i ri|A craggy hill, situated in the vicinity of Rājagṛha, where the Buddha expounded many sūtras, notably the Prajñāpāramitā. It continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists to this day.
bya rgod kyi phung po'i ri|Name of a peak just outside of the city of Rājagṛha and the site where a great number of sūtras are said to have been taught, particularly in the Mahāyāna textual tradition of the Prajñāpāramitā-sūtras.
bya rgod kyi phung po'i ri|A hill located in modern-day Bihar, India, and in the vicinity of the ancient city of Rājagṛha (modern Rajgir). A location where many sūtras were taught, especially Great Vehicle sūtras, and which continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists to this day.
bya rgod kyi phung po|A mountain in Magadha where the Buddha preached many times.
bya rgod kyi phung po|The mountain where many Mahāyāna teachings were delivered by Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya rgod kyi phung po|A mountain near Rājagṛha (modern Rajgir) where many Great Vehicle teachings were delivered by the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya rgod kyi phung po|Name of a mountain close to Rājgṛha. It is famous as the place where the Buddha is said to have taught the Prajñāpāramitā and other teachings.
bya rgod phung po'i ri|A peak outside Rājagṛha where the Buddha is said to have delivered many teachings.
bya rgod phung po'i ri|The mountain where many Great Vehicle teachings were delivered by the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya rgod phung po'i ri|A mountain near Rājagṛha (modern Rajgir) where the Buddha delivered some of his sermons.
bya rgod phung po'i ri|Name of a mountain close to Rājagṛha. It is famous as the place where the Buddha is said to have taught the Prajñāpāramitā and other teachings.
bya rgod phung po'i ri|A mountain situated in the vicinity of Rājagṛha where the Prajnāpāramitā sūtras were taught and which continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists to this day.
bya rgod phung po'i ri|A hill located in modern-day Bihar, India, and in the vicinity of the ancient city of Rājagṛha (modern Rajgir). A location where many sūtras were taught, and which continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists to this day.
bya rgyod kyi phung po'i ri|The mountain near Rājagṛha where many Mahāyāna teachings were delivered by the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bya rgyud|The first class of tantra in most systems of tantra classification (the other classes being, in the fivefold classification, Caryātantra, Yogatantra, Yogottaratantra, and Yoganiruttaratantra).
bya rnam par dga' ba|(1) A forest in Continuous Movement ({bya rnam par dga' ba}). (2) A pond in Continuous Movement ({bya mngon par dga' ba}).
bya rog kha|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
bya rog lto|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment. Also called Black Belly.
bya skyibs su byas pa|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
bya sreg|Different kinds of partridge: swamp partridge (Skt. tittiri), grey partridge (Skt. kapiñjala), Greek partridge (Skt. jīva).
bya'i sgra mngon par dga' ba|A part of the Forest of Joy.
byad stems|A generally malevolent class of semi-divine being.
byad stem|Harmful sorcery, or a class of being prone to perpetrating it. (See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-090-002.html#UT22084-090-002-753 ).
byad|A class of evil spirits associated with poison.
byad|A kind of evil spirit, often associated with vetālas.
byad|A class of spirit beings typically associated with violent sorcery rites.
byad|Harmful sorcery, or a class of being prone to perpetrating it. (See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-090-002.html#UT22084-090-002-753 ).
byams dga'|Attendant of the buddha Maṇicaraṇa.
byams gang gi bu|One of the ten principal students of the Buddha, he was the greatest in his ability to teach the Dharma. The name has not been translated correctly in this instance; in the translations of other sūtras it is {byams ma'i bu gang po}.
byams gnas|Father of the buddha Akṣobhya.
byams la gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaketu.
byams ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Prahāṇakhila.
byams ldan|One of the muhūrtas.
byams ldan|Son of the buddha Dharaṇīdhara.
byams legs|Father of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
byams ma'i bu gang po|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
byams ma'i bu gang po|Main interlocutor of the buddha in the Questions of Pūrṇa sūtra.
byams ma'i bu gang po|Name of an elder and senior disciple of Buddha Śākyamuni. Also called Pūrṇa.
byams ma'i bu gang po|One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known as the foremost in his ability to teach.
byams ma'i bu gang po|One of the ten principal śrāvaka disciples of the Buddha, he was the greatest in his ability to teach the Dharma.
byams ma'i bu|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
byams ma|A princess, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 13.
byams ma|The mother of Pūrṇa, one of the four great hearers.
byams mchog|Mother of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
byams pa chen po 'phags|A bodhisattva.
byams pa chen po'i tshig snyan par sgrogs pa|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
byams pa chen pos 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
byams pa chen po|In an effort to maintain distinctions between Buddhism and Christianity, translators have used all sorts of euphemisms for this basic term. Granted, it is not the everyday “love” that means “to like”; it is still the altruistic love that is the finest inspiration of Christ’s teaching, as well as of the Mahāyāna.
byams pa mgon po|Important author of the third to fourth century who was a precursor of the Yogācāra tradition. Even though his name means “One Whose Lord Is Maitreya,” he has been identified with the bodhisattva Maitreya himself.
byams pa mtha' yas blo|Attendant of the buddha Mārakṣayaṃkara.
byams pa'i blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Rāhuguhya (356 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byams pa'i bu ma yin pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
byams pa'i dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
byams pa'i dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amitadhara (227 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byams pa'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ananta guṇa tejorāśi.
byams pa'i rgyan gyi dpal|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Free from Obstacles.
byams pa'i rigs|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
byams pa'i stobs|A certain compassionate king of Vārāṇasī and a previous incarnation of the Buddha.
byams pa'i stobs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gandhābha (859 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byams pas bltas|Birthplace of the buddha Akṣobhya.
byams pa|An important bodhisattva in the Mahāyāna pantheon who is considered to currently reside in Tuṣita and awaits rebirth in the human realm as the next buddha of the current age.
byams pa|Bodhisattva of loving kindness who will become the next buddha to follow Śākyamuni. As a future buddha, he is the 5th buddha in the first list, 5th in the second list, and 5th in the third list.
byams pa|One of the four immeasurables of the Mahāyāna, known in early Buddhism as “pure abodes” (Skt. brahmavihāra), which comprise (1) love, sometimes translated as “loving kindness,” (2) compassion, (3) empathetic joy, and (4) impartiality. Immeasurable love arises from the wish for all living beings to have happiness and the causes of happiness.
byams pa|A bodhisattva present throughout the sūtra, prophesied as one birth away from buddhahood and designated by Śākyamuni as the next buddha in the succession of one thousand buddhas of our era. According to tradition, he resides in the Tuṣita heaven preparing for his descent to earth at the appropriate time which, according to Buddhist belief, will occur in 4456 A.D.
byams pa|In Sanskrit “The Benevolent One”; the name of the bodhisattva who became Śākyamuni’s regent and is prophesied to be the next buddha, the fifth buddha in the fortunate eon. In early Buddhism he appears as the human disciple Maitreya Tiṣya, sent to pay his respects by his teacher. The Buddha gives him the gift of a robe and prophesies he will be the next buddha, while his companion Ajita will be the next universal monarch. As one of the eight great bodhisattvas in the Mahāyāna, he has both these names. He is said to currently reside in the Tuṣita heaven awaiting the proper time to take his final rebirth.
byams pa|The bodhisattva who became Śākyamuni’s regent and is prophesied to be the next buddha, the fifth buddha in the current eon. In early Buddhism he appears as the human disciple sent by his teacher to pay his respects to the Buddha, who gives him the gift of a robe and prophesies that he will be the next buddha, and that his companion Ajita will be the next cakravartin. As a bodhisattva, he has both these names. In https://read.84000.co/translation/toh112.html (Toh 112), the Buddha Ratnagarbha prophesies that Vimalavaiśayana, the fourth of the thousand young Vedapāṭhaka pupils of Samudrareṇu, will be the Buddha Maitreya.
byams sems mthong|Mother of the buddha Bhasmakrodha.
byams sems|Son of the buddha Nirjvara.
byams thob|A king.
byams|One of the four immeasurables of the Mahāyāna, known in early Buddhism as “pure abodes” (Skt. brahmavihāra), which comprise (1) loving kindness, (2) compassion, (3) empathetic joy, and (4) impartiality. Immeasurable loving kindness arises from the wish for all living beings to have happiness and the causes of happiness.
byang chub 'dod|Mother of the buddha Yaśaḥkīrti.
byang chub 'dod|Attendant of the buddha Subuddhi.
byang chub 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
byang chub 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Asamabuddhi.
byang chub 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇasāgara (357 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byang chub 'od|The nephew of Lha Lama Yeshe O, a king of the Yarlung imperial Tibetan line who ruled in the Western Tibetan kingdom of Gugé. Jangchub O is famously remembered for inviting the Indian teacher Atiśa to come to Tibet on his uncle’s orders. He was likely born in the early 11th century.
byang chub 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇakūṭa.
byang chub bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Mārakṣayaṃkara.
byang chub blo gros|Name of a bodhisattva.
byang chub blo gros|The 750th buddha in the first list, 749th in the second list, and 739th in the third list.
byang chub bshes gnyen|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
byang chub bzang po|359−429 ce. He was from North India and came to China in 408 and translated extensively. The Tibetan would more literally be {sangs rgyas bzang po}.
byang chub chen po rnam pa lnga|The term “five degrees of enlightenment” is interpreted by Vi mukti sena (Sparham (2006 I): 145) to denote the results, such as entering the stream, that are mentioned in the paragraph that immediately follows the appearance of this term, https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1402 . See also the Extensive Exegesis of the Transcendent Perfection of Discriminative Awareness in One Hundred Thousand Lines, Twenty-five Thousand Lines, and Eighteen Thousand Lines (Śata sahāsrikā pañca viṃśati sāhasrikāṣṭā daśa sāhasrikā prajnā pāramitā bṛhaṭṭīkā, TPD 55: 1040).\nAn alternative, though less likely, enumeration is given in A saṅga’s Yogācāra bhūmi, volume sha, 162a: (1) essence ({ngo bo nyid}), (2) power ({mthu}), (3) skillful means ({thabs}), (4) engagement ({'jug pa}), and (5) reversal ({ldog pa}). See Nordrang Orgyan (2003): 1158.
byang chub chen po'i yan lag|Seven factors conducive to attaining realization: mindfulness, discernment, diligence, joy, peaceful repose, samādhi, and equanimity.
byang chub dad|Mother of the buddha Dhārmika.
byang chub dag la gzhol ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ketuprabha.
byang chub dam pa'i cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
byang chub dam pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇatejas (710 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byang chub dga' ba|Attendant of the buddha Kusuma.
byang chub dga'|Son of the buddha Viṣāṇin.
byang chub dga'|Mother of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
byang chub dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sugaṇin.
byang chub dga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa (162 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byang chub dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśāntagati (359 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byang chub drang po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍitagāmin.
byang chub gsal ba can|Birthplace of the buddha Sucīrṇavipāka.
byang chub gsum|The awakening of a worthy one, the awakening of a solitary buddha, and the awakening of a buddha.
byang chub gsum|The three levels of awakening that are respectively achieved by hearers, solitary buddhas, and perfect buddhas.
byang chub gzi brjid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Parvatendra (703 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byang chub kyi dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
byang chub kyi phyogs dang 'thun pa'i chos sum cu rtsa bdun|These are comprised, first of all, of the following: the four mindfulnesses, which are (1) mindfulness of the body, (2) mindfulness of sensations, (3) mindfulness of mind, and (4) mindfulness of phenomena; the four thorough efforts (also known as the four abandonments), which are (5) not undertaking new non-virtuous actions, (6) abandoning one’s old non-virtuous actions, (7) undertaking new virtuous actions, and (8) increasing the virtuous actions one has already undertaken; and the four miraculous legs, which are (9) the miraculous leg of interest, (10) the miraculous leg of effort, (11) the miraculous leg of mind, and (12) the miraculous leg of discernment (or “analysis”). These first twelve belong to the first path, the path of accumulation. Then come the five faculties (on the five paths, these correspond to heat and peak on the second path, the path of application/application), which are (13) the faculty of faith, (14) the faculty of effort, (15) the faculty of mindfulness, (16) the faculty of meditation, and (17) the faculty of wisdom, and then the five strengths (on the five paths, these correspond to patience in accord with the truth and highest worldly dharma on the second path, the path of application/application), which are (18) the strength of faith, (19) the strength of effort, (20) the strength of mindfulness, (21) the strength of meditation, and (22) the strength of wisdom. Upon completion of the five strengths, you enter the third path, the path of seeing. The seven limbs of enlightenment belonging to this path are (23) the limb of right mindfulness, (24) the limb of right analysis, (25) the limb of right effort, (26) the limb of right joy, (27) the limb of right purification, (28) the limb of right meditation, and (29) the limb of right equanimity. Here begins the fourth path, the path of meditation, consisting of the noble eightfold path: (30) right view, (31) right understanding, (32) right speech, (33) right action, (34) right livelihood, (35) right effort, (36) right mindfulness, and (37) right meditation. Upon mastery of these thirty-seven comes the fifth path, the path of no more learning (Gampopa 169, 260, 439; Jamspal 2012).
byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos rnams|Thirty-seven practices that lead to the awakened state: the four applications of mindfulness, the four right efforts, the four legs of miraculous power, the five faculties, the five powers, the eightfold noble path, and the seven limbs of awakening.
byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos sum cu rtsa bdun|The four types of presence of recollection, the four correct abandonments, four bases of magical power, the five abilities, the five powers, the noble eightfold way, and the seven limbs of awakening.
byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos sum cu rtsa bdun|Thirty-seven practices or qualities that lead the practitioner to the awakened state: the four applications of mindfulness, the four authentic exertions, the four bases of miraculous power, the five faculties, the five powers, the eight branches of the path of the noble ones, and the seven branches of awakening.
byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos sum cu rtsa bdun|The thirty-seven aspects of enlightenment comprise the four applications of mindfulness, the four correct exertions, the four supports for miraculous ability, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven branches of enlightenment, and the noble eightfold path. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-158 – https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-165 .\nFor a summary of the relevant Pāli and Sanskrit sources on all see the extensive discussion in Dayal (1932): 80–164.
byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos|Traditionally there are thirty-seven factors conducive to awakening.
byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos|The set of practices that lead to awakening, traditionally listed as thirty-seven.
byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos|Thirty-seven practices that lead the practitioner to the awakened state: the four applications of mindfulness, the four thorough relinquishments, the four bases of supernatural power, the five powers, the five strengths, the eightfold path, and the seven branches of awakening.
byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos|The qualities necessary as a method to attain the awakening of a hearer, solitary buddha, or buddha. There are thirty-seven of these: (1–4) the four applications of mindfulness: mindfulness of body, sensations, mind, and phenomena; (5–8) the four right abandonments: the intention to not do bad actions that are not done, to give up bad actions that are being done, to do good actions that have not been done, and increase the good actions that are being done; (9–12) the bases of miracles: intention, diligence, attention, and discernment; (13–17) five faculties: faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and wisdom; (18–22) five strengths: an even stronger form of faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and wisdom; (23–29) seven branches of awakening: correct mindfulness, correct discrimination of phenomena, correct diligence, correct joy, correct pliability, correct absorption, and correct equanimity; and (30–37) the eightfold noble path: right view, examination, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and absorption.
byang chub kyi phyogs sum bcu rtsa bdun gyi chos|Thirty-seven kinds of practices to be accomplished by those who seek awakening.
byang chub kyi phyogs sum cu rtsa bdun gyi chos|These consist of the four foci of mindfulness, the four right efforts, the four bases of magical powers, the five spiritual faculties, the five powers, the seven factors of enlightenment, and the eightfold noble path.
byang chub kyi phyogs|Thirty-seven practices or qualities whose cultivation leads to awakening.
byang chub kyi phyogs|These are aspects of realization that unfold on the path and culminate in the goal of awakening.
byang chub kyi phyogs|A set of thirty-seven essential Buddhist practices. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-007.html#UT22084-060-007-6 .
byang chub kyi phyogs|The qualities necessary as a method to attain the enlightenment of a śrāvaka, pratyekabuddha, or buddha. There are thirty-seven of these: (1–4) the four kinds of mindfulness: mindfulness of body, sensations, mind, and phenomena; (5–8) the four correct exertions: the intention to not do bad actions that are not done, to give up bad actions that are being done, to do good actions that have not been done, and increase the good actions that are being done; (9–12) the foundations for miraculous powers: intention, diligence, mind, and analysis; (13–17) five powers: faith, diligence, mindfulness, samādhi, and wisdom; (18–22) five strengths: an even stronger form of faith, diligence, mindfulness, samādhi, and wisdom; (23–29) seven limbs of enlightenment: correct mindfulness, correct wisdom of the analysis of phenomena, correct diligence, correct joy, correct serenity, correct samādhi, and correct equanimity; and (30–37) the eightfold noble path: right view, examination, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and samādhi.
byang chub kyi sde snod|An old term for Mahāyāna corpus.
byang chub kyi sems bskyed pa|This can also be rendered by “initiation of…” because it means the mental event occurring when a living being, having been exposed to the teaching of the Buddha or of his magical emanations (e.g., Vimalakīrti), realizes simultaneously his own level of conditioned ignorance, i.e., that his habitual stream of consciousness is like sleep compared to that of one who has awakened from ignorance; the possibility of his own attainment of a higher state of consciousness; and the necessity of attaining it in order to liberate other living beings from their stupefaction. Having realized this possibility, he becomes inspired with the intense ambition to attain, and that is called the “conception of the spirit of enlightenment.” “Spirit” is preferred to “mind” because the mind of enlightenment should rather be the mind of the Buddha, and to “thought” because a “thought of enlightenment” can easily be produced without the initiation of any sort of new resolve or awareness. “Will” also serves very well here.
byang chub kyi sems bskyed|The altruistic resolve to achieve complete and perfect Buddhahood for the sake of oneself and all sentient beings.
byang chub kyi sems mi brjed pa|The name of a particular absorption.
byang chub kyi sems|The wish to attain awakening for the sake of all sentient beings; a luminous “seed” moving inside the channels; the Sanskrit and Tibetan terms are also used to denote semen.
byang chub kyi sems|Literally “the mind of awakening,” but more technically, one’s particular aspiration to become fully awakened for the specific purpose of liberating all sentient beings. This is the necessary and sufficient condition to be a bodhisattva.
byang chub kyi sems|In normative Mahāyāna doctrine, bodhicitta refers to the awakened mind both in its relative and absolute aspects. In tantric thought it is frequently used as a code word for semen in the context of its generation and manipulation in sexual yogic rites.
byang chub kyi sems|“Spirit” is preferred to “mind” because the mind of enlightenment should rather be the mind of the Buddha, and to “thought” because a “thought of enlightenment” can easily be produced without the initiation of any sort of new resolve or awareness. “Will” also serves very well here.
byang chub kyi sems|The intent at the heart of the Great Vehicle, namely to obtain buddhahood in order to liberate all sentient beings from suffering. In its relative aspect, it is both this aspiration and the practices toward buddhahood. In its absolute aspect, it is the realization of emptiness or the awakened mind itself.
byang chub kyi sems|The intention or the strong aspiration to attain enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings. Its two aspects on the relative level of truth are famously summarized in Śāntideva’s Bodhi caryāvatāra (ch. 1, verses 15, 16): “15. Bodhichitta, the awakened mind, / Is known in brief to have two aspects: / First, aspiring, bodhichitta in intention; / Then active bodhichitta, practical engagement. 16. As corresponding to the wish to go / And then to setting out, / The wise should understand respectively / The difference that divides these two.” (tr. Padmakara Translation Group, The Way of the Bodhisattva, Boston: Shambala, 2011). On the level of absolute truth, mind of enlightenment means the realization of emptiness.
byang chub kyi shing|Ficus religiosa.
byang chub kyi shing|Tree of Enlightenment at Vajrāsana.
byang chub kyi shing|The tree beneath which every buddha in this world will manifest the attainment of buddhahood.
byang chub kyi shing|The name of the tree under which the Buddha Śākyamuni attained awakening. The same term is used to describe the trees under which other tathāgatas, both in this realm and others, attain awakening.
byang chub kyi snying po'i cod pan|A bodhisattva.
byang chub kyi snying po'i rgyan shin tu mdzes pa|Lit. “Dazzling Ornament of the Choice Circle of Awakening.” A world system in the southeast direction where the buddha Padmottaraśrī dwells.
byang chub kyi snying po|The seat (or essence, or highest point, maṇḍa) of awakening, which can mean both the physical location where buddhas sit to become awakened and the state of awakening itself.
byang chub kyi snying po|The name for the platform under the Bodhi tree that marks the location where the Buddha Śākyamuni attained awakening. The same term is used to signify the platform under the Bodhi trees on which all tathāgatas, both in this realm and in others, attain awakening.
byang chub kyi snying po|Although it is translated as “seat of awakening” and frequently refers to the seat upon which Śākyamuni attained awakening, the Skt. term literally means “essence of awakening.” It refers to the final realization with the corollary of the realized being performing the twelve deeds of a buddha.
byang chub kyi snying po|The place where Śakyamuni Buddha achieved awakening and where countless other buddhas are said to have achieved awakening, and will do so in the future. This is understood to be located under the bodhi tree in present-day Bodhgaya, India. In some texts, the term is used to refer to a seat of awakening in other buddha realms.
byang chub kyi snying po|Haribhadra defines it as “a place used as a seat, where the maṇḍa, here ‘essence,’ of enlightenment is present.” See Lamotte, p. 198, n. 105. The main “seat of enlightenment” is the spot under the bo tree at Buddha Gaya, where the Buddha sat and attained unexcelled, perfect enlightenment. It is not to be confused with bodhimaṇḍala, “circle of enlightenment.”
byang chub kyi snying po|Bodhimaṇḍa, the “seat of awakening,” can be explained in terms of location , in which case it refers to the sphere in which the dharmakāya is realized; to Akaniṣṭha, which is the place of awakening for the saṃbhogakāya ; or to the foot of the bodhi tree at Vajrāsana, which is the site of awakening for the supreme nirmāṇakāya . In terms of realization , the “seat of awakening” refers to unsurpassable, perfect awakening.
byang chub kyi yan lag bdun|A standard list of seven factors that arise at a certain point on the path toward awakening and facilitate it. They are the parts of awakening of mindfulness, classifying the dharmas, heroism, joy, ease, samādhi, and equanimity.
byang chub kyi yan lag bdun|These are the factors of remembrance (smṛti), discrimination between teachings (dharma pravicaya), effort (vīrya), joy (prīti), ecstasy (praśrabdhi), meditative absorption (samādhi), and equanimity (upekṣā). These seven form a part of the thirty-seven aspects of awakening.
byang chub kyi yan lag bdun|(1) Mindfulness (smṛiti, {dran pa}), (2) wisdom (dharmapravicaya, {chos ran tu rnam 'byed/shes rab}), (3) diligence (vīrya, {brtson 'grus}), (4) joy (prīti, {dga' ba}), (5) mental and physical pliancy (praśrabdhi, {shin sbyangs}), (6) meditative stabilization (samādhi, {ting nge 'dzin}), and (7) equanimity (upekṣā, {btang snyoms}).
byang chub kyi yan lag bdun|The seven factors that constitute the path of seeing, namely: mindfulness, investigation, diligence, joy, agility, absorption, and equanimity. These are further explained in this text; see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-4039 – https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-4043 .
byang chub kyi yan lag bdun|The seven branches of enlightenment, as found in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-164 , comprise the branches of enlightenment that entail: (1) correct recollection, (2) correct doctrinal analysis, (3) correct perseverance, (4) correct delight, (5) correct mental and physical refinement, (6) correct meditative stability, and (7) correct equanimity.
byang chub kyi yan lag bdun|The set of seven factors or aspects that characteristically manifest on the path of seeing: (1) mindfulness (smṛti, {dran pa}), (2) examination of dharmas (dharmapravicaya, {chos rab tu rnam 'byed/shes rab}), (3) perseverance (vīrya, {brtson 'grus}), (4) joy (prīti, {dga' ba}), (5) mental and physical pliability (praśrabdhi, {shin sbyangs}), (6) meditative stabilization (samādhi, {ting nge 'dzin}), and (7) equanimity (upekṣā, {btang snyoms}).
byang chub kyi yan lag gi me tog byed|Name of a buddha.
byang chub kyi yan lag gi me tog|Lit. “Limbs of Awakening Flower.” Name that a hundred thousand one hundred million billion beings will bear when they become buddhas after sixty-four eons.
byang chub kyi yan lag gi rin po che bdun|These are the seven precious branches of mindfulness (Skt. smṛti), discerning reality (Skt. dharma pravicaya), effort (Skt. vīrya), joy (Skt. prīti), ecstasy (Skt. praśrabdhi), meditative absorption (Skt. samādhi), and equanimity (Skt. upekṣā). These seven form a part of the thirty-seven aids to enlightenment.
byang chub kyi yan lag rab gnas|A buddha realm.
byang chub kyi yan lag rab tu brgyan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Infinite Jewel.
byang chub kyi yan lag rin po che bdun|Otherwise known as the seven branches of awakening ({byang chub kyi yan lag bdun}): (1) awakened mindfulness, (2) awakened discernment of phenomena, (3) awakened diligence, (4) awakened rejoicing, (5) awakened pliancy, (6) awakened absorption, and (7) awakened equanimity.
byang chub kyi yan lag yod pa|Name of the seventy-fifth meditative stability.
byang chub kyi yan lag yod pa|Lit. “endowed with the limbs of awakening.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
byang chub kyi yan lag|The seven branches of awakening are: (1) correct mindfulness, (2) correct discrimination of dharmas, (3) correct vigor, (4) correct joy, (5) correct flexibility, (6) correct concentration, and (7) correct equanimity.
byang chub kyi yan lag|The aspects that constitute the path of seeing, namely remembrance, discrimination between teachings, diligence, joy, pliancy or serenity, absorption, and equanimity. These form a part of the thirty-seven factors to enlightenment.
byang chub kyi yan lag|The branches of, respectively, (1) authentic mindfulness; (2) authentic discrimination of dharmas; (3) authentic perseverance; (4) authentic joy; (5) authentic serenity; (6) authentic meditative absorption; and (7) authentic equanimity.
byang chub kyi yan lag|The seven factors of awakening are listed in The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata as correct mindfulness, correct investigation of phenomena, correct vigor, correct joy, correct serenity, correct meditative absorption, and correct equanimity.
byang chub kyi yan lag|This can refer to the seven branches of awakening: mindfulness, analysis of the dharmas, diligence, joy, pliability, absorption, equanimity; or the full list of thirty-seven factors of awakening, to which these seven belong: the four applications of mindfulness, the four thorough relinquishments, the four bases of miraculous power, the five faculties, the five powers, the eightfold path, and the seven branches of awakening.
byang chub kyi yan lag|In this text, this set of factors is said to include discipline, insight, absorption, liberation, the vision of liberated wisdom, the perfection of generosity, the perfection of discipline, the perfection of patience, the perfection of diligence, the perfection of concentration, and the perfection of insight. However, usually they are listed as seven, namely remembrance, discrimination between teachings, diligence, joy, pliancy or serenity, absorption, and equanimity; these form a part of the thirty-seven factors of awakening.
byang chub la dad pa'i mid pa|Father of the buddha Siddhi.
byang chub mchog bgrod|The 874th buddha in the first list, 873rd in the second list, and 864th in the third list.
byang chub mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇaprabhāsa.
byang chub mthu rtsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Uttamadeva (599 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byang chub nges pa|Birthplace of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.
byang chub phrad|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñārāṣṭra.
byang chub phyogs kyi chos sum bcu rtsa bdun|The Buddhist path as presented in the Bodhisattva Vehicle: the four close applications of mindfulness, the four perfect abandonments, the four bases of miraculous power, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven limbs of enlightenment, and the eightfold path.
byang chub phyogs|Thirty-seven practices that lead the practitioner to the awakened state: the four applications of mindfulness, the four authentic eliminations, the four bases of supernatural power, the five masteries, the five powers, the eightfold path, and the seven branches of awakening.
byang chub reg|Attendant of the buddha Durjaya.
byang chub rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Buddhimati.
byang chub rgyal mtshan|The 904th buddha in the first list, 903rd in the second list, and 894th in the third list.
byang chub rgyal po|The 574th buddha in the first list, 574th in the second list, and 567th in the third list.
byang chub rnam pa lnga|The term “five degrees of enlightenment” is interpreted by Vi mukti sena (Sparham (2006 I): 145) to denote the results, such as entering the stream, that are mentioned in the paragraph that immediately follows the appearance of this term, https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1402 . See also the Extensive Exegesis of the Transcendent Perfection of Discriminative Awareness in One Hundred Thousand Lines, Twenty-five Thousand Lines, and Eighteen Thousand Lines (Śata sahāsrikā pañca viṃśati sāhasrikāṣṭā daśa sāhasrikā prajnā pāramitā bṛhaṭṭīkā, TPD 55: 1040).\nAn alternative, though less likely, enumeration is given in A saṅga’s Yogācāra bhūmi, volume sha, 162a: (1) essence ({ngo bo nyid}), (2) power ({mthu}), (3) skillful means ({thabs}), (4) engagement ({'jug pa}), and (5) reversal ({ldog pa}). See Nordrang Orgyan (2003): 1158.
byang chub rnam par sangs rgyas pa'i ye shes gzi brjid|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
byang chub sem dpa'|One of the self-arisen supramundane beings.
byang chub sems dpa' chen po brgyad|The list of the eight may vary according to the source, but it usually includes Mañjuśrī, Avalokiteśvara, Vajrapāṇi, Maitreya, Kṣitigarbha, Ākāśagarbha, Sarva nivaraṇa viṣkambhin, and Samantabhadra.
byang chub sems dpa' chen po|A bodhisattva who has attained the highest level next to the Buddha.
byang chub sems dpa' gdol ba|Bodhisattvas who are attached to disciplined practices and living in remote areas.
byang chub sems dpa' lag na rdo rjes dam bcas pa|An alternate title for The Detailed Account of the Previous Aspirations of the Thus-Gone Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha.
byang chub sems dpa' rnam par gzhag pa bcu|In the Tibetan translation of the Avataṃsaka, this same term is rendered {byang chub sems dpa' rnam par dgod pa bcu}.
byang chub sems dpa' rnams kyi sa|A stage of progress on the spiritual path, especially one of the ten stages of the Great Vehicle path of cultivation.
byang chub sems dpa' sems dpa' chen po chos kyi dbyings kyi tshul snang ba'i blo|A bodhisattva.
byang chub sems dpa' sems dpa' chen po|Standard epithet for a bodhisattva.
byang chub sems dpa' sems dpa' chen po|Someone who has the intent to achieve full enlightenment for the benefit of sentient beings.
byang chub sems dpa' sems dpa' chen po|Generally refers to bodhisattvas who have reached at least the seventh of the ten bodhisattva levels (bhūmis).
byang chub sems dpa' sems dpa' chen po|A bodhisattva is a great being (mahāsattva), having the intention to achieve complete awakening for the benefit of all sentient beings.
byang chub sems dpa' sems dpa' chen po|Those “great beings” who have the intention to achieve the complete enlightenment of a buddha in order to liberate all sentient beings from cyclic existence. An epithet of a bodhisattva.
byang chub sems dpa' sems dpa' chen po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva is a bodhisattva who has completed the seventh bhūmi and is on the eighth, ninth, or tenth bhūmi prior to becoming a buddha. These bodhisattvas have several special qualities that bodhisattvas on the lower bhūmis do not have.
byang chub sems dpa'i chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad|These consist of the bodhisattva’s natural (uninstructed) possession of generosity, morality, tolerance, effort, meditation, and wisdom; of his uniting all beings with the four means of unification, knowing the method of dedication (of virtue to enlightenment), exemplification, through skill in liberative art, of the positive results of the Mahāyāna, as suited to the (various) modes of behavior of all living beings, his not falling from the Mahāyāna, showing the entrances of saṃsāra and nirvāṇa, skill in the technique of reconciliation of dichotomies, impeccable progress in all his lives, guided by wisdom without any conditioned activities, possession of ultimate action of body, speech, and mind directed by the tenfold path of good action, nonabandonment of any of the realms of living beings, through his assumption of a body endowed with tolerance of every conceivable suffering, manifestation of that which delights all living beings, inexhaustible preservation of the mind of omniscience, as stable as the virtue-constituted tree of wish-fulfilling gems, (even) in the midst of the infantile (ordinary persons) and (narrow-minded) religious disciples, however trying they might be, and adamant irreversibility from demonstrating the quest of the Dharma of the Buddha, for the sake of the attainment of the miraculous consecration conferring the skill in liberative art that transmutes all things. (Mvy, nos. 787-804)
byang chub sems dpa'i sa bcu|In this text, two sets of ten levels are mentioned. One set pertains to the progress of an individual practitioner who, starting from the level of an ordinary person, sequentially follows the path of a śrāvaka, a pratyekabuddha, and then a bodhisattva on their way to complete buddhahood (see “ten levels” for a detailed explanation of this set).\nThe other set is more common in Mahāyāna literature, although there are variations, and refers to the ten levels traversed by an individual practitioner who has already become a bodhisattva: (1) Pramuditā (Joyful), in which one rejoices at realizing a partial aspect of the truth; (2) Vimalā (Stainless), in which one is free from all defilement; (3) Prabhākarī (Light Maker), in which one radiates the light of wisdom; (4) Arciṣmatī (Radiant), in which the radiant flame of wisdom burns away earthly desires; (5) Sudurjayā (Invincible), in which one surmounts the illusions of darkness, or ignorance, as the Middle Way; (6) Abhimukhī (Directly Witnessed), in which supreme wisdom begins to manifest; (7) Dūraṃgamā (Far Reaching), in which one rises above the states of the lower vehicles of srāvakas and pratyekabuddhas; (8) Acalā (Immovable), in which one dwells firmly in the truth of the Middle Way and cannot be perturbed by anything; (9) Sādhumatī (Auspicious Intellect), in which one preaches the Dharma unimpededly; and (10) Dharmameghā (Cloud of Dharma), in which one benefits all sentient beings with Dharma, just as a cloud rains impartially upon everything.
byang chub sems dpa'i sa|One of the ten (or thirteen) levels of bodhisattva realization.
byang chub sems dpa'i sa|Name of the ninth level of realization attainable by bodhisattvas. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1282 .
byang chub sems dpa'i sa|The ninth of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. When rendered in the plural, it is understood as a reference to all levels of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten levels” and “ten bodhisattva levels.”
byang chub sems dpa'i sde gnod|The collection of Great Vehicle teachings.
byang chub sems dpa'i sde snod|The sūtras and teachings of the bodhisattva vehicle in general (not to be confused with the sūtra of the same name, Toh 56, in the Ratnakūṭa).
byang chub sems dpa'i sde snod|The collection of the Vast (vaipulya) Sūtras of the Mahāyāna, supposed to have been collected supernaturally by a great assembly of bodhisattvas led by Maitreya, Mañjuśrī, and Vajrapāṇi. There is a Mahāyāna sūtra called Bodhisattvapiṭaka, but the word more usually refers to the whole collection (piṭaka) of Mahāyāna sūtras, to distinguish them from the Three Collections (Tripiṭaka) of the Hinayāna.
byang chub sems dpa'i snod|The collection of the Mahāyāna teachings.
byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pas nges par 'byung ba sgrib pa med pa'i sgo|The name of a discourse.
byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa rnam par nges pa|Another name of the Rāṣṭrapāla paripṛcchā sūtra.
byang chub sems dpa'i theg pa|The way or vehicle of the bodhisattvas.
byang chub sems dpa'i theg pa|This is equivalent to the Great Vehicle.
byang chub sems dpa'i theg pa|This is the way (yāna) of the bodhisattva, the teachings of the Mahāyāna sūtras.
byang chub sems dpa'|The Tibetan translators consistently understand the word bodhisattva as bodhi-satva and render it {byang chub sems dpa'} (“awakening thought hero”).
byang chub sems dpa'|One who practices according to the Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas, aiming at complete buddhahood; “awakening hero,” “one who has a wish for awakening,” “one who awakens sentient beings.”
byang chub sems dpa'|A living being who has produced the spirit of enlightenment in himself and whose constant dedication, lifetime after lifetime, is to attain the unexcelled, perfect enlightenment of Buddhahood.
byang chub sems dpa'|Someone who practices according to the vehicle of the bodhisattvas, those who aim at complete buddhahood; the term is explained as “awakening hero,” “one who has a wish for awakening,” or also “one who awakens sentient beings.”
byang chub sems dpa'|A person who is dedicated not merely to gaining liberation through attaining the state of an arhat, but to becoming a buddha. A name created from the Sanskritization of the Middle-Indic bodhisatto, the Sanskrit equivalent of which was bodhisakta (“one who is set on awakening”). Some contemporary scholars maintain that the word derives from bodhisatvan (“warrior of awakening”).
byang chub sems dpa'|A being who is dedicated to the cultivation and fulfilment of the altruistic intention to attain manifestly perfect buddhahood, traversing the five bodhisattva paths and ten bodhisattva levels. Bodhisattvas purposely opt to remain within cyclic existence in order to liberate all sentient beings, instead of simply seeking personal freedom from suffering. Philosophically, they realize the two aspects of selflessness, with respect to afflicted mental states and the nature of all phenomena.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-142 .)
byang chub sems pa'i sde snod|A collection of the Great Vehicle teachings.
byang chub sems su bskyed pa|The setting of the mind on enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings, which marks the onset of the bodhisattva path and culminates in the actual attainment of buddhahood, distinguishes the compassionate bodhisattva path from that of the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas who are both preoccupied with their own emancipation from cyclic existence. See Dayal (1932): 50–79, Williams (1989): 197–204, and Padmakara Translation Group (1994): 218–234.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-8 ).
byang chub sems|The resolve (citta) to reach awakening (bodhi). Often this includes the motivation to help all beings reach awakening.
byang chub sems|Refers to the aspiration for oneself and others to attain spiritual awakening in order to live a life of maximum benefit to all beings.
byang chub sems|In Mahāyāna doctrine, the Sanskrit bodhicitta refers to the aspiration of bodhisattvas to attain enlightenment for themselves and others.
byang chub sems|The intention to reach unsurpassed, completely perfect awakening (Skt. anuttara samyak sambodhi) in order to liberate all beings from suffering.
byang chub sems|Conventionally, this refers to a pure compassion; ultimately it refers to empty awareness. It can also refer to drops in completion stage practice.
byang chub sems|The wish to attain awakening for the sake of all sentient beings; a luminous “seed” moving inside the channels; the Sanskrit and Tibetan terms are also used to denote semen.
byang chub sgron ma|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
byang chub snying po|Under the Tree of Enlightenment at Vajrāsana; also used metaphorically.
byang chub snying po|“The essence of enlightenment.” The spot in Bodhgaya where the Buddha attained enlightenment.
byang chub snying po|A name for the platform beneath the Bodhi tree, where the Buddha Śākyamuni attained awakening.
byang chub snying po|The exact place where every buddha in this world will manifest the attainment of buddhahood. The spot beneath the Bodhi tree in the village presently known as Bodhgaya. Literally “the essence of enlightenment.”
byang chub snying po|The place where the Buddha Śākyamuni achieved awakening and where countless other buddhas are said to have achieved awakening. This is understood to be located under the Bodhi tree in present-day Bodhgaya, India. By extension, the term refers to the “essence” (maṇḍa) of awakening.
byang chub snying po|Although it is translated as “seat of awakening” and frequently refers to the seat upon which Śākyamuni attained awakening, the Skt. term literally means “essence of awakening.” It refers to the final realization with the corollary of the realized being performing the twelve deeds of a buddha.
byang chub spyad pa|Birthplace of the buddha Priyābha.
byang chub stabs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Asaṅga (611 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
byang chub stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Avabhāsadarśin.
byang chub tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Sumedhas.
byang chub tshogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Buddhimati.
byang chub tu sems|In Mahāyāna Buddhism, this refers to the altruistic resolve to achieve complete and perfect buddhahood for the sake of oneself and all sentient beings.
byang chub tu sgrol ba la mkhas pa|A former buddha.
byang chub yan lag bdun|Mindfulness, discrimination, diligence, joy, pliability, absorption, and equanimity.
byang chub yan lag dga' ba|Mother of the buddha Sumedhas.
byang chub yan lag ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
byang chub yan lag me to|The 854th buddha in the first list, 853rd in the second list, and 843rd in the third list.
byang chub yan lag rtogs pa|A great bodhisattva.
byang chub yan lag|Mindfulness, discrimination, diligence, joy, ease, absorption, and equanimity.
byang chub yan lag|Seven factors conducive to attaining realization: mindfulness, discernment, diligence, joy, peaceful repose, samādhi, and equanimity.
byang chub yan lag|The seven factors of awakening are listed in The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata as correct mindfulness, correct investigation of phenomena, correct vigor, correct joy, correct serenity, correct meditative absorption, and correct equanimity.
byang chub yang lag brgyan|A buddha realm.
byang chub yon tan 'dzin pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gambhīramati.
byang chub|I.e., awakening to the reality of phenomena (inner and outer) as they actually are.
byang chub|Awakening refers to the state of realization and understanding possessed by a buddha regarding the nature of things.
byang chub|The Sanskrit can mean knowledge, realization, waking, blossoming, etc., according to context. The Tibetan translates as “purified and accomplished.”
byang chub|In general the Sanskrit means “awakening,” as from sleep, but in the Buddhist context it is the awakening from ignorance, i.e., the direct realization of truth.
byang chub|This may be awakening in the literal sense, as from sleep, but in the Buddhist context it is the awakening from ignorance, i.e., the direct realization of truth.
byang chub|This word requires too much explanation for this glossary because, indeed, the whole sūtra—and the whole of Buddhist literature—is explanatory of only this. Here we simply mention the translation equivalent.
byang chug kyi snying po|The name of the seat or platform located beneath the Bodhi tree where Śākyamuni Buddha attained awakening.
byang gi sgra mi snyan pa|The name of the northern continent of Jambudvīpa where people live in perfect harmony. See Bhattacharya 2000.
byang gi sgra mi snyan|The northern continent of the human world according to traditional Indian cosmology, literally meaning “northern unpleasant sound.”
byang gi sgra mi snyan|The northern continent according to Buddhist cosmology. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-70 .
byang phyogs kyi lnga len pa|One of the two kings of the country of Pañcāla.
byas pa gdon mi za ba|Mother of the buddha Pūjya.
byas pa gzo ba|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
byas pa nges|Mother of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.
byas pa rtogs pa can gyi sa|Lit. “Have Done the Work to Be Done.” The seventh of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
bya|One of the garuḍa kings.
bye ba brgya stong|Literally “a hundred thousand ten-millions,” which adds up to a million million, which is a trillion.
bye ba khrag khrig 'bum|The expression koṭi niyuta lakṣa ({bye ba khrag khrig 'bum}) is equivalent to 10 to the power of 23, i.e., one hundred billion trillion.
bye ba khrag khrig brgya stong phrag|Quintillion (a million million million) is here derived from the classical meaning of nayuta as a million. The Tibetan gives nayuta a value of a hundred thousand million, so that the entire number would mean a hundred thousand quintillion.
bye ba khrag khrig brgya stong|If the Abhidharma system is followed, this is a number calculated by multiplying a koṭi ({bye ba}), or ten million; by a niyuta ({khrag khrig}), or a hundred billion; and by a śatasahasra ({brgya stong}), or one hundred thousand, which all together equals ten to the 23rd power or a hundred sextillion. This term is often used as to express a number so large as to be inconceivable.
bye ba khrag khrig brgya stong|A number calculated by multiplying a koṭi ({bye ba}), or ten million, by a niyuta ({khrag khrig}), or a hundred billion according to the Abhidharma system (although it is only one million in Classical Sanskrit), and by a śatasahasra ({brgya stong}), or one hundred thousand, all of which together equals ten to the twenty-third power or a hundred sextillion. This term is often used to express a number so large as to be inconceivable.
bye ba ldan|The mother of Suvarṇottamaprabhāsā, who was married to King Bimbisāra. She is likely to be the same person as Khemā in the Pali Canon, one of Bimbisāra’s consorts who became an arhat and bhikṣuṇī. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-005.html#UT22084-055-005-140 .
bye ba nyi shu pa|A disciple of the Buddha.
bye ba phrag bcu|Literally ten times ten million, a koṭi being equivalent to ten million.
bye brag 'byed pa|Also rendered here as “discriminating.”
bye brag pa|“Particularists,” a non-Buddhist philosophical school.
bye brag phyed pa|An individual who is gifted in reading natural signs and omens.
bye brgyad pa|Son of the buddha Amitasvara.
bye ma 'drim pa|A river on Great Slope.
bye ma can|A village.
bye ma chen po|A town in the land of Bald Ṛṣi in the future.
bye ma skyes|A monk.
bye ma'i gnas skabs|An area between Godānīya and Videha.
bye mas ma bcom pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
bye'u kha|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
byed ldan|(1) The king of the country of Kuru. (2) A king in the past.
byed pa chen po|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
byi ba|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
byi bzhin gyi bu|One of the grahas.
byi bzhin nyid|One of the muhūrtas.
byi bzhin|The name of a nakṣatra. In one instance the name is given as Abhijit, which is the same as the name of one of the muhūrtas..
byi la 'gros mdzes|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
byi ru bzang|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
byi ru gsal|Mother of the buddha Vaiḍūryagarbha.
byi ru'i tshal|A pleasure grove in White Body.
byi sha khra 'bo ta|Praised as the foremost of female lay practitioners.
byi so mdzes|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
byi tang ka|Embelia ribes, or Embelia tsjeriam-cottam.
byin byed|An ascetic statesman.
byin gyi rlabs pa bzhi|Four types of transformative powers, also called blessings. These are: truth, giving, peace, and insight.
byin gyi rlabs|This term is usually translated into English with “blessings.” However, as explained in Edgerton 1953, p. 15; Eckel 1994, pp. 90–93; Gómez 2011, pp. 539 and 541; and Fiordalis 2012, pp. 104 and 118, adhiṣṭhāna conveys the notions of control (of one’s environment as a result of meditative absorption), authority, or protection (see Abhidharmakośa VII.51, cf. La Vallée Poussin 1925, p. 119ff.). Adhiṣṭhāna is also used to convey the idea of transformation through exerting one’s control over objects, people, and places. The term “sovereign power” seems to cover all these shades of meaning as well as the various usages of the Sanskrit term, for example satyādhiṣṭhāna “the sovereign power of truth” and adhiṣṭhānādhiṣṭita “empowered by the sovereign power (of the Tathāgata).”
byin gyis brlab pa|A monk’s robes are sanctioned at ordination. Furthermore, two types of offenses, saṅgha stigmata offense and transgressions requiring forfeiture, must be formally sanctioned or excused in order to be completely expunged.
byin gyis brlabs pa'i lus|A body that a bodhisattva manifests for the sake of sentient beings.
byin gyis brlabs|The “supernatural power” with which the buddhas sustain the bodhisattvas in their great efforts on behalf of living beings.
byin gyis brlabs|The term is also translated as “blessing.” It literally denotes the circumstance of something being affected ({brlabs}) by a force that has the capacity to change the way of thinking or the appearance of others ({byin}).
byin gyis rlob pa|The formal act of making something one’s own through pronouncement before another monastic.
byin pa 'od srung|Close Śravaka disciple of the Buddha.
byin pa can|A short form of Jaṅghākāśyapa, a disciple of the Buddha.
byin pa ri dags e ne ya'i lta bu dang ldan pa|Eighth of the thirty-two major marks.
byin pa ri dags kyi rgyal po e ne ya 'dra ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the sixteenth of the thirty-two signs of a great being. Eṇeya (sometimes Aiṇeya) is the mythical king of ungulates, usualy depicted as an antelope.
byin pa|One of King Prasenajit’s two chief ministers in Śrāvastī.
byin rlabs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja.
byis bcas mo|One of the seven types of ḍākinīs..
byis pa rnams kyi gdon|Literally “child snatchers,” the bālagrahaḥ are an important class of demonic being in both Āyurvedic literature and across both popular and institutional religious communities in South Asia and the broader South Asian cultural world.
byis pa rtse|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
byis pa so so'i skye bo|A person who has not had a perceptual experience of the truth and has therefore not achieved the state of a noble person.
byis pa|A brahmin youth.
byis pa|A class of malevolent spirits.
byis pa|Could be one of Vākāṭaka kings.
byis pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
byis|One of the Gupta emperors, the successor of king Skanda.
byol song|One of the three lower realms of existence (Skt. durgati, apāya). Unlike the Western biological classification of life (in which humans belong to the animal kingdom), Buddhism in ancient Asia has developed its own unique taxonomic system that divides all forms of sentient life (plants are mostly excluded from sentient life in the South Asian and Tibetan Buddhist taxonomies) into six (sometimes five) realms or rebirth destinies (Skt. gati): gods (Skt. deva), demigods (Skt. asura), humans (Skt. manuṣya), animals (Skt. tiryak), hell (Skt. naraka), and ghosts (Skt. preta).
byor ba mchog gi skyed mos tshal|Puṇyabala’s garden.
byor bas byin|A great bodhisattva.
byung ba'i dpal|A buddha realm.
byung ba'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
byung ba|A buddha realm.
byung po kun la brtse ba dang ldan pa|A captain; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
byung po|A class of demonic beings.
byung po|A class of beings who are connected with the elements (water, fire, air, earth), like the river spirits, tree spirits, and so on.
byung po|A broad class of demonic, possessing beings of which there are numerous subdivisions outlined in Āyurvedic literature and Śaiva tantras, such as the Netratantra and Kriyākallotara, that preserve material from the now-lost genre of bhūtatantra that discusses the symptomology, pathology, and treatment of demonic possession.
bza'|One of the kings of the Nāgasena dynasty, identified with Grahavarman; one of the ancient kings of Madhyadeśa.
bzang 'gro|The higher states of rebirth including those of gods, asuras, and human beings.
bzang brtsams|A person who sacrificed his own body.
bzang byed ma|Mother of the buddha Vigata mohārtha cintin.
bzang byed|A city.
bzang byed|A buddha realm.
bzang byed|Birthplace of the buddha Sunetra.
bzang byed|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bzang byin|Attendant of the buddha Sumati.
bzang byin|The 326th buddha in the first list, 325th in the second list, and 320th in the third list.
bzang dbang|Attendant of the buddha Indra.
bzang dga'|Son of the buddha Ratnadeva.
bzang dga'|Attendant of the buddha Mahābala.
bzang dga'|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bzang dpal|Attendant of the buddha Śuddhasāgara.
bzang dpal|Mother of the buddha Madhura svara rāja.
bzang grags|Son of the buddha Ratnaketu.
bzang la dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Raśmirāja.
bzang ldan gyi dus|In the context of this sūtra, this appears to refer to the “age of perfection.”
bzang ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Praśāntadoṣa.
bzang ldan rgyal po|Supreme among the upper-class monks. He became an arhat in the first rainy season. One of the first group of Śākya princes to become a monk. He is said to have been a king in many successive previous lifetimes, which is why the title of “king” is added after his name in the sūtra. He is not to be confused with the Bhadrika who was one of the Buddha’s first five pupils.
bzang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Amṛtadhārin.
bzang ldan|A merchant. Identical with Mahārhata.
bzang ldan|Son of the buddha Vigata mohārtha cintin.
bzang ldan|One of the first five disciples of the Buddha.
bzang ldan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Smṛtīndra.
bzang ldan|One of the five excellent companions, with whom Siddhārtha Gautama practiced asceticism near the Nairañjanā River and who later heard the Buddha first teach the Four Noble Truths at the Deer Park in Sarnath.
bzang mchog dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Samṛddhajñāna.
bzang mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Jñānasūrya.
bzang mchog tog|Son of the buddha Vaiḍūryagarbha.
bzang mchog tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhasvara.
bzang mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Balasena.
bzang mchog|Father of the buddha Gaṇiprabhāsa.
bzang mchog|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one King Victory Banner at the Pinnacle of Goodness. Another name for the world system Delight in Goodness.
bzang mchog|Lit. “Best.” Name of four lotus ponds, each located in one of the four gardens of the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
bzang mo'i mchog|The kalyāṇamitra of chapter 48.
bzang mo|An eminent daughter in Dhanyākara.
bzang mo|(1) The wife of an elephant king that was the Buddha in a former life. (2) A courtesan.
bzang po byed|Birthplace of the buddha Subhadra.
bzang po bzhed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhasvara (832 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bzang po dam pa'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Elation.
bzang po dga' ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Victory Banner at the Pinnacle of Goodness. Another name for the world system Supreme Goodness.
bzang po dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
bzang po dpal|Father of the buddha Lokaprabha.
bzang po grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arciṣmat.
bzang po mchog dpal|A buddha.
bzang po mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Subhadra.
bzang po ngo tsha mkhyen pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nātha (576 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bzang po pa|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
bzang po rgyal|A great bodhisattva.
bzang po'i 'byung gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Rāhudeva.
bzang po'i 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Muktaprabha.
bzang po'i blo gros|A prince in the distant past.
bzang po'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
bzang po'i blo gros|The queen of a cakravartin in the distant past, a previous life of the night goddess Pramudita nayana jagad virocanā.
bzang po'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
bzang po'i dpal|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara.
bzang po'i dpal|A buddha in a world realm in the eastern direction.
bzang po'i dpal|Bhadraśrī (Excellent Glory) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Padmaśrī.
bzang po'i lha|A buddha.
bzang po'i mchog gi dpal|A buddha realm.
bzang po'i mchog|A son of King Sarvārthasiddha.
bzang po'i mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhakrama.
bzang po'i mchog|The name of the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ father.
bzang po'i mchog|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one King Victory Banner at the Pinnacle of Goodness. Another name for the world system Delight in Goodness.
bzang po'i mig|A bodhisattva present with the Buddha at Śrāvastī in chapter 1.
bzang po'i sde|A great bodhisattva.
bzang po'i tog gi rgyal mtshan rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Supreme Goodness. Likely the same as the thus-gone one Victory Banner at the Pinnacle of Goodness.
bzang po'i tog|Attendant of the buddha Nala.
bzang po'i tog|The name of the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ disciple foremost in insight.
bzang po'i tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Asaṅga.
bzang pos byin|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara.
bzang po|The world realm where Yaśodharā will become a buddha.
bzang po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight great śrāvakas.
bzang po|Meaning “good,” it is the name of this present kalpa, so called because over a thousand buddhas will appear within it.
bzang po|The name of the charioteer Subhadra’s son who is ordained, attains arhatship, and leads his parents to attain stream entry and go forth.
bzang po|Lit. “Good.” Name of four lotus ponds, each located in one of the four gardens of the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
bzang po|One of the five companions of Śākyamuni in asceticism, who abandoned him when he renounced asceticism. Later they became the Buddha’s first five pupils, with Bhadrika the second of them to become his follower.
bzang ris|The king of the asuras.
bzang sbyin ma|Mother of the buddha Guṇaskandha.
bzang sbyin|Son of the buddha Velāma.
bzang sbyin|Mother of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
bzang sbyin|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
bzang skyong ma|The name of the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ queen.
bzang skyong|The 62nd buddha in the first list, 62nd in the second list, and 63rd in the third list.
bzang skyong|Lit. “Guardian of Good.” A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
bzang skyong|One of the “sixteen excellent men.” A bodhisattva and householder who appears prominently in several sūtras.
bzang skyong|“Kind Protector.” Head of the “sixteen excellent men” in this sūtra. He is a bodhisattva who appears prominently in a number of sūtras, where he is depicted as a lay practitioner.
bzang skyong|One of “the sixteen excellent men.” A bodhisattva who appears prominently in certain sūtras, such as The Samādhi of the Presence of the Buddhas, and perhaps also the merchant of that name who is the principal interlocutor in http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-044-003.html (tshong dpon bzang skyong gyis zhus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo, toh 83).
bzang skyong|Head of the “sixteen excellent men” (ṣoḍaśasat puruṣa), a group of householder bodhisattvas present in the audience of many sūtras. He appears prominently in certain sūtras such as The Samādhi of the Presence of the Buddhas (Pratyutpanna buddhasaṃmukhāvasthita samādhi sūtra, http://read.84000.co/translation/toh133.html) and is perhaps also the merchant of the same name who is the principal interlocutor in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh83.html (Bhadrapālaśreṣṭhi paripṛcchā, Toh 83).
bzang skyon|Name of a bodhisattva.
bzang tog rgyal mtshan|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Supreme Goodness. Likely the same as the thus-gone one King Victory Banner at the Pinnacle of Goodness.
bzangs sems ma|Mother of the buddha Daśaraśmi.
bzhad ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
bzhad pa'i gzi brjid|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
bzhengs bzhin du ma btud par phyag pus mor sleb pa|Ninth of the thirty-two major marks.
bzhi ldan|The name of King Śibi’s palace.
bzhin 'dra|Son of the buddha Vairocana.
bzhin brgya pa|The sūtra contains the only known reference to a nāga king and kinnara king who both have this name in Sanskrit. The nāga’s name was translated into Tibetan as “hundred mouths” ({kha brgya pa}), and the kinnara as “hundred faces” ({bzhin brgya pa}). Other deities with the name Śatamukha appear in Indian literature.
bzhin bzangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇamālin.
bzhin dga'|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
bzhin gsal|Mother of the buddha Anavanata.
bzhin gtsang|Son of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
bzhin ldan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.
bzhin ma zhum|Son of the buddha Vratatapas.
bzhin mdzes ma|‟Gentle-Faced One/She with the Beautiful Face,” one of the eight demonesses who inhabit the eight great charnel grounds.
bzhin ngan|A ṛṣi.
bzhin rgyas|(1) The parrot of Āmrapālī. (2) A haṃsa who was the Buddha in a former life.
bzhin sdug|Attendant of the buddha Ratnābhacandra.
bzhon pa che ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Balasena (53 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bzhon pa rgya che ba la rnam par rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
bzhon par mdzad|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anupamarāṣṭra (266 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
bzo la sogs par gtogs pa sum cu|The thirty designated arts, contained in the sixty-four crafts, are (1) writing (lipi, {yi ge}); (2) gestures (mudrā, {lag rtsis}); (3) arithmetic (gaṇana, {grangs}); (4) astrology (saṃkhya, {rtsis chen}); (5) hairbinding (śikhābandha, {thor tshugs}); (6) deportment (padabandha, {gom stabs}); (7) elephant goading (aṅkuśagraha, {lcags kyus bsgyur thabs}); (8) swordsmanship (khaḍgika/ sarau, {ral gri'i thabs}); (9) lassoing or snaring (pāśagraha, {zhags pa gdab pa}); (10) javelin throwing (tomaragraha, {mda' bo che 'phen pa}), (11) advancing (upayāṇa, {mdun du bsnur ba}), (12) retreating (apayāna, {phyir bsnur ba}); (13) cutting (chedya, {bcad pa}); (14) breaking (bhedya, {dral ba}); (15) poisoning (dālana, {dbug pa}); (16) striking from afar (dūra vedha, {rgyang nas 'phog pa}); (17) verbal assault (śabdavedha, {sgra grags par 'phog pa}); (18) vital assault (marmavedha, {gnad du 'phog pa}) or stealthy assault (avedanīyavedha, {mi tshor bar 'phog pa}); (19) hard assault (dṛḍha prahāri tā, {tshabs che bar 'phog pa}); (20) jumping (laṅghita, {mchongs pa}); (21) wrestling (sālambha, {gyad kyi 'dzin stangs}); (23) running (javita, {bang}); (24) swimming (plavita, {rkyal brgal ba}); (25) elephant riding (hastigrīvā, {glang po che'i gnyar zhon pa}); (26) horse riding (aśvapṛṣṭha, {rta la zhon pa}); (27) charioteering (ratha, {shing rta'i thabs}); (28) archery (bāṇa, {mda'} ); (29) bows (dhanuḥ, {gzhu}); and (30) trials of strength (vikrama bala, {gyad stobs}).\nOn all these and related matters, see Jamgon Kongtrul TOK Book 6, Pt.1: 311–315.
bzo ldan|“Artistic,” the artistic one; Prince Puṇyabala’s brother who exemplifies craftsmanship.
bzo mngon par shes pa|A head merchant’s son.
bzo sbyangs gzugs can snying po|King of Magadha, the Buddha established him in the truth in Gayā. Also rendered here as “Śreṇiya Bimbisāra.”
bzo sbyangs gzugs can snying po|The king of Magadha and a great patron of the Buddha. In other sources he is simply called “King Bimbisāra.” There are several accounts of King Śreṇya Bimbisāra’s first meeting with the Buddha, early on when the latter was the wandering mendicant known as Gautama. Impressed by his conduct, Bimbisāra offered to take Gautama into his court, but Gautama refused, and Bimbisāra wished him success in in his quest for enlightenment and asked him to visit his palace after he had achieved his goal. One account of this episode can be found in the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-1157 of The Play in Full (Toh 95, Lalitavistara). There are other accounts where the two meet earlier on in childhood. Later, after the Buddha’s enlightenment, Bimbisāra became one of his most famous patrons and donated to his saṅgha the Kalandakanivāpa Bamboo Grove, which is the setting of the Bhava saṅkrānti sūtra and many other teachings.
bzo sbyangs|A wandering ascetic, uncle of Śāriputra, whose dialogue with the Buddha is mentioned in the long Prajñā pāramitā sūtras.
bzo sbyangs|Name of a mendicant (pari vrājaka).\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1154 .
bzo sbyangs|Lit. “Artisan Trainer.” A religious mendicant, a śrāvaka, who gained nirvāṇa by listening to this teaching on the perfection of wisdom. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-836 .
bzo sna tshogs stsogs pa|Name of a magician in a story Buddha tells; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
bzod 'khor sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
bzod dka'|A buddha.
bzod dka'|Buddha of the universe Marīci, located sixty-one universes away; mentioned also in other Mahāyāna sūtras, with the interesting coincidence that his teaching ceased at the moment Śākyamuni began teaching at Benares.
bzod pa dang des pa chen po dang ldan pa|Mahāvyutpatti 1115.
bzod pa gsum|The three types of forbearance needed on the spiritual path: (1) forbearance with regard to harms, (2) forbearance with regard to undertaking hardships, and (3) forbearance with regard to having confidence in the Dharma.
bzod pa mdzad|A buddha in the past. Note that there appear to be three distinct buddhas with the name Kṣemaṃkara as is listed at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5407 . See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5278 .
bzod pa rnyog pa med pa|Lit. “unblemished patience.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
bzod pa'i pha rol tu phyin pa|Third of the six transcendent perfections.
bzod pa'i sgron ma dpal|The ninety-fourth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS in verse: Kṣānti pradīpa śirī.
bzod pa'i stobs|Name of the Buddha Śākyamuni in a past life, when he was a sage practicing bodhisattva conduct.
bzod par dka' ba|Foretold as the son of a future King Mahendrasena of Kauśāmbī.\nNot to be confused with Mahendrasena of Videha in the Buddha’s time.
bzod par dka' ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas; one of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
bzod par dka'|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhasena.
bzod par smra ba|A sage who appears in the Jātakas.
bzod pa|Intellectual and spiritual readiness to accept certain tenets, such as the nonarising of phenomena or the law of karma. Also translated here as “patience.”
bzod pa|Third of the four aspects of the path of preparation, also translated here as “acceptance.” However, in the context of the transcendent perfections, tolerance is the third of the six transcendent perfections.
bzod pa|The capacity to accept or tolerate experiences which ordinary beings cannot tolerate. It is the preparatory step to profound insight into reality. It also refers to the third stage of the path of joining (prayogamārga, {sbyor lam}). It is also the third transcendent perfection, in which context it has been rendered here as patience.
bzod pa|On a mundane level, patience is said to be the cause for becoming beautiful in future lives, but it is also foundational to Buddhist practice and one of the six perfections of a bodhisattva. As such it can be classified into three modes: the capacity to tolerate abuse from sentient beings, to tolerate the hardships of the path to buddhahood, and to tolerate the profound nature of ultimate reality.
bzod pa|The third of the six transcendent perfections. As such it can be classified into three modes: the capacity to tolerate abuse from sentient beings, to tolerate the hardships of the path to buddhahood, and to tolerate the profound nature of reality. Regarding the Sanskrit term dharmakṣāṇti, it can refer either to a set of ways one becomes “receptive” to key points of the Dharma, or it can be an abbreviation of anutpattika dharma kṣāṇti, “receptivity to the unborn nature of phenomena.”
bzod pa|A term meaning acceptance, forebearance, or patience. As the third of the six transcendent perfections, patience is classified into three kinds: the capacity to tolerate abuse from sentient beings, to tolerate the hardships of the path to buddhahood, and to tolerate the profound nature of reality. As a term referring to a bodhisattva’s realization, the term dharmakṣāṇti ({chos la bzod pa}) can refer to ways one becomes “receptive” to the nature of Dharma, and can be an abbreviation of anutpattikadharmakṣāṇti, “receptivity to the unborn nature of phenomena.”
bzod|The third of the six transcendent perfections. As such it can be classified into three modes: the capacity to tolerate abuse from sentient beings, to tolerate the hardships of the path to buddhahood, and to tolerate the profound nature of reality. Regarding the Sanskrit term dharmakṣāṇti, it can refer either to a set of ways one becomes “receptive” to key points of the Dharma, or it can be an abbreviation of anutpattika dharma kṣāṇti, “receptivity to the unborn nature of phenomena.”
bzo|It refers to arts and crafts generally; in the context of this sūtra, it is also used to describe skill in arts and crafts, and has been also been rendered as such.
ca co ba|A river on Upward Ocean.
ca co med pa|Second of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
ca yang|A Chinese king. He is identified by Thomas (1935, p. 17) as the founder of the Qin dynasty: Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇; 259–210 bce).
cang shes pa|Meaning “thoroughbred horse,” the term is used here and in the introductory narratives of many sūtras as a metaphor for fearlessness.
cang skyer|Holarrhena pubescens.
cang te'u|A small hand drum.
cang te'u|A small two-headed drum played with one hand.
ce pog|Boswelia serrata Roxb, commonly known as Indian frankincense. (The Tibetan {ce pog} seems to be corrupted.)
cha byad mdzes|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
cha gnyis ldan|The third in the cycle of four eons.
cha shas|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
chab bzang yan lag brgyad ldan|Water that has the eight qualities of being sweet, cool, pleasant, light, clear, pure, not harmful to the throat, and beneficial for the stomach.
chad lta|The belief that nothing exists. One of two extremes of incorrect views.
chad pa spangs pa|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Excellent Glory Renowned for Virtue resides.
chad pa thog tu phebs pa|Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
chad pa'i gzungs ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
chad pa'i las|A generic name for disciplinary acts imposed by the saṅgha.
chad par lta ba|The view that causes (and thus actions) do not have effects, and that the self is the same as one (or all) of the psycho-physical aggregates (Skt. skandhas) and that it is destroyed at death; often mentioned together with wrong view of eternalism. Also often translated as “nihilism.”
chad par lta ba|The second of two extreme views that keep one deluded with regard to reality. Nihilism is a view equally based on clinging to a truly existent essence called 'self.' It is the belief that once this self ends with death, everything associated with it ends. It therefore rejects rebirth and the law of karma, or cause and effect.
chad pa|A belief that something may arise without any causes and conditions, that actions have no consequences, etc.
chags bral gti mug med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jagadīśvara.
chags dang bral bar gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vasuśreṣṭha.
chags med blo|Mother of the buddha Manojñavākya.
chags med gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇigaṇa.
chags med gti mug med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Roca.
chags med nga ro|A bodhisattva.
chags med rnam par grol|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anuttarajñānin.
chags med rtog spong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
chags med sems|Attendant of the buddha Vimuktacūḍa.
chags med spobs pa brtsegs|Attendant of the buddha Devarāja.
chags med stobs mnga'|A buddha in the distant past.
chags med|Father of the buddha Priyacandra.
chags med|Attendant of the buddha Priya cakṣurvaktra.
chags med|The 619th buddha in the first list, 618th in the second list, and 611th in the third list.
chags myed dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chags pa med mdzod|The 584th buddha in the first list, 583rd in the second list, and 577th in the third list.
chags pa med pa'i blo|A bodhisattva.
chags pa med pa'i gzungs|Higher kind of dhāraṇī that involves remembering every syllable of teachings heard. This kind of dhāraṇī can only be possessed by advanced bodhisattvas.
chags pa med pa'i mi 'jigs pa brtsegs pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chags pa med pa'i mig|A bodhisattva.
chags pa med pa'i mtha' dang ldan pa'i blo can|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
chags pa med pa'i mtha' las nges par 'byung ba'i blo can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ojastejas.
chags pa med pa'i sems|Father of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
chags pa med pa'i sems|A bodhisattva in a western realm.
chags pa med pa'i sgo 'jug pa|The name of a dhāraṇī.
chags pa med pa'i sgor 'jug pa|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
chags pa med pa'i sgra|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suraśmi.
chags pa med pa'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśaḥkīrti.
chags pa med par gnas pa la mkhas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Indrama.
chags pa med par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vibhakta jñā svara.
chags pa med pa|Attendant of the buddha Vajrasaṃhata.
chags pa mi mnga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
chags pa myed pa'i blo|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chags pa myed pa'i dpal gyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva from a northern buddha realm.
chags pa myed pa'i myig|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chags pa thams cad las rnam par grol ba|Lit. “free from all attachments.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chags pa|Here seemingly in connection with {'dod chags}, or desire, one of the three root poisons.
chags pa|In this text, attachment is one of the three factors at odds with the true Dharma because it impedes generosity and thus destroys merit.
chang 'bab chu bo|A river in Enjoyment of Scents.
chang ba rnams kyis btung ba|A class of vidyādharas.
chang chu ltar 'bab pa|A river in Supreme Splendor.
chang chub sems dpa'i stobs nye bar ston pa|The name of a light.
chang ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
chang zhim po'i tshal|A forest in Moving on Springy Ground.
char 'bebs|One of the grahas.
char 'bebs|A virtuous nāga king.
char chen spyod|A nāga king.
char dang char gyi rjes su 'byung ba'i chu klung|A river on Saṅkāśa.
char dga'|One of the seven golden mountains that surround Mount Sumeru.
char ka nag po|Sometimes called simply Udāyin, he was also known as Black Udāyin, as in this text, because of his dark skin. He was the son of the court priest in Kapilavastu, the Buddha’s hometown.
char mi 'bab pa na sprin gyis kun du 'gebs pa|A tathāgata.
char pa'i bar chad byed pa lnga|Five conditions that prevent timely rainfall. In a discourse in Chinese translation, the Discourse on the Arising of Worlds (Qishi jing 起世經, T. 24, 1:349b1-c14), these are given as: (1) The asura king Rāhula emerges from his palace, gathers the rain clouds in both hands, and hurls them into the ocean; (2) The power of the fire element increases, causing the rain clouds to dissipate; (3) The power of the wind element increases, blowing the rain clouds into the desert or the wilderness; (4) The spirits responsible for causing rainfall become derelict in their duties, and thus the rain clouds dissipate without releasing rain; (5) The majority of people in Jambudvīpa become mired in affliction and desire and engage in unethical conduct, so the heavens refuse to send down rain.
char rgyun|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
char sprin gyi sprin|A tathāgata.
cha|Digit of the moon refers to the light of a lightning.
che bar grags|A certain yakṣa, a friend of the Buddha.
ched du brjod pa'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
ched du brjod pa'i sde|Fifth of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
ched du brjod pa'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
ched du brjod pa'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
ched du brjod pa|A verse text possibly included in the lost Kṣudraka piṭaka of the Mūla sarvāstivādins.
ched du brjod pa|A formal mode of expression on a religious topic, often referring to one of the twelve divisions of the Buddhist scriptures.
ched du brjod pa|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means teachings that were not given in response to a request.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
chen mo nyid|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
chen po byin|Attendant of the buddha Arajas.
chen po bzhi|The four “main” or “great” outer elements of earth, water, fire, air, and (when there is a fifth) space.
chen po pa|One of Upananda’s two novices whose homoerotic play led the Buddha to forbid allowing two novices to live together.
chen po rab tu 'bab pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
chen po stobs chen|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
chen po stong pa nyid|Fifth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
chen po stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
chen po stong pa nyid|The emptiness of the space containing all domains, objects, and locations.
chen po|A river.
cher 'bigs pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
cher 'byung ba|A world realm in the distant past.
cher bkod pa|The name of the universe in the distant past where the Buddha Bhaiṣajyarāja presided, and taught the prince Chandracchattra about the Dharma-worship (in the Epilogue).
cher bsgyings|A bodhisattva.
cher bsgyings|An absorption.
cher dkar ba|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
cher sgrogs|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
cher snang|A bodhisattva.
ches gzhon pa|An exemplar is one who has one or another of the twenty-one sets of five qualities given in “The Chapter on Going Forth.”
chi med rtogs pa'i me tog 'od zer can|A buddha.
cho 'phrul gsum|The three miracles are enumerated in Kimura VI–VIII: 49 as the miracle of possessing magical abilities (ṛddhi prāti hārya, {rdzu 'phrul gyi cho 'phrul}), the miracle of revelation (ā deśanā prāti hārya, {yongs su bstan pa'i cho 'phrul}), and the miracle of instruction (anu śāsana prāti hārya, {rjes su bstan pa'i cho 'phrul}). See also Conze (1975): 476, who interprets revelation as the knowledge of others’ thoughts. Nordrang Orgyan (2008): 231 additionally lists three alternative enumerations.
cho 'phrul gyi phyogs|A sacred day; an ancient festival, not now kept. A special period of religious observance. Pali pāṭihāriyapakkha.
cho 'phrul gyi zla phyed|A bright fortnight that is particularly auspicious; this term is used frequently, but the exact meaning is elusive.
cho 'phrul rnam pa gsum|The three sorts of miraculous powers, as found in Bṭ3 703https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3808.html: “(1) the miracles of meditative stabilization, (2) wonder-working miracles, and (3) dharma-illuminating miracles. Among them, the miracles of meditative stabilization are twofold based on two meditative stabilizations: the miracles of the meditative stabilization called the samādhirāja meditative stabilization, and the miracles of the meditative stabilization called siṃhavikrīḍita. There are also two wonder-working miracles: wonder-working by magically creating [a great tower out of flowers], and wonder-working by sustaining [it up in the air and so on]. And there are two dharma-illuminating miracles as well: the miracle of teaching in [many] world systems, and the miracle of assembling a retinue.”
cho ga bzang zhes snang|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
cho ga dga'|Attendant of the buddha Raśmi.
cho ga mkhyen|The 826th buddha in the first list, 825th in the second list, and 815th in the third list.
cho ga zhib mo'i rgyal po|Literally “king of rites,” the term can refer to an actual ritual or a ritual text, such as the AP.
cho ga|A ritual or a rite; in our presentation it is translated as “ritual” when it refers to a group or a cycle of rites, and as “rite” when it refers to an individual rite (the distinction, however, is blurred). The term can also refer to a text that is a collection of rites, such as the AP, in the sense of a manual of rites.
chog shes yon tan gzi brjid 'od|Attendant of the buddha Saṃtoṣaṇa.
chom rkun ma|One of the female deities in the retinue of Hevajra.
chom rkun par grags pa|One of the classes of people barred from joining the renunciate order.
choms med|The 230th buddha in the first list, 229th in the second list, and 229th in the third list.
chos 'bar ba'i 'od 'phro rgya mtsho'i dbyangs|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos 'byung|A bodhisattva.
chos 'dod|A prince.
chos 'dod|A god of the Bodhi tree.
chos 'dod|Son of the buddha Maṇicandra.
chos 'dod|One of the thousand sons of Māra, the evil one.
chos 'dod|A brahmin boy; one of the past lives of Śākyamuni.
chos 'dod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhahanu.
chos 'dul ba|The teachings on monastic discipline, contained in the four main sections of the vinaya canon.
chos 'dul ba|An early term used to denote the Buddha’s teaching. “Dharma” refers to the sūtras and “Vinaya” to the rules of discipline.
chos 'dul ba|The name for the canon of monastic discipline recorded in the Tripiṭaka, of the vows and commitments enshrined therein, and of the practice of that discipline. Also rendered here as “monastic discipline.”
chos 'dzin dbyangs bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Tiṣya.
chos 'dzin|Name of a tathāgata.
chos 'dzin|The ninety-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
chos 'dzin|One of the four kings of the kinnaras. He is present at the teaching of the sūtra.
chos 'od rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
chos 'od sprin gyi grong khyer dpal|A world realm in the distant past in the form given in verse. In prose it is called Dharmārci nagara meghā.
chos 'od|Son of the buddha Ratnakrama.
chos 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Atiyaśas.
chos 'phags kyi snying po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
chos 'phags|One of the eight yakṣa generals.
chos 'phags|A bodhisattva from King of Splendor’s buddha realm.
chos 'phags|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
chos 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Madhura svara rāja.
chos 'phags|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī. Also the seventy-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
chos 'phags|A great bodhisattva, residing in a divine city called Gandhavatī, who teaches the Prajñāpāramitā three times a day. He is known for becoming the teacher of the bodhisattva Sadāprarudita, who decides to sell his flesh and blood in order to make offerings to him and receive his teachings. This story is told in this sūtra in chapters 85 and 86. It can also be found quoted in several works, such as The Words of My Perfect Teacher (kun bzang bla ma’i zhal lung) by Patrul Rinpoche.
chos 'phag|A great bodhisattva.
chos 'phag|Father of the buddha Pradyota.
chos 'phag|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candra.
chos bla ma|The name of a thus-gone one in the future.
chos brtan rab tu gnas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmacandra.
chos brtan|Son of the buddha Kusumaraśmi.
chos brtan|The 323rd buddha in the first list, 322nd in the second list, and 317th in the third list.
chos brtsegs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Marudyaśas.
chos brtsegs|The 633rd buddha in the first list, 632nd in the second list, and 625th in the third list.
chos byin ma|Daughter of King Prasenajit’s minister Dinna, betrothed to Viśākha. She achieved the state of a non-returner and displayed miracles at her wedding, receiving permission from her betrothed and his family to forgo marriage and go forth. Quite beautiful, as a novice she was threatened by lustful would-be suitors. Her predicament led to the Buddha permitting full ordination of nuns by message.
chos byin|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chos bzang 'dun sa|The dome-shaped assembly hall where Indra teaches the Dharma located on the southwest side of Mount Meru.
chos bzang na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
chos bzang sprin 'od|The bodhimaṇḍa of the Buddha Sūrya gātra pravara in another world in the distant past, as given in verse. In prose it is called Dharma meghodgata prabhā.
chos bzangs|A buddha realm.
chos bzangs|King Vīradatta’s garden.
chos bzangs|Father of the buddha Matimat.
chos bzangs|Son of the buddha Siṃhahasta.
chos bzangs|Mother of the buddha Nāgakrama.
chos bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Askhalita buddhi.
chos bzang|An assembly hall located in the southwest of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
chos bzang|Name of hall where the gods of the thirty-three assemble to listen to the Dharma.
chos bzang|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jaya.
chos bzang|The name of the assembly hall of the gods of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, located on the southwest side of Mount Meru, where Śakra teaches the Dharma.
chos bzang|A Mahābrahmā in the southern direction at the time of Buddha Mahābhijñā jñānābhi bhū. Also one of the four kings of the kinnaras, present at the teaching of the sūtra.
chos bzang|The assembly hall in the center of Sudarśana, the city in the Trāyastriṃśa (“Thirty-three”) paradise, which has a central throne for Indra/Śakra and thirty-two thrones arranged to its right and left for the other thirty-two devas that make up the epnoymous thirty-three devas of Indra’s paradise. Indra’s own palace is to the north of this assembly hall.
chos bzhi|In this sūtra, these are taught as conviction, faith, regret, and reverence—whoever possesses these four will clearly see the Tathāgata.
chos bzhi|Teaching the Practice of the Bodhisattva lists these four as 1) knowing the Dharma; 2) awakening; 3) the Thus-Gone One; and 4) liberation.
chos can ma|Mother of the buddha Śrīdeva.
chos can|Attendant of the buddha Ghoṣasvara.
chos can|Son of the buddha Askhalita buddhi.
chos can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samṛddha.
chos can|One half of a two-headed bird, the half that was the Buddha in a former life.
chos chen|One of the four kinnara kings.
chos dag snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Bodhidhvaja.
chos dam pa'i phyag rgya|Name of the fifty-sixth meditative stability.
chos dam pa'i phyag rgya|Lit. “holy dharma seal.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos dbang phyug|The 877th buddha in the first list, 876th in the second list, and 867th in the third list.
chos dbang rgyal po|A bodhisattva present with the Buddha at Śrāvastī (translated as {chos kyi dbang po'i rgyal po}), and also the name of two buddhas in the distant past (translated as {chos dbang rgyal po}).
chos dbang|The hundred-and-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
chos dbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Satyarāśi.
chos dbyings dbyangs kyi dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
chos dbyings me tog|The twentieth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
chos dbyings rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
chos dbyings tshul gyi ye shes stabs|The eighty-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
chos dbyings|The condition of phenomena as they truly are, undistorted by conceptual thinking.
chos dbyings|The non-conceptual, boundless field (dhātu) in which all phenomena (dharma) appear. A term for ultimate reality.
chos dbyings|Dharma-dhātu is a synonym for emptiness or the ultimate nature of phenomena (dharmatā). This term is interpreted variously‍—given the many connotations of dharma/{chos}—as the sphere, element, or nature of phenomena, suchness, or truth. In this text it is used with this general, Mahāyāna sense, not to be confused with dharma constituent (Tib. {chos kyi khams}), also called in Sanskrit dharma dhātu, which is one of the eighteen constituents. See also “dharma constituent.”
chos dga'|Attendant of the buddha Dhyānarata.
chos dga'|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chos dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa.
chos dpal 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Praśāntadoṣa.
chos dpal blo|The eighty-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. The syllable {dpal} appears to actually belong to the previous name in the list of buddhas, Smṛti ketu rāja śri.
chos dpal|Son of the buddha Jñānavara.
chos dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Aṅgaja.
chos dri ma med pa'i ri bo ye shes kyi rtse mo'i 'od|A buddha in the distant past.
chos dri ma med pa'i zla ba|A bodhisattva.
chos gdugs|The 617th buddha in the first list, 616th in the second list, and 609th in the third list.
chos gnas pa nyid|Mahāvyutpatti 1719.
chos gnas pa nyid|A synonym for emptiness, and the expanse of reality (dharmadhātu).
chos gnas pa nyid|Like “dharma-constituent” (dharmadhātu) and “true nature of dharmas” (dharmatā), a name for the ultimate.
chos gnas|Mother of the buddha Amitalocana.
chos gos gsum|The upper robe, under robe, and mantle of a monk.
chos gos gsum|These include the outer robe ({bla gos}), the lower robe ({mthang gos}), and the monk’s shawl ({snam sbyar}).
chos gos|The religious robes of monastics.
chos gos|The upper robe of a Buddhist monk.
chos gos|In common parlance, this denotes the patched, yellow upper robe worn by renunciates.
chos grags dpal bzang po|One of the two Tibetan translators of this scripture.
chos grags rgya mtsho'i dbyangs|The thus-gone one residing the buddhafield Victory Banner of the Dharma.
chos grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
chos grags|The 339th buddha in the first list, 338th in the second list, and 333rd in the third list.
chos gsal|A monk of a previous buddha.
chos gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Arthamati.
chos gsum|Object, sense faculty, and consciousness.
chos gtso|Attendant of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
chos kyi 'byung gnas|Son of the buddha Dānaprabha.
chos kyi 'byung gnas|Father of the buddha Dharmadatta.
chos kyi 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyadhvaja.
chos kyi 'byung gnas|The 151st buddha in the first list, 151st in the second list, and 150th in the third list.
chos kyi 'byung gnas|The eighth Tai Situpa in the Karma Kagyü tradition (1700−1777), he oversaw the creation of the Degé Kangyur.
chos kyi 'byung gnas|The universal matrix represented as a triangle or two interlocking triangles; in the tantric viśuddhi (pure correspondences) system, it corresponds to the triangular area between a woman’s legs.
chos kyi 'byung nas|A buddha.
chos kyi 'byung nas|A great bodhisattva.
chos kyi 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jaya.
chos kyi 'khor lo bskor ba'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
chos kyi 'khor lo bskor ba|This metaphor refers to the promulgation of the Buddhist teachings by the Buddha who is recognized to have promulgated three sequential “turnings of the wheel.” The association with the concept of a wheel derives from a comparison with the “wheel of sharp weapons” said to be held in the hand of a universal monarch. Within the context‌ of this comparison the sacred teachings are composed of ethical discipline (the central axis), analytic wisdom or discriminative awareness (the sharp spokes), and meditative concentration (the stabilising perimeter).
chos kyi 'khor lo rab tu 'bar ba'i gzi brjid rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi 'khor lo rnam pa bcu gnyis|The classification of all aspects of Buddha’s teachings into twelve types: sūtra, geya, vyākaraṇa, gāthā, udāna, nidāna, avadāna, itivṛttaka, jātaka, vaipulya, adbhutadharma, and upadeśa (see individual terms).\nRespectively, the sūtras, literally “threads,” does not mean entire texts as in the general meaning of sūtra but the prose passages within texts; the geyas are the verse versions of preceding prose passages; the vyākaraṇas are prophecies; the gāthās are stand-alone verses; the udānas are teachings not given in response to a request; the nidānas are the introductory sections; the avadānas are accounts of the previous lives of individuals who were alive at the time of the Buddha; the itivṛttakas are biographies of buddhas and bodhisattvas in the past; the jātakas are the Buddha’s accounts of his own previous lifetimes; the vaipulyas are teachings that expand upon a certain subject; the adbhutadharmas are descriptions of miracles; and the upadeśas are explanations of terms and categories.
chos kyi 'khor lo sprul pa kun tu snang ba'i dbyangs|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi 'khor lo zla bas 'phags pa'i dpal|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi 'khor lo'i 'od rab tu bsgrags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi 'khor lo'i sgra nam mkha'i sprin gyi sgron ma rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past. In verse he is called Saddharma ghoṣāmbara dīpa rāja.
chos kyi 'khor lo'i ye shes kun tu snang ba'i rgyal po|A buddha in a southwestern realm.
chos kyi 'khor los sprul pa'i 'od|A bhikṣuṇī in another world in the distant past. A previous life of the night goddess Sarva nagara rakṣā saṃbhava tejaḥ śrī.
chos kyi 'khor lo|Deity personifying the Tathāgata’s Dharma wheel.
chos kyi 'khor lo|The name of the energy center (cakra) in the heart.
chos kyi 'khor lo|When a buddha gives his first teaching he “sets in motion the Wheel of Dharma;” just like a monarch with exceptional merit sets in motion a magical wheel that easily subdues all his enemies.
chos kyi 'od 'phro ba dang ldan pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva in a southeastern realm.
chos kyi 'od 'phro ba'i grong khyer dpal gyi sprin|A world realm in the distant past. In verse it is called Dharmārci megha nagara.
chos kyi 'od 'phro ri bo dpal gyi rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi 'od 'phro ri bo dpal|The seventeenth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Dharmārci parvata śirī.
chos kyi 'od zer gyi sku'i pad mo shin tu rgyas pa|Lotus Body Blooming from the Light of the Dharma is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Duratikramā.
chos kyi 'od zer me tog rab tu rgyas pa'i sku|Flower Body Blooming from the Light of the Dharma is a buddha who inhabits a buddhafield. Buddhas with similar names are said to inhabit the buddhafield Duratikramā (Difficult to Transcend) (Tib. {'da' bar dka' ba}) in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-37.html#UT22084-036-008-61 and http://read.84000.co/translation/toh104.html#UT22084-048-004-75
chos kyi 'od zer rab tu rgyas pa'i sku|A buddha.
chos kyi 'od zer rab tu rgyas pa'i sku|Dharma raśmi prajvalitagātra (Body of Blazing Dharma Light) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Duratikramā.
chos kyi 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos kyi 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
chos kyi 'od|The name of the thirty-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
chos kyi 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṅgalin.
chos kyi 'od|The 199th buddha in the first list, 198th in the second list, and 198th in the third list.
chos kyi 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratimaṇḍita locana (170 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi bkod pa|Attendant of the buddha Maṇivyūha.
chos kyi bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Anantavikrāmin.
chos kyi bla ma|Mother of the buddha Anihata.
chos kyi bla ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Dharma.
chos kyi blo gros ma|Mother of the buddha Arciṣmat.
chos kyi blo gros zla ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
chos kyi blo gros|Mother of the buddha Priyaketu.
chos kyi blo gros|The 413th buddha in the first list, 412th in the second list, and 406th in the third list.
chos kyi blo gros|One of the eight sons of Candra sūrya pradīpa. Also one of the translators of the Lotus Sūtra into Chinese.
chos kyi blo gros|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Caraṇaprasanna (865 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi blo|Son of the buddha Indradhvaja.
chos kyi bshes gnyen|Ninth-century Indian author.
chos kyi bstan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmacandra.
chos kyi bzod pa|Shorthand for anutpattika dharma kṣānti, “acceptance of the nonorigination of phenomena,” its realization being one of the qualities acquired by bodhisattvas. Dharmakṣanti can also refer to a way one becomes “receptive” to key points of the Dharma.
chos kyi cho 'phrul|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Merukūṭa.
chos kyi dbang phyug gi rgyal po|The name of a bodhisattva. One of the more prominent interlocutors in The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata, he is instrumental in instigating the Buddha’s discourse.
chos kyi dbang phyug ma|Mother of the buddha Laḍitāgragāmin.
chos kyi dbang phyug|A king in the distant past.
chos kyi dbang phyug|Mother of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
chos kyi dbang phyug|Attendant of the buddha Merukūṭa.
chos kyi dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
chos kyi dbang phyug|The 106th buddha in the first list, 106th in the second list, and 107th in the third list.
chos kyi dbang phyug|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Daśavaśa (362 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present with the Buddha at Śrāvastī (translated as {chos kyi dbang po'i rgyal po}), and also the name of two buddhas in the distant past (translated as {chos dbang rgyal po}).
chos kyi dbye|A Buddhist hermitage, or monastery, located in the Magadha kingdom.
chos kyi dbyig ri bo snang ba'i phung po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi dbyings 'od 'phro zhing rnam par snang bar byung ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in a realm in the downward direction.
chos kyi dbyings 'od gzer mtha' yas pas yongs su brgyan pa'i chos kyi rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi dbyings kun tu rgyas pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos kyi dbyings kyi dkyil 'khor|In this text, the term may refer to the dharmadhātu generically, or it may be the name of the specific maṇḍala associated with Dharmadhātu Vāgīśvara Mañjuśrī, the first of the seven principal maṇḍalas of the Mañjuśrī nāma saṅgīti (http://read.84000.co/translation/toh360.html).
chos kyi dbyings kyi grong khyer ye shes kyi 'od kyis rab tu snang ba'i rgyal po|The last of a series of countless buddhas in a past kalpa. The form of his name in prose. In verse he is called Dharma megha nagarābha pradīpa rāja.
chos kyi dbyings kyi gzhi tha dad pa'i dpal gyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva in a southeastern realm.
chos kyi dbyings kyi seng ge'i 'od|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi dbyings kyi sgra dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
chos kyi dbyings kyi smon lam gyi gzhi rab tu rtogs pa|A bodhisattva from a realm in the downward direction.
chos kyi dbyings kyi ye shes sgron ma|A buddha in a western realm.
chos kyi dbyings kyi ye shes|One of the five wisdoms corresponding to the tathāgata in the centre of the maṇḍala (in the CMT it is the buddha Akṣobhya).
chos kyi dbyings kyi yul gyi blo gros zla ba|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi dbyings kyis klas pa|Mahāvyutpatti 6429.
chos kyi dbyings las byung ba'i rin po che thams cad kyi yal ga dang lhun du ldan pa|A bodhi tree in the distant past, the name of which means “Having Trunk and Branches of All Jewels That Appear in the Realm of Phenomena.”
chos kyi dbyings las nges par 'byung ba|Lit. “come forth from the dharma-constituent.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos kyi dbyings nam mkha' kun nas snang ba'i cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos kyi dbyings nam mkha' mdzod spus yongs su rgyas pa'i rtse mo dpal gyi sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi dbyings nam mkha'i dpal rnam par snang ba|A buddha in a northern buddha realm.
chos kyi dbyings nam mkha'i gzugs brnyan gyi sprin|An ocean of world realms in the eastern direction.
chos kyi dbyings ni gzugs brnyan dpal|The sixty-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Dharma dhātu pratibhāsa śiri.
chos kyi dbyings rab tu snang ba'i 'od|An assembly hall of the bodhisattvas.
chos kyi dbyings snang ba'i blo gros cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos kyi dbyings snang ba'i nor bu'i cod pan|A bodhisattva.
chos kyi dbyings su nges pa|Lit. “certainty in the dharma-constituent.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos kyi dbyings su shin tu 'phrul ba'i smon lam zla ba|A bodhisattva from a northeastern realm. Also known as Dharma dhātu praṇidhi sunirmita candra rāja.
chos kyi dbyings su smon lam rab tu 'phrul ba'i zla ba'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva from a northeastern realm. Also known as Dharma dhātu sunirmita praṇidhi candra.
chos kyi dbyings su snang ba'i blo|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos kyi dbyings thams cad rgyas par 'gengs pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
chos kyi dbyings|A synonym for emptiness, the ultimate reality, or the ultimate nature of things. This term is interpreted variously due to the many different meanings of dharma ({chos}) as element, phenomena, reality, truth, and/or the teaching.
chos kyi dbyings|Defined in the commentary as the ultimate nature of phenomena, or as the supreme amongst phenomena. Also defined as the essence of the Dharma. Dhātu can be used to mean an essential element or a realm, and so dharmadhātu is also used to mean “the realm of phenomena,” meaning all phenomena. Also translated here as “essence of phenomena.”
chos kyi dbyings|This term is interpreted variously—given the many connotations of both dharma and dhātu—as the sphere, element, or nature, of phenomena, reality, or truth. In this text it is used with this general, Mahāyāna sense, not to be confused with its rather different meaning in the Abhidharma as one of the twelve sense sources (āyatana) and eighteen elements (dhātu) related to mental perception.
chos kyi dbyings|Dharma-dhātu is a synonym for emptiness or the ultimate nature of phenomena (dharmatā). This term is interpreted variously‍—given the many connotations of dharma/{chos}—as the sphere, element, or nature of phenomena, suchness, or truth. In this text it is used with this general, Mahāyāna sense, not to be confused with dharma constituent (Tib. {chos kyi khams}), also called in Sanskrit dharma dhātu, which is one of the eighteen constituents. See also “dharma constituent.”
chos kyi dbyings|A synonym for emptiness or the ultimate nature of reality (dharmatā). This term is interpreted variously—given the many connotations of dharma/{chos}—as the sphere, element, or nature of phenomena, reality, or truth. In this text it is used with this general, Mahāyāna sense, not to be confused with its rather different meaning in the Abhidharma as one of the twelve sense fields (Skt. āyatana) and eighteen elements (Skt. dhātu), and comprising all objects of mental perception.
chos kyi dbyings|This compound is actually metaphorical in sense, with (at least) two interpretations possible because of ambiguities in the word dhātu. Dhātu as in the expression kāmadhātu (desire-realm), may mean “realm”; or it may mean “element,” as in the eighteen elements (see entry), where it is explained as analogous to a mineral such as copper. Thus the realm of the Dharma is the dharmakāyā, the pure source and sphere of the Dharma. And the element of the Dharma is like a mine from which the verbal Dharma, the buddha-qualities, and the wisdoms of the arhats and bodhisattvas are culled. This is metaphorical, as Vimalakīrti would remind us, because the Dharma, the ultimate, is ultimately not a particular place; it is immanent in all places, being the actuality and ultimate condition of all things and being relatively no one thing except, like voidness, the supremely beneficent of concepts.
chos kyi dbying|The field or nature of ultimate reality.
chos kyi dbying|The “sphere of dharmas,” a synonym for the nature of things.
chos kyi dkyil 'khor dpal gyi ri bo snang ba'i 'od|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi dkyil 'khor gyi 'od rab tu snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3582 .
chos kyi dkyil 'khor na bun sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi dkyil 'khor snang ba|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos kyi dpal|A bodhisattva present with the Buddha at Śrāvastī, and also the name of a buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Dharmaśiri.
chos kyi dra ba rnam par sangs rgyas pa'i dpal gyi zla ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi dung|One of the eight auspicious emblems. As a musical instrument, the conch is blown like a trumpet, and throughout India’s history it has been a symbol of power, authority, and auspicious beginnings. In Buddhism, the Dharma conch has been variously described to represent the Buddha’s speech, his thought or intention ({dgongs}), or the sound of his teachings—in essence the Dharma itself. The sound of blowing the Dharma conch awakens beings from their sleep of delusion and ignorance.
chos kyi gaN dI|A gong, or a wooden block or beam, sounded to call the community together for a teaching or other assembly.
chos kyi gdugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Saṃjaya (502 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
chos kyi grong khyer rab tu snang ba'i dpal|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi gzhal med khang gi dbyangs kyi rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi gzi brjid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samṛddha (468 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi khams|The domain of mental objects.
chos kyi khams|Seventeenth of the eighteen sensory elements
chos kyi khams|One of the eighteen constituents, referring to mental phenomena.
chos kyi lha|Father of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
chos kyi lha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Toṣaṇa (452 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi lta|Birthplace of the buddha Madhura svara rāja.
chos kyi lus|Distinct from the rūpakāya or “form body” of a buddha. In origin it was a term for the presence of the Dharma, which would continue after the Buddha’s passing. It also came to refer to someone who was an embodiment of the Dharma, and also the eternal, imperceptible realization of a buddha, and therefore became synonymous with the true nature. In the context of the teaching of the three kāyas of a buddha, only the term dharmakāya ({chos kyi sku}), rather than dharmaśarīra, ({chos kyi lus}) was used.
chos kyi mar me skar mda'|Son of the buddha Smṛtīndra.
chos kyi mchog ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṃgava.
chos kyi mdo bzhi|“All conditioned things are impermanent; all conditioned things are suffering; all phenomena are selfless; and nirvāṇa is peace.”
chos kyi mdo bzhi|The main topic of this sūtra; known also in Tibetan by the synonym {bka' rtags kyi phyag rgya bzhi} (“the four seals of the [Buddha’s] teaching”), in Sanskrit caturmudrā (“the four seals”) or dṛṣṭi nimitta mudrā (“the seals that are the marks of the [Buddhist] view”).
chos kyi mdzod|Attendant of the buddha Anihata.
chos kyi me tog dpal gyi rgyal mtshan gyi sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi me tog|Mother of the buddha Bodhyaṅgapuṣpa.
chos kyi me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇatejoraśmi (758 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi mig pa|Literally “Dharma eye,” this term refers to different, advanced modes of insight into the nature of reality.
chos kyi mig|This term refers to an advanced mode of insight into the nature of reality.
chos kyi mig|The capacity of awakened beings to comprehend the inherent truth of impermanence.
chos kyi mig|Fourth of the five eyes. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1119 .
chos kyi mig|One of the five eyes: (1) the eye of flesh, (2) the eye of clairvoyance, (3) the eye of discernment, (4) the eye of the doctrine, and (5) the eye of the buddhas.
chos kyi mig|One of the “five eyes,” representing superior insights of the buddhas and bodhisattvas. The five eyes consist of five different faculties of vision: the physical eye (Skt. māṃsacakṣus), the divine eye (Skt. divyacakṣus), the wisdom eye (Skt. prajñācakṣus), the Dharma eye (Skt. dharmacakṣus), and the Buddha eye (Skt. buddhacakṣus).
chos kyi mthu rtsal|Son of the buddha Śrīgupta.
chos kyi mthu rtsal|The 642nd buddha in the first list, 641st in the second list, and 633rd in the third list.
chos kyi mtshan nyid|The defining characteristics (lakṣaṇa) of phenomena (dharma). The term lakṣaṇa is used in a variety of contexts to indicates the primary characteristic or defining feature of any particular phenomena; for instance the lakṣaṇa of fire is that it is hot and burning.
chos kyi nam mkha' la dpal shin tu 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi nam mkha' la seng ge'i 'od shin tu mdzes pa|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi nam mkha' mngon 'phags rgyal po|A buddha of the distant past.
chos kyi nam mkha' sgrib pa med pa'i 'od|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi nam mkha' sgron ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Palmyra Trees Reaching the Sky/ Fully-Adorned Sky.
chos kyi nga ro mchog ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kathendra.
chos kyi nor bu|The 325th buddha in the first list, 324th in the second list, and 319th in the third list.
chos kyi nyi ma dpal gyi sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi nyi ma'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos kyi nyi ma'i sprin rab tu snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi pad mo dpal gyi dkyil 'khor|A body goddess.
chos kyi phung po|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānarāśi.
chos kyi phung po|Collections of the Buddha’s teachings.
chos kyi phyag rgya bzhi|The four are as follows: All compounded things are impermanent (anityāḥ sarva saṃskārāḥ). All defiled things are suffering (duḥkhāh sarva sāsravāḥ). All things are without self (anātmanāḥ sarva dharmāḥ). Nirvāṇa is peace (śāntaṃ nirvāṇaṃ). Also called “the four insignia of the Dharma.”
chos kyi phyag rgya'i snying po|A bodhisattva.
chos kyi phyogs su yang dag par gzhol ba'i snying po|A kūṭāgāra that miraculously appears in a lotus, within which is the Buddha’s mother.
chos kyi ra li|The deity Aralli when he is associated with the origination of phenomena.
chos kyi rgya mtsho 'od dbyangs rgyal po|The first of countless buddhas in a past kalpa. The form of his name as given in verse. In prose he is called Sarva dharma sāgara nirghoṣa prabha rāja.
chos kyi rgya mtsho blo gros ye shes dpal|The ninetieth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Dharma samudra mati jñāna śiri.
chos kyi rgya mtsho dbyangs kyi blo gros|The fifty-seventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
chos kyi rgya mtsho shugs drag dpal gyi rgyal|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyi rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Dharma pradīpākṣa.
chos kyi rgyal mtshan|The buddhafield of the Thus-Gone One Dharmakīrtisāgaraghoṣa.
chos kyi rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Adbhutayaśas.
chos kyi rgyal mtshan|The 764th buddha in the first list, 763rd in the second list, and 753rd in the third list.
chos kyi rgyal mtshan|Dharmadhvaja (Dharma Banner) is a buddha who inhabits a buddhafield. This buddhafield is specifically said to be Virajā (Dustless) in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-37.html#UT22084-036-008-68 and http://read.84000.co/translation/toh104.html#UT22084-048-004-83
chos kyi rgyal mtshan|The name of four different buddhas in the distant past. They are mentioned, separately, at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3068 , https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3110 , https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3353 , and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-4740 .
chos kyi rgyal po gshin rje|The Lord of Death in both Buddhist and Hindu traditions, Yama is said to uphold the Dharma by reviewing the karma of the dead and thereby determining their next rebirth.
chos kyi rgyal po'i pho brang rab tu snang ba|A bodhimaṇḍa in another world in the distant past.
chos kyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
chos kyi rgyal po|Literally “Dharma King” In this text the term is used as an epithet for Yama, the Lord of Death, who judges the dead and rules over the hells.
chos kyi ri bo rgyal mtshan sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi rjes su 'brang ba|Someone who follows his or her goal according to the teaching of the sūtras and so forth.
chos kyi rjes su 'brang ba|According to the Mahāyāna, one of the seven types of noble beings (āryapudgala), and also one of the twenty types of members of the saṅgha (viṃśatiprabhedasaṃgha).
chos kyi rjes su lta ba dran pa nye bar gzhag|One of the four types of presence of recollection.
chos kyi rjes su lta ba'i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|Fourth of the four applications of mindfulness. For a description, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-953 .
chos kyi rnam grangs|A teaching of the Dharma.
chos kyi rnam grangs|An explication of the Dharma.
chos kyi rnam grangs|This may refer to the entire text of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī or to a section dealing with a particular dhāraṇī.
chos kyi rnam grangs|Here referring to the dhāraṇī enshrined in a stūpa, the term is understood to refer to a condensed digest of the Buddha’s doctrine.
chos kyi rnam grangs|In Buddhism, lit. “method” or “means of teaching the doctrine,” denoting both the ways of teaching the dharma as well as the dharma discourse itself.
chos kyi rnam grangs|The word paryāya regularly has the sense of “method,” “procedure,” “approach,” but here it is simply “Dharma teaching,” “Dharma discourse,” or more literally, “approach to the Dharma.” The Chinese fa men (lit. “door to the Dharma”) conveys the sense of “access/approach” and by extension, “teaching.” The Tibetan {rnam grangs} easily misleads people into thinking that this has something to do with “enumeration.”
chos kyi rnga chen sgra dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
chos kyi sbyin pa|One of the three modes of giving recorded in Buddhist literature, this refers to spreading the Dharma through teaching, recitation, copying of texts, and so forth. The other two consist of the gift of material goods (āmiṣadāna) and the gift of fearlessness (abhayadāna).
chos kyi sdom bzhi|All conditioned phenomena are impermanent; all defilements are suffering; all phenomena are without self; nirvāṇa is peace.
chos kyi sdong po ri bo gzi brjid|A buddha in a world in the eastern direction in a past kalpa.
chos kyi sgo'i dbyangs mang po'i mdzod|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi sgo|A teaching or spiritual method by which the Dharma is understood.
chos kyi sgo|Certain teachings are called “Dharma gates” (or “gates of the Dharma”) because they provide access to the practice of the Dharma and the resulting spiritual realization.
chos kyi sgra|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānaruta.
chos kyi sgra|The realm of the future Buddha Pure and Immaculate King Who Arises from an Infinite Assembly of Qualities.
chos kyi sgron ma rab tu 'bar ba'i dpal gyi zla ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi sgron ma ye shes kyi rnam par gnon pa|A buddha in a world in the eastern direction in the past.
chos kyi sgron ma'i mar me|A bodhisattva.
chos kyi sgron ma'i rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Dharmadatta.
chos kyi sgron ma|A great bodhisattva.
chos kyi sgron ma|Son of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
chos kyi sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Dharma pradīpa śiri.
chos kyi sgron ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Girikūṭaketu.
chos kyi sgron ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ṛṣideva (400 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi sgron|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Harṣadatta (152 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi skar mda' snang ba dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Dhārmika.
chos kyi skar mda'|Father of the buddha Deśāmūḍha.
chos kyi sku|One of the subdivisions in the collection of dharmas that constitutes a Buddha, variously explained but usually more closely related to the aspect of ultimate truth.
chos kyi sku|In distinction to the rūpakāya, or form body of a buddha, this is the eternal imperceptible realization of a buddha. In origin it was a term for the presence of the Dharma, and has come to become synonymous with the true nature.
chos kyi sku|The ultimate nature or essence of the fruitional enlightened mind of the buddhas, which is non-arising, free from the limits of conceptual elaboration, empty of inherent existence, naturally radiant, beyond duality, and spacious.
chos kyi sku|In its earliest use it meant that though the corporeal body of the Buddha had perished, his “body of the Dharma” continued. It later came to be synonymous with enlightenment or buddhahood, a “body” that can only be “seen” by a buddha.
chos kyi sku|Dharmakāya or body of dharma refers to the Buddha’s realization of reality. Sometimes translated “truth body” or “reality body.” In other contexts, particularly in early texts, the term may also refer to the Buddha’s qualities as a collective whole, or to his teachings as embodying him.
chos kyi sku|Distinct from the rūpakāya or “form body” of a buddha. In origin it was a term for the presence of the Dharma, which would continue after the Buddha’s passing. It also came to refer to someone who was an embodiment of the Dharma, and also the eternal, imperceptible realization of a buddha, and therefore became synonymous with the true nature. In the context of the teaching of the three kāyas of a buddha, only the term dharmakāya ({chos kyi sku}), rather than dharmaśarīra, ({chos kyi lus}) was used.
chos kyi skye mched|Twefth of the twelve sense fields
chos kyi sprin gyi char gyis ryal srid shin tu tshim pa|A buddha.
chos kyi sprin gyi rgyal mtshan sgron ma|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi sprin mngon par bsgrags pa'i dbyangs|A buddha.
chos kyi sprin sgra'i rgyal po|A buddha in a past world in the eastern direction.
chos kyi sprin shin tu sdug pa'i 'od|The bodhimaṇḍa of the Buddha Sūrya gātra pravara in another world in the distant past, as given in the prose passages, where it is also called Dharmodgata prabhāsa. In verse it is called Sudharma megha prabhā.
chos kyi sprin snyan pa rnam par grags pa|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi sprin|The tenth bodhisattva bhūmi.
chos kyi sprin|The name of a bodhisattva stage.
chos kyi sprin|The tenth ground of the bodhisattvas.
chos kyi sprin|The tenth and highest of the levels in the bodhisattva path.
chos kyi sprin|Lit. “Cloud of Dharma.” The tenth level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
chos kyi stobs kyi dpa' ba'i rgyal mtshan|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vibodhana.
chos kyi stobs|The 797th buddha in the first list, 796th in the second list, and 786th in the third list.
chos kyi stobs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Matimat (983 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chos kyi tog|A tathāgata.
chos kyi tog|A bodhisattva.
chos kyi tog|The name of a thus-gone one and the name of one of the sixteen gods at the seat of awakening.
chos kyi tshul zab mo dpal gyi zla ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi tshul|The Skt. term, which means “way,” “method,” or “system,” could be interpreted as that which is “conducive” to the Dharma, which “leads” to the Dharma or which “guides” in accordance with the principles of the Dharma. In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, it variously refers to individual dhāraṇīs, the sections that deal with these dhāraṇīs, or the entire text of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī.
chos kyi ye shes mtha' yas pa chags pa med cing rdul dang bral ba'i rgyal po'i tog|A buddha who gave teachings to the buddha Śakyāmuni in one of his previous lives.
chos kyi ye shes yang dag par 'byung|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos kyi yon tan|The 493rd buddha in the first list, 492nd in the second list, and 486th in the third list.
chos kyi zam pa|This location couldn’t be identified.
chos kyis 'phags pa'i 'od|The bodhimaṇḍa of the Buddha Sūrya gātra pravara in another world in the distant past, as given in the prose passages, where it is also called Dharma meghodgata prabhā. In verse it is called Sudharma megha prabhā.
chos kyis 'phags pa'i nam mkha'i dbang phyug|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyis 'phags pa|A buddha in the distant past.
chos kyis 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī. Also the seventy-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
chos kyis 'phags shing rdzogs pa|Lit. “ennobled by dharmas completed.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos kyis blta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samantadarśin.
chos kyis gnas pa'i spyi gtsug|Name of the fifty-ninth meditative stability.
chos kyis rnam par rol pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānābhibhū.
chos la 'jug pa'i phyag rgya|Name of the eleventh meditative stability.
chos la bzod pa|This term refers to becoming receptive to the profound Dharma.
chos la bzod pa|The term dharmakṣāṇti can refer either to a set of ways one becomes “receptive” to key points of the Dharma, or it can be an abbreviation of anutpattikadharmakṣāṇti, “receptivity to the unborn nature of phenomena.”
chos la dga' ba bkod pa|A bodhisattva.
chos la gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.
chos la mchog tu dga' ba|The name of an absorption.
chos la mngon par dga' ba|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chos la nges pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
chos la rnam par lta|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahādarśana.
chos la rnam par nges pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ugrasena.
chos la spyod pa|A minister; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
chos ldan ma|Mother of the second buddha Kusuma.
chos ldan|Son of the buddha Varabuddhi.
chos ldan|One of the eight yakṣa generals.
chos ldan|Father of the buddha Uttamadeva.
chos ldan|Attendant of the buddha Rāhu sūrya garbha.
chos ldan|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Guru of Dharma.
chos ldan|The 666th buddha in the first list, 665th in the second list, and 657th in the third list.
chos lha|A great bodhisattva.
chos lha|Father of the buddha Śāntimati.
chos ma yin pa gcod par byed pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK. The Tibetan term would translate *Sarvādharmopaccheda.
chos mchog|Son of the buddha Satyakathin.
chos mchog|Attendant of the buddha Girikūṭaketu.
chos mchog|Fourth of the four aspects of the path of preparation.
chos mchog|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Light of Non-conceptuality.
chos mdzod|The 541st buddha in the first list, 541st in the second list, and 534th in the third list.
chos min|A bird who shares one body with another bird, Dharma.
chos mngon pa'i mdzod|An important work written by Vasubandhu, probably in the fourth century, as a critical compendium of the Abhidharmic science.
chos mngon par 'phags|A bodhisattva.
chos mngon pa|The Buddha’s teachings regarding subjects such as wisdom, psychology, metaphysics, and cosmology.
chos mngon pa|Conventionally, the general name for the Buddhist teachings presented in a scientific manner, as a fully elaborated transcendental psychology. As one of the branches of the Canon, it corresponds to the discipline of wisdom (the Sūtras corresponding to meditation, and the Vinaya to morality). Ultimately the Abhidharma is “pure wisdom, with its coordinate mental functions” (Prajñāmalā sānucārā), according to Vasubandhu.
chos mthong ma|Mother of the buddha Satyarāśi.
chos mthong|Father of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
chos mthong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita locana.
chos mthu bo che'i dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
chos nges|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dundubhi megha svara.
chos nyid gzugs brnyan|A buddha in the distant past.
chos nyid kyis thob pa|The acquisition of vows through direct insight into the nature of reality rather than through formal ceremony.
chos nyid la rton|One of the four reliances.
chos nyid tshul khrims|One of the translators of this text.
chos nyid tshul khrims|The 9th century Tibetan translator of this text.
chos nyid tshul khrims|Tibetan translator of this sūtra in the ninth century, also well known for his collaboration in compiling the Mahāvyutpatti (Skt.-Tib. dictionary).
chos nyid tshul khrims|A translator and editor active in the late eighth and early ninth centuries, he translated a dozen important sūtras in the Kangyur including this text and was a contributor to the Drajor Bampo Nyipa, an early ninth century edict and manual defining translation methodology.
chos nyid|The condition of things as they truly are, undistorted by conceptual thinking.
chos nyid|The nature of phenomena, in terms of their specialized relative characteristics, such as the heat of fire, the moisture of water, etc.; and in terms of their common ultimate quality, emptiness, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms.
chos nyid|Lit. the “nature of phenomena,” or “phenomena themselves.” The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Akin to other terms rendered here as thatness (tattva, {de kho na nyid}), true reality (bhūtatā, {yang dag pa nyid}), and suchness (tathatā, {de bzhin nyid}).
chos nyid|The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Throughout Buddhist discourse this term is used both in regard to the specialized relative characteristics of phenomena, such as the heat of fire and the moisture of water, and in terms of their common ultimate characteristic, emptiness.
chos nyid|Lit. the “nature of phenomena,” or “phenomena themselves.” The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Also rendered here as “nature” or “truth.”\nNote that the term “reality” has also been used to render terms of similar meaning such as {yang dag} (nyid), as in “limit of reality” ({yang dag pa'i mtha'}).
chos nyid|“True nature of dharmas” renders dharmatā ({chos nyid}). In dharmatā the -tā ending is the English “-ness.” The dharma is an attribute of a dharmin (an “attribute possessor”). The attribute is the ultimate, emptiness. The attribute possessors are all phenomena. So, it means “the true nature [= -ness] of the attribute [emptiness].” The issue is further complicated by the widespread use of the word dharma as phenomenon (as in “all dharmas”) and so on. In such contexts it is not a word for the ultimate attribute, but for any phenomenon.
chos rab mu stegs|A king in the distant past.
chos rab rgya mtsho sgrog pa|A buddha in the distant past.
chos rab tu 'byed pa|One of the factors of awakening.
chos rab tu rnam par 'byed pa yang dag byang chub kyi yan lag|Second of the seven branches of enlightenment.
chos rab tu snang ba|Pūrna Maitrāyaṇī putra’s name when he becomes a buddha in the distant future.
chos rgya chen po la mos pa yang dag par 'byung ba'i gzi brjid|A buddha in the distant past; the name as given in the prose passages. In verse he is called Adhimuktitejas.
chos rgya mtsho mchog gi blos rnam par rol pa mngon par mkhyen pa'i rgyal po|The thus-gone one residing in the buddhafield Standing in an Ocean of Jewels.
chos rgya mtsho shin tu bstan pa'i dbyangs|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos rgya mtsho thams cad bsgrags pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
chos rgya mtsho thams cad kyi dbyangs 'od kyi rgyal po|A buddha in another world in the distant past, the first of countless buddhas in that kalpa. In verse he is called Dharma samudra prabha garjita rāja.
chos rgya mtsho thams cad kyi gsung gi rgyal po|A buddha in a world in the eastern direction in the past.
chos rgya mtsho thams cad kyis mngon par 'phags pa'i shugs kyi rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
chos rgya mtsho thams cad rab tu sgrog pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos rgya mtsho'i 'brug sgra sgrog pa'i dbyangs|A buddha in the distant past.
chos rgya mtsho'i nga ro rab tu sgrog pa'i 'od|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos rgya mtsho'i pad mo|A buddha in the distant past.
chos rgya mtsho'i snying po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos rin po che'i me tog dpal gyi sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos rin po che'i tog|Son of the buddha Dharmadatta.
chos rjes su dran pa|Second of the ten recollections.
chos rmad du byung ba|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means descriptions of miracles.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
chos rnam par 'byed pa|One of the seven limbs of awakening.
chos rnam par 'phrul pa'i shugs kyi rgyal mtshan dpal|A buddha in a world in the eastern direction in the past.
chos rnam par ston pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
chos rnams kyi chos gnas pa nyid|A synonym for emptiness, and the expanse of reality (dharmadhātu).
chos rnams snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Yajñasvara.
chos rtogs pa'i bzod pa|Literally, “tolerance that understands phenomena.” This denotes receptivity to the non-arising nature of all things, identified with emptiness.
chos sbyin ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
chos sbyin|Son of the buddha Candra.
chos sbyin|Attendant of the buddha Vijitāvin.
chos sbyin|The 693rd buddha in the first list, 692nd in the second list, and 683rd in the third list.
chos sde|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chos sems|Attendant of the buddha Samṛddha.
chos sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnavyūha.
chos sgrogs|Son of the buddha Dṛḍhakrama.
chos sgrogs|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
chos sgron gdugs|A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 979th in the third list.
chos sgron spyan|The 993rd buddha in the first list, 992nd in the second list, and 984th in the third list.
chos shes pa|First of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
chos sku|Dharmakāya or “body of dharma” refers to the Buddha’s realization of reality.
chos sku|The Buddha as the embodiment of his teachings, the all-encompassing aspect of absolute reality.
chos sku|The ultimate nature or essence of the enlightened mind of the buddhas. It is said to be non-arising, free from the limits of conceptual elaboration, empty of inherent existence, naturally radiant, beyond duality, and spacious.
chos sku|In distinction to the rūpakāya, or form body of a buddha, this is the eternal, imperceivable realization of a buddha. In origin it was a term for the presence of the Dharma, and it has since become synonymous with the true nature.
chos skyong|One of the eight yakṣa generals.
chos skyong|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chos smra ba|Name of a bodhisattva great being.
chos smra ba|A term for those who teach the Buddhist Dharma.
chos smra ba|A speaker, reciter, or preacher of the Buddhist scriptures or teachings.
chos smra ba|In early Buddhism, a section of the saṅgha would be bhāṇakas, who, particularly before the teachings were written down, when they were solely transmitted orally, were the key factor in the preservation of the teachings. Various groups of bhāṇakas each specialized in memorizing and reciting a certain set of sūtras or vinaya texts.
chos smra ba|Speaker or reciter of scriptures. In early Buddhism a section of the saṅgha would consist of bhāṇakas, who, particularly before the teachings were written down and were only transmitted orally, were a key factor in the preservation of the teachings. Various groups of dharmabhāṇakas specialized in memorizing and reciting a certain set of sūtras or vinaya.
chos smra ba|Someone who recites the Dharma teachings, either from a text or from memory. In early Buddhism, in particular before the teachings were written down and were transmitted solely orally, a section of the saṅgha would be bhāṇakas, who were the key factor in the preservation of the teachings. Various groups of bhāṇakas specialized in memorizing and reciting a certain set of sūtras or vinaya. Even when the teachings existed in writing, a reciter of Dharma teachings was of great importance within a society that was predominantly illiterate.
chos smra dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Toṣaṇa.
chos smra|Son of the buddha Vigatatamas.
chos snang ba'i sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
chos snang byed|Birthplace of the buddha Meghadhvaja.
chos so so yang dag par rig pa|Second of the four kinds of exact knowledge.
chos spobs|Son of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
chos sprin grong khyer 'od snang rgyal po|The last in a series of countless buddhas in a past kalpa. The form of his name in verse. In prose he is called Dharma dhātu nagarābha jñāna pradīpa rāja.
chos sprin|The tenth bodhisattva bhūmi.
chos sprul pa|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
chos spyod|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Light of the Sky.
chos srung|Attendant of the buddha Balasena.
chos stobs 'od|A buddha in the distant past.
chos stobs|A yakṣa in Retuka.
chos stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇya.
chos thams cad 'dul bar rnam par nges par bstan pa|An absorption.
chos thams cad 'gag pa med pa|Lit. “where all dharmas are in a state without cessation.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad 'gyur ba med par mthong ba|Lit. “seeing all dharmas as unchanging.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad bdag gi dngos po mi sgrub pa|Lit. “does not establish the essential nature in all phenomena.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad brjed pa med pa|Lit. “does not forget all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad bsam gyis mi khyab|Lit. “inconceivability of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad bye brag med par lta ba|Lit. “that sees all dharmas without particularizing them.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad byed pa med pa|Lit. “where all dharmas are montionless.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad dben par gnas pa|A great bodhisattva.
chos thams cad dben|Lit. “isolation of all dharmas.”Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad gzigs|A buddha.
chos thams cad khengs pa med pa|Lit. “without arrogance toward any dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi 'brug sgra bsgrags pa'i rgyal po|This is a buddha in the distant past in chapter 34, where the name is translated as {chos thams cad rab tu sgrog pa'i rgyal po}, and a buddha in the distant past in chapter 41, where the name is translated as {chos thams cad kyi 'brug sgra bsgrags pa'i rgyal po}.
chos thams cad kyi 'byor pa rgya mtsho|Lit. “ocean of the wealth of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi brtson 'grus drag po'i rgyal mtshan|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos thams cad kyi dbang phyug gi rgyal po|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
chos thams cad kyi de bzhin nyid|Also rendered as the “state in which all dharmas are just so.”
chos thams cad kyi gnas bsgrub pa yongs su 'grub pa'i gzi brjid|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos thams cad kyi gzungs kyi sgo'i phyag rgya|Lit. “seal of the dhāraṇī gateway for all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi nga ro'i gdugs kyi dkyil 'khor rab tu sgrog pa|A cakravartin king in another world realm in the distant past.
chos thams cad kyi nges pa'i tshig la gdon mi za bar 'jug pa|Lit. “entry into certainty about the etymologies of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi ngo bo nyid la rnam par lta ba|Lit. “looking at the intrinsic nature of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi ngo bo nyid mi dmigs pa|Lit. “where the intrinsic nature of all dharmas cannot be found.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi phyag rgyar gyur pa|Lit. “become exalted among all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi phyag rgya|Lit. “seal of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi snying po de bzhin gshegs pa'i seng ge'i khri 'dzin pa'i cod pan|A bodhisattva.
chos thams cad kyi tshig rab tu 'byed pa|Lit. “sorts out the words for all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad kyi tshul la nges par ston pa|The name of a meditative absorption of the Buddha, described in detail in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-045-001.html#UT22084-045-001-49 et seq., a teaching on which the bodhisattva Prāmodyarāja requests in The Good Eon.
chos thams cad kyi tshul la rnam par 'phrul pa'i gzi brjid kyi 'od|The name of a buddha in the below direction.
chos thams cad kyi yon tan bkod pa'i 'jig rten gyi khams|The name of a world system in the eastern direction.
chos thams cad la 'jug pa'i phyag rgya|Lit. “seal of entry into all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad la 'jug pa'i sgo|Lit. “gateway of the entry into all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad la bag tsha ba med par gnas pa|A bodhisattva.
chos thams cad la dbang bsgyur ba thams cad mkhyen pa|An epithet of the buddhas.
chos thams cad la dbang byed pa|A bodhisattva.
chos thams cad la dbang byed pa|An absorption.
chos thams cad la dbang phyug gi dbang gi rtsal gyis spyod pa|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
chos thams cad la khas 'che ba med par shin tu gnas pa|A bodhisattva.
chos thams cad la mnyam pa nyid du gnas pa|The name of a meditative absorption (samādhi) of the Buddha in this text.
chos thams cad la nges par 'bigs pa|Lit. “piercer of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad la rnam par lta ba|An absorption.
chos thams cad la rnam par lta ba|Lit. “giving insight into all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad la rtag tu lta ba'i blo ldan|The name of a bodhisattva. “Intelligence That Always Sees All Phenomena.”
chos thams cad la sgrib pa med pa'i mtha'|Lit. “unobstructed limit of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad la spobs pa bkod pa'i dpal|The name of a buddha in the western direction.
chos thams cad la spobs pa bkod pa|Name of an absorption.
chos thams cad las 'da' ba|Lit. “gone beyond all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad las mngon par 'phags pa|Lit. “that has risen above all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad las shin tu 'phags pa|Name of the sixth meditative stability.
chos thams cad las shin tu 'phags|Lit. “superior to all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad ma 'dres pa|Lit. “unadulterated nature of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad mi brjed pa|Name of an absorption.
chos thams cad mi dmigs pa|Lit. “all dharmas are not found.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad mi len pa|A bodhisattva.
chos thams cad mi shes pa dang bral ba|Lit. “separated from not knowing all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad mi shes pa sel ba|Lit. “shattering ignorance of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad mnyam pa nyid|Lit. “sameness of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad mnyam pa nyid|As well as its more general meaning, this is the name of the fifty-seventh meditative stability.
chos thams cad mtshan ma dang bral ba|Lit. “separated from all causal signs.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad mu med pa|Lit. “the limitlessness of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad mun pa dang bral ba|Lit. “where all dharmas are free from darkness.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad rab tu sgrog pa'i rgyal po|This is a buddha in the distant past in chapter 34, where the name is translated as {chos thams cad rab tu sgrog pa'i rgyal po}, and a buddha in the distant past in chapter 41, where the name is translated as {chos thams cad kyi 'brug sgra bsgrags pa'i rgyal po}.
chos thams cad rab tu zhi ba|The name of a meditative absorption (samādhi) of a bodhisattva in this text.
chos thams cad rlom sems med pa|Lit. “without conceit for any dharma.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad rnam par 'jig pa mnyam pa nyid|Lit. “sameness of the destruction of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad rnam par 'phrul pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva in the buddhafield, at the zenith, called Adorned by Ornaments.
chos thams cad rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
chos thams cad ro gcig pa|Lit. “the one taste of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad shes pa'i bzod pa la 'jug pa|Lit. “entry into knowledge forbearance for all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad skye ba med pa|Lit. “nonproduction of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad snang bar byed pa|Lit. “illuminator of all dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
chos thams cad stong pa nyid|Fourteenth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
chos thams cad stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
chos thams cad tha dad pa med pa|Lit. “where all dharmas are in a state without difference.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad ting nge 'dzin gyi 'od kyi dbyangs|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
chos thams cad yang dag par 'du ba rgya mtsho'i phyag rgya|Name of the twenty-first meditative stability.
chos thams cad yang dag par 'du ba rgya mtsho'i phyag rgya|Lit. “ocean seal in which all dharmas are united.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad yang dag par 'du ba rgya mtsho|Lit. “ocean in which all dharmas are united.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad yang dag par 'du ba'i rnam pa'i phyag rgya|Lit. “seal in a form in which all dharmas are united.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos thams cad yang dag par 'du ba|An absorption.
chos thams cad yang dag par skyed pa|The name of an eon in which the Buddha Glorious Supremely Golden Light resides.
chos thams cad yongs su ma bzung ba|Lit. “all dharmas not fully grasped.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos tog rgyal mtshan|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Family of Jewels. Likely the same as the thus-gone one He Who Possesses a Body Adorned with All Jewels and the thus-gone one He Who Possesses a Body Adorned, Exalted by All Jewels.
chos yang dag par sdud pa|A secret palace in Sukhāvatī.
chos yongs su tshol 'dod pa|A bodhisattva.
chos zab mo la bzod pa|One of the three types of patience, which consists in accepting the teachings on emptiness.
chos zab mo'i 'od byed pa|Lit. “illuminator of the deep dharmas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chos zab mo'i dpal rgya mtshos yang dag par 'byung ba'i 'od|A buddha in the distant past.
chos zab mo|The dharmas conceived as empty, insubstantial, and the like. Possibly also a reference to the Dharma teachings in which dharmas are understood in this way. In this sūtra, analysis of the dharmas as empty is said to give rise to the goals of the vehicle of the śrāvakas.
chos zla|The 963rd buddha in the first list, 962nd in the second list, and 953rd in the third list.
chos|The term dharma ({chos}) conveys ten different meanings, according to Vasubandhu’s Vyākhyā yukti. In the context‌ of the present work, it may mean “sacred doctrine” (also rendered “Dharma” in this translation), the “attributes” which buddhas and bodhisattvas acquire, “phenomena” or “things” in general, and, more specifically, “mental phenomena” which are the object of the mental faculty (manas, {yid}).
chos|Among its many meanings, this term can refer to the teachings of the Buddha (when capitalized in this translation); positive actions that accord with it; an entity, which has (dhṛ) certain features through which it may be cognized (also the relevant sense in which it is used when dharmas are listed as the objects of thought); and a property or a quality (such as when discussing the Buddhadharmas, i.e., the dharmas of the Buddha, meaning his special qualities or properties).
chos|The term dharma has many different interrelated meanings: it may refer to the teaching of the buddhas, to religious teachings in general, to phenomena in general, or to the specific characteristics of an object or objects in a generic sense, among other meanings. In our translation of the Bhava saṅkrānti sūtra, we have translated this term as “phenomena,” as it is generally used in this latter sense; however, we have translated the term as “Dharma” when it specifically refers to the teaching of the Buddha.
chos|The term “dharma” ({chos}) conveys ten different meanings, according to Vasubandhu’s Vyākhyā yukti. It may mean the Buddhist teachings, the awakened qualities which buddhas and bodhisattvas acquire, phenomena or things in general, etc. In the context of this work, it was rendered as “Dharma” when it refers to the teachings, and in other contexts, rendered according to the specific meaning, namely as phenomena and qualities. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-003.html#UT22084-060-003-8 .
chos|This term has multiple interrelated meanings. In this text, the primary meanings are as follows: (1) the doctrine taught by the Buddha (Dharma); (2) the ultimate reality underlying and expressed through the Buddha’s teaching (Dharma); (3) the trainings that the Buddha’s teaching stipulates (dharmas); (4) the various awakened qualities or attainments acquired through practicing and realizing the Buddha’s teaching (dharmas); (5) qualities or aspects more generally, i.e., phenomena or phenomenal attributes (dharmas); and (6) mental objects (dharmas).
chos|A term that predates Buddhism, Dharma/dharmas has a wide range of meanings and usages in Buddhist texts depending on context:\nAs Dharma , it is the teaching of Buddha Śākyamuni and other buddhas, preached by their followers, and transmitted in the form of scripture; or, alternatively, it means ultimate reality itself, the referent of the teaching and what is realized through it.\nAs dharmas , it is variously the different teachings given by Buddha Śākyamuni, other buddhas, and their followers; the trainings enjoined in those teachings; the positive qualities acquired through applying those trainings; mental phenomena in general; or phenomena in general or their characteristics. Often in Buddhist literature there is a play on the multiple interlinked senses of this term.
chu 'dzin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chu 'thor sprin chen|A tathāgata.
chu ba gtsang ma|A place in the south of India.
chu bal dang rnam par bral ba|A pond on Equal Peaks.
chu bas byin|A nāga king.
chu bdag|The Vedic god of the waters; also the deity who governs the western direction.
chu bo 'bab pa'i tshal|A part of the forest known as Incomparable.
chu bo be'i ta ra ni chen po|A river said to separate the living from the dead, like the River Styx. It causes great suffering to anyone who attempts to cross it.
chu bo brtsegs 'bab|A river in Dwelling in the Lofty.
chu bo bzhi las rgal ba|Buddhas have crossed the rivers of desire, existence, view, and ignorance.
chu bo bzhi|The four rivers of existence, craving, ignorance, and wrong view.
chu bo bzhi|Sensual desire, desire for cyclic existence, holding views, and ignorance.
chu bo bzhi|This refers to the four torrents of cyclic existence, craving, ignorance, and wrong view.
chu bo bzhi|Someone who has “crossed the four rivers” is awakened. The four rivers are (1) the river of desire, (2) the river of existence, (3) the river of beliefs, and (4) the river of ignorance.
chu bo bzhi|The same as the four āsrava (“outflows” or “contaminants”), namely (1) sensual desire, (2) conditioned existence, (3) wrong views, and (4) ignorance; also refers to birth, old age, sickness, and death.
chu bo bzhi|The four torrents, which are to be abandoned, comprise the torrent of fundamental ignorance, the torrent of wrong view, the torrent of rebirth, and the torrent of craving. See Nyima and Dorje (2001): 1075. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-875 .
chu bo chen po lnga po|The five great rivers of ancient India.
chu bo chen po|The river Gandakī (a tributary of the Gaṅgā).
chu bo dga' bcas che|A river in Dwelling in the Lofty.
chu bo dmar po 'bab pa|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
chu bo gang gA|A river.
chu bo gar dgar 'bab|A river in Dwelling in the Lofty.
chu bo gser dang ldan|The river near Kuśinagara on the banks of which the Buddha passed into final nirvāṇa.
chu bo ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
chu bo rab med rab tu tsha ba|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
chu bo rab med|“Caustic River,” one of the hells.
chu bo rnam dag|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Caraṇabhrāja (930 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chu bo rnams las brgal bar bya ba|A Buddhist idiom meaning “to overcome the afflictive emotions.”
chu bo ro zhim|A river in Dwelling in the Lofty.
chu bo sman ljong|A peak upon Mount Sumeru.
chu bo snar ma|A river in India.
chu bo spong|Father of the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka.
chu bo spong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anavanata.
chu bo spong|The 628th buddha in the first list, 627th in the second list, and 620th in the third list.
chu bo stong 'bab|A river in Dwelling in the Lofty.
chu bo'i lha|A buddha in the past.
chu bo'i rgyal po sum cu seng ge'i bdag po lus|Attendant of the buddha Sukrama.
chu bo'i rlabs 'jigs pa|A river in the Hell of Intense Heat.
chu brtan pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
chu bsil ba dang ldan pa|A lotus lake on Endowed with Lotuses.
chu bsil ba|A pond at the forest Joyous in Sudharma.
chu bsil gnas|A realm of the ever-infatuated gods.
chu bsil|A pool in Special Joy.
chu bur can|One of the eight cold hells.
chu bur can|First (and lightest) of the eight cold hells of Buddhist cosmology. Its inhabitants are wracked with a cold wind that causes their bodies to be covered in sores.
chu bur can|A word for a high number (ten million). Also translated as “Blistering Hell” when it designates one of the eight cold hells. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-230 .
chu bur can|Name of one of the eight cold hells. Its inhabitants are tormented by a cold wind that causes their bodies to be covered in sores. The Skt. arbuda in other contexts may refer to a number; see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-230 .
chu bur rdol ba|One of the eight cold hells.
chu bur rdol|Second of the eight cold hells of Buddhist cosmology. Its inhabitants are wracked with a cold wind that causes their bodies to be covered in sores that burst open.
chu bur rdol|A word for a high number (one hundred million). A variant of the Skt. nyarbuda. Also translated as “Bursting Blister Hell” when it designates one of the eight cold hells. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-230 .
chu bur rdol|Name of one of the eight cold hells. Its inhabitants are tormented by a cold wind that causes their bodies to be covered in sores that burst open. The Skt. nirarbuda in other contexts may refer to a number; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-230 .
chu bzang|(1) A river in the Swan Forest ({shis pa'i chu}). (2) A river in Godānīya ({chu bzang}).
chu chen po|A river in Ornament of the Mind.
chu dang ba|A pond in Dwelling on Forest Riverbanks in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
chu dbang po|Father of the buddha Ratnārci.
chu dbang|This seems to be another name for Jambhala.
chu dkar|A peak on Sumeru.
chu dmar pa|An ocean between Godānīya and Videha.
chu gnas pa|A pool in Dwelling on the Disk.
chu grang ba|This name for a hell, “cold water,” only appears in the Kāraṇḍavyūha.
chu klung 'od 'byin|A mountain in Moving in Vast Environments.
chu klung 'od srung gi bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
chu klung 'od srung|A disciple of the Buddha.
chu klung 'od srung|Close Śravaka disciple of the Buddha.
chu klung 'od srung|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
chu klung 'od srung|Went forth under the Buddha in Vārāṇasī shortly after the Buddha’s enlightenment; brother of Uruvilvā Kāśyapa.
chu klung 'od srung|The brother of Gayākāśyapa and Uru vilvā kāśyapa. A practitioner of fire offering at Uruvilvā (Bodhgaya), he and his three hundred pupils were converted to becoming bhikṣus of the Buddha. He and his brothers and their pupils were the third group to become followers of the Buddha after his enlightenment.
chu klung mtha' dang ldan pa|A river in the province of Mallā in the vicinity of Kuśinagarī.
chu klung skal ldan shing rta|Another name for the river Gaṇgā, mentioned by the teacher Sañjayin in encouraging Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana to seek out the Buddha who was born on its banks.
chu klung zab mo'i chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
chu la spyod pa'i sa gzhi|A pond on Equal Peaks.
chu ldan|One of the eight great nāgas.
chu ldan|A land in the south of Jambudvīpa.
chu len|A land in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent.
chu lha dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
chu lha ma|One of the great mātṛs.
chu lha mchod|Mother of the buddha Bodhidhvaja.
chu lha'i bdag|Father of the buddha Supriya.
chu lha'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
chu lha'i lha|Son of the buddha Aṅgaja.
chu lha'i lha|Father of the buddha Asita.
chu lha'i lha|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
chu lha'i lha|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
chu lha'i mthu rtsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Suvarṇacūḍa (602 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
chu lhas byin|A nāga king.
chu lhas byin|Name of a bodhisattva.
chu lhas byin|Father of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
chu lhas mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Rāhudeva.
chu lha|The 639th buddha in the first list, 638th in the second list, and 631st in the third list.
chu lha|A householder bodhisattva in this sūtra. Also frequently the name of the god of the waters.
chu lha|Apart from the god of water, Varuṇa can be the name of several other figures, including a nāga king.
chu lha|Vedic deity of the waters (and sometimes the sky) who is also regarded as a protector of cosmic order.
chu lha|The principal nāga king; also the god of the sea in the Vedas. In this sūtra Sāgara is an alternative name and not another nāga.
chu lha|One of the oldest deities of the Vedic pantheon and one of the first to be considered a supreme deity or “king of the gods.” Varuṇa eventually came to occupy a lesser status in the Vedic pantheon as a god of the waters.
chu mangs|The place where the Buddha showed the skeleton of the Buddha Kāśyapa to monks.
chu mnyam par gyur pa|An ocean between Godānīya and Videha.
chu na gnas pa|A class of asuras.
chu na spyod pa|Name of a yakṣa.
chu nag po|(1) An ocean far off the coast of Jambudvīpa. (2) A river on Forest Garlands.
chu nang spyod|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
chu rab tu dang ba|An ocean far off the coast of Jambudvīpa.
chu rab tu dga' ba|A lotus pond in Pair of Śāla Trees.
chu rlabs|A future buddha.
chu sbyin chen po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chu sbyin sngo ba|One of the kings of the nāgas.
chu sbyin sprin chen|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chu sgra kun nas sgrogs pa|A forest on Encircled by White Clouds.
chu sgra|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
chu shing bsregs pa'i tshal|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
chu shing|Musa paradisiaca according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
chu skyes|A prince who was the Buddha in a former life. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-4914 .
chu smad|The name of a nakṣatra. One of the two Āṣāḍhās.
chu smad|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Sigma Sagittarii in the occidental tradition.
chu sngon po|An ocean far off the coast of Jambudvīpa.
chu sog ma med kyis byin|A nāga king.
chu srid|Rule, kingdom, government, lit. “water domain.” See Kapstein 2006, p. 4.
chu srin byis pa gsod lta bu'i ri|Sometimes has the alternative Sanskrit spelling Śiśumāragiri.
chu srin byis pa gsod|A type of sea creature, its name literally means “child killer.”
chu srin kU rma mang ba nyid|A river on Saṅkāśa.
chu srin ma ka ra|A legendary sea monster often described as an amalgamation of several terrestrial and/or aquatic animals such as an elephant, a crocodile, and a boar, although the term is sometimes associated with the dugong, the crocodile, or the dolphin. Here its image is the twelfth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
chu srin na kras bskor ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
chu srin|An aquatic monster.
chu srin|A mythical sea monster.
chu srin|Capricorn (zodiac sign and constellation).
chu srin|A legendary sea monster often described as an amalgamation of several terrestrial and/or aquatic animals such as an elephant, a crocodile, and a boar, although the term is sometimes associated with the dugong, the crocodile, or the dolphin. Here its image is the twelfth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
chu srin|A fabled sea monster, the front part of which is a mammal. It is said to be the largest animal in the world, with the strongest bite. Its head is said to be a combination of the features of an elephant, a crocodile, and a boar. The name is also applied to the dugong, the crocodile (in particular the Mugger crocodile, whose name is even derived from makara ), and the dolphin, particularly the Ganges dolphin, because the Ganges goddess is said to ride on a makara.
chu stobs|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chu stod|The name of a certain householder.
chu stod|The name of a nakṣatra. One of the two Āṣāḍhās.
chu stod|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Delta Sagittarii in the occidental tradition.
chu tshod|Period of 24 minutes.
chu tshod|A unit of time equaling approximately 24 minutes.
chu tshod|In this context, a technical term for a measure of astrological movements and human breaths
chu yi lha|The name of the deity of water, whose weapon is a noose. In the Vedas, Varuṇa is an important deity and in particular the deity of the sky, but in later Indian tradition he is the deity of the water and the underworld. The Tibetan does not attempt to translate his name but instead has “god of water.” The Sanskrit name has ancient pre-Sanskrit origins, and, as he was originally the god of the sky, is related to the root vṛ, meaning “enveloping” or “covering.” He has the same ancient origins as the ancient Greek sky deity Uranus and the Zoroastrian supreme deity Mazda.
chu yi rgyal po lta bu|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sāgara.
chu'i btag pa|A type of ordeal to test one’s veracity.
chu'i dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
chu'i khams mu med pa|Lit. “limitless water element.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
chu'i lha'i spyan|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
chu'i lha|The Vedic deity understood in later periods to be the lord of waters; thus the Tibetans translate his name as “God of Water” ({chu'i lha}). In The Question of Mañjuśrī his image is the fiftieth of the eighty designs on the palms of the hand and feet of the Tathāgata.
chu'i lha|The name of the deity of water, whose weapon is a noose. In the Vedas, Varuṇa is an important deity and in particular the deity of the sky, but in later Indian tradition he is the deity of the water and the underworld. The Tibetan does not attempt to translate his name but instead has “god of water.” The Sanskrit name has ancient pre-Sanskrit origins, and, as he was originally the god of the sky, is related to the root vṛ, meaning “enveloping” or “covering.” He has the same ancient origins as the ancient Greek sky deity Uranus and the Zoroastrian supreme deity Mazda.
chu'i rgyal por snang ba|The world realm of the Tathāgata Glory of Precious Blue Lotus.
chu'i shugs 'dzin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
chu'i shugs|A nāga king.
chung che|Eleventh god realm of form, meaning “increasing merit.”
chus bgags pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
chus byin|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
chus byin|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
chus khyab pa|An ocean between Kuru and Godānīya.
chu|The god of water.
chu|A great bodhisattva.
ci 'dod sgrub pa|An ancient city corresponding to modern Ayodhya.
ci 'jigs|A great bodhisattva.
ci 'jigs|A monk disciple of the Buddha Śākyamuni, also a bodhisattva in another realm. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-048-001-OLD.html#UT22084-048-001-OLD-36 .
ci 'jigs|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
ci smra|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ci tra dmar po|Plumbago rosea.
ci tra ka|Plumbago zeylanica.
ci yang med min|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
ci yang med pa'i skye mched bsgrubs te gnas pa|Sixth of the eight aspects of liberation. Also the seventh of the nine serial steps of meditative absorption.
ci yang med pa'i skye mched kyi snyoms 'jug|Third of the four meditative absorptions.
ci yang med pa'i skye mched|Third of four states in the formless realm.
ci yang med pa'i skye mched|The third meditative state pertaining to the formless realm.
ci yang med pa'i skye mched|Third of the four heavens of the formless realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing one of the formless meditative absorptions.
ci yang med pa'i skye mched|Name of the third of the four formless realms and of the third formless meditative absorption, so termed because in its preparatory phase absolute nothingness is the object of meditation.
ci yang med pa'i skye mched|Third of the four formless realms. The term also refers to the class of gods that dwell there and the third of the four formless absorptions. The other three realms are the station of endless space, the station of endless consciousness, and the station of neither perception nor nonperception.
ci yang med pa|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
ci yang min|The name of a bodhisattva.
cod pan bcings pa'i mchod rten|A temple or shrine in the country of the Mallas.
cod pan so|A rākṣasī known only from this sūtra.
cod pan|Sixth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
cog bu pa|A spiritual practitioner who adheres to the practice of residing on a straw mat.
cu gon pa na|An image of the Buddha.
cung zad 'bigs pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
cung zad med pa'i skye mched|The third of the four states of imperturbability, which leads to rebirth in the formless realm (Skt. ārūpyadhātu) as a deva without form.
dA na shI la|Eighth-century Indian teacher and translator.
dA na shI la|One of the Indian preceptors who assisted in translating this text.
dA na shI la|The name of an Indian preceptor, active in Tibet in the ninth century, who translated many texts in the Kangyur.
dA na shI la|“Charitable,” an Indian paṇḍita who traveled to Tibet during the time of King Trisong Detsen to serve as a translator.
dA na shI la|An Indian paṇḍita resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries. He was a frequent collaborator of Yeshé Dé.
dA na shI la|An Indian preceptor from Kashmir who was resident in Tibet during the late eighth- and early ninth-centuries. He was a frequent collaborator of Yeshé Dé.
dUr ba|Cynodon dactylon.
dUr ba|Panicum dactylon.
da ltar byung ba'i dus la ma chags ma thogs pa'i ye shes gzigs par 'jug go|Eighteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
da ltar byung ba|Also translated as “present circumstances.”
da ltar gyi sangs rgyas mngon sum du bzhugs pa|One of the ten absorptions of the bodhisattvas.
da ma shi ri|A prince living in the past at the time of the buddha Merugandha.
da ra da ra|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
da ra da|The ancient kingdom of the Darada people in the Gilgit region of larger Kashmir.
dad byed|Son of the buddha Bhāgīratha.
dad dpal|Father of the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa.
dad ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
dad ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dad mchog|Mother of the buddha Prabhākośa.
dad pa can|Mother of the buddha Sucintitārtha.
dad pa chen po|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
dad pa'i dbang po|First of the five faculties.
dad pa'i rgyal po|Birthplace of the buddha Rājan.
dad pa'i snod yongs su tshol|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
dad pa'i stobs|First of the five powers.
dad par 'jug byed|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
dad par byed pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anāvilārtha.
dad par byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhamati.
dad pas rab du 'jug pa|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
dad pas rjes su 'brang ba|Someone who follows his or her goal out of trust in someone else.
dad pas rjes su 'brang ba|According to the Mahāyāna, one of the seven types of noble beings (āryapudgala), and also one of the twenty types of members of the saṅgha (viṃśatiprabhedasaṃgha).
dad pa|Father of the buddha Vighuṣṭarāja.
dad pa|One of the five powers and five abilities.
dad pa|One of the factors of awakening. It is also included in the lists of the five spiritual faculties, the five strengths, and the seven riches.
dad pa|Here “faith” is not used so much in the sense of “religious faith,” but rather as when one says, “I have faith in you” or “I have faith in your good qualities.” It is often explained as “a good disposition of the mind” (cetasaḥ prasādaḥ) toward something and is occasionally divided into three types: faith as the conviction that something exists, faith as the conviction that something has good qualities, and faith as the conviction that something with good qualities can be obtained.
dag brtsegs pa|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Thoroughly Illumined Glorious Array of Excellences resides.
dag byed|Son of the buddha Chedana.
dag byed|The island of Java, part of the Indonesian archipelago.
dag mdzad|The 901st buddha in the first list, 900th in the second list, and 891st in the third list.
dag pa dam pa|Name of the thirty-seventh meditative stability.
dag pa dam pa|Lit. “pure holy.” Name of a meditative stabilization.\n(Skt. mss. have śuddhāvāsa, “pure abode,” or śuddhābhāsa, “pure illumination”; however, Kimura give śuddhasāra in a later list.)
dag pa'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Amita.
dag pa'i 'od|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
dag pa'i 'od|The 811th buddha in the first list, 810th in the second list, and 799th in the third list.
dag pa'i dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitābha.
dag pa'i lha|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dag pa'i rdo rje|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dag pa'i rgya mtsho|The 827th buddha in the first list, 826th in the second list, and 816th in the third list.
dag pa'i sems|A householder in this sūtra.
dag pa'i spyan|A buddha.
dag par dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Atiyaśas.
dag par grags|Birthplace of the buddha Vighuṣṭarāja.
dag par mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Bhānumat.
dag pa|A region in Magadha.
dag pa|One of King Inexhaustible Merit’s queens.
dag pa|One of the five celestial bodhisattvas associated with Mañjuśrī.
dag pa|One of the gods from the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the muhūrtas.
dag pa|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
dag pa|The pure aspect (usually a particular Buddhist category) of a ritual implement or any ordinary entity.
dal 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amitabuddhi.
dal bar 'gro|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhagati.
dal bzhud|The 454th buddha in the first list, 453rd in the second list, and 447th in the third list.
dal gyis 'bab pa|The river that flows from the lake Manda at the foot of Mount Meru in Trāyastriṃśa heaven.
dal gyis 'bab|A lotus pond where the nāga king Supratiṣṭhita lives.
dal gyis 'gro|Mother of the buddha Siddhi.
dam 'cha' bar mi mdzad pa|Name of a buddha.
dam bcas brtan pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama (848 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dam bcas pa don yod pa rnam par dag pa|Another name of the Rāṣṭrapāla paripṛcchā sūtra.
dam brgal|The 689th buddha in the first list, 688th in the second list, and 679th in the third list.
dam bzhag pa|The terms {phyag rgya pa} and {dam bzhag pa} are synonyms refering to one of several official administrative or managerial positions at a monastery.
dam chos dbyangs mchog sgron ma'i rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past, as rendered in verse. In prose he is called Dharma cakra nirghoṣa gagana pradīpa rāja.
dam chos yid bzhin nor bu thar pa rin po che'i rgyan|A celebrated text on the graduated path by Gampopa, also known as the Dakpo Thargyen ({dwags po thar rgyan}).
dam chos|Attendant of the buddha Brahmā.
dam pa 'gebs|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dam pa lha mo theg pa chen po la rab tu dga' bar sems pa bstan pa 'dzin pa|A queen of the Dharma king Great Diligent Nāga.
dam pa sna tshogs kyi dbyangs|(1) A queen of King Sarvārthasiddha. ({dam pa sna tshogs kyi dbyangs}; 眾妙音) (2) A son of King Sarvārthasiddha. ({dam pa'i dbyangs}; 妙音)
dam pa'i chos 'dzin|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dam pa'i chos kun tu srung ba'i tog tu gyur pa|A buddha in the southern direction.
dam pa'i chos kyi char phab|A stūpa.
dam pa'i chos kyi dkyil 'khor gyi mdzod|A minister of the Dharma king Great Diligent Nāga.
dam pa'i chos la dga' mos|A world system in the southern direction.
dam pa'i chos pad ma dkar po|An absorption.
dam pa'i chos thams cad mi brjed par gnas pa|The name of a bodhisattva. “Not-Forgetting All the Sacred Teachings”
dam pa'i chos|The Buddhadharma or the Buddha’s teachings.
dam pa'i dbyangs|(1) A queen of King Sarvārthasiddha. ({dam pa sna tshogs kyi dbyangs}; 眾妙音) (2) A son of King Sarvārthasiddha. ({dam pa'i dbyangs}; 妙音)
dam pa'i dga' ldan|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Sustenance.
dam pa'i mtshan gyi dpal gyur|The forty-fourth buddha in a realm in the distant past, also one of countless buddhas in another past kalpa. BHS verse: Vara lakṣaṇa śiri.
dam pa|A request for a favor or boon.
dam pa|(1) A buddha in the past ({dam pa}). (2) A young brahmin who was the Buddha in a former life ({bla ma}).
dam tshig gyi rdzas|Sacramental substances ingested as part of tantric ritual; frequently composed of bodily fluids or illicit meats.
dam tshig phyag rgya|A particular gesture of the hands.
dam tshig sems dpa|The form of the deity generated and visualized by the practitioner.
dam tshig thogs pa med pa gtsug tor|One of the mantra deities.
dam tshig|The bond with the master, deity, and the mantra, based on the pledge or commitment made during an empowerment.
dam tshig|Mutual pledge or bond between the master and the disciple; also that between the practitioner and the deity or spirit.
dam tshig|The bond between the practitioner and the deity, and also between the master and the pupil, forged at the time of an initiation.
dam tshig|A commitment that binds a mantra practitioner with their deity and their master. The term is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “pledge.”
dam tshig|Pledges or commitments to specific behaviors that bind a practitioner of mantra to their deity and/or spiritual master. Samaya are often specific to the deity or rite being practiced.
dam tshig|Literally “coming together,” samaya refers to precepts given by the teacher, the corresponding commitment by the pupil, and the bond that results, which can also be the bond between the practitioner and the deity or a spirit. It can also mean a special juncture or circumstance, or an ordinary time or season.
dang ba|A pool upon one of Airāvaṇa’s ears.
dang ba|The name of the person who occupies the role of Devadatta in the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ realm.
dang ba|From the root sīd (to “sit” or “settle”), this term is connected to a metaphor of water settling down and becoming clear, and thus prasāda can often mean “clarity” in the physical sense. This is contrasted with kaluṣa (“turbidity”), which is also used in a metaphorical sense, in this case of looking unfavorably upon someone/something. When we translate it as “good disposition,” or “being well disposed,” it is in contexts where the term has meanings akin to faith and devotion, or generally looking upon someone/something else in a positive light.
dang du len pa'i mzod pa|Literally, “tolerance of remaining infused [by suffering].”
dang po'i dga' ba|The first joy.
dang po'i rgyal srid|A place in Śūrasena.
dang po'i sgra|The sounds indicated by the Sanskrit vowels and consonants (Skt. ālikāli), or possibly specifically the syllable oṁ or āḥ.
dar dkar lta bu'i ral pa can yang lag ma smad pa|A lion king.
dar do|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
dar la|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
das pa dang ma 'ongs pa dang da ltar byung ba'i go cha thogs pa med|A buddha.
das pa rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
dbang 'dzin|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
dbang 'od|Son of the buddha Baladeva.
dbang ba|One of the four main types of enlightened activity.
dbang bcu|The ten powers gained by bodhisattvas as they progress on the path: life, deeds, necessities, devotion, aspiration, miraculous abilities, birth, doctrine, mind, and wisdom.
dbang bcu|Powers attained by bodhisattvas on the path. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-061-005.html#UT22084-061-005-164 . Not to be confused with the ten strengths (bala, {stobs}) which are qualities of buddhahood.
dbang bcu|Powers attained by bodhisattvas on the path: power over life, karma, materials, devotion, aspiration, miracles, birth, Dharma, mind, and wisdom. Not to be confused with the ten strengths (bala, {stobs}) which are qualities of buddhahood.
dbang bdag|An epithet of Śiva.
dbang bdag|One of the eight guardians of the directions, Īśāna guards the northeast quarter.
dbang bsgyur|The principal deity in the Para nirmita vaśa vartin paradise. It is the highest paradise in the desire realm.
dbang bskur ba|In the Buddhist context, the ritual of consecration usually involves an initiation or empowerment.
dbang bskur ldan|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
dbang byed|A god.
dbang byed|The king of gods in the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations (Skt. Paranirmita vaśavartin).
dbang chen byin|Father of the buddha Asaṅgakīrti.
dbang chen gyi dkyil 'khor|A rainbow.
dbang chen sde|Queen and wife of King Mahendrasena of Videha
dbang chen sde|King of Vārāṇasī, a previous incarnation of the Buddha.
dbang chen sde|A previous incarnation of the Buddha, who was son of King Mahendra, the ruler of the city of Potalaka.\nNot to be confused with Mahendra or Mahā sena., or with Mahendrasena, a future monarch of Kauśāmbī; Mahendrasena, the king of Videha; or Mahendrasena, the king of Vārāṇasī.
dbang chen sde|Typically given as the name of the King of Videha, son of King Mahendra, and a previous incarnation of the Buddha.\nNot to be confused with Mahendra or Mahā sena; or with Mahendrasena, a future monarch of Kauśāmbī; Mahendrasena, the prince of Potalaka; or Mahendrasena, the king of Vārāṇasī.
dbang chen sde|Foretold as the name of a future monarch of Kauśāmbī, during the time of the Dharma’s disappearance from our world.\nIn either case not to be confused with Mahendra or Mahā sena, neither Mahendrasena, the King of Videha; Mahendrasena, the prince of Potalaka; or Mahendrasena, the king of Vārāṇasī.
dbang chen sgron ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
dbang chen tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Indra.
dbang chen|King of the city of Potalaka, father of Mahendrasena.
dbang chen|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dbang chen|Mahendra or Mahendrāditya is another name of the Gupta emperor Kumāragupta.
dbang chen|The 285th buddha in the first list, 284th in the second list, and 284th in the third list.
dbang chen|“Great Lord,” the supreme worldly god (his true identity varies from text to text); the name of one of the Brahmās; a frequent epithet of Śiva.
dbang chen|Identified as Mahendravarman I of Kāñci, a Pallava king of the early seventh century; this name is shared also by the Khmer king Mahendravarman.
dbang du bsdu ba|One of the four primary categories of ritual activities, it involves summoning and controlling a desired target. Though the target is often a person, this category of rite also includes “magnetizing” (ākarṣaṇa; {dgug pa}) objects, wealth, and so forth.
dbang du bya ba|The activity or the magical act of enthralling.
dbang du byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dbang du byed pa|The activity or the magical act of enthralling.
dbang du gyur pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dbang du gyur pa|“Fully Controlled.” A world system in the intermediate northwest direction, where the buddha Ekachattra now dwells.
dbang du ma gyur pa ma yin pas yid mngon par dga' ba|A ruler of the Heaven Free from Strife.
dbang gi rgyal po|A particular type of jewel with great magical powers. The name suggests the ability to enchant or enthrall, or to produce things at will.
dbang gsal byin|Son of the buddha Indrama.
dbang ldan ma|One of the great mātṛs.
dbang ldan|‟Ruler,” an epithet of Rudra.
dbang ldan|Son of the buddha Guṇendrakalpa.
dbang ldan|The god Śiva. Also referred to in the MMK as Maheśvara.
dbang ldan|Belonging or relating to the god Śiva; a devotee or follower of Śiva; see “Śiva.”
dbang ldan|The lord of mātṛs; one of the kings of the Nāgasena dynasty, identified with Īśānavarman.
dbang ldan|The 683rd buddha in the first list, 682nd in the second list, and 674th in the third list.
dbang lnga|The five powers, or faculties, are those of faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and wisdom.
dbang ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
dbang mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
dbang mo|The wife of Indra; also the name of an apsaras.
dbang mo|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
dbang mo|One of the great mātṛs. Elsewhere her name is given as “Indrāṇī.”
dbang phyin|Son of the buddha Vaśavartirāja.
dbang phyug 'od|A brahmin who teaches the incantation known as The Mother of Avalokiteśvara in Sukhāvatī, the realm of the Buddha Amitābha.
dbang phyug byin|Son of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
dbang phyug chen po ma|One of the great mātṛs.
dbang phyug chen po'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.
dbang phyug chen po'i lha chen po|‟Great Lord Mahādeva,” one of the epithets of Śiva.
dbang phyug chen po'i nang spyod|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dbang phyug chen po'i rgyal po|A buddha from the northeast.
dbang phyug chen po|A name for Śiva. In chapter 44 it is the name of one of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dbang phyug chen po|An epithet of Śiva; sometimes refers specifically to one of the forms of Śiva or to Rudra.
dbang phyug chen po|“Great Lord,” the supreme worldly god (his true identity varies from text to text); the name of one of the Brahmās; a frequent epithet of Śiva.
dbang phyug chen po|Epithet applied to various gods. When used in the plural it refers to a class of gods; also the name of various kings (dealt with in separate entries).
dbang phyug chen po|A common way of referring to Śiva, the great and omnipotent god of mainstream Hindu religion. Often synonymous with Īśvara, though sometimes the two are, as in this sūtra, presented as separate deities.
dbang phyug chen po|One of the most frequently used names for Śiva. A deity of the jungles, named Rudra in the Vedas, he rose to prominence in the Purāṇic literature at the beginning of the first millennium. Often synonymous with Īśvara, but sometimes presented as a separate deity.
dbang phyug che|“Great Lord,” the supreme worldly god (his true identity varies from text to text); the name of one of the Brahmās; a frequent epithet of Śiva.
dbang phyug che|One of the most frequently used names for Śiva. The name is often synonymous with Īśvara, but it is sometimes presented as that of a separate deity.
dbang phyug che|One of the most frequently used names for Śiva. A deity of the jungles, named Rudra in the Vedas, he rose to prominence in the Purāṇic literature at the beginning of the first millennium. Often synonymous with Īśvara, but sometimes presented as a separate deity.
dbang phyug dga'|Son of the buddha Siṃha.
dbang phyug gi sde|A king who lived in the past.
dbang phyug gi yon tan gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past. His name as given in prose. In verse he is called Īśvarājita guṇa dhvaja.
dbang phyug lha|The names of two of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dbang phyug rab dga'|An epithet of Kāmadeva.
dbang phyug|Major deity in the pantheon of the classical Indian religious traditions. He is sometimes portrayed as one part of the divine triad, which also includes Brahmā and Viṣṇu.
dbang phyug|A Vedic god who, along with Brahmā, first exhorted Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. Indra’s importance in the Brahmanical pantheon was eventually eclipsed by Viṣṇu. In Buddhist literature he is also known by the name Śakra.
dbang phyug|One of the most frequently used names for Śiva. A deity of the jungles, named Rudra in the Vedas, he rose to prominence in the Purāṇic literature at the beginning of the first millennium. Often synonymous with Maheśvara, though sometimes presented as separate deities.
dbang phyug|Literally “Lord,” this is an epithet for the god Śiva but functions more generally in Buddhist texts as a generalized “supreme being” to whom the creation of the universe is attributed. It is often synonymous with Maheśvara, though sometimes the two are, as in this sūtra, presented as separate deities.
dbang phyug|The Sanskrit īśvara literally means “powerful one.” In both Indian and Tibetan literature it is often an epithet applied to Śiva. However, here where the title is given to a “supremely great almighty brahmā, sovereign of a trichiliocosm” ({tshangs pa stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten gyi bdag po dbang phyug chen po'i mchog}), the term signifies that Brahmā, or rather a brahmā, is the overseer of an entire trichiliocosm.
dbang phyug|The Sanskrit aiśvarya can be variously rendered as “sovereignty or supremacy, mastery, or might, superhuman power, or omnipotence, etc.” The term refers to the mastery or sovereignty of a buddha gained through the training on the Buddhist path to awakening and through the development of superhuman abilities or superknowledges (abhijñā) thereby, such as clairvoyance, the ability to read others’ minds, and other magical powers like the ability to walk through solid objects.
dbang po 'dul ba|A buddha in the past.
dbang po 'od|Mother of the buddha Druma.
dbang po bsdams pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
dbang po bsdams|Attendant of the buddha Satyaruta.
dbang po bsrungs|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbang po bzang|A bodhisattva.
dbang po chen po|Father of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
dbang po dbyangs|Father of the buddha Adīnaghoṣa.
dbang po drug|The six sense faculties of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind.
dbang po drug|The senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, together with a sixth “mental” sense that takes phenomena (Skt. dharma; Tib. {chos}) as its object.
dbang po dul|Son of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
dbang po dul|Mother of the buddha Sukhacittin.
dbang po dul|Father of the buddha Muniprasanna.
dbang po dul|Mother of the buddha Praśāntamala.
dbang po gnyis shu rtsa gnyis|Listed here as the eye faculty, the ear faculty, the nose faculty, the tongue faculty, the body faculty, the thought faculty, the male faculty, the female faculty, the life faculty, the suffering faculty, the pleasure faculty, the mental well-being faculty, the mental anguish faculty, the neutrality faculty, the faith faculty, the heroism faculty, the mindfulness faculty, the samādhi faculty, the wisdom faculty, the “I will completely know what I don’t yet know” faculty, the complete-knowledge faculty, and the “I have completely known” faculty.
dbang po lnga|The five faculties are those of (1) faith, (2) vigor, (3) mindfulness, (4) concentration (samādhi), and (5) wisdom (prajñā). These are similar to the five forces but in a lesser stage of development.
dbang po lnga|Faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and insight. These are the same as the five strengths at a lesser stage of development. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-003.html#UT22084-060-003-250 .
dbang po lnga|These are spiritual “faculties” (indriya) or capacities to be developed: faith (śraddhā), diligence (vīrya), mindfulness (smṛti), absorption (samādhi), and insight (prajña). These are included in the thirty-seven factors of awakening. See also “five strengths.”
dbang po lnga|The five faculties, as found listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-162 , comprise (1) the faculty of faith, (2) the faculty of perseverance, (3) the faculty of recollection, (4) the faculty of meditative stability, and (5) the faculty of wisdom.
dbang po lnga|These are called “faculties” (indriya) by analogy, as they are considered as capacities to be developed: the spiritual faculties for faith (śraddhā), effort (vīrya), mindfulness (smṛti), concentration (samādhi), and wisdom (prajña). These are included in the thirty-seven aids to enlightenment.
dbang po lnga|(1) The five sense “faculties” corresponding to the five physical senses. (2) The five spiritual “faculties” or capacities to be developed: faith (śraddhā), diligence (vīrya), mindfulness (smṛti), absorption (samādhi), and insight (prajña). These are included in the thirty-seven factors of awakening.
dbang po mngon sum|The bare experience of sensory phenomena, without conceptual overlay.
dbang po nyi shu rtsa gnyis|According to abhidharma literature, and in this text covered in the passage https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-303 – https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-396 there are twenty-two faculties: eye, nose, ear, tongue, bodily sensations, mental, female, male, of life, pleasure, displeasure, happiness, unhappiness, equanimity, faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, insight, understanding all that has not been understood, full knowledge, and endowment with full knowledge.
dbang po rgyal|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
dbang po rnams|Cognitive faculties; the five senses plus mental faculty.
dbang po sbas pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vajra (794 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbang po sbas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
dbang po sde|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbang po snang|Birthplace of the buddha Drumendra.
dbang po thams cad 'gags pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
dbang po thul ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Atibala (986 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbang po thul|A great bodhisattva.
dbang po thul|Son of the buddha Dharmabala.
dbang po tog gi rgyal mtshan gyi rgyal po|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
dbang po tog|Lit. “Indra’s victory banner.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
dbang po yongs su tshang zhing lus rab tu rgyas pa|Although not stated in precisely the same words, this description echoes some of the eighty excellent signs (asītyānuvyañjana), a subset of the 112 physical characteristics of both buddhas and cakravartins. For example, the list found in the Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines (Toh 11, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-292) describes these signs: “(15) Their body is well proportioned. (16) Their senses are completely purified. (17) Their understanding is perfectly pure.” And further down the list it reads “(36) Their [sense faculties]—the ‘gates to the sense fields’—are excellent.”
dbang po zhi|Attendant of the buddha Abhyudgata.
dbang po zhi|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusumaparvata (163 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbang po'i 'byung gnas|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Light of the Moon.
dbang po'i 'gros|Mother of the buddha Sūryapriya.
dbang po'i 'od zer|Son of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
dbang po'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Jñānarata.
dbang po'i 'od|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbang po'i blo gros|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
dbang po'i brag phug|A cave on Vaidehaka Mountain.
dbang po'i brag phug|The name of a cave on Mount Videha south of Rājagṛha.
dbang po'i brda sprod pa|Possibly the oldest school of Sanskrit grammar, by traditional accounts traced to the god Indra himself.
dbang po'i dbang phyug|A young boy, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 15.
dbang po'i dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dbang po'i gnas|A buddha realm.
dbang po'i lha|A priest; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
dbang po'i mchod sdong|Name of a nāga.
dbang po'i mchod sdong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbang po'i mgo|A certain master archer in Vaiśālī.
dbang po'i mtshon cha 'gros kyis byin|Son of the buddha Sukrama.
dbang po'i mtshon cha|Mother of the buddha Anantatejas.
dbang po'i nga ro sgrogs|Father of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
dbang po'i phur pa|More literally rendered as “Indra’s stake,” the term indrakīla is used in Indic architectural treatises to refer to any pin, nail, or bolt used to firmly bind other architectural features together. The term can also be used to refer generically to a mountain, likely due to its similar firm and unwavering nature.
dbang po'i rgyal mtshan 'od|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbang po'i rgyal mtshan tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Deveśvara.
dbang po'i rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
dbang po'i rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
dbang po'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the southwestern direction.
dbang po'i rgyal mtshan|The Dharma king that Rāhu is prophesied to become.
dbang po'i rgyal mtshan|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbang po'i rgyal mtshan|The 461st buddha in the first list, 460th in the second list, and 454th in the third list.
dbang po'i rgyal po|A buddha.
dbang po'i rgyal po|One of the eight tathāgatas.
dbang po'i rgyal po|A pore on Avalokiteśvara’s body.
dbang po'i rgyan bkod pa rnam par grags pa|Birthplace of the buddha Indrama.
dbang po'i sdong po|The foundation beam or stone of a door or gateway.
dbang po'i stobs|Father of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
dbang po'i tog dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Indra.
dbang po'i tog gi rgyal mtshan gyi rgyal po|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Exquisitely Joyful.
dbang po'i tog|A yakṣa lord.
dbang po'i tog|Father of the buddha Vidyutketu.
dbang po'i tog|Name of the twenty-fifth meditative stability.
dbang po'i tog|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbang po'i yid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
dbang pos brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Deveśvara.
dbang pos byin|Attendant of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
dbang pos byin|A householder bodhisattva in this sūtra.
dbang pos byin|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
dbang pos byin|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
dbang pos byin|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbang pos byin|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
dbang po|A major god in the Vedic pantheon, he dwindled in importance after Vedism was transformed into Hinduism in the early A.D. centuries. However, he was reinstated in Buddhist sūtras as the king of the gods and as a disciple of the Buddha and protector of the Dharma and its practicers.
dbang po|A term with a wide range of meanings. Often refers to one or all of the five faculties (faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and knowledge) that are among the https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-1953 (q.v.); or to the five sense faculties; or to one of the https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-1922 (q.v.).
dbang po|The deity, also called Mahendra (“Lord of the Devas”), who dwells on the summit of Mount Sumeru and wields the thunderbolt. He is also known as Śakra (Tib. {brgya byin}, “Hundred Offerings”). Śakra is an abbreviation of śata-kratu (“one who has performed a hundred sacrifices”). The highest Vedic sacrifice was the horse-sacrifice ritual, and there is a tradition that Indra became the lord of the gods through performing them.
dbang po|“Faculties” is a translation meant to represent the preferred etymologization of indriya in Buddhist texts as indanti, meaning “they have power,” which is also reflected in the Tibetan translation as {dbang po}. Different lists of indriyas exist within the Buddhist texts, their common trait being that they have “power” over a specific domain of activity. For example, the five sense faculties have causal power with respect to seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching.
dbang po|A term with a wide range of meanings, it often refers to the five faculties of faith, diligence, mindfulness, meditative absorption, and insight, which are among the thirty-seven aspects of awakening; or to the five sense faculties; or to one of the twenty-two faculties. There is also an alternative list of “six faculties” mentioned in this sūtra which actually seems to list eight; see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-045-001.html#UT22084-045-001-580 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-045-001.html#UT22084-045-001-581 .
dbang po|When five, they are faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and knowledge. These are the same as the five strengths. When listed as ten they refer to ten clairvoyant knowledges of a buddha: (1) the knowledge of what is possible and impossible, (2) the knowledge of the ripening of karma, (3) the knowledge of the variety of aspirations, (4) the knowledge of the variety of natures, (5) the knowledge of the different capabilities, (6) the knowledge of the destinations of all paths, (7) the knowledge of various states of meditation (concentration, liberation, absorption, etc.), (8) the knowledge of remembering previous lives, (9) the knowledge of deaths and rebirths, and (10) the knowledge of the cessation of defilements.
dbang sbas 'od zer|A buddha.
dbang sbas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Acyuta (65 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbang sgyur ma|Mother of the buddha Mahātejas.
dbang sgyur mchod sbyin grags pa'i mchod sdong blo|The hundred-and-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
dbang sgyur rgyal po|The 784th buddha in the first list, 783rd in the second list, and 773rd in the third list.
dbang sgyur rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Muktaprabha (806 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbang sgyur|Father of the buddha Pārthiva.
dbang sgyur|King of the gods of Para nirmitavaśavartin.
dbang sgyur|Head god of the Para nirmita vaśa vartin heaven.
dbang sgyur|Listed among the deities attending the Buddha’s teachings.
dbang sgyur|The principal deity in the Para nirmita vaśa vartin paradise, the highest paradise in the desire realm. The deity himself is also called Para nirmita vaśa vartin.
dbang sgyur|“Mastery.” The highest paradise in the desire realm, so named because the inhabitants have power over the emanations of others. Also called Para nirmita vaśa vartin.
dbang tog rgyal mtshan rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past, who is not mentioned in any other sūtra.
dbang|The activity or the magical act of enthralling.
dbang|The five powers: faith, mindfulness, diligence, samādhi, and wisdom.
dbang|Literally “sprinkling,” abhiṣeka is a ritual consecration that often functions as a deity empowerment. The term is also translated in this text as “initiation.”
dbang|A ritual initiation into the maṇḍala and practice system of a specific tantric deity. The term means “to anoint,” as it evokes Indic rites of royal coronation that involve sprinkling consecrated water.
dben 'gro dbang po'i 'od|A lake near Sudharma.
dben pa 'dod pa|Name of a householder, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
dben par spyod pa|Name of a teacher in a story the Buddha tells.
dben pa|This term seems here to refer to physical isolation, but it can have a mental sense as well.
dben pa|Equivalent to {med pa} (non-existent) or {stong pa} (empty), with a sense of ‘being devoid of.’
dben pa|Isolation is traditionally categorized as being of three types: (1) isolation of the body (kāyaviveka), which refers to remaining in solitude free from desirous or disturbing objects; (2) isolation of the mind (cittaviveka), which is mental detachment from desirous or disturbing objects; and (3) isolation from the “substrate” (upadhiviveka), which indicates detachment from all things that perpetuate rebirth, including the five aggregates, the afflictions, and karma.
dben pa|This may refer to either literal, bodily isolation, i.e., seclusion, or to the isolation of the mind from certain (usually undesirable) mental factors. The two senses are related, and as the relationship between the two senses is both implicitly and explicitly thematized in Buddhist texts, a single translation for both the more “outer” and the more “inner” forms of isolation is here meant to respect a clearly intended suggestion found throughout Buddhist literature. The term can also refer to conceptual isolation, i.e., discernment.
dben pa|Detachment is traditionally categorized as being of three types: (1) detachment or seclusion of the body (kāyaviveka), which refers to remaining in solitude free from desirous or disturbing objects; (2) detachment or seclusion of the mind (cittaviveka), which is mental detachment from desirous or disturbing objects; and, (3) detachment or seclusion from the “substrate” (upadhiviveka), which indicates detachment from all things that perpetuate rebirth, including the five aggregates, the kleśas, karma, etc. This last category is what is being referenced here.
dben pa|This term usually has to do with a subjective state of ‘isolation,’ ‘separation,’ or ‘withdrawal,’ rather than a metaphysical idea. The Akṣayamatinirdeśa-sūtra contains a more or less parallel discussion of {dben pa nyid} in connection with diligence: “{de la 'jug pa gang zhe na gang dge ba'i rtsa ba thams cad rtsom pa'o/ gnas pa gang zhe na. gangs sems dben pa'o}.” Jens Braarvig translates this passage: “What then is activity? Undertaking all roots of good. What then is stillness? Aloofness of thought.” (Braarvig, vol. 1, pp. 175-76; vol. 2, p. 50.) Here {sems dben pa} is glossed in the Akṣayamatinirdeśaṭīkā (of Vasubandhu or perhaps Sthiramati) as: {sems dben pa ni mi dge ba spangs pa dang dge ba rtsom pa gang la yang mi rtog pa'o}. This can be translated as, “Disengagement of one’s thought is not thinking at all about giving up the non-virtuous and undertaking the virtuous.” In any case, the term viviktatā in this context and in the Akṣayamatinirdeśa does not seem to be about emptiness, but more about a type of aloof or disengaged diligence that does not conceptualize the virtues and non-virtues of the actions undertaken.
dben zhing skyid pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
dbu ba rog rog 'bab pa|A river in Enjoyment of Scents.
dbu ba'i phreng ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dbu ba'i phreng ba|A river on Triple Horns.
dbu ba'i tshogs|A town in Videha.
dbu dgu dang ldan ma|A goddess.
dbu gdugs 'dra ba|Forty-fifth of the eighty minor marks.
dbu gtsug tor dang ldan pa|This is listed on https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2379 as the last (33rd) of the major marks.
dbu ma pa|School based on Madhyamaka, and followers of that school.
dbu ma|Teaching of the Middle Way.
dbu ma|Also rendered in this translation as “avadhūtī.”
dbu ma|Main subtle channel running roughly in front of the spine.
dbu ma|The body’s main subtle channel (nāḍī), running along the spinal column.
dbu ma|Derived from the Sanskrit expression madhyamapratipad, meaning the “Middle Way” between the extremes of eternalism and nihilism, Madhyamaka is one of the most influential among the schools of Indian Buddhist philosophy since it emphasizes the deconstruction of all conceptual elaboration and the realization of emptiness. Various sub-schools evolved in India and Tibet, based on distinctions between relative and ultimate truth, the logical methodologies of reduction ad absurdum and syllogistic reasoning, and views concerning the nature of buddha attributes.
dbu rgyan 'dzin|An area in Kuru.
dbu rmog btsan pa|A martial metaphor for the territory that falls under the rule of a particular king.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-100-001.html#UT22084-100-001-43 .
dbu skra blangs pa|A shrine built to commemorate the Buddha’s going forth.
dbu skra gyen du phyogs shing bzang la lcang lor 'khyil ba|Seventy-fourth of the eighty minor marks.
dbu skra ma 'dzings pa|Seventy-fifth of the eighty minor marks.
dbu skra ma 'khrugs pa|Seventy-third of the eighty minor marks.
dbu skra mthon ting la 'jam zhing ring ba|Seventy-second of the eighty minor marks.
dbugs 'byin chen po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dbugs 'byin ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
dbugs 'byin pa sbyin pa|Lit. “that gives relief.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
dbugs 'byin|A nāga.
dbugs 'byin|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dbugs 'byung ba dang rjes su dran pa|Eighth of the ten recollections.
dbugs can chen po|A nāga king.
dbugs chen po|“Great Breath.” The previous incarnation of the great king Virūdhaka as a nāga king who lived on Mount Meru, and who eventually went for refuge and took the fundamental precepts.
dbugs cher 'byin|A nāga.
dbugs chung|“Breath.” The previous incarnation of the great king Dhṛtarāṣṭra as a nāga king who lived on Mount Meru, he eventually went for refuge and took the fundamental precepts.
dbugs dbyung ba dang rngub pa rjes su dran pa rnam pa bcu drug|A method of meditation that requires the practitioner to be aware of different aspects of the breath and what accompanies it.
dbugs mi bde ba|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
dbugs|“Breath.” The previous incarnation of the great king Dhṛtarāṣṭra as a nāga king who lived on Mount Meru, he eventually went for refuge and took the fundamental precepts.
dbung bzang mo|One of the goddesses from Vajrapāṇī’s retinue in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī.
dbus kyi grong|A village.
dbus kyi yul|The “central region,” which seems to refer to all the regions and countries between the Vindhya and Himālaya mountains.
dbus mtha' rnam 'byed|The “Analysis of the Middle and the Extremes,” it is an important work of Vijñānavāda philosophy, said to have been received as a revelation from the future Buddha Maitreya by the great scholar and saint, Āryāsaṅga, after twelve years of meditation.
dbus pa sangs rgyas 'bum|Unidentified.
dbyangs bsnyad kyi sde|Second of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
dbyangs bsnyad|The repetition of prose passages in verse form. Literally “that which is to be chanted.” One of the nine aspects of the Dharma according to this sūtra. More commonly there are said to be twelve that include these nine.
dbyangs byin|A buddha in the distant past.
dbyangs byin|Attendant of the buddha Kusumadatta.
dbyangs byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇya pradīpa rāja.
dbyangs byin|The 562nd buddha in the first list, 562nd in the second list, and 555th in the third list.
dbyangs byin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nakṣatrarāja (15) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs bzangs|Father of the buddha Samadhyāyin.
dbyangs bzang|The 746th buddha in the first list, 745th in the second list, and 735th in the third list.
dbyangs can gyi mdog tu 'bab pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dbyangs can ma|The goddess of eloquence, learning, and music.
dbyangs can ma|Hindu goddess of art and wisdom, consort of Brahmā.
dbyangs can ma|Goddess of learning; she is visualized as part of the Perfection of Wisdom practice.
dbyangs can ma|The goddess of learning; in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala she is one of the eight goddesses of offerings.
dbyangs can ma|The goddess of music and eloquence. The Sanskrit name means “she who has flow,” or “she who has a body of water.” She was originally the personification of the Punjab river of that name.
dbyangs can|A river goddess.
dbyangs can|The goddess of speech and of learning.
dbyangs can|“The Melodious One,” the goddess of eloquence and learning.
dbyangs can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one White as the Moon.
dbyangs can|Literally “The Melodious One.” The goddess of eloquence and learning.
dbyangs can|Goddess of learning; one of the eight great yakṣiṇīs who form the retinue of Vasudharā.
dbyangs chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Asamabuddhi (737 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs chen|The 924th buddha in the first list, 923rd in the second list, and 914th in the third list.
dbyangs chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vikrāntadeva (437 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs dag dga' ba|Birthplace of the buddha Ghoṣadatta.
dbyangs dang ldan pa|The Indian goddess of eloquence and music. Also translated elsewhere as {dbyangs can}.
dbyangs dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Adīnaghoṣa.
dbyangs dpag med|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Flowered.
dbyangs gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyaraśmi (595 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs kyi blo gros|One of the māras.
dbyangs kyi blo gros|A prince in the distant past.
dbyangs kyi blo gros|The hundred-and-fourth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
dbyangs kyi dbang phyug gi rgyal po seng ge'i sgra rnam par sgrogs pa|Son of the buddha Jñānin.
dbyangs kyi dbang phyug|Father of the buddha Amitābha.
dbyangs kyi dkyil 'khor bsgribs pa med cing nga ro snyan pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
dbyangs kyi dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dbyangs kyi mchog ma|Birthplace of the buddha Nāgaruta.
dbyangs kyi nga ro dpag med|A buddha.
dbyangs kyi snod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arciṣmat (581 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs kyi yan lag dpa' bo|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dbyangs kyi yan lag khyad 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Viśiṣṭa svarāṅga.
dbyangs kyi yan lag khyad par 'phags|The 727th buddha in the first list, 726th in the second list, and 716th in the third list.
dbyangs kyi yan lag thams cad zil gyis gnon pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
dbyangs kyi yan lag|A buddha in the distant past.
dbyangs kyi yan lag|Birthplace of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
dbyangs kyis bskul|The 849th buddha in the first list, 848th in the second list, and 838th in the third list.
dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa|The repetition of prose passages in verse form. Literally “that which is to be chanted.” One of the twelve aspects of the wheel of Dharma.
dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means the repletion of prose passages in verse form.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
dbyangs kyis byin|A great bodhisattva.
dbyangs ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Samadhyāyin.
dbyangs ldan ma|The goddess of speech and of learning.
dbyangs ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Ratna svara ghoṣa.
dbyangs mchog khyad par 'phags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mokṣadhvaja.
dbyangs mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Garjitasvara.
dbyangs mchog mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yajñasvara.
dbyangs mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhagati.
dbyangs mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
dbyangs mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sarva vara guṇa prabha (694 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs mkhas|Son of the buddha Abhaya.
dbyangs mnga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnakīrti (143) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs snyan bkod pa'i sems|Son of the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka.
dbyangs snyan glog|One of Māra’s daughters.
dbyangs snyan gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimoharāja.
dbyangs snyan ma|Mother of the buddha Adīnaghoṣa.
dbyangs snyan mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaganasvara.
dbyangs snyan pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dbyangs snyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Mayūraruta.
dbyangs snyan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Askhalita buddhi.
dbyangs snyan rgyal po|The 395th buddha in the first list, 394th in the second list, and 388th in the third list.
dbyangs snyan sgrogs par mdzad pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Subāhu (100 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs snyan|Father of the buddha Amitasvara.
dbyangs snyan|Gandharva king present at the teaching of the sūtra.
dbyangs snyan|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbyangs snyan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmamuni.
dbyangs snyan|The 395th buddha in the first list, 394th in the second list, and 388th in the third list.
dbyangs snyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sucintitārtha (106 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyangs sred|Son of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
dbyangs tshad med|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Superior to All Cymbals.
dbyangs zab mo|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dbyangs zab pa|Twenty-fifth of the eighty minor marks; the additional simile comes from the Sanskrit term used in this list in other sūtras.
dbyangs zab|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbyar byed|The chief minister of Magadha.
dbyar can|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dbyar dga' ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dbyar gyi gnas pa|A three-month period during the monsoon season during which monks remain in a single abode.
dbyar sprin rab tu dang ba'i chu 'bab pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dbyar zla 'bring po|The month of Āṣāḍha.
dbyen med|Father of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
dbyer med|Father of the buddha Vajrasaṃhata.
dbyer med|Attendant of the buddha Ugraprabha.
dbyibs bzangs|A yakṣa king
dbyibs ring|A minister in the court of King Prasenajit.
dbyig 'gro ma|Mother of the buddha Rāhubhadra.
dbyig bzangs|A certain nāga, son of the nāga king Vasu.
dbyig dga'|Previous incarnation of the Buddha, a sea captain during the reign of King Brahmadatta, and son of Wealth the sea captain. He saved the lives of a number of sailors by drowning himself so that they could use his floating corpse as a buoy to safely reach shore.
dbyig gi 'od zer|Father of the buddha Supakṣa.
dbyig gi 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnayaśas (396 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyig gi snying po|Lit. “Born from a Golden [Egg]” or “Born from Gold.” An epithet of Brahmā.
dbyig gi zla ba|Father of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
dbyig gnyen|The fourth-century pupil and brother of Asaṅga and an important author and founder of the Yogācāra tradition.
dbyig gnyen|(Fourth century). The younger brother of Āryāsaṅga, he was one of the greatest scholars in Buddhist history, author of the Abhi dharma kośa, the most definitive work on the Abhidharma, and later of numerous important works on the Vijñānavāda philosophy.
dbyig gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pradīpa (221 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyig gtong|A nāga king.
dbyig la dgyes pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpaketu (427 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dbyig ldan|Epithet of Indra; when used in the plural it refers to a class of gods.
dbyig mchog|Father of the buddha Sūrata.
dbyig mchog|The 961st buddha in the first list, 960th in the second list, and 951st in the third list.
dbyig mtsho|An arhat monk whose past virtuous deeds ripened into countless glories both human and divine.
dbyig pa chen po|One of the kings of the nāgas.
dbyig rna|One of the eight yakṣa generals.
dbyig snang|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmavasu.
dbyig tog|Seventh of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
dbyigs gi snying|This figure is identified in the Blue Annals with Songtsen Gampo, the first Tibetan Buddhist king.
dbyig|A certain nāga king, father of the nāga Vasubhadra.
dbyig|A certain sea captain during the reign of King Brahmadatta (past), father of Wealth’s Delight.
dbyings su nges pa|Name of the eighth meditative stability.
dbyings|Also rendered here as “constituent.”
dbyug gu can|A brahmin.
dbyug gu|A period of 24 minutes. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-077-002.html#UT22084-077-002-162 .
dbyug gu|A staff; punishment; the duration of a single breath (from the moment of inhalation until the moment of the next inhalation).
dbyug gu|A measure used for astrological movements. This generally refers to a time span of approximately twenty-two and a half minutes or three hundred sixty breaths. This tantra correlates that with the sixty-four channels of the yogic subtle body.
dbyug mchog|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dbyug pa chen mo ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
dbyug pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dbyug sngon|A protector deity.
dbyug sngon|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi and a mantra deity.
dbyug thogs|An alternate form of the name Daṇḍapāṇi, a Śākya clan member and the father of Gopā and Yaśodharā. In The Hundred Deeds he is noted as the father of {mda' thogs}, rendered here with the potential back-translation Iṣudhara.
dbyugs 'byin pa stsol ba|Name of a buddha.
dbyung ba|A skill taught to brahmins and kings that may relate to finance or grammar.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-142 .
dbyung ba|Though classed as one of the five disciplinary acts imposed on a monk, it is the act used to restore full status to a monk upon his satisfactory completion of a disciplinary act like probation.
de bI ko Ta|One of the four auxiliary pīṭhas.
de ba phA la|The Indian king who established Vikramaśīla.
de ba tsan dra|A Tibetan translator active in the early ninth century.
de bshin gshegs pa|“The Thus-Gone One,” an epithet for the Buddha.
de bshin nyid|The state in which things are; “thusness.”
de bzhin du sbyar te|“Et cetera,” “in short,” “in brief”; a résumé of a preceding series of stanzas. Cf. Mahāvyupatti §5435https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4346.html; Edgerton 1953, p. 354a.
de bzhin gshegs pa bdun|These are the seven tathāgatas of the past: Vipaśyin, Śikhin, Viśvabhū, Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, Kāśyapa, and Śākyamuni.
de bzhin gshegs pa mthong ba|Lit. “that gives sight of the tathāgatas.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi 'od dang smon lam gyi dbyangs|A group of world realms in the eastern direction.
de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi 'od kyi dkyil 'khor rnam par snang ba|A buddha realm in the downward direction.
de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi chos kyi 'khor lo dbyangs kyi gtsug pud|A bodhisattva.
de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi chos kyi 'khor lo sgrog pa'i gtsug phud|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi sangs rgyas kyi zhing bskul ba|The name of an absorption.
de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi seng ge'i khri 'dzin pa'i cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
de bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi yul tha mi dad pa'i sgron ma|“The Lamp of the Different Ranges of All the Tathāgatas.” The name of a ray of light.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i brla|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s thigh.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i dpe byad bzang po|The eighty-minor marks that distinguish a buddha.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i gsung|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s speech.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i gzims mal|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s couch.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i mtshan|The thirty-two major marks that distinguish a buddha.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i phyag mtshan|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s sign.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rgyal mtshan|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s banner.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rgyud kyi gdung gis 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rigs las byung ba'i spyod pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva mahāsattva present in the Buddha’s assembly. His name means, “Intelligence in Conduct born from the Tathāgata Lineage.”
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rigs|One of the five buddha families, it is presided over by the Tathāgata Vairocana.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rigs|In the CMT system, this is the family of the buddha Akṣobhya, one of the five buddhas.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rigs|One of the five buddha families, the one in the center, also called the buddha family.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rigs|In the Kriyā tantras this family has a dual definition: it is either the all-inclusive family that incorporates also the Vajra, the Lotus, the Jewel, and the other families, or it is the Tathāgata family proper, where belong the deified buddha Śakyamuni, the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī, and other deities. In the higher tantras, depending on the system, this family is presided over by either the tathāgata Vairocana or the tathāgata Akṣobhya.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rigs|This term arises from a classification of beings into different groups (lineages) according to their destinies: disciple lineage, solitary buddha lineage, buddha lineage, etc. The Mādhyamika school, and the sūtras that are its foundation, maintains that all living beings belong to the buddha lineage, that Disciple Vehicle nirvāṇa is not a final destiny, and that arhats must eventually enter the Mahāyāna path. Mañjuśrī carries this idea to the extreme, finding the tathāgata lineage everywhere, in all mundane things. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-21 , and Lamotte, Appendice, Note VII.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i rus rigs 'phags|A bodhisattva.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i sku|“The body of the tathāgata,” which in this sūtra is a synonym for the dharmakāya.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i skyes bu chen po'i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|These are the major physical marks that identify the buddha body of emanation, and which, in some sources and traditions, portend the advent of a universal monarch.\nAs well as being listed in this and other Prajñā pāramitā sūtras (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-271 ), they are to be found detailed in the Lalita vistara (7.98–103 and 26.145–173), Mahā yānopadeśa, Rāṣṭra pāla paripṛcchā, Ratna gotra vibhāgottara tantra śāstra (3.17–25), Mahā vastu, and in the Pali Lakkhaṇa sutta.\nSee https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-270 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2379 .
de bzhin gshegs pa'i snang ba|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s splendor.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i snod|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s bowl.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po|A great bodhisattva.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po|The innate potential for becoming a tathāgata that all beings possess. Also refers to a class of discourses that proclaim this teaching.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i spyan|Birthplace of the buddha Arhatkīrti.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i spyan|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī. Her name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “Locanā.”
de bzhin gshegs pa'i stobs bcu|One set among the different qualities of a thus-gone one. The ten strengths are (1) the knowledge of what is possible and not possible, (2) the knowledge of the ripening of karma, (3) the knowledge of the variety of aspirations, (4) the knowledge of the variety of natures, (5) the knowledge of the different levels of capabilities, (6) the knowledge of the destinations of all paths, (7) the knowledge of various states of meditation, (8) the knowledge of remembering previous lives, (9) the knowledge of deaths and rebirths, and (10) the knowledge of the cessation of defilements.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i stobs bcu|A category of qualities that are distinctive of a thus-gone one. They are as follows: knowing what is possible and what is impossible; knowing the results of actions or the ripening of karma; knowing the various inclinations of sentient beings; knowing the various elements; knowing the supreme and lesser faculties of sentient beings; knowing the paths that lead to all destinations of rebirth; knowing the concentrations, liberations, absorptions, equilibriums, afflictions, purifications, and abidings; knowing previous lives; knowing the death and rebirth of sentient beings; and knowing the cessation of the defilements.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i stobs bcu|Distinctive qualities of a tathāgata: (1) cognizing what is and is not the case, (2) cognizing the maturation of karma, (3) cognizing the various inclinations of sentient beings, (4) cognizing various natures of the world, (5) cognizing the higher and lower faculties of beings, (6) cognizing the paths that reach everywhere, (7) cognizing the condition of either defilement or purification in other sentient beings’ faculties, strengths, parts of awakening, meditations, liberations, samādhis, and attainments, (8) cognizing previous lives, (9) cognizing the birth and death of all beings, and (10) cognizing the mind’s liberation without fluxes.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i stobs bcu|The ten powers of the tathāgatas, as presented in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-245 , are: (1) definitive knowledge that things which are possible are indeed possible; (2) definitive knowledge that things which are impossible are indeed impossible; (3) definitive knowledge, through possibilities and causes, of the maturation of past, future, and present actions, and of those who undertake such actions; (4) definitive knowledge of multiple world systems and diverse dispositions; (5) definitive knowledge of the diversity of inclinations and the multiplicity of inclinations that other sentient beings and other individuals have; (6) definitive knowledge of whether the acumen of other sentient beings and other individuals is supreme or not; (7) definitive knowledge of the paths that lead anywhere; (8) definitive knowledge of all the afflicted and purified mental states and their emergence, with respect to the faculties, powers, branches of enlightenment, aspects of liberation, meditative concentrations, meditative stabilities, and formless absorptions; (9) definitive knowledge of the recollection of multiple past abodes, and of the transference of consciousness at the death and birth of all sentient beings; and (10) definitive knowledge that through one’s own extrasensory powers one has actualized, achieved, and maintained in this very lifetime the liberation of mind and the liberation of wisdom in the state that is free from contaminants because all contaminants have ceased.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i tog|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s ensign.
de bzhin gshegs pa'i zhal|Deity personifying the tathāgata’s lip.
de bzhin gshegs pas rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
de bzhin gshegs pa|One of the standard epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni. The expression is interpreted in different ways, but in general it means one who has thus gone (Skt. tathā + gata) or one who has thus come (Skt. tathā + āgata). The etymology of this term remains unclear and has, over the centuries, been variously interpreted as one who understands (gata) the way things are (tathā), one who has come (gata) into the world like other buddhas of the past, or one who (gata) has gone to nirvāṇa like other buddhas of the past.
de bzhin gshegs pa|An epithet for a buddha. The Sanskrit compound may be ambiguously parsed to mean either “thus-gone one” (tathā + gata) or “thus-come one” (tathā + āgata); this concurs with the Tibetan translation with the verb {gshegs}, which can mean either “to come” or “to go.” The Sanskrit root √gam (“to go”) also often denotes the meaning “to understand,” while tathā refers to thusness, suchness, or the way things really are, so the tathāgata can be rendered as the one who understands things as they really are or who has gone to such a state.
de bzhin gshegs pa|A frequently used synonym for buddha. In Sanskrit, gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha(tā) is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms, and is often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness.” Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways but general implies one who has departed in the wake of the buddhas of the past, or one who has manifested the supreme awakening dependent on the reality (dharmatā) that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence.
de bzhin gshegs pa|A frequently used synonym for buddhas. According to different explanations, it can be read as tathā-gata, literally meaning “one who has thus gone,” or as tathā-agata, “one who has thus come.” Gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha (tā), often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness,” is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has departed in the wake of the buddhas of the past, or one who has manifested the supreme enlightenment dependent on the reality that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence.\nHere also used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
de bzhin gshegs pa|A frequently used synonym for buddha. According to different explanations, it can be read as tathā-gata, literally meaning “one who has thus gone,” or as tathā-āgata, “one who has thus come.” Gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha (tā), often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness,” is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has gone in the same way that the buddhas of the past have gone, or one who has manifested the supreme awakening dependent on the reality that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence.\nHere also used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
de bzhin gshegs pa|The term tathāgata is formed by the indeclinable tathā (“thus,” “in that manner”) and gata, a participle from the root gam (“to go,” but also, like all Sanskrit roots indicating going or reaching, “to understand”). According to the sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa commentary on the Mahāvyutpatti, the Tathāgata is one who has “gone in the same way that all the past buddhas have gone” ({sngon gyi sangs rgyas rnams ji ltar gshegs zhing phyin pa}) and also “someone who has understood the nature, i.e., the tathatā, of all the dharmas, as it is” ({chos thams cad gyi rang bzhin de bzhin nyid ji lta ba mkhyen}).\nThe Nibandhana commentary on Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings derives tathāgata from the root gad (“to speak,” “to say”) and interprets it as meaning that “he teaches the Dharma just as it is, without distortion” (tathaivāviparīta dharmaṁ gadatīti, Samtani 1971, p. 242).\nAnother explanation of the term tathāgata can be found in The Diamond Cutter Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh16.html: “Tathāgata, Subhūti, is explained as not gone anywhere, not arrived from anywhere; in this sense he is called the tathāgata, the arhat, the perfect, complete Buddha.” (tathāgata iti subhūte ucyate na kvacidgato na kutaścidāgataḥ tenocyate tathāgato 'rhan samyak saṃbuddha iti, Vaidya 1961, p. 88).
de bzhin nyid 'od|The seventy-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
de bzhin nyid du sgrub|To practice “for suchness” or “in suchness” is, from the perspective of the perfection of wisdom, to practice the indivisible unity of the ultimate and conventional thought of awakening. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-3518 .
de bzhin nyid la gnas shing sems med pa|Name of the 108th meditative stability.
de bzhin nyid la gnas shing sems med pa|Lit. “stability of nonthought in suchness.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
de bzhin nyid la sgrub|To practice “for suchness” or “in suchness” is, from the perspective of the perfection of wisdom, to practice the indivisible unity of the ultimate and conventional thought of awakening. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-3518 .
de bzhin nyid|Literally, “thusness,” as it is indescribable.
de bzhin nyid|The ultimate nature of things beyond all concepts.
de bzhin nyid|A synonym for emptiness, this term refers to the ultimate nature of things, the way things are in reality.
de bzhin nyid|The true state or nature of things. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-049-001.html#UT22084-049-001-296 .
de bzhin nyid|The ultimate nature of things, or the way things are in reality, as opposed to the way they appear to non-enlightened beings.
de bzhin nyid|The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Akin to other terms rendered here as thatness (tattva, {de kho na nyid}), true reality (bhūtatā, {yang dag pa nyid}), and reality (dharmatā, {chos nyid}).
de kho na nyid kyi phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
de kho na nyid|The ultimate nature of things, the way things are in reality as opposed to the way they appear to beings who have not awakened.
de kho na nyid|Literally “thatness.” This term refers to the ultimate nature of things, the way things are in reality.\nNote that the term “reality” has also been used to render terms of similar meaning such as {yang dag nyid} and others.
de kho na nyid|The nature of things or their actual state, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Akin to other terms rendered here as suchness (tathatā, {de bzhin nyid}), true reality (bhūtatā, {yang dag pa nyid}), and reality (dharmatā, {chos nyid}).
de kho na|The true state or nature of things. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-049-001.html#UT22084-049-001-296 .
de la chags|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
de lta bu byung ba'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
de lta bu byung ba'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
de lta bu byung ba'i sde|Seventh of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
de lta bu byung ba'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
de lta bu byung ba|Accounts of the lives of past buddhas and bodhisattvas. Literally “thus it has happened.” One of the twelve aspects of the wheel of Dharma.
de lta byung|Accounts of the lives of past buddhas and bodhisattvas. Literally “thus it has happened.” One of the nine aspects of the Dharma according to this sūtra. More commonly there are said to be twelve that include these nine.
de nyid|The true state or nature of things. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-049-001.html#UT22084-049-001-296 .
de nyid|Literally “thatness.” This term refers to the ultimate nature of things, the way things are in reality.\nNote that the term “reality” has also been used to render terms of similar meaning such as {yang dag nyid} and others.
de nyid|Literally “thatness”—in the general sense it is the true nature or reality of things; in a ritual sense (as, for example, “the principle of the bell”), it is the principle (in this case wisdom) that has become in the ritual the nature of the bell.
de'i rang bzhin du mi gnas pa|The name of a bodhisattva. “Naturally Nonabiding.”
ded dpon bzang po|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
ded dpon bzang po|A god identified as a child of Māra.
ded dpon bzang po|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ded dpon bzang po|A householder and one of the main interlocutors of this sūtra.
ded dpon bzang po|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
ded dpon bzang po|A bodhisattva listed as one of the sixteen holy beings attending this teaching.
ded dpon chen po|A great bodhisattva.
ded dpon chen po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣmat.
ded dpon|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ded dpon|The 12th buddha in the first list, 12th in the second list, and 12th in the third list.
ded dpon|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmaghoṣa (541 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ded dpon|A māraputra, member of the māra type of nonhuman being often rendered as “demon” but in this case without a negative or harmful character.
ded dpon|A leading merchant or leader of a merchant caravan; this epithet is often used for the Buddha in his capacity as an eminent leader, guide, and protector. It evokes the traditionally close ties between Buddhist and mercantile communities in South and Central Asia.
ded dpon|One of Māra's sons who developed faith in the Buddha. Along with numerous other sons of Māra, he tried to dissuade Māra, the evil one, from attacking the prince Siddhārtha on the evening of his awakening. See The Play in Full (Toh 95), https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-1461 and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-1490.
der gnas|The 232nd buddha in the first list, 231st in the second list, and 231st in the third list.
des dga'|Mother of the buddha Sudatta.
des ldan|Son of the buddha Māradama.
des pa po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arhadyaśas (277 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
des pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suraśmi.
des pa'i blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnavyūha (492 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
des pa|Attendant of the buddha Vigatatamas.
des pa|The name of a buddha, a monk, and a bodhisattva.
des pa|Son of the trader Sudhana of Pāṭaliputra, he had gone forth as a monk.
des pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāprabha.
des pa|The 251st buddha in the first list, 250th in the second list, and 250th in the third list.
des pa|A poor city-dweller in Śrāvastī and protagonist of the text. Poor in resources, he is endowed with the proverbial wealth of virtue. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-043-008.html#UT22084-043-008-11 .
dga ba'i sde|A great bodhisattva.
dga' 'byor|Father of the buddha Bhavānta maṇi gandha.
dga' 'byung|A buddha realm.
dga' 'byung|A lake near Sudharma.
dga' 'byung|Name of a bodhisattva.
dga' 'byung|The city where the Buddha Divine King of Brahmā’s Splendor was born.
dga' 'dod|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
dga' 'dod|A prince who in a future life became the buddha Anunnata.
dga' 'dul|Birthplace of the buddha Maṅgala.
dga' 'dzin tshad med|A region in South India.
dga' 'dzin|Son of the buddha Arthakīrti.
dga' 'gro ma|Mother of the buddha Jīvaka.
dga' 'od|Son of the buddha Bhānumat.
dga' 'od|Father of the buddha Toṣaṇa.
dga' 'phel|A country or town.
dga' 'phel|A location in Jambudvīpa.
dga' ba 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
dga' ba 'byung ba|A city in the world called Emanation.
dga' ba 'byung|Birthplace of the buddha Lokasundara.
dga' ba 'dod|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānābhibhū.
dga' ba 'dzin pa|A town in South India.
dga' ba 'phags pa'i bskal pa|Name of an eon (kalpa).
dga' ba bde ba|Fourth of the five great kings.
dga' ba bkod pa mtha' yas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka.
dga' ba bkod pa|The world within which Ratnavara will attain enlightenment.
dga' ba bkod|The 317th buddha in the first list, 316th in the second list, and 311th in the third list.
dga' ba blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhadatta.
dga' ba byed pa|Name of the thirty-ninth meditative stability.
dga' ba byed pa|A magical tree. The name means “bestowing delight.”
dga' ba byed pa|Lit. “causing delight.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
dga' ba bzang mo|Mother of the buddha Sthitabuddhi.
dga' ba bzang po|A buddha realm.
dga' ba bzang po|A city in Videha.
dga' ba bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Suvayas.
dga' ba bzang po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the second buddha Kusuma.
dga' ba bzang|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāpradīpa.
dga' ba bzhi|The four types of bliss arising during sexual intercourse, the full understanding of which leads to liberation.
dga' ba can|Mother of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
dga' ba can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vairocana.
dga' ba chen po|A forest in Endowed with Increasing Bliss.
dga' ba dad|Birthplace of the buddha Bhavānta maṇi gandha.
dga' ba dang bcas par skyed pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Devoid of Sorrow.
dga' ba dang mgu ba dang tshim pa thams cad yang dag par bskyed pa|Name of an absorption.
dga' ba du ma|A lake near Flow of Beauty.
dga' ba grags 'dzin ma|Mother of the buddha Suraśmi.
dga' ba gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Vegajaha.
dga' ba la rnam par mos pa'i dpal|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dga' ba lnga|A pleasure garden in Moving Like the Moon.
dga' ba ma|‟Pleasure,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs; one of the eight great yakṣiṇīs; the wife of Kāmadeva.
dga' ba mchog|Lit. “Supreme Happiness.” Name of four lotus ponds, each located in one of the four gardens of the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
dga' ba mtha' yas grags|The 964th buddha in the first list, 963rd in the second list, and 954th in the third list.
dga' ba mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Vimuktacūḍa.
dga' ba rab sbyin|Birthplace of the buddha Bhadrapāla.
dga' ba rgya mtsho|Mother of the buddha Jñānākara.
dga' ba rnam par snang ba|Birthplace of the buddha Somaraśmi.
dga' ba sbyangs|Mother of the buddha Padmaraśmi.
dga' ba sgrogs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Satyaketu.
dga' ba sgrogs|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmadatta.
dga' ba skyed pa'i bkod pa|The world of the Dharma king Banner of the Lord.
dga' ba skyed pa|A magical tree. The name means “bringing joy.”
dga' ba skyed pa|The name of a garden grove in the divine realm of the Four Great Kings.
dga' ba sna tshogs la gnas par grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Padmahastin.
dga' ba sna tshogs|A grove.
dga' ba spong ba|Name of the fifty-eighth meditative stability.
dga' ba spong ba|Lit. “enjoyment forsaking” (other versions have {'khrug pa spong pa}: “upset forsaking”). Name of a meditative stabilization.
dga' ba stsogs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Manujacandra.
dga' ba yang dag byang chub kyi yan lag|Fourth of the seven branches of enlightenment.
dga' ba'i 'dod chags|The Nibandhana explains that “rejoicing” refers to a happy, joyful mind (saumanasya).
dga' ba'i 'od kyi dpal shin tu sbyangs pa|The daughter of a courtesan in another world in the distant past, a previous life of Gopā. In verse she is called Saṃcālitā.
dga' ba'i 'od|Son of the buddha Gandhahastin.
dga' ba'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Vasuśreṣṭha.
dga' ba'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Kusumadatta
dga' ba'i 'od|The palace of a king known as Puṇyodgata.
dga' ba'i 'od|The 903rd buddha in the first list, 902nd in the second list, and 893rd in the third list.
dga' ba'i 'od|A goddess in another world in the distant past who informs a courtesan’s daughter of the presence of a buddha.
dga' ba'i blo|Birthplace of the buddha Arhaddeva.
dga' ba'i bzhin|A land in the east of Jambudvīpa.
dga' ba'i chu|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks ({dga' ba'i chu}). (2) A river on Saṅkāśa ({rab tu dga' bar gyur pa'i chu}).
dga' ba'i dbang phyug ma|‟Goddess of Desire,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs as well as one of the eight great yakṣinīs.
dga' ba'i dbang phyug|Father of the buddha Surūpa.
dga' ba'i dbang phyug|Son of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
dga' ba'i dbang phyug|One of the four auxiliary pīṭhas.
dga' ba'i dbang phyug|The bull of Śiva who serves as his vehicle.
dga' ba'i dbang phyug|This seems to be another name of Nandi, Śiva’s bull.
dga' ba'i dbang phyug|The 296th buddha in the first list, 295th in the second list, and 295th in the third list.
dga' ba'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Gaṇendra.
dga' ba'i dbyangs|Father of the buddha Nandeśvara.
dga' ba'i dbyangs|Mother of the buddha Gaganasvara.
dga' ba'i dbyangs|Son of the buddha Sarvārtha darśin.
dga' ba'i dbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmasvara.
dga' ba'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sudarśana.
dga' ba'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śubha cīrṇa buddhi (720 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dga' ba'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
dga' ba'i dpal|A buddha of the zenith.
dga' ba'i dpal|Lit. “Glorious Delight.” A buddha in a world system called Nandā, in the direction above.
dga' ba'i dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Indra (582 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dga' ba'i gzi brjid grags|Attendant of the buddha Praśasta.
dga' ba'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Sūrata.
dga' ba'i mig|Father of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
dga' ba'i mig|Attendant of the buddha Yaśaketu.
dga' ba'i mig|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nanda.
dga' ba'i mthu rtsal can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vikrāntagamin.
dga' ba'i nga ro|Son of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.
dga' ba'i nga ro|Mother of the buddha Susthita.
dga' ba'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amitayaśas.
dga' ba'i nyi ma bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Devarāja.
dga' ba'i phreng ba|A town in South India.
dga' ba'i rgyal mtshan|A town in another world in the distant past.
dga' ba'i rgyud|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhaketu.
dga' ba'i sde|A great bodhisattva.
dga' ba'i sems|Son of the buddha Vajrasena.
dga' ba'i snying po|The realm of the Buddha Ratnaśrī.
dga' ba'i snying po|A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dga' ba'i spobs pa|A great bodhisattva.
dga' ba'i spos|A buddha realm.
dga' ba'i sprin|Birthplace of the buddha Vibodhana.
dga' ba'i spyan|A buddha.
dga' ba'i tog|Son of the buddha Śrīdeva.
dga' ba'i tshal|A forest of Indra.
dga' ba'i tshal|A forest on the southern face of Sumeru.
dga' ba'i tshal|One of the four divine pleasure gardens.
dga' ba'i tshal|Another name for the Forest of Amusements in Moving in the Stream.
dga' ba'i tshal|“The Pleasure Grove”; the chief of the parks in Sudarśana city, where the resident gods of the city, headed by Śakra (Indra), go for their amusement.
dga' ba'i tshal|“Grove of Delight.” One of the four heavenly groves outside the city of Sudarśana on Mount Meru. It owes its name to the fact that anyone who enters it becomes joyous and happy, as it offers all sorts of sense pleasures.
dga' ba'i zas|One of the four kinds of food.
dga' ba'i zla ba|A brahmin youth.
dga' ba'i zla ba|Father of the buddha Somaraśmi.
dga' bar 'bab pa|A river in the Swan Forest.
dga' bar byed pa|An absorption.
dga' bar byed pa|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dga' bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Praśāntadoṣa.
dga' bar grags pa'i 'od|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dga' bar gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Rāhudeva (114 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dga' bas 'gro|Son of the buddha Muktiskandha.
dga' bas 'gro|Birthplace of the buddha Śanairgāmin.
dga' bas 'jug pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dga' bas bltas|Birthplace of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
dga' bas brgyan pa|A royal capital in another world realm in the distant past.
dga' bas brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇāgradhārin.
dga' bas byin|Bodhisattva of the zenith.
dga' bas byin|Mother of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
dga' bas byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇabāhu.
dga' bas byin|Lit. “Delight Given.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Nandā, in the direction above, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
dga' bas gang ba|“Filled with Joy.” The name of a future eon in which Mahā maudgalyāyana will become a buddha.
dga' bas lha|Father of the buddha Vijitāvin.
dga' bas lta|Mother of the buddha Amogharaśmi.
dga' bas lta|Birthplace of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
dga' bas lta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
dga' bas mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāgaruta.
dga' bas mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
dga' bas rab tu 'dzum pa'i 'od dri ma med pa|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
dga' bas rgyas pa yang dag par rtogs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Yaśas.
dga' bas tshim|Birthplace of the buddha Anihatavrata.
dga' ba|The third of the four immeasurables, the others being loving kindness, compassion, and equanimity.
dga' ba|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks ({longs spyod du gyur ba}). (2) Refers to Dwelling in Enjoyment ({dga' ba}).
dga' ba|One of the notorious “group of six” monks whose antics and heavy-handed interference prompted a great many of the Buddha’s injunctions on conduct.
dga' ba|One of the four practices of spiritual practitioners and one of the four immeasurables (the other three being: loving-kindness or love, compassion, and equanimity.
dga' ba|Lit. “Happiness.” Name of four lotus ponds, each located in one of the four gardens of the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
dga' ba|652−710 ce. He went from Khotan to China, where he translated the Avataṃsaka Sūtra. The Tibetan should be {bslab pa dga' ba} but translates only the nanda half of the name.
dga' bo dang nye dga' bo|One of the nāga kings.
dga' bo|The Buddha’s half-brother, who became one of his principal pupils. Also the name for the nāga king usually associated with Upananda.
dga' bo|Along with Upananda, one of King Mahā deva’s two chief ministers in the city of Mithilā.\nNot to be confused with “Nanda,” a certain nāga.
dga' bo|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; a nāga king; a Magadhan king, the successor of Śūrasena; a tantric scholar of the early medieval period.
dga' bo|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas; one of the pratyeka buddhas in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī.
dga' bo|Prince Nanda was the younger half-brother of Siddhārtha Gautama (the Buddha Śākyamuni); his mother was Mahāprajāpatī Gotamī, Siddhārtha Gautama’s maternal aunt. Nanda was an important monastic disciple of the Buddha.
dga' bo|One of eight mythological nāga kings.\nThe story of the two nāga kings Nanda and Upananda and their taming by the Buddha and Maudgalyāyana is told in the Vinayavibhaṅga (Toh 3, D vol. 6, {'dul ba}, {ja}, F.221a–224a).
dga' bral dga' ba|The third joy, interpreted as intense joy in the Kālacakra system, where it supplants the joy of cessation of the Yoginī Tantra. While both these meanings can be derived from the Sanskrit viramānanda, the Tibetan {dga' bral dga' ba} seems to reflect only the joy of cessation.
dga' bral ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
dga' byed chen po|The name of a garuḍa in his past life as a monk-student of the Buddha Kanakamuni.
dga' byed dbang phyug|One of the attendants on Śiva.
dga' byed dbang phyug|This seems to be another name of Nandi, Śiva’s bull.
dga' byed gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
dga' byed gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
dga' byed ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
dga' byed ma|Goddess invoked to obtain power, riches, and splendor.
dga' byed mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Priyaprasanna.
dga' byed|The seventh incarnation of Viṣṇu.
dga' byed|Father of the buddha Madhuvaktra.
dga' byed|Attendant of the buddha Ananta rati kīrti.
dga' byed|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
dga' byed|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
dga' byed|The name of a garuḍa in his past life as a monk-student of the Buddha Kanakamuni.
dga' byin|Son of the buddha Ratna.
dga' bzang mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dga' bzang|One of the apsarases.
dga' bzhi|The four types of bliss arising during sexual intercourse, the full understanding of which leads to liberation.
dga' chen|Son of the buddha Suvayas.
dga' chen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
dga' dang grags|Son of the buddha Vāsanottīrṇa gati.
dga' dbyangs 'dam bu|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.
dga' dbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Aśoka.
dga' khyab ma|It is unclear who this might be.
dga' las 'das|One of the deities invited to partake in the oblation offering.
dga' ldan gyi gnas|Heaven of Joy, the fourth heaven in the desire realm.
dga' ldan gyi gnas|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, counted among the six heavens of the desire realm, it is home of future Buddha Maitreya.
dga' ldan gyi gnas|A divine world located in the desire realm. In Great Vehicle Buddhist thought, it is where all future buddhas dwell prior to their awakening.
dga' ldan gyi gnas|One of the six heavens of the desire realm; in Great Vehicle Buddhist thought, it is where all future buddhas dwell prior to their awakening.
dga' ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
dga' ldan ma|One of King Inexhaustible Merit’s queens.
dga' ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dga' ldan|The celestial realm where a bodhisattva is born before being reborn as a Buddha in the human realm. Second of the group of four heavens immediately above the peak of Mount Meru.
dga' ldan|The fourth of the six heavens of the desire realm. The heaven from which Śākyamuni descended to be born into this world and where all future buddhas dwell prior to their awakening.
dga' ldan|A heaven, the fourth level of the heavens of the realm of desire, and the last stopping place of a buddha before his descent and reincarnation on earth; at present the abode of the future Buddha Maitreya.
dga' ldan|The fourth level of the heavens of the realm of desire, and the last stopping place of a buddha before his descent and reincarnation on Earth. According to Buddhist cosmology, it is presently the abode of the future Buddha Maitreya.
dga' ldan|Lit. “The Contented.” The fourth of the six heavens of the desire realm; also the name of the gods living there. It is the paradise in which the Buddha Śākyamuni lived as the tenth level bodhisattva Śvetaketu ({dam pa tog dkar po}) and regent, prior to his birth in this world, and where all future buddhas dwell prior to their awakening. At present the regent of Tuṣita is the bodhisattva Maitreya, the future buddha.
dga' ldan|The heaven of “the contented.” This is the fourth heaven in the realm of sense pleasure (kāmadhātu), above the Yāma heaven. While not the highest heaven, it is considered the best heaven to be reborn in, since bodhisattvas reside and teach there before their final birth when they become buddhas. It is presently the abode of the bodhisattva Maitreya, who received the crown for this heaven from the bodhisattva Śvetaketu when the latter decided to take birth in the Śākya family in order to become the Buddha Śākyamuni, as described in The Play in Full (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html).
dga' ma dang yid 'ong ma|In the Tibetan, divided into two characters, “Rati” and “Priyā.”
dga' ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dga' ma|Young woman of Serika village, who, along with Nandabalā, is credited in this text and in the Divyāvadāna with giving honeyed porridge prepared from milk to Gautama prior to his enlightenment.
dga' ma|[The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. Here, the term “consort” has been used to render slighty different concepts or views of the female consort, most important of them are: mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā.\nMudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies, (also rendered here as “wisdom consort.”]
dga' ma|The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. In this translation the term “consort” has been used to render different terms with slighty different concepts of the female consort, the most important being mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā. Mudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies (see also “wisdom consort”).
dga' mchog|A buddha.
dga' mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Toṣaṇa.
dga' mchog|Mother of the buddha Maṇidharman.
dga' mchog|Name of a city built for Puṇyaraśmi’s enjoyment by his father, King Arciṣmān.
dga' mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna raśmi.
dga' mdzad|The 459th buddha in the first list, 458th in the second list, and 452nd in the third list.
dga' mgu|Mother of the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa.
dga' mo|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dga' mo|One of two sisters who nursed Siddhārtha Gautama after his six years of austerities.
dga' mo|Young woman of Serika village, who, along with Nandabalā, is credited in this text and in the Divyāvadāna with giving honeyed porridge prepared from milk to Gautama prior to his enlightenment.
dga' mthong|A king.
dga' rgyal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
dga' sbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Dundubhi megha svara.
dga' sde|Attendant of the buddha Amitābha.
dga' sde|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
dga' sdug|A bodhisattva.
dga' sdug|Son of the buddha Amarapriya.
dga' sdug|Mother of the buddha Sthitamitra.
dga' sdug|Attendant of the buddha Jñānakrama.
dga' sdug|Birthplace of the buddha Niyatabuddhi.
dga' skyong|A potter.
dga' spobs|Name of a bodhisattva.
dga' spyod|A great bodhisattva.
dga' spyod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnacandra.
dga' sred|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhu.
dga' stobs|One of two sisters who nursed Siddhārtha Gautama after his six years of austerities.
dga' stobs|The 918th buddha in the first list, 917th in the second list, and 908th in the third list.
dga' stobs|Young woman of Serika village, who, along with Nandā, is credited in this text and in the Divyāvadāna with giving honeyed porridge prepared from milk to Gautama prior to his enlightenment.
dga' tog|The 303rd buddha in the first list, 302nd in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
dga' yod gnas brtan ka pi na|A disciple of the Buddha. The Tibetan instance of {dga' yod gnas brtan ka pi na}, which would render the name “Nandika Kapphiṇa,” is read in the Sanskrit source as brāhmaṇa kapphiṇas sthaviraḥ, “the elder Brāhmaṇa kapphiṇa.” This figure seems to be identical to Brāhmaṇa kapphiṇa.
dga' yod|A disciple of the Buddha.
dga' zhing dang ba'i grags pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dga' zhing mchog tu dga' byed|Name of a bodhisattva.
dga' zhing sdug la tshangs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmā.
dga'i ba'i ri'i nags|A forest on Upward Ocean.
dgag dbye can|A mango forest.
dgag dbye|A ceremony in which restrictions adopted for the rains retreat are relaxed, marking its end. Also short for the Vinayavastu’s third chapter on the same.
dgang gzar|Sacrificial wooden ladle with a long arm.
dgar ba|A nāga.
dgas mchod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnadeva (189 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dge 'dun 'tsho|A disciple of Śāriputra who was abducted by nāgas and taken back to their land under the sea where he helped three young nāgas memorize the Four Āgamas, thereby establishing the sūtras in the land of the nāgas.
dge 'dun brtan|The 409th buddha in the first list, 408th in the second list, and 402nd in the third list.
dge 'dun lhag ma|One of five types of offenses a monk can incur. Second only to a defeat in severity, there are thirteen saṅgha stigmata. Offenses against the monastic vows are classed as either atonable (Skt. sāvaśeṣa; Tib. {lhag bcas}) or unatonable (Skt. nirvaśeṣa; Tib. {lhag med}). Unatonable offenses, such as defeats, entail loss of one’s monk- or nunhood while atonable offenses can be atoned for in prescribed ways, according to the severity of the offense. When a monk incurs an offense whose remnant is restored by the saṅgha, the saṅgha imposes a probation and penance during which the monk must endure a loss of status and privilege and give regular reports on his conduct. Upon completion of this period of probation and penance, the saṅgha may then reinstate the monk with full honors and privileges. There is no consensus on the exact referent of the Sanskrit term vaśeṣa or its Tibetan translation {lhag ma}, though it seems to refer to the “remnant” or “remainder” of a monastic’s precepts that persist in the wake of atonable offenses. The translation “saṅgha stigmata”—literally “saṅgha remnant”—follows Kalyāṇamitra’s gloss: a group of “saṅgha” meet to impose a disciplinary act upon an offending monk who retains a remnant of his monastic precepts (Kalyāṇamitra, folio 292.a.6–7).
dge 'dun phal chen po'i sde|One of the early schools of Buddhism, within which views such as the transcendence of the Buddha formed the basis for the rise of Mahāyāna.
dge 'dun rjes su dran pa|Third of the ten recollections.
dge 'dun skyong|A temple on Mount Gośṛṅga.
dge 'dun|A congregation of monks, or the totality of the Buddha’s monks regarded as the jewel of the Saṅgha (one of the Three Jewels). Also translated here as “congregation.”
dge 'dun|The community of followers of the Buddha’s teachings, often referring to the monastic community and sometimes to the community of realized bodhisattvas that are not visible to ordinary beings.
dge 'dun|Though often specifically reserved for the monastic community, this term can be applied to any of the four Buddhist communities—monks, nuns, laymen, and lay women—as well as the community of bodhisattvas.
dge 'dun|The third of the Three Jewels (Triratna) of Buddhism, the Buddha, the Teaching, and the Community. Sometimes narrowly defined as the community of mendicants, it can be understood as including lay practitioners.
dge 'dun|Explained as a “cohesive assembly,” saṅgha refers ultimately to those who have realized the nature of reality in accordance with the Buddhist path or, in a more conventional sense, with an assembly of monastics.
dge 'dun|The community of followers of the Buddha; the third of the triad, the “Three Jewels,” in which Buddhists take refuge. In a narrower sense, it can refer to a congregation of monastics or of advanced bodhisattvas. Also translated here as “community.”
dge 'od|Mother of the buddha Śubha cīrṇa buddhi.
dge ba 'byung ba|The name of an eon.
dge ba bcu'i lam|The opposites of the ten nonvirtuous courses of action (as they occur in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-039.html#UT22084-072-039-322 ; note that only nine actions are listed): Abstaining from killing, stealing, leading an unchaste life, lying, divisive talk, [abusive language], trivial talk, greed, hatred, and wrong views.
dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|Usually expressed as the opposites of the ten unwholesome courses of action, i.e., not killing living beings, etc.
dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|Not engaging in the paths of the ten nonvirtuous actions: killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, gossip, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.
dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|A collective term for the ten virtues, i.e., refraining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct (with the body); lying, slander, harsh words, gossip (with speech); covetousness, malice, and wrong views (with the mind).
dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|The opposites of the ten nonvirtuous courses of action (as they occur in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-039.html#UT22084-072-039-322 ; note that only nine actions are listed): Abstaining from killing, stealing, leading an unchaste life, lying, divisive talk, [abusive language], trivial talk, greed, hatred, and wrong views.
dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|These are the opposite of the ten sins, i.e., refraining from engaging in activities related to the ten sins and doing the opposite. There are three physical virtues: saving lives, giving, and sexual propriety. There are four verbal virtues: truthfulness, reconciling discussions, gentle speech, and religious speech. There are three mental virtues: loving attitude, generous attitude, and right views. The whole doctrine is collectively called the “tenfold path of good action” (daśa kuśala karma patha).
dge ba bcu'i las|The opposite of the standard nonvirtuous actions (three of the body, four of the speech, and three of the mind).
dge ba bcu'i las|Abstaining from killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.
dge ba bcu'i las|Not engaging in the ten bad actions: killing, taking what is not given, practicing sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, idle talk, covetousness, malice, and false view.
dge ba bcu'i las|Refraining from the ten unvirtuous actions, i.e., not killing, not stealing, not engaging in sexual misconduct, not lying, not speaking divisively, not speaking harshly, not gossiping, not being covetous, not being malicious, and not having wrong views.
dge ba bcu'i las|These are the opposite of the ten unwholesome actions. There are three physical virtues: saving lives, giving, and sexual propriety. There are four verbal virtues: truthfulness, reconciling discussions, gentle speech, and religious speech. There are three mental virtues: a loving attitude, a generous attitude, and right views.
dge ba bcu'i las|(1) Not killing (prāṇātighātād virati, {srog gcod spong ba}), (2) not stealing (adattādānād virati, {ma byin par len pa spong ba}), (3) not indulging in sexual misconduct (kāmamithyācārād virati, {log g.yem spong ba}), (4) not lying (mṛṣāvādāt prativirati, {brdzun spong ba}), (5) not slandering (pāiśunyāt prativirati, {khra ma spong ba}), (6) not using harsh words (pāruṣyāt prativirati, {tshig rtsub spong ba}), (7) not indulging in idle gossip (sambhinna pralāpāt prativirati, {ngag 'khyal spong ba}), (8) not being covetous (abhidhyāyāḥ prativirati, {brnab sems spong ba}), (9) not wishing harm on others (vyāpādāt prativirati, {gnod sems spong ba}), (10) not holding wrong view (mithyādṛṣṭeḥ prativirati, {log lta spong ba}) (Rigzin 45).
dge ba bcu|Abstaining from the ten nonvirtuous actions. Namely, abstaining from killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.
dge ba bcu|The ten virtuous actions are divided into three modes of excellent physical conduct, four modes of excellent verbal conduct, and three modes of excellent mental conduct.\nSee https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2260 .
dge ba bcu|Abstaining from: killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views. These are collectively called the “ten courses of virtuous action” (daśakuśalakarmapatha).
dge ba bcu|These are the opposite of the ten sins, i.e., refraining from engaging in activities related to the ten sins and doing the opposite. There are three physical virtues: saving lives, giving, and sexual propriety. There are four verbal virtues: truthfulness, reconciling discussions, gentle speech, and religious speech. There are three mental virtues: loving attitude, generous attitude, and right views. The whole doctrine is collectively called the “tenfold path of good action” (daśa kuśala karma patha).
dge ba bkod pa|A king in the distant past.
dge ba bkod pa|A supreme god, or Brahmā, of another universe, who visits our universe to converse with Aniruddha about the divine eye, and is taught instead by Vimalakīrti in Chap. 3.
dge ba brgya stong gi me tog kun tu rgyas pa|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
dge ba brgya stong gis rab tu brgyan pa'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mayūra.
dge ba brtsegs|Attendant of the buddha Sumedhas.
dge ba bsags|A world system.
dge ba bzang mo|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara (translated as {dge ba yod pa}). Also a daughter in Dhanyākara (translated as {dge ba bzang mo}).
dge ba can|Mother of the buddha Bhīṣaṇa.
dge ba chung ba|The lowest of the three paradises that correspond to the third dhyāna in the form realm.
dge ba dga'|Father of the buddha Yaśoratna.
dge ba dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇendradeva.
dge ba dpal|A Tibetan translator active in Tibet in the late eighth to early ninth century.
dge ba dri ma med pa rnam dag rin chen zla 'od rgyal po|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
dge ba dri ma med pa'i snying po|A great bodhisattva.
dge ba kun tu 'byung ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anantatejas.
dge ba sbyang ba'i gnas|A forest hermitage or place of practice for a renunciant practitioner.
dge ba snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Śubha cīrṇa buddhi.
dge ba sogs pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Peak of Pure Conduct.
dge ba yod pa|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara (translated as {dge ba yod pa}). Also a daughter in Dhanyākara (translated as {dge ba bzang mo}).
dge ba yongs su rdzogs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dge ba'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Brahmarāja.
dge ba'i 'od|A kalpa in the distant past. The name means “Good Light.”
dge ba'i 'od|The 704th buddha in the first list, 703rd in the second list, and 693rd in the third list.
dge ba'i bcu|Abstaining from killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.
dge ba'i blo gros|A sage.
dge ba'i blo gros|Mother of the buddha Kṣemapriya.
dge ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva prince who was a former incarnation of the Buddha.
dge ba'i blo gros|One of the three translators responsible for the canonical translation of the SEV.
dge ba'i blo gros|Ma Gewai Lodrö ({ma dge ba'i blo gros}), a Tibetan lotsāva, was an important disciple of Rinchen Zangpo ({rin chen bzang po}, 958-1055) who translated several texts with Atiśa and worked with the Kaśmīri master Subhūti śri bhadra to translate a number of pramāṇa texts.
dge ba'i bshes gnyen|A general term to denote a qualified spiritual teacher.
dge ba'i bshes gnyen|A personal tutor on spiritual matters; a spiritual guide.
dge ba'i bshes gnyen|A title for a teacher of the spiritual path, often translated “spiritual friend.”
dge ba'i bshes gnyen|A spiritual teacher who can contribute to an individual’s progress on the spiritual path to enlightenment and act wholeheartedly for the welfare of students.
dge ba'i bshes gnyen|The Sanskrit can mean “good friend” or “beneficial friend.” The Tibetan can mean “virtuous friend” or “friend of virtue.” A title for a teacher of the spiritual path.
dge ba'i bshes gnyen|A Mahāyāna teacher is termed “friend,” or “benefactor,” which indicates that a bodhisattva-career depends on one’s own effort and that all a teacher can do is inspire, exemplify, and point the way.
dge ba'i bstan|Sixty-third of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
dge ba'i dbang phyug ma|Mother of the buddha Trailokyapūjya.
dge ba'i dpal|A Tibetan translator.
dge ba'i dpal|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara.
dge ba'i dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhaketu.
dge ba'i gtsug|The 804th buddha in the first list, 803rd in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
dge ba'i lha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kuśalaprabha (693 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dge ba'i me tog rgyas shing dag pa|Lit. “pure blooming good flowers.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
dge ba'i me tog rgyas shing dag pa|Name of the seventy-fourth meditative stability. “Purity” here could also be rendered “vibrance.”
dge ba'i mig|A buddha realm.
dge ba'i mig|Name of a past king in a story the Buddha tells.
dge ba'i nga ro|Mother of the buddha Matimat.
dge ba'i nyi ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Creator (458 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dge ba'i pha rol 'gro|The city where the temple mentioned in this text is being built. Possibly to be identified with the southern city Śubhapāraṃgama in the Gaṇḍavyūha (see note https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-2366 ).
dge ba'i pha rol tu phyin pa|A town in South India.
dge ba'i rgyal po|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmacchattra.
dge ba'i rtsa ba rin po che thams cad bsags pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
dge ba'i rtsa ba thams cad yang dag par 'byung ba'i dbyangs|“The Voice That Causes the Emergence of All Roots of Merit.” The name of a ray of light.
dge ba'i rtsa ba|Wholesome actions that benefit others.
dge ba'i rtsa ba|A virtuous action or state of mind that will “ripen” into happiness later in this life, the next, or at some point in the unknown future.
dge ba'i rtsa ba|Wholesome actions that are conducive to happiness. There are three fundamental roots of virtue from which the others arise: absence of desire, absence of hatred, and absence of delusion.
dge ba'i rtsa ba|Cumulative meritorious deeds performed by an individual throughout past lives. The most common threefold list of roots of virtue include non-greed (Skt. alobha), non-hatred (Skt. adveṣa), and non-delusion (Skt. amoha).
dge ba'i rtsa ba|The roots of virtue are of three types: absence of desire ({ma chags pa}, alobha), absence of anger ({zhe sdang med pa}, adveṣa), and absence of bewilderment ({gti mug med pa}, amoha). These three give rise to all wholesome qualities and hence they are called “roots.”
dge ba'i rtsa ba|According to most lists (specifically those of the Pāli and some Abhidharma traditions), the (three) roots of virtue or the roots of the good or wholesome states (of mind) are what makes a mental state good or bad; they are identified as the opposites of the three mental “poisons” of greed, hatred, and delusion. Actions based on the roots of virtue will eventually lead to future happiness. The Dharmasaṃgraha, however, lists the three roots of virtue as (1) the mind of enlightenment, (2) purity of thought, and (3) freedom from egotism (Skt. trīṇi kuśala mūlāni bodhi cittotpādaḥ, āśayaviśuddhiḥ, ahaṃkāramama kāraparityāgaśceti ).
dge ba'i sems la rab tu zhi ba'i 'gros la gnas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samāhitātman.
dge ba'i sgron ma|The 858th buddha in the first list, 857th in the second list, and 847th in the third list.
dge ba'i shes gnyen|Literally, “virtuous friend.” A spiritual teacher who can contribute to an individual’s progress on the spiritual path to awakening and act wholeheartedly for the welfare of students. See Introduction https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-061-005.html#UT22084-061-005-5 .
dge ba'i snying po|A great bodhisattva.
dge ba'i spos|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Āśādatta.
dge ba'i stan|Sixty-third of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
dge ba'i stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kathendra.
dge ba'i tshogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Indradhvaja.
dge ba'i zla ba|A buddha.
dge bar grags pa dpal dam pa|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Nihilism Relinquished.
dge bar sems|Son of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
dge bas brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Rāhuguhya.
dge bas byin|Father of the buddha Amoghadarśin.
dge bas rab tu brgyan pa|Attendant of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
dge ba|Attendant of the buddha Sucintitārtha.
dge ba|A country prophesied by the Buddha. It refers to the country of Khotan.
dge ba|Name of the universe where the Buddha Ratnaskandha appeared in the past.
dge ba|The lowest of the three paradises that are the third dhyāna paradises in the form realm.
dge ba|The 553rd buddha in the first list, 553rd in the second list, and 546th in the third list.
dge ba|The term kuśala can function both as a qualifier or as a noun in its own right, which makes it difficult to resort to a single translation (I have resorted to “virtue” and “virtuous”). It refers to something beneficial or virtuous and is sometimes etymologized as something that keeps badness in check (kutsitaṁ śalate); when the sense of kuśala is more akin to “skillful” or even “virtuoso,” the etymology is that it is “someone who can cut the kuśa grass” (kuśān lāti), a type of grass that is very sharp and thus requires remarkable skill to cut it without being cut in turn.
dge blo|Eighth-century Tibetan editor of Toh 21.
dge bsnyen ma|Lay female devotees who uphold the five precepts.
dge bsnyen ma|Female lay devotees who have taken the five precepts.
dge bsnyen ma|Householders with definite vows that set them off from the ordinary householder.
dge bsnyen ma|Unordained female practitioners who observe the five vows: not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.
dge bsnyen ma|An unordained female practitioner who observes the five vows not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.
dge bsnyen ma|An ordained layperson; a layperson who has taken any or all of the five precepts (see the first five of the “fundamental precepts”) (Rigzin 52).
dge bsnyen|Householders with definite vows that set them off from the ordinary householder.
dge bsnyen|Unordained practitioners who observe the five vows: not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.
dge bsnyen|An unordained male practitioner who observes the five vows not to kill, lie, steal, be intoxicated, or commit sexual misconduct.
dge bsnyen|An ordained layperson; a layperson who has taken any or all of the five precepts (see the first five of the “fundamental precepts”) (Rigzin 52).
dge bsnyen|The Tibetan and Sanskrit forms are gendered, and thus here specifically a male lay devotee, but there are also female lay devotees with the corresponding gendered forms.
dge bsnyen|The upāsaka precepts for lay practitioners include the five fundamental vows (pañcaśīla) not to (1) kill, (2) steal, (3) commit sexual misconduct, (4) lie, or (5) use intoxicants. Additionally, three other precepts are taken on full-moon and new-moon days for a total of eight (aṣṭāṅgaśīla): not to (6) eat after the noon meal, (7) engage in entertainment or adorn oneself with ornaments or cosmetics, or (8) sleep on high beds.
dge byin|Attendant of the buddha Kṣema.
dge bzangs|Father of the buddha Sughoṣa.
dge bzang|Father of the buddha Sahitaraśmi.
dge bzang|Attendant of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
dge bzang|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dge chung|A class of gods who inhabit the seventh heaven of the realm of form.
dge chung|The second of the three paradises that are the third dhyāna paradises in the form realm.
dge chung|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, first of three levels of the third dhyāna realm.
dge chung|Seventh god realm of form, meaning “Lesser Virtue,” it is the lowest of the three heavens that make up the third dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
dge chung|The seventh of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the third meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-263 .
dge chung|Lit. “Those Whose Virtue Is Circumscribed.” The seventh of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the first of the three heavens that correspond to the third of the four concentrations.
dge dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhahanu.
dge dbang blo gros|Mother of the buddha Deveśvara.
dge dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Durjaya.
dge dgyes|The 937th buddha in the first list, 936th in the second list, and 927th in the third list.
dge gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāgadatta.
dge ldan ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
dge ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Ratnārci.
dge ldan|Son of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
dge legs|Attendant of the buddha Śāntagati.
dge legs|Son of the buddha Bhavānta maṇi gandha.
dge ltas|One of the rāśis.
dge mang|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
dge mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Kanakaparvata.
dge mchog rgyal po|Son of the buddha Asita.
dge mchog rgyal po|The 375th buddha in the first list, 374th in the second list, and 369th in the third list.
dge mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
dge mdzad|The 977th buddha in the first list, 976th in the second list, and 967th in the third list.
dge mtshan|A symbol of the status of the priestly class at the apex of traditional Indian society.
dge rgyal ma|Mother of the buddha Samṛddha.
dge rgyas|A class of gods who inhabit the ninth heaven of the realm of form.
dge rgyas|The highest of the three paradises that are the third dhyāna paradises in the form realm.
dge rgyas|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, third of three levels of the third dhyāna realm.
dge rgyas|Ninth god realm of form, meaning “Most Extensive Virtue,” it is the highest of the three heavens that make up the third dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
dge rgyas|The ninth of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the third meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-267 .
dge rgyas|Lit. “Those Whose Virtue Is Complete.” The ninth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the third of the three heavens that correspond to the third of the four concentrations.
dge sbyong chen po|An epithet of the Buddha.
dge sbyong gau ta ma|“The renunciant Gautama,” the name by which the Buddha might have been referred to prior to his enlightenment or by those who were not his followers.
dge sbyong gi dkyil 'khor|A land in South India.
dge sbyong me tog|A māra.
dge sbyong rgyal po|A buddha.
dge sbyong|A mendicant. Here in reference to a particular norm of monasticism as dedicated to cultivation of moral discipline.
dge sbyong|Specifically non-Vedic ascetics; śramaṇa ascetics are typically contrasted with brahmin householders.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-45 .
dge sbyong|The Sanskrit term literally means “one who toils,” i.e., an ascetic, and the term is applied to spiritual renunciants or monks, whether Buddhist or otherwise. The Tibetan translation of this term is {dge sbyong}, meaning “one who trains in virtue.”
dge sbyong|In Indic literature, the term śramaṇa is used to denote a spiritual practitioner who emphasizes the renunciation of worldly life for a life of austerity and monasticism. Buddhism and Jainism, among others, are considered śramaṇa traditions. The term is often used in contrast to brahmaṇa, “brahmin,” in reference to a follower of the Vedic tradition, which emphasizes a householder lifestyle as the basis for spiritual practice.
dge sbyong|A renunciate who lives his life as a mendicant. In Buddhist contexts the term usually refers to a Buddhist monk, although it can also designate a renunciant practitioner from other spiritual traditions. The epithet Great Śramaṇa is often applied the Buddha.\nThe common phrase “śramaṇas and brahmins” sometimes refers to Buddhist practitioners but can also mean any religious practitioners, the brahmins being the settled hereditary priestly caste following the ancient Vedic practices while the śramaṇas are the itinerant followers (often of kṣatriya caste) of the newer, non-Vedic spiritual trends.
dge sbyong|The word śramaṇa refers to ascetics/religious practitioners who are often distinguished from brāhmaṇa (brahmins). It seems that a common characteristic of śramaṇas was to have “gone forth” (pravrajita), i.e., to not be householders, or at least this is how the Buddhist commentarial tradition understands the term. At some point, the term also became an established way to distinguish non-Vedic ascetics from those who followed the Vedas; renunciates, not just Buddhists, could be called śramaṇa if they were not within the Vedic/brahminical fold. Thus, the term has several layers of meaning, and it was such a key term in Buddhist texts that the result of practice came also to be known as “the fruit of being a śramaṇa” (Skt. śrāmaṇyaphala, Pāli sāmaññaphala); the Buddha himself is epitomized as “the great śramaṇa” (mahāśramaṇa) in one of the most famous Buddhist verses (the ye dharmā stanza, found in colophons and epigraphy throughout the Buddhist world).\nThe term śramaṇa is formed from the root śram, most likely in the sense of “to exert oneself” (tapasi). This is reflected in the second element of its Tibetan translation ({sbyong}, which is sometimes used as a translation of abhyāsa); thus, śramaṇas are—as per the Tibetan rendering—those who exert themselves ({sbyong}) toward virtue ({dge}). The reference to virtue may be connected to an etymology found in the Sanskrit Udānavarga https://read.84000.co/translation/toh326.html and Pāli Dhammapada, according to which one is a śramaṇa if one has pacified sins (śamitatvāt tu pāpānāṁ śramaṇo hi nirucyate, Udānavarga 11.14, Berhard 1965, p. 190; {sdig pa zhi ba de dag ni/ dge sbyong nyid ces brjod par bya}, Udānavarga Tib. 11.15; Zongtse 1990, p. 127; samitattā hi pāpānaṃ samaṇo ti pavuccati Dhammapada verse 265). Commentarial literature occasionally distinguishes between this as the higher sense of śramaṇa vs. the more ordinary sense of being a śramaṇa/samaṇa “only due to having gone forth” (pabbajjāmattasamaṇo); this distinction appears in contexts where the word is together with “brahmins,” as it often happens in sūtras/suttas (yaṃ no payirupāsato cittaṃ pasīdeyyāti vuttattā samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vāti ettha paramatthasamaṇo ca paramatthabrāhmaṇo ca adhippeto na pabbajjāmattasamaṇo na jātimattabrāhmaṇo cāti āha samitapāpatāya samaṇaṃ bāhitapāpatāya brāhmaṇanti Ṭīkā on the Sāmaññaphalasutta, Sīlakkhandavagga, Dīghanikāya).\nThe Kāśyapa parivarta sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh87.html lists four types of śramaṇa: one who is so only in outer appearance (varṇa rūpa liṅga saṃsthāna śramaṇa), one who is hypocritical and hides their real conduct (ācāra gupti kuhaka śramaṇa), one who does everything for the sake of fame (kīrti śabda śloka śramaṇa), and one who practices genuinely (bhūta pratipatti śramaṇa). (See Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya 2002, pp. 41–44).
dge skos|One of the monastic administrative titles. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-708
dge slong gi dge 'dun|Here refers to the community of monks.
dge slong gi dngos po|Also, according to certain usage, a phrase used in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya in praise of monks fully committed to the monastic ideal, as opposed especially to those who merely wear the robes.
dge slong klu|The famed Madhyamika scholar.
dge slong lag gi blas|One of the monastic administrative titles.
dge slong ltar bcos pa|A fully ordained male practitioner who is more concerned with worldly things than with cultivating moral discipline.
dge slong ma sun phyung ba|One class of person barred from joining the renunciate order.
dge slong ma|A fully ordained Buddhist nun.
dge slong ma|Fully ordained nun. See also “monk.”
dge slong ma|A fully ordained nun of the Buddhist Saṅgha.
dge slong ma|A fully ordained nun. Also rendered here simply as “nun.”
dge slong ma|A fully ordained female practitioner observing 364 Vinaya vows.
dge slong ma|This term refers specifically to a nun who has received full ordination, the highest level of ordination available in the Buddhist tradition, observing 364 Vinaya vows.
dge slong rnyed pa stobs pa|A rations officer. One of several official administrative or managerial positions at a monastery.
dge slong tshur shog ces bya ba|A formula for ordination that consists of the words, “Come, monk.” This is one of the ways of ordaining a man as monk and is said to have been used by the Buddha until he established the rules of the standard ordination ceremony.
dge slong tshur shog gi bsnyen par rdzogs pa|The informal ordination first employed by the Buddha.
dge slong zhal ta byed pa|A monk in charge of providing for monastery residents and visitors. One of several official administrative or managerial positions at a monastery.
dge slong|Lit. “beggar.” Buddhist mendicant monk; bhikṣuṇī is the female counterpart.
dge slong|A monk of the Buddhist saṅgha observing all the vinaya vows (253 in the Tibetan tradition).
dge slong|Although the Tibetan ({dge slong}) and Sanskrit (bhikṣu) terms usually refer to fully ordained monks, in the plural, they may encompass nuns as well. Rendering it as “mendicant” in English remains faithful to the original meaning of bhikṣu as “one who begs for alms.”
dge slong|This term refers specifically to a monk who has received ordination, the highest level of monastic initiation available in the Buddhist tradition. The Sanskrit term literally means “beggar” or “mendicant,” which refers to the fact that Buddhist monks and nuns—like other ascetics of the time—subsisted on alms begged from the laity.
dge slong|The term bhikṣu, which is often translated as “monk,” refers to the highest type among the eight types of prātimokṣa vows that make one part of the Buddhist assembly. The term is explained as having at least three possible meanings: (1) someone who begs; (2) someone who has taken the highest level of Buddhist ordination; and (3) someone who has destroyed mental afflictions.
dge slong|A fully ordained monk of the Buddhist Saṅgha. In the Tibetan tradition, which follows the Mūlasarvāstivāda vinaya, a bhikṣu follows 253 vows as part of his moral discipline. A nun (bhikṣunī; {dge slong ma}) follows 263 rules. A novice monk (śrāmaṇera; {dge tshul}) or nun (śrāmaṇerikā; {dge tshul ma}) by contrast follows thirty-six rules of moral discipline (although in other vinaya traditions novices typically only follow ten).
dge tshul gyi slob dpon|An instructor who grants refuge and the novice precepts. One of five types of instructors named by the Buddha when asked to elaborate on the role of an instructor.
dge tshul ma|Within the Buddhist tradition it means a novice nun who in the Tibetan Mūlasarvāstivāda monastic tradition takes thirty-six vows.
dge tshul|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dge tshul|A renunciant who lives his life as a mendicant. More specifically within the monastic tradition it can also mean a novice monk, who in the Tibetan Mūlasarvāstivāda monastic tradition takes thirty-six vows.
dgod par gyur pa'i nags|A forest on Vast Garlands of Bliss.
dgod pa|A river.
dgod phreng|A peak on Sumeru.
dgon pa ba|“Forest Dweller,” the name of the son of householders in Śrāvastī, he preferred seclusion, eventually attaining arhatship.
dgon pa can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Lion’s Melody.
dgon pa dga' ba|A forest in Part of the Assembly.
dgon pa pa|A hermit monk.
dgon pa pa|“Forest Dweller,” the name of the son of householders in Śrāvastī, he preferred seclusion, eventually attaining arhatship.
dgongs pa 'khrul me|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāsthāman (366 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgongs pa brjod kyis mi lang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Non-grasping.
dgongs pa bsnyengs med|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gambhīramati (784 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgongs pa chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmaruta (911 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgongs pa legs gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhava tṛṣṇā mala prahīṇa (822 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgongs pa nges 'grel pa'i mdo|The Saṃdhi nirmocana sūtra ( https://read.84000.co/translation/toh106.html , Toh 106) is one of the most important Mahāyāna sūtras, especially for the Yogācāra school. As an authoritative source for Mahāyāna Buddhist hermeneutics, it is perhaps best known for its delineation of the three turnings of the wheel of the dharma (dharmacakrapravartana), which became a highly influential schema for classifying the teachings of the Buddha according to their various intended meanings and target audiences.
dgongs pa rdo rje ri bo dpal|The eighty-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Vajrāśaya giri śirī.
dgongs pa sbyangs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśānta (704 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgongs pa yongs su rdzogs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dgongs pa zab bsgoms|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnayaśas (969 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra 'dul|Son of the buddha Puṣya.
dgra 'dul|Father of the buddha Anavanata.
dgra 'dul|Attendant of the buddha Meghasvara.
dgra 'dul|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ugra.
dgra 'dul|The 260th buddha in the first list, 259th in the second list, and 259th in the third list.
dgra 'dul|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Suvaktra (780 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmaruta.
dgra 'joms|A great bodhisattva.
dgra 'jom|Birthplace of the buddha Nirbhaya.
dgra bcom 'dod|Attendant of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
dgra bcom 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prasanna.
dgra bcom 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahātejas (186 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom bkod|Birthplace of the buddha Cāritratīrtha.
dgra bcom bsrung|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati.
dgra bcom byang chub|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jagadmati (928 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
dgra bcom dga gis bstod pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Saṃjaya.
dgra bcom dga' mchod|Mother of the buddha Jitaśatru.
dgra bcom dga'|Mother of the buddha Jayanandin.
dgra bcom dga'|Attendant of the buddha Prabhākara.
dgra bcom dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
dgra bcom dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthita vega jñāna (781 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratna svara ghoṣa (964 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Supakṣa.
dgra bcom grags pa|The 262nd buddha in the first list, 261st in the second list, and 261st in the third list.
dgra bcom grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāmitra.
dgra bcom gsal|Attendant of the buddha Arhatkīrti.
dgra bcom gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Adīna (821 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom gzi|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigatatamas (141 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sudhana (962 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom lha|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūkṣmabuddhi.
dgra bcom ma|A female arhat, one who has achieved the fourth and final level of attainment on the śrāvaka path and attained liberation with the cessation of all afflictive emotions.
dgra bcom mchod gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnadhara (817 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom mchod|Mother of the buddha Amṛtādhipa.
dgra bcom me tog rin chen gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Kuśalapradīpa.
dgra bcom pa nyid|The fourth of the four levels of attainment of the vehicle of the śrāvakas, it is the attainment of a nirvāṇa distinct from unexcelled perfect awakening, the type of nirvāṇa proper to buddhas.
dgra bcom pa nyid|“The state of liberation [from saṃsāra via destruction of the afflictive emotions] or the fifth path of no more to learn, attained by arhats after perfecting training in the fourth path . . .” (Rigzin 60). In this text being “established . . . in the unsurpassed, supreme welfare of nirvāṇa”; also appears as a synonym for the attainment of arhatship.
dgra bcom pa yis bstod pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ṛṣiprasanna.
dgra bcom pa|According to Buddhist tradition, one who has conquered the enemies, i.e. mental afflictions or emotions, (kleśa-ari-hata) and reached liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering. It’s the fourth and highest of the four fruits attainable by hearers. Also used as an epithet of the Buddha.
dgra bcom pa|One who has achieved the fourth and final level of attainment on the path of the śrāvakas, and who has attained liberation with the cessation of all mental defilements. It is also used as an epithet of the buddhas. The Skt. means either “worthy one” or “one who has killed their foes” (i.e., afflictions).
dgra bcom pa|There are four kinds of noble persons (Skt. āryapudgala) according to the Śrāvakayāna path, characterized by a gradual abandonment of ten kinds of fetters (Skt. saṃyojana) that bind one to saṃsāra. This is the fourth and final of the four (or eight) stages of the realization of the supermundane path (and fruit), equivalent with awakening or liberation.
dgra bcom pa|According to Buddhist tradition, one who is worthy of worship (pūjām arhati), or one who has conquered the enemies, the mental afflictions or emotions (kleśa-ari-hata-vat), and reached liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering. It is the fourth and highest of the four fruits attainable by śrāvakas. Also used as an epithet of the Buddha and rendered here as “worthy.”
dgra bcom pa|One who has achieved the fourth and final level of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who has attained liberation with the cessation of all mental afflictions. It is also used as an epithet of the Buddha. The Skt. means literally “worthy one.” The Tibetan interpretation explains the Middle Indic form arahat as ari-hata, “someone who has killed his foes (i.e., mental afflictions).” Also translated here as “worthy.”
dgra bcom pa|In Sanskrit, arhat is the masculine form, and arhantī is the feminine form of the word; the Tibetan translation of the Āyuḥparyanta sūtra does not distinguish a masculine and a feminine form. It refers to one who has achieved the fourth and final level of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who has attained liberation with the cessation of all mental afflictions. The Sanskrit literally means “worthy one.” The Tibetan interpretation explains the Middle Indic form arahat as ari-hata, “someone who has killed his foes (i.e., mental afflictions).”
dgra bcom spong|Birthplace of the buddha Vratasthita.
dgra bcom stegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyotīrāma (746 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra bcom|A buddha.
dgra bcom|Attendant of the buddha Pratibhānagaṇa.
dgra bcom|One who has achieved the fourth and final level of attainment on the śrāvaka path and who has attained liberation with the cessation of all defilements.
dgra bcom|There are four kinds of “noble persons” (āryapudgala) according to the Śrāvakayāna, characterized by the level of abandonment of ten kinds of fetters (saṃyojana) that bind one to saṃsāra. This is the fourth and final of the four stages of the realization of the supramundane path (and fruit), equivalent with awakening or liberation.
dgra dag 'dul ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharaṇīśvara (901 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra gcan|The name of Śākyamuni’s son. Also the name of the sons of all the buddhas that Śākyamuni had received the Samādhirāja from in previous lifetimes.
dgra la zhe 'gras med|A great bodhisattva.
dgra las dben pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dgra las rnam par rgyal|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
dgra mtha'|A country.
dgra nges par bcom pa|A king.
dgra rab tu 'joms pa|A buddha.
dgra rab tu 'joms pa|A great bodhisattva.
dgra rgyal|The 839th buddha in the first list, 838th in the second list, and 828th in the third list.
dgra rig dregs 'joms gsod|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dgra spong nga ro|Son of the buddha Amṛtādhipa.
dgra sta|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
dgra sta|Forty-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
dgra thams cad 'dul ba|A buddha.
dgra thams cad rab tu 'joms pa|Name of a king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
dgra thul gzi brjid blo gros ma|Mother of the buddha Raśmijāla.
dgra thul|Father of the buddha Guṇaprabhāsa.
dgra thul|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Madhuvaktra (480 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgra yis 'jigs pa med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhu.
dgra zhi mdzad pa|A buddha in the past.
dgra zhir gyur pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmavikrāmin (633 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgu po rgyud mangs|A type of vīṇā.
dgug pa|The magical act of bringing a person or a being into one’s presence; it is related to the activity of enthralling.
dgung zlar smyung ba|A month-long observance in which one begins by eating fourteen mouthfuls of food and decreases food intake by one mouthful every day until the new moon day, during which one does not eat anything at all. Then, during the moon’s waxing phase, one increases food intake by one mouthful a day until the full moon.
dgung zla|A period of time related to the moon’s phases during which one engages in religious observances.
dgyes chen|The 462nd buddha in the first list, 461st in the second list, and 455th in the third list.
dgyes chung|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tīrthakara (312 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dgyes gshegs|The 70th buddha in the first list, 70th in the second list, and 71st in the third list.
dgyes pa gsal ba|The 1001st buddha in the first list, 1000th in the second list, and 991st in the third list.
dgyes par gshegs|The 939th buddha in the first list, 938th in the second list, and 929th in the third list.
dgyes par gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍhavrata (444 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dha na dA|“Wealth giver,” an epithet of Kubera.
dha rma tA shI la|Tibetan translator who worked on a large number of translations during the imperial period.
dharmA ka ra|Butön includes the Kashmiri preceptor Dharmākara in his list of ninety-three paṇḍitas invited to Tibet to assist in the translation of the Buddhist scriptures. Tāranātha dates Dharmākara to the rule of *Vanapāla, son of Dharmapāla. With Paltsek, he translated two of Kalyāṇamitra’s works on Vinaya, the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4134.html (’dul ba dri ba’i tshig le’ur byas pa, Toh 4134, Degé Tengyur, vol. SU, folios 70.b.3–74.b.5) and the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4135.html (’dul ba dri ba rgya cher ’grel pa, Toh 4135, Degé Tengyur, vol. SU, folios 74.b.5–132.a.2).
dhi ri ko|A mountain in the eastern sea beyond Jambudvīpa.
dhu na dhu mA rA|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dhu tu ra|Datura metel.
dhun du ma ra|A legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
dhyA na|A type of meditative absorption with four stages.
di lI pa|A legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
dka' thub bzang po|The name of the twentieth Jain arhat of the present descending age (avasarpiṇī).
dka' thub can|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dka' thub chen po|Son of the buddha Supārśva.
dka' thub chen po|The 335th buddha in the first list, 334th in the second list, and 329th in the third list.
dka' thub dang 'brel ba|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
dka' thub drag|Birthplace of the buddha Ugradatta.
dka' thub kyi nags tshal|The name of a forest hermitage.
dka' thub lnga ldan|The ascetic practice of sitting between “five fires,” i.e., a fire in each cardinal direction with the sun overhead.
dka' thub mdzad|A buddha in the past.
dka' thub|Acts of self-deprivation or mortification practiced for spiritual advancement. This mode of extreme religious practice was rejected by the Buddha, who cultivated them prior to his full awakening and found they brought little benefit.
dka' thub|Harsh, often extreme practices that can include deprivation and physical mortification. Such practices are typically rejected in the Buddhist “middle way.” The term can be used in a more positive sense to refer to the hardships of practice one must endure to reach liberation.
dka' zlog gi bdag po|Śiva.
dka' zlog ma|Epithet of Pārvatī, consort of Śiva.
dka' zlog ma|One of the wives of Śiva; in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala she is one of the eight goddesses of offerings.
dka' zlog rkang spyod ldan ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dka' zlog|One of the wives of Śiva.
dkar ba'i tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dkar bar gnas|Ancient Indian sage, known primarily for tales of his short temper and the curses he inflicted, hence the meaning of his name: “difficult to live with.”
dkar gsum|Three foods that are suitable for offering: milk, curd, and rice.
dkar gsum|Punning on the double meaning of śukla as “white” and “pure,” these are three food items considered acceptable for use in preparation for or during ritual practices. The three vary across different sources but tend to include milk, rice, and a milk product such as cream, curds, cheese, or butter.
dkar ma|A vidyā queen (vidyārājñī).
dkar med ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
dkar min gzhon nu|An Indian seer.
dkar mo chen mo|A Buddhist goddess, possibly related to White Tārā.
dkar mo chen mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
dkar mo ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dkar mo|A goddess, possibly the same as Mahāśvetā.
dkar mo|One of the female deities in the retinue of Hevajra.
dkar mo|One of eight children, a daughter, of King Siṃhahanu of Kapilavastu.
dkar mo|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the great dūtīs.
dkar mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; can also be a metrically shortenend form of Sitātapatrā.
dkar ni|Pterospermum acerifolium. Other names include bayur, muchakunda, muchalinda, and dinner-plate tree.
dkar po bzang|One of the kings of the nāgas.
dkar po rnam par mthong ba'i sa|Name of the first level to be acquired by bodhisattvas.
dkar po rnam par mthong ba'i sa|Lit. “Bright Insight level.” The first of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
dkar po'i dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dkar po'i phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
dkar po'i phyogs|All good beings together (as opposed to the black faction of Māra); from Māra’s point of view, this is the “black faction.” The bright fortnight of the lunar month.
dkar po|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
dkar po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dkar po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK (in the Tib. only); one of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas.
dkar po|One of the kings of the nāgas; one of the eight pratyeka buddhas; one of the grahas; one of the muhūrtas; a king before the time of the Buddha.
dkar sham chen mo|Here a Buddhist goddess, possibly related to the Śaiva goddess Gaurī.
dkar sham|A vidyā queen (vidyārājñī).
dkar sham|A goddess; a rākṣasī in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
dkon brtsegs|One of the five major sūtra groups contained within the Kangyur.
dkon brtsegs|The Ratnakūṭa section of the Kangyur (Toh 45–93) is a distinct collection, also found in the Chinese Tripiṭaka (Taishō 310), of forty-nine selected sūtras on a range of themes. In some titles and colophons the collection is presented as a single sūtra with its component texts as chapters.
dkon mchog 'byung ba|The name of a future eon.
dkon mchog 'byung gnas|One of the ten absorptions of the bodhisattvas.
dkon mchog 'byung gnas|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
dkon mchog 'byung gnas|The name of a past eon. Also the name of a bodhisattva.
dkon mchog 'byung gnas|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
dkon mchog 'byung gnas|A buddha in a world system called Ratnāvatī, in the eastern direction.
dkon mchog 'byung gnas|Wealthy young Licchavi noble who leads the delegation that brings the precious parasols to the Buddha.
dkon mchog 'od 'phro|One of the buddhas who appear in the house of Vimalakīrti on esoteric occasions. According to the Prajñā pāramitā, he is the Buddha of the universe Upaśānta, in the western direction (see Lamotte, p. 384, n. 27).
dkon mchog blo gros|A prince in the distant past.
dkon mchog brtsegs pa|A buddha.
dkon mchog brtsegs pa|Forty-nine selected sūtras on a range of themes, compiled as a separate collection.
dkon mchog brtsegs pa|A collection of texts comprising a section of the Kangyur as well as of the Chinese Buddhist canon. See the http://read.84000.co/section/O1JC114941JC14667.html#summary tab notes for details.
dkon mchog dam pa|A buddha.
dkon mchog dkod pa|Lit. “Jewel-Array.” Name of one of the bodhisattvas in the original assembly (rendered in Tibetan as {rin chen bkod pa}); also the name (with several renderings in Tibetan) of a buddha who presides in the universe called Ananta guṇa ratna vyūha, yet who comes to Vimalakīrti’s house at the latter’s supplication, to participate in the esoteric teachings. He can be identified with the Tathāgata Ratnasaṃbhava, one of the five major buddhas of the Guhya samāja tantra.
dkon mchog dpal|One of the buddhas who appear in the house of Vimalakīrti on esoteric occasions; the Sanskrit name, but with a different rendering in Tibetan, also refers to a bodhisattva.
dkon mchog gsum|The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṅgha. In the Tibetan rendering, “the three rare and excellent ones.”
dkon mchog gsum|The three objects of Buddhists’ refuge, also known as the Three Jewels: the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha.
dkon mchog gsum|The three objects of refuge: the Buddha, the Dharma (his teachings), and the Saṅgha (the Buddhist community).
dkon mchog gsum|A collective term for the Buddha, his sacred doctrine (Dharma), and the Saṅgha, which are listed separately in this glossary.
dkon mchog gsum|The Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha‍—the three objects of Buddhist refuge. In the Tibetan rendering, “the three rare and supreme ones.”
dkon mchog gsum|The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṅgha are three sources or objects of refuge for Buddhists. The Tibetan translators rendered the Sanskrit ratna (“jewel”) as “the [three] rare and superior ones” (dung dkar tshig mdzod chen mo, 143).
dkon mchog gzi brjid mngon 'phags rgyal po|A buddha in the eastern direction.
dkon mchog mkhas pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
dkon mchog zla ba|One of the buddhas who assembled at Vimalakīrti’s house to teach the Tathāgata guhyaka, according to the goddess.
dkris ma'i gos bzang|A small piece of cloth covering just the genitals.
dkrugs ma|Lit. “Black One.”
dkyil 'khor 'gro|Mother of the buddha Siṃhagati.
dkyil 'khor chen po can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dkyil 'khor chen po|One of the nāga kings.
dkyil 'khor pa|The shorter form of the name Mahāmaṇḍalin.
dkyil 'khor|An array of people or things, often referring to an arrangement of buddhas and bodhisattvas together with their celestial retinues.
dkyil 'khor|Literally a “disk” or “circle,” in the ritual context maṇḍala is a sacred space on the ground or a raised platform, arranged according to a pattern that varies from rite to rite.
dkyil 'khor|A demarcated area within a larger boundary. An official act of the saṅgha requires a “consensus” of all monks present within the monastery’s boundaries or of a quorum of monks within an “inner circle.”
dkyil 'khor|A mystic diagram, usually consisting of a square within a circle, used to define a sacred space in the context of esoteric rituals of initiation and consecration preliminary to certain advanced meditational practices.
dkyil 'khor|In the higher tantras this is usually a diagram representing the details of the visualization of a deity and its palace and retinue. In the Kāraṇḍavyūha it is a simpler representation of a few deities, made of precious powders.
dkyil 'khor|Apart from the well-known meaning of a magical diagram and several other conventional meanings, this term seems to denote any magically charged area or sphere of a specific type, such as, e.g., the maṇḍala of wind, the maṇḍala of sound, etc.
dma' ba dang mtho ba na rgyu ba|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
dma' ba dang mtho ba|A park in Sustained by Fruition.
dma' ba'i chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dmag brgya pa|A king of Vatsa.
dmag brgya pa|King of Kauśāmbī and father of Udayana.
dmag ma'i mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūryapriya.
dmag rnam pa gzhi dang ldan pa|An army comprising elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry (Monier-Williams).
dman med|Attendant of the buddha Toṣitatejas.
dman pa min|Mother of the buddha Ugrasena.
dman pa'i kha|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
dman pa'i spyod pa|A monk who has received a punitive act must perform five kinds of menial deeds that entail his adopting the subservient role of a penitent.
dman pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
dman pa|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas; one of the pratyeka buddhas in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī.
dmangs rigs|Fourth of the four classes of traditional Indian society.
dmangs rigs|The name of the lowest of the four castes. “Untouchables.”
dmangs rigs|The laborer caste in the fourfold division of the society.
dmangs rigs|A member of the laborer or serf caste, one of the four castes.
dmangs rigs|The caste of the laborers and servants of classical Indian society.
dmangs rigs|The fourth and lowest of the classes in the Indian caste system, it generally encompasses the laboring class.
dmar bu can gyi grong khyer|A city on the Ganges that became the capital of Magadha after Rājagṛha.
dmar bu can gyi mchod rten|A shrine in Pāṭali Village.
dmar bu can|A village which eventually became Pāṭaliputra, the capital of Magadha.
dmar bu can|The name of an ancient city, the capital of Magadha was moved to Pāṭaliputra during the Mauryan expansion, and Pāṭaliputra would then serve as the capital of King Aśoka’s Maurya empire. Identified with the modern Indian city of Patna.
dmar ldan ma|One of the great piśācīs.
dmar po rnam par zhu|A river in the ephemeral hell known as Red.
dmar po'i mchog|This Buddha who sends the previous life of Śākyamuni to Buddha Padmottama. However, the Tibetan had {dmar po'i mchog}, “supreme red,” which would have been a translation of Raktottama, evidently a mistake for Ratnottama, which would have been translated as {nor bu'i mchog} or {rin chen mchog}.
dmar po|(1) An ocean between Videha and Jambudvīpa. (2) An ocean off Jambudvīpa. (3) A river in Jambudvīpa. (4) An ephemeral hell to the north of Jambudvīpa.
dmar ser 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śūra (218 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dmigs med chos|A teaching on the state of realization in which a practitioner no longer perceives reified entities.
dmigs med mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vīryadatta.
dmigs pa can|Someone who apprehends things conceptually.
dmigs pa dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāyaśas.
dmigs pa gcod pa|Name of the sixty-fourth meditative stability.
dmigs pa gcod pa|Lit. “objective support cut off.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
dmigs pa gsal|Attendant of the buddha Netra.
dmigs pa kun gyi go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
dmigs pa kun gyi mchog ston|A buddha.
dmigs pa ma 'khrul|Son of the buddha Ugratejas.
dmigs pa med pa'i bsam gtan pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dmigs pa med par shin tu sprul ba|A bodhisattva in a northeastern realm.
dmigs pa med pa|A bodhisattva.
dmigs pa med pa|A buddha realm.
dmigs pa mtha' yas pa'i sangs rgyas kyi sku kun tu ston pa'i dpal|A buddha.
dmigs pa thams cad rnam par 'jig pa'i khyu mchog|A great bodhisattva.
dmigs pa thams cad spobs pas spyod pa|A buddha.
dmigs pa thams cad ston pa khyu mchog|A great bodhisattva.
dmigs pa thams cad ston|A buddha.
dmigs pa'i tshul du|The expression “in an apprehending manner” implies that ordinary persons perceive phenomena as inherently exisiting, whereas bodhisattvas are said to act and teach “without apprehending anything.” On the latter term, see respective glossary entry.
dmigs pa|A conceptual, dualistic perception.
dmigs pa|Also translated “reference point” q.v.
dmigs pa|Conceptual mind. Also translated “focus” q.v.
dmigs pa|In the Potala manuscript, the term is rendered as ārambaṇa, which is an equivalent term in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit.
dmigs pa|A term for the apprehending of a subject, an object, and the relationships that exist between subjects and objects. The term might also be translated as “referentiality,” meaning a system based on the existence of referent objects, referent subjects, and the referential relationships that exist between them. As part of their doctrine of “threefold non-apprehending/non-referentiality” ({'khor gsum mi dmigs pa}), Mahāyāna Buddhists famously assert that all three categories of apprehending lack substantiality.
dmigs su med pa'i chos|A teaching on the state of realization in which a practitioner no longer perceives reified entities.
dmigs su med pa|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
dmigs|{dmigs (pa)} translates a number of Sanskrit terms including ālambana, upalabdhi, and alambhate. These terms commonly refer to apprehending or perception both in the sense of act and object (perceiving and what is perceived). As part of their doctrine of “threefold nonapprehending/nonreferentiality” ({'khor gsum mi dmigs pa}), Mahāyāna Buddhists famously assert that all three categories of apprehending lack substantiality.
dmyal ba chen po brgyad|On the eight great hells, see Patrul Rinpoche’s commentary in Padmakara Translation Group (1984): 63–69.
dmyal ba chen po mnar med pa|The last and most severe of the eight hot hells.
dmyal ba chen po ngu 'bod|The name of a hell realm. One of the eight hot hells.
dmyal ba chen po thig nag|The second of the eight hot hells.
dmyal ba chen po tsha ba|The sixth of the eight hot hells.
dmyal ba chen po yang sos|The first of the eight hot hells.
dmyal ba chen po|The great hells are also often called hot hells in secondary literature because beings there suffer from heat and being burned. They are Wailing, Loud Wailing, Black Thread, Crushing, Revival, Heat, Intense Heat, and Incessant Torture. Within in the Kangyur, one elaborate description of the eight hells is found in The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma (Toh 287), https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html#UT22084-068-021-517–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html#UT22084-068-021-1670.
dmyal ba pa|Type of being in Buddhist cosmogony.
dmyal ba pa|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, considered to be the karmic fruition of past anger and harmful actions. According to Buddhist tradtion there are eighteen different hells, namely eight hot hells, eight cold hells, neighbouring and ephemeral hells, all of them tormented by increasing levels of unimaginable suffering.
dmyal ba|One of the rāśis.
dmyal ba|One of the three unfortunate rebirths, below that of hungry ghosts and animals.
dmyal ba|The hell realm(s); Exposition of Karma does not differentiate, or at least does not itemize, the different Buddhist hells.
dngos grub chen po brgyad|Eight “ordinary” accomplishments attained through practice: (1) eye medicine (añjana, {mig sman}); (2) swift-footedness (jaṅghākara, {rkang mgyogs}); (3) magic sword (khaḍga, {ral gri}); (4) travel beneath the earth (pātāla, {sa 'og spyod}); (5) medicinal pills (gulikā, {ril bu}); (6) travel in the sky (khecara, {mkha' spyod}); (7) invisibility (antardhāna, {mi snang ba}); and (8) elixir (rasāyana, {bcud len}). (From Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo’s commentary).
dngos grub|An accomplishment that is the goal of sādhana practice; a supernatural power or ability.
dngos grub|Accomplishment in general; supernatural power, especially, one of the eight magical powers.
dngos grub|The mundane and transcendent abilities that are conferred through the perfection of yogic practices.
dngos grub|An attainment that is the goal of a ritual or meditative practice; specifically, a supernatural power or ability.
dngos grub|This can be a general term for realization, but it refers more specifically to a set of supranormal powers, such as longevity and clairvoyance.
dngos grub|Accomplishment or success in general, as well as any particular magical power or ability. In the latter sense, eight are traditionally enumerated, namely the siddhi of the magical sword, of an eye ointment that renders invisible, etc. The content of the list may vary from source to source.
dngos med dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dngos med|Also rendered here as “nonexistence.”
dngos po brgyad|The eight topics are (1) knowing everything (sarvajñāna), (2) knowledge of the paths (mārgajñāna), (3) knowledge of the basis (vastujñāna), (4) complete training in all aspects (sarvākārābhisaṁbodha), (5) peak application (mūrdhaprayoga), (6) sequential application (anupūrva prayoga), (7) instantaneous application (kṣaṇikaprayoga), and (8) the resultant dharmakāya (phalam dharmakāya).
dngos po med pa las byung ba|A buddha countless eons in the past.
dngos po med pa nyid|A synonym for liberation from becoming or rebirth in the three realms (desire, form, and formless).
dngos po med pa stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
dngos po med pa stong pa nyid|One of the eighteen emptinesses.
dngos po med pa stong pa nyid|Sixteenth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
dngos po med pa yang dag par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dngos po med pa'i ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid|One of the eighteen emptinesses.
dngos po med pa'i ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid|Eighteenth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
dngos po med pa'i ngo bo nyid yang dag par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dngos po med pa'i ngo bo'i phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
dngos po med pa'i rang gi ngo bo stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
dngos por nges par 'dzin pa|A king.
dngos po|Also rendered as “existent thing,” “real thing,” and “something that exists.”
dngos po|Also rendered as “existent thing,” “something that exists,” and “real basis.”
dngul chu|The silvery liquid metal.
dngul dang bcas pa'i bye mas yongs su bskor ba|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
dngul gyi ljon zhing gi nags|Part of the Forest of Joy.
dngul gyi mdog|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dngul gyi shing ljon pa'i tshal|A forest in White Body.
dngul mthon por brtsegs pa|A forest on Tamer of Deer Enemies.
do Sha Ni|This has not been identified.
do shal|Attendant of the buddha Pūrṇamati.
dod pa'i lha|The god of love and desire in the Brahmanical pantheon. In Buddhist literature, he is often associated with Māra.
dod pa'i yon tan lnga po|Pleasures corresponding to each of the five senses: vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
dogs pa thams cad legs par 'joms pa|A buddha.
don 'dod ma|Mother of the buddha Jñānasāgara.
don 'thun pa|One of the four means of attraction.
don 'thun pa|Fourth of the four attractive qualities of a bodhisattva.
don blo gros|The 419th buddha in the first list, 418th in the second list, and 412th in the third list.
don blo mnga' ba|The 389th buddha in the first list, 388th in the second list, and 382nd in the third list.
don brtan|Father of the buddha Kṣemaṃkara.
don byas|Father of the buddha Sthitārtha.
don bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Satyacara.
don chen thob|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Devaraśmi.
don chen|Father of the buddha Sutīrtha.
don chen|Son of the buddha Satyabhāṇin.
don chen|Attendant of the buddha Arthasiddhi.
don dam bden pa|Ultimate truth is defined as a synonym of emptiness, the ultimate nature of phenomena, in contrast to the relative truth of conventionally experienced perceptions. Also translated here as “ultimate reality.”
don dam bden pa|Paramārtha satya literally means “the highest-object truth,” because it is what is realized by wisdom (prajñā) as the highest form of mind. It refers to the absolute understanding of phenomena and reality as it is perceived by a mind that is purified of all delusion, in contrast to the relative truth that is perceived by ordinary unenlightened beings.
don dam gzigs pa|A buddha in the past.
don dam pa rnam par gnon pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
don dam pa stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
don dam pa stong pa nyid|Sixth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
don dam pa stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
don dam pa|Of final truth or reality. Also rendered as “ultimate reality.”
don dam pa|The ultimate is said to be inexpressible, nondual, transcending speculation, transcending difference and sameness, and of a single nature (i.e., anabhilāpya, advaya, sarva tarka samati krānta, bhe dābhe dasa mati krānta, ekarasa).
don dam pa|“Ultimate” is preferable to the usual “absolute” because it carries fewer connotations than “absolute”—which, however, when understood logically, is also correct. It is contrasted with “superficial” (vyavahāra) or “relative” (samvṛtti) to give the two types, or “levels.,” of truth. It is synonymous with ultimate reality, the uncompounded, voidness, reality, limit of reality, absolute, nirvāṇa, ultimate liberation, infinity, permanence, eternity, independence, etc. It also has the soteriological sense of “sacred” as opposed to “profane” as is conveyed by its literal rendering “supreme” (parama) “object” (artha).
don dam yang dag 'phags|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
don dam|The ultimate is said to be inexpressible, nondual, transcending speculation, transcending difference and sameness, and of a single nature (i.e., anabhilāpya, advaya, sarva tarka samati krānta, bhe dābhe dasa mati krānta, ekarasa).
don dam|Paramārtha satya literally means “the highest-object truth,” because it is what is realized by wisdom (prajñā) as the highest form of mind. It refers to the absolute understanding of phenomena and reality as it is perceived by a mind that is purified of all delusion, in contrast to the relative truth that is perceived by ordinary unenlightened beings.
don dga'|Attendant of the buddha Sarvārtha darśin.
don dgongs gti mug bral|The 726th buddha in the first list, 725th in the second list, and 715th in the third list.
don dpal|A great bodhisattva.
don dpyod|Father of the buddha Pūjya.
don gcig tu ston pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
don gnas blo|The 648th buddha in the first list, 647th in the second list, and 639th in the third list.
don gnas mkhyen|The 191st buddha in the first list, 190th in the second list, and 190th in the third list.
don gnas|Father of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
don gnas|Father of the buddha Sthitārtha jñānin.
don grub blo gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Samṛddhayaśas.
don grub blo|Name of a Buddha of a previous eon.
don grub blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhahanu (142) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
don grub gau ta ma|Siddhārtha was the Buddha Śākyamuni’s personal name, while Gautama (“descendants of Gotama”) was his family name.
don grub gshegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Merudhvaja (315 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
don grub ma|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
don grub mthu rtsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidyuddatta (335 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
don grub rdo rje|A Tibetan scholar (1892–1960) of the Ancient (rnying ma) tradition who composed a subcommentary on Do Drupchen Jigmé Tenpai Nyima’s An Ornamental Explanation of the Bodhisattva Dhāraṇī. This subcommentary is entitled Commentary on the Explanation of Dhāraṇī (gzungs kyi rnam bshad kyi ’grel pa).
don grub sems dpa'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amitayaśas (188 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
don grub sems pa|The name of a bodhisattva. “Intending to Accomplish the Goal.”
don grub|In this sūtra, Siddhārtha refers to another buddha.
don grub|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaṇin.
don grub|The 258th buddha in the first list, 257th in the second list, and 257th in the third list.
don grub|“One who accomplished his aim,” the name given to the Buddha Śākyamuni when he was a child.
don grub|The Buddha Śākyamuni’s personal name, which is also given in its longer form: Sarvārtha siddha.
don grub|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Devaruta (849 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
don gsung|The 1000th buddha in the first list, 999th in the second list, and 990th in the third list.
don gyi 'gros|Mother of the buddha Uttīrṇaśoka.
don gyi 'od|Mother of the buddha Sthita vega jñāna.
don gyi 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
don gyi blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
don gyi blo gros|Son of the buddha Sukhacittin.
don gyi blo gros|The merchant son of Akrodhana.
don gyi blo gros|A bodhisattva disciple of the Buddha.
don gyi blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kusumaraśmi.
don gyi blo gros|The 238th buddha in the first list, 237th in the second list, and 237th in the third list.
don gyi rgyal po|Father of the buddha Sthitārtha buddhi.
don gyi rjes su 'brang ba|According to the Abhi dharma kośa bhāṣya, both those who “follow out of conviction” and those who “follow due to the Dharma” are actually “following the meaning/goal.” On the other hand, the JAA seems to take this as a separate subdivision.
don gyi snying po|Son of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
don gyi tog|Attendant of the buddha Adīna.
don gyi tshoms kyi mdo dag|A lost verse text possibly included in the Kṣudraka piṭaka of the Mūla sarvāstivādins.
don gyi yon tan|Father of the buddha Suviniścitārtha.
don gzigs pa|A buddha in the past.
don gzigs pa|Name of a former buddha; also the name of a future buddha prophesied in The Hundred Deeds.
don gzigs|The 30th buddha in the first list, 30th in the second list, and 31st in the third list.
don kun 'grub pa|A great bodhisattva.
don kun mthong|A bodhisattva.
don kun sgrub pa|A buddha in the past.
don la dga'|Mother of the buddha Arthasiddhi.
don la dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padmagarbha (666 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
don la gnas pa'i blo mnga' ba|The 648th buddha in the first list, 647th in the second list, and 639th in the third list.
don la gnas pa|The 720th buddha in the first list, 719th in the second list, and 709th in the third list.
don la rnam par nges pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Māradama.
don la rton|One of the four reliances.
don ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
don ldan nga ro|Mother of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
don ldan sgra|Birthplace of the buddha Arthabuddhi.
don ldan|Son of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
don ldan|Attendant of the buddha Guṇakūṭa.
don ldan|Mother of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna ketu.
don legs bsams|Attendant of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
don legs bsams|The shortened form of Suvicintitārtha within verse.
don legs bsams|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas.
don legs bsam|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anunnata.
don legs nges pa|The 467th buddha in the first list, 466th in the second list, and 460th in the third list.
don legs par bsams pa|A buddha in the distant past who had previously been Prince Mahākaruṇācintī, a pupil of Buddha Abhāva samudgata. In verse he is referred to as Sucintitārtha.
don legs par dgongs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nakṣatrarāja (528 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
don legs sems|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
don legs sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
don legs sems|The 105th buddha in the first list, 105th in the second list, and 106th in the third list.
don legs spyod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāpradīpa.
don mdzad gzigs|The 188th buddha in the first list, 187th in the second list, and 187th in the third list.
don mdzad|The 980th buddha in the first list, 979th in the second list, and 970th in the third list.
don mi dma' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
don mtha' yas pa'i bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sthitārtha buddhi.
don mthong|Attendant of the buddha Dyutimat.
don nges ldan pa|The 152nd buddha in the first list, not listed in the second list, and 151st in the third list.
don ni dgongs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidyutketu (509 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
don rnam par nges pa|The Nibandhana commentary explains the term arthaviniścaya twice. It first states, “ ‘Distinctly ascertaining the meanings’ means classifying/analyzing the dharmas” (arthānāṁ viniścayo dharmāṇāṁ pravicayaḥ, Samtani 1971, p. 73). This interpretation equates arthaviniścaya with the key term dharma pravicaya (“classifying the dharmas”), a synonym of “higher cognition” (prajñā), “special insight” (vipaśyanā), and, importantly, abhidharma.\nThe second explanation is slightly more elaborate: “For sentient beings, by listening to this, there is an ascertainment of the meaning/purpose in manifold ways; thus, this is a name wherein the meaning corresponds” (arthasya vividhākāreṇa niścayo bhavaty etat-śravaṇāt sattvānām ity anugatārthā saṁjñā, Samtani 1971, p. 83).\nSamtani (1971, p. 57ff.) argues against taking the word artha to here signify “meaning(s),” and suggests instead that it should be understood as “topic,” “subject matter,” or “category”; thus, while Ferrari’s previous rendering would translate into English as “the determination of the meaning” (“la determinazione del significato,” Ferrari 1944, p. 588) and match our own preference, his own translation of arthaviniścaya is “compendium of categories” (Samtani 2002, p. 3). Bhikkhu Ānandajoti prefers “analysis of the topics” (Ānandajoti 2016, front cover), which also matches Norman’s preference (“analysis of the (Buddhist) topics,” Norman 1973, p. 677).\nWhile we do not think that translating as either “category” or “topic” is, per se, wrong (for, one could say, the two senses of artha as “topic” and artha as “meaning” are somewhat overlapping), the arguments offered by Samtani do not entirely convince us. One of his arguments is that dharma = “category,” and therefore, since the commentary tells us that artha = dharma, it follows that artha is a category; here our difficulty is with the premise, since we believe that here dharma means “entity” rather “category,” and indeed dharmas as entities are meanings/referents as opposed to words (śabda). Another argument adduced by Samtani is based on his interpretation of a quote from Yaśomitra, where artha is equated with viṣaya, which in turn Samtani explains as “subject matter.” However, we think that the context of that passage (Wogihara 1989, p. 23) rather strongly suggests that it is not explaining the word artha as meaning “subject matter” but rather as “object,” i.e., viṣaya as “domain,” here in the sense of the domain of sensory activity of one of the five sense faculties. Yaśomitra is here explaining the term artha appearing in the expression “objects of the sense faculties” (indriyārthāḥ, Abhidharma kośa kārikā 1.9https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html).\nFurthermore, we are not entirely sure that the sense of artha in the two explanations offered by the Nibandhana is exactly the same; we think that in the second explanation it is quite possible that artha (in the singular, unlike in the first interpretation) also, or maybe even primarily, carries the sense of “purpose” or “goal” (one could say “what is meaningful,” with a bit of a stretch). It is also quite likely that different nuances of the sense of artha are implied in the commentary, which is a virtue rather than a defect in Sanskrit writing (as we understand it).\nWe opted for “meaning” for the following reasons: it has a somewhat more vague/less specified feel (to us; “ascertaining the topics” could well mean ascertaining which topics are there (rather than, in fact, ascertaining their meanings); and, also taking into account other passages where the term arthaviniścaya occurs, we think it desirable to retain at least a suggestion of the opposition between “word” versus “meaning” (śabda vs. artha), which is of crucial importance in the Buddhist tradition (“relying on the meaning rather than on the words” is one of the four reliances (pratiśaraṇa); “relying on the topics” or “on the categories” may not sound too far from “relying on the words,” let alone be its opposite. Thus, “meaning/meaningful/purpose/what has purpose” is the range of meanings that we primarily read in the artha appearing in the expression arthaviniścaya.\nThe following passages use the term arthaviniścaya in contexts that are different from our sūtra, and thus we do not claim that any of them, or even all of them taken together, should lead to a conclusive ascertainment of the meaning of artha. However, we think they may clarify our purpose in using “meaning”:\n“The awareness of all sounds of speech; the awareness of the etymological explanations; the awareness of the distinct ascertainment of the meaning/what is meaningful/what is of benefit; the avoidance of what is not of benefit/what is meaningless” (sarva ruta jñānaṃ nirukti vyavasthāna jñānaṃ artha viniścaya jñānaṃ anartha vivarjanaṁ, Samādhi rāja sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh127.html#UT22084-055-001-3962; Dutt 1941, p. 18).\n“He sets aside the incoherent meaning/unconnected purpose; he is very certain in respect to the distinct ascertainment of the meanings/purposes” (asaṃsaktam artham uddharati suviniścito bhavati artha viniścaye, Śayanāsana vastu,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh1-17.html Gnoli 1978b, p. 45).\n“This is a negation of the word-meaning; the real thing is not set aside. In this way, the distinct ascertainment of the meaning should also be understood in respect to other sentences” (śabdārtha pratiṣedho 'yaṃ na vastu vinivāryate evam anyeṣv api jñeyo vākyeṣv artha viniścayaḥ, Prajñā pāramitā piṇḍārthaḥ https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3809.html of Dignāga, Tucci 1947, p. 58; Tucci here translates artha viniścayaḥ as “determination of the things,” p. 65).\n“What is the distinct ascertainment of the meaning? It is where there is a distinct ascertainment in respect to six meanings. Which six meanings? The meaning of own-being, the meaning of cause, the meaning of result, the meaning of karma, the meaning of yoga, and the meaning of occurrence” (artha viniścayaḥ katamaḥ yatra ṣaḍ arthān ārabhya viniścayo bhavati katame ṣaḍ arthāḥ svabhāvārthaḥ hetvarthaḥ phalārthaḥ karmārthaḥ yogārthaḥ vṛttyarthaś ca, Abhidharma samuccaya,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4049.html Hayashima 2003, p. 858).
don rnams thams cad gzigs|The 218th buddha in the first list, 217th in the second list, and 217th in the third list.
don sbyin|Son of the buddha Arthasiddhi.
don sems|Son of the buddha Samṛddha.
don sems|Father of the buddha Amitābha.
don sgra|Mother of the buddha Sthitārtha.
don smra|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśāntadoṣa.
don snang|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇārci.
don so so yang dag par rig pa|First of the four kinds of exact knowledge.
don spyad|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṃdhi.
don spyod pa|One of the four means of attraction.
don spyod pa|One of the four ways of magnetizing disciples.
don spyod pa|Third of the four attractive qualities of a bodhisattva.
don spyod|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
don ston blo gros|Birthplace of the buddha Sthitārtha.
don thams cad gdon mi za ba'i rgyan|The buddha that Ratnaprabha becomes.
don thams cad grub pa|A buddha, one of the main characters in this text.
don thams cad grub pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
don thams cad grub pa|A universal monarch of the past, lit. “Accomplisher of All Aims.”
don thams cad grub pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Source of Diligence.
don thams cad grub pa|The personal name of Śākyamuni, which also has the shorter form Siddhārtha.
don thams cad grub pa|One of the buddhas who appear in Vimalakīrti’s house to teach the Tathāgata guhyaka, according to the goddess.
don thams cad gzigs pa|A buddha.
don thams cad kyi dpal|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
don thams cad kyi snying po|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
don thams cad mdzad|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
don thams cad sems pa|A buddha.
don thams cad|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
don yod 'od zer|A buddha.
don yod brtson 'grus|A great bodhisattva.
don yod dga'|Son of the buddha Supakṣa.
don yod dpal|A buddha.
don yod dpal|A great bodhisattva.
don yod go 'phang gnon|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
don yod go 'phang|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
don yod go cha bgos|A buddha.
don yod go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
don yod gom pas rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
don yod gom pas rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
don yod grub pa|A buddha of the north.
don yod grub pa|One of the five primary tathāgatas, he presides over the karma family.
don yod grub|A buddha.
don yod gshegs|The 652nd buddha in the first list, 651st in the second list, and 643rd in the third list.
don yod khro bo'i rgyal po|Another name for the wrathful aspect of Amoghapāśa, usually referred to simply as Krodharāja.
don yod khyu mchog rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
don yod khyu mchog|A buddha.
don yod lcags kyu|The name of one of the emanations (“Unfailing Goad”) of Avalokiteśvara. Also, the name of a dhāraṇī mantra that is referred to in the text as “the heart dhāraṇī of precious amogha offerings.”
don yod ming bsgrags dpal|A buddha.
don yod ming rgal|A great bodhisattva.
don yod ming sgrogs|A buddha.
don yod ming sgrogs|A great bodhisattva.
don yod ming sgrog|A buddha.
don yod ming sgrog|A great bodhisattva.
don yod mtha' yas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jagadmati.
don yod mthong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
don yod mthong|The 60th buddha in the first list, 60th in the second list, and 61st in the third list.
don yod pa rnam par dag pa dri ma med pa|A medicinal goddess.
don yod pa rnam par lta ba'i zhags pa|A paraphrase of the name Amoghāvalokita pāśa. It is also the name of a mantra. The name translates literally as “Unfailing-Gaze-Noose,” a phrase too vague to venture a definitive interpretation.
don yod pa rnam par lta ba|“Unfailing Gaze” seems to be a short form of Amoghavilokita pāśa.
don yod pa yid bzhin nor bu'i 'od|One of the mantra deities, an emanation of Amoghapāśa.
don yod pa'i 'khor lo kun nas rnam par gzigs pa|The name of an emperor of the vidyādharas. The word “noose” is not reflected in the Tibetan.
don yod pa'i chos la mnga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
don yod pa'i go cha|A buddha.
don yod pa'i gtsug tor|Amoghoṣṇīṣa must be a short form of Amoghapāśa-Padmoṣṇīṣa.
don yod pa'i khro bo lcags kyu|Seems to be an elaboration of the name Krodhāṅkuśa.
don yod pa'i lcags kyu|A goddess associated with Amoghapāśa.
don yod pa'i phyag|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
don yod pa'i rgyal po khro bo|Another name for the wrathful aspect of Amoghapāśa, usually referred to simply as Krodharāja.
don yod pa'i rgyal po|“Unfailing King” is used as an epithet of Amoghapāśa and any of his forms and is also used for some of his mantras. Arguably, it can also refer to the text of the Amogha pāśa kalpa rāja as a whole, especially in the opening paragraphs where this text is introduced.
don yod pa'i zhags pa gtsug tor|Possibly refers to Amoghapāśa-Padmoṣṇisa.
don yod pa'i zhags pa khro bo|Amogha pāśa krodha is another paraphrase of the name of Krodharāja as the wrathful form of Amoghapāśa (Amogha pāśa-Krodha rāja). When the name refers specifically to the deity’s mantra, it has been translated as “Wrathful Amoghapāśa.”
don yod pa'i zhags pa'i gtsug tor|Possibly refers to Amoghapāśa-Padmoṣṇisa.
don yod pa'i zhags pa'i lcags kyu|The longer version of the name Amoghāṅkuśa.
don yod pa'i zhags pa|“Unfailing Noose,” an emanation of Avalokiteśvara.
don yod par rnam par lta ba'i zhags pa'i snying po|Another name of Amoghapāśa, associated with a particular mantra, whose meaning implies that it is his gaze that constitutes the “unfailing” noose.
don yod par rnam par lta ba'i zhags pa|A paraphrase of the name Amoghāvalokita pāśa. It is also the name of a mantra. The name translates literally as “Unfailing-Gaze-Noose,” a phrase too vague to venture a definitive interpretation.
don yod par sgrol ba|“Unfailing Savioress” seems to be the name of the female counterpart of Amoghapāśa and of her vidyā mantra.
don yod pa|This seems to be a short form of Amoghapāśa, or perhaps an epithet of Avalokiteśvara emphasizing the “unfailing” aspect of his activity.
don yod pa|The quality of being unfailing, and also the unfailing quality of Avalokiteśvara and the deities related to him, such as Amoghapāśa; in the latter sense, the term can appear before nouns in much the same way as “vajra,” when used adjectivally or adverbially.
don yod rdo rje|Ca. eleventh century; a paṇḍita who worked with Khampa Lotsāwa Bari Chödrak on a number of translations. Not to be confused with the eighth century translator of the same name who translated texts into Chinese.
don yod rgyal po|Close Śravaka disciple of the Buddha.
don yod rgyal po|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
don yod rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
don yod rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
don yod rnam par gnon pa|The 183rd buddha in the first list, 182nd in the second list, and 182nd in the third list.
don yod rtsal gyis 'gro ba|A great bodhisattva.
don yod sems|Attendant of the buddha Jñānakrama.
don yod sna tshogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
don yod stegs|Birthplace of the buddha Amogharaśmi.
don yod zhags pa'i gtsug tor|Possibly refers to Amoghapāśa-Padmoṣṇisa.
don yod zhags pa|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
don yod zhags pa|“Unfailing Noose,” a prominent emanation of Avalokiteśvara in esoteric literature. The Amoghapāśakalparāja, a Kriyātantra, is dedicated to his rites.
don yod|A prince.
don yod|Father of the buddha Ajitagaṇa.
don yongs su rdzogs pa|Another name of the Rāṣṭrapāla paripṛcchā sūtra.
don zab dgongs pa nges par 'grel|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
dong ka'i shing dang sa ha ka ra dang me tog 'byung ba'i ka dam pa lta bu|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
dong ka|Pterospermum acerifolium. Other names include bayur, muchakunda, muchalinda, and dinner-plate tree.
dong tse|A gold coin of considerable value.
don|The meaning or actuality of something.
dor ba med pa stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
dor ba med pa stong pa nyid|Eleventh of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
dor ba med pa stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
dpa' ba'i 'od|Father of the buddha Oghajaha.
dpa' ba'i blo gros|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpa' ba'i dbang po|Attendant of the buddha Pradyota.
dpa' ba'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
dpa' ba'i rgyal mtshan|The seventy-eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
dpa' ba'i rtsal gyis 'gro ba|A great bodhisattva.
dpa' ba'i sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpa dama sthita (932 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpa' bar 'gro ba'i ting nge 'dzin|A special type of samādhi (meditative absorption).
dpa' bar 'gro ba|An absorption.
dpa' bar 'gro ba|Name of the first meditative stability.
dpa' bar 'gro ba|One of the ten absorptions of the bodhisattvas.
dpa' bar 'gro ba|Lit. “heroic march.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
dpa' bar grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas.
dpa' bas byin|A king in the distant past.
dpa' ba|A great bodhisattva.
dpa' ba|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpa' bo dpal|A householder in this sūtra.
dpa' bo dri med|A great bodhisattva.
dpa' bo gcig pa|An epithet of a male deity (it may also apply to his mantra) who appears in his maṇḍala without a retinue.
dpa' bo gcig pa|Another name for Caṇḍa mahā roṣaṇa; he is called “sole” because, apart from his consort, he is not accompanied by the deities of the maṇḍala.
dpa' bo gcig po|Male deity visualized with a consort, but without the maṇḍala deities.
dpa' bo gcig pu grub pa|Emanation of Mañjuśrī; the title deity of the SEV. He is visualized in the rituals of the 41st and 46th mantras of the SEV.
dpa' bo'i 'gros kyis 'gro ba|A householder in this sūtra.
dpa' bo'i bdag po|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
dpa' bo'i sde|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
dpa' bo'i sde|A Magadhan king, the successor of Viśoka.
dpa' bo'i sde|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Devoid of Sorrow.
dpa' bo'i sde|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
dpa' bo'i sde|A bodhisattva who only appears in passing in the Samādhirāja, and in no other sūtra.
dpa' bo'i sde|“Heroic Rank”; two different individuals in this sūtra: (1) a universal monarch of the past and (2) a bodhisattva disciple of King Who Transcends the Light of Mount Meru.
dpa' bo'i sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidyutprabha (129 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpa' bo'i stobs|A bodhisattva disciple of King Who Transcends the Light of Mount Meru.
dpa' bos sbyin|Son of the buddha Vijitāvin.
dpa' bo|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
dpa' bo|“Valiant, heroic, manly”; an epithet applied to male deities of wrathful aspect.
dpa' bo|The 219th buddha in the first list, 218th in the second list, and 218th in the third list.
dpa' bo|One of the two brothers in Mathurā who are predicted by the Buddha to build a monastery in the future.
dpa' bo|Covers a wide range of meanings—in general a male being, not necessarily benevolent, ranging from a powerful spirit to a retinue deity in a maṇḍala.
dpa' bo|Closely associated with notions of virility, this term can denote the male deity of the maṇḍala (whose consort is the Vidyā) or the yogī who practices this mode of Tantra.
dpa' brtan brtul zhugs nges pa la nye bar gnas pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpa' brtan pa'i sde dga' ba'i rgyal po|One of the 35 buddhas of confession.
dpa' brtan pa'i sde mtshon chas nyon mongs pa sel ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Powerful.
dpa' brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
dpa' brtan|The name of all the buddhas who had been followers of King Mahābala in a previous lifetime.
dpa' bzang mo|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
dpa' mkhas|A bodhisattva.
dpa' mo gcig ma|The single form of a deity without its accompanying maṇḍala of deities.
dpa' mo|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
dpa' mo|A term applied to the central deity of a tantric maṇḍala.
dpa' mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dpa' rab|The name of a kingdom south of Kośala that was ruled by Udayin/Udayana during the Buddha’s time. Its capital was Kauśāmbī.
dpa' rtogs|A hunter.
dpa' sbas|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dpa' sbyin|A wealthy householder in Śrāvastī, presumably a bodhisattva, who is the main interlocutor of the Buddha in The Questions of the Householder Vīradatta.
dpa' sde|A country.
dpa' sde|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
dpa' sde|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpa' spyod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Hutārci.
dpa' sra rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
dpa' sra|A monk.
dpa' stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhasena.
dpag bsam gyi shing la spyod pa|A lake near Sudharma.
dpag bsam gyi shing|Seventy-ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
dpag bsam|A mythical tree granting all desires. The Kalpavṛkṣa is usually depicted as being located in a heaven or Indra’s paradise, but the wish-fulfilling tree mentioned in The Limits of Life is said to be located in Uttarukuru.
dpag med 'gro|Attendant of the buddha Velāma.
dpag med 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimalaprabha.
dpag med 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dpag med 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jagadmati.
dpag med blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇacūḍa (801 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpag med dbyangs|(1) A queen of King Sarvārthasiddha. ({dpag med spos}) (2) A bodhisattva disciple of King of the Lunar Lamp. ({dpag med dbyangs})
dpag med khyu mchog|A great bodhisattva.
dpag med ldan|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Bright Light.
dpag med me tog|A buddha.
dpag med mig|Mother of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
dpag med pa'i lha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pradyotarāja (293 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpag med rgyal mtshan|Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
dpag med rin chen mdzod|Name of a bodhisattva.
dpag med rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
dpag med spos|(1) A queen of King Sarvārthasiddha. ({dpag med spos}) (2) A bodhisattva disciple of King of the Lunar Lamp. ({dpag med dbyangs})
dpag med spyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ojodhārin (906 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpag med|The 931st buddha in the first list, 930th in the second list, and 921st in the third list.
dpag tshad brgyar rnam par lta zhing 'gro ba|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
dpag tshad|An Indian measure of distance equal to 16,000 cubits, or about 4.5 miles (7.4 km), or approximately 4000 fathoms (Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary).
dpag tshad|A unit of distance. According to Monier-Williams, a krośa equals “the range of the voice in calling,” or 4,000 hasta (“hands”), or a quarter of a yojana.
dpag tshad|A measure of distance. The exact distance can vary according to different sources; however, it is generally said to be between six and fourteen kilometers.
dpag tshad|The yoking distance of oxen, based on the interpretation of the Treasury of Abhidharma (Abhi dharma kośa), Ch. 3, vv. 87–88, one yojana may be calculated to be 7.315 metres or 4 miles 960 yds.
dpag tshad|The longest unit of distance in classical India. The lack of a uniform standard for the smaller units means that there is no precise equivalent, especially as its theoretical length tended to increase over time. Therefore it can mean between four and ten miles.
dpag tshad|A standard measure of distance used in ancient India. The Sanskrit literally means “yoking” or “joining.” It is the distance a yoked ox can travel in a day or before needing to be unyoked. Sources calculate the exact distance variably, somewhere between four and ten miles.
dpag tu med pa 'bab pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dpag tu med pa'i rgyal ba|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s assembly.
dpag tu med par sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
dpag tu med pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dpag yas rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
dpal 'bar ba|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glory of Being Renowned for Considering Everyone resides.
dpal 'byor gnas|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal 'byung|A buddha in the past.
dpal 'byung|A boy, one of the two kalyāṇamitras in Chapter 53.
dpal 'byung|A bodhisattva, formerly the bodhisattva Divine Excellence, who is mentioned in The Teaching by the Child Inconceivable Radiance.
dpal 'dun|Mother of the buddha Prāmodyarāja.
dpal 'dzin|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
dpal 'dzin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anavanata.
dpal 'dzin|Śrīdhara (ca. 870 ce–ca. 930 ce) was a renowned Indian scholar who composed the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh1925.html (Toh 1925), a praise to Sarasvatī.
dpal 'od|The 381st buddha in the first list, 380th in the second list, and 375th in the third list.
dpal 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anantavikrāmin.
dpal 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bodhirāja (567 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpal 'phel|The name of a king in the southern region in the distant future.
dpal bde chen po|In the tantric context, a common epithet that can refer to several awakened deities.
dpal be'u|Lit. “Lakṣmī’s calf.” One of the symbols adorning the palms of the hands and soles of the feet of the buddhas. Together with the svastika and nandyāvarta, it forms the eightieth minor sign. It is the endless knot, symbolizing compassion.
dpal be'u|A swirl of chest hair that in the Buddhist tradition is counted as one of the eighty minor marks of a great being. It is also a regular iconographic feature of the Brahmanical deity Viṣṇu. The srīvatsa can be stylistically depicted as an endless knot, and is thus included among the eight auspicious symbols in Buddhism.
dpal be'u|An auspicious symbol for eternity, taking the design of an endless looping knot; the Tibetan translates the term as “glorious knot,” while the Sanskrit literally means “beloved of Śrī” as an epithet of Viṣṇu (the consort of Śrī), because the emblem is seen on Viṣṇu’s chest. In Buddhism the design represents the endless insight and compassion of the Buddha and is included among the eight auspicious emblems. It is also here the third of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
dpal brtsegs dbang po brtan|Attendant of the buddha Indrama.
dpal brtsegs pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one He Who Is Proclaimed King of the Pile of Śrīgarbha Jewels.
dpal brtsegs rgyal po|A buddha from the east.
dpal brtsegs rgyal po|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal brtsegs rnam par 'joms pa|A buddha.
dpal brtsegs|Father of the buddha Mahāyaśas.
dpal brtsegs|Tibetan editor of The Good Eon.
dpal brtsegs|One of the proofreaders of the Tibetan translation of the Vinayavastu of the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya.
dpal brtsegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa (198 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpal brtsegs|Also known as Kawa Paltsek ({ska ba} or {ka ba dpal brtsegs}), he was one of Tibet’s preeminent translators. According to some traditions he was one of the first seven Tibetans to be ordained by Śāntarakṣita, and he is counted as one of Guru Rinpoche’s twenty-five close disciples. Paltsek was also one of the most important editors of the early period, one of nine translators installed by Trisong Detsen to supervise the translation of the Tripiṭaka and help catalog translated works for the first two of three imperial catalogs.
dpal brtsegs|Paltsek, from the village of Kawa north of Lhasa, was one of Tibet’s preeminent translators. He was one of the first seven Tibetans to be ordained by Śāntarakṣita and is counted as one of Guru Rinpoche’s twenty-five close disciples. In a famous verse by Ngok Lotsawa, Paltsek is named with Chokro Luyi Gyaltsen and Zhang Nanam Yeshé as part of a group of translators whose skills were surpassed only by Vairotsana. He translated works from a wide variety of genres, including sūtra, śāstra, vinaya, and tantra and was an author himself (for a list of his translations and writings, see Martin, 2011). Paltsek was also one of the most important editors of the early period, one of nine translators installed by Trisong Deutsen to supervise the translation of the Tripiṭaka and help catalogue translated works for the first two of three imperial catalogs (the ldan kar ma and bsam yas mchims phu ma catalogs, which were probably the initiative of Tride Songtsen; see Raine, 2010, 8).
dpal byed chen mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dpal byin ma|Mother of the buddha Vīryadatta.
dpal byung|A monk; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
dpal bzang mo|Mother of the buddha Jñānapriya.
dpal bzang mo|One of the maids of Queen Mālādhārā.
dpal bzang mo|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara; also an eminent daughter in Dhanyākara.
dpal bzang po|A bodhisattva.
dpal bzang po|A buddha realm.
dpal bzang po|A buddha who lives in an eastern buddha realm called Sorrowless.
dpal bzang po|Bhadraśrī (Excellent Glory) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Padmaśrī.
dpal bzangs ldan|A god of the Tuṣita heaven.
dpal bzangs|Father of the buddha Vimalarāja.
dpal bzang|Name of a god.
dpal bzang|Son of the buddha Subhadra.
dpal bzang|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal bzang|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
dpal bzang|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vigatatamas.
dpal bzang|One of King Bimbisāra’s queens. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-005.html#UT22084-055-005-139 .
dpal can|Attendant of the buddha Jyeṣṭha.
dpal can|An unidentified mountain only mentioned in this sūtra. Possibly an alternative name for one of the seven golden mountain ranges encircling Sumeru.
dpal chen mo|One of the epithets of Lakṣmī.
dpal chen mo|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
dpal chen mo|One of the four retinue goddesses of Siddhaikavīra.
dpal chen po|One of the names of Lakṣmī.
dpal chen|Name of a bodhisattva.
dpal chen|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal chen|An unidentified mountain only mentioned in this sūtra. Possibly an alternative name for one of the seven golden mountain ranges encircling Sumeru.
dpal chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigata mohārtha cintin (715 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpal dang blo gros|Nineteenth of the eighty minor marks.
dpal dang blo gros|It is not clear who this name refers to.
dpal dang ldan pa|An unidentified mountain only mentioned in this sūtra. Possibly an alternative name for one of the seven golden mountain ranges encircling Sumeru.
dpal dbyangs|A king in the distant past.
dpal dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kusumadatta.
dpal dbyig|Lit. “Splendor and Wealth.” A young merchant from Vārāṇasī.
dpal dga' mo|One of the maids of Queen Mālādhārā.
dpal dgyes|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
dpal dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaśrī (695 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpal dregs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gandheśvara.
dpal grags|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
dpal gyi 'od|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara.
dpal gyi 'od|An eminent daughter in Dhanyākara.
dpal gyi bdag|A buddha in the distant past. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3100 .
dpal gyi be 'u rdo rje 'od 'phro bas brgyan pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
dpal gyi be'u|A special symbol, often represented as an endless knot in the Tibetan tradition.
dpal gyi be'u|An auspicious symbol, taking the form of an endless knot, indicative of eternity.
dpal gyi be'u|An auspicious sign found on the chest of the Buddha. In non-Buddhist traditions it is also found on the chest of certain deities, such as Viṣṇu.
dpal gyi be'u|Literally “the favorite of the glorious one,” or (as translated into Tibetan) “the calf of the glorious one.” This is an auspicious mark that in Indian Buddhism was said to be formed from a curl of hair on the breast and was depicted in a shape that resembles the fleur-de-lis. In Tibet it is usually represented as an eternal knot. It is also one of the principal attributes of Viṣṇu.
dpal gyi blo gros lha|The twenty-fourth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Śiridevamati.
dpal gyi blo gros ma|A girl, one of the two kalyāṇamitras in Chapter 53.
dpal gyi blo gros|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal gyi bshes gnyen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Devarāja (960 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpal gyi bsod nams|Son of the buddha Mālādhārin.
dpal gyi bzang mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Kalyāṇacūḍa.
dpal gyi bzang mchog|Attendant of the buddha Oṣadhi.
dpal gyi bzhin yongs su rgyas pa|A cakravartin’s precious queen in the distant past.
dpal gyi dbyangs|Tibetan translator of The Good Eon.
dpal gyi dbyangs|More commonly known as Palyang ({dpal dbyangs}), and also as Ba Ratna ({sba rat na}), Ba Palyang ({sba dpal dbyangs}), Ba Trisik ({sba khri gzigs}), and Śrīghoṣa, he was a translator and the first of the group of seven Tibetans to be ordained and trained by Śāntarakṣita.
dpal gyi dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
dpal gyi gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha.
dpal gyi gzi brjid|A nāga prince.
dpal gyi gzi brjid|Nāga King Sāgara’s son.
dpal gyi gzi brjid|A king in the distant past.
dpal gyi gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Kṛtārthadarśin.
dpal gyi gzi brjid|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal gyi lha mo chen mo|Epithet of Lakṣmī, Hindu goddess of wealth and prosperity and consort of Viṣṇu.
dpal gyi lha mo|One of the female bodhisattvas.
dpal gyi lha mo|A goddess; a yakṣiṇī in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
dpal gyi lha mo|The goddess of royal splendor, equated with Lakṣmī; in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala she is one of the eight goddesses of offerings.
dpal gyi lhun po|A member of the Tibetan translation group of the Vinayavastu of the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya.
dpal gyi lhun po|One of the greatest Tibetan translators. He lived in the eighth to ninth century. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-058-006.html#UT22084-058-006-827 .
dpal gyi lhun po|Apart from Butön’s inclusion of Palgyi Lhünpo in his list of translators, there does not appear to be much biographical information available on this ninth-century translator. In addition to his work on the vinaya, Palgyi Lhünpo translated at least two Mahāyāna sūtras (the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh220.html and the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh157.html ), several chapters of dhāraṇī, and several works in verse included in the Tengyur. The colophons of his translations indicate that Paltsek revised some of his translations, including the Vinayavastu and the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh5.html , to either complete unfinished work or reflect newly adopted standards.
dpal gyi mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṛtārthadarśin (187 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpal gyi me tog kun nas rgyas pa'i gzi brjid snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
dpal gyi mtsho|A buddha in the distant past. BHS: Śirisa Mudra.
dpal gyi rgya mtsho|A buddha in the distant past. BHS: Śirisamudra.
dpal gyi ri 'od 'phro'i dpal|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Meruarciśiri.
dpal gyi ri bo gzi brjid bzang po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
dpal gyi ri bo kun nas rnam par snang ba'i rgyal po|A buddha in a northwestern realm.
dpal gyi ri bo|The ancient country roughly corresponding to the Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh; also the name of various mountains.
dpal gyi rin chen mchog|Mother of the buddha Ratnayaśas.
dpal gyi sde|A king, who was a past life of the Buddha. He was a bodhisattva renowned for his unstinting generosity and spiritual resolve.
dpal gyi snying po brtsegs pa rnam par bsgrags pa'i rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Pile of Śrīgarbha Jewels.
dpal gyi snying po chags pa med pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva from a northern buddha realm.
dpal gyi snying po dang ldan pa|A realm in the eastern direction.
dpal gyi snying po gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
dpal gyi snying po kun nas snang ba'i rgyal po|A buddha in a southern realm.
dpal gyi snying po snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Glorious.
dpal gyi snying po'i gser 'od|A bodhisattva.
dpal gyi snying po|Name of a king in a story the Buddha tells.
dpal gyi snying po|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
dpal gyi snying po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal gyi snying po|The 126th buddha in the first list, 126th in the second list, and 127th in the third list.
dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva in the distant past who was a previous life of Mañjuśrī. Also known as Varaprabha.
dpal gyi snying po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sujāta (325 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpal gyi stobs|A king in the distant past.
dpal gyi tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhākara (205 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dpal gyi tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnaśrī.
dpal gyi zla ba can|Name of a thus-gone one.
dpal gzi ma|Mother of the buddha Arciṣmati.
dpal kun nas 'phags pa'i gzi brjid rgyal po|A bodhisattva from a western realm.
dpal kun nas yang dag par 'byung ba|A buddha in the eastern direction.
dpal kun tu rnam par snang ba'i dpal|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
dpal kun tu snang ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK. His name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “Glorious with Surrounding Fragrance and Light.”
dpal kyi snying po snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Glorious.
dpal kyi snying po|A great bodhisattva.
dpal ldan gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Viṣāṇin.
dpal ldan legs|A deity.
dpal ldan ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
dpal ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dpal ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; the name of a nakṣatra.
dpal ldan sprin gyi gzi brjid|A tathāgata.
dpal ldan|Epithet of Śiva-Rudra.
dpal ldan|Son of the buddha Ugradatta.
dpal ldan|Father of the buddha Lokottara.
dpal ldan|One of the buddhas prophesied by Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal ldan|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dpal ldan|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Shining Essence of Glory.
dpal lha mo chen mo|“Glorious Great Goddess.” This is also a widespread name in Hindu contexts; it is, for example, an epithet of Śiva’s consort, but this name could refer to a number of different figures.
dpal lha'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
dpal mar me mdzad|The Bengali Buddhist reformer who visited Tibet in the middle of the eleventh century and whose disciples established the Kadampa ({bka' gdams pa}) tradition.
dpal mchod ma|Mother of the buddha Ratnaśrī.
dpal mchog|Mother of the buddha Śaśin.
dpal mchog|A minister in the court of King Prasenajit.
dpal mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sārthavāha.
dpal mdzes pa|Another name of Lakṣmī.
dpal me tog gi snying po|A buddha residing in the northern direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal mgrin|A country northwest of Delhi.
dpal mgrin|The district around Sthāṇvīśvara.
dpal mnyam pa'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
dpal mo|The Hindu goddess of prosperity.
dpal mo|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dpal mo|The goddess of good fortune; also, one of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dpal mthu|A youth.
dpal rdzogs pa|The 813th buddha in the first list, 812th in the second list, and 802nd in the third list.
dpal rgyal me tog|Mother of the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha.
dpal rgyal|Mother of the buddha Nanda.
dpal rgyal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Harṣadatta.
dpal rgyan ma|Mother of the buddha Ratnottama.
dpal rgyas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthitārtha jñānin.
dpal sbas|A great bodhisattva.
dpal sbas|A tathāgata of the past world Virtuous Occurrence.
dpal sbas|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dpal sbas|A brahmin who invited the Buddha to this home with malicious intent.
dpal sbas|The 256th buddha in the first list, 255th in the second list, and 255th in the third list.
dpal sbas|A householder from the city of Rājagṛha and follower of the Jain master Jñātiputra. Chief protagonist of the Śrīgupta Sūtra, he sets multiple traps to kill the Buddha on the instruction of his teacher, which the Buddha foresees and skillfully avoids. Feeling remorse for his actions, he takes refuge in the Buddha.
dpal sde|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
dpal shin tu 'bar ba|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
dpal skyed|A disciple of the Buddha.
dpal srung|A buddha.
dpal stobs|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍha.
dpal yid du 'ong ba'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
dpal|The ruler of Gauḍa identified as Śrī Ādityasena.
dpal|The goddess of good fortune identified with Lakṣmī.
dpal|“The Glorious One,” a name of Lakṣmī, the goddess of fortune and beauty.
dpal|The 330th buddha in the first list, 329th in the second list, and 324th in the third list.
dpal|In chapter 10 the name of a buddha in the past. In chapter 44 the name of one of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dpal|The goddess of fortune and prosperity, she is also known as Lakṣmī. In The Question of Mañjuśrī her image is the fifty-fifth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
dpas byin|A great bodhisattva.
dpas byin|Son of the buddha Vaidya.
dpas byin|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
dpas byin|The name, in his previous lifetime as a monk, of the buddha named Jewel Moon Performing Enlightened Actions.
dpas byin|A wealthy householder in Śrāvastī, presumably a bodhisattva, who is the main interlocutor of the Buddha in The Questions of the Householder Vīradatta.
dpas sbyin|A king.
dpe byad bzang po brgyad cu|The set of eighty physical marks that identify both a buddha and a universal monarch (cakravartin); in the case of the former they indicate the perfection of the awakened state of buddhahood.
dpe byad bzang po brgyad cu|A set of eighty bodily characteristics and insignia borne by both buddhas and universal emperors. They are considered “minor” in terms of being secondary to the thirty-two marks of a great person.
dpe byad bzang po brgyad cu|Eighty of the hundred and twelve identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, in addition to the so-called “thirty-two marks of a great being.” They are considered “minor” in terms of being secondary to the thirty-two marks.
dpe byad bzang po brgyad cu|For their enumeration see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-292 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2396 .\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-293 ).
dpe byad bzang po brgyad cu|A set of eighty bodily characteristics and insignia borne by both buddhas and cakravartins. For a complete list see the Aṣṭā daśa sāhasrikā prajñā pāramitā Sūtra (The Perfection of Wisdom in Eighteen Thousand Lines), https://read.84000.co/translation/toh10.html#UT22084-029-001-5663.
dpe byad bzang po brgyad cu|A set of eighty bodily characteristics and insignia borne by both buddhas and universal monarchs. For a comprehensive list of the eighty marks see Negi (3333). These are considered “minor” in terms of being secondary to the “thirty-two signs of great persons.” For a comprehensive list of the eighty and thirty-two marks see Berzin (2012).
dpe byad bzang po|For their enumeration in this text, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-5663 .
dpe byad bzang po|These characteristics of a supreme being are eighty in number and include such details as the redness of the fingernails and the blackness of the hair.
dpe byad|Listed as eighty minor signs on the body of a buddha.
dpe byad|For their enumeration in this text, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-5663 .
dpe byed|The eighty secondary physical characteristics of a “great being,” a mahāpuruṣa, which every buddha possesses. They include such details as the redness of the fingernails and the blackness of the hair.
dpe med blo gros|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
dpe med dpal|A buddha realm.
dpe med dpal|The wife of a householder in this sūtra.
dpe med ma|One of the goddesses.
dpe med pa|A forest at Sudharma.
dpe med pa|The twelfth bodhisattva level.
dpe med|The wife of King Brahmadatta.
dpe med|Mother of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
dpe med|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sucintita.
dpe sde|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
dpon po kA tyA ya na|A teacher associated with Maskari Gośāliputra and the doctrine of non-action (akriyāvāda), a type of antinomianism.
dpral ba mnyam pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the third of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
dpung bkod pa|Lit. “array of forces.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
dpung bzang|Name of a bodhisattva.
dpung bzang|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dpung bzang|The main interlocutor for the Subāhu paripṛcchā Tantra.
dpung gi tshogs rab tu 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
dpung gi tshogs yan lag bzhi pa|The fourfold division of an army into infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots.
dpung gi tshogs yan lag bzhi pa|The ancient Indian army was composed of four branches—infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants.
dpung gi tshogs yan lag bzhi pa|The fourfold division of the ancient Indian army: elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers.
dpung gi tshogs yan lag bzhi|These are elephants, horse cavalry, chariots, and infantry (Tatelman 259).
dpung gi tshogs yan lag bzhi|The fourfold division of an army into infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots.
dpung gi tshogs yan lag bzhi|The ancient Indian army was composed of four branches (caturaṅga)‍—infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants.
dpung gi yan lag bzhi|The fourfold division of an army into infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots.
dpung mgo chen po|A buddha.
dpung mgo shin tu zlum po|Sixteenth of the thirty-two major marks.
dpung mgo zlum pa|A buddha.
dpung mgo zlum pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-third of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
dpung pa dri ma med pas 'od zer bcom pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
dpung pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
dpung rgyan ldan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
dpung rgyan ldan|A village or town.
dpung rgyan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
dpung rgyan|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dpung rgyan|Seventy-fourth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
dpung rgyan|Disciple of Śiṣyaka, he was prophesied by the Buddha to slay the arhat Sūrata, hastening the Dharma’s disappearance from this world.
dpung yan lag bzhi pa|The fourfold division of an army into infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots.
dpyal lo tsA ba chos kyi bzang po|Chel Lotsāwa Chökyi Sangpo (d. 1216) was a Tibetan translator active in the thirteenth century.
dpyid bzla dang po|The month of Caitra.
dpyid dang ldan pa|A night goddess.
dpyid dga' ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dpyid zla 'bring po|The month of Vaiśakha.
dpyid zla 'bring po|A solar month in the Indic calendar, roughly from mid-March to mid-April.
dpyid zla tha chungs|A solar month in the Indic calendar, roughly from mid-April to mid-May.
dpyid|A particular form of Heruka; personification and the god of spring; name of an attendant on Kāmadeva.
dpyod pa'i ting nge 'dzin spang ba'i 'du byed dang ldan pa'i rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|Fourth of the four supports for miraculous abilities.
dpyod pa|One of the four bases of magical power.
dpyod pa|In our text, the specific quality of vicāra is to remain mindful of nimitta in the sense of “mentally watching” or noting them without engaging in a more discursive way.
dpyod pa|A mental factor understood either as “the subtlety of the mind” or as the cause for such subtlety. More elaborate definitions explain it as a type of “mental murmur” (manojalpa) that is searching (paryeṣaka) and can be either based on intention (cetanā) or on wisdom (prajñā). See also “deliberation” (vitarka).
dra ba bcan gyi 'od|A great bodhisattva.
dra ba can gyi 'od gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
dra ba can gyi 'od|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
dra ba can gyi 'od|Mother of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita locana.
dra ba can gyi 'od|A bodhisattva and one of the interlocutors in this teaching.
dra ba can gyi tog|A buddha.
dra ba can kyi 'od|A buddha realm.
dra ba can|The daughter of Prince Viśvantara.
dra ba gcod byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
dra ba kha|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
dra ba'i phreng ba|A forest in Dwelling in Excellent View.
dra bi DA|The region inhabited by peoples who speak Tamil, Telugu, Kanarese, Malayalam, and Tulu.
dra byi la|Draviḍa was the name for the region in the south of India where the Dravidian languages were spoken, including Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Tamil. The Dravidians were the indigenous population of India before the arrival of people who spoke Indo-European languages, specifically early forms of Sanskrit.
drag bu|One of the muhūrtas.
drag mo ka ta ya na|‟Wild Kātyāyanī,” one of the eight kātyāyanī spirits.
drag mo|One of the eight great yakṣīs.
drag pa'i lha|Name of a past king in a story the Buddha tells.
drag po chen po|A wrathful form of Śiva.
drag po chen po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
drag po'i bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
drag po'i gzi brjid|One of the rāśis.
drag po'i las|Roughly synonymous with abhicāra (assaulting), this broad category of rites includes those ritual practices and magical acts that are used to curse, exorcise malevolent influences, deter, harm, and kill enemies, and otherwise engage in hostile activities directed towards human and nonhuman targets.
drag pos 'od byin|A character from literature (it is not clear which one).
drag po|A Hindu deity.
drag po|A wrathful form of Śiva.
drag po|The wrathful form of Śiva.
drag po|The god of tempests, related to Śiva.
drag po|One of the four primary categories of ritual activities.
drag shul 'bar|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhu.
drag shul 'chang|A great bodhisattva.
drag shul 'od zer|The 354th buddha in the first list, 353rd in the second list, and 348th in the third list.
drag shul 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhadharma.
drag shul blo gros|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prajñāgati (956 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
drag shul brtsegs|Father of the buddha Ugratejas.
drag shul byin|Attendant of the buddha Siṃha.
drag shul byin|The 399th buddha in the first list, 398th in the second list, and 392nd in the third list.
drag shul byin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmakīrti (333 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
drag shul can|Attendant of the buddha Subāhu.
drag shul can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
drag shul gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Padmapārśva.
drag shul ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ugrasena.
drag shul nges|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
drag shul sbyin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vajra.
drag shul sde|Attendant of the buddha Siddhi.
drag shul sde|The 524th buddha in the first list, 524th in the second list, and 517th in the third list.
drag shul sgra dag 'byung|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhasvara.
drag shul skad 'byin pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Garjitasvara.
drag shul snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Janendrarāja.
drag shul|One of the eight great nāgas.
drag shul|Attendant of the buddha Kusumaparvata.
drag shul|The 82nd buddha in the first list, 82nd in the second list, and 83rd in the third list.
dran 'od|The 703rd buddha in the first list, 702nd in the second list, and 692nd in the third list.
dran grogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anihata.
dran ldan|Attendant of the buddha Asamabuddhi.
dran ldan|Father of the buddha Askhalita buddhi.
dran pa dang ldan pa|A deva in Trāyastriṃśa.
dran pa gsal|Attendant of the buddha Apagatakleśa.
dran pa ma|One of the four retinue goddesses of Mahāsarasvatī.
dran pa nyams pa med pa|Ninth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
dran pa nye bar bzhag pa bzhi|Mindfulness of the (1) body, (2) feelings, (3) mind, and (4) mental phenomena.
dran pa nye bar bzhag pa bzhi|Application of mindfulness with respect to the body, feelings, mind, and phenomena.
dran pa nye bar bzhag pa bzhi|Four contemplations on: (1) the body, (2) feelings, (3) mind, and (4) mental objects. These four contemplations are part of the thirty-seven factors of awakening.
dran pa nye bar bzhag pa|Four contemplations on: (1) the body, (2) feelings, (3) mind, and (4) phenomena. These four contemplations are part of the thirty-seven branches of awakening.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa bzhi pa|The meditative application of awareness to the body, perception, mind, and dharmas; part of the thirty-seven aspects of awakening.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa bzhi|Often called “four types of mindfulness”; they refer to mindfulness of the body, bodily sensations, thoughts, and phenomena.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa bzhi|A meditation in which (in the most basic form in which it is taught) one sees the body as impure, feeling as painful, mind as transient, and things as without self.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa bzhi|The application of mindfulness to the body, the application of mindfulness to feeling, the application of mindfulness to mind, and the application of mindfulness to dharmas.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa bzhi|Mindfulness of the body, mindfulness of feelings, mindfulness of the mind, and mindfulness of dharmas, the last understood variously as either all dharmas or a specific list of dharmas.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa bzhi|A fundamental practice of Buddhist meditation: close application of mindfulness to the body, close application of mindfulness to feelings, close application of mindfulness to mind, and close application of mindfulness to phenomena.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa bzhi|The four applications of mindfulness are (1) the application of mindfulness which, with regard to the physical body, observes the physical body; (2) the application of mindfulness which, with regard to feelings, observes feelings; (3) the application of mindfulness which, with regard to the mind, observes the mind; and (4) the application of mindfulness which, with regard to phenomena, observes phenomena. In the present sūtra, these can be found listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-158 and detailed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-949 .
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|The four foundations of mindfulness refers to the application of mindfulness to: the body, sensations, the mind, phenomena.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|Belonging to the thirty-seven aids to awakening, these are four contemplations on (1) the body, (2) feelings, (3) mind, and (4) phenomena.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|These are the stationing, or focusing, of mindfulness on the body, sensations, the mind, and things. These four form a part of the thirty-seven aids to enlightenment.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|Refers here to the four applications of mindfulness that belong to the thirty-seven factors conducive to awakening: mindfulness of the body, feelings, thoughts, and mental objects.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|A fundamental practice of Buddhist meditation: close application of mindfulness to the body, close application of mindfulness to feelings, close application of mindfulness to mind, and close application of mindfulness to phenomena.
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|The presence of recollection that consists in the consideration of the body, the presence of recollection that consists in the consideration of the feelings, the presence of recollection that consists in the consideration of the mind, and the presence of recollection that consists in the consideration of phenomena.
dran pa nyer gzhag pa|Four types of mindfulness that regard the body, feelings, the mind, and dharmas.
dran pa rgya mtsho'i sgo|The fourteenth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
dran pa rnyed pa|A prince and bodhisattva.
dran pa thob pa|Reincarnation of Damaśrī, prince living in the past at the time of the buddha Merugandha.
dran pa yang dag byang chub kyi yan lag|First of the seven branches of enlightenment.
dran pa'i blo can|A monk living in the world system in which the Dharma of the Buddha Jñānaprabhā proliferated.
dran pa'i blo|A bodhisattva of the past world Virtuous Occurrence who answers the questions of the Tathāgata Glorious Secret. A past incarnation of the bodhisattva Prajñākūṭa.
dran pa'i dbang po|Third of the five faculties.
dran pa'i dbang po|The 872nd buddha in the first list, 871st in the second list, and 861st in the third list.
dran pa'i dpal|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
dran pa'i go bgos pa gnas kyi mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Smṛtiprabha.
dran pa'i gtsug|Birthplace of the buddha Suvarṇacūḍa.
dran pa'i rgyal mtshan rgyal po|The eighty-fourth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. In the Tibetan, {dpal} (śri) has been merged into the following name, Dharmamati. BHS verse: Smṛti ketu rāja śiri.
dran pa'i stobs|Third of the five powers.
dran pas 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
dran pa|Also translated in this sūtra as “recollection.”
dran pa|A positive mental state characterized by recollection of a teaching or object of focus.
dran pa|One of the most important trainings for the Buddhist practitioner, it is traditionally taught within the teachings on the four applications of mindfulness.
dran pa|Not forgetting the Buddha’s teachings amid whatever activities one is currently undertaking. See also “three kinds of sterling equanimity.” Closely related to vigilant introspection.
dran pa|The root smṛ may mean to “recollect,” but also simply to “think of” something. “Mindfulness” means, broadly speaking, bringing something to mind, not necessarily something experienced in a distant past but also something just experienced, such as the position of one’s body.
dran pa|This is the faculty that enables the mind to maintain its attention on a referent object, counteracting the arising of forgetfulness, which is a great obstacle to meditative stability. Together with alertness, mindfulness is one of the two indispensable factors for the development of calm abiding (Skt. śamatha). Also translated here as “recollection.”
drang ba'i don|A statement that is context-specific or which which requires further explanation. Contrasted with “definitive meaning.”
drang por dga'|Father of the buddha Varuṇa.
drang po|Attendant of the buddha Kṣemaṃkara.
drang song chen po|Epithet of the Buddha.
drang srong 'byung ba|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
drang srong bdun|The “seven sages” are the mythological sages associated with the constellation of the same name.
drang srong bdun|Refers to the seven stars of the Big Dipper, the names of which are derived from the names of the seven sages (saptarṣi) of the Vedic tradition.
drang srong blo gros 'gro|Attendant of the buddha Velāmaprabha.
drang srong blo|Father of the buddha Hutārci.
drang srong blo|Attendant of the buddha Susthita.
drang srong bshes gnyen|Father of the buddha Ṛṣideva.
drang srong byi bo|A land in the southern region in the future.
drang srong byin|Father of the buddha Jñānin.
drang srong byin|Mother of the buddha Anunnata.
drang srong byin|Son of the buddha Puruṣadatta.
drang srong byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amoghadarśin.
drang srong bzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Gautama.
drang srong chen po|Epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
drang srong chen po|Father of the buddha Uttīrṇaśoka.
drang srong chen po|Indian sage, often a wandering ascetic or hermit; in other contexts the term is also an epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.\nListed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the fifty-fourth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. As this “great sage” is listed in the eighty designs among a group of gods (47–55), it could be that this is an epithet referring to a specific god, but to whom cannot be deciphered with certainty from this narrow context.
drang srong dad par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Āryapriya.
drang srong dad pa|Birthplace of the buddha Arthakīrti.
drang srong dbang po|Father of the buddha Amoghavikramin.
drang srong dbang po|The 770th buddha in the first list, 769th in the second list, and 759th in the third list.
drang srong dga' ba|A river on Flocking Peacocks.
drang srong dga' ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śaśin.
drang srong dga'|Mother of the buddha Sugandha.
drang srong gar ga'i rdzing|A pond in Campā
drang srong gi ri|A place said in this text to be in Rājagṛha, and therefore presumably not the Ṛṣipatana or Ṛṣivadana located outside Vārāṇasī.
drang srong gsal ba|The 944th buddha in the first list, 943rd in the second list, and 934th in the third list.
drang srong gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Satyaruta (423 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
drang srong gtso|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
drang srong lha|Father of the buddha Asthita.
drang srong lhung ba|A hill near the Deer Park on the outskirts of Vārāṇasī.
drang srong lhung ba|The site near Vārāṇasī where the Buddha first turned the wheel of Dharma.
drang srong lhung ba|The forest, also referred to as a deer forest, where the Buddha taught his first five pupils.
drang srong lhung ba|A hill near the deer park at Sarnath where the Buddha first taught the Dharma following his awakening.
drang srong mang pos bstod pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnatejas.
drang srong mthu rtsal can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmakośa.
drang srong ri dwags kyi nags|The site near Vārāṇasī where the Buddha first turned the wheel of Dharma and former abode of the Buddha Kāśyapa.
drang srong ri|The name of this unidentified legendary mountain may be inspired by Ṛṣigiri Mountain near Rājgir.
drang srong rtogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Chedana.
drang srong sbyin|A lay follower of the Buddha.
drang srong sbyin|A certain sage whom The Hundred Deeds appears to list as one of the attendants of the queen in Śrāvastī during the time of the Buddha. Elsewhere he and his associate Purāṇa are remembered as a ministers or attendants (sthapati) to King Prasenajit.
drang srong sdug pa|Son of the buddha Jñānābhibhū.
drang srong sems gsal|Father of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
drang srong sgra sgrogs kyi gnas|A place near Nādikā, a village in the country of Vṛji.
drang srong smra ba|A park near Vārāṇasī where the Buddha gave the first sermon.
drang srong smra ba|A sacred area located outside of Vārāṇasī where many sages are said to have practiced in the past.
drang srong smra ba|“Speech of the Sages,” an alternate name for Ṛṣipatana ({drang srong lhung ba}), the location of the Deer Park outside of Vārāṇasī where the Buddha first turned the wheel of Dharma.
drang srong smra ba|A place in the Deer Park (Mṛgadāva) outside Vārāṇasī where the Buddha Śākyamuni first turned the wheel of Dharma. The name, meaning “speech of ṛṣis (sages or seers),” may refer to a story that in this same place during the time of the previous Buddha, Kāśyapa, five hundred seers (in some versions pratyekabuddhas) uttered prophecies and attained nirvāṇa on hearing that the Buddha Śākyamuni was to come. Also known as Ṛṣipatana.
drang srong spyod pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Madaprahīṇa.
drang srong tshangs pa'i lha|A sage.
drang srong zas len skra ser|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
drang srong zla ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arthamati.
drang srong|Indian sage, often a wandering ascetic or hermit. “Great Seer” (maharṣi, {drang srong chen po}) is often used as an epithet of the Buddha.
drang srong|Sage. An ancient Indian spiritual title especially for divinely inspired individuals credited with creating the foundations for all Indian culture.
drang srong|A person, usually endowed with some superhuman powers; also a class of superhuman beings (in the latter meaning this term is used in its Sanskrit form).
drang srong|Indian sage or wise man, often a wandering ascetic or hermit; {drang srong} is literally “the righteous one.” “Great sage” is sometimes also used as a specific epithet of the buddhas.
drang srong|An ancient Indian spiritual title especially for divinely inspired individuals credited with creating the foundations for Indian culture. The term is often applied to Śākyamuni and other realized Buddhist figures.
drang srong|A class of celestial beings, the “sages”; in the convention adopted here, the term when left in Sanskrit denotes a nonhuman sage. The name, in the sense of a celestial sage, occurs also in the name of the constellation “Seven Ṛṣis” (saptarṣi) that corresponds to the seven stars of the Great Bear.
drang tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
dregs 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Caitraka.
dregs par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Kanakaparvata.
dregs spang|The 668th buddha in the first list, 667th in the second list, and 659th in the third list.
dren pa'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
dren pa'i rgyal mtshan|A great bodhisattva.
dres pa'i nags tshal|Indra’s pleasure grove on the summit of Sumeru.
dri 'das|A buddha realm.
dri 'thul ba|A forest in Total Pleasure.
dri bkod pa|The name of an absorption.
dri bral ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
dri chab ma|A goddess of perfume invoked in a mantra.
dri dga'|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
dri gsum|Attachment, aggression, and delusion.
dri gsum|The three root emotional defilements (kleśa): desire, hatred, and delusion. Also known as the three poisons.
dri gtong|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
dri gtsang khang pa|Literally “perfumed chamber”; this was the name given to the Buddha’s personal room at the Jetavana monastery. The term was then later applied to the room in any monastery where an image of the Buddha was installed, to signify his presence. In the context of a Kriyātantra, the term seems to refer generically to a shrine chamber, perhaps one specifically enshrining the deity that is the focus of a given rite.
dri gtsang khang|The special private dwelling of the Buddha.
dri gtsang khang|A special room or shrine dedicated to a buddha, intended as both residence and reliquary. A common feature especially in rock-cut temples.
dri gtsang khang|The name of the room at the Jeta Grove monastery where the Buddha lived; the name of the innermost chamber in the original vihāra layout where the Buddha, and later his image, resided.
dri gtsang khang|Term that was first used in reference to the Buddha’s personal residence. Later, after the Buddha’s passing, the term came to denote the inner chamber of Buddhist monasteries in India, where a Buddha statue was housed to represent the Buddha’s residence at the monastery.
dri la chags pa|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
dri ldan phyag|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dri ldan|The name of a world realm.
dri ma bral|The 194th buddha in the first list, 193rd in the second list, and 193rd in the third list.
dri ma chen po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dri ma dang bral ba'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
dri ma dang bral ba|The second bodhisattva bhūmi.
dri ma gsum mthar byed ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dri ma gsum|Anger, desire, and ignorance.
dri ma gsum|Attachment, aggression, and delusion.
dri ma gsum|The same as the three poisons: desire, hatred, and delusion.
dri ma gsum|The three root emotional defilements (kleśa): desire, hatred, and delusion. Also known as the three poisons ({dug gsum}, triviṣa).
dri ma kun bral|A great bodhisattva.
dri ma med dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Radiant Light.
dri ma med grags|The 301st buddha in the first list, 300th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
dri ma med kyis byin|A bodhisattva.
dri ma med pa can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Stainless Light.
dri ma med pa chen po|The king of the garuḍas present at this discourse.
dri ma med pa dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Radiant Light.
dri ma med pa skyed pa'i 'od|A queen’s nurse in another world in the distant past.
dri ma med pa zab mo la 'jug pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dri ma med pa'i 'od dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Perfectly Pure Light.
dri ma med pa'i 'od kyi phreng ba can|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dri ma med pa'i 'od zer|A buddha.
dri ma med pa'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Prabhākara.
dri ma med pa'i 'od|The name of a goddess in this text.
dri ma med pa'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Candraprabha.
dri ma med pa'i 'od|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Stainless.
dri ma med pa'i 'od|One of King Inexhaustible Merit’s queens and a different woman who questions the Buddha.
dri ma med pa'i 'od|The 484th buddha in the first list, 483rd in the second list, and 477th in the third list.
dri ma med pa'i bla ma'i ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
dri ma med pa'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
dri ma med pa'i gnas ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dri ma med pa'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva.
dri ma med pa'i kun dga' ra ba|The location of the Buddha’s discourse in The Dhāraṇī for Secret Relics.
dri ma med pa'i me tog|A buddha.
dri ma med pa'i mig|A great bodhisattva.
dri ma med pa'i mig|Name of a kinnara prince.
dri ma med pa'i mig|A prince in the distant past.
dri ma med pa'i rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva.
dri ma med pa'i sgron ma|Name of the thirrty-fourth meditative stability.
dri ma med pa'i sgron ma|Lit. “stainless lamp.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
dri ma med pa'i snying po|A prince in the distant past.
dri ma med pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva from another world.
dri ma med pa'i snying po|A buddha in the southern direction.
dri ma med pa'i snying po|The world where the twelve thousand nāgas will reach buddhahood.
dri ma med pa'i snying po|Unidentified jewel, literally “stainless essence.” Possibly moonstone.
dri ma med pa'i snying po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vikrāntadeva.
dri ma med pa'i spyan|A buddha in the distant past.
dri ma med pa'i tog|A great bodhisattva.
dri ma med pa'i tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dri ma med pa'i zhal|A buddha.
dri ma med pa'i zla ba|God invoked in divination and soothsaying, possibly associated with Kubera, or an epithet of Kubera.
dri ma med par 'gro ba|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
dri ma med par grags pa|A bodhisattva.
dri ma med par grags pa|Father of the buddha Satyarāśi.
dri ma med par grags pa|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The names of the sixteen vary from text to text.
dri ma med par gsal ba|A city in Godānīya.
dri ma med par snang ba'i dpal|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dri ma med par snang ba|A tathāgata of the past world Stainless who recited a dhāraṇī for the bodhisattva Glorious Light.
dri ma med pas byin pa|A queen in the distant past.
dri ma med pa|The buddha field of the Buddha All-Illuminating.
dri ma med pa|The past buddha the preceded Dīpaṅkara in our world.
dri ma med pa|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
dri ma med pa|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
dri ma med pa|Lit. “Stainless.” The second level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
dri ma med pa|(1) A past world where the Tathāgata Stainless Illumination recited a dhāraṇī to the bodhisattva Glorious Light. (2) The name of an eon in the past.
dri ma med|Close Śravaka disciple of the Buddha.
dri ma med|A buddha realm in the south where the daughter of the nāga king Sāgara became a buddha.
dri ma mthar byed|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dri ma myed pa'i 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
dri ma myed pa'i myig|In chapter 1, {dri ma myed pa'i myig} is the name of a bodhisattva present with the Buddha Śākyamuni in Śrāvastī; in chapter 43, {mig dri ma med pa} is the name of the precious minister of a cakravartin.
dri ma myed pa'i sras|A buddha in the distant past.
dri ma rab zhi|The 788th buddha in the first list, 787th in the second list, and 777th in the third list.
dri ma|One of the eight great nāgas.
dri ma|Lit. “smell,” “scent,” “stain.”
dri mchog dpal|A buddha.
dri mchog|The name of an eon in the past.
dri mchog|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Moonlight.
dri mchog|Nymphaea stellata; Nymphaea nouchali. Day-blossoming water lilies that may be blue, white, or red.
dri med 'byung ba'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
dri med 'gros|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dri med 'od 'phro tog 'byung blo|Son of the buddha Sūrya.
dri med 'od 'phro|Father of the buddha Candra.
dri med 'od grags|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dri med 'od|A buddha.
dri med 'od|A divine king of the Highest Heaven.
dri med 'od|A future buddha, who was Candraprabha in the time of Śākyamuni.
dri med 'thor ba|A great bodhisattva.
dri med blo gros|Mother of the buddha Asthita.
dri med blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anantatejas.
dri med blo|Son of the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa.
dri med blo|One of the goddesses in some of the maṇḍalas of Avalokiteśvara.
dri med bshes gnyen|Ca. eighth century. An Indian master important in the transmission of Buddhism to Tibet.
dri med byed ma|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
dri med byin|Father of the buddha Vajrasena.
dri med byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇabāhu.
dri med bzang mo|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
dri med bzang po|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dri med dag pa'i gser gyi mdog can|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
dri med dban bskur|A king and sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
dri med dga'|Father of the buddha Meruyaśas.
dri med grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Amitāyus.
dri med gtong|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
dri med gzi brjid|A bodhisattva.
dri med gzi brjid|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dri med ldan|The wife of a householder in this sūtra.
dri med legs snang|A brahmin layman who is the main interlocutor in The Dhāraṇī for Secret Relics.
dri med mig|A brahmin.
dri med mtha' yas ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode. The Tib. is not an accurate translation of the attested Sanskrit.
dri med mtha' yas|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Golden.
dri med pa'i 'od|The name of a certain number of thus-gone ones.
dri med pa'i tog|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
dri med pa|“Stainless.”
dri med pa|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
dri med rgyal po|The 507th buddha in the first list, 507th in the second list, and 500th in the third list.
dri med spyan tog gi rgyal po|Name of a buddha.
dri med spyan|The 477th buddha in the first list, 476th in the second list, and 470th in the third list.
dri med tog|A buddha.
dri med zla ba'i tog gi rgyal po grags ldan|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to the west of the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
dri med zla ba|A king.
dri med zla ba|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
dri med zla|Short name of the buddha Bright Countenance Like the Stainless Moon of the Essence of Glorious Splendor.
dri med|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
dri med|The wife of a householder in this sūtra.
dri med|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dri med|The 217th buddha in the first list, 216th in the second list, and 216th in the third list.
dri med|One of the first to join the Buddha’s order of monks. He followed his friend Yaśas into the Buddhist order.
dri med|An alternate name of a bodhisattva prophesied to become the tathāgata presiding over the buddhafield Full of Pearls after the tathāgata King of Jewels passes into parinirvāṇa.
dri myed dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva.
dri myed rgyal mtshan|In chapter 1 it is the name of one of the bodhisattvas in the presence of the Buddha at Śrāvastī (translated as {dri myed rgyal mtshan}). In chapter 44 it is the name of a bodhisattva in another world in the distant past (translated as {rgyal mtshan dri ma med pa}).
dri nag ma'i bu|An alternate name for the Indian seer Vyāsa.
dri rgyu ba|An area in Kuru.
dri rgyu ba|A forest on the lower level of Living on the Peak.
dri thams cad|Though often listed differently, this refers to a combination of four or five commonly used perfumes.
dri za lus 'od rgyal po|The thirty-eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
dri za ma|A female gandharva.
dri za mo|Female gandharva.
dri za mo|One of the eight nāga ladies.
dri za'i blo|Attendant of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
dri za'i dbyangs can|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dri za'i grong khyer|Cloud formations that look like elaborate celestial cities, one classical example of illusory phenomena.
dri za'i grong khyer|A particular kind of mirage in which buildings, mountains, and so on can appear in the sky above the horizon. In India, called the “city of gandharvas,” as it was believed to be a glimpse of the residences of these divine beings.
dri za'i rgyal po|Identified as Citraratha throughout mythological literature.
dri za'i rgyal|A buddha in the distant past.
dri za|Gandharvas (literally “odor eaters”) are generally regarded as a class of menacing divine offspring, but in Abhidharma the term is often used differently—as a synonym for the mental body assumed by any sentient being of the world system of desire (kāma dhātu) during the intermediate state between death and rebirth.
dri za|Lit. “smell eater.” Gandharvas are a class of spirits and minor gods (deva) in both Hindu and Buddhist cosmologies. They are supposedly messengers, singers and skilled musicians and dancers. Often closely associated with various nature-spirits (yakṣa), they are on occasion depicted as disturbing to monks practicing meditation.
dri za|In Indian religious mythology, a class of nonhuman beings who often appear as semidivine celestial musicians. The same term is used in certain Buddhist texts in a quite different sense: to denote a disembodied sentient being or anguished spirit in the intermediate state between two lives, seeking the conditions for a new birth as a human or other kind of embodied being.
dri za|The term generally refers to a class of nonhuman beings sometimes known as “celestial musicians.” In Abhidharma cosmology, the term is also used to refer to the mental body assumed by any sentient being in the realm of desire (Skt. kāmadhātu) during the intermediate state between death and rebirth. Gandharvas are said to live on fragrances in the desire realm, hence the Tibetan translation {dri za}, meaning “scent eater.”
dri za|A class of nonhuman beings, literally “smell-eaters,” who are sometimes seen as anguished spirits but more often appear, as in many passages in this text, as semi-divine celestial musicians. The same term is used in other passages in a quite different sense: to denote a disembodied sentient being in the intermediate state between two lives, seeking the conditions for a new birth as a human or other kind of embodied being.
dri za|A class of generally benevolent nonhuman beings who inhabit the skies, sometimes said to inhabit fantastic cities in the clouds, and more specifically to dwell on the eastern slopes of Mount Meru, where they are under the jurisdiction of the Great King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. They are most renowned as “celestial musicians” who serve the gods. In the Abhidharma, the term is also used to refer to the mental body assumed by any sentient being in the realm of desire (kāmadhātu) during the intermediate state between death and rebirth. Gandharvas are said to live on fragrances in the desire realm, hence the Tibetan translation {dri za}, meaning “scent eater.”They are one of the eight classes of nonhuman beings ({sde brgyad po}) said to have been present when the Buddha taught the Mahāyāna sūtras.
dri zhim 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhapārśva (632 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dri zhim pa'i tshal|A forest in Moving Mind.
dri zhim po rnam par phye ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
dri zhim spos|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vimuktacūḍa (656 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dri zhim|A buddha realm.
dri zhim|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Oṣadhi (16) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dri'i chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dri'i khams|Eighth of the eighteen sensory elements.
dri'i phreng ba|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
dri'i rgyal po|A buddha.
dri'i skye mched|Ninth of the twelve sense fields.
dril bu ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
dril rna|The name of a worldly deity who is identified variously as an attendant of Skanda, an attendant of Śiva, a piśāca attendant of Kubera, and a rākṣasa.
dris dregs dga'|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
dris lan dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja.
dro bar gyur pa|The first of the four stages of penetrative insight.
drod gsher las skyes pa|One of the fourfold classification of ways in which beings are born.
drod gsher las skyes pa|One of the four modes of birth (caturyoni; {skes gnas bzhi}). Tiny bugs and microbes are understood to be born from the confluence of heat and moisture.
drod gsher las skyes|Third of the four modes of birth.
drod|Name of the 1st training on the path of preparation.
drod|The first of the four stages of penetrative insight.
dron mo|An ocean between Godānīya and Videha.
drug nam|A unit of weight equal to 26 grains of rice.
drug sde'i dge slong dag|Six ill-behaved monks whose conduct often causes the Buddha’s establishment of new rules: Nanda, Upananda, Punarvasu, Chanda, Aśvaka, and Udāyin.
drug sde|A group of six monks who are portrayed in Vinaya texts as constantly pushing the limits of the disciplinary rules established for the monastic community.
drug sde|A certain band of monks of the Buddha’s order who appear throughout the vinaya literature as examples of those who break the monastic rules. In Pāli their names are given as Assaji, Punabbasu, Panduka, Lohitaka, Mettiya, and Bhummaja. The Hundred Deeds contains one story in which they trick the nun Sthūlanandā into thinking that they can help her attain magical powers.
drug|The six sense objects: forms, sounds, smells, tastes, textures, and mental objects.
du ba bzang ma|One of the great piśācīs.
du ba dga' ba|A river on Forest Garlands.
du ba ma|One of the great piśācīs.
du ba pa|A forest on Forest Garlands.
du ba'i tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
du bas 'khrigs pa|A forest in Passionate Conduct.
du ba|A comet or a falling star personified.
du gu la'i ras|Also spelled dukula and dugulla, this has been identified differently over the centuries as a kind of bark-fiber cloth, woven silk, linen, and cloth made from cotton grown in Ganda. It is considered an acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
du gu la|A kind of very fine textile fabric.
du gul|A fine fabric.
du mu ru|The name of a gandharva.
du ru ka|Also called olibanum, this is a resin from trees of the genus Boswellia, in this case Boswellia serrata, “Indian frankincense.” It is also known as salai and śallakī.
dud 'gro|One of the rāśis.
dud 'gro|One of the three unfortunate rebirths, above that of hell beings and hungry ghosts.
dud 'gro|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, who suffer from gross ignorance or bewilderment ({gti mug}, {moha}). They inhabit the realm of desire along with human beings.
dud ldan|One of the grahas.
dug 'dzin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dug chen mtsho|A legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
dug drag po thams cad spyod yul ma|A goddess.
dug drag|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dug gsum|The three are ignorance, desire, and hatred.
dug gsum|A collective name for desire, hatred, and delusion.
dug gsum|The three main affective behavior patterns, or “afflictions,” namely ignorance, desire, and anger.
dug ma|One of the great piśācīs.
dug med|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dug mo nyung|Holarrhena pubescens.
dug|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dug|This word can mean “poison,” and it can also refer to a class of spirits associated with poisons.
dul ba'i bshes gnyen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Raśmi.
dul ba'i gnas gsum|Buddhas discipline in ways that are unequivocally gentle, unequivocally harsh, and both gentle and harsh.
dul ba'i gzi brjid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Damajyeṣṭha (834 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dul ba'i rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Apagatakleśa.
dul bar gnas pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
dul bar gnas|Son of the buddha Sudatta.
dul bar gnas|Attendant of the buddha Hutārci.
dul bar sems|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja this name appears twice, perhaps in error. Translated the first time in Tibetan as {shin tu dul ba'i sems}, and the second time as {dul bar sems}.
dul ba|A brahmin devotee of Buddhism.
dul ba|Father of the buddha Aśokarāṣṭra.
dul ba|Attendant of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
dul ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dul gnas dga'|Son of the buddha Praśāntagātra.
dul gnas dga'|Mother of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
dul gnas dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhu.
dul gnas me tog|The 942nd buddha in the first list, 941st in the second list, and 932nd in the third list.
dul gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samadhyāyin.
dul mdzes|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dul rab|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error. Translated the first time in Tibetan as {dul rab}, and the second time as {shin tu dul}.
dum bu ru|A certain gandharva king, father of Princess Suprabhā.
dum bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dum skyes ma|One of the seven types of ḍākinīs.
dung can ma|A Hindu goddess.
dung can ma|A Buddhist goddess.
dung can ma|Another name for the channel carrying semen.
dung can|A Buddhist goddess.
dung can|A rākṣasī in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
dung chen|“The great conch shell.” One of the four great treasures and the being who presides over it.
dung dang mu tig dmar po|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
dung gi mdog|A pond on Equal Peaks.
dung gi sgra si mi si mi|An ocean between Kuru and Godānīya.
dung skyong|One of the kings of the nāgas.
dung thogs|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dung|One of the kings of the nāgas.
dung|(1) A king in the future. (2) A ṛṣi.
dung|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
dung|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dung|“The conch shell.” One of the four great treasures and the being who presides over it.
dung|Seventy-first of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. This design of the conch is represented separately from the Dharma conch found at the apex of the hierarchy of merit described in The Question of Mañjuśrī.
dur khrod kyi bdag po|‟Lord of the Cremation Ground,” one of the eight bhūta kings.
dur khrod kyi ras|A piece of cloth that covers corpses being carried to a cremation ground and that remains draped over them on the funeral pyre.
dur khrod|One of the grahas.
dur khrod|A cremation ground, or place for discarded corpses.
dur khrod|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
dus byin dbyang|Son of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
dus bzangs|A king of the swans.
dus bzang|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dus bzhi|Four ages of human life in Jambudvīpa including the age of perfection, age of threefold endowment, age of twofold endowment, and age of strife.
dus can|A nāga king who became a pupil of the Buddha. Gandhara scultpures represent his conversion.
dus dang mthun pa'i tsan dan|Sanskrit dictionaries also define the word as “gum benzoin” (not to be confused with the unrelated chemical, benzoin) and the Shisham or Indian Rosewood tree (Dalbergia sissoo). However, in this sūtra this is evidently referring to a kind of sandalwood (Santalum album). The name, which means “following time,” refers to the long-lasting scent of the wood. In other texts kālānusāri candana is translated as {dus kyi rjes su 'brang ba}.
dus dang po la dga' ba|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dus dpog rgyal po|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
dus dpog|(1) A brahmin living in the country of King Piṇḍavaṃśa. (2) A brahmin who is the Buddha in a past life.
dus gsum 'od dbyangs|A buddha in the distant past. BHS: Triyadhva prabha ghoṣa.
dus gsum gyi mtshan rab tu snang ba'i gzi brjid|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
dus gsum gyi mying thams cad rab tu sgrog pa'i gtsug phud|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
dus gsum gyi ye shes kyi glog gi sgron ma|“The Lamp of the Lightning of the Wisdom of the Three Times.” The name of a ray of light.
dus gsum mnyam nyid blo|Mother of the buddha Smṛtiprabha.
dus gsum mnyam pa nyid tshar phyin pa|Mahāvyutpatti 360.
dus gsum rab tu snang ba'i rin po che'i rgyal po yongs su 'byung ba'i dbyings|A group of world realms in the eastern direction.
dus gsum rgyun shes gyi bu|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
dus gsum snang ba'i 'od|The eightieth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS: Triyadhva pratibhāsa prabha.
dus gsum snang ba'i blo|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
dus gsum thams cad kun nas dbyangs kyi gtsug pud|A bodhisattva.
dus gsum|The past, present, and future.
dus kyi chu|A town in Videha.
dus kyi mtha'i nyi ma|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dus kyi mtha'|One of the grahas.
dus kyi mtshan mo|The seventh of the nine forms of Durgā, also worshiped in tantric Buddhism.
dus kyi rjes su 'brang ba|Also called gum benzoin and gum benjamin. Not to be confused with the unrelated chemical called benzoin. It is the resin of styrax trees.
dus kyi tha mar|The least auspicious in the cycle of four eons.
dus kyi tshal rgya che|A forest in Dwelling on Forest Riverbanks.
dus las 'das|A world system.
dus ma yin pa'i 'chi ba|This term literally means an “untimely death.” In both Buddhist and non-Buddhist South Asian literature, human beings are said to be allotted a certain lifespan, and that lifespan is a function of the age in which they live. In the current age, the full human lifespan is said to be one hundred years. Thus any death that occurs before one has lived out an entire one hundred years is technically considered an “untimely death.” The list of various “untimely deaths” in Buddhist literature generally includes tragic and unnatural ways of dying such as drowning, contracting a sudden illness, being burned to death, etc.
dus ma yin pa'i sprin dang lce 'bab pa rnam par 'joms pa|A tathāgata.
dus mchog|Father of the buddha Kusuma.
dus mi mthong|A lotus pool in Lateral.
dus mkhyen 'od|The 871st buddha in the first list, 870th in the second list, and 860th in the third list.
dus mkhyen rgyal po|The 125th buddha in the first list, 125th in the second list, and 126th in the third list.
dus mkhyen rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anupamavādin (675 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
dus mkhyen|The 208th buddha in the first list, 207th in the second list, and 207th in the third list.
dus mthar byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dus na dga' ba|A mountain in Kuru.
dus pa las gyur pa|A term in the Suśrutasaṃhitā that denotes a dangerous illness that results when all three humors are out of balance.
dus rig sbyin|Son of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṃdhi.
dus rig|Son of the buddha Pradyota.
dus sprin ma|A goddess.
dus ston gyi tshigs|A mountain in Moving in the Wink of an Eye.
dus su 'bab pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
dus su rung ba|One of “the four medicines.” “Food fit for a time” is food eaten between dawn and noon, the appropriate time according to the monastic code. It refers mainly to maṇḍa (scum of boiled rice), odana (boiled rice gruel), kulmāsa (sour gruel), and māṃsapūpā (meat cake). It is medicinal in that it is primarily aimed at combating the “illness” of hunger. An acceptable form of medicine for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
dus thams cad du mngon par 'phags pa'i cod pan|A bodhisattva.
dus tshigs drug|The six seasons are early winter, late winter, spring, summer, monsoon, and fall.
dus tshigs thams cad|A forest upon Mount Playful in Sudharma.
dus|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the śrāvakas; a vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
dzA lan dha ra|One of the four pīṭhas.
dzA lan dha ra|Modern-day Jalandhar of the Punjab region.
dzA na ba dzra|An Indian master, whose precise dates are unknown, and who wrote a commentary on the Entry into Laṅka Sūtra.
dza hi ka|Jasminum grandiflorum according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
dza la mu khi|“Flaming Mouth.” One of the eight nāga queens.
dza tI|Jasminum grandiflorum.
dza ti|Jasminum grandiflorum. Also known as Spanish or Catalonian jasmine, even though it originates in South India. Particularly used as offerings in both Buddhist and Hindu temples. In other sūtras, jāti is translated as {sna ma}.
dza yan ti|Sesbania sesban.
dza ya|One of the “four sisters” invoked in a mantra.
dzam bha la chu dbang|This seems to be another name of Jambhala.
dzam bha la|God of wealth.
dzam bha la|One of the gods of wealth.
dzam bha la|A yakṣa king associated with the attainment of wealth.
dzam bu chu bo|Legendary river carrying the remains of the golden fruit of a legendary jambu (rose apple) tree.
dzam bu gling|The continent to the south of Mount Sumeru, according to Abhidharma cosmology, which is the continent (dvīpa) on which we live.
dzam bu gling|The name of the southern continent in Buddhist cosmology, signifying either the known human world, or sometimes more specifically the Indian subcontinent. The name comes from the jambu (“rose apple” or “black plum”) tree said to grow near Lake Anavatapta in the continent’s northern mountains, considered to be the source of the four great rivers of India.
dzam bu'i gling|The southern continent of the human realm according to Buddhist cosmology.
dzam bu'i gling|The southernmost continent of the four continents, the “Rose Apple Continent” inhabited by human beings. Our current world system.
dzam bu'i gling|According to Buddhist cosmology, this is the southern continent of our world system and the one on which we live. It may also refer specifically to the Indian subcontinent.
dze ta'i rgyal mtshan|An alternative name for Jetavana Park in Śrāvastī, the capital of Kosala, which had been owned by Prince Jeta. Anāthapiṇḍada bought it from him at a high price in order to offer it to the Buddha as a place to house the monks during the monsoon period, thus creating the first Buddhist monastery.
dze ta'i tshal|A grove owned by Prince Jeta in Śrāvastī, the capital of the kingdom of Kośala (presently an area within Uttar Pradesh). It was bought by Anāthapiṇḍada and became the monastery that the Buddha spent most rainy seasons in, and is therefore the setting for many sūtras.
dze ta'i tshal|A park in Śrāvastī, the capital of Kosala, which had been owned by Prince Jeta. Anāthapiṇḍada bought it from him at a high price in order to offer it to the Buddha as a place to house the monks during the monsoon period, thus creating the first Buddhist monastery. Also known as Jetadhvaja. Other sūtras translate as {rgyal bu rgyal byed kyi tshal}.
dze ta|A short form of Jetavana, a park in Śrāvastī, the capital of Kosala, which had been owned by Prince Jeta. Anāthapiṇḍada bought it from him at a high price in order to offer it to the Buddha as a place to house the monks during the monsoon period, thus creating the first Buddhist monastery.
dzem bu|Syzygium cumini.
dzi na mi tra|Co-translator and editor of the Tibetan text of the Uṣṇīṣavijayā Dhāraṇī. His name means “Spiritual Guide (mitra) of the Conquerors (jina).”
dzi na mi tra|A Kashmiri scholar-monk who worked on many translations at Samyé, Tibet, upon the invitation of the Tibetan king Tri Ralpachen (ca. 806–38).
dzi na mi tra|An Indian preceptor from Kashmir who was resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries. He was a frequent collaborator of Yeshé Dé.
dzi na mi tra|A Kashmiri preceptor who was resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries. He worked with several Tibetan translators on the translation of various sūtras. He is also the author of the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4233.html , which is contained in the Tengyur ({bstan 'gyur}) collection.
dzi na mi tra|An Indian Kashmiri paṇḍita who was resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries. He worked with several Tibetan translators on the translation of several sūtras. He is also the author of the Nyāya bindu piṇḍārtha (Toh 4233)https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4233.html, which is contained in the Tibetan Tengyur ({bstan 'gyur}) collection.
dzi na mi tra|Jinamitra was invited to Tibet during the reign of King Trisong Detsen ({khri srong lde btsan}, r. 742–98 ce) and was involved with the translation of nearly two hundred texts, continuing into the reign of King Ralpachen ({ral pa can}, r. 815–38 ce). He was one of the small group of paṇḍitas responsible for the Mahāvyutpatti Sanskrit–Tibetan dictionary. He is also the author of the Nyāyabindupiṇḍārtha (http://read.84000.co/translation/toh4233.html), which is contained in the Tengyur ({bstan 'gyur}).
e la ma|One of the great piśācīs.
e la'i 'dab ma|One of the nāga kings.
e la'i 'dab ma|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
e la'i 'dab ma|A nāga king who in the lifetime of the previous buddha had cut down a tree and had therefore been reborn as a nāga. Residing in Taxila, he is said to have miraculously extended himself to where the Buddha was present. This tale is found represented in ancient sculpture.
e la'i 'dab|A nāga king
e la'i gdong|A nāga king. The Tibetan {e la'i gdong} seems to reflect elamukha rather than the attested elavarṇa.
e la'i rA ba Na|A nāga king.
e ne ya|Antilope cervicapra, also known as the Indian antelope. The male is called eṇa and the female eṇī. Aiṇeya therefore means “an attribute of the female black antelope.”
e ni|Name of a nāga lady from a previous eon.
gA dA hA ya hi|Unidentified.
ga bin|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight great śrāvakas.
ga bur|Cinnamomum camphora.
ga gon|A merchant who met the Buddha.
ga ra ka|Dalbergia lanceolaria.
ga sha|A city near Sarnath, where the Buddha gave his first sermon; this name can be applied also to the surrounding country or district. The name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “Kāśī.”
ga yA 'od srung|A disciple of the Buddha.
ga yA 'od srung|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
ga yA 'od srung|The brother of Nadīkāśyapa and Uru vilvā kāśyapa. A practitioner of fire offering at Uruvilvā (Bodhgaya), he and his two hundred pupils were converted to becoming bhikṣus of the Buddha. He and his brothers and their pupils were the third group to become followers of the Buddha after his enlightenment.
ga yA mgo'i ri|A mountain near the city of Gayā.
ga yA mgo'i ri|A sacred hill immediately to the south of the city of Gayā. Its name means “Gayā head,” and may derive from pre-Buddhist legends of a buried, reclining giant—in one version, a demon king called Gayāsura who was immoblised by Viṣṇu, and in another a saintly prince called Gaya; this hill marks the position of his head, with other features of the landscape in the region associated with other parts of his body.
ga yA mgo|A mountain.
ga yA mgo|Site of a stūpa where the Buddha instructed the thousand monks from Uruvilvā by displaying three miracles, thereby freeing them from the wilds of saṃsāra and establishing them in the utterly final state of perfection and the unsurpassably blissful state of nirvāṇa.
ga yA'i ri|A sacred hill immediately to the south of the city of Gayā. Its name means “Gayā Head,” and may derive from pre-Buddhist legends of a buried, reclining giant—in one version, a demon king called Gayāsura who was immobilized by Viṣṇu, and in another a saintly prince called Gaya; this hill marks the position of his head, with other features of the landscape in the region associated with other parts of his body.
ga yA|The name of the town that lies close to the site of the Buddha’s enlightenment.
ga ya 'od srung chen po|Alternate name of Gayākāśyapa, the brother of Nadīkāśyapa and Uruvilvākāśyapa. A practitioner of fire offering at Uruvilvā (Bodhgaya), he and his two hundred pupils were converted to becoming bhikṣus (monks) under the Buddha. He and his brothers and their pupils were the third group to become followers of the Buddha Śākyamuni after his awakening.
ga ya 'od srung|Close Śravaka disciple of the Buddha.
ga ya 'od srung|The brother of Nadīkāśyapa and Uruvilvākāśyapa. A practitioner of fire offering at Uruvilvā (Bodhgaya), he and his two hundred pupils were converted to the Dharma, becoming bhikṣus (monks) under the Buddha. He and his brothers and their pupils were the third group to become followers of the Buddha Śākyamuni after his awakening. Also known as Mahāgayākāśyapa.
ga ya dha ra|Indian (possibly Bengali) paṇḍita (994–1043) who visited Tibet three times; teacher of Drokmi Śākya Yeshé; a complex personality and a key figure in the transmission to Tibet of the Hevajra materials later incorporated in the Lamdré (Tib. {lam 'bras}) tradition.
ga ya|An ancient city in North India, located in the modern state of Bihar.
ga ya|City in Magadha, now in the Indian state of Bihar, on the left bank of the River Nairañjanā (parts of which are now called the Lilaja and Phalgu), a tributary of the Ganges.
ga ya|One of the sacred towns of ancient India, south of the Ganges in present-day Bihar. In the Buddha’s lifetime, this was in the kingdom of Magadha. Uruvilvā, the area including Bodhgaya where the Buddha attained enlightenment, is nearby to the south, upriver from Gayā.
gaN DI|A wooden gong used to summon monks.
gaN DI|An elongated, shoulder-held wooden bar (or beam) struck with a wooden stick to call the monastic community to assembly.
gam bhi ra dza lang|A lake in Godānīya.
gan dha ra|Name of a region in present-day eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.
gan ga|The river Ganges in India.
gang ba bzang po|A yakṣa.
gang ba bzang po|God of wealth.
gang ba bzang po|One of the yakṣa kings.
gang ba bzang po|Name of a yakṣa general.
gang ba bzang po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
gang ba bzang|One of the yakṣa kings.
gang ba bzang|A brahmin devotee of Buddhism.
gang ba|One of the yakṣa kings.
gang ba|Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
gang ba|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the distinguished brahmins of Mathurā.
gang ba|(1) A disciple of the Buddha from Sūrpāraka ({gang po}). (2) A disciple of the Buddha from Kuṇḍopadhāna ({gang po}). (3) A haṃsa ({gang ba}). (4) A buddha in the past ({rdzogs ldan}).
gang chen mtsho|One of the eight principal nāga kings. More commonly translated in other sūtras as {rgya mtsho}.
gang gA dri ma med par 'jug pa|An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gang gA skyong|A rich man who was Upālin in a former life.
gang gA'i bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gang gA'i chu sprin|A tathāgata.
gang gA'i klung|The Ganges River in India.
gang gA'i klung|The sacred river of North India.
gang gA'i klung|The major river in North India and, according to Buddhist cosmology, one of the four sacred rivers that flow through the southernmost continent of Jambudvīpa.
gang gA'i lha mo|The name of a nun who commits to the practice of the six perfections and worships the Buddha with golden-colored flowers. The Buddha predicts her future awakening as the buddha Suvarṇapuṣpa, during the eon called Tārakopama.
gang gA'i mchog|Mother of the buddha Vairocana.
gang gA'i steng du rgyu|A forest in Dwelling on Summits.
gang gAs byin|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gang gA|The river Ganges in India.
gang gA|The river Gaṅgā (personified).
gang gA|The sacred river of North India.
gang gA|Generally considered the most sacred river in India.
gang gA|One of the three branches of the river Gaṅgā in its early course.
gang gA|The most important holy river in India, more commonly known in English as the Ganges.
gang ga ma|The Brahmanical goddess identified with the Ganges River.
gang ga tas bskor ba'i rdzing bu'i 'gram|The Gaggarā lotus pond was excavated by Queen Gaggarā of Campā, the capital of Aṅga, and the groves of flowering trees along its banks became a popular location for wandering teachers and ascetics to take up residence. The Pāli dictionary of proper names notes that the Buddha took up residence on the banks of the Gaggarā pond several times, and a number of discourses in the Pāli nikāya tradition were taught in this location. Pāli: gaggarāpokkharanī; Chinese: 伽伽靈池.
gang ga|The river Ganges.
gang ga|The sacred river of North India.
gang ka ra|A city in Godānīya.
gang pa bzang po|Name of a yakṣa general; brother of Maṇibhadra in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559).https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
gang po ngan|Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
gang po re skong|A buddha in the past.
gang po|A wealthy householder in Rājagṛha whom the Buddha prophesied would become the future Buddha Pūrṇa.
gang po|One of the first to join the Buddha’s renunciate order. He followed his friend Yaśas into the Buddhist order.
gang po|(1) A disciple of the Buddha from Sūrpāraka ({gang po}). (2) A disciple of the Buddha from Kuṇḍopadhāna ({gang po}). (3) A haṃsa ({gang ba}). (4) A buddha in the past ({rdzogs ldan}).
gang po|Śrāvaka disciple of the Buddha noted for his ability as a preacher of the Hinayāna teaching, especially skillful in the conversion and training of young monks; also known as Pūrṇa maitrāyaṇī putra. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-934 .
gang po|At least five different disciples of the Buddha in the canonical texts have this name, but the Pūrṇa in this text is likely to be the eminent disciple of the Buddha from Kapilavastu, nephew of Ājñātakauṇḍinya who ordained him, and described as the foremost disciple in explaining the doctrine.
gang po|A monk and disciple of the Buddha. At least six different disciples in the canonical texts have this name (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-2361 ), but the Pūrṇa in this text is likely to be the same Pūrṇa as in The Deeds of Pūrṇa (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-2356 ).
gang zag brgyad pa|A person who is eight steps away in the arc of their development from becoming an arhat (Tib. {dgra bcom pa}). Specifically, this term refers to one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream-enterer (Skt. srotaāpanna; Tib. {rgyun du zhugs pa}) and is the first and lowest stage in a list of eight stages or classes of a noble person (Skt. āryapudgala). The person at this lowest stage in the sequence is still on the path of seeing (Skt. darśanamārga; Tib. {mthong lam}), and then enters the path of cultivation (Skt. bhāvanāmārga; Tib. {sgoms lam}) upon attaining the next stage, that of a stream-enterer (stage seven). From there they progress through the remaining stages of the śrāvaka path, becoming in turn a once-returner (stages six and five), a non-returner (stages four and three), and an arhat (stages two and one). This same “eighth stage” also appears in set of ten stages (Skt. daśabhūmi; Tib. {sa bcu}) found in Mahāyāna sources, where it is the third step out of the ten. Not to be confused with the ten stages of the bodhisattva’s path, these ten stages mark the progress of one who sequentially follows the paths of a śrāvaka, pratyekabuddha, and then bodhisattva on their way to complete buddhahood. In this set of ten stages, a person “on the eighth stage” is similarly one who is on the cusp of becoming a stream-enterer.
gang zag la bdag med par phyogs gcig shes pa|Selflessness in this context‌ implies the lack of inherent existence in personal identity and also in physical and mental phenomena. Śrāvakas are said to expound the doctrine of selflessness only in terms of the absence of personal identity, while pratyekabuddhas additionally realize the emptiness of external phenomena, composed of atomic particles. However, unlike bodhisattvas they do not realize that the internal phenomena of consciousness too are without inherent existence.
gang zag mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Surabhigandha.
gang zag tu lta ba|The view that there is a discrete and enduring identity or individuality to sentient beings.
gang zag zung bzhi|The fourfold division of “noble” (i.e., realized) beings: stream enterer (srotaāpanna), once-returner (sakṛdāgāmin), non-returner (anāgāmin), and worthy one (arhat). They are “pairs” because in each of the four categories one first enters the path of that stage, and subsequently attains its fruit.
gang zag|Also translated as “individual” or “personal identity.”
gang zag|This term refers to anything with sentience. In this text, the concern is with human persons and, more specifically, male monastics.
gangs can|The Himalayan mountain range.
gangs can|Mountains in the north of Jambudvīpa.
gangs chen mtsho'i lha|Monarch of the city of Campā before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
gangs kyi ri bo|The Himalayas.
gangs kyi ri|Synonymous with Himagiri. This “mountain” is actually the entire Himalayan range.
gangs la gnas|Name of a yakṣa general in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
gangs mtho ba|A nāga king.
gangs ri|A mountain.
gangs ri|The Himalaya mountain range.
gangs ri|“Snowy mountain,” the name of a mountain range and the god who personifies it.
gangs yod pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
gangs|An alternative name for the Himalayas.
gar byed ma|A yakṣiṇī invoked in magical rites.
gar byed ma|One of the eight great bhūtinīs; also one of the eight great yakṣiṇīs.
gar byed|One of the grahas.
gar dbang phyug|A deity representing the element of wind.
gar dbang phyug|A deity personifying the true nature of the element of wind.
gar gA|A famous Puranic rishi of India, who features particularly in the Vaishnavite literature.
gar ga|An alternate spelling of Bharga, a country during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni that had its capital at Mount Śiśumāri.
gar ge|One of the ancient sages.
gar gyi cha byad dgu|The nine dramatic moods, contained in the sixty-four crafts, comprise those of (1) grace (śṛṅgāra, {sgeg pa}); (2) heroism (vīra, {dpa' ba}); (3) ugliness (bībhatsa, {mi sdug pa}); (4) ferocity (raudra, {drag shul}); (5) joviality (hāsya, {bzhad gad}); (6) fearsomeness (bhayānaka, {'jigs rung}); (7) compassion (karuṇā, {snying rje}); (8) awesomeness (adbhūta, {rngam pa}); and (9) peace (śānta, {zhi ba}).\nOn all these and related matters, see Jamgon Kongtrul TOK Book 6, Pt.1: 311–315.
gar gyi dbang phyug|‟Lord of Dance,” most often the dancing form of Avalokiteśvara; in the Bhūta ḍāmara Tantra, he is a dancing form of Śiva.
gar mkhan dpa' bo|A monastery in Mathurā predicted by the Buddha to be built a hundred years after his nirvāṇa.
gar mkhan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
gar mkhan mchog|One of the sons of Kubera.
gar mkhan|A certain nāga king and the hermitage that bears his name.
gar mkhan|One of the two brothers in Mathurā who were predicted by the Buddha to build a monastery in the future.
gar|The wild dance of wrathful male deities associated with the charnel ground.
gau TA|A part of Bengal bordering Orissa, also the name of the dynasty that ruled there.
gau rgyud mangs|A type of vīṇā.
gau ta ma nag po|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
gau ta ma'i sras|“Gautama” refers to Siddhārtha Gautama, the name of the historical Buddha. “A child of Gautama” denotes one of his followers.
gau ta ma|Refers to Siddhārtha Gautama, the name of the historical Buddha.
gau ta ma|A past life of the buddha Candrārka (252 according to the third enumeration).
gau ta ma|One of the names of the Buddha, especially during his earlier life as an ascetic.
gau ta ma|The family name of the Buddha Śākyamuni, it is often used by those who are not his followers.
gau ta ma|Siddhārtha Gautama is the most common given name used for Buddha Śākyamuni prior to his enlightnement.
gau ta ma|One of the seven great rishis of ancient India. Author of some of the vedas. His Dharmasūtra specified renunciation as yellow robes, shaved head, and being called a bhikṣu. Buddha Śākyamuni was his descendant.
gau ta mi|The 850th buddha in the first list, 849th in the second list, and 839th in the third list.
gau tam nag po|A nāga king.
gau tama|The name of the clan of the buddha Pradīpa (963 according to the third enumeration).
gcad du med pa|Lit. “impossible to be cut.”
gcan gzan|Demon causing disease; disease personified.
gcer bu gnyen gyi bu|One of the six outsider teachers.
gcer bu pa 'od srung dang rus gcig pa|The son of a poor brahmin farmer who lived outside of Rājagṛha, he mistook Nirgrantha Jñātiputra for Buddha Śākyamuni and became Nirgrantha Jñātiputra’s student. He then took refuge in the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha shortly before his death. Also called “Nirgrantha Kāśyapa,” or simply “Kāśyapa,” his given name.
gcer bu pa gnyen gyi bu|One of the six teachers at the time of the Buddha.
gcer bu pa gnyen gyi bu|One of the six philosophical extremists who lived during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
gcer bu pa gnyen gyi bu|A group of ascetics common in the Buddha’s time, widely believed to refer to the early Jain community.
gcer bu pa nye du'u bu|Also known as the Mahāvīra, the founder of the Jaina sect.
gcer bu pa|Followers of the teacher Nirgrantha Jñātiputra, a contemporary of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Usually understood to refer to Jains.
gcer bu pa|A type of non-Buddhist religious mendicant who eschews clothing and possessions. Often considered another name for the early Jain tradition.
gcer bu pa|In Buddhist literature this term often refers to followers of the Jain religion, but it can also refer to members of any other “naked ascetic” order.
gcer bu pa|The Tibetan means “naked one,” and the Sanskrit “without possessions” or “without ties.” In Buddhist usage, a non-Buddhist religious mendicant who eschews clothing and possessions, often referring to Jains.
gcer bu pa|The Sanskrit term means “without possessions” or “without ties” and the Tibetan means “naked one(s).” In Buddhist usage, it refers to non-Buddhist religious mendicants, especially Jains, who eschew clothing and possessions.
gcer bu pa|In Buddhist texts, a term often used to refer to the community around the Jain teacher Jñātiputra, but can refer to the Jain tradition generally. Their practices, as presented in Buddhist literature, focused on intense asceticism as a means to mitigate the consequences of past actions and on nonaction as a means to prevent future ramifications.
gcer bu|This seems to be the name of an island, but is rather dubious.
gcer pu pa|In Buddhist usage, a non-Buddhist religious mendicant, usually referring to Jains, who eschews clothing and possessions.
gces min gyis byin|A householder.
gces pa gtong ba|A goldsmith, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 49.
gcig pa|A buddha realm.
gcig pu ba|A mountain in Jambudvīpa.
gcig tu 'phags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gcig tu bde ba|A buddha realm.
gcig tu dga' ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
gcig tu nges pa|Mahāvyutpatti 7587.
gcig tu snang ba'i mar me|A bodhisattva.
gcig tu yid du 'ong|Birthplace of the buddha Madhuvaktra.
gcod byed|A class of nonhuman beings, sometimes called hungry ghosts. One of the six classes of beings.
gcod mdzad|The 538th buddha in the first list, 538th in the second list, and 531st in the third list.
gdangs can|A householder in Kauśāmbī who provided a garden for the Buddha and his monks to reside.
gdangs las rig gi kun dga' ra ba|A garden in Kauśāmbī that the householder Ghoṣila donated to the Buddhist saṅgha. This Tibetan rendering of Ghoṣilārāma only appears in The Hundred Deeds, and the precise correlation between the Tib. {las rig} and the standard Sanskrit for this location remains unclear.
gdangs las rig|A householder in Kauśāmbī who provided a garden for the Buddha and his monks to reside.
gdangs mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Viśiṣṭa svarāṅga.
gdangs mchog|Attendant of the buddha Adīnaghoṣa.
gdangs mtho ma|Mother of the buddha Somacchattra.
gdangs po che|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Āśādatta.
gdangs snyan ma|Mother of the buddha Ghoṣadatta.
gdangs snyan pa|Mother of the buddha Dundubhi megha svara.
gdangs snyan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitasvara.
gdangs snyan pa|The 752nd buddha in the first list, 751st in the second list, and 741st in the third list.
gdangs snyan|Attendant of the buddha Aridama.
gdangs snyan|Mother of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
gdangs snyan|A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gdengs ka can|A leading nāga.
gdengs ka chen|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gdengs ka dang ldan pa|The capital city of one of the subterranean paradises inhabited by nāgas.
gdol ba mo|An outcaste woman; one of the female deities in the retinue of Hevajra; the mystic heat below the navel, personified as a goddess; one of the five ḍākinīs visualized on the prongs of the vajra scepter.
gdol ba|The lowest of the untouchables in the Indian caste system.
gdol ma|A member of the lowest social classes in ancient Indian caste society.
gdol pa yid 'ong|The name of a past sage who was one of the Buddha’s previous incarnations.
gdol pa|Also rendered here as “outcast.”
gdol pa|The lowest of the untouchables in the social system of ancient India.
gdol pa|An outcaste or a member of the lowest (and despised) castes in Indian society.
gdol pa|One of the lower social classes that are outside, and beneath, the four castes.
gdol pa|The lowest and most disparaged class of people within the caste system of ancient India, they fall outside of the caste system altogether due to their low rank in society.
gdon la 'jebs|The translation of this term remains tentative but is read here as a potential translation of the Sanskrit compound *grahaprācurya in which the Tibetan has employed an incorrect grammatical particle. An alternate translation that favors the meaning that the term {'jebs pa} bears in Tibetan and the Tibetan reading of the compound indicates that this could be either a collective noun or a proper name that translates as “Pleasing to the Grahas.”
gdon mi za ba'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitayaśas.
gdon mi za ba'i mchog|A son of King Sarvārthasiddha.
gdon mi za ba'i spyod pa|A thus-gone one of the past.
gdong drag mo|‟One with the Terrible Face,” one of the eight demonesses who inhabit the eight great charnel grounds.
gdong drug ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
gdong gnag|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
gdon|A class of demonic, possessing beings.
gdon|An evil spirit that causes seizures and insanity.
gdon|A planet (personified); a class of spirits responsible for epilepsy and seizures.
gdon|A type of evil spirit known to exert a harmful influence on the human body and mind. Grahas are closely associated with the planets and other astronomical bodies.
gdon|A class of nonhuman beings able to enter and possess the human body; a class of beings, such as Rāhu, that cause solar and lunar eclipses; a planet (this category includes the sun and the moon but excludes the earth); a planet or planetary influence personified.
gdon|A class of nonhuman beings able to enter and possess the human body. They are often explicitly associated with astrological forces, have a harmful effect on physical and mental health, and are specifically said to cause seizures and insanity. Often this term is used to broadly refer to multiple classes of beings that can affect a person’s physical and mental health.
gdu bu can|A village or town. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2037 .
gdu bu|Seventy-third of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
gdu bu|The first wife of a certain householder of great means who lived before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
gdug pa can|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
gdugs dam pa'i dpal|A buddha of the northwest.
gdugs dkar po|A buddha realm.
gdugs dkar|Another name of the river Ganges.
gdugs gcig pa|A buddha realm.
gdugs gcig pa|A great bodhisattva.
gdugs gcig pa|Lit. “With a Single Umbrella.” A buddha in a world system called Vaśībhūtā, in the intermediate northwest direction.
gdugs gcig|{gdugs gcig} is an archaic word for “day.”
gdugs kyi khebs pa|A buddha realm.
gdugs lta bu|A mango grove.
gdugs mdzes|The 158th buddha in the first list, 157th in the second list, and 157th in the third list.
gdugs mngon par 'phags pa|A buddha.
gdugs sde|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Abhyudgataśrī (159 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gdugs|First of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. In general Indian iconography it is a symbol of protection and royalty. In Buddhism it symbolizes protection from blazing heat of afflictions, desire, illness, and harmful forces, just as a physical parasol protects one from the blazing sun or the elements. It is also included in the eight auspicious emblems.
gdul bar dka' ba|Birthplace of the buddha Atibala.
gdul bar dka' ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gdul bar dka'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nārāyaṇa (99 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gdul dka' ma|One of the great piśācīs.
gdul dka'|Father of the buddha Asaṅgamati.
gdul dka'|Birthplace of the buddha Anihata.
gdul dka'|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Highly Renowned.
gdul dka'|The 38th buddha in the first list, 38th in the second list, and 39th in the third list.
gdul dka'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
gdung ba bzang po|One of the kings of the piśācas.
gdung ba lnga|Literally meaning “five heats” or “fivefold ascetic practice,” within Brahamanical sources this term refers to the ascetic practice of sitting at the center of four fires during the hot season in India, with the sun above equaling five.
gdung ba|The sixth of the hot hells. In later Tibetan translations it is “hot” ({tsha ba}).
gdungs|A river.
gel po|Child of householders in Śrāvasti, he was born “corpulent, full-fledged in skin, flesh, and blood.” He leapt from a boulder at the sight of the Buddha but was unharmed due to the Buddha’s blessing. Having then heard the Dharma from the Buddha, he went forth and manifested arhatship.
ghan dha ka|Hyperanthera moringa.
gho Sha|Luffa aegyptiaca.
gi mi la|Attendant of the buddha Deśāmūḍha.
gi'u wang|A dye or paint prepared from the gall stones of cattle.
gi'u wang|A yellowish, fragrant substance obtained from the solidified bile of elephants and cattle.
gla sgang can|One of the grahas.
gla skang|Cyperus rotundus.
glags|(in the expressions ava tāra na labhate, {glags mi rnyed}, “no opportunity for … to impinge upon …”).
glang chen dbang po|Father of the buddha Siṃhadaṃṣṭra.
glang chen pi pi ling|Scindapsis officinalis.
glang chen seng ge|The 359th buddha in the first list, 358th in the second list, and 353rd in the third list.
glang chen sna|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glang chen snying|In Rājagṛha, a certain elephant trainer for King Bimbisāra. His son was Citra Mounted on an Elephant.
glang chen spos kyi bal glang|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glang chen spos kyi glang po|A bodhisattva.
glang chen stobs|A yakṣa. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2415 .
glang dmar ma|One of the great piśācīs.
glang po bsgyings|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vigatamala.
glang po che'i dbang po'i stabs su gshegs pa|Forty-third of the eighty minor marks.
glang po che'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
glang po che'i gdong can|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glang po che'i grong rdal|A city.
glang po che'i lag|A monk. Interlocutor of the Buddha in the Questions of Pūrṇa sūtra.
glang po che'i lta stangs|Attendant of the buddha Campaka.
glang po che'i lta stangs|When a buddha turns to look at someone or something, like an elephant he turns his whole body, not just his head.
glang po che'i rna ba can|A kumbhāṇḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glang po che'i thal gong|A son of King Ikṣuvāku.
glang po che|One of the rāśis.
glang po che|Ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
glang po rin po che|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyahastin.
glang po rin po che|One of the seven treasures of the cakravartin king. The precious elephant is described as having magical abilities and sometimes as having six tusks. A passage about the precious elephant is found in Toh 95, The Play in Full, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-98. See also Toh 4087, the Kāraṇa prajñapti, folio 119.b.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4087.html
glang po skyong|A teacher.
glang po zad|A nāga king.
glang po'i 'gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amitalocana.
glang po'i 'gros|The 290th buddha in the first list, 289th in the second list, and 289th in the third list.
glang po'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Kṣemottamarāja.
glang po'i gdong|A virtuous nāga king.
glang po'i khyim gyi grong khyer|A city.
glang po'i lta stangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gandhahastin.
glang po'i mthu rtsal|Father of the buddha Praśāntagātra.
glang po'i shing rta|A class of vidyādharas.
glang po'i spos|One of the celestial bodhisattvas.
glang po'i stabs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vratanidhi.
glang po'i stabs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthitārtha buddhi (639 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
glang po'i stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vaidya.
glang pos mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa.
glang po|Son of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
glang po|Ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
glang po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
glang rdzi|Identified as Goparāja, early sixth century, of the imperial Gupta dynasty.
glang rna|One of the eight yakṣa generals.
glang|Taurus (zodiac sign and constellation).
glegs bu|Monks’ robes are to be sewn into large sections from small patches of cloth rather than bolts of cloth.
gleng ba po la dga' ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Asaṅgamati.
gleng ba'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suraśmi.
gleng gzhi brjod pa'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
gleng gzhi'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
gleng gzhi'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
gleng gzhi'i sde|Literally, “foundation of the narrative.” One of the twelve aspects of the wheel of Dharma.
gleng gzhi|Introductory part of a sūtra .
gleng gzhi|Literally, “foundation of the narrative.” One of the twelve aspects of the wheel of Dharma.
gleng gzhi|The introductory section of a sūtra or other Buddhist scripture that establishes the time and setting of the discourse.
gleng gzhi|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means the introductions to teachings.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
gleng gzhi|The introductory sections of a sūtra. Literally it can mean “cause.” One of the nine aspects of the Dharma according to this sūtra. More commonly there are said to be twelve that include these nine.
gling 'gro|Attendant of the buddha Nāganandin.
gling begs bur chad pa|An island in or near the kingdom of Kaliṅga. “Begburchepa” is a phonetic rendering of the Tibetan, which has no known Skt. equivalent and is unclear in meaning.
gling bu can|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gling bu ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
gling bzhi pa'i 'jig rten gyi khams|A world system formed by four great island continents. In this world system, a central mountain, Sumeru, is surrounded in the four cardinal directions by Jambudvīpa (our world) in the south, Godānīya in the west, Uttarakuru in the north, and Pūrvavideha in the east.
gling bzhi pa|The four continents surrounding Mount Meru that make up a world system.
gling bzhi po'i 'jig rten gyi khams|Refers to any world or group of worlds illumined by one sun and moon, its own Mount Meru, continents, desire, form, and formless realms, etc. Also rendered here as world realm.
gling bzhi|The four continents surrounding Mount Meru that make up a world system.
gling bzhi|According to traditional Indian cosmology, our own Sahā world system is said to comprise four continents, namely, Pūrvavideha in the east, Jambudvīpa in the south, Aparagodānīya in the west, and Uttarakuru in the north.
gling bzhi|According to traditional Indian cosmology, our human world of “patient endurance” (sahālokadhātu, {mi mjed 'jig rten gyi khams}) is said to comprise four continents, namely, Pūrva videha in the east, Jambu dvīpa in the south, Apara godānīya in the west, and Uttarakuru in the north. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1116 .
gling bzhi|According to Abhidharma cosmology, each world system has four continents surrounding a central Mount Meru: to the east, Videha ({lus 'phags po}, “superior body”); to the south, our continent of Jambudvīpa ({'dzam bu gling}, “Rose Apple Continent”); to the west, Apara godānīya ({ba glang spyod} “Rich in Cattle”); and to the north, Uttarakuru ({sgra mi snyan}, “Unpleasant Sound”).
gling ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Pradyota.
glo bur|Also rendered in this translation as “externally added.”
glog 'bar|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glog 'byin|The 341st buddha in the first list, 340th in the second list, and 335th in the third list.
glog 'gyu|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhadatta.
glog 'khyug par byed pa|A class of vidyādharas.
glog 'od chen po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glog 'od gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣprabha.
glog 'od ma|Mother of the buddha Sañjayin.
glog 'od tog gi rgyal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Flash of Lightning. Likely an alternate name for the thus-gone one King of the Tip of the Lamp of Lightning.
glog 'od|Son of the buddha Sujāta.
glog 'od|Father of the buddha Rāhu.
glog 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Candrodgata.
glog 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amitābha.
glog byin ma|Mother of the buddha Oṣadhi.
glog chen sgron ma|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
glog dang ldan|Attendant of the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa.
glog gi 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhāsthita kalpa (415 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
glog gi 'od|A buddha from the past.
glog gi 'od|Son of the buddha Tiṣya.
glog gi 'od|Lit. “lightning flash.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
glog gi 'od|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one King of the Tip of the Lamp of Lightning.
glog gi 'od|The 128th buddha in the first list, 128th in the second list, and 129th in the third list.
glog gi 'od|“Light of Lightning.” Name of the universe where, according to the Buddha Śākyamuni’s prophecy, the girl Vimalaśraddhā will finally reach full enlightenment under the name of the Thus-Gone One Raśmivyūha.
glog gi blo gros|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
glog gi blo gros|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
glog gi byin pa|A king in a kalpa in the distant past.
glog gi lha zhes|A bodhisatva great being.
glog gi na bun tshal|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
glog gi phreng ba|A sea to the north of Jambudvīpa.
glog gi phreng ba|A nāga who visits Saṅkāśa Mountain.
glog gi phreng|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glog gi sgron ma tog gi rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Flash of Lightning.
glog gi sgron ma|Name of the fortieth meditative stability.
glog gi sgron ma|Lit. “lamp of lightning.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
glog gi tog|The 254th buddha in the first list, 253rd in the second list, and 253rd in the third list.
glog gis byin|Father of the buddha Dyutimat.
glog ldan|Son of the buddha Arthavādin.
glog lta bu'i ting nge 'dzin|Name of a meditative stabilization.
glog ltar 'jigs ma|‟One with Flashing Fangs,” one of the eight demonesses who inhabit the eight great charnel grounds.
glog ltas|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glog mchod ma|Mother of the buddha Vidyutketu.
glog mchog|Father of the buddha Meghasvara.
glog mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kusumaparvata.
glog pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
glog phreng can|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glog sbyin ma|Mother of the buddha Muktiskandha
glog sbyin|Son of the buddha Prabhākara.
glog sbyin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
glog snang bar byed pa shin tu 'phags pa'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Vaiḍūryagarbha.
glog snang ba|A thus-gone one who taught the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities to Vajrapāṇi.
glog snang|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one King of the Tip of the Lamp of Lightning.
glog sprin|A buddha.
glog zhi byed btsun|A preta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
glog|A bodhisattva.
glog|The wife of the son of the brahmin Agnidatta.
glu dbyangs kyi nges pa bdun|The seven harmonious tones of the musical scale, contained in the sixty-four crafts, are (1) the [peacock-like] sixth tone (ṣaḍja, {drug ldan}); (2) the [ox-like] sage tone (ṛṣabha, {drang srong}); (3) the [goat-like] third tone (gandhāra, {sa 'dzin}); (4) the [crane-like] middle tone (madhyama, {bar ma}); (5) the [cuckoo-like] fifth tone (pancama, {lnga pa}); (6) the [horse-like] clear tone (dhaivata, {blo gsal}); and (7) the [elephant-like] base tone (niṣāda, {'khor nyan}).\nOn all these and related matters, see Jamgon Kongtrul TOK Book 6, Pt.1: 311–315.
glu dbyangs len pa'i kun dga' ra ba|A grove in Garland of Splendor.
glu dbyangs sems pa|Attendant of the buddha Jñānakośa.
glu dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇottama.
glu dbyangs|The 959th buddha in the first list, 958th in the second list, and 949th in the third list.
glu snyan pa'i dbyangs|A palace in another world in the distant past.
glu'i sgra la shin tu dga' zhing mngon par chags pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
gna' mi|The Hundred Deeds appears to list him as one of the attendants of the queen in Śrāvastī during the time of the Buddha. Elsewhere he and his associate Datta are remembered as a ministers or attendants (sthapati) to King Prasenajit.
gnad dang gnad gcod pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
gnag lhas can|A country.
gnag lhas kyi bu|One of the six tīrthika teachers contemporaneous with Śākyamuni. Teacher and head of the Ājīvika sect.
gnag lhas skyes|A brahmin.
gnam lcags 'byin|Lightning; also lightning personified.
gnam mkha'i snying po|Tibetan translator (fl. late eighth–early ninth centuries).
gnam mo|Mother of the buddha Śaśiketu.
gnam po|Son of the buddha Maṇḍita.
gnas 'gog pa la mkhas pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
gnas 'jog sbrang rtsi can|A disciple of the Buddha.
gnas 'jog sel brtson|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gnas 'jog|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
gnas 'jog|One of the ancient sages, one of the composers of the Vedic hymns.
gnas 'jog|One of the seven great rishis of ancient India, said to have composed part of the Rigveda.
gnas 'jog|(1) A ṛṣi in the past. (2) The brother of Bharadvāja, a disciple of the Buddha Vipaśyin. (3) The family name of an old ascetic.
gnas 'jog|The word Vāsiṣṭha, lit. “the descendant of Vasiṣṭha (an ancient ṛṣi),” is used “in polite address to anyone without regard to ancestry” (BHSD q.v.).
gnas 'jog|The name of one of the great sages of ancient India; one of the composers of the Vedic hymns. In Pali sources, a figure named Vāseṭṭha (Skt. Vasiṣṭha) also appears as a young brahmin.
gnas 'phyag|Attendant of the buddha Anantavikrāmin.
gnas bcas|A country mentioned in the story of the physician Ātreya and the story of King Māndhātṛ.
gnas bcas|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
gnas bcu po|This term refers here to the ten divine qualities listed in the text: (1) divine lifespan, (2) divine complexion, (3) divine power, (4) divine happiness, (5) divine lordship, (6) divine form, (7) divine sound, (8) divine smell, (9) divine taste, and (10) divine touch. They can be divided into two groups of five, the latter five being the pleasures of the five senses ({'dod yon lnga}).
gnas brtan byis pa|A monk who has been ordained for at least ten years yet still cannot recite thePrātimokṣasūtraor its supplements and is thus not entitled to grant entry into the order, grant ordination, accept charge of novices, give refuge, or live independently.
gnas brtan gyi phug|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
gnas brtan gyi sde|One of the eighteen nikāya schools.
gnas brtan ma'i tshigs su bcad pa|A lost verse text possibly included in the Kṣudraka piṭaka of the Mūla sarvāstivādins.
gnas brtan|A senior student of the Buddha.
gnas brtan|A title used when addressing the most venerable bhikṣus.
gnas brtan|A monk of seniority within the assembly of the śrāvakas.
gnas brtan|A monk who possesses the qualities of stability and skill.
gnas brtan|Literally “one who is stable” and usually translated as “elder,” a senior monastic teacher in the early Buddhist communities. Also became the name of the Buddhist tradition within which the Theravāda developed.
gnas brtan|The term is used to designate a senior monk. The sixteen great arhats, or sixteen noble elders (āryasthavira), were the successors of the Buddha’s teaching after he passed. They promised to preserve the teaching until the coming of the future Buddha Maitreya. They are on the path of seeing of the arhat path. Each arhat lived in a specific place: (1) Aṅgaja on Mt. Kailash; (2) Ajita in the Crystal Wood of Sages; (3) Vanavāsin on Mt. Saptaparṇa; (4) Mahākālika in Tāmradvīpa; (5) Vajrīputra in Siṃhaladvīpa; (6) Śrībhadra on Yamunādvīpa; (7) Kanakavatsa in Kashmir; (8) Kanakabharadvāja in the Western continent of Godānīya; (9) Bakula in the northern continent of Uttarakuru; (10) Rāhula in Priyaṅgudvīpa; (11) Cūḍapanthaka on Mt. Gṛdhrakūṭa; (12) Piṇḍolabharadvāja in the eastern continent of Pūrvavideha; (13) Mahāpanthaka in Trayatriṃśa; (14) Nāgasena on Mt. Meru; (15) Gopaka on Mt. Bhihula; (16) Abhedya in the Himālayas.
gnas bzang po|Third level of the asuras.
gnas bzhi|In getting ordained, a monk pledges to make do with a restricted set of supports that conduce to the holu life. These fall into four categories: clothing, shelter, food, and medicine.
gnas can|A goddess.
gnas chen thob|One of the two principal bodhisattvas in Sukhāvatī, and prominent in Chinese Buddhism. In Tibetan Buddhism, he is identified with Vajrapāṇī, though they are separate bodhisattvas in the sūtras.
gnas dag|Attendant of the buddha Praśāntagātra.
gnas dang bcas pa'i dpal|The hundred-and-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS in verse: Parārtha savihāra śirī.
gnas dang bral ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gnas dang gnas ma yin pa spong ba|Father of the buddha Sthitagandha.
gnas dang ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
gnas dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Meghasvara.
gnas gcig gnas pa|To experience the same type of conditions.
gnas gsum|Body, speech, and mind.
gnas gtsang ma'i ris kyi lha|The gods who live in Śuddhāvāsa heavens, the five “pure abodes” that form the highest realms that constitute the realm of subtle form (rūpadhātu) and which comprise the fourth of the meditative concentrations (dhyāna).
gnas gtsang ma'i ris|Five realms above the four form realms into which only noble beings are born.
gnas gtsang ma'i ris|Realms associated the fourth concentration into which only noble beings are born.
gnas gtsang ma'i ris|The abodes inhabited by anāgāmins (“non-returners”) who are on the path to arhathood.
gnas gtsang ma'i ris|The five highest levels of the realm of form, which are above the realm of desire, in which our world is situated.
gnas gtsang ma'i ris|Pure abode, said of a heaven, or five heavens, in which dwell the gods so called. The pure abodes among the form realms, where only non-returners are reborn.
gnas gtsang ma'i ris|These realms and abodes denote the hierarchy of the gods who, in the manner of human beings and antigods, partake of the higher realms (svarga, {mtho ris}) of rebirth, but nonetheless remain trapped within cyclic existence. The gods altogether comprise (i) six god realms within the world system of desire, commencing with Catur mahā rāja kāyika and Trayas triṃśa, and concluding with Yāma, Tuṣita, Nirmāṇa rata, and Para nirmita vaśa vartin; (ii) the twelve Brahmā realms, extending from Brahmakāyika through Brahmapurohita, Mahā brahmā, Parī ttābha, A pramāṇābha, Ābhāsvara, Parītta śubha, A pramāṇa śubha, Śubha kṛtsna, An abhraka, and Puṇya prasava to Bṛhat phala, which are attained corresponding to lesser, middling, and higher degrees of the four meditative concentrations; and (iii) the five Pure Abodes at the pinnacle of the world system of form, extending from Avṛha, through Atapa, Su dṛśa, and Sudarśana to Akaniṣṭha. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1427 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1582 . This hierarchy is conveniently illustrated in the form of a chart. See, for example, Dudjom Rinpoche (1991): 14–15.
gnas gtsang ma'i ri|The “Pure Abode” heaven; a name for the five highest levels of existence within the form realm.
gnas gtsang ma|A form-realm paradise that is never destroyed during the cycles of the destruction and creation of the universe.
gnas gtsang ma|The five highest of the paradises that constitute the realm of form, which are above the paradises of the realm of desire in which our world is situated. Also translated as {gtsang ris}.
gnas gtsang ma|The highest division of the realm of form, comprising its five highest heavens; also used as the name of the gods living there. The name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “Śuddhāvāsa.”
gnas gtsang ma|Literally "the pure abodes," this term refers to the highest series of five heavenly abodes of the form realm (rūpadhātu) and is equated with the fourth level of meditative concentration (dhyānabhūmi). A form of this term frequently appears as a member of the compound {gnas gtsang ma'i ris} or śuddhāvāsakāyika, which translates as "the gods of the Śuddhāvāsa realms."
gnas gtsang ma|Lit. “Those in the Pure Abodes.” The five Pure Abodes are the highest heavens of the form realm and result from mastery of the fourth meditative absorption. They comprise the heavens of Avṛha, Atapa, Sudṛśa, Sudarśana, and Akaniṣṭha. The Pure Abodes, or Śuddhāvāsa, are never destroyed during the cycles of the destruction and creation of the universe. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the fourth concentration.
gnas gtsang ma|The five Pure Abodes are the highest heavens of the form realm and result from mastery of the fourth meditative absorption. They comprise the heavens of the Insentient Beings, Unlofty Heaven, Sorrowless Heaven, Heaven of Sublime Vision, Heaven of Great Vision, and Highest Heaven. The Pure Abodes are never destroyed during the cycles of the destruction and creation of the universe. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the fourth meditative absorption.
gnas kyi slob dpon|Newly ordained monks are not allowed to live independently until they have passed ten years as a monk and possess one of twenty-one sets of five qualities described in “The Chapter on Going Forth.” Until that time, they are obliged to live as apprentices or journeymen to a refuge so that they may learn and become established in the conduct expected of a Buddhist renunciate.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1229 .
gnas la brten pa med pa la brtson pa|Lit. “intent on not relying on a dwelling.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
gnas la brten pa med pa|Lit. “not relying on a dwelling.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
gnas la dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gagana.
gnas la rten pa med pa|Name of the thirty-second meditative stability.
gnas la rten pa med pa|Lit. “not relying on a dwelling.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
gnas la yang gnas su yang dag pa ji lta ba bzhin du rab tu shes pa|First of the ten powers of the tathāgatas.
gnas ldan|A river.
gnas len gyi bu|A learned brahmin and author of “Māṭhara’s Treatise.” He was also the grandfather of Upatiṣya, that is Śāriputra.
gnas ma yin pa la yang gnas ma yin par yang dag pa ji lta ba bzhin du rab tu shes pa|Second of the ten powers of the tathāgatas.
gnas ma yin|This terms refers to all that is unreasonable and cannot be expected to occur. Among the ten powers of a Buddha, the first is knowing what is tenable and untenable (Skt. sthānāsthāna, Tib. {gnas dang gnas ma yin}), i.e., the natural laws that govern the world in which we live.
gnas ma|A goddess in one of the maṇḍalas of Amoghapāśa.
gnas ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
gnas ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gnas med pa'i sgra dbyangs la lhag par mos pa yang dag par gnas pa|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
gnas med par spyod pa|Name of the sixty-seventh meditative stability.
gnas med par spyod pa|Lit. “homeless practice.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
gnas med par spyod|A buddha.
gnas med rnam par brgyan|“Unlocated Display.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse Anālayaviyūha.
gnas med|Son of the buddha Gagana.
gnas na dbang phyug|An ancient city corresponding to the modern Thaneswar in Haryana, India.
gnas na rgyu|A nāga king.
gnas nas dbyung ba'i las|One of five types of disciplinary acts meted out by the saṅgha. A monk may be suspended on one of seven grounds: failing to acknowledge an offense; refusing to amend or rehabilitate one’s behavior; deviant views; being overly belligerent and quarrelsome; creating the circumstances for a quarrel; maintaining overly close relations with nuns, unruly people, and ne’er-do-wells; and refusing to let go of a Dharma matter that has been peacefully resolved.
gnas ngan len|That is to say, negativity of body, speech, and mind.
gnas ngan len|Refers to the very existence of the body, voice, or mind. As long as they are there, there are all the problems of life.
gnas nyi shu rtsa bzhi|Twenty-four sites on the Indian subcontinent that are considered particularly powerful for the practices of the Yoginī Tantras. These map to twenty-four places on the human body in conjunction with the yogic practices of the perfection stage.
gnas pa bsdus pa|Text by Sahajavajra (Toh 2227).https://read.84000.co/translation/toh2227.html
gnas pa dpag med|A bodhisattva.
gnas pa khyad par 'phags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vratanidhi.
gnas pa las 'das pa|Father of the buddha Padmahastin.
gnas pa mchog|Father of the buddha Dṛḍhasvara.
gnas pa med pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śrīgupta.
gnas pa mi 'khrugs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Priyaprasanna.
gnas pa mtha' yas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñāgati.
gnas pa mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnapradatta.
gnas pa'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Bhāgīratha.
gnas pa'i dbang po|Attendant of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
gnas pa|Attendant of the buddha Sūryapriya.
gnas sbyin pa|A monk who gives you instruction for even a single day. One of five types of instructors named by the Buddha when asked to elaborate on the role of an instructor.
gnas sgrogs mkhas|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gnas srung po|One of the Four Great Kings, the protector of the east.
gnas srung po|One of the Four Mahārājas, he is the guardian deity for the east and lord of the gandharvas. Also the name of the king of the geese that was a previous life of the Buddha as described in the Jātakas. In other sūtras, more commonly translated as {yul 'khor srung}.
gnas su bya ba med pa|Name of the eighty-first meditative stability.
gnas su bya ba med pa|Lit. “without anything to rest on” (Conze: “All Stability Stopped”). Name of a meditative stabilization.
gnas tsher ma can gyi nags|A forest in Sunrise in Kosala. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-1910
gnas|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
gnas|This terms refers to all that is reasonable and can be expected to occur. Among the ten powers of a Buddha, the first is knowing what is tenable and untenable (Skt. sthānāsthāna, Tib. {gnas dang gnas ma yin}), i.e., the natural laws that govern the world in which we live.
gnas|In “The Chapter on Going Forth,” Kalyāṇamitra reads this as an abbreviation of “refuge instructor” (Tib. {gnas kyi slob dpon}). A “refuge” or “refuge monk” is one who has passed ten years as a monk and possesses five qualities and is thus fit to guide new monks, grant ordination, and instruction. In “The Chapter on Going Forth,” the Buddha says a monk who has been ordained five years may be considered “independent” enough to travel independently between monsoons. Though the text does not address the issue, a monk of five years ordination would not, in ordinary circumstances, acts as a refuge instructor.
gnod 'dzin|A yakṣa king associated with wealth and often identified with Kubera/Vaiśravaṇa.
gnod pa dang bral ba|An ocean mentioned here as the source of coconuts.
gnod pa dpe med pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
gnod pa drag pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
gnod pa med pa|A buddha realm.
gnod pa med pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
gnod pa mi bzad pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
gnod pa mtho ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
gnod pa spangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthāmaśrī (743 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gnod pa thams cad rnam par 'jig pa'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gnod pa'i dngos po dgu|Nine points of reference that inflame one’s anger and hostility: (1) my enemy has harmed me, (2) is harming me, and (3) will harm me; (4) my enemy has harmed my friend, (5) is harming my friend, and (6) will harm my friend; (7) my enemy has assisted other enemies, (8) is assisting other enemies, and (9) my enemy will assist my other enemy.
gnod pa'i nags|A town in Videha.
gnod pa'i rgyun|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
gnod sbyin bdag po|An epithet for Vajrapāṇi, who is also referred to as the yakṣasenāpati, the “yakṣa general.”
gnod sbyin gyi gdon|A class of beings said to dwell in the north, under the jurisdiction of the great king Vaiśravaṇa.
gnod sbyin gyi sde dpon brgyad po|Lists of the generals of the yakṣas are frequent in Buddhist scripture. They can variously consist in five, eight, twelve, or twenty-eight yakṣas. The list of names given here appears to be unique to this sūtra. They are Siṅgala, Dharma Protector, Successful, Victorious, Bull Ear, Jewel Ear, Dharma Endowed, and Uplifted by Dharma.
gnod sbyin gyi sde dpon chen po bcu gnyis kyis dam bcas pa|An alternate title for The Detailed Account of the Previous Aspirations of the Thus-Gone Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha.
gnod sbyin gyi sde dpon chen po|Leaders of armies of yakṣas.
gnod sbyin gyi tshogs|The palace of Indra.
gnod sbyin ma chen mo brgyad|This list of eight yakṣa ladies is probably unique to this sūtra. They are Aśiḍi, Many Sons, Hanging Down, Fully Hanging, Terrible, Fierce Lady, Small Club Holder, and Sky Dweller.
gnod sbyin mo|Female yakṣas, a class of semidivine beings that haunt or protect natural places and cities. They can be malevolent or benevolent, and are known for bestowing wealth and worldly boons.
gnod sbyin|A class of semidivine beings that haunt or protect natural places and cities. They can be malevolent or benevolent and are known for bestowing wealth and worldly boons. They are associated with Kubera, the god of wealth, who is often counted as their king.
gnod sbyin|A class of supernatural beings that are often represented as the attendants of Vaiśravaṇa, the god of wealth, but the term is also applied to spirits. Although they are generally portrayed as benevolent, the Tibetan translation means “harm giver,” as they are also capable of causing harm.
gnod sbyin|A class of nonhuman beings that haunt or protect natural places and cities. They can be malevolent or benevolent, and they are known for bestowing wealth and worldly boons, or, alternatively, for creating obstacles and causing harm. They are often represented as the attendants of the god of wealth.
gnod sbyin|A class of semidivine beings said to dwell in the north, under the jurisdiction of the Great King Vaiśravaṇa. They are associated with water, fertility, and trees, and treasure, and are said to haunt or protect natural places as well as towns. Yakṣa can be malevolent or benevolent, and are known for bestowing wealth and other boons.
gnod sbyin|A class of semidivine beings who inhabit forests, mountainous areas, and other natural spaces, or serve as guardians of villages and towns, and may be propitiated for health, wealth, protection, and other boons. They are often depicted as holding choppers, cleavers, and swords, and are said to dwell in the north, under the jurisdiction of the Great King Vaiśravaṇa.
gnod sbyin|Yakṣas are ambivalent nature spirits. According to Indian mythology, they inhabit trees, ponds, and other natural places, and serve as guardians of a certain locale. They possess magical powers, are shapeshifters, and can appear as helpful to and protective of the Buddha, his disciples, and the teachings. They can also be malevolent forces that create obstacles and illness.
gnod sems|Maliciousness, malevolence, vindictiveness.
gnod sems|The second among the three mental misdeeds.
gnod sems|Second of the five obscurations. Also translated here as “malice.”
gnod sems|Second of the five obscurations; ninth of the ten non-virtuous actions; second of the four knots. Also translated here as “harmful intention.”
gnod skyes|An acid river in the hell Forest of Continuous Flames
gnod spyin mo|A female yakṣa.
gnod spyin|A class of beings belonging to the realm of Kubera, the god of wealth.
gnon pa chen po|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
gnon po|A class of demonic beings.
gnon po|A class of nonhuman beings associated with disease and mishaps.
gnon po|An obscure Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit term. Sanskrit equivalent: avastāraka. Translated into Tibetan as “suppressor, one who presses down on someone.” Presumably from avastṛ (“to cover over, as with a blanket”).
gnub chen sangs rgyas ye shes|Ca. eleventh century. An early Tibetan master of the Nyingma tradition.
gnya' shing 'dzin|One of the seven golden mountains.
gnya' shing 'dzin|The innermost of the seven golden mountain ranges that encircle Sumeru, in the center of the disk of the world. It is presented differently in other systems; for example, it is sometimes the fourth of these mountains.
gnya' shing|A measure of length equal to four cubits; also, a measure of angular distance (translated here as an “angular yoke”).
gnyan lo tsA ba dar ma grags|The translator of Nyen, Darma Drak. He accompanied Ra Lotsawa ({rwa lo tsA ba}, 1016–1128?) to India where he stayed twelve years. Darma Drak is credited with translating Prajñākaramati’s commentary on the Bodhicaryāvatāra, as well as texts on Kālacakra and Tārā, and other works.
gnyen bzang|Father of the buddha Apagatakleśa.
gnyen gyi bu gcer bu|One of the six tīrthika teachers contemporaneous with Śākyamuni. According to some, one and the same with Mahāvira, the last Tīrthaṅkara of the Jains.
gnyen las thag ring byed|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gnyen ldan|(1) A city. (2) A river.
gnyen ldan|Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
gnyen ldan|A city of the (past) ninety-first eon and the birthplace of Buddha Vipaśyin. In The Hundred Deeds, two women offered Vipaśyin food there and made prayers, resulting in their rebirths as Buddha Śākyamuni’s mother Mahā māyā and his aunt Māyā.
gnyen po kun tu spyod pa|Carrying out virtuous actions as an antidote to past negative deeds.
gnyen po|Son of the buddha Pratibhāna cakṣus.
gnyen po|In this text, refers to reciprocally determined constructs deriving from dualistic thought that are transcended in wisdom.
gnyen yod|A king during the time of the Tathāgata Vipaśyin.
gnyer ba'i chos kyi blo gros|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gnyi ga|Attendant of the buddha Atibala.
gnyid med pa'i mig|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Finest Gold of Immeasurable Propriety.
gnyid mthar phyin dang 'jig rten thub pa|One of the tathāgatas. The Tib. erroneously inserts {dang} into the translation of this sage’s name.
gnyid sangs|Attendant of the buddha Jayanandin.
gnyid spangs|Attendant of the buddha Guṇottama.
gnyis ldan gyi dus|The third of the four ages of human life in Jambudvīpa. In this age humans are endowed with two quarters, or half of the good qualities that they had during the age of perfection.
gnyis med bral ba'i dkyil 'khor can|A buddha.
gnyis shing rtse ba|The city of the asura king Kaṇṭhamāla.
gnyis su med pa|Mahāvyutpatti 1717.
gnyis su med pa|Also rendered here as “without duality,” “nonduality,” “nondual.”
gnyis su med pa|This is synonymous with reality, voidness, etc. But it must be remembered that nonduality does not necessarily mean unity, that unity is only one of the pair unity-duality; hence nonduality implies nonunity as well. This point is obscured by designating this nondual philosophy as “monism,” as too many modern scholars have done.
go 'phang dam pa dri ma med pa thob pa|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
go DA|A part of Bengal bordering Orissa, also the name of the dynasty that ruled there.
go Shir Sha|A type of sandalwood that is reddish in color and has medicinal properties. It is said to have the finest fragrance of all sandalwood. In the Mahāvyutpatti it is translated as {sa mchog}, which means “supreme earth.” Later translations translate gośirṣa literally as “ox-head,” which is said to refer to the shape or name of the mountain where it grows. Appears to be red sandalwood, though that appears separately in the list of incenses.
go bgos|Son of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
go bgos|The 383rd buddha in the first list, 382nd in the second list, and 376th in the third list.
go cha bzang po|A buddha.
go cha mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
go cha sra ba|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
go cha sra brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa.
go cha'i tshal|Where the gods receive their armor before battle.
go cha|This is a protective clothing, made of closely interwoven strands, strapped around the body. In the Mahāyāna sūtras, it can be understood symbolically: the strands are the six perfections interlocking in a way that nothing can get through them. The strands bound together in the protective clothing may also be the net of interlocking beings occasioning a bodhisattva’s never-failing empathy.
go dA ba rI|A river in the south of Jambudvīpa.
go dA ba ri|One of the four auxiliary pīṭhas.
go da ro|One of the mantra deities closely related to the uṣṇīṣa kings, or perhaps one of them.
go la|Piper betle.
go ma sa la gan da|A sacred stūpa in Khotan, said to have been blessed by several past buddhas.
go ma ti|A river in the land of Khaṣa.
go ma|A river in Khotan.
go na kI|A location in Jambudvīpa renowned for soft cotton.
go pA|The name of Buddha’s wife as found in some texts, including the Lalitavistara; the name of Buddha’s tantric consort.
go pa|A wife of Śākyamuni and the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 43.
go ro tsa na|Crystalized bile deposits of cattle.
go skon|To call up reserves or members of a standing army.
go ta ma|The Buddha’s given name, Gautama Siddhartha.
go'u ta ma|The family name of the historical Buddha. Gautama means “descendant of Gotama,” while his clan name, Gotama, means “Excellent Cow.” When the Buddha is addressed as Gautama in the sūtras, it typically implies that the speaker does not share the respect of his disciples, who would rather refer to him as the “Blessed One” or another such epithet.
gol la|Hedychium spicatum.
gom pa mtha' yas rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
gom pa mtha' yas rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
gom pas rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
gom stabs mtha' yas|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
goms par mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vegadhārin.
gong bu sped|One of the four parasites that are said to be inside the birth canals of women.
gong ma'i cha dang 'thun pa'i kun tu sbyor ba lnga|The five fetters associated with the upper realms comprise attachment to the form realm, attachment to the formless realm, ignorance, pride, and mental agitation.
gong ma'i cha mthun gyi kun sbyor lnga|As described in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1121 , they comprise attachment to the world system of form, attachment to the world system of formlessness, fundamental ignorance, pride, and mental agitation. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1122 .
gong na med pa'i 'od zer|A buddha.
gong na med pa'i gzi brjid|A great bodhisattva.
gor gor po|The embryo in the fourth week of gestation.
gos can|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
gos chos grub|A Sino-Tibetan translator during the ninth century; the translator of The Armor Array.
gos dkar can|A Buddhist goddess.
gos dkar mo|The chief goddess of the lotus family, personifying the true nature of the element of fire.
gos dkar mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the five tathāgata-consorts.
gos dkar po|A Buddhist goddess.
gos dkar spyan ma|A vidyā queen (vidyārājñī).
gos dri|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
gos ka tsa lin da ltar reg na 'jam pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Astride Mount Sumeru.\nThe Mahāvyutpatti has kācalindikam for {kA tsa lin da'i gos}, but Edgerton (175) calls this and other forms of this term a corruption of kācilindika, which he rather nebulously defines as “n. of some kind of very soft textile stuff.”
gos ka tsa lin di ka|A very soft substance. The Tibetan translators added “cloth” (gos) to the term.
gos la dga'|Mother of the buddha Harivaktra.
gos med kyi nags|A forest on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
gos med|Name of a nāga lady.
gos pa med pa|A great bodhisattva.
gos pa med|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arthabuddhi (382 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gos sbyin|(1) A king at the time of the Buddha Ratnaśikhin ({gos sbyin}). (2) A god ({nor lha}).
gos sngon gyon pa|A form of Vajrapāṇi.
gra ha|A planet (personified); a class of spirits responsible for epilepsy and seizures.
grags 'byin|An important monk follower of the Buddha.
grags 'chang|A buddha.
grags 'dod|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
grags 'dod|The name means “Desirer of Fame,” and he was so called because of his inferior motivation at that time. This is the bodhisattva in the distant past who would eventually become Maitreya.
grags 'dzin ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags 'dzin ma|The principal wife of Prince Siddhartha, prior to his leaving his kingdom and attaining awakening as the Buddha.
grags 'dzin ma|Daughter of Śākya Daṇḍadhara (more commonly Daṇḍapāṇi), sister of Iṣudhara and Aniruddha, she was a spouse of Gautama who, along with Gopā, spurned the advances of Devadatta and subjected him to brutal humiliation.
grags 'dzin|Son of the buddha Prasanna.
grags 'dzin|Buddha Śākyamuni’s wife who became a nun (bhikṣunī) and his disciple.
grags 'dzin|Buddha Śākyamuni’s wife (and the mother of his son Rāhula) who became a bhikṣuṇī.
grags 'od|Name of a tathāgata.
grags 'phags|A king.
grags 'phags|A sage.
grags bdag|Birthplace of the buddha Yaśoratna.
grags bla bzhud pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇagaṇa (383 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags bla|The 205th buddha in the first list, 204th in the second list, and 204th in the third list.
grags bla|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vimala (216 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
grags byin ma|Mother of the buddha Pūrṇacandra.
grags byin|A bodhisattva.
grags byin|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
grags byin|Father of the buddha Amṛtaprasanna.
grags byin|Attendant of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.
grags byin|The 243rd buddha in the first list, 242nd in the second list, and 242nd in the third list.
grags bzang|Father of the buddha Rāhudeva.
grags bzang|A king, former incarnation of the Buddha.
grags bzang|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags can|A world system.
grags chen ma|A mantra goddess, one of the great dūtīs.
grags chen rgyal mtshan|Mother of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.
grags chen rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Pradānakīrti.
grags chen|Name of a buddha.
grags chen|Son of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.
grags chen|A king; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
grags chen|The 80th buddha in the first list, 80th in the second list, and 81st in the third list.
grags chen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nikhiladarśin.
grags dbang|Father of the buddha Vibhaktagātra.
grags dga'|A buddha realm.
grags dga'|Son of the buddha Amitayaśas.
grags don|Father of the buddha Gambhīramati.
grags gnas rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.
grags ldan chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhucandra.
grags ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Maṇicandra.
grags ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
grags ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi. The name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “Yaśovatī.”
grags ldan nga ro|Mother of the buddha Sughoṣa.
grags ldan|A vidyā queen (vidyārājñī).
grags ldan|Son of the buddha Vighuṣṭaśabda.
grags ldan|Attendant of the buddha Jñānakīrti.
grags ldan|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags ldan|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
grags ldan|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Pradīparāja resides.
grags lha|Mother of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
grags mchog gsal ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pradānakīrti.
grags mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Puṇyapradīpa.
grags mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇasañcaya.
grags mchog|(1) A buddha in the past. (2) A lay brother living in Nādikā.
grags mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇāgradhārin.
grags mchog|The 351st buddha in the first list, 350th in the second list, and 345th in the third list.
grags mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhasena (590 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags mchog|In chapter 29 the name of the eighth buddha in a list that begins with Kanaka muni. In the Mahāvastu there is a list of past buddhas in which Yaśottara appears between Tiṣya and Puṣya.
grags mdzes|Son of the buddha Pārthiva.
grags pa 'phags|A bodhisattva.
grags pa 'phags|Son of the buddha Amitābha.
grags pa 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Yaśomitra.
grags pa brgyan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sumitra.
grags pa bsdus|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṃgava (548 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa bsgrags pa|A buddha.
grags pa bsgrags|Birthplace of the buddha Bhavapuṣpa.
grags pa byin|The 593rd buddha in the first list, 592nd in the second list, and 586th in the third list.
grags pa bzang po|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
grags pa bzang po|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags pa can|World of the tathāgata Viśālakīrti.
grags pa can|Birthplace of the buddha Vighuṣṭaśabda.
grags pa chen po 'dzin pa|The name of an eon in which the Buddha Intelligence Arrayed with Immeasurable Eloquence resides.
grags pa chen po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
grags pa chen po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags pa chen po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Impervious.
grags pa chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka (679 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa chen po|An eon following the current eon, called the Good Eon, during which time ten thousand sons of the universal monarch Vast Mind (a previous incarnation of the buddha Dīpaṅkara) will awaken to buddhahood.
grags pa che|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthāmaprāpta (213 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa dag pas byung ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
grags pa dang grags pa 'dren pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags pa dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Satyaketu (551 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa dpag med|Son of the buddha Suviniścitārtha.
grags pa dri ma med pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags pa gsal ba po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padmaśrī (491 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa gsal|Attendant of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
grags pa kun 'phags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṣemottamarāja.
grags pa kun tu 'phags|Son of the buddha Pradānakīrti.
grags pa ldan|A buddha.
grags pa ma 'dres pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhapārśva.
grags pa ma smad pa'i gzugs|Birthplace of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
grags pa ma smad pa|Name of a buddha.
grags pa mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmakīrti.
grags pa mngon 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokāntara.
grags pa mtha' yas 'dzin|Mother of the buddha Pradānakīrti.
grags pa mtha' yas gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jitaśatru.
grags pa mtha' yas rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Pradānakīrti.
grags pa mtha' yas|Father of the buddha Caitraka.
grags pa mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa.
grags pa mtha' yas|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Blissful.
grags pa mtha' yas|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags pa mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Acyuta.
grags pa mtha' yas|The 189th buddha in the first list, 188th in the second list, and 188th in the third list.
grags pa rdzogs ldan|The 519th buddha in the first list, 519th in the second list, and 512th in the third list.
grags pa rdzogs pa'i rgyal mtshan gyi tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.
grags pa rdzogs pa|The 134th buddha in the first list, 134th in the second list, and 134th in the third list.
grags pa rgya chen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candrodgata.
grags pa rgyal mtshan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amoghavikramin (182 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa rgyas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhūta (33 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa rmad byung|The 439th buddha in the first list, 438th in the second list, and 432nd in the third list.
grags pa rnam par nges|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
grags pa rnam par sprul|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Aśokarāṣṭra.
grags pa spong|Attendant of the buddha Āryastuta.
grags pa spong|Birthplace of the buddha Amṛtādhipa.
grags pa tshad med|Birthplace of the buddha Vairocana.
grags pa yid du 'ong bas bzang ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
grags pa'i 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
grags pa'i 'gro ba|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags pa'i 'od|A buddha.
grags pa'i 'od|Name of a tathāgata.
grags pa'i 'od|Father of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
grags pa'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānakīrti.
grags pa'i bla ma|Mother of the buddha Rāhuguhya.
grags pa'i blo gros gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Vāsanottīrṇa gati.
grags pa'i blo gros|Son of the buddha Vimuktaketu.
grags pa'i bshes gnyen|The 333rd buddha in the first list, 332nd in the second list, and 327th in the third list.
grags pa'i dbang po|Son of the buddha Creator.
grags pa'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Prasanna.
grags pa'i dbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Pradyota.
grags pa'i dbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Garjitasvara.
grags pa'i dri ma bral|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
grags pa'i lha|A buddha.
grags pa'i lha|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara.
grags pa'i mngon par 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sarvārtha darśin.
grags pa'i mtha' yas 'gro|Father of the buddha Kuśalapradīpa.
grags pa'i phreng ba|Mother of the buddha Āryastuta.
grags pa'i rgya mtsho|Attendant of the buddha Anupamarāṣṭra.
grags pa'i rgyal mtshan rgyal chen|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmavasu.
grags pa'i rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vidhijña.
grags pa'i ri bo dpal gyi sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
grags pa'i ri bo|The seventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
grags pa'i sde|A great bodhisattva.
grags pa'i sgra dbyangs kyi rgyal po|A buddha.
grags pa'i sgras 'jigs pa bcom pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
grags pa'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gaṇiprabhāsa.
grags pa'i shing rta|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṅgala (96 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa'i stobs|Mother of the buddha Mahāpraṇāda.
grags pa'i tog|A god; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
grags pa'i tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Uttīrṇaśoka.
grags pa'i tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padmapārśva (278 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags pa'i tshogs|Mother of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
grags par gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnaśrī.
grags par snang|Birthplace of the buddha Praśānta.
grags pas 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
grags pa|Son of the buddha Guṇārci.
grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Vighuṣṭarāja.
grags pa|The names of two future buddhas in this kalpa.
grags pa|Part of the Tibetan translation of a Skt. stock phrase for the expression of esteem. See renown, good reputation,.
grags pa|(1) A disciple of the Buddha who was a son of a wealthy householder. (2) A disciple of the Buddha whose right hand was impaired. (3) A lay brother living in Nādikā.
grags pa|The son of a wealthy merchant in Vārāṇasī. After the five excellent disciples, Yaśas was the next to go forth and receive ordination. He was followed in short order by Pūrṇa, Vimala, Gavāmpati, and Subāhu, all five together being referred to as the “five excellent companions.”
grags rdzogs|The 134th buddha in the first list, 134th in the second list, and 134th in the third list.
grags sbyin ma|Mother of the buddha Anantavikrāmin.
grags sbyin ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags sbyin|A great bodhisattva.
grags sbyin|A buddha in the distant past.
grags sbyin|Mother of the buddha Yaśadatta.
grags sbyin|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
grags sbyin|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grags tog 'dzin|Mother of the buddha Vaśavartirāja.
grags tog ma|Mother of the buddha Kṛtārtha.
grags tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmākara (150 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
grags yangs|A buddha in the distant past.
grags|A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 17th in the third list.
grags|The 599th buddha in the first list, 598th in the second list, and 592nd in the third list.
gram can|A land in the east of Jambudvīpa.
gram sag gi chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
grang mo|One of the eight nāga ladies.
grangs can|One of the three great divisions of Hindu philosophy.
grangs dag 'debs|As in to account for the income and allocations of a monastery.
grangs las 'das pa|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
grangs med pa|Asaṃkhyeya and other specific, extremely large numbers that have separate values and are not actually synonymous with “infinite” are left untranslated in contexts where the difference between them is a salient factor. On the number asaṃkhyeya (“incalculable”), see also Abhidharmakośa 3.93.
grangs med pa|The name of a certain kind of kalpa that literally means “incalculable.” The number of years in this kalpa differs in the various sūtras that give it a number. Also, twenty intermediate kalpas are said to be one incalculable kalpa, and four incalculable kalpas are one great kalpa. In light of that, those four incalculable kalpas represent the kalpas of the creation, presence, destruction, and absence of a world. Buddhas are often described as appearing in a second “incalculable” kalpa.
grangs med pa|This eon is literally called “incalculable” but nevertheless has a calculated span of time and therefore, to avoid confusion, its Sanskrit name is used here. The number of years in an asaṃkhyeya eon differs in various sūtras. Twenty “intermediate eons” are said to be one asaṃkhyeya eon, and four asaṃkhyeya eons are one great eon (mahākalpa). In that case those four asaṃkhyeya eons represent the eons of the creation, presence, destruction, and absence of a world. Therefore buddhas are often described as appearing in a second asaṃkhyeya eon.
grangs med|A distinct number. 1 to the power of 60, according to the Abhidharmakośa.
gre dang dbo|The name of a nakṣatra. There are two Phalgunī, the “former” (Skt. pūrvā; Tib. {gre}) and the “latter” (Skt. uttarā; Tib. {dbo}).
gre ldan|The name of a nakṣatra.
gre|There are two Phālgunī, Pūrvaphālgunī and Uttaraphālgunī.
gre|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Delta Leonis in the occidental tradition.
gri gug|A ritual knife meant for flaying skin.
grib gnon|A class of female spirits.
grib gnon|A class of demons that spoil food.
grib ma gcig pu pa|A forest in Continuous Movement.
grib ma med pa|A forest on Vast Garlands of Bliss.
grib ma sngon po|A forest on Saṅkāśa.
grib ma sngon po|A mountain by Lake Expansive.
grib ma snum zhing nag pa|A forest in Continuous Movement.
grib ma'i rtse la 'byung ba|A rākṣasī who lives in Black Waters
grib ma'i rtse|A type of rākṣasī living on an island called Endowed with Jewels.
grib ma|A class of demons that spoil food.
grib non|“Shadow”; a type of harmful being believed to be the source of disease and mental illness.
gro ba 'dzin|A kṣatriya.
gro ba 'dzin|A great bodhisattva.
gro ba 'dzin|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gro ba kun 'gyur ba'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
gro ba thams cad so sor bag yangs ba|A buddha.
gro ba'i dbang po|A great bodhisattva.
gro bzhin skyes gnas pa'i mtha'|A country.
gro bzhin skyes rna ba bye ba ri|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gro bzhin|The name of a nakṣatra.
gro bzhin|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Alpha Aquilae in the occidental tradition.
gro kun rnam par 'joms mdzad|A buddha.
gro lung pa blo gros 'byung gnas|A famous Tibetan scholar who was active in the late eleventh to early twelfth centuries. His most famous work was the Bstan rim chen mo (Stages of Doctrine), a detailed compendium of Buddhist doctrines.
gro zhin skyes bye ba nyi shu pa|A disciple of the Buddha, known in Pāli as Soṇa Koḷivisa.
grog mkhar skyes|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
grog mkhar|A nāga king.
grog mkhar|Ancient Indian rishi who is renowned as the author of the Rāmāyaṇa.
grogs brtan|The 421st buddha in the first list, 420th in the second list, and 414th in the third list.
grogs byed|Son of the buddha Jagadīśvara.
grogs bzang|Attendant of the buddha Saṃgīti.
grogs bzang|Father of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita locana.
grogs mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajra.
grogs na bde|A bodhisattva.
grogs pa nyan|The horse that pulls the chariot of the sun.
grogs po'i longs spyod|A land to the west of Jambudvīpa.
grogs thul|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kusumarāṣṭra.
grol 'dod|Son of the buddha Jñānaratna.
grol ba can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Lamp of Sun and Moon.
grol ba'i 'od zer|A buddha.
grol ba'i phung po|Attendant of the buddha Kuśalapradīpa.
grol ba'i phung po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Udgata.
grol ba'i phung po|The 19th buddha in the first list, 19th in the second list, and 20th in the third list.
grol ba'i zla ba|Another name, given in verse, of Vimukti candra, the interlocutor in The Ten Bhūmis.
grol ba|A buddha realm.
grol ba|One of the rāśis.
grol ba|Attendant of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita locana.
grol brnyes|The 608th buddha in the first list, 607th in the second list, and 601st in the third list.
grol|The state of freedom from suffering and saṃsāra that is the goal of the Buddhist path.
grong brdal|A world system.
grong byed bde byed|Probably another name of Śaṅkara, a contemporary of Mahendra.
grong gsar|A village. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2045 .
grong khyer 'dzin|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twenty-fifth week.
grong khyer brgyan pa'i rgyal po|A buddha realm.
grong khyer can|A city. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2049 .
grong khyer chen po drug|The six great cities of the Middle Country are frequently mentioned in Buddhist literature. The Mahā parinirvāṇa sūtra lists them as Śrāvastī, Sāketa, Campā, Vārāṇasī, Vaiśālī, and Rājagṛha.
grong khyer dga' mchog brgyan|Name of a city built for Puṇyaraśmi’s enjoyment by his father, King Arciṣmān.
grong khyer dmar gnas|A realm of the ever-infatuated gods.
grong khyer lnga pa|Birthplace of the buddha Kanakamuni.
grong khyer lteng rgyas|A place near Bodhgaya.
grong khyer mtha' yas|King Ananta’s palace.
grong khyer sgrogs|A great bodhisattva.
grong khyer shin tu rnam par dag pa|Name of a palace.
grong khyer stobs ldan|The name of a town.
grong khyer sum brtsegs dgra bo|A Hindu deity.
grong khyer thams cad bsrung ba 'byung ba'i gzi brjid dpal|A night goddess in Bodhgaya.
grong khyer tog gi blo gros|Birthplace of the buddha Maitreya.
grong khyer|A buddha realm.
grong pa'i chos|Euphemism for sexual intercourse.
gros mchod|The 640th buddha in the first list, 639th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
gru 'dzin|Son of the buddha Siṃhagati.
gru 'dzin|The mountain in the paradise of Avalokiteśvara.
gru 'dzin|Maudgalyāyana’s father, who was a wealthy royal priest.
gru 'dzin|The name of the mountain where the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara dwells (Edgerton 354.2). A city ruled by King Mahendra before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
gru 'dzin|A mountain in South India, presently known as Potikai, that was of great importance to both Tamil Buddhists and Śaivists (who saw it as the residence of Śiva, known as Lokeśvara). This is the first mention in a sūtra that has identified Avalokiteśvara with this mountain as his residence rather than the pure realm of Sukhāvatī. However, in this sūtra the verse appears to locate it in the ocean, while the prose appears to describe it on land. In Tibet and China, Potalaka was believed to be an island. In Tibet it is usually referred to by the shortened form Potala.
gru bzang|Another name of the king Mahendra.
gru gsum pa|An area in Kuru.
gru gsum|Sixty-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
gru gu|Drugu is the name of an ancient people living in north west Tibet.
grub ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
grub mdzad|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
grub pa bzang po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
grub pa don yod pa|“Unfailing Success” seems to be an epithet applied to some emanations of Avalokiteśvara, especially to Amoghapāśa.
grub pa'i blo gros|A medicine deity; a bodhisattva who seeks a prophecy from Śākyamuni.
grub pa'i go cha|A buddha.
grub pa'i rig sngags 'chang|A class of vidyādharas.
grub par gshegs pa|A buddha.
grub pa|A magical power or accomplishment; any accomplishment in general.
grub pa|Accomplished being; also a class of semidivine beings similar to vidyādharas.
grub pa|The 691st buddha in the first list, 690th in the second list, and 681st in the third list.
grub pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the pratyeka buddhas in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī.
grub pa|A class of powerful semidivine beings. In its ordinary sense of “accomplished” and so forth, this word is always translated here according to context.
grub pa|A class of nonhuman beings renowned for their magical powers. They can be supplicated and ritually propitiated to bestow those powers on people. In this usage, siddhas are not to be confused with the human adepts who bear the same title.
grub thob chen po|A “Great Sorcerer,” a master of the esoteric teachings and practices of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
grub thob|An accomplished being; a class of semidivine beings.
grub|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; a brahmin statesman.
grul bum|A kind of demon. The name uses a play on the word āṇḍa, which means egg but is a euphemism for testicle. Thus, they are often depicted as having testicles as big as pots (from khumba, or “pot”).
grul bum|A class of supernatural being. The name uses a play on the Sanskrit word āṇḍa, which means “egg” but is a euphemism for testicle. Thus, they are often depicted as having testicles as big as pots (Sanskrit: khumba).
grul bum|A class of nonhuman beings that are so-named for having “testicles” (aṇḍa, “egg” being used euphemistically) that are as large as “pots” (khumba). In Buddhist cosmology they are subordinate to the king of the south, Virūḍhaka.
grul bum|A disease-causing demon, with an etymology of “little warm egg,” also used for benevolent deities. However, the Tibetan term used in the Kāraṇḍavyūha is more commonly used (as in the Mahavyutpatti concordance) to translate kumbhanda, a humanoid being with an animal’s head that dwells in the sea.
grul bum|A class of evil being commonly mentioned alongside yakṣas, piśācas, bhūtas, etc.; Virūḍhaka is sometimes named as the lord of the kumbhāṇḍa, as is Rudra; also associated with the māras (Edgerton 187.2); a type of yakṣa having a human body but an animal head; a type of preta (Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary).
grul bum|A class of dwarf beings subordinate to Virūḍhaka, one of the Four Great Kings, associated with the southern direction. The name uses a play on the word āṇḍa, which means “egg” but is also a euphemism for a testicle. Thus, they are often depicted as having testicles as big as pots (from khumba, or “pot”).
grul|A class of nonhuman beings that are so-named for having “testicles” (aṇḍa, “egg” being used euphemistically) that are as large as “pots” (khumba). In Buddhist cosmology they are subordinate to the king of the south, Virūḍhaka.
gru|Forty-fourth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
gsad pa|One of the four main types of enlightened activity.
gsal ba can|Birthplace of the buddha Amoghadarśin.
gsal ba dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.
gsal ba gti mug med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.
gsal ba mtha' yas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahita (254 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsal ba rgya chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmabala (786 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsal ba'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Supriya (879 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsal ba'i dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samṛddhajñāna (671 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsal ba'i lha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Cakradhara (950 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsal ba'i tog|Birthplace of the buddha Satyaketu.
gsal ba'i tshal|A forest in Moving Mind.
gsal bar gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyaketu.
gsal bar grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Udgata (804 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsal bar mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Chedana.
gsal bar snang ba|A lake on Utterly Delightful to Behold.
gsal bar ston pa|An oracular spirit that can be summoned into a reflective object or made to take possession of a human medium, typically a young child.
gsal ba|Father of the buddha Kanakaparvata.
gsal ba|Name of a monk from a previous eon.
gsal ba|Attendant of the buddha Praśāntadoṣa.
gsal ba|A city where the Buddha descended from the heaven of the Thirty-Three gods.
gsal ba|The 763rd buddha in the first list, 762nd in the second list, and 752nd in the third list.
gsal can|Father of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.
gsal chen|Son of the buddha Ratnavyūha.
gsal dag|Father of the buddha Aśoka.
gsal dga'|Son of the buddha Ratnacandra.
gsal ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Asaṅgakīrti.
gsal ldan mthong|Mother of the buddha Laḍitakrama.
gsal ldan|Modern Vārāṇasi.
gsal mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
gsal mchog|Son of the buddha Prabhākośa.
gsal mdzad|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gsal rab dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnākara (153 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsal rgyal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpaketu (525 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsal rgyal|Son of King Arāḍa Brahmadatta of Śrāvasti. Later, as king he gave all servants in his lands permission to join the Buddhist order if they wished.
gsal rgyal|King of the country of Kośala, he reigned in the city of Śrāvastī. Sometime enemy of King Brahmadatta (present), with whom he eventually reconciled.
gsal rgyal|King of the country of Kośala, he reigned in the city of Śrāvastī (located in Northern India, in present-day Uttar Pradesh) at the time of the Buddha.
gsal rgyal|King of Kosala and son of King Arāḍa Brahmadatta of Śrāvastī. As king he gave all servants in his lands permission to join the Buddhist order if they wished.
gsal rgyal|King of the country of Kośala, he reigned in the city of Śrāvastī. In this sūtra, Surata humbles him and then becomes one of his teachers. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-043-008.html#UT22084-043-008-11 .
gsal stobs|“Power of Splendor,” Puṇyabala’s father.
gsal|A king based in Ujjain, contemporary of the Buddha.
gsal|The 949th buddha in the first list, 948th in the second list, and 939th in the third list.
gsan pa'i blo ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pūjya (787 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsang ba chen po lnga|It is not clear who these five are. The Ratna ketu dhāraṇī (Toh 138) mentions the “five yakṣa generals” and gives six names: Āṭavaka/Bhīṣaṇaka, Chinnasrotas, Jñānolka, Saṃjñika, and Tṛṣṇājaha. See The Ranaketu Dhāraṇī, https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-056-006.html#UT22084-056-006-1398.
gsang ba dam pa ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
gsang ba mthong|Father of the buddha Āśādatta.
gsang ba pa chen po|Name of a yakṣa.
gsang ba pa'i bdag po|Epithet of Vaiśravaṇa.
gsang ba pa|Another term for the yakṣa subjects of Vaiśravaṇa.
gsang ba pa|A class of nonhuman beings, usually identified with the yakṣas.
gsang ba pa|A subclass of yakṣas, but much of the time used as an alternative name for yakṣas.
gsang ba pa|A type of nonhuman being frequently found in the entourage of Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera), the lord of wealth.
gsang ba pa|Attendants of Kubera, the god of wealth, and the guardians of his treasures. They live in the Himalayas at the source of the Ganges on the mountain that has been identified with Kailash.
gsang ba pa|A class of devas that, like the yakṣas, are ruled over by Kubera, but are also said to be his most trusted helpers. It is said that they protect his hidden treasures and live in mountain caves.
gsang ba po|Another term for the yakṣa subjects of Kubera.
gsang ba po|Semidivine beings closely related to or identical with yakṣas, who, like them, live in the realm of Kubera.
gsang ba po|A class of devas that, like the yakṣas, are ruled over by Kubera, but are also said to be his most trusted helpers.
gsang ba rtse dga' ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
gsang bar dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāraśmi (395 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gsang ba|A subclass of yakṣas, but often used as an alternative name for yakṣas.
gsang ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
gsang sngags gdon mi za ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anantarūpa.
gsang sngags|A syllable or phrase used in esoteric rites to invoke a deity and its power for the purposes of both worldly aims and liberation.
gsang sngags|A spell. Although a technical term in its own right, it is also at times used interchangeably with the terms dhāraṇī and dhāraṇīmantra, vidyāmantra, etc.
gsang sngags|A formula of words or syllables that are recited aloud or mentally in order to bring about a magical or soteriological effect or result. The term has been creatively etymologized to mean “that which protects (trā) the mind (man)”.
gsang ste ston pa|One of five types of instructors named by the Buddha when asked to elaborate on the role of an instructor.
gsang tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
gsang tshig|Literally “an instrument of thought,” it is usually a brief verbal formula used in multiple repetitions, usually beginning with oṁ and in essence a salutation to a particular deity.
gseng phrom|One of the grahas.
gser 'bab|A river in Enjoyment of Scents.
gser 'bar ba|A mountain in the eastern sea beyond Jambudvīpa.
gser 'dab|A class of bird deities.
gser 'od dam pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Replete.
gser 'od dpal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
gser 'od gzi brjid 'jigs bral rgyal po|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to at the zenith above the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
gser 'od ma|A goddess.
gser 'od ma|Mother of the buddha Sūryaraśmi.
gser 'od|A buddha realm.
gser 'od|Son of the buddha Padmagarbha.
gser 'od|Mother of the buddha Ugradatta.
gser 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Prabhaṃkara.
gser 'od|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gser 'od|In a story the Buddha tells, this was the name of our continent countless eons ago.
gser bdag|A king of Suvarṇadvīpa who figures in a prophecy made by the teacher Sañjayin that convinces Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana of his prescience. This in turn gives them conviction to seek out the Buddha as Sañjayin advised they should.
gser bzang dri med rin chen snang brtul zhugs grub pa|The thus-gone one residing in the buddhafield Heaped with Jewels and Full of Perfume.
gser bzang po dang nam mkha' nges par sgrogs pa bkod pa'i 'od|The name of a buddha in the above direction.
gser bzang po rnam par bsags pa'i 'od kyi gzi brjid kyi 'od zer|A bodhisattva mahāsattva present in the Buddha’s assembly. His name means, “Brilliant Light Rays of the Collection of Fine Gold.”
gser bzang zhing dri ma med pa'i dbyig gis spras pa'i gzi brjid mdzes pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
gser bzangs 'od|Name of a buddha of the past.
gser bzangs nges 'od gzi brjid rgyal po|Father of the buddha Akṣobhyavarṇa.
gser bzangs rnam dag 'od|A bodhisattva.
gser can|A buddha realm.
gser can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Infinite Purity.
gser dang ldan pa|A forest on Tamer of Deer Enemies.
gser dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Vajradhvaja.
gser du snang ba|A world system.
gser du snang ba|A peacock who was the Buddha in a former life.
gser du snang ba|A peacock king who appears periodically in Buddhist literature. One of the past lives of Śākyamuni.
gser gi nor bu snang ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Firelight.
gser gling|One of the two auxiliary melāpakas.
gser gling|A region of Southeast Asia visited by Indians.
gser gling|Home of King Suvarṇapati who figures in a prophecy made by Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana’s teacher Sañjayin that convinces them of their teacher’s prescience, which in turn gives them conviction to seek out the Buddha as Sañjayin advised they should.
gser gtsug|A nāga king.
gser gyi 'byung gnas|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Meteor.
gser gyi 'od can|Birthplace of the buddha Kāñcanaprabha.
gser gyi 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnadeva.
gser gyi 'od|The 614th buddha in the first list, 613th in the second list, and 607th in the third list.
gser gyi 'og phag sprin|A forest of the asuras.
gser gyi bre|A village or town.
gser gyi chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
gser gyi dra bas kun du khebs pa|A buddha realm.
gser gyi dra bas sku rnam par brgyan pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gser gyi grib ma'i tshal|A park in Attached to That.
gser gyi grib ma|A park in Sustained by Fruition.
gser gyi gshog pa sbyin|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gser gyi gtsug|A world system.
gser gyi gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
gser gyi gzu ba|A buddha.
gser gyi logs|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhapārśva.
gser gyi mdog 'od 'phro ba|The world of the past buddha Mervabhyudgata rāja.
gser gyi mdog can|Golden-complexioned nun who achieved arhatship during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni, due to the intercession of a previous incarnation of Venerable Ānanda during the time of Buddha Kāśyapa.
gser gyi mdog gi chu|(1) A river on Cakravāḍa. (2) A sea between Godānīya and Kuru.
gser gyi mdog|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍhasvara.
gser gyi me tog|Lit. “The One Who Had the Golden Flowers.” Future name of the nun Gaṅgadevī when she becomes a bodhisattva in the buddhafield of Akṣobhya, and also when she becomes a buddha, during the eon called Tārakopama.
gser gyi nor bu snang ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Firelight.
gser gyi phreng ba can tshe sbyin ma|A goddess.
gser gyi phreng ba can|A god.
gser gyi phreng ba ma|The name of an apsaras.
gser gyi phreng ba|A river at Radiant Streams.
gser gyi phreng|Mother of the buddha Yaśomati.
gser gyi phung po|A buddha.
gser gyi phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
gser gyi rgyal mtshan|King and sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
gser gyi rgyan ltar mtshan rab tu rgyas pa'i lus|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
gser gyi ri bo|A buddha in the distant past.
gser gyi ri bo|The 129th buddha in the first list, 129th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
gser gyi ri|Birthplace of the buddha Sadgaṇin.
gser gyi rtsig pa|An island in the eastern sea beyond Jambudvīpa.
gser gyi sa gzhi dang ldan pa|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
gser gyi sa gzhi|Sometimes called the “golden ground,” or “universal base,” “The mythological basis of our known world. It is made of gold and situated below Mount Sumeru” (Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary).
gser gyi sgron|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnayaśas.
gser gyi shing ta la rab tu brgyan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Exalted King of Palmyra Trees.
gser gyi snying po|A great bodhisattva.
gser gyi snying po|Birthplace of the buddha Padmagarbha.
gser gyi sprin sgron ma'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm in the east.
gser la sogs pa'i lcags ri lngas bskor ba|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
gser ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Atiyaśas.
gser ldan ma|‟Golden One,” one of the eight great yakṣiṇīs.
gser ldan|The name of a river.
gser ldan|Name of a sage, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
gser lta bu|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhuguhya.
gser ltar dri ma med pa'i 'od kyi rgyan|A world realm in the eastern direction. Also called Kanaka vimala prabhā.
gser ltar dri ma med pa'i 'od|A world realm in the eastern direction. Also called Kanaka vimala prabhā vyūha.
gser ltar gsal ba|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gser ltar snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Moon.
gser mchog 'od dpal|The name of a bodhisattva. “Glorious Golden Light.”
gser mchog 'od dpal|The name of a buddha in the southwestern direction.
gser mchog 'od dpal|A courtesan’s daughter, central figure of The Miraculous Play of Mañjuśrī sūtra. Her name means “Glorious Light of Supreme Gold.” The Sanskrit name is reconstructed from the Tibetan and is not attested (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-046-002.html#UT22084-046-002-571 ).
gser mchog brtsegs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mokṣadhvaja.
gser mchog gzi brjid ldan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
gser mchog snang ba|One of King Bimbisāra’s daughters.
gser mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṃdhi.
gser mchog|The 664th buddha in the first list, 663rd in the second list, and 655th in the third list.
gser mdog can|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmā.
gser mdog gdong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gser mdog gzi brjid dri ma med pa rnam par dag pa|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
gser mdog me tog|A park in another world in the distant past. The name as given in verse. In prose it is called Suvarṇa puṣpābha maṇḍala.
gser mdog sgra|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gser mdog|Mother of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
gser mdog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
gser mdog|Name of a king who was the previous incarnation of the bodhisattva Maitreya.
gser mgrin|A nāga king.
gser ngad can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gser phreng|Forest on the third asura level, Excellent Abode.
gser phug gi khang pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
gser rin po che'i ri bo gzi brjid bzang po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
gser rin po che'i ri spo rnam par snang ba|A vast array of many masses of world realms in the distant past.
gser rin po che'i ri'i dbyangs|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
gser sbyin|Son of the buddha Prāmodyarāja.
gser sdug mdzes pa rnam par nges pa'i 'od kyi gzi brjid kyi rgyal po|A buddha of the past.
gser ser skya|A nāga king.
gser sgron dri zhim|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
gser sgron|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Atibala.
gser snang bas rnam par gnon pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Guru of the Moon.
gser stug po bsags pa'i 'od gzi brjid kyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
gser thub|The 2nd buddha in the first list, 2nd in the second list, and 2nd in the third list.
gser thub|Fifth of the seven buddhas of the past, and second in this kalpa. Also rendered “Kanaka.”
gser thub|Fifth of the seven tathāgatas/buddhas. Identified in other texts as the second buddha to appear in the present eon.
gser thub|Name of a buddha who preceded Śākyamuni, usually counted as the second buddha of the current fortunate eon, Śākyamuni being the fourth.
gser thub|Name of a former buddha usually counted as the second of the first four buddhas of the present Good Eon, the other three being Krakucchanda, Kāśyapa, and Śākyamuni.
gser thub|The fifth of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. The second buddha in this Bhadraka eon that we are in. In the White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra, Buddha Ratnagarbha specifically prophesies that the third of Ratnagarbha’s thousand vedapāṭhaka pupils will be this buddha. He also earlier prophesies that his fifteenth brother will be a buddha who has that name.
gser yod pa|The realm of the Buddha Śantābha.
gser|Son of the buddha Kṛtavarman.
gser|A pore on Avalokiteśvara’s body.
gser|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK. Possibly also a shortened form of the name of the tathāgata Kanakamuni.
gshan gyis mi thub pa|The buddhafield of the Thus-Gone One Supari kīrtita nāma dheyaśrī rāja.
gshe ba'i shing|A nāga king.
gshed byed|A class of evil spirits.
gshed byed|A kind of female evil spirit or sorceress.
gshed byed|A generally malevolent class of semi-divine being.
gshed byed|A class of spirit beings typically associated with violent sorcery rites.
gshed byed|A spirit one can request, by making offerings, to destroy others. Usually female, with this sūtra having the sole instance of a male entity. There are also references to humans who have this power.
gshegs par dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānaprāpta (680 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gshes gnyen grags ldan|A great bodhisattva.
gshin gyi 'jig rten|The Vedic afterlife presided over by the lord of death, Yama, and inhabited by the ancestors (pitṛ).\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-008.html#UT22084-072-008-6 .
gshin rje 'khyil ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
gshin rje mo|One of the great mātṛs.
gshin rje mthar byed|Deity invoked to summon and subdue Karṇapiśācī.
gshin rje rgyal po|Another name of Yama.
gshin rje rgyal po|The lord of death, who judges the dead and rules over the hells.
gshin rje rgyal po|The lord of death in Indian mythology, who judges the dead and rules over the hells and the realm of the hungry ghosts.
gshin rje'i 'jig rten pa'i sems can|This refers to hungry ghosts, or pretas. Yāma ({gzhin rje}) is the Lord of Death.
gshin rje'i 'jig rten|This is a reference to the world of the pretas.
gshin rje'i 'jig rten|The world of the dead, another term for the realm of anguished spirits.
gshin rje'i 'jig rten|In this text, another name for the hungry ghost realm; Yama is also sometimes said to preside over the hell realms.
gshin rje'i 'jig rten|The realm of the Lord of Death is another name for the realm of hungry ghosts or pretas. This term is also the name of the Vedic afterlife inhabited by the ancestors (pitṛ).
gshin rje'i 'jig rten|The preta realm, or the realm of ghosts, where Yama, the Lord of Death, is the ruler and judges the dead. Yama is also said to rule over the hells. This term is also the name of the Vedic afterlife inhabited by the ancestors (pitṛ).
gshin rje'i 'jig rten|The land of the dead ruled over by the Lord of Death. In Buddhism it refers to the preta realm, where beings generally suffer from hunger and thirst, which in traditional Brahmanism is the fate of those departed without descendants to make ancestral offerings.
gshin rje'i gshed|Wrathful aspect of Mañjuśrī; also the namesake mantra.
gshin rje'i mtshams kyi dgon pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
gshin rje|The lord of death in Indian mythology who judges the dead and rules over the hells and the realm of the hungry ghosts.
gshin rje|The Indic lord of death who judges the dead and rules over the hells. Also, the deity who governs the southern direction.
gshin rje|The lord of death, who judges the dead and rules over the hells; the realm of Yama is synonymous with the world of the pretas.
gshin rje|Usually the Lord of Death who directs the departed into the next realm of rebirth, but here refers to the Lord of the hungry ghost realm.
gshin rje|The god of death who rules over the realm of the pretas; a vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi; one of the kings of rākṣasas.
gshin rje|Another name for King Yama (Skt. yamarāja; Tib. {gshin rje rgyal po}), the deity who judges the dead and rules over the hell realms of the underworld.
gshog zegs bkram|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gshol mda' 'dzin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gshol mda' 'dzin|One of seven golden mountains enumerated in Abhidharma cosmology.
gshol mda' 'dzin|Name of a class of gods, as well as one of the ranges of mountains around Sumeru.
gshol mda' ba|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
gshol ngan|A nāga king.
gshol|The Sanskrit may also refer to a weapon or a plow repurposed as a weapon, which would make sense in the context of the short list of weapons (34–43) found among the eighty designs, although the Tibetan meaning itself doesn’t connote this secondary meaning. Here its image is the fortieth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
gsing ma|A village or town.
gso ba|Edgerton favors the theory according to which poṣa/posa should be derived from puruṣa; however, the Tibetan translation reflects a different etymologization of the term that must have been current at the time of the Tibetan translations of Sanskrit texts. Pāli etymologies also suggest a link to the idea of “nourishing” (attabhāvassa posanato poso), and therefore we have preferred to follow traditional etymologies that better reflect how the South Asian and Tibetan masters understood the term.
gso byed|Attendant of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
gso ma can|A certain householder who was fourth among those in the apostolic succession that carried on the Buddha’s teachings after his parinirvāṇa.
gso sbyin|The eight vows kept by laypeople on the four sacred days of the month: full, new, and half-moon days. Alternate form is upoṣadha ({gso sbyong}).
gso sbyong 'phags|A king, the father of King Māndhātṛ.
gso sbyong gi yan lag brgyad|These are the eight upavasatha vows, similar to the commitments of a monk, but maintained only for one day. On such days one pledges: (1) not to kill, (2) not to steal, (3) not to engage in sexual intercourse, (4) not to lie, (5) not to partake of any intoxicants, (6) not to sing or dance, (7) not to eat after noon, and (8) not to use high seats or luxurious beds.
gso sbyong|A twice monthly ceremony performed by monks, nuns, and novices in which the ordained confess and remedy transgressions of their vows, thereby purifying and restoring the vows.
gso sbyong|The fortnightly ceremony during which ordained monks and nuns gather to recite the Prātimokṣa vows and confess faults and breaches. The term is also sometimes used in reference to the taking of eight vows by a layperson for just one day, a full-moon or new-moon day.
gso sbyong|A group of eight vows taken for one day on certain days of the month to emphasize purity. They include the traditional five “lay precepts,” plus the vows not to sit on high cushions or thrones, not to eat at inappropriate times, not to wear adornments, and not to engage in or listen to song and dance.
gso sbyong|The ceremony performed every new and full moon day by monastics, in which they confess any faults or transgressions and recite the prātimokṣa. It also refers to the one-day practice adopted by lay people in which they practice restraint according to the eight poṣadha vows and which may also include fasting. See introduction ( https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-074-003.html#UT22084-074-003-4 ).
gso sbyong|While this term most often refers to the fortnightly ceremony during which monastics gather to recite the prātimokṣa vows and confess faults and breaches, in the Kriyātantras and other esoteric texts, the term is used in a more general sense of a prescriptive ritual fast and period of abstinence that precedes the performance of many rites. This typically lasts between one and three days, and is to be performed by any practitioner, lay or monastic.
gso sbyong|A group of eight vows taken for one day on certain days of the month to restore one’s connection to the virtuous path. The Tibetan translation glosses the practice (rather than translating the original Sanskrit) as “reviving (virtue) and purifying (nonvirtue).” The vows include the traditional five “lay precepts,” plus the vows not to sit on high cushions or thrones, not to eat at inappropriate times, and not to engage in or listen to song or dance.
gsod 'phrog|A class of beings, literally, in Sanskrit, “the sons of Danu.” They are enemies of the devas and often associated with the asuras. Under the leadership of Bali, they took over the world, creating a golden age, until they were tricked by Viṣṇu in the form of a brahmin dwarf. A version of that legend is described in a prominent passage in the Kāraṇḍa vyūha Sūtra ( https://read.84000.co/translation/toh116 , Toh 116), the principal Avalokiteśvara sūtra.
gsod med|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell. Also known as No Death.
gsod par byed ma|A deity representing the element of water.
gsod par byed ma|A deity personifying the true nature of the element of water.
gsol ba 'ba' zhig gi las|A formal act of the saṅgha in which the motion suffices, with no need to formally state the act. Such an act is employed before a candidate for ordination is asked about private matters pertaining to his fitness for ordination.
gsol ba byed pa|A buddha.
gsol ba dang bzhi pa|For someone to be accepted into the Saṅgha, and for any other action that needs the assent of the Saṅgha, first a motion (jñāpti; {gsol ba}) is presented to the community, for example, a certain person’s wish for ordination. The motion would be followed by three propositions, in which is it said that all who assent should remain silent. If no one speaks up after the third proposition, the motion is passed. The Tibetan translated it literally as “supplication and fourth.”
gsol ba dang bzhi'i las|A formal act of the saṅgha that requires an initial motion followed by the statement of the proposed act, repeated three times. Such an act is required for several proceedings—among other occasions, to fully ordain someone, or to officially admonish an intransigent monk.
gsol ba dang gnyis kyi las|A formal act of the saṅgha that requires an initial motion followed by the statement of the proposed act. Such an act is needed to grant the vows of full ordination to a nun, among other occasions.
gsol ba|A formal request, e.g., that a postulant be accepted into the renunciate order or that a monk serve as preceptor granting ordination, etc.
gsong por gsung ba|Thirty-eighth of the eighty minor marks.
gsud pa|Symptom of a cholera-like illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
gsum cu rtsa gsum|Name of a class of gods in the desire realm. There is also an associated heavenly realm, the Realm of the Thirty-Three Gods, which is named after these.
gsum cu|The paradise of Indra.
gsum ldan gyi dus|The second of the four ages of human life in Jambudvīpa. In this age humans are endowed with three quarters of the good qualities that they had during the age of perfection.
gsum mdzes|A forest in Dwelling in One Direction.
gsum rig|Father of the buddha Vimalakīrti.
gsum rig|Qualities of an arhat who has the three knowledges ({rig pa gsum}): knowledge of divine sight, knowledge of previous lifetimes, and knowledge of the cessation of outflows.
gsung dbang|The 793rd buddha in the first list, 792nd in the second list, and 782nd in the third list.
gsung gi dbang phyug|“Lord of Speech,” epithet of Mañjuśrī.
gsung gi rgyan|This is an honorific term describing the Buddha Śākyamuni’s speech that invokes the use of {sgra rgyan} (śabdālaṁkāra), a term that signifies the use of various aspects of poetic speech.
gsung mdzad|A buddha.
gsung mtha' yas pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gsung ni 'khor dang 'thun par khyab par mdzad kyi 'khor gyi phyi rol du gsung mi 'gro|Sixty-eighth of the eighty minor marks.
gsung rab 'phags par skyes pa|Translation tentative.
gsung rab yan lag bcu nyis|The “twelve branches of excellent speech” or the “twelve categories of the Buddha’s teachings” are discourses (Tib. {mdo'i sde}, Skt. sūtra), verse narrations (Tib. {dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa'i sde}, Skt. geya), prophecies (Tib. {lung du bstan pa'i sde}, Skt. vyākaraṇa), poetic verses (Tib. {tshigs su bcad pa'i sde}, Skt. gāthā), aphorisms (Tib. {ched du brjod pa'i sde}, Skt. udāna), ethical narrations (Tib. {gleng gzhi brjod pa'i sde}, Skt. nidāna), narrative discourses (Tib. {rtogs pa brjod pa'i sde}, Skt. avadāna), parables (Tib. {de lta bu byung ba'i sde}, Skt. itivṛttaka), past-life stories (Tib. {skye pa'i rabs kyi sde}, Skt. jātaka), extensive sayings (Tib. {shin tu rgyas pa'i sde}, Skt. vaipulya), marvels (Tib. {rmad du byung ba'i chos kyi sde}, Skt. abidhutadharma), and resolutions (Tib. {gtan la bab par bstan pa'i sde}, Skt. upadeśa).
gsung rab|Refers to the discourses of the Buddha.
gsung sgrog pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gsung snyan cing rnam pa thams cad yongs su rdzogs pa|Forty-sixth of the eighty minor marks.
gsung snyan|A buddha in the past.
gsus chen|Foremost among the Buddha’s pupils in analytic reasoning.
gsus pa nyid|An area in Kuru.
gsus po che chen po|A senior disciple of the Buddha.
gsus po che chen po|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
gsus po che chen po|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
gsus po che chen po|Name of an elder and senior disciple of Buddha Śākyamuni.
gsus po che|Śrāvaka arhat.
gsus po che|One of the disciples of the Buddha.
gsus po che|A great śrāvaka included in the audience of this sūtra.
gsus po che|Foremost among the Buddha’s pupils in analytic reasoning.
gsus po che|A senior student of Buddha Śākyamuni, famous for his analytical knowledge.
gta' gam|Persons with stunted growth who exhibit general sluggishness due to hypothyroidism.
gtam ldan gtso bo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sudarśana.
gtam shin tu yongs su dag par mdzad pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Region of Joyous Radiance.
gtan la bab par bstan pa'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
gtan la bab par bstan pa|As one of the twelve aspects of the wheel of Dharma, it means the explanation of details in the teachings and is synonymous with Abhidharma.
gtan la dbab pa|One of the nine aspects of the Dharma according to this sūtra. More commonly there are said to be twelve that include these nine. It means “the explanation of details in the teachings” and is synonymous with abhidharma.
gtan la phab pa bstan pa'i sde|Eleventh of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
gtan la phab par bstan pa'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
gtan phab|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means the explanation of details in the teachings and is synonymous with Abhidharma.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
gter legs par gnas pa zhi ba rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Victorious.
gti mug med pa mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nāgadatta.
gti mug med pa'i dbang phyug gnas|Attendant of the buddha Mayūra.
gti mug med pa'i gnas pa rnam par brtse ba'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka.
gti mug med pa'i spos dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Ornamented by Pure Conduct.
gti mug med par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bodhidhvaja.
gti mug med par gnas pa|The 821st buddha in the first list, 820th in the second list, and 810th in the third list.
gti mug med rgyal|The 825th buddha in the first list, 824th in the second list, and 814th in the third list.
gti mug rab zad|The 930th buddha in the first list, 929th in the second list, and 920th in the third list.
gti mug rdo rje ma|Consort of White Acala.
gti mug rdo rje|A deity representing the faculty of sight.
gti mug rdo rje|A deity personifying the true nature of the faculty of sight.
gti mug rnam par sel ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vairocana.
gti mug sel|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
gti mug spangs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Subhadra (493 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gti mug|One of the three root afflictions that bind beings to cyclic existence.
gti mug|One of the three poisons (Skt. triviṣa) along with attachment (Skt. rāga) and anger (Skt. dveṣa).
gti mug|One of the three poisons (triviṣa), together with greed and hatred, that bind beings to cyclic existence.
gti mug|Delusion, stupidity, closed-mindedness, and/or mental darkness. One of the affective behavior patterns or “afflictions” known as the three poisons.
gti mug|One of the three poisons ({dug gsum}) along with aversion and attachment which perpetuate the sufferings of cyclic existence. Delusion is the obfuscating mental state which obstructs an individual from generating knowledge or insight, and it is said to be dominant characteristic of the animal world in general.
gting zab|A mountain range surrounding the hell of Embers Within.
gtog gi rgyal po|A buddha.
gtog|A buddha realm.
gtong ba rjes su dran pa|Fifth of the ten recollections.
gtor ma|An offering of food; unlike homa, bali is not offered into the fire but is placed on the altar and later eaten or distributed.
gtor ma|A food offering made to a deity or spirits; such an offering may be varied and elaborate, or may denote a simple sacrificial cake.
gtor ma|An offering of food items made to deities or spirits. Such an oblation may be elaborate and use multiple kinds of food articles, or it may simply be a ritual cake.
gtor ma|An offering made to a deity or spirits; bali may be elaborate with food, incense, lamps, etc., but this term may also denote, in the MMK at least, a sacrificial cake similar to the Tibetan torma.
gtor ma|An offering, originating in the vedic tradition, traditionally made out of uncooked food and performed at the home prior to cooking a meal by arranging portions of the ingredients and then casting them outside or into the sacred fire. Also translated here as “uncooked offering.”
gtor ma|Bali wrested control of the world from the devas, establishing a period of peace and prosperity with no caste distinction. Indra requested Viṣṇu to use his wiles so that the devas could gain the world back from him. He appeared as a dwarf asking for two steps of ground, was offered three, and then traversed the world in two steps. Bali, keeping faithful to his promise, accepted the banishment of the asuras into the underworld. A great festival is held in Bali’s honor annually in South India. In the Kāraṇḍavyūha, he abuses his power by imprisoning the kṣatriyas, so that Viṣṇu has cause to banish him to the underworld.
gtsang ba'i chu|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks. (2) A river on Saṅkāśa.
gtsang ba'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
gtsang gnas|These are composed of the five highest paradises in the form realm: Akaniṣṭha, Sudarśana, Sudṛśa, Atapa, and Avṛha.
gtsang ma bsung ldan|A city in a future eon, in the world system Refined Purity.
gtsang ma bzang po|The name of the river Fine Blackness in a future eon.
gtsang ma sbyong ba|A world system Endurance in a future eon.
gtsang ma'i gnas|These are composed of the five highest paradises in the form realm: Akaniṣṭha, Sudarśana, Sudṛśa, Atapa, and Avṛha.
gtsang ma'i ris|The five realms associated with the fourth concentration, into which only noble beings are born.
gtsang ma'i ris|The five highest of the paradises that constitute the realm of form, which are above the paradises of the realm of desire in which our world is situated. Also translated as {gtsang ris}.
gtsang mar gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Suvarṇottama (655 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gtsang ma|One of eight children, a daughter, of King Siṃhahanu of Kapilavastu.
gtsang ma|These are composed of the five highest paradises in the form realm: Akaniṣṭha, Sudarśana, Sudṛśa, Atapa, and Avṛha.
gtsang ris|The five highest of the paradises that consitute the realm of form, which is above the paradises of the realm of desire in which our world is situated.
gtsang ris|Usually referring to the last five of the seventeen realms of the form realm (rūpadhātu) and often equated with Akaniṣṭha, which is the first of the highest five. In this text, the expression seems to refer to the heavens in the desire realm (kāmadhātu). See note 15.
gtsang sbra can|Traditionally “one who is learned in the Vedas.” The Tibetan means “one who keeps pure and clean.”
gtsang zhing bden pa'i mtshams 'phel bar mdzad pa|The name of a tathāgata in a future eon in the world system Refined Purity.
gtsang zhing bden pa'i mtshams|The name of a future eon.
gtsigs zhal ma|A yakṣa appearing in some of the paintings of Amoghapāśa. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-092-001.html#UT22084-092-001-5249 .
gtso 'od ma|Mother of the buddha Jñānaruta.
gtso bo brtsegs|The name of a bodhisattva. “Highest Summit.”
gtso bo chu lha|Name of a village chief in a story Buddha tells.
gtso bo gsum|The three robes (Skt. tricīvara, Tib. {chos gos gsum}) of the fully ordained are the lower robe (Skt. antarvāsa, Tib. {mthang gos}) wrapped around the waist, the outer or upper robe (uttarāsaṅga, {bla gos}) covering the upper body, and the ceremonial robe (saṃghāṭī, {snam sbyar}).
gtso bo'i bu tsan dan|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
gtso bos byin|The 585th buddha in the first list, 584th in the second list, and 578th in the third list.
gtso bo|A buddha in the past.
gtso bo|Son of the buddha Laḍita.
gtso bo|Attendant of the buddha Vibhakta jñā svara.
gtso bo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
gtso bo|The 159th buddha in the first list, 158th in the second list, and 158th in the third list.
gtso bo|Material, or manifested existence; in Sāṃkhya philosophy this term denotes matter as opposed to consciousness. The term pradhāna is used synonymously with prakṛti in the Sāṃkhya system.
gtso bzang|Father of the buddha Jyeṣṭhadatta.
gtso chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Balanandin (363 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gtso mchog|Son of the buddha Marutskandha.
gtso mchog|Mother of the buddha Jyeṣṭhadatta.
gtso mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vararuci (228 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gtso sred|Son of the buddha Jyeṣṭhadatta.
gtsos byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jyeṣṭhadatta.
gtsug 'phyang|The general of the One-Tooth clan according to The Questions of Subāhu.
gtsug chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pūjya (925 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gtsug gi dbang phyug|A garuḍa.
gtsug gi gser|The 609th buddha in the first list, 608th in the second list, and 602nd in the third list.
gtsug gi rdo rje|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmā.
gtsug gi snying po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
gtsug gi yon tan 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhagati.
gtsug gtor can|The second of the seven buddhas of the past.
gtsug gtor can|One of the six buddhas who preceded Śākyamuni in this Fortunate Eon.
gtsug gtor gyi rgyal po|The name of the one-syllable mantra of Mañjuśrī—bhrūṁ—and also of the form of Mañjuśrī that it invokes.
gtsug lag khang di na dzya|A temple in Khotan.
gtsug lag khang gi tshigs su bcad pa|A series of verses that were supposed to prevent dangers.
gtsug lag khang tshar ma|A temple in Khotan.
gtsug lag khang|A dwelling place of monks.
gtsug lag khang|A term denoting a permanent structure built to house members of the monastic saṅgha
gtsug lag khang|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
gtsug lag khang|Either a temple or monastery. In Buddhism it was originally a residence used during the monsoon for the otherwise wandering bhikṣus.
gtsug lag khang|Originally a place where the wandering “viharin” monks would stay during the monsoon only, they later developed into permanent domiciles for monks.
gtsug ldan|The second of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. The Tibetan translation could also be read as “one with a crown protuberance.”
gtsug na me tog|Father of the second buddha Kusuma.
gtsug na nor bu chen po|A great nāga king.
gtsug na nor bu rin po che|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gtsug na nor bu|A householder in this sūtra.
gtsug na nor bu|Attendant of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
gtsug na nor bu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gtsug na nor bu|Literally “Crown Jewel.” A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
gtsug na nor bu|The 81st buddha in the first list, 81st in the second list, and 82nd in the third list.
gtsug na nor bu|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnakīrti.
gtsug na rin chen|Son of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
gtsug na rin po che|A great bodhisattva.
gtsug na rin po che|Son of the buddha Kāñcanaprabha.
gtsug na rin po che|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
gtsug na rin po che|The 297th buddha in the first list, 296th in the second list, and 296th in the third list.
gtsug nas phyung|A vināyaka.
gtsug phu lnga pa|A gandharva who was very prominent in early Buddhism and is featured on early stupa reliefs playing a lute and singing. He would come to Buddha Śākyamuni, who was not portrayed as omniscient, to inform him of what was occuring in the paradises. He also accompanies Indra on a visit to the Buddha and plays music to bring the Buddha out of his meditation. He performs the same role in the Mahāyāna sūtra The White Lotus of Compassion. He was portrayed as living on a five-peaked mountain, and appears to be the basis for Mañjuśrī, first known as Mañjughoṣa (Beautiful Voice) with Pañcaśikha still being one of Mañjuśrī’s alternate names. In this sūtra he is clearly distinct from Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī.
gtsug phud 'byung|A buddha.
gtsug phud 'dzin|One of the śakras.
gtsug phud 'ja' can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gtsug phud 'phyang ba|Attendant of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.
gtsug phud can|“Crown Ornament Holder.”
gtsug phud can|A god of the Brahmā realms.
gtsug phud can|A deity in Brahmā’s paradise. Also the name of a past buddha. Also the name of a Mahābrahmā in the upward direction at the time of Buddha Mahābhijñā jñānābhi bhū.
gtsug phud dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Priyaprasanna (991 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gtsug phud gcig pa|A vighna/vināyaka.
gtsug phud lnga pa|One of the gandharva kings.
gtsug phud lnga pa|A certain young gandharva allied with the god Śakra.
gtsug phud lnga pa|A gandharva king who is employed by Śakra to serve the Buddha. He is sometimes said to be a form of Mañjuśrī or historically to have been his original identity.
gtsug phud rgyal po|A buddha.
gtsug phud rnam par mdzes pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gtsug phud sngon po|A nāga king.
gtsug phud|The 1003rd buddha in the first list, 1002nd in the second list, and 993rd in the third list.
gtsug tor 'phags pa|The uṣṇīṣa, described in this text as “raised” (Skt. unnata) is one of the most prominent of the thirty-two signs of a great being and is often placed first or last in the list. In its simplest form it is an elevated shape of the head, like a turban (the Sanskrit term uṣṇīṣa in fact means “turban”), or more elaborately a dome-shaped extension. The extension is described as having various magical attributes such as emitting and absorbing rays of light or reaching such an immense height that the gods are incapable of flying over it.
gtsug tor can|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas
gtsug tor can|A name common to thirty buddhas in the past. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5316 .
gtsug tor can|The second of the seven tathāgatas/buddhas. Identified in other texts as the penultimate buddha to appear in the eon that preceded the present one.
gtsug tor can|A deity in Brahmā’s paradise. Also the name of a past buddha. Also the name of a Mahābrahmā in the upward direction at the time of Buddha Mahābhijñā jñānābhi bhū.
gtsug tor can|One of the tathāgatas. The second of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. Identified in other texts as the penultimate buddha to appear in the eon that preceded the present one.
gtsug tor can|In early Buddhism the second of seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. The first three buddhas—Vipaśyin, Śikhin, and Viśvabhuk—appeared in a kalpa earlier than our Bhadra kalpa, and therefore Śākyamuni is more commonly referred to as the fourth buddha. Also translated elsewhere as {gtsug ldan}; the Mahāvyutpatti also translates as {gtsug tor can}.
gtsug tor dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gtsug tor gdugs dkar po|One of the eight uṣṇīṣa kings.
gtsug tor gyi mdzod chos thams cad kyi 'od kyi dkyil 'khor gyi sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
gtsug tor gyi rgyal mo|One of the goddesses (possibly a male deity) in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-088-038.html#UT22084-088-038-762 .
gtsug tor gyi stobs shin tu drag po|One of the mantra deities.
gtsug tor mthon po|One of the eight uṣṇīṣa kings.
gtsug tor rgyal po|A class of fully awakened nonhuman beings, especially the chief eight among them.
gtsug tor rgyal po|A set of eight esoteric deities. According to the The Root Manual of the Rites of Mañjuśrī, they are Cakravartyuṣṇīṣa, Abhyudgatoṣṇīṣa, Sitātapatra, Jayoṣṇīṣa, Kamaloṣṇīṣa, Vijayoṣṇīṣa, Tejorāśi, and Unnatoṣṇīṣa. There are, however, different sets with other names included.
gtsug tor rnam par rgyal ba|The shorter name for the dhāraṇī after which this text is named.
gtsug tor rnam par rgyal ma|A goddess. See .
gtsug tor|The raised extension on the crown of a tathāgata’s head, usually listed among the thirty-two signs of a great being.
gtsug tor|One of the physical marks of a buddha that takes the form of the elevated shape of the crown of his head or an extension rising upwards from it.
gtsug tor|A protuberance on the head of a buddha; this term may also refer to beings who have this protuberance, known as uṣṇīṣa kings or uṣṇīṣa-tathāgatas.
gtsug tor|A feature of the head often depicted as a topknot or a protrusion on the crown, sometimes understood as describing the lofty shape of the head; the Sanskrit term signifies that the head is “like a turban.” One of the thirty-two marks of a great being.
gtsug tor|One of the thirty-two signs of a great being. In its simplest form it is that the head has a heightened or pointed shape (like a turban). More elaborately it refers to a dome-shaped extension of the top of the head, or even to an invisible extension of immense height.
gtsug tor|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as first of the thirty-two signs of a great being. In its simplest form it is a pointed shape of the head like a turban (the Sanskrit term, uṣṇīṣa, in fact means “turban”), or more elaborately a dome-shaped extension. The extension is described as having various magical attributes such as emitting and absorbing rays of light or reaching an immense height.
gtum byed ma|A frequently invoked divinity in esoteric Buddhist literature, her name references one of the lowest castes in Indian society.
gtum byed|A yakṣiṇī. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2556 .
gtum ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
gtum mo ka ta ya na|‟Fierce Kātyāyanī,” one of the eight kātyāyanī spirits.
gtum mo|Another name for Caṇḍa mahā roṣaṇa’s consort.
gtum mo|A goddess in one of the maṇḍalas of Amoghapāśa.
gtum mo|Blissful heat cultivated in the completion stage of tantric practice.
gtum mo|A member of the lowest social classes in ancient Indian caste society.
gtum mo|Another name for the channel carrying semen, used when it carries menstrual blood.
gtum mo|An outcaste woman; one of the female deities in the retinue of Hevajra; the mystic heat below the navel, personified as a goddess; one of the five ḍākinīs visualized on the prongs of the vajra scepter.
gtum po drag tu khro ba|An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gtum po khro bo chen po|The chief deity of the CMT.
gtum por rab snang|King of Ujjayinī, in Śiṃśapā Forest, where Buddha Śākyamuni sometimes dwelt. Also called just “Pradyota.”
gtum po|The chief deity of the CMT.
gtum po|A king based in Ujjain; a contemporary of the Buddha.
gtum po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gtun ri|A mountain.
gtun shing|The Sanskrit has the meaning of both a club or mace-like weapon, and a pestle used for grinding, which as a cylinder of wood or stone can also be utilized as a weapon. The former meaning makes sense in the context of the short list of weapons (34–43) found among the eighty designs, although the Tibetan has the meaning of “pestle.” Mahāvyutpatti no. 5890 equates {gtun shing} with musala. Here its image is the forty-first of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
gu gul|Commiphora mukul Engl, a type of myrrh commonly known as Indian bdellium.
gu la tA|One of the auxiliary charnel grounds.
gu lang|“Lord of All Animals,” an epithet of the god Śiva.
gum kum|Crocus sativus, the plant and the pollen of the flowers.
gur kum gyi rtse mo|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
gus byin|A bodhisattva in this sūtra.
gya nom mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Prāṇītajñāna.
gya nom nga ro|Attendant of the buddha Manojñavākya.
gya nom snang ba|Third of the pure abodes, meaning “attractive.”
gya nom snang ba|A class of gods who inhabit the third of the “pure abodes.”
gya nom snang ba|The third highest of the five Śuddhāvāsa paradises, the highest paradises in the form realm.
gya nom snang ba|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, third of the five so-called pure realms of the form realm.
gya nom snang ba|The highest of the three paradises that correspond to the second dhyāna in the form realm. In other contexts, the Tibetan {'od gsal ba} usually refers to Ābhāsvara, and the Tibetan {gya nom snang ba} would refer to Sudṛśa.
gya nom snang ba|Lit. “Good Looking.” The fifteenth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the third of the five Pure Abodes.
gya nom snang|One of the five pure abodes.
gya nom snang|The fifteenth heaven of the form realm.
gya nom snang|The third of five realms associated with the fourth concentration into which only noble beings are born.
gya nom snang|Fifteenth god realm of form, meaning “Sublime Vision,” it is the third of the five “pure abodes” in the form realm.
gya nom snang|The third highest of the seventeen paradises in the form realm, and therefore the third of the five Śuddhāvāsika (pure abode) paradises.
gya nom snang|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology belonging to the form realm. The fourth-highest heaven of the Pure Abodes. Non-returners and those who have mastered the fourth meditative absorption are reborn there. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-280 .
gya nom|Attendant of the buddha Suceṣṭa.
gyad bu nor|A disciple of the Buddha.
gyad bu nor|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
gyad kyi bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gyad kyi bu|Another name for Dravya Mallaputra, a disciple of the Buddha.
gyad la skul|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gyad|A country.
gyad|A tribe or clan.
gyad|Name for a country and the people who reside there.
gyad|A kingdom of ancient India situated to the North of Magadha.
gyad|A certain country during the time of the Buddha in which Kuśinagarī was located.
gyen du 'phags pa|The 815th buddha in the first list, 814th in the second list, and 804th in the third list.
gyen du rgyal|The city of Ujjayinī, located in the province of the same name. The Sanskrit Ujjayinī is commonly translated into Tibetan as {'phags rgyal}.
gyen rgyu|One of the five vital airs, centered in the throat.
gyen shugs|A type of gem, presumably red as in the blossoms of the kiṃśuka tree.
gyi sho gtsang po|A river in Khotan.
gying ju|Unidentified.
gyur ba skyo ba med pa go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
gyur med ldan|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Unobstructed Glorious King of Medicine resides.
gza' 'dzin|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
gza' lhag pa|The planet Mercury; a legendary king before the time of the Buddha; a south Indian king, the son of Śaṅkara.
gza'|Deities associated with the planets.
gza'|Eclipse; a class of spirits causing possession.
gza'|A demon that causes an eclipse; a spirit that causes possession; a planet.
gza'|A class of nonhuman beings able to enter and possess the human body; a class of beings, such as Rāhu, that cause solar and lunar eclipses; a planet (this category includes the sun and the moon but excludes the earth); a planet or planetary influence personified.
gzas byin|Name of a bodhisattva.
gzer bu gsum|One of the grahas.
gzer nad chen po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
gzer rna|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
gzhag pa|A skill taught to brahmins and kings that may relate to finance or grammar.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-142 .
gzhal du med pa|A river in the northern continent of Kuru.
gzhal du med pa|In the context of sentient beings being “immeasurable.” One of the ten topics to be expounded to the bodhisattva who has perfected application.
gzhal med gzi brjid bzang po|Son of the buddha Padmagarbha.
gzhal med khang gi dkyil 'khor|The Skt. vimāna suggests the “mount” or “chariot” of the gods, namely of the sun and moon. It can be a celestial palace ({gzhal med khang}).
gzhal med khang|Father of the buddha Mahāsthāman.
gzhal med khang|These palaces served as both vehicles and residences for deities.
gzhal med khang|Vimāna, translated here as “airborne palace,” can mean a divine chariot or palace, or a combination of the two, as in this translation. These flying palaces of the deities are well known in Indian mythology. Burnouf translates as “chariots”; Kern has “aerial cars.”
gzhal med mchog|Father of the buddha Ketu.
gzhal med mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Abhaya.
gzhal myed khang|These palaces served as both vehicles and residences for deities.
gzhal yas khang gi khang bu'i phreng ba|A location in Supreme Strength.
gzhal yas khang gi ri|A forest in Total Pleasure.
gzhal yas khang|Here refers to a palace of the gods (devavimāna). Alternatively, it can refer to a chariot or self-moving aerial car.
gzhan 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita.
gzhan 'phrul ba|Paranirmitavasavatti, the highest of the group of four heavens immediately above the peak of Mount Meru.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed kyi gnas|“Controlling Others’ Emanations,” the sixth heaven of the desire realm.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed kyi lha|Gods of the sixth and highest-level god realm within the desire realm.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed kyi lha|The deities of this, the sixth level of the gods of the desire-realm, appropriate and enjoy the magical creations of others; hence their name, literally, “who assume control of the emanations of others.” Their abode contains all the wonders created elsewhere and is referred to as a standard of splendor.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed pa|One of the six heavens of the desire realm.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed pa|The sixth and highest of the six heavens of the desire realm.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed pa|“Controlling Others’ Emanations,” the sixth heaven of the desire realm.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed pa|The highest of the six heavens of the desire realm, its inhabitants enjoy objects created by others.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed pa|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, highest of the six heavens of the desire realm. The inhabitants enjoy objects created by others, then dispose of them themselves.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed|The highest paradise in the desire realm, named “power over the emanations of others” because its inhabitants have that power.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed|A class of gods who inhabit the highest of the six heavens of the desire realm. The inhabitants enjoy objects created by others, then dispose of them themselves.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed|“Ruling Others’ Emanations.” The highest paradise in the desire realm, so named because the inhabitants have power over the emanations of others. Also called Vaśavartin.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, highest of the six heavens of the desire realm. The inhabitants enjoy objects created by others, then dispose of them themselves.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed|Lit. “Those Who Control What Is Created by Others.” The sixth and highest heaven in the desire realm, so named because the inhabitants have power over the emanations of others.
gzhan 'phrul dbang byed|The sixth and highest of the heavens of the desire realm. The inhabitants enjoy objects created by others and dispose of them themselves. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-195 .
gzhan 'phrul|The principal deity in the paradise of the same name, which is the highest in the desire realm. Also called Vaśavartin.
gzhan du 'gyur ba|(1) One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell. (2) One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
gzhan du mi 'gro ba|A bodhisattva and the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 31.
gzhan gis mi thub|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Exceedingly Widely Renowned Glory resides.
gzhan grags dad byed yang dag 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pradānakīrti.
gzhan gyi dngos po|This term denotes “anything other than the unconditioned expanse of reality” and so forth. Konow (1941), pp. 36–37, translates this term as “being-something-else.” Lamotte (op. cit. p. 1673) suggests “other existence.”
gzhan gyi srog 'phrog ma|One of the great mātṛs.
gzhan gyis mi thub ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sucittayaśas.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i gtsug tor|One of the mantra deities.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Balatejojñāna.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i mthu rtsal can|Attendant of the buddha Candana.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i mthu|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kusumarāṣṭra.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i ri bo|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gzhan gyis mi thub par grags pa|Father of the buddha Baladatta.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa|A future buddha.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa|“Not Able to Be Harmed by Others”; a previous buddha.
gzhan gyis mi thub pa|‟Never Conquered by Another,” one of the eight bhūta kings.
gzhan gyis mi thub rgyal mtshan stobs|The ninety-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
gzhan gyis mi thub rgyal mtshan|The 131st buddha in the first list, 131st in the second list, and 131st in the third list.
gzhan gyis mi thub|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍha (37 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzhan gyis mi thul ba|A buddha in the past.
gzhan las rgyal|One of the eight yakṣa generals.
gzhan mi thub|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
gzhang 'brum|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
gzhi 'jam pa|A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit.
gzhi ba'i blo gros|Name of a prince in a story the Buddha tells; a former incarnation of the buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
gzhi me tog gi snying po'i rgyan gyis brgyan pa|An ocean of universes that includes our Sahā universe of a thousand million worlds and the even greater assembly of universes called Prabhāsa vairocana. It has elsewhere been interpreted to be an alternative name for the Sahā universe.
gzhi nas mgu bar bya ba|Imposed on a monk who incurs a second similar saṅgha stigmata offense while serving his probation.
gzhi shin tu sbyangs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gzhi thams cad yod par smra ba'i 'dul ba|The largest and most detailed of the six extant vinaya recensions. Substantial fragments have survived in Sanskrit, and much of it was translated into Chinese by Yijing in the eighth century, but the Tibetan translation in the Kangyur is the fullest version. It is also the only vinaya corpus to have been translated into Tibetan.
gzhib pa|“Sucker,” a class of malevolent spirits.
gzhol ma|Lit. “bent, crooked.” In this tantra, this refers to the primary side channel that runs to the right side of the central channel.
gzhom thul|A great bodhisattva.
gzhon nu 'od srung gi bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gzhon nu 'od|A bodhisattva.
gzhon nu ma|A female kumāra.
gzhon nu ma|One of the great mātṛs.
gzhon nu ma|One of the seven yakṣiṇīs.
gzhon nu seng ge|A king.
gzhon nu yid du 'ong ba|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gzhon nu'i brtul zhugs|May also refer to practitioners who deliberately act like children; see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-057-004.html#UT22084-057-004-1317 .
gzhon nu'i grong khyer|One of the two auxiliary pīlavas.
gzhon nu'i tshul|One of the previous incarnations of Māra.
gzhon nu|Another name of Karttikeya, the god of war.
gzhon nu|A short form of the name Candraprabhakumārabhūta.
gzhon nu|Another name for Kārttikeya, the son of Śiva, also known as Skanda.
gzhon nu|When referring to a worldly deity, this name/epithet usually applies to Skanda.
gzhon nu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the grahas; the Gupta emperor Kumāragupta II; an ascetic statesman.
gzhon nu|Apart from the usual meaning and usages (such as being a title of Mañjuśrī, etc.), this also seems to be the name of a class of nonhuman beings. The term is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “divine youth.”
gzhong thogs|A class of godlings, probabably related to yakṣas.
gzhong thogs|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
gzhu bzang|An ancient king, contemporary of the Buddha.
gzhug pa|A skill taught to brahmins and kings that may relate to finance or grammar.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-142 .
gzhung la rnam par bsgoms pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Abhijñāketu.
gzhung smras pa|An individual who is well versed in a particular textual lineage or lineages.
gzhu|Thirty-sixth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
gzhu|Sagittarius (zodiac sign and constellation); also the name of an ancient king.
gzi 'od|The 401st buddha in the first list, 400th in the second list, and 394th in the third list.
gzi brjid 'bar ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gzi brjid 'bar ba|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
gzi brjid 'bar ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Baladatta (425 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid 'bar|The 886th buddha in the first list, 885th in the second list, and 876th in the third list.
gzi brjid 'byor|Father of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.
gzi brjid 'byung ba|Birthplace of the buddha Vāsava.
gzi brjid 'gro ba la 'phro ba'i pad ma rab tu rgyas pa'i lus|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
gzi brjid 'jam pa|Attendant of the buddha Śāntatejas.
gzi brjid 'jigs pa med|Birthplace of the buddha Kṣemaṃkara.
gzi brjid 'od 'phro|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhaketu.
gzi brjid 'od dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Jyotiṣka
gzi brjid 'od ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Sumedhas.
gzi brjid 'od|Son of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
gzi brjid 'od|Mother of the buddha Guṇatejas.
gzi brjid 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
gzi brjid 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja.
gzi brjid 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
gzi brjid 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
gzi brjid bdag mo|Mother of the buddha Saṃjaya.
gzi brjid bdag po|Birthplace of the buddha Sarvatejas.
gzi brjid bdog pa|Mother of the buddha Śrotriya.
gzi brjid bkod pa|Mother of the buddha Dharmakūṭa.
gzi brjid bkod pa|Son of the buddha Avabhāsadarśin.
gzi brjid blo gros bde|Attendant of the buddha Mokṣavrata.
gzi brjid brtan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
gzi brjid brtsegs 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhaṃkara (46 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid bsdus|Birthplace of the buddha Sūryapriya.
gzi brjid byin|Son of the buddha Pradyotarāja.
gzi brjid bzang mo|Mother of the buddha Amitāyus.
gzi brjid bzang po|Son of the buddha Guṇākara.
gzi brjid bzang po|Father of the buddha Mahādarśana.
gzi brjid bzang po|Father of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
gzi brjid bzang po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vikrāntadeva.
gzi brjid bzang po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK. This name, which occurs only in the Tibetan translation of the MMK, may represent a case of scribal dyslexia in which the last two syllables of the extant Skt. name Sujeta have been reversed.
gzi brjid bzang|Father of the buddha Rāhudeva.
gzi brjid bzang|Son of the buddha Candrapradīpa.
gzi brjid can|A world system.
gzi brjid can|Birthplace of the buddha Surūpa.
gzi brjid can|Mother of the buddha Sucittayaśas.
gzi brjid can|The name of the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ mother.
gzi brjid can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gzi brjid che ba|An earth deity.
gzi brjid chen mo can|Mother of the buddha Sukhābha.
gzi brjid chen mo|Mother of the buddha Laḍitagāmin.
gzi brjid chen po can|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gzi brjid chen po ldan|One of the rāśis.
gzi brjid chen po'i mthu|A cakravartin king in the distant past.
gzi brjid chen po|One of the kinnara kings; one of the rāśis.
gzi brjid chen po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
gzi brjid chen po|One of the four garuḍa kings, present at the teaching of the sūtra.
gzi brjid chen po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyaruta.
gzi brjid chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pradānakīrti (647 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid chen po|The 744th buddha in the first list, 743rd in the second list, and 733rd in the third list. The translation is tentative; {gzigs pa che} and {gzigs pa chen po} found in list one and three correspond to Mahādarśana, but {gzi brjid chen po} found in list two would expect *Mahātejas.
gzi brjid che|Name of a buddha.
gzi brjid che|The 187th buddha in the first list, 186th in the second list, and 186th in the third list.
gzi brjid che|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śailendrarāja (185 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid dang ldan pa|A ruler of the Heaven Free from Strife.
gzi brjid dbang po|Father of the buddha Śāntārtha.
gzi brjid dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
gzi brjid dga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Viṣāṇin (120 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid dpag med ma|Mother of the buddha Suviniścitārtha.
gzi brjid dpag med|The 207th buddha in the first list, 206th in the second list, and 206th in the third list.
gzi brjid dpag med|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaṇimukha (390 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid dpag tu med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Amitābha.
gzi brjid dpag tu med|A buddha.
gzi brjid dpag tu med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suviniścitārtha.
gzi brjid dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
gzi brjid dpal|Father of the buddha Vibhaktatejas.
gzi brjid dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaketu.
gzi brjid dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Uccaratna (938 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid drag pa|Name of a sage in a story the Buddha tells.
gzi brjid drag pa|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
gzi brjid drag shul can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṅgha.
gzi brjid drag shul can|The 324th buddha in the first list, 323rd in the second list, and 318th in the third list.
gzi brjid drag shul|The 481st buddha in the first list, 480th in the second list, and 474th in the third list.
gzi brjid drag shul|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sārathi (523 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid dri ma med pa'i lus|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
gzi brjid dri ma med|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
gzi brjid dri ma myed pa'i 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
gzi brjid go bgos|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tejorāja (636 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid grags pa|Son of the buddha Puṇyābha.
gzi brjid grags|Birthplace of the buddha Roca.
gzi brjid gsal ba|Birthplace of the buddha Sārathi.
gzi brjid gsal ba|Mother of the buddha Bhava tṛṣṇā mala prahīṇa.
gzi brjid gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
gzi brjid gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nāgakrama.
gzi brjid gtsug tor|One of the mantra deities.
gzi brjid gya nom|Son of the buddha Vimala.
gzi brjid khyad par du 'phags pa|Birthplace of the buddha Mahātejas.
gzi brjid kyi dbang po|A prince in another world in the distant past.
gzi brjid kyi dkyil 'khor bzang pos dga' ba'i dpal|The forest goddess of Lumbinī and the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 42.
gzi brjid kyi nags|A forest in Supreme Strength.
gzi brjid kyi phung po'i 'od rnam par grags pa|Son of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.
gzi brjid kyi rgyal po rnam mang dpal snang|The name of a buddha in the northwestern direction.
gzi brjid kyis brgyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Śodhita.
gzi brjid kyis brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānakrama.
gzi brjid ldan|Son of the buddha Deśāmūḍha.
gzi brjid ldan|The ninety-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Tejavati.
gzi brjid legs mchod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Acala (835 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid legs par brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Maṇḍita.
gzi brjid legs sbas|Father of the buddha Surāṣṭra.
gzi brjid ma smad pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ugratejas.
gzi brjid mchod|Mother of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
gzi brjid mchog|Mother of the buddha Vibhaktatejas.
gzi brjid mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Suvarṇottama.
gzi brjid mchog|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
gzi brjid mdangs|Attendant of the buddha Devaruta.
gzi brjid mdzes pa|Son of the buddha Yaśottara.
gzi brjid mdzes pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ṛṣīndra (759 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid mdzes|Birthplace of the buddha Satya.
gzi brjid mdzes|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gzi brjid me 'dra|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gzi brjid me tog rgyas pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇiprabha (149) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid me tog|Son of the buddha Arciskandha.
gzi brjid me tog|Mother of the buddha Ugratejas.
gzi brjid me tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Muniprasanna.
gzi brjid me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhadradatta (320 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid mngon 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Supuṣpa.
gzi brjid mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
gzi brjid mnyam pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
gzi brjid mtha' yas 'od|Father of the buddha Tejorāja.
gzi brjid mtha' yas 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Tiṣya.
gzi brjid mtha' yas lha|Son of the buddha Śrī.
gzi brjid mtha' yas mchod|Mother of the buddha Śīlaprabha.
gzi brjid mtha' yas mthong|Mother of the buddha Vardhana.
gzi brjid mtha' yas pa'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Devasūrya.
gzi brjid mtha' yas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Śāntatejas.
gzi brjid mtha' yas phung po'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arajas.
gzi brjid mtha' yas|Father of the buddha Śāntatejas.
gzi brjid mtha' yas|Attendant of the buddha Anavanata.
gzi brjid mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Anantatejas.
gzi brjid mtha' yas|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
gzi brjid mtha' yas|The 237th buddha in the first list, 236th in the second list, and 236th in the third list.
gzi brjid mtha' yas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Daśaraśmi (287 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid nyi ma gsal|Son of the buddha Padmahastin.
gzi brjid phreng ldan|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
gzi brjid phreng|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
gzi brjid phung po mtha' yas|Attendant of the buddha Mahāmitra.
gzi brjid phung po'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Pradīparāja.
gzi brjid phung po'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Smṛtīndra.
gzi brjid phung po'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śrīdeva (38 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid phung po'i gtsug tor|One of the eight uṣṇīṣa kings.
gzi brjid phung po|A bodhisattva.
gzi brjid phung po|Mother of the buddha Guṇabāhu.
gzi brjid phung po|Birthplace of the buddha Sarvārtha darśin.
gzi brjid phung po|The 573rd buddha in the first list, 573rd in the second list, and 566th in the third list.
gzi brjid phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Rativyūha (311 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid rab gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānakrama.
gzi brjid rdul gyi dri ma myed pa|A world realm in the distant past.
gzi brjid rdzogs ldan|Mother of the buddha Vyūharāja.
gzi brjid rdzogs|Birthplace of the buddha Mānajaha.
gzi brjid rdzu 'phrul|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sārathi (70 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid rgyal po'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Śrī.
gzi brjid rgyal po|The 645th buddha in the first list, 644th in the second list, and 636th in the third list.
gzi brjid rin chen bdun|Son of the buddha Praśānta.
gzi brjid rin chen|Mother of the buddha Siṃhapārśva.
gzi brjid rin po che|Father of the buddha Suvarṇacūḍa.
gzi brjid rnam 'byes|The 485th buddha in the first list, 484th in the second list, and 478th in the third list.
gzi brjid rnam grags|The 927th buddha in the first list, 926th in the second list, and 917th in the third list.
gzi brjid rnam par nges pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Saṃgīti.
gzi brjid rnam rgyal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candrānana (763 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid sbas|Son of the buddha Maṇivajra.
gzi brjid sbrang rtsi|Mother of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
gzi brjid sdug|Birthplace of the buddha Tejorāśi.
gzi brjid sgron ma|Son of the buddha Candra.
gzi brjid sgron ma|Birthplace of the buddha Gagana.
gzi brjid sgron|Birthplace of the buddha Sudarśana.
gzi brjid skye ba|Birthplace of the buddha Abhaya.
gzi brjid snang ba mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śīlaprabha.
gzi brjid snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Supārśva.
gzi brjid snang ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vardhana (858 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi brjid snying po 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
gzi brjid sprul|Birthplace of the buddha Candra.
gzi brjid stobs|A bodhisattva.
gzi brjid stug cing dri ma med la nyi zla zil gyis gnon pa|A buddha of the present, formerly the bodhisattva Joyful King.
gzi brjid thul|Attendant of the buddha Arciskandha.
gzi brjid tshim mdzad|The 580th buddha in the first list, 580th in the second list, and 573rd in the third list.
gzi brjid tshogs kyi rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
gzi brjid yangs pa|Birthplace of the second buddha Kusuma.
gzi brjid yid 'ong kun bsdus|A bodhisattva.
gzi brjid yid 'thad|Father of the buddha Upakāragati.
gzi brjid yid du 'ong ba|Birthplace of the buddha Vigataśoka.
gzi brjid yid du 'thad|Birthplace of the buddha Sukhita.
gzi brjid yod pa|Name of the forty-second meditative stability.
gzi brjid yod pa|Lit. “possessing grandeur.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Rāhucandra.
gzi brjid|Father of the buddha Sucittayaśas.
gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Dānaprabha.
gzi byin bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
gzi byin kun las 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Maṇigaṇa.
gzi byin mtha' yas|Father of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
gzi byin phung po|Mother of the buddha Meghasvara.
gzi byin shin tu brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
gzi byin thams cad pa|The 622nd buddha in the first list, 621st in the second list, and 614th in the third list.
gzi byin|Son of the buddha Guṇatejas.
gzi bzangs|Father of the buddha Merudhvaja.
gzi bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍhadharma.
gzi can|A king of the nāgas.
gzi can|Name of a nāga king.
gzi can|One of the eight great nāga kings.
gzi can|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
gzi can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gzi chen|A ruler of the garuḍas.
gzi chen|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gzi chen|The 55th buddha in the first list, 55th in the second list, and 56th in the third list.
gzi ldan dga'|Mother of the buddha Supraṇaṣṭamoha.
gzi ldan legs par mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Arciṣmat.
gzi ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita.
gzi ldan|Mother of the buddha Śāntatejas.
gzi ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
gzi legs|Son of the buddha Rāhu sūrya garbha.
gzi mdangs|The 661st buddha in the first list, 660th in the second list, and 652nd in the third list.
gzi mtha' yas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhacandra (323 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzi rgyal|Mother of the buddha Jagadraśmi.
gzi sdug|Son of the buddha Arciṣmati.
gzigs pa brtan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Caitraka (885 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzigs pa che|The 744th buddha in the first list, 743rd in the second list, and 733rd in the third list. The translation is tentative; {gzigs pa che} and {gzigs pa chen po} found in list one and three correspond to Mahādarśana, but {gzi brjid chen po} found in list two would expect *Mahātejas.
gzigs pa gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇagarbha (430 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzigs pa sgrib med|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vilocana (75 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzigs pa tha ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhagati (426 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzigs pa'i phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prahāṇakhila (239 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzings pa'i 'dug gnas|May, or may not, correspond to the Giñjakāvasatha of other texts. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-012.html#UT22084-072-012-52 .
gzugs brnyan kun tu snang ba'i gtsug phud|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
gzugs brnyan|Also translated as “reflection.”
gzugs brnyan|An effigy used in sympathetic magic.
gzugs brnyan|A visual representation fashioned in the likeness of someone.
gzugs brtsegs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṛtavarman.
gzugs byin|Son of the buddha Vararūpa.
gzugs byin|Father of the buddha Vilocana.
gzugs bzang mo|Mother of the buddha Nāganandin.
gzugs bzang|A yakṣa lord.
gzugs bzang|Father of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
gzugs bzang|Attendant of the buddha Mālādhārin.
gzugs bzang|The 594th buddha in the first list, 593rd in the second list, and 587th in the third list.
gzugs bzang|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Aṅgaja (90 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzugs can gzugs rnams la lta ba|First of the eight aspects of liberation.
gzugs can ma yin pa'i phung po bzhi|Listed here as the aggregates of feeling, notion, assembled factors, and consciousness.
gzugs can ma|One of the seven types of ḍākinīs.
gzugs can ma|“Beautiful one,” a class of female spirits.
gzugs can ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the great yakṣiṇīs.
gzugs can snying po|The king of the country of Magadha.
gzugs can snying po|King of Magadha who lived at the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
gzugs can snying po|A king of Magadha at the time of the Buddha, the father of Ajātaśatru.
gzugs can snying po|King of Magadha, the Buddha established him in the truth in Gayā. Also rendered here as “Śreṇiya Bimbisāra.”
gzugs can snying po|The king of Magadha and a great patron of Śākyamūni Buddha. His birth coincided with the Buddha’s. His father, mistakenly attributing the brilliant light that marked the Buddha’s birth to the birth of his son by Queen Bimbī (Goldie), named him ‘Essence of Gold.’
gzugs can|The queen, wife of King Mahāpadma and mother of Bimbisāra.
gzugs chen por gyur pa la lta ba|Second of the eight sense fields of mastery.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-207 .
gzugs chen po|“Great Form.” The name of a past eon.
gzugs chung ngu la lta ba|First of the eight sense fields of mastery.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-207 .
gzugs dang ldan pa|Wife of the householder Vijayarakṣa.
gzugs dang sna tshogs mang po|“Omnifarious One” is the name/epithet of various deities, but in particular of Viṣṇu in his viśvarūpa aspect.
gzugs gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Drumendra (740 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
gzugs gser mdog bzang po|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Manifest Mount Sumeru.
gzugs khams|In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence one level more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings, though subtly embodied, are not driven primarily by the urge for sense gratification.
gzugs khams|One of the three realms of saṃsāra, this is a realm of subtle materiality presided over by Brahmā. Beings reborn in this realm are free from the coarse attachments of the desire realm but retain a subtle level of materiality.
gzugs kun nas mngon par dga' ba|A ruler of the Heaven Free from Strife.
gzugs kyi 'dod chags|First of the five fetters associated with the higher realms.
gzugs kyi brda sgrub pa pha rol tu phyin par sems pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vararūpa.
gzugs kyi brda sgrub par sems pa|Attendant of the buddha Vararūpa.
gzugs kyi brda zad mi shes pa'i blo gros|Father of the buddha Jñānakośa.
gzugs kyi khams|Second of the eighteen sensory elements.
gzugs kyi khams|The second of the three realms where living beings transmigrate.
gzugs kyi khams|One of the three realms of saṃsāra, characterized by subtle materiality and the lack of coarse desire as in the desire realm.
gzugs kyi khams|Eighteen paradises that comprise the realm of form, into which beings are reborn through the power of meditation. It is higher than the realm of desire, where beings are reborn through karma.
gzugs kyi khams|In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence one level more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings, though subtly embodied, are not driven primarily by the urge for sense gratification. It is one of the three basic divisions of the realms of existence that constitute saṃsāra. The other two are the desire realm and the formless realm. See Gethin 1998, 116–18.
gzugs kyi phung po|First of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
gzugs kyi rdul sel|Lit. “eliminating material dirt.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
gzugs kyi sku|Used to refer to the two form bodies of the Buddha, i.e. the nirmāṇakāya and the saṃbhogakāya.
gzugs kyi sku|The dimension of a buddha that corresponds to relative truth and is perceptible to either ordinary beings (nirmāṇakāya) or sublime beings (saṃbhogakāya).
gzugs kyi sku|“Form body.” The visible form of a buddha that is perceived by other beings, in contrast to his “Dharma body,” the dharmakāya, which is his enlightenment.
gzugs kyi sku|The visible form of a buddha that is perceived by other beings, in contrast to his “dharma body,” the dharmakāya, which is the eternal, imperceptible realization of a buddha.
gzugs kyi sku|The form or physical body of a buddha, as opposed to the Dharma body or dharmakāya. In Buddhist philosophy, the form body was eventually divided into two kinds: the nirmāṇa kāya (“emanation body”), which is a physical body, and the saṃbhogkāya (“enjoyment body”), which is an immaterial body seen only by enlightened beings.
gzugs kyi sku|According to the Lesser Vehicle, the buddha body of form refers to the thousand buddhas of the Auspicious Eon, including Śākyamuni. In the Great Vehicle, however, the term includes both the buddha body of perfect resource which appears in a pure light form to tenth level bodhisattvas and the buddha body of emanation which manifests physically for the sake of all beings.
gzugs kyi skye mched|Seventh of the twelve sense fields.
gzugs kyi srid pa|The middling type among the three planes of existence, where desire for coarse food or copulation is absent.
gzugs kyis 'tsho ba skye bo thams cad ky ngo bo'i rjes su 'jug pa|A former life of the Buddha, who was a very good-looking person.
gzugs la rnam par lta ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śreṣṭharūpa.
gzugs la spyod pa|Eighteen paradises that comprise the realm of form, into which beings are reborn through the power of meditation. It is higher than the realm of desire, where beings are reborn through karma.
gzugs ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Śreṣṭharūpa.
gzugs ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
gzugs ldan|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
gzugs ma mchis pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa bzhi|These are typically listed as follows: (1) the equipoise of the sense field of infinite space, (2) the equipoise of the sense field of infinite consciousness, (3) the equipoise of the sense field of nothing at all, and (4) the equipoise of neither perception nor nonperception.
gzugs mchog|The 570th buddha in the first list, 570th in the second list, and 563rd in the third list.
gzugs mdzes bkod pa|“Beautiful Array.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
gzugs mdzes ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
gzugs med khams|One of the three realms. See glossary s.v. three realms ({khams gsum}).
gzugs med khams|The highest of the three realms within saṃsāra, beings in the formless realm are no longer bound to even the most subtle materiality.
gzugs med khams|In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence two levels more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings are no longer physically embodied, and thus not subject to the sufferings that physical embodiment brings.
gzugs med kyi khams|In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence two levels more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings are no longer physically embodied, and thus not subject to the sufferings that physical embodiment brings. It is one of the three basic divisions of the realms of existence that constitute saṃsāra. The other two are the desire realm and the form realm. See Gethin 1998, 116–18.
gzugs med pa na spyod pa'i lha|A deva or god in the formless realm.
gzugs med pa'i 'dod chags|Second of the five fetters associated with the higher realms.
gzugs med pa'i khams|The third and highest of the three realms where living beings transmigrate.
gzugs med pa'i khams|One of the three realms of saṃsāra, characterized by having only a subtle mental form.
gzugs med pa'i khams|In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence two levels more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings are no longer physically embodied, and thus not subject to the sufferings that physical embodiment brings. See also “three realms.”
gzugs med pa'i lha|A deva or god in the formless realm.
gzugs med pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa bzhi|These comprise the absorptions of (1) the station of endless space, (2) the station of endless consciousness, (3) the station of the nothing-at-all absorption, and (4) the station of neither perception nor nonperception.
gzugs med pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa bzhi|These comprise the attainments of (1) the sense field of infinite space, (2) the sense field of infinite consciousness, (3) the sense field of nothing-at-all, and (4) the sense field of neither perception nor non-perception.
gzugs med pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa bzhi|These are typically listed as follows: (1) the meditative absorption of the sense field of infinite space, (2) the meditative absorption of the sense field of infinite consciousness, (3) the meditative absorption of the sense field of nothing-at-all, and (4) the meditative absorption of neither perception nor non-perception.
gzugs med pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa bzhi|As found listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-174 , these comprise (1) the meditative absorption of the sense field of infinite space, (2) the meditative absorption of the sense field of infinite consciousness, (3) the meditative absorption of the sense field of nothing-at-all, and (4) the meditative absorption of neither perception nor non-perception.\nThe four formless absorptions and their fruits are discussed in Jamgon Kongtrul, TOK Book 6, Pt. 2: 436–438.
gzugs med pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa|These comprise (1) the attainment of the sphere of infinite space, (2) the attainment of the sphere of infinite consciousness, (3) the attainment of the sphere of nothing whatsoever, and (4) the attainment of the sphere of neither perception nor nonperception.
gzugs med pa'i srid pa|The highest type among the three planes of existence, where form/materiality is either absent or, according to some, present only in its subtlest aspects.
gzugs med pa|In Buddhist cosmology, the sphere of existence two levels more subtle than our own (the desire realm), where beings are no longer physically embodied, and thus not subject to the sufferings that physical embodiment brings.
gzugs med rnam pa bzhi|These comprise (1) the meditation of infinite space, (2) the meditation of infinite consciousness, (3) the meditation of nothingness, and (4) the meditation of neither perception nor nonperception.
gzugs mu med pa|Lit. “limitless form.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
gzugs ngan|One of the grahas; also the name of a mahāsiddha.
gzugs snang ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Victorious Melody.
gzugs stobs|“Power of Beauty,” the good looking one; Prince Puṇyabala’s oldest brother, who exemplifies beauty.
gzugs thams cad kun tu ston pa|An absorption.
gzugs thams cad rnam par gnon pa|Name of a meditative absorption.
gzugs thams cad shin tu ston pa|A world realm in the distant past.
gzugs thams cad ston pa|This bodhisattva asks Vimalakīrti the whereabouts of his family, etc., thus prompting the latter’s extraordinary verses on the family and accoutrements of all bodhisattvas (Chap. 8).
gzugs yod pa na spyod pa'i lha|Term for a deva belonging to the realm of form, which is the second of the three realms of existence according to Buddhist cosmology, rebirth in which is achieved through mastering meditative techniques known as the four dhyānas or meditative absorptions; this realm has seventeen subdivisions. The beings reborn here possess ethereal physical bodies and experience only three senses: sight, hearing, and touch. Attachment to material objects is in general less than in the desire realm (Skt. kāmadhātu).
gzugs|One of the five aggregates, that which gives rise to physical qualities.
gzugs|Physical forms include the subtle and manifest forms derived from the material elements.
gzugs|The first of the five aggregates: the subtle and manifest forms derived from the material elements.
gzugs|The first of the five aggregates; but also, in this sūtra, “inner form” within consciousness (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-044-003.html#UT22084-044-003-48 ).
gzugs|The first of the five skandhas, defined in Abhidharma literature as anything composed of the four “great elements” of earth, water, fire, and wind. Often rendered as “matter,” “material form,” or “form.”
gzugs|The first of the five aggregates, defined in Abhidharma literature as anything comprised of the four major elements (earth, air, fire, and water), either alone or in combination. Also rendered here as “material form.”
gzung ba'i tshig|This term can also mean “comprehensible speech,” in contrast to {gzung ba med pa'i tshig} (agrahaṇapada) or “incomprehensible speech.” See Negi (1993-2005): 5505.
gzung bar dka' ba|Name of a nāga king.
gzung ba|To accept (e.g., a person) as a novice.
gzungs 'dzin mgon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
gzungs chen grwa lnga|The term used to describe both the scriptures and the deities of the “five protectress goddesses” popular in the Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna tradition. The five goddesses are Mahāpratisarā, Mahāsāhasrapramardinī, Mahāmāyūrī, Mahāśītavatī, and Mahāmantrānusāriṇī.
gzungs dgu thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharaṇīdhara.
gzungs kyi 'od|A buddha in the distant past.
gzungs kyi blo gros|Lit. “Intelligence of Dhāraṇī.”
gzungs kyi blo gros|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
gzungs kyi blo gros|Name of the ninety-fifth meditative stability.
gzungs kyi blo gros|Lit. “dhāraṇī wisdom.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
gzungs kyi dbang phyug gi rgyal po|Name of a bodhisattva.
gzungs kyi dbang phyug gi rgyal po|The name of a Bodhisattva. The principal interlocutor of The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata, where he also gives a discourse of his own.
gzungs kyi dbang phyug rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
gzungs kyi dbang phyug rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prabhaṃkara.
gzungs kyi dbang phyug|Son of the buddha Brahmavāsa.
gzungs kyi dbang phyug|Son of the buddha Śubha cīrṇa buddhi.
gzungs kyi gzhi|A technical term employed in The Dhāraṇī of the Vajra Quintessence to signify the fact that all phenomena are inherently liberated, and thus bear the intrinsic quality of liberation as their very basis.
gzungs kyi nga ro|Father of the buddha Brahmavasu.
gzungs kyi phyag rgya|Name of the nineteenth meditative stability.
gzungs kyi phyag rgya|This is another term used for dhāraṇī that is meant to convey, among other meanings, the idea that a dhāraṇī seals or stamps upon the reciter or the targeted phenomenon the nature that it embodies.
gzungs kyi rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyapradīpa.
gzungs kyi sgo rnams|A mnemonic, or a means by which one remembers material.
gzungs kyi sgo|A method, often in the form of a spell, that leads to the infinite qualities of awakening.
gzungs kyi sgo|As a magical formula, a dhāraṇī constitutes a gateway to the infinite qualities of awakening, the awakened state itself, and the various forms of buddha activity. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-039-002.html#UT22084-039-002-4 .
gzungs|The incantations, or spells, are mnemonic formulas, possessed by advanced bodhisattvas, that contain a quintessence of their attainments, not simply magical charms—although the latter are included. The same term in Sanskrit and Tibetan also refers to a highly developed power present in bodhisattvas that is a process of memory and recall of detailed teachings, best translated “retention” in certain contexts.
gzungs|The term dhāraṇī has the sense of something that “holds” or “retains,” and as such can refer to the special capacity of practitioners to memorize and recall detailed teachings. It can also refer to a verbal expression of the teachings‍—an incantation, spell, or mnemonic formula that distills and “holds” essential points of the Dharma and is used by practitioners to attain mundane and supramundane goals. The same term is also used to denote texts that contain such formulae.
gzungs|This term has several meanings. Often it refers to a ritual incantation that usually encapsulates the meaning of a longer text. In this sense it is considered to assist in the retention of the text and imbue the one who recites it with a variety of desired powers. At other times this term carries the meaning of “holding” or “retaining,” and so it is frequently used in reference to memory and learning. In the context of this text, the term carries both of these meanings. Finally, this term can also be applied as a classificatory term to Buddhist scriptures that contain one or more such incantations.
gzungs|Literally, “retention” (the ability to remember), or “that which retains, contains, or encapsulates,” this term refers to mnemonic formulas or codes possessed by advanced bodhisattvas that contain the quintessence of their attainments, as well as the Dharma teachings that express them and guide beings toward their realization. They are therefore often described in terms of “gateways” for entering the Dharma and training in its realization, or “seals” that contain condensations of truths and their expression. The term can also refer to a statement or incantation meant to protect or bring about a particular result. Also translated here as “retention.”
gzungs|The term dhāraṇī—in some sūtras a mnemonic formula and also the ability of realized beings to retain (√dhṛ) in their transmundane memory any teachings—refers, in its most general use, to dhāraṇīs as understood in the context of the Dhāraṇī genre and Mahāyāna Buddhism. Such dhāraṇīs are divinely revealed prayer formulae that are dedicated to a particular deity and typically include homage, praise, supplication, exhortation to act, and, most importantly, the heart mantra or mantras of the deity. The specific meaning of “retention” is also present in this inasmuch as dhāraṇīs, once obtained, are never lost but stay with the person who obtained them. They function as doors (dhāraṇīdvāra) or access points (dhāraṇīmukha) to infinite qualities of buddhahood. Even shorter mantras, when they are regarded as functioning in this way, can be designated as dhāraṇī.
gzungs|The ability to remember all Dharma teachings that are heard. In other contexts, a dhāraṇi is a powerful recitation that is a precursor of mantras and is usually in the form of intelligible sentences or phrases that preserve or retain the essence of a teaching. There are two sets of “four retentions” in relation to this text. (A) As explained in the sūtra itself in chapter 24 ( https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-001.html#UT22084-055-001-2336 ): the retention, respectively, of teachings on composites, on sounds, on kleśas, and on purifications. (B) As explained in the commentary to the opening of the sūtra (1.2, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-001.html#UT22084-055-001-93 ): the recited dhāraṇī sentences and phrases themselves, the retention of the memory of the words of all teachings given, the retention of the memory of the meaning of these teachings, and the retention of the realization gained through meditation on that meaning.
hA la hA la|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
hU ta sha na|“Oblation eater”; another name of Agni, the god of fire.
hUM mdzad|The name of one of the wrathful forms of Vajrapāṇi; in the Sampuṭodbhava he is also referred to as Krodhavijaya or simply Krodha.
ha ha zhes 'bod pa|The first of the eight cold hells, named after the cries of the beings within it.
ha la ha la|Indian plant; a deadly poison.
ha la ha la|A krodha accomplished by the brahmin Pāṇini.
ha la ha la|A species of snake, or the poison from this snake.
ha la ha la|A mythical poison, blue in color, created from the churning of the ocean by the devas and asuras.
ha la ha la|A mythological poison said to have been produced by demonic forces in their fight against the gods.
ha lo|A flower belonging to the {lcam pa} family, a type of malva flower used in Tibetan medicine.
ha nu man ta|Name of a nāga king; a monkey god; Rāma's companion and devotee in the Rāmāyaṇa.
ha nu ma|A monkey king (a character in the Rāmāyaṇa).
ha ri ke pa|One of the two pīlavas.
ha ri ki la|A country in the east of India, roughly corresponding to modern Bengal.
he ru ka dang mtshungs pa|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
he ru ka|The wrathful form of Akṣobhya, buddha of the vajra family, who appears in the center of many tantric maṇḍalas. He is typicaly depicted wearing mortuary implements and wreathed in flame.
he ru ka|The wrathful buddha personifying the true nature of all forms and all the sensory fields and elements; a wrathful deity of the vīra type; also an epithet applied to some wrathful deities, especially Hevajra and Saṃvara.
hi la mi ci|Enhydra fluctuans.
hi ma ka la|Unidentified river, possibly the Kali Gandaki.
hi ma la ya|One of the two auxiliary chandohas.
hor|A central Asian region, at times referring to Mongolia.
hu lu du|A nāga.
hu lu hu lu|An unvirtuous nāga king.
hu lu ru la|A nāga king.
hu lu ru|A certain nāga king converted by Mādhyandina during his missionary work in Kashmir.
hu lu|One of the nāga kings. (Huluḍa is one of several possible spellings.)
hwa shang|From the Chinese 和上 (heshang) derived from the Sanskrit upādhyāya, a senior, learned monk.
hwags|A kind of sugar.
in dra ba ru na|Cucumis trigonus; colocynth, a wild bitter gourd, Cucumis colocynthis; the favorite plant of Indra and Varuṇa.
ing gi ra'i gdong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
jam dpal gzhon nur gyur pa|“Mañjuśrī the ever youthful,” a common epithet of Mañjuśrī.
jang sho|A senior minister at the court of the Chinese king Cayang.
ji lta ba bzhin du|The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Akin to other terms rendered here as “suchness,” “the real,” and “natural state.”
ji lta ba bzhin shes pa|Eleventh of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
ji lta ba'i bdag nyid|The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Akin to other terms rendered here as “suchness,” “the real,” and “natural state.”
ji ltar 'dod pa'i chu|A river in Majestic Trees.
ji ltar 'dod pa'i ro|A lake on Equal Peaks.
ji srid sgra sgrogs|The king of rākṣasas (a character in the Rāmāyaṇa).
ji tsam du|With the meaning of “truly, really, indeed.”
jigs sgrol|Name of Maitreya in a previous lifetime as a bodhisattva.
jo bo rje|The Bengali Buddhist master (980–1054) who came to Tibet, and whose pupils founded the Kadampa tradition.
jo nang lo tsA ba blo gros dpal|A great fourteenth century (1299–1354) Jonangpa scholar of Sanskrit and translator, student of Dolpopa, who had earlier studied at Sangphu and Sakya. He is best known for his revised translations, made with Sabzang Mati Paṇchen, of the Kālacakra tantra and Vimala prabhā.
jog po|A nāga king.
kA bI ra|A forest in Promotion.
kA ba|A river in the Deccan.
kA be rI|A river in Jambudvīpa.
kA be ri|A river in the south of Jambudvīpa.
kA ka ji gha|Dicliptera paniculata .
kA la ko|An island in the sea west of Jambudvīpa.
kA la ku Ta|A deadly poison that originated when the gods and asuras churned the oceans to create the nectar of immortality.
kA la rU pa|“Black Form.” This seems to be an epithet of Mūrdhaṭaka, one of the wrathful emanations of Mañjuśrī.
kA mA|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
kA ma rU pa|One of the two kṣetras.
kA shi mdzes ldan ma|“Beauty of Kāśi.” Princess of Vārāṇasī, child of Brahmadatta (present), who was extraordinarily beautiful and desired by six royal suitors. When her father announced she would choose her own spouse, she “chose” the Buddha, went forth, and manifested arhatship.
kA shi|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
kA shi|Country whose capital was Vārāṇasī, in the Buddha’s time it had been absorbed into Kośala. Its monarch was Brahmadatta (past).
kA shi|Ancient name for Vārāṇasī, the holy city on the banks of the Gaṅgā, this name can be applied also to the surrounding country or district. It lies in modern day Uttar Pradesh, India.
kA tyA ya na chen po|One of the great śrāvakas in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī, probably the same one that is listed among the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kA tyA ya na'i bu chen po|Name of an elder and senior disciple of Buddha Śākyamuni.
kA tyA ya na'i bu|Son of She Who Gathers and grandson of Padmagarbha, he was a highly realized monk of Buddha Śākyamuni’s order. Also rendered here as “Kātyāyanaputra.”
kA tyA ya na|Son of She Who Gathers and grandson of Padmagarbha, he was a highly realized monk of Buddha Śākyamuni’s order. Also rendered here as “Kātyāyanaputra.”
kA tyA ya na|Lit. “Descended from the Sage Kati.” One of the ten principal śrāvaka disciples of the Buddha. He was renowned for his ability to understand the Buddha’s teachings.
kA tyA'i bu chen po|Śrāvaka arhat.
kA tyA'i bu chen po|A senior disciple of the Buddha.
kA tyA'i bu chen po|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
kA tyA'i bu chen po|One of the hearers present during the delivery of the sūtra.
kA tyA'i bu chen po|One of the ten principal pupils of the Buddha. He was renowned for his ability to understand the Buddha’s teachings. Also rendered as “Kātyāyana.”
kA tyA'i bu|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
kA tyA'i bu|Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
kA tya'i bu nog can|One of the six outsider teachers.
kAr ShA pa Na|A coin of variable value, sometimes worth as little as a burnt bun and other times equal to twenty gold coins.
kAr ShA pa Na|A coin that varied in value according as to whether it was made of gold, silver, or copper. It is presumably the latter, lower-value one that is being referred to here.
kI li kI la|An esoteric deity, often included in the class of wrathful (krodha) deities.
ka Ta kaM|Strychnos potatorum.
ka Tu ka|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
ka ba dpal brtsegs|Tibetan translator (fl. late eighth–early ninth centuries).
ka che|Kashmir
ka da raM tsa|This seems to be the ancient name of Arakan, or what is now the Rakhine State in Myanmar.
ka la ping ka|A mythical Indian bird renowned for its beautiful call. Some dictionaries equate it with the Indian cuckoo (or other Indian songbirds), while other sources will attribute mythical qualities to it.
ka la ping ka|A bird said to have a song sweeter than any other. Sometimes said to refer to the avadavat, sometimes to the Indian Cuckoo, but used as a simile it is a reference that is partly mythical; the kalaviṅka is said to sing sublimely even before being hatched.
ka la ping ka|Several species of finch belonging to the genus Amandava, part of the Estrildid finch family (Estrildidae). They are renowned as songbirds, and in Tibetan texts the Sanskrit kalaviṅka was sometimes simply transliterated ka la ping ka, sometimes translated as khu byug, “cuckoo.”
ka la ping ka|Also called red avadavats, strawberry finches, and kalaviṅka sparrows. Dictionaries have erroneously identified them as cuckoos, and kalaviṅka birds outside India have evolved into a mythical half human bird. The avadavat is a significant bird in the Ganges plain and renowned for its beautiful song.
ka la ping ka|In Buddhist literature refers to a mythical bird with the head of a human and the body of a bird. The kalaviṅka’s call is said to be far more beautiful than that of all other birds and so compelling that it could be heard even before the bird has hatched. The call of the kalaviṅka is also used as an analogy to describe the voice of the Buddha.
ka la ping ka|An Indian bird renowned for its beautiful song. There is some uncertainty regarding the identity of the kalaviṅka, as some dictionaries declare it to be a type of Indian cuckoo (probably Eudynamys scolopacea, also known as the asian koel) or a red and green sparrow (possibly Amandava amandava, also known as the red avadavat). Within the Buddhist sūtras, the bird is usually linked to its pleasing or striking voice. In some cases, it has also taken on mythical characteristics, being described as part human, part bird. Here it is the sixteenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ka lam bi|Convolvulus repens, Ipomoea aquatica.
ka lan da ka gnas pa|A bamboo forest near Rājagṛha.
ka lan da ka gnas|Literally, the “Squirrel Feeding Ground.” A location within the Veṇuvana where the Buddha Śākyamuni stayed. The place received its name from the many squirrels living there, being fed by humans. It should be noted that Tibetan translations misunderstand the Sanskrit term kalandaka to be a kind of bird (Tib. {bya}).
ka lan da ka'i gnas|A place where the Buddha often resided, within the Bamboo Park (Veṇuvana) outside Rajagṛha that had been donated to him. The name is said to have arisen when, one day, King Bimbisāra fell asleep after a romantic liaison in the Bamboo Park. While the king rested, his consort wandered off. A snake (the reincarnation of the park’s previous owner, who still resented the king’s acquisition of the park) approached with malign intentions. Through the king’s tremendous merit, a gathering of kalandaka—crows or other birds according to Tibetan renderings, but some Sanskrit and Pali sources suggest flying squirrels—miraculously appeared and began squawking. Their clamor alerted the king’s consort to the danger, who rushed back and hacked the snake to pieces, thereby saving the king’s life. King Bimbisāra then named the spot Kalandakanivāpa (“Kalandakas’ Feeding Ground”), sometimes (though not in the Vinayavastu) given as Kalandakanivāpa (“Kalandakas’ Abode”) in their honor. The story is told in the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh1-17.html (Toh 1, ch.17, Degé Kangyur vol.4, folio 77.b et seq.).
ka lan da ka|A grove or forest within the Veṇuvana near Rājagṛha, where Buddha Śākyamuni spent several monsoon retreats and delivered many Great Vehicle teachings. In other texts it is known as the Kalandakanivāsa or °nivāpa, the dwelling place or feeding ground of kalandaka—crows or other birds according to Tibetan renderings, but some Sanskrit and Pali sources suggest flying squirrels.
ka ling ga'i nags tshal|A town in South India.
ka ling ga'i rgyal po|A buddha.
ka ling ka|A country.
ka ling ka|One of the two chandohas.
ka ling ka|An ancient country on the Coromandel Coast.
ka ling ka|An ancient kingdom on the eastern coast of the Indian subcontinent, roughly equivalent to the modern state of Odisha.
ka ling|An evil king.
ka ma ci|Solanum nigrum.
ka ma la gub ta|An Indian scholar who was involved in a number of translations during the eleventh century in Tibet.
ka ma la shI la|Indian Buddhist master (713–763) who came to Tibet in the late 8th century. Said to have been assassinated after a debate with the representatives of Chinese Buddhism. A later legend has him return to India and come back in another body in the eleventh century as the master Padampa Sangye.
ka ma rtsa|Solanum nigrum.
ka ma ru|Western Assam.
ka nis ka|A king of the Kushan empire in the second century ce.
ka phi na|A monk disciple of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ka phi na|A principal teacher of the monastic saṅgha during the Buddha’s lifetime. Described as pale skinned and with a prominent nose.
ka pi na chen po|Śrāvaka arhat.
ka pi na chen po|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
ka pi na chen po|Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
ka pi na|One of the disciples of the Buddha.
ka pi na|A monk disciple of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ka pi na|One of the principal disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ka pi na|A principal teacher of the monastic saṅgha during the Buddha’s lifetime.
ka pi ta'i phug|Caves on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Kanakamuni.
ka pi ta|Limonia acidissima according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
ka ra bI ra|Nerium indicum.
ka ra da|A bird of a red color whose voice has been described as like thunder or the sound of a drum.
ka ra na'i mtha' na gnas pa|An area in Kuru.
ka rti ka|Kārttikeya (alt. Skanda) is the son of Śiva and Pārvatī. Like Gaṇapati, Kārttikeya is said to lead the gaṇas in battle against demonic beings and is considered a god of war.
ka sa|The grass Saccharum spontaneum, native to Indian subcontinent.
ka shi ka nas byung ba'i gos|Cotton from Vārāṇasī, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Kashi, renowned as the best.
ka shi ka'i ras|The perennially famous silk from the north Indian city now named Vārānasī/Benares.
ka shi ka|Capital of the ancient country of Kāśi, west of Magadha and north of Kośala, where the Buddha first taught the Dharma.
ka shi ka|Ancient name for Vārāṇasī, the holy city on the banks of the Gaṅgā, this name can be applied also to the surrounding country or district. It lies in modern day Uttar Pradesh, India.
ka shi|Alternative name for the Indian city of Vārāṇasī.
ka shi|Another name for Vārāṇasī or Benares, a city known for its fine garments and embroidery.
ka shi|An ancient kingdom neighboring Kośala to the south. Its capital was present-day Benares (Vārāṇasī).
ka shi|Ancient name for Vārāṇasī, the holy city on the banks of the Gaṅgā, this name can be applied also to the surrounding country or district. It lies in modern day Uttar Pradesh, India.
ka shi|A city near Sarnath, where the Buddha gave his first sermon; this name can be applied also to the surrounding country or district. The name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “Kāśī.”
ka shi|Saccharum spontaneum. A species of tall grass, native to the Indian subcontinent, topped by beautiful long feather-like white panicles. It is used in religious ceremonies, Ayurvedic medicine, and also for making mats, roofs, and so on.
ka stu ra|Cinnamomum camphora.
ka ta ka|Strychnos potatorum; clearing nut.
ka ta mo ra ka ti sha|One of the members of a group of four monks described in the Vinaya as followers of Devadatta that attempted to create a schism in the Buddhist saṅgha.
ka ta mo ra ka ti shya|One of four cronies of Devadatta.
ka ta ya na chen mo|‟Great Kātyāyanī,” one of the eight kātyāyanī spirits.
ka ta ya na dregs ma|‟Violent Kātyāyanī,” one of the eight kātyāyanī spirits.
ka ta ya na mdzes ma|‟Radiantly Beautiful Kātyāyanī,” one of the eight kātyāyanī spirits.
ka ta ya na rgyal ba'i bzhin can ma|‟Kātyāyanī Face of Victory,” one of the eight kātyāyanī spirits.
ka ta ya na rna cha can|‟Kātyāyanī with Earrings,” one of the eight kātyāyanī spirits.
ka ta ya na zhi ba ma|‟Divine Kātyāyanī,” one of the eight kātyāyanī spirits.
ka ta ya na|Usually an epithet of the goddess Durgā, in the Bhūtaḍāmara Tantra this term refers to a class of wild and powerful female spirits.
ka ta|Strychnos potatorum; clearing nut.
ka tsa lin di ka|An epithet for softness, usually applied to cloth, and probably in reference, directly or metaphorically, to the down of the kācilindika bird. See Lamotte, Etienne. La Concentration de la Marche Héroïque. Bruxelles: Peeters (1975), p. 261, n. 321. The Mahāvyutpatti includes the term using the variant spelling kācalindika.
ka tsa lin di|An epithet for softness, probably in reference, direct or metaphorical, to the down of the kācilindika bird (see Lamotte, Etienne. La Concentration de la Marche Héroïque. Bruxelles: Peeters (1975), p261, n321).
ka tsang ga la|A woman who was the Buddha’s mother in a former life.
ka tsang ka la|A woman who, because she had previously been the Buddha’s mother for five hundred lifetimes, saw him as her son and ran to embrace him. Then, hearing the Dharma from him, she became ordained and manifested arhatship, and the Buddha declared her foremost among nuns who interpret the sūtras.
ka tyA'i bu nog can|One of the six tīrthika teachers contemporaneous with Śākyamuni. Also rendered here as “Kakuda, a descendant of Kātyāyana.”
ka tya'i bu chen po|(also Kātyāyana). Disciple of the Buddha noted for his skill in analysis of the Buddha’s discourses and, traditionally, the founder of the Abhidharma.
ka tya'i bu|One of the ten principal pupils of the Buddha. He was foremost in explaining the Dharma.
ka tya'i bu|(also Mahākātyāyana). Disciple of the Buddha noted for his skill in analysis of the Buddha’s discourses and, traditionally, the founder of the Abhidharma. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-936 .
ka ya|A member of the Śākya clan.
kaM kA laM ko|Piper cubeba florence.
kai ne ya|A clairvoyant sage who lived with five hundred devotees in the forests of the Adumā region and spent time on the banks of Lake Mandākinī. His nephew was the sage Śaila.
kam ba la|A nāga king.
kam po dzI|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa, corresponding to the northern Afghanistan
kam po|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
kar Na|A country corresponding to modern Karnataka State in India.
kar ni|Pterospermum acerifolium. Other names include bayur, muchakunda, muchalinda, and dinner-plate tree.
kar sham|A goddess, possibly the same as Mahāśvetā.
karkote mu khi|“One with the Face of Karkoṭa.” One of the eight nāga queens.
karma pa|Successive incarnations as the heads of the Karma Kagyu tradition, beginning with Dusum Khyenpa ({dus gsum mkhyen pa}, 1110–1193).
kau rab bya|(1) The king of the country of Kuru. (2) A king in the past.
kau shAM bI|An ancient city, capital of Vatsa, located down the Ganges River from Rājagṛha.
kau shAm bI|Home to a group of troublesome monks who quarreled with monks from Vaiśālī.
kau sha la|An ancient kingdom, northwest of Magadha, abutting Kāśi, whose capital was Śrāvastī. During the Buddha’s time it was ruled by King Prasenajit.
kau shi ka ma|A river on Excellence of Exquisite Intelligence.
kau shi ka'i ri|A mountain on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Krakucchanda.
kau shi ka|An epithet of the god Śakra .
kau shi ka|Alternative name of Śakra, lord of the gods.
kau shi ka|Another name of Śakra; see definition for “Śakra.”
kau shi ka|(1) A river in the east of Jambudvīpa. (2) A river in the ephemeral hell known as Red.
kau shi ka|A rishi, usually said to be identical with Viśvamati, but his son and descendants also carried this name.
kau shi ka|Another name for Indra. Kauśika, Śakra, and Indra all refer to the same god, of central importance in the Vedas, who in Buddhist cosmology is regarded as the king of gods in the realm of desire.
kauN Di nya|One of the five former spiritual friends with whom Gautama had practiced meditation before his awakening.
kauN Di nya|The court priest in the Buddha’s father’s kingdom, he predicted the Buddha’s enlightenment, and was the first of the Buddha’s pupils to become an arhat.
kauNDi nya rigs|Alternate name for “Kauṇḍinya.” Literally “of the Kauṇḍinya family.”
kauNDi nya|The court priest in the Buddha’s father’s kingdom, who predicted the Buddha’s enlightenment. He became one of the Buddha’s five companions in asceticism. They renounced him when he abandoned asceticism but after his enlightenment they became his pupils. Kauṇḍinya was the first to convert to being his pupil and was the first of his pupils to become an arhat. Also called “Kauṇḍinyagotra” and “Ājñāta kauṇḍinya.”
ke kA pi no|A land to the west of Jambudvīpa.
ke ke ru|A stone sometimes identified as cat’s eye.
ke ke ru|This stone is not a type of beryl in spite of its name. The Tibetan has adopted the Prakrit form of its name: ke ke ru. It is the third hardest gemstone. It comes in three main varieties: the eponymous yellow or green chrysoberyl; cat’s eye (cymophane), which is light green or yellow with a band of light, resembling a cat’s eye; and the third form, alexandrite, which can change color from red to green to yellow according to the light. All three kinds have been mined since ancient times, in Sri Lanka in particular.
ke na'i bu|A ṛṣi.
ke sa ra|Kesara can be the name of several species of plants.
ke sa ra|Mesua ferrea, specifically “Ceylon ironwood,” also called Indian rose chestnut, Cobra’s saffron, and nāgakesara. The flowers are large and fragrant, with four white petals and a yellow center.
ke ta ka'i dris bsgos pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
ke ta ka'i phreng ba mchog dang ldan pa|A class of vidyādharas.
ke ta ka|Pandanus odoratissimus.
ke ta ka|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
ke ta ko|A land in the south of Jambudvīpa.
ke'u wer du|A bodhisattva of the past.
keng shu ka|Butea frondosa, also known as flame of the forest; a tree with bright red flowers.
khA rA|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
kha TwAM ga|A staff with a single or three pointed tip and a freshly decapitated head, a rotting head and a skull skewered on its shaft.
kha ba 'khor ba|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
kha ba can gyi ri|Synonymous with Himavat. This “mountain” is actually the entire Himalayan range.
kha ba can|The Himalayan mountain range
kha ba can|An alternative name for the Himalayas.
kha ba can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
kha ba'i gnas|One of the two auxiliary chandohas.
kha brgya pa|The sūtra contains the only known reference to a nāga king and kinnara king who both have this name in Sanskrit. The nāga’s name was translated into Tibetan as “hundred mouths” ({kha brgya pa}), and the kinnara as “hundred faces” ({bzhin brgya pa}). Other deities with the name Śatamukha appear in Indian literature.
kha bye ba|One of the rāśis.
kha che yul|Place in northwestern India.
kha che'i yul|The northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.
kha che|A country.
kha dog byin|Father of the buddha Amogharaśmi.
kha dog bzang po'i 'od|The name of a māra in another world in the distant past.
kha dog dpag med|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Varuṇa (72 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kha dog gis brgyan pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the fourth of the thirty-two signs of a great being. This sign is not mentioned in any of the other lists of thirty-two that we have investigated.
kha dog gsum ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kha dog ldan|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
kha dog ljang lo ri|A mountain on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Kanakamuni.
kha dog med|A buddha realm.
kha dog mtha' yas pa|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
kha dog mtha' yas|A nāga king.
kha dog ngan pa|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual. In this case, a “fitting color” has equal shades of blue, yellow, and saffron while “ill-colored” means exclusively blue, yellow, or saffron.
kha dog ngur smrig|A bodhisattva who seeks a prophecy from Śākyamuni.
kha dog ran pa|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual. In this case, a “fitting color” has equal shades of blue, yellow, and saffron while “ill-colored” means exclusively blue, yellow, or saffron.
kha dog thams cad ston pa|A nāga king.
kha dog zil gyis mi non pa|Birthplace of the buddha Jitaśatru.
kha dog zil gyis mi non|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Harivaktra (992 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kha khyal pa|The seventh of the ten nonvirtuous actions (see ten nonvirtuous courses of action).
kha khyer|An architectural element similar to a pedestal.
kha la ti ka|Name of a mountain in present day Bihar, possibly at Barabar. The mention of it in this sūtra, as its setting, is the only mention at all in the Kangyur.
kha lo bsgyur ba|A great bodhisattva.
kha lo bsgyur ba|A buddha in the realm of Enduring.
kha lo sgyur ba'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
kha lo sgyur ba'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānakrama.
kha lo sgyur ba'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmaskandha.
kha lo sgyur ba'i spos|Attendant of the buddha Vibhaktatejas.
kha lo sgyur ba'i tog|Mother of the buddha Sūryānana.
kha lo sgyur bar grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokapriya.
kha lo sgyur bar grags|Attendant of the buddha Vratasthita.
kha lo sgyur ba|A bodhisattva.
kha lo sgyur ba|A buddha realm.
kha lo sgyur ba|Son of the buddha Anāvilārtha.
kha lo sgyur dga'|Mother of the buddha Jñānākara.
kha lo sgyur dga'|Father of the buddha Anantavikrāmin.
kha lo sgyur dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
kha lo sgyur|Son of the buddha Mahāsthāman.
kha lo sgyur|Son of the buddha Viśiṣṭa svarāṅga.
kha lo sgyur|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇadhvaja.
kha lo sgyur|The 295th buddha in the first list, 294th in the second list, and 294th in the third list.
kha na ma tho ba med pa'i las can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Oghajaha.
kha na ma tho ba med|Birthplace of the buddha Śīlaprabha.
kha na ma tho ba mi mnga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
kha rdzogs|Parasites that are said to live in the noses of women.
kha rno|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
kha sgyur|Son of the buddha Brahmaruta.
kha sgyur|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusuma (9) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kha sha|A country north of India.
kha sha|An alternative name for the ancient kingdom of Khotan which was located on the southern branch of the Silk Road that passed through the Tarim Basin. The kingdom, which was an important oasis and center for trade, existed during the first millennium ᴄᴇ.
kha sha|A tribe of people from the northwest of India and central Asia who were significant in ancient India and are described in the Mahābhārata as having taken part in the Kurukṣetra war on the side of the Kurus against the Paṇḍavas. The Purāṇic literature generally describes them in a negative light, as barbarians. They are often mentioned in Buddhist literature and presently maintain Khasa culture in Himachal Pradesh.
kha thur du lta ba|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its thirty-eighth week.
khaN Da dra ba bya|One of the members of a group of four monks described in the Vinaya as followers of Devadatta that attempted to create a schism in the Buddhist saṅgha.
khab kyi kha|A mountain off Videha.
khab mchu|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
khab spu can|A yakṣa general.
khab spu|A yakṣa king.
khab spu|A yakṣa usually paired with Kharakarṇa.
khal|A measure of capacity for commodities, especially barley, etc. (1 {khal} = 20 bre). See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-212 .
kham gyi zas|One of the four kinds of food.
kham gyi zas|The first of the four nourishments.
khams bco brgyad|The objects, sense faculties, and forms of consciousness that are associated with form, sound, smell, taste, touch, and mental phenomena. See also “element.”
khams bco brgyad|One way of describing experience and the world in terms of eighteen elements (eye, form, and eye consciousness; ear, sound, and ear consciousness; nose, odor, and nose consciousness; tongue, taste, and tongue consciousness; body, touch, and body consciousness; mind, mental phenomena, and mind consciousness).
khams bco brgyad|The eighteen sensory elements, as listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-151 , comprise (1) the sensory element of the eyes, (2) the sensory element of sights, and (3) the sensory element of visual consciousness; (4) the sensory element of the ears, (5) the sensory element of sounds, and (6) the sensory element of auditory consciousness; (7) the sensory element of the nose, (8) the sensory element of odors, and (9) the sensory element of olfactory consciousness; (10) the sensory element of the tongue, (11) the sensory element of tastes, and (12) the sensory element of gustatory consciousness; (13) the sensory element of the body, (14) the sensory element of tangibles, and (15) the sensory element of tactile consciousness; and (16) the sensory element of the mental faculty, (17) the sensory element of mental phenomena, and (18) the sensory element of mental consciousness.
khams bco brgyad|Eighteen collections of similar dharmas under which all coproduced and unproduced dharmas may be included: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and thought, plus their objects—visible forms, sounds, smells, flavors, tangibles, and dharmas—plus the consciousnesses corresponding to each of the first six. The eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and thought are the basis for the arising of consciousness, though here there is the technical sense of a prior moment in any of the six consciousnesses. The first five consciousnesses depend on the five sense faculties as their basis, while the basis for the thought consciousness can be any of the six consciousnesses but not a sense faculty. Hence thought is classified among the dhātus (“elements”) in the section meant to offer a complete list of the possible bases of consciousness, i.e., what is most frequently listed as the second set of six elements.\nThe term dhātu is explained as having the sense of an ore (gotra), like a mineral ore, hence a point of origin (ākara). The bases are the points of origin for the arising of similar dharmas. The Nibandhana commentary on Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings explains that the order of enumeration of the eighteen bases can be explained in terms of the specific way in which different sense faculties operate within their domains or in terms of the placement (from higher to lower) of the eye faculty, the ear faculty, and so forth. The Abhidharmakośa https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html explains that the teaching of the bases is for those who are of weaker abilities, since it is very detailed; it is for those who prefer special insight meditation (vipaśyanā), because it contains extensive analysis; and it counteracts a delusion of “self” that is evenly distributed between sentient and nonsentient elements, since the eighteen bases offer an analysis both of form and of mind and mental derivatives.
khams bcwa brgyad|The eighteen constituents through which sensory experience is produced: the six sense faculties (indriya); the six corresponding sense objects (ālambana); and the six sensory consciousnesses (vijñāna).\nWhen grouped these are: the eye constituent, form constituent, and eye consciousness constituent; the ear constituent, sound constituent, and ear consciousness constituent; the nose constituent, smell constituent, and nose consciousness constituent; the tongue constituent, taste constituent, and tongue consciousness constituent; the body constituent, touch constituent, and body consciousness constituent; the thinking-mind constituent, dharma constituent, and thinking-mind consciousness constituent.\nSee also “constituents.”
khams bcwa brgyad|Eighteen collections of similar dharmas under which all coproduced and unproduced dharmas may be included: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and thought, plus their objects—visible forms, sounds, smells, flavors, tangibles, and dharmas—plus the consciousnesses corresponding to each of the first six. The eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and thought are the basis for the arising of consciousness, though here there is the technical sense of a prior moment in any of the six consciousnesses. The first five consciousnesses depend on the five sense faculties as their basis, while the basis for the thought consciousness can be any of the six consciousnesses but not a sense faculty. Hence thought is classified among the dhātus (“elements”) in the section meant to offer a complete list of the possible bases of consciousness, i.e., what is most frequently listed as the second set of six elements.\nThe term dhātu is explained as having the sense of an ore (gotra), like a mineral ore, hence a point of origin (ākara). The bases are the points of origin for the arising of similar dharmas. The Nibandhana commentary on Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings explains that the order of enumeration of the eighteen bases can be explained in terms of the specific way in which different sense faculties operate within their domains or in terms of the placement (from higher to lower) of the eye faculty, the ear faculty, and so forth. The Abhidharmakośa explains that the teaching of the bases is for those who are of weaker abilities, since it is very detailed; it is for those who prefer special insight meditation (vipaśyanā), because it contains extensive analysis; and it counteracts a delusion of “self” that is evenly distributed between sentient and nonsentient elements, since the eighteen bases offer an analysis both of form and of mind and mental derivatives.
khams bzhi|The four elements—earth, water, fire, and wind—that make up all physical objects, including the body.
khams bzhi|The four “great” outer elements (mahābhūta, {'byung ba chen po}): earth, water, fire, and air. See also “element.”
khams chen po|A region in South India.
khams dang ldan pa|An island beyond Videha.
khams drug|The usual four—earth, water, fire, and air—plus space and consciousness.
khams gsum dag gi mchod gnas|The 800th buddha in the first list, 799th in the second list, and 789th in the third list.
khams gsum gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
khams gsum pa|The desire realm, form realm, and formless realm.
khams gsum pa|The formless realm, the form realm, and the desire realm, comprised of thirty-one planes of existence in Buddhist cosmology.
khams gsum pa|(1) The desire realm (kāmadhātu, {'dod khams}), (2) the form realm (rūpadhātu, {gzugs khams}), and (3) the formless realm (arūpyadhātu, {gzugs med khams}).
khams gsum rnam par gnon pa|A bodhisattva.
khams gsum|The formless realm, the form realm, and the desire realm comprising the thirty-one planes of existence in Buddhist cosmology.
khams gsum|The three realms that contain all the various kinds of existence in saṃsāra: the desire realm, the form realm, and the formless realm.
khams gsum|The three worlds or realms of which all universes are composed: of desire (kāmadhātu), of pure matter (rūpadhātu), and the immaterial realm (ārūpyadhātu).
khams gsum|Usually synonymous with the three realms of desire, form, and formlessness. Sometimes it means the realms of devas above, humans on the ground, and nāgas below ground.
khams gsum|The three worlds are the desire realm (kāmadhātu, {'dod khams}), the form realm (rūpadhātu, {gzugs khams}) and the formless realm (ārūpyadhātu, {gzugs med khams}). These three worlds include all of saṃsāra.
khams gsum|The three realms are the desire realm (kāmadhātu, {'dod khams}), form realm (rūpadhātu, {gzugs khams}) and the formless realm (ārūpyadhātu, {gzugs med khams}), i.e., the three worlds that make up saṃsāra. The first is composed of the six sorts of beings (gods, asuras, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings), whereas the latter two are only realms of gods and are thus higher, more ethereal states of saṃsāra. See also three realms of existence.
khams kyi rang bzhin gsum|Desire, anger, and delusion: as a collective term for this common set of the three basic kleśas, this appears to be unique to this sūtra.
khams pa lo tsA wa ba ri chos grags|Ca. eleventh century; a Tibetan translator who translated ninety-three sādhanas that are grouped together under his name in the Tibetan canon.
khams pa lo tsA wa ba ri chos grags|1040–11; the Tibetan translator and second throne-holding Sakya heirarch, also known as Bari Lotsāwa or Rinchen Drak ({rin chen grags}) who, along with this and many other texts, also translated ninety-three sādhanas that are grouped together under his name in the Tengyur.
khams rnam pa bzhi po|Earth, water, fire, and wind. Also called “four great elements.”
khams rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
khams|One way of describing experience and the world in terms of eighteen elements (eye and form, ear and sound, nose and odor, tongue and taste, body and physical objects, and mind and mental objects, to which the six consciousnesses are added). It can also refer to the four elements of earth, water, fire, and wind, or the six elements when space and consciousness are included with those four.
khams|The list of dhātus in the sense of “elements” comprises the four great elements (see “great elements”) of earth, water, heat, and wind, plus space and consciousness, and is a list specifically designed to describe the assemblage of conditions that makes it possible for a new moment of consciousness to arise after the last moment of consciousness at death, i.e., it is meant to explain the process of rebirth.
khams|Often translated “element,” commonly in the context of the eighteen elements of sensory experience (the six sense faculties, their six respective objects, and the six sensory consciousnesses), although the term has a wide range of other meanings. Along with the aggregates (Skt. skandha) and the sense bases (Skt. āyatana), one of the three major categories in the taxonomy of phenomena in the sūtra literature.
khams|One way of describing experience and the world in terms of eighteen elements: eye, form, and eye consciousness; ear, sound, and ear consciousness; nose, odor, and nose consciousness; tongue, taste, and tongue consciousness; body, touch, and body consciousness; mind, mental objects, and mind consciousness. These eighteen cognitive elements are listed in The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-151.
khams|In the context of epistemology, it is one way of describing experience and the world in terms of eighteen elements (eye, form, and eye consciousness; ear, sound, and ear consciousness; nose, odor, and nose consciousness; tongue, taste, and tongue consciousness; body, touch, and body consciousness; mind, mental phenomena, and mind consciousness).\nThese also refer to the elements of the physical world, which can be enumerated as four, five, or six elements. The four elements are earth, water, fire, and air. A fifth, space, is often added. The six elements are earth, water, fire, air, space, and consciousness.
khams|Depending on the context, may translate either: (a) Skt. mahābhūta, Tib. {'byung ba chen po}, the four “main” or “great” outer elements of earth, water, fire, air, and (when there is a fifth) space; or: (b) Skt. dhātu, Tib. khams, the “eighteen elements” introduce, in the context of the aggregates, elements, and sense-media, the same six pairs as the twelve sense-media, as elements of experience, adding a third member to each set: the element of consciousness (vijñāna), or sense. Hence the first pair gives the triad eye-element (caksur dhātu), form-element (rūpadhātu), and eye-consciousness-element, or eye-sense-element (caksur vijñāna dhātu)—and so on with the other five, noting the last, mind-element (manodhātu), phenomena-element (dharma dhātu), and mental-sense-element (mano vijñāna dhātu).
khan da ba yi tshal|A forest that is burned to the ground by Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna in the conclusion to the first book (ādiparvan) of the Mahā bhārata.
khan da drab bya|One of four cronies of Devadatta.
khang brtsegs|The Sanskrit term vimāna can refer to a multi-storied mansion or palace, or even an estate, but is more often used in the sense of a celestial chariot of the gods, sometimes taking the form of a multi-storied palace; hence the Tibetan translation, {khang brtsegs}, literally “storied house.”
khang bu stong|Refers to Encircled by a Thousand Houses in Ornament of the Mind.
khang bzangs 'dzeg|A prince; a previous life of the buddha Śāntagati (701 according to the third enumeraiton).
khang bzangs dkrigs pa|A pleasure grove in Shaded by Garlands.
khang bzangs kyi phreng ba|A realm in which Musulundha resides.
khang bzangs rab tu dga' bar gnas pa|A mansion in Sudharma.
khang bzangs rnam par rgyal byed|The palace or meeting-hall of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-three.
khang bzangs|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual. Also estate.
khang khyim can|The hamlet from which Maitreya comes.
khang ldan|The modern-day Rāptīnadī. L. Chandra gives Ajiravatī for the Tib. {khyams ldan}.
khang pa brtsegs pa'i gnas|A hall near Vaiśālī where the Buddha frequently stayed.
khang pa brtsegs pa'i tshal|A park in Tamer of Madness.
khang pa brtsegs pa|A seaside town in South India.
khang pa brtsegs pa|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual. Also, terraced cottage, tower, pavilion, penthouse, etc.
khang pa brtsegs pa|An important early monastery outside of Vaiśālī. The name Kūṭāgāraśālā means “hall with an upper chamber.” It refers to a temple with one ground-floor room and at least one additional upper room within the structure.
khang pa brtsegs pa|Distinctive Indian assembly hall or temple with one ground-floor room and a high ornamental roof, either a barrel shape with apses or, more usually, a tapering roof as a tower dome or spire, containing at least one additional upper room within the structure. Kūṭāgāra literally means “upper chamber” and is short for kūṭāgāraśala (“hall with an upper chamber or chambers”). The Mahābodhi Temple in Bodhgaya is an example of a kūṭāgāra.
khang pa sde|A buddha.
khang pa|A buddha realm.
khang pa|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
khardzu ra|Phoenix sylvestre Roxb.
khas spub|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
khengs med|Son of the buddha Abhyudgata.
khengs med|A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 771st in the third list.
khengs med|The 486th buddha in the first list, 485th in the second list, and 479th in the third list.
khengs pa med pa'i blo|Father of the buddha Madaprahīṇa.
khong khro ba|In Sanskrit, the term is almost synonymous with dveṣa (see “aversion”), but in Tibetan is differentiated following Mahāvyutpatti S. 1945. The present text contains this particular term’s widely quoted canonical gloss. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-046-002.html#UT22084-046-002-173 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-046-002.html#UT22084-046-002-547 .
khor ba 'jig|The first buddha of our eon; the fifth buddha of the “seven generations of buddhas” ({sangs rgyas rab bdun}); there are variants of the Sanskrit (Kakutsunda, Kukucchanda) and the Tibetan {log pa da sel} seems to refer to the same buddha.
khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|Monarch ruling over the four continents of human beings.
khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|A king who rules over at least one continent and gains his territory by the rolling of his magic wheel over the land. He is therefore called a king with the revolving wheel. This is the result of the merit he has accumulated in previous lifetimes. He is often portrayed as the secular counterpart to a buddha.
khor mor 'jigs|Also known as Benares, the oldest city of northeast India in the Gangetic plain. It was once the capital of its own small kingdom and was known by various names. It was an important religious center, as well as a major city in India, even during the time of the Buddha. The name may derive from being where the Varuna and Assi rivers flow into the Ganges.
khor yug chen po|Name of a mountain range in Buddhist cosmology.
khor yug chen po|Name of a god who personifies a mountain of this name. See Cakravāḍa.
khor yug chen po|A ring of mountains marking the circumference of the world in ancient Buddhist cosmology.
khor yug chen po|Means “Great Periphery.” Name of mountain range that surrounds the world according to Buddhist cosmology.
khor yug chen po|This appears to refer to the great circles of mountains that enclose a thousand worlds, each with its own Cakravāla.
khor yug chen po|“Great Cakravāla,” an epithet for the ring of mountains forming the periphery of a world system in Buddhist cosmology.
khor yug gi rnam pa|An ocean beyond Videha.
khor yug|A mountain in this sūtra and many others; but, in systematized Buddhist cosmology, the name of the ring of mountains that surrounds the world.
khor yug|In Buddhist cosmology, this is commonly described as the outer ring of mountains at the edge of the flat disk that is the world, with Mount Sumeru in the center.
khor yug|God personifying the ring of mountains surrounding the ocean that encompasses the four continents; the horizontal edge of the world in traditional Buddhist cosmology.
khor yug|“Circular mass.” In this sūtra it is the name of the outer ring of mountains at the edge of the flat disk that is the world, with Sumeru in the center. However, it is also used to mean the entire disk and the paradises above it. There is also a system where it is the eighth mountain range encircling Sumeru within the ocean.
khor yug|In Buddhist cosmology this mountain range forms an outer ring at the edge of the flat disk that is the world. These mountains prevent the ocean from overflowing. In other contexts this name can refer to the entire disk of the world, the paradises above it, or, as in the Kṣiti garbha Sūtra, to a mountain that contains the hells, also known as the Vaḍaba submarine mountain of fire.
khor yug|“Circular Mass.” There are at least four interpretations of what this name refers to. In the Kṣiti garbha Sūtra it is a mountain that contains the hells. It is also equivalent to the Vaḍaba submarine mountain of fire, which is also said to be the entrance to the hells. The term cakravāla is also used to mean “the entire disk of a world,” including Meru and the paradises above it. More commonly, as in this sūtra, it is the name of the outer ring of mountains at the edge of the flat disk of a world, with Sumeru in the center. Yet it is has the nature of heat, like the Mountain Vaḍaba, in that the heat of the ring of mountains evaporates the ocean so that it does not overflow. Also called Cakravāḍa.
khra bo 'dul|A village.
khrag 'thung ba|A type of bloodthirsty, charnel ground-dwelling being considered threatening to people and practitioners. In the higher classes of Buddhist tantra, the central deity of many maṇḍalas takes the form of a heruka.
khrag 'thung|The wrathful buddha personifying the true nature of all forms and all the sensory fields and elements; a wrathful deity of the vīra type; also an epithet applied to some wrathful deities, especially Hevajra and Saṃvara.
khrag dang rkang za ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
khrag dang zhag za ba|Alternative name for Consuming Blood and Marrow, which is one of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
khrag nad|Illnesses that may be considered an impediment to ordination\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
khrel yod bzang po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Netra (470 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
khrel yod|A mental state that induces one to avoid immoral behavior out of concern for what others will think or say about oneself if one misbehaves.
khrel|One of the eleven virtuous mental factors (Tib. {sems byung dge ba}; Skt. kuśalacaitta), a subgroup of the mental states or factors associated with the mind (Skt. caitasika, caitta), according to the Abhidharma. According to Vasubandhu (in his Pañcaskandhaka), {khrel} (“embarrassment” or “shame”) is different from {ngo tsha} (“scruples,” “conscience”) in that it is independent from others’ judgment of one’s behavior, and solely internal, in that it contradicts one’s internalized values. See “guilty conscience.”
khre|Panicum italicum.
khri lde gtsug brtsan|King of Tibet (704–754 ce).
khri ral pa can|Considered to be the third great Dharma king of Tibet, he was the grandson of Trisong Detsen and reigned from 815 to 838 or 841. His reign saw the expansion of Tibet’s political dominion to its greatest extent, and a significant continuation of the “early period” of imperially sponsored text translation, the end of which is traditionally marked by the end of his reign.
khri srong lde btsan|King of Tibet (r. 742–98 ce) under whose auspices the first Buddhist monastery was established and a decades-long program of the translation of Buddhist texts commenced.
khri srong lde btsan|King of Tibet who reigned circa 742/55–798/804 ᴄᴇ. It was during his reign that the “early period” of imperially sponsored text translation gathered momentum, as the Buddhist teachings gained widespread acceptance in Tibet.
khri srong lde'u btsan|Considered to be the second great Dharma king of Tibet, he is thought to have been born in 742, and to have reigned from 754 until his death in 797 or 799. It was during his reign that the “early period” of imperially sponsored text translation gathered momentum, as the Buddhist teachings gained widespread acceptance in Tibet.
khri stan bzang po|Sixty-third of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
khri'u brtsegs|A mendicant who is converted by the Buddha. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2054 .
khrig pa'i chos|This refers to the habit of copulation, called a dharma perhaps as it is a property/feature that belongs to those who copulate, or in the sense of something that is one’s course of behavior.
khro 'joms|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jitaśatru (828 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
khro ba bcom|The 653rd buddha in the first list, 652nd in the second list, and 644th in the third list.
khro ba bral ba|A nāga who visits Saṅkāśa Mountain.
khro bo chen po lcags kyu|A goddess associated with Amoghapāśa.
khro bo chen po'i nang spyod|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
khro bo chen po|One of the epithets of Bhūtaḍāmara.
khro bo chen po|“Great wrath.” This seems to be a synonym of vidyārāja.
khro bo chen po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi; an epithet of Yamāntaka; an epithet of Yamāri; the name of a boar-faced emanation of Mañjuśrī.
khro bo chol pa|A wrathful deity.
khro bo don yod pa'i rgyal po|Another paraphrase of the name Amogha krodha rāja, usually referred to simply as Krodharāja.
khro bo don yod pa'i zhags pa|Amogha pāśa krodha is another paraphrase of the name of Krodharāja as the wrathful form of Amoghapāśa (Amogha pāśa-Krodha rāja). When the name refers specifically to the deity’s mantra, it has been translated as “Wrathful Amoghapāśa.”
khro bo lcags kyu|One of the wrathful emanations of Amoghapāśa.
khro bo med pa|A householder.
khro bo rnam par rgyal ba|An epithet of a wrathful form of Vajrapāṇi.
khro bo thams cad|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
khro bo zhags pa|Another name of Krodhāṅkuśa.
khro bo'i lcags kyu|One of the wrathful emanations of Amoghapāśa.
khro bo'i rgyal po chen po|An epithet of Yamāntaka; also the namesake mantra. The name is also written in this translation as “Lord of Great Wrath.”
khro bo'i rgyal po don yod lcags kyu|Seems to be an elaboration of the name Krodhāṅkuśa.
khro bo'i rgyal po|Epithet of Yamāntaka; also the namesake mantra.
khro bo'i rgyal po|“Lord of Wrath,” usually an epithet of Vajrapāṇi but also applied to other wrathful deities, such as the wrathful lords of the four families—tathāgata, lotus, jewel, and vajra. In the AP it is mainly used to refer to the wrathful aspect of Amoghapāśa; in this sense he is called, on at least one occasion, Amogha krodha rāja.
khro bo|One of the epithets of Bhūtaḍāmara.
khro bo|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
khro bo|“Wrath,” an epithet of some wrathful male deities, such as Vajrapāṇi.
khro bo|A wrathful deity, usually on the sambhogakāya level; appears to be synonymous with krodharāja or mahākrodha.
khro gnyer bzhin|A Buddhist goddess emanating from Tārā.
khro gnyer can|A vidyā queen (vidyārājñī).
khro gnyer can|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
khro gnyer can|Along with Tārā, a female deity visualized in the sādhana of Lavaṇāmbha.
khro gnyer can|According to Tibetan historical sources, the Nepalese princess who married the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo. She is believed to have arrived in Tibet in either 632 or 634.
khro gnyer gdong|A mahoraga lord.
khro gnyer ma|One of the deified female bodhisattvas; one of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
khro gnyer mig zur can|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
khro gnyer|A Buddhist goddess emanating from Tārā.
khro med|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
khro rgyal chen po|“Lord of wrath.” In the MMK this term seems to refer in some cases to a whole class of divine beings, which can perhaps be regarded as the wrathful vidyārājas. “Lord of Wrath” elsewhere is an epithet of Yamāntaka.
khron pa byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāyaśas.
khron pa can|A village.
khros can|Son of the buddha Tiṣya.
khros chen|One of the wrathful deities.
khru gang|A measure of length; also, an angular cubit is the measure of angular distance equal to about 2 degrees.
khrugs pa med par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharma pradīpākṣa.
khrugs pa med par gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ugratejas.
khrul 'khor|A sacred diagram that is drawn or constructed for ritual use. The Sanskrit word is derived from the Sanskrit root √yam, “to control.”
khrul pa med pa'i mthu rtsal|The name of a bodhisattva. “Unerring Power.”
khrums smad|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Gamma Pegasi in the occidental tradition.
khrums stod|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Alpha Pegasi in the occidental tradition.
khrung khrung nga ro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gaṇin.
khrus byed pa|A brahmin priest who has completed his apprenticeship, and undergone a ritual ablution to mark his graduation.
khrus kyi rdzing bu'i phreng ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
khrus|A village.
khru|A measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger.
khu ba|The word śukra may also refer to the female sexual fluid.
khu byug gi kun dga' ra ba|One of four parks that surround the city of Radiant.
khu byug gis gang ba'i sgra dbyangs dang ldan pa|A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa.
khu byug|Several species of finch belonging to the genus Amandava, part of the Estrildid finch family (Estrildidae). They are renowned as songbirds, and in Tibetan texts the Sanskrit kalaviṅka was sometimes simply transliterated ka la ping ka, sometimes translated as khu byug, “cuckoo.”
khum|Attendant of the buddha Śaśivaktra.
khung med|Father of the buddha Sūrata.
khur ba dang skyo ma|The Sanskrit term can refer any kind of soup or broth, but especially those made with peas, lentils, etc., with salt and flavoring. The Tibetan appears to have used two words to cover the range of meaning: the obscure {khur ba}, which, according to the Mahāvyutpatti, is the equivalent of the Sanskrit maṇḍa, though that refers to the scum from boiled rice, and {skyo ma}, which is a soup or broth made with flour and water.
khur bor|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhagati (803 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
khur drang mo|One of the eight nāga ladies.
khur gyis dub pa|A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
khur stobs can|Father of the buddha Creator.
khwa dang 'dra ba'i shing u dum bA ra|Ficus oppositifolia.
khwa spungs|A mountain in the hell called Wailer.
khwa'i chu rdo rje lta bu|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
khyab 'jug 'dzin ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
khyab 'jug bdag po|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK; a king identified as the Vākāṭaka emperor Pravarasena Viṣṇuvṛddha.
khyab 'jug blo gros|A king.
khyab 'jug dga' ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
khyab 'jug gi byin|A brahmin.
khyab 'jug ma|One of the great mātṛs.
khyab 'jug|A householder and magistrate of King Diśāṃpati of Pāṁśula. Father of Guardian of the Flame Govinda.
khyab 'jug|Short form of “Guardian of the Flame Govinda.”\nNot to be confused with his father the householder Govinda.
khyab 'jug|The preserver of the universe. He is part of the Hindu triad of gods, with Brahmā the creator and Śiva the destroyer.
khyab 'jug|One of the primary gods of the Brahmanical tradition, he is associated with the preservation and continuance of the universe.
khyab 'jug|One of the primary gods of Hinduism, associated with the preservation and continuance of the universe, held by many as a supreme being.
khyab 'jug|One of the central gods in the Hindu pantheon today. He had not yet risen to an important status during the Buddha’s lifetime and only developed his own significant following in the early years of the common era. Vaishnavism developed the theory of ten emanations, or avatars, the ninth being the Buddha. His emanation as a dwarf plays an important role in this sūtra. The Sanskrit etymology of the name is uncertain, but it was already in use in the Vedas, where he is a minor deity, and has been glossed as “one who enters (everywhere).”
khyab bdag|An epithet of Indra.
khyab byed|One of the five vital airs, diffused throughout the entire body.
khyad 'phags snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Viśiṣṭa svarāṅga.
khyad 'phags|Attendant of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
khyad par 'phags pa|A buddha of the past.
khyad par 'phags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anuddhata.
khyad par 'phags|A bodhisattva.
khyad par 'phags|Father of the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.
khyad par 'phags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Durjaya.
khyad par blo gros|Name of a bodhisattva.
khyad par blo gros|The name of a bodhisattva.
khyad par blo gros|One of eight prince brothers in the distant past. Also the name of one of “the sixteen excellent men.”
khyad par blo gros|(1) One of the sixteen bodhisattvas attending this teaching in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni. (2) A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Thus-Gone One Bhaiṣajyarāja who went to meet the Thus-Gone One Samantaraśmi and became the bodhisattva and brahmin householder Samavartin.
khyad par bsdus pa|The realm of the Buddha Nārāyaṇa.
khyad par byin|A great bodhisattva.
khyad par can gyi rigs|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
khyad par dga' ba|The third of the four types of joy.
khyad par dga'|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
khyad par du 'gro ba|A great bodhisattva.
khyad par du 'gro ba|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
khyad par du 'phags pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ṛṣideva.
khyad par gyi spyod pa|A monk who has received a punitive act, a probation and penance, must accept a probation that involves rejecting the honors accorded to observant monks and adopting a position of deference.
khyad par gyi yon tan bkod pa bsdus pa|The realm of the Buddha Divine King of Brahmā’s Splendor
khyad par gyis 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
khyad par sems|A king in the distant past.
khyad par sems|Son of the buddha Sundarapārśva.
khyad par sems|Attendant of the buddha Janendra.
khyad par sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhavāntadarśin (128 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
khyad par sems|Literally “Distinctive Thinker.” A great bodhisattva who is the main interlocutor in this discourse. Also referred to as Brahmaviśeṣacintin and Mahābrahmaviśeṣacintin in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh160.html (Brahmaviśeṣacintiparipṛcchā, Toh 160).
khyad par sgra|One of the kinnara kings.
khyad par thob|Mother of the buddha Anuddhata.
khye'u mchog|Father of the buddha Ratnottama.
khye'u|Sixty-eighth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
khyi 'tshed|An outcaste tribe.
khyi gdong ma|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
khyi rngo|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination. According to Monier-Williams, any cutaneous disease.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
khyim 'bigs rkun po|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
khyim 'tshig|A nāga king.
khyim bdag gi rigs|A subdivision of the vaiśya (mercantile) class of traditional Indian society.
khyim bdag gi rigs|Not one of the normal four “castes” of Indian society, but presumably here a term referring to nonmonastics.
khyim bdag gis byin|A nāga king.
khyim bdag rin po che|One among the seven treasures of a universal emperor.
khyim bdag rin po che|One of the seven precious treasures of a wheel-turning emperor.
khyim bdag rin po che|One of the seven treasures of the cakravartin king. See also Toh 95, The Play in Full, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-102. See also Toh 4087, the Kāraṇa prajñapti, folio 124.b.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4087.html
khyim bdag|Someone who is not a renunciant.
khyim bdag|Not one of the normal four “castes” of Indian society, but presumably here a term referring to nonmonastics.
khyim bdag|The term “householder” is usually used for wealthy lay patrons of the Buddhist community. It also refers to a subdivision of the vaiśya (mercantile) class of traditional Indian society, comprising businessmen, merchants, landowners, and so on.
khyim bya ba'i kun dga' ra ba|A garden frequented by Devadatta and his followers.
khyim gyi lha|One of the two melāpakas.
khyim ldan|A river.
khyim ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
khyim rgyas|The name of an eon in which the Buddha King of Splendor with Many Glorious Appearances resides.
khyim|Literally “heap,” it also means a zodiac sign; in the MMK the meaning extends to cover other categories grouped together with the zodiac constellations.
khyogs kyi khang bu yangs pa|A park in Moving in the Stream.
khyogs kyi khang bu|Refers to Spacious Palanquin Houses.
khyu mchog bzang po|One of the kings of Nepal.
khyu mchog dpag med|A buddha.
khyu mchog gi dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
khyu mchog lha|A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
khyu mchog mig mthong 'gros|Mother of the buddha Sukrama.
khyu mchog mtha' yas rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
khyu mchog mtha' yas sangs rgyas kyi me tog kun tu ston pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
khyu mchog mtha' yas|A buddha.
khyu mchog rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
khyu mchog|A buddha.
khyu mchog|A great bodhisattva.
khyu mchog|The 468th buddha in the first list, 467th in the second list, and 461st in the third list.
khyu mchog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; a legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
khyu mchog|A bull. Also the second zodiac sign, vṛṣabha, which corresponds to Taurus. Both vṛṣabha and ṛṣabha can be used as respectful epithets implying preeminence, usually in phrases such as “a bull among men” (a frequent epithet of the Buddha), “a bull among sages,” and the like. Here, the bull is the twenty-ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
khyu nyid|This possibly is another name of Govinda (according to Jayaswal 1934, p. 30), of Maṅgala.
khyung|A class of semi-divine bird-like beings.
khyung|A supernatural being that is a gigantic bird with humanoid features.
khyung|One of the races of supernatural beings said to come to listen to the Buddha’s teachings; it is a bird with humanoid features, gigantic in size.
khyung|Lower class of divine beings described as eagle-type birds with gigantic wingspans. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are said to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth.
khyung|A mythical bird normally depicted with a sharp, owl-like beak, often holding a snake, and with large and powerful wings. In Buddhism, the symbolism of the garuḍa is generally‌ associated with pristine cognition (it is said that the garuḍa can fly as soon as it is hatched) and with the consuming of afflicted mental states (the holding of a snake in its beak).
ki lI kI la|A yakṣa appearing in some of the paintings of Amoghapāśa. Also described as “great vajravināyaka” and “great king.” Kelikila is also associated with Śiva and referred to by the name Mahākelikila.
ki lI ki lI|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa. Kelikilī appears to be a variant of the name Kelikilā, identified by multiple lexicographers as Rati, the wife of Kāmadeva.
ki lI ki la|A yakṣa appearing in some of the paintings of Amoghapāśa. Also described as “great vajravināyaka” and “great king.” Kelikila is also associated with Śiva and referred to by the name Mahākelikila.
ki'u lang|An image of the Buddha.
kib pa la|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kim pa ka|A fruit that is attractive to behold and has a delicious taste, but is poisonous when eaten.
kim pa la|A type of cymbal.
kim pa la|A musical instrument, of an unidentified kind though sometimes translated “cymbals.”
kim pi la|A disciple of the Buddha.
kim pi la|(1) A village. (2) A forest near the village of Kimpilā.
kin du|A brahmin mentioned in connection with what is likely a story of a past life of the Buddha.
king shu ka|Butea frondosa, also known as flame of the forest; a tree with bright red flowers.
kla klo|One of the lower social classes that are outside, and beneath, the four castes.
kla klo|An inhabitant of an uncivilized borderland where the Dharma has not been propagated.
kla klo|This somewhat vague term is applied to people and societies outside the brahmanical fold, i.e., foreigners, indigenous tribal groups, etc. The term is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “barbarian.”
klog gi slob dpon|A monk who teaches another to recite even a single verse. One of five types of instructors named by the Buddha when asked to elaborate on the role of an instructor.
klog tshogs phreng ldan ma|A goddess.
klong|A virtuous nāga king.
klu 'dab bzangs kyi gdon|The Sanskrit term suparṇī in nāga suparṇī graha, translated by the Tibetan term {'dab bzang}, literally means “fine-winged” or “beautiful-leaved.” While this can be an epithet for the mythical garuḍa bird, here it seems to simply describe a general characteristic of the nāga.
klu 'od ma|Mother of the buddha Marutskandha.
klu 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Arciskandha.
klu chen po brgyad po|This list of eight nāgas is probably unique to this sūtra. They are Tawny, Scent, Watery, Wrathful, Staircase to Heaven, Staircase to a Vase, Nearby Nāga, and Oḍasuta.
klu chen po|This term, meaning “elephant” in this context‌, is a metaphor, suggesting that those present in the assembly were leaders of considerable stature rather than followers.
klu chen rnam par rol mdzad ma|A goddess.
klu chen|A deity.
klu chen|Attendant of the buddha Balanandin.
klu dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Melody of Lions.
klu dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Nāgadatta.
klu dbang gi rgyal po|A buddha in a southeastern realm.
klu dbang gi rgyal po|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
klu dbang grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Marutskandha.
klu dbang|A class of celestial beings.
klu dbyangs nga ro|Father of the buddha Varuṇa.
klu dbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Varuṇa.
klu dbyangs|The 958th buddha in the first list, 957th in the second list, and 948th in the third list.
klu dga' stobs|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu dga'|A householder in this sūtra.
klu dga'|The 165th buddha in the first list, 164th in the second list, and 164th in the third list.
klu dpa'|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu dpal|Mother of the buddha Varuṇa.
klu dpal|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu grub|Indian commentator (fl. second century).
klu khyer|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu lag ma|Mother of the buddha Puṇyabāhu.
klu lha|The name of a king who reigned over the peaceful, flourishing city Ayodhyā before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu mchog|Son of the buddha Varuṇa.
klu mgo|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu mo brgyad po|This list of eight nāga ladies may be unique to this sūtra. They are Darkness, Eager to Leave, Seer, Cool, Load Carrying, Speech Strewing, Universal Army, and Gandharva Lady.
klu mo|A female nāga.
klu mthar byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
klu rigs sgron ma|A tathāgata in Jambudvīpa in a past eon.
klu rnam 'jig|One of the garuḍa kings.
klu sbyin|The 58th buddha in the first list, 58th in the second list, and 59th in the third list.
klu sde|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu sgrub|A Indian author who presumably lived in the ninth century or later. He composed two practices of Tārā preserved in the Degé Tengyur.
klu sgrub|Saint, scholar, and mystic of Buddhist India from about four hundred years after the Buddha; discoverer of the Mahāyāna sūtras and author of the fundamental Madhyamaka treatise.
klu sgrub|Second- or third-century Indian master whose writings formed the basis for the Madhyamaka tradition. In following centuries there were other masters and authors of the same name, and in Tibet all their works became attributed to one person.
klu shing gi me tog|Mesua roxburghii. The Sanskrit literally translates as “nāga flowers.”
klu shing|A species of euphorbia used in burnt offerings to get rid of nāga influences.
klu spos|Son of the buddha Toṣaṇa.
klu stobs|Father of the buddha Siṃhabala.
klu yi 'od ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaruta (466 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
klu yi 'od|The 163rd buddha in the first list, 162nd in the second list, and 162nd in the third list.
klu yi dbyangs|Mother of the buddha Nāgaruta.
klu yi lag|The 170th buddha in the first list, 169th in the second list, and 169th in the third list.
klu yi lha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnāgni (385 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
klu yi sde|One of the ancient dynasties in Madhyadeśa.
klu yis 'jigs pa med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Marutpūjita.
klu yis byin pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Āryastuta (874 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
klu'i bdag po khyim blo can|Attendant of the buddha Sthitagandha.
klu'i bdag po|A lord among the nāga.
klu'i be ruH|A lake on Equal Peaks.
klu'i bu mo mngon par dga' ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
klu'i bu mo|A female nāga.
klu'i chu|A river on Great Slope.
klu'i dbang phyug rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Honey.
klu'i dbang po'i gtsug phud|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
klu'i dbang po'i gtsug pud|A bodhisattva.
klu'i dbang po|Tibetan translator active during the late eight- and early ninth-centuries. One of the first seven Tibetans to take monastic ordination.
klu'i dug bcom|An ocean between Godānīya and Videha.
klu'i mchog|A son of King Sarvārthasiddha.
klu'i me tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vajrasena.
klu'i mthu|Among the many magical powers of the nāgas are the ability to produce rain. Presumably this ability is what is meant here by “nāga-power,” although this appears to be the only mention of the term in the Kangyur in connection with clouds and rain.
klu'i rgyal po kun nas 'khor ba'i gdugs|One of the nāga kings.
klu'i rgyal po rgya mtsho|Name of a king of a race of supernatural serpents who protect the doctrine.
klu'i rgyal po|A king among the nāga.
klu'i rigs las byung ba sprin gyis rnam par mdzes|A tathāgata.
klu'i ril pa can|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu'i stobs dang dregs pa 'joms pa|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu'i tshogs la skul ma|A goddess.
klu'i zhags pa|One of the nāga kings.
klung na brtsegs pa|A mountain in Living on the Peak.
klus bos|An ascetic statesman.
klus brtol|One of the seven golden mountains that surround Mount Sumeru.
klus byin|Father of the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa.
klus byin|Mother of the buddha Amitabuddhi.
klus byin|The 557th buddha in the first list, 557th in the second list, and 550th in the third list.
klus mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaruta.
klus sbas|Father of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
klus skyong|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
klu|A class of nonhuman beings who live in subterranean aquatic environments and who are known to hoard wealth and esoteric teachings. Nāgas are associated with snakes and serpents and often assume a snakelike appearance.
klu|A semidivine class of beings who live in subterranean aquatic environments and are said to hoard wealth and esoteric teachings. They are associated with snakes and serpents, and are subordinate to Virūpākṣa, the Great King of the West.
klu|Nāgas belong half to the animal realm and half to the god realm (Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary). They are believed to abide in subterranean realms, having control over rain, ponds, rivers, and soil productivity. Some are Dharma protectors, but they can bring retribution if they are disturbed. Often in Buddhist arts and in written accounts, they are portrayed as being half human and half snake (Rigzin 9).
klu|A supernatural being usually depicted as having the top half of a human and the bottom half of a snake. However, the nāga has a myriad of associations within Buddhism and Indian traditions in general; the term may be associated with deities, snakes (more specifically cobras), elephants, subterranean spirits, water spirits, or ethnic groups of people from the Indian subcontinent. In Tibet they became specifically associated with water spirits (klu), and in China they came to be associated with dragons (龍).
klu|A semidivine class of beings who live in subterranean aquatic environments where they are known to guard wealth and esoteric teachings. Nāgas are associated with serpents and often assume a snakelike appearance. In Buddhist art and in written accounts, nāgas are regularly portrayed as being half human and half snake, and, as mentioned in this sūtra, said to have the ability to change into human form. Some nāgas are Dharma protectors, but they can also bring retribution if they are disturbed. Nāgas likewise fight one another, wage war, and destroy the lands of others by causing lightning, hail, and flooding.
klu|A mythical being usually depicted as having the top half of a human and the bottom half of a snake. However, the nāga has a myriad of associations within Buddhism and Indian traditions in general; the term may be associated with deities, snakes (more specifically cobras), elephants, subterranean spirits, water spirits, or ethnic groups of people from the Indian subcontinent. In Tibet they became specifically associated with water spirits ({klu}), and in China they came to be associated with dragons. Here the image of the nāga is the twenty-seventh of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ko dzwa ri|A country corresponding to modern Gujarat.
ko ka li ka|Devadatta’s companion.
ko ka li ka|One of four cronies of Devadatta.
ko ka li ka|A monk who joined Devadatta’s plot against the Buddha.
ko ka li ka|A Buddhist monk who sided with Devadatta and defended him when the latter’s schemes to usurp the Buddha were exposed.
ko ka li ka|One of the members of a group of four monks described in the Vinaya as followers of Devadatta that attempted to create a schism in the Buddhist saṅgha.
ko ki lA kya|Hygrophila auriculata.
ko ki la|An asura in one of the variants of the maṇḍala of Caṇḍa mahā roṣaṇa.
ko sa lA|A river in the east of Jambudvīpa.
ko sa la|A country that the Buddha frequently visited.
ko sa la|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
ko sa la|An ancient Indian kingdom, in present day Uttar Pradesh. Śrāvastī was its capital.
ko sa la|Also spelled Kosala. An ancient Indian kingdom corresponding to the present-day Awadh in Uttar Pradesh.
ko sa la|An ancient Indian kingdom located in present-day Uttar Pradesh that was ruled by King Prasenajit during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ko sa la|An ancient kingdom, northwest of Magadha, abutting Kāśi, whose capital was Śrāvastī. During the Buddha’s time it was ruled by Prasenajit. It presently corresponds to an area within Uttar Pradesh.
ko sha lA|One of the two auxiliary kṣetras.
ko sha la|One of the two auxiliary kṣetras.
ko sha la|An ancient kingdom, northwest of Magadha, abutting Kāśi, whose capital was Śrāvastī. During the Buddha’s time it was ruled by Prasenajit.
ko tam pa'i ras|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual. A low-grade cloth made from kotampa fibers or kausheyam silk and linen or cotton weave.
ko'u ra ba|A land in the east of Jambudvīpa.
ko'u ra pa|The hundred sons of King Dhṛtarāśtra, who were the enemies of their cousins, the Pāṇḍava brothers. Their family name means they are the descendants of the ancient King Kur (as were the Pāṇḍava brothers). Their battle is the central theme of the Mahābhārata, India’s greatest epic.
kon tsi|Appears to mean “a person from Kañci.” Unidentified. Possibly a description of Pūrna, who is next in the list of the Buddha’s disciples. Alternatively this may be Kaccāna, also known as Kaccāyana, but principally as Katyayāna, one of the Buddha’s ten principal pupils.
kong ka na|One of the power places.
kong sprul blo gros mtha' yas|A famous Tibetan scholar practitioner of the nineteenth century.
kra pa li|The area of Vārāṇasī where Maitreya (as Ajita) is said to have been born.
krung krung sgra can|A village or town. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-3125 .
ku Ta'i 'bras bu pa|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
ku ba la'i tshal|A grove in Promotion
ku be ra'i tshogs kyi nags|A forest in Supreme Strength.
ku be ra|The god of wealth.
ku be ra|An alternate name for the yakṣa Jambhala.
ku be ra|One of the four great kings, also known as Vaiśravaṇa.
ku be ra|A Hindu god of wealth, appearing in the Buddhist pantheon as Vaiśravaṇa.
ku be ra|Also known as Vaiśravaṇa. One among the Four Great Kings, guardian of the north.
ku ku ri pa|Counted among the most famous of the Indian Buddhist Mahāsiddhas and renowned for his association with packs of dogs (kukkura), he is a central figure in a number of tantric lineages, specifically of the Guhya samāja Tantra and Mahā māyā Tantra. He was active sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries.
ku la kA|A rākṣasī living in Ramayo.
ku lu tA|One of the auxiliary charnel grounds.
ku mA ra ka la sha|The name of an Indian preceptor and teacher who lived during the early Sarma ({gsar ma}) period (c. 11th century) and worked on the Tibetan translation of the Mañjuśrīmūlatantra.
ku mA ra|When referring to a worldly deity, this name/epithet usually applies to Skanda.
ku ma dA'i dus ston sna tshogs can|A certain bird that lived on Gandhamādana Mountain, who died with thoughts of joy toward the Buddha and therefore took rebirth as a god.
ku mu da 'byung ba|A buddha.
ku mu da ltar gas pa|One of the cold hells.
ku mu da yi gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Deśāmūḍha.
ku mu da yi snying po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhasvara.
ku mu da'i 'byung gnas|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ku mu da'i so|Mother of the buddha Satyaruta.
ku mu das rab tu khebs pa|A buddha realm.
ku mu da|Son of the buddha Amṛta.
ku mu da|The water plant Nymphae esculenta.
ku mu da|Attendant of the buddha Gaganasvara.
ku mu da|This water lily, Nymphaea pubescens, can be pink or white and is sometimes incorrectly called a lotus. It flowers at night, and therefore is also called “night lotus.”
ku mu da|Nymphaea pubescens. This night-blossoming water lily, which can be red, pink, or white, is not actually a lotus, since it does not have the lotus’s distinctive pericarp. Nevertheless it is commonly called the “night lotus.” It is also known as hairy water lily, because of the hairs on the stem and the underside of the leaves.
ku mu ta|Nymphaea pubescens. This night-blossoming water lily, which can be red, pink, or white, is not actually a lotus. It does not have the lotus’s distinctive pericarp. Nevertheless, it is commonly called the “night lotus.” It is also known as “hairy water lily,” because of the hairs on the stem and the underside of the leaves.
ku na la|Himalayan bird with beautiful bright eyes.
ku na la|Bird with beautiful eyes that lives on Mount Sumeru.
ku na la|Specifically, the greater painted snipe (Rostrature benghalensis).
ku ran gtsang|Indian beech tree (pongamia glabra); used medicinally.
ku ru ku la|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ku ru ku la|A female deity of the lotus family, associated with the activity of enthralling.
ku ru|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
ku ru|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ku ru|In Buddhist cosmology, it refers to (1) the continent to the north of Mount Sumeru, and (2) a land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
ku sha na'i rigs|The royal family of the Kushan dynasty.
ku sha'i grong khyer|The city where the Buddha entered parinirvāṇa.
ku sha'i grong khyer|Village in the country of Mallā where the Buddha passed into parinirvāṇa.
ku sha'i mchog gi grong|The one-time capital of ancient Magadha.
ku sha|A prince who appears in the Jātakas.
ku sha|A prince who was the Buddha in a former life.
ku sha|Poa cynosuroides, a species of grass commonly used in religious ceremonies.
ku shi kA|A class of vidyādharas.
ku shi na|The capital of the Malla kingdom, and the town, in the vicinity of which the Buddha passed into parinirvāṇa.
kum bha ka|Inhalation (one of the four stages during a single breath).
kun 'byung ba 'phags pa'i bden pa|Second of the four noble truths.
kun 'byung ba shes pa|Sixth of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
kun 'byung|A sage.
kun 'dar ma|The prāṇa channel in the centre of the body.
kun 'dar ma|Also rendered in this translation as “middle channel.”
kun 'dar ma|The body’s main subtle channel (nāḍī), running along the spinal column.
kun 'dzin|A buddha realm.
kun 'dzin|A householder in this sūtra.
kun 'gro ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
kun 'gro|A righteous nāga king.
kun 'gro|A class of asuras that live on the third level, Excellent Abode.
kun 'gyed gzhon nu|The son of the god Brahmā.
kun 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānarāja (618 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun 'phags|Son of the buddha Sthita vega jñāna.
kun bde|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
kun bged|One of the grahas.
kun bged|An epithet of Viṣṇu. Sometimes also used as an epithet of Brahmā.
kun brtags pa'i mtshan nyid|The imaginary defining characteristic corresponds to the attribution of an essence, an inherent entity, to that which is by nature dependent on an other (paratantra) to exist or appear as what it is perceived to be.
kun brtags par dga' ba|Alternative name of the lake Expansive.
kun da|Jasminum multiflorum according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
kun da|Trachelospermum jasminoides. It has its name because of its starlike white blossoms. In India it is used in speech as an example of whiteness, i.e., “as white as star jasmine.” Also called downy jasmine, Chinese jasmine, Chinese ivy, and trader’s compass.
kun dga' ba 'dzin pa|A mountain in Kuru.
kun dga' ba|A forest on Deer Abode.
kun dga' bo|The Buddha Śākyamuni's attendant who is celebrated for having recited all the Buddha's teachings by memory at the first council of the Buddhist saṅgha, thus preserving the Buddha’s teachings after his parinirvāṇa.
kun dga' bo|A monk of the Buddha’s order, brother of Devadatta, who for twenty-five years served as the Buddha’s personal attendant. Second in the apostolic succession that carried on the Buddha’s teachings after his parinirvāṇa.
kun dga' bo|Ānanda, the cousin of Siddhārtha Gautama (the Buddha Śākyamuni). The Buddha’s personal attendant, one of his closest disciples, and also the person who, according to tradition, preserved the oral transmission of the sūtras.
kun dga' bo|A major śrāvaka disciple of the Buddha; his personal attendant. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-950 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-1055 .
kun dga' bo|Buddha Sākyamuni’s cousin, who was his attendant for the last twenty years of his life. He was the subject of criticism and opposition from the monastic community after the Buddha’s passing, but eventually succeeded to the position of the patriarch of Buddhism in India after the passing of the first patriarch, Mahākāśyapa.
kun dga' bo|The Buddha Śākyamuni’s cousin, who was his attendant for the last twenty years of his life. He was the subject of criticism and opposition from the monastic community after the Buddha’s passing but eventually succeeded to the position of the patriarch of Buddhism in India after the passing of the first patriarch, Mahākaśyapa.
kun dga' bzang po|An emanated monk.
kun dga' gzhi|A park in Sustained by Fruition.
kun dga' la re ba med pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell. Appears to be identical with Joyless Thought.
kun dga' legs rin|A fifteenth century Sakya scholar, nephew of Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo.
kun dga' mdzad|The 651st buddha in the first list, 650th in the second list, and 642nd in the third list.
kun dga' ra ba bde bar gnas pa'i lteng ka|A mountain in Dwelling on Forest Riverbanks.
kun dga' ra ba'i rgyas pa|A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit.
kun dga' ra ba'i skyed mos tshal|A park in House of Refined Gold.
kun dga' ra ba|An ārāma was a private citizen’s garden, generally found within the limits of a town or city.
kun dga' ra ba|Somewhat akin to what in English is expressed by the term “pleasance” (also in its etymology), an ārāma is a pleasant garden, a green habitable space. The Buddha and his disciples are often found to dwell in such ārāmas, and the term is even found in contemporary usage in names of Thai monasteries.
kun dga'|A forest at Sudharma.
kun dga'|A lotus pool in Lateral.
kun dga'|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
kun dga'|The Buddha’s cousin and attendant who recited the Buddha’s sūtra discourses from memory after the Buddha passed.
kun du 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Abhedyabuddhi (889 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun du bltas pa'i nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
kun du brjod|The name of many beings in the future when they become buddhas, as prophesied by the Buddha.
kun du bzang po'i mchod pa'i sprin phung|The mode of making offerings in the mode of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra, who emanated exponentially proliferating clouds of offerings.
kun du bzang po|A bodhisattva.
kun du dbyangs can|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnapradatta (769 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun du gnas|Attendant of the buddha Avraṇa.
kun du grags pa|A nāga king.
kun du gsal bar spyod pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
kun du gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Priya cakṣurvaktra (748 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun du gzi brjid|The 427th buddha in the first list, 426th in the second list, and 420th in the third list. The translation is tentative; {kun gzigs} found in list three corresponds to Samantadarśin, but {kun du gzi brjid} found in list one and two would expect *Samantatejas.
kun du gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Subuddhinetra (569 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun du mi dga' ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
kun du mig|A king and sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
kun du rgyu gnag lhas kyi bu|One of the six teachers at the time of the Buddha.
kun du rgyu gnag lhas kyi bu|One of the six philosophical extremists who lived during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni. Also rendered here as “Parivrājaka Gośālīputra.”
kun du rtog byed|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
kun du ru|Literally “olibanum,” this is the code word for the five types of enjoyment derived from the lotus (vagina) of the female consort.
kun du sbas pa|A great bodhisattva.
kun du sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyamati.
kun du spos kyi 'od zer|A buddha.
kun du yon tan mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Suyajña (762 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun du yon tan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suvarṇacūḍa.
kun gyi blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tiṣya (584 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun gyi bshes gnyen|Attendant of the buddha Kāśyapa.
kun gyi bshes gnyen|In chapter 44 it is the name of one of the future buddhas of this kalpa. It is also the name of the kalyāṇamitra in chapter 46, the teacher of children.
kun gyi dpal|A buddha.
kun gyi rtogs pa|Name of a gandharva, a former incarnation of the Buddha.
kun gyis bkur|Son of the buddha Sumati.
kun gzhi|Here, probably the short form for ālayavijñāna.
kun gzhi|The subtlemost form of deluded consciousness, which serves as the store-house for karmic seeds, therefore serving as the substratum from which appearances manifest.
kun gzhi|Identifiable with ālayavijñāna. However, as reference to the elaborate Vijñānavādin psychology of the “store-consciousness” is out of place in this sūtra, it is here simply translated “subconsciousness.”
kun gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padmaraśmi (506 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun gzigs|The 427th buddha in the first list, 426th in the second list, and 420th in the third list. The translation is tentative; {kun gzigs} found in list three corresponds to Samantadarśin, but {kun du gzi brjid} found in list one and two would expect *Samantatejas.
kun khyab sbyin|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
kun la 'jug pa'i tshig nges tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
kun la dgongs pa rgya cher grags pa can|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Blissful.
kun lha ye shes mthong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Asaṅgadhvaja.
kun mthong ma|Mother of the buddha Śobhita.
kun mthong mtho|A forest in Promotion.
kun mthong yid 'ong|A forest in Distinguished in Many Colorful Ways.
kun mthong|A lake in the realm of the asuras.
kun mthong|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
kun nas 'dren pa|A bodhisattva.
kun nas 'du ba|Bauhinia variegata, Phaneria variegata. In other sūtras kovidāra is translated as {sa brtol}.
kun nas 'od dpal gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
kun nas 'od zer yon tan rtag tu mang ba brgya mtsho'i rgyal po|A buddha who lives in the east in a buddha realm called Elevated by Abiding in Aspiration.
kun nas 'od|The name of a celestial realm.
kun nas 'od|The buddha realm of the buddha King of Splendor.
kun nas 'od|The twelfth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
kun nas 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas 'od|Lit. “Rays All Around.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Ratnāvatī, in the eastern direction, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
kun nas bde ba|A park in Sustained by Fruition.
kun nas blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Niyatabuddhi (176 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun nas brgyan pa|A buddha realm.
kun nas bsrungs pa|A bodhisattva.
kun nas bsten pa|A lotus pond in Delighting in Flower Garlands.
kun nas chos kyi dbyings nam mkha' snang ba'i cod pan|A bodhisattva.
kun nas dga' ba|(1) A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods ({thams cad rab tu dga' bar gnas pa}). (2) A mountain in Promotion ({kun nas dga' ba}).
kun nas dpal gyi gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
kun nas dri ma med pa|The buddhafield of Vimalakīrtirāja.
kun nas dri ma med pa|Name of buddhafield of Buddha King of Many Arrangements.
kun nas gnas par grags pa|Birthplace of the buddha Samāhitātman.
kun nas gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
kun nas go cha|A buddha.
kun nas grags pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpaketu (184 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun nas gser gyi tshal|A forest in Special Joy.
kun nas gzigs pa|A buddha.
kun nas kha dog|A yakṣa king.
kun nas ldang ba|The third stage in the development and expression of afflictions (Skt. kleśa, Tib. {nyon mongs}), preceded by “latent tendency” (Skt. anuśaya, Tib. {bag la nyal ba}) and “belief” (Skt. dṛṣṭi, Tib. {lta ba smra ba}).
kun nas lta ba'i myig|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
kun nas mdzas|The name of a bodhisattva.
kun nas mdzes pa|A king.
kun nas mdzes pa|The name of an assembly hall in Śrāvastī. It could be that samanta, meaning “universal,” just refers to the assembly hall in general. However, both the Tibetan and Chinese seemed to translate this word literally, which suggests it may be a proper noun.
kun nas mdzes|A bodhisattva.
kun nas me tog|The name of a bodhisattva.
kun nas me tog|Lit. “With Flowers Everywhere.” The tathāgata in the buddhafield Padmavatī.
kun nas mgon po|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas mig|A great bodhisattva.
kun nas mnar gsems kyi dngos po dgu|These consist of various mental distractions caused by the nine considerations “He has caused, causes, will cause wrong to me. He has caused, causes, will cause wrong to one dear to me. He has served, serves, will serve my enemies.”
kun nas mnar sems kyi dngos po dgu|Thinking that someone harms oneself, harms someone dear to oneself, or benefits someone dear to oneself, each in the present, past, or future.
kun nas mnar sems kyi dngos po dgu|In his Gateway to Knowledge, Mipham identifies three groups of three thoughts that inspire aggression: (1–3) the thoughts, “This has hurt me,” “This is hurting me,” and “This will hurt me”; (4–6) the thoughts “This has hurt someone dear to me,” “This is hurting someone dear to me,” and “This will hurt someone dear to me”; and (7–9) the thoughts, “This has helped my enemy,” “This helps my enemy,” and “This will help my enemy” (mi pham rgyam mtsho 1978, p. 74).
kun nas mnar sems|These are listed as nine: thinking that one’s enemy has harmed, is harming, or will harm oneself; thinking that one’s enemy has harmed, is harming, or will harm one’s friend; and thinking that someone has helped, is helping, or will help one’s enemy.
kun nas mngon par dga' ba|Alternative name for Thoroughly Joyous Form.
kun nas mthar byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
kun nas mthong na dga' ba|(1) A lotus pond in Living by Rājanina ({mthong na kun dga' ba}). (2) A mountain on Vast Garlands of Bliss ({kun nas mthong na dga' ba}).
kun nas mtshan|A buddha realm.
kun nas nyon mong ba|The process of karma and affliction leading to suffering.
kun nas nyon mongs pa med pa|Lit. “without defilement.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
kun nas nyon mongs pa|The process of karma, afflictions of the mind, and suffering.
kun nas nyon mongs pa|The self-perpetuating process of affliction in the minds of beings.
kun nas nyon mongs pa|Another term for saṃsāra , this is the counterpart of “purification.”
kun nas nyon mongs pa|Saṃsāra, in being nothing but afflicted; its opposite is ‘fully cleansed,’ ‘complete purification.’
kun nas nyon mongs pa|A term referring to all the primary and secondary afflictive emotions that completely disturb the mind.
kun nas nyon mongs|The defilements of causality and emotional states the perpetuate our experience of saṃsāra.
kun nas nyon mongs|A term meaning defilement, impurity, and pollution, broadly referring to cognitive and emotional factors that disturb and obscure the mind. It is often paired with its opposite vyavadāna, meaning “purification.”
kun nas nyong mongs pa|The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements known as the afflicted mental states, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure. Included among them are the primary afflictions of fundamental ignorance, attachment, aversion, pride, doubt, and twenty subsidiary afflictions.
kun nas phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas phyag|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas ral pa ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas rdzing kun du bskor ba|A pool in Shaded by Garlands.
kun nas rgyal|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas rgyun shes kyi bu|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas rin chen me tog|Son of the buddha Arajas.
kun nas rin po ches yang dag par bris pa|The buddha realm in which Prince Ratnākara will attain awakening.
kun nas rin po che|A world realm in the distant past.
kun nas rna ba|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
kun nas rnam par brgyan pa|A park in South India.
kun nas rnam par snang ba'i cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
kun nas sbas pa|A great bodhisattva.
kun nas sbas|A buddha.
kun nas sgo|A town in the south of India.
kun nas sgo|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its tenth week.
kun nas skabs kyi mtshan nyid|A buddha realm.
kun nas skye mched|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun nas snang ba 'phags|A bodhisattva.
kun nas snang ba bkod pa'i dpal|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
kun nas snang ba'i dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
kun nas snang ba'i tog|A bodhisattva.
kun nas snang ba|(1) Name of tathāgata in the western buddhafield Illuminated. (2) A bodhisattva in the southeastern buddhafield Sorrowless.
kun nas snang zhing sgrib pa med par lta ba|A bodhisattva mahāsattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
kun nas snying po|A bodhisattva.
kun nas spos kyi 'od zer|A buddha.
kun nas spos|A buddha realm.
kun nas spos|The bodhisattva Supreme Scent-Perfused Preacher when he becomes a buddha.
kun nas spyan|A tathāgata.
kun nas tshal|A grove in Dwelling on Mixed Riverbanks.
kun nas yon tan ldan|A world system in the east.
kun nas yongs su rgyas pa'i dpal gyi snying po|A royal capital in a world in the eastern direction in a past kalpa.
kun nas zlum par skyes pa|An area in Kuru.
kun ni gzigs|The 200th buddha in the first list, 199th in the second list, and 199th in the third list.
kun rdzob bden pa|Conveys the relative or conventional view of the world according to the understanding of ordinary unenlightened beings. This is distinguished from the ultimate truth, which conveys the understanding of phenomena as they really are. Saṃvṛti literally means “covered” or “concealed,” implying that the relative reality seen by ordinary beings seems to be convincingly real, but it is ultimately, in its actual state, illusory and unreal.
kun rdzob kyi bden pa|This denotes the empirical aspect of reality as conventionally experienced through our perceptions, which, in contrast to ultimate reality or emptiness, is considered true only within the relative framework of our own experiences.
kun rdzob shes pa|Fourth of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
kun rdzob|Of seeming and apparent truth or reality.
kun rgyal 'be'i ra ti'i bu|A proponent of the doctrine of scepticism (vikṣepavāda).
kun rgyal|Son of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
kun rgyal|Attendant of the buddha Marudadhipa.
kun rgyal|The 316th buddha in the first list, 315th in the second list, and 310th in the third list.
kun rig|A sage, former incarnation of the Buddha Dīpaṃkara.
kun rten|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
kun sbyin|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
kun sdud|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its second week.
kun shes kauN Di nya|Another name for Kauṇḍinya. As he was the first to understand the Buddha’s teaching on the four truths, he received the name Ājñātakauṇḍinya (“Kauṇḍinya who understood”).
kun shes pa dang ldan pa'i dbang po|Third of the three faculties.
kun shes pa'i dbang po|Second of the three faculties.
kun shes|The wife of a householder.
kun skyob|Third of the seven buddhas of the past.
kun snang dang ba|The highest of the three paradises that correspond to the second dhyāna in the form realm. In other contexts, the Tibetan {'od gsal ba} usually refers to Ābhāsvara, and the Tibetan {gya nom snang ba} would refer to Sudṛśa.
kun snang|A pleasure grove in Shaded by Garlands.
kun spangs chos grags dpal bzang|A great fourteenth century Jonangpa scholar, practitioner, and translator (1283–1363), who had earlier studied at Sakya, with Butön at Zhalu, and with Tharpa Lotsāwa at Sangphu, before becoming the first major disciple of Dolpopa.
kun spro|A class of asuras ruled by Overjoyed.
kun spyod|A forest in Dwelling in Forests.
kun sreg|A mountain range surrounding the hell of Embers Within.
kun tu 'byung ba'i sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
kun tu 'dres pa|(1) A forest on the northern face of Sumeru ({yongs su 'dres pa}). (2) A river in Godānīya ({kun tu 'dres pa}).
kun tu 'dzin pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Baladatta.
kun tu 'dzin pa|A bodhisattva.
kun tu 'gro ba'i stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśānta.
kun tu 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
kun tu 'od zer|A bodhisattva.
kun tu 'od zer|Name of a bodhisattva.
kun tu 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Janendra (401 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu 'od|The ground of buddhahood.
kun tu 'od|Father of the buddha Avraṇa.
kun tu 'od|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun tu 'od|The eleventh bodhisattva level, it is the level on which buddhahood is attained.
kun tu 'od|This is the term for the eleventh bodhisattva level. It is also the name of a mansion in the Dharma Discernment hermitage and the name of a Bodhisattva.
kun tu 'od|The name of a buddha in the eastern direction. Also the name of thirty-two thousand gods when they attain buddhahood in the future, as prophesied by the Buddha.
kun tu 'phags pa'i dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
kun tu 'phen pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
kun tu 'tsho ba pa|A follower of a non-Buddhist mendicant movement.
kun tu 'tsho ba'i rigs|A tīrthika order.
kun tu 'tsho ba|A religious mendicant of the Indian sect founded by Gosāla Maṅkhaliputra.
kun tu bkod pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Jewel Foundation.
kun tu blo|A bodhisattva.
kun tu blo|Attendant of the buddha Kāśyapa.
kun tu blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaprabhāsa.
kun tu blta ba|A buddha realm.
kun tu blta|Mother of the buddha Meruraśmi.
kun tu btang ba'i 'od zer rab btang|A buddha.
kun tu bzang po'i nags rnam|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
kun tu bzang po'i spyod pa'i smon lam|The Samanta bhadra caryā praṇidhāna appears in the final part of the Gaṇḍa vyūha sūtra, which itself forms part of the Buddhāvataṃsaka sūtra. It is well-known in Tibet, where it has been the subject of numerous commentaries. It continues to be recited daily in some monastic traditions in Tibet and China. The work also goes under the Sanskrit titles Bhadracari(-ī), and Bhadra caryā praṇidhāna. See Skilling and Saerji 2013, 198 n. 30.
kun tu bzang po|A Buddhist deity; the name of a bodhisattva; also the name of the deity asking Vajrasattva questions at the time of the delivery of the CMT.
kun tu bzang po|“Entirely Excellent,” one of the eight principal bodhisattvas. He is known for embodying the conduct of bodhisattvas through his vast aspirations, offerings, and deeds for the benefit of beings.
kun tu bzang po|Samantabhadra (Entirely Excellent) is one of the eight principal bodhisattvas. He is known for embodying the conduct of bodhisattvas through his vast aspirations, offerings, and deeds on behalf of the benefit of beings.
kun tu bzang po|One of the eight principal bodhisattvas, he figures strongly in the Gaṇḍavyūha (the final chapter of the Avataṃsaka sūtra) and in the Lotus Sūtra. His prominence in these sūtras is the reason why emphasis is placed on Avalokiteśvara’s superiority over him. (Not to be confused with the buddha in the Nyingma tradition.)
kun tu bzang po|One of the eight great bodhisattvas, he figures strongly in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-45.html (Toh 44-45; Gaṇḍavyūha, the final chapter of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra) and in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html (Saddharmapuṇḍarīka, Toh 113). Not to be confused with the primordial buddha in the Nyingma tradition.
kun tu bzang po|Presently classed as one of the eight principal bodhisattvas, he is distinct from the primordial buddha with the same name in the Nyingma tradition. He is prominent in the Gaṇḍa vyūha, and also in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html (Toh 113, Saddharma puṇḍarīka) and The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra (Toh 111, Mahā karuṇā puṇḍarīka sūtra)https://read.84000.co/translation/toh111.html.
kun tu bzang|A brahmin mentioned in the context of what is likely a story of a past life of the Buddha.
kun tu dga' ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Immeasurable Light.
kun tu dga' ba'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Devaruta.
kun tu dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānaratna.
kun tu dgongs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahendra (284 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu dri ma med pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva.
kun tu dri|A deva in the retinue of Śakra.
kun tu go bar byed pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
kun tu go byed|A king; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
kun tu grags pa'i chos kyi sprin sgra'i rgyal mtshan|“The Victory Banner That Resounds Everywhere with the Sound of the Clouds of the Dharma.” A Bodhi tree in the distant past.
kun tu gsal ba tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sārodgata.
kun tu gsal ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Cūḍa (993 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu gsal|Son of the buddha Śanairgāmin.
kun tu gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
kun tu gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānavikrama (580 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu gtso|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānarata.
kun tu gzi brjid dpal|Father of the buddha Vratasthita.
kun tu gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
kun tu gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Ugratejas.
kun tu gzigs pa'i nga ro|A buddha.
kun tu gzigs pa|A future buddha.
kun tu gzigs pa|Mañjuśrī’s name when he becomes a buddha.
kun tu gzigs|A buddha in the eastern direction.
kun tu gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharaṇīdhara (381 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu kha dog|A buddha realm.
kun tu khyab pa'i zhen pa|A class of vidyādharas.
kun tu khyu mchog|A buddha.
kun tu lta ba can|Son of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
kun tu lta ba'i blo|A bodhisattva.
kun tu lta ba|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
kun tu lta ba|The realm of the Buddha Samantavipaśyin.
kun tu lta ba|A perfume seller, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 19.
kun tu lta ba|A two-armed lokeśvara emanation of Avalokiteśvara.
kun tu lta ba|Lit. “sees all.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
kun tu lta ba|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
kun tu lta|Son of the buddha Candrodgata.
kun tu mar me|A bodhisattva.
kun tu ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
kun tu mdzes pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padma.
kun tu mdzes|A great bodhisattva.
kun tu me tog|Attendant of the buddha Candrodgata.
kun tu me tog|A buddha residing in an eastern buddha realm.
kun tu mig|A bodhisattva.
kun tu mig|Name of a bodhisattva.
kun tu mig|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
kun tu mthong ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Praśānta.
kun tu mthong|A buddha realm.
kun tu mthu rtsal can|Attendant of the buddha Vṛṣabha.
kun tu mthu rtsal can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ojaṅgama.
kun tu nyams pa'i stobs kyi mtha'|A city in Godānīya.
kun tu rdzogs byed pa|One of the eight bhūta kings.
kun tu rgyal ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vijitāvin.
kun tu rgyal ba|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twenty-second week.
kun tu rgyal|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
kun tu rgyas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ṛṣideva.
kun tu rgyu ba|Non-Buddhist renunciants.
kun tu rgyu ba|A class of gods associated with the Four Great Kings.
kun tu rgyu ba|A class of traveling ascetics (both male and female) who held a variety of differing non-Buddhist views.
kun tu rgyu ba|A religious mendicant; in Buddhist texts this is often paired with caraka in stock lists of followers of non-Buddhist ascetic traditions.
kun tu rgyu ba|Literally, “one who wanders around.” An umbrella term for the class of wandering religious ascetics of diverse religious persuasions who were common at the time of the Buddha.
kun tu rgyu ba|Pali paribbājaka. Refers to a class of Indian religious mendicants holding a variety of beliefs who wandered in India from ancient times, including during the time of the Buddha. These peripatetic ascetics, who included women in their number, engaged with one another in debate on a range of topics. Some of their metaphysical views are presented in the early Buddhist discourses of the Pali Canon.
kun tu rgyu gnag lhas kyi bu|One of the six outsider teachers.
kun tu rgyug pa|A class of asuras.
kun tu rgyu|Wandering religious practitioners or śramaṇa, usually referring to non-Buddhists.
kun tu rgyu|An umbrella term for the class of wandering religious ascetics of diverse religious persuasions that were common at the time of the Buddha.
kun tu rgyu|A general term for homeless religious mendicants who literally “roam around”; in Buddhist usage the term refers to non-Buddhist peripatetic ascetics, including Jains and others.
kun tu rgyu|Evidently a general term for homeless religious mendicants who, literally, “roam around”; in Buddhist usage the term refers to non-Buddhist peripatetic ascetics including Jains and others.
kun tu rgyu|A specific order of mendicants, or a general term for homeless religious mendicants who, literally, “roam around”; in Buddhist usage the term can refer to non-Buddhist peripatetic ascetics including Jains and others.
kun tu rgyu|“Wandering mendicant,” parivrājaka (Sanskrit, wanderer; Pāli, paribbājaka). Refers to a class of Indian religious mendicants holding a variety of beliefs who wandered in India from ancient times, including during the time of the Buddha. These peripatetic ascetics, who included women in their number, engaged with one another in debate on a range of topics. Some of their metaphysical views are presented in the early Buddhist discourses of the Pāli Canon.
kun tu rin chen|Mother of the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja.
kun tu rin chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇendrakalpa (536 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu rnam gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sucintita (77 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu rnam par gzigs pa'i ye shes|A buddha in the distant past.
kun tu rnam par gzigs|A buddha in the ream All-Seeing.
kun tu rnam par gzigs|The name that Adorned with Various Jewels will adopt when she becomes a buddha.
kun tu rnam par snang ba'i zla ba|A buddha in the distant past.
kun tu rnam par snang byed cod pan|A bodhisattva.
kun tu rnam par snang mdzad rnam par dag pa thob pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Perfectly Pure Abode.
kun tu rnam rgyal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amarapriya (300 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu rtog pa|A complete projection of the mind that has no valid basis in reality.
kun tu rtog|A bodhisattva.
kun tu sbas pa'i sprin gyi dbang phyug mar me|A buddha.
kun tu sbas|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
kun tu sbed|Attendant of the buddha Vardhana.
kun tu sbed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthitārtha jñānin (190 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu sbyor ba gsum|The view of the perishable collection, doubt, and grasping rules and rituals as absolute.
kun tu sbyor ba gsum|The three fetters are the belief in self or independent existence, doubt, and clinging to rites and rituals.
kun tu sbyor ba gsum|Three fetters to be abandoned on the path of seeing: the view of the transitory collection, viewing discipline as supreme, and harboring doubt.
kun tu sbyor ba tha ma'i cha dang 'thun pa lnga|Five fetters to be abandoned: the view of the transitory collection, viewing discipline as supreme, and harboring doubt, desire, and ill will.
kun tu sbyor ba|Fetters binding one to saṃsāra; they come in groups of three (ignorance, hatred, and desire) or ten.
kun tu sbyor ba|Synonym of emotional defilements, which lead beings to act negatively and prevent them from acting virtuously, hence keeping them fettered to suffering in their next lives.
kun tu sbyor ba|A set of ten concepts and emotional reactions that perpetuate one’s continued rebirth in saṃsāra: false attribution of a self based in relation to the aggregates (satkāyadṛṣṭi; {'jig tshogs la lta ba}), doubt (vicikitsā; {the tshom}), privileging rituals and observances (śīla vrata parāmarśa; {tshul khrims dang brtul zhugs mchog tu 'dzin pa}), craving sense pleasures (kāmarāga; {'dod pa la 'dod chags}), malice (vyāpāda; {gnod sems}), craving rebirth in the realm of subtle form (rūparāga; {gzugs la chags pa}), craving rebirth in the realm of the immaterial (arūpyarāga; {gzugs med pa'i 'dod chags}), pride (māna; {nga rgyal}), mental agitation (auddhatya; {rgod pa}), and ignorance (avidyā; {ma rig pa}).
kun tu sbyor gsum|The three fetters, as found in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1123 , comprise false views about perishable composites, hesitation, and a sense of moral and ascetic supremacy. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1124 .
kun tu sgra sgrogs pa|The name of a meditative absorption.
kun tu sgra|Birthplace of the buddha Praśānta.
kun tu shes rab|A bodhisattva.
kun tu shes|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇākara.
kun tu skar mda'|Birthplace of the buddha Satyaruta.
kun tu snang ba'i blo|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
kun tu snang ba'i chos kyi sprin gyi sgra dbyangs rgyal mtshan|“The Victory Banner That Resounds Everywhere with the Sound of the Clouds of the Dharma.” A Bodhi tree in the distant past.
kun tu snang ba'i dpal|A buddha realm.
kun tu snang ba'i dpal|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Samantābhaśiri.
kun tu snang ba'i rgyal mtshan|“Shining Banner.” The name of a past kalpa.
kun tu snang ba'i sgron ma|A past buddha.
kun tu snang ba'i zla ba|A bodhisattva.
kun tu snang bas 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
kun tu snang ba|The realm of the Buddha Stainless Light.
kun tu snang ba|Name of the fifty-third meditative stability.
kun tu snang ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun tu snang ba|Lit. “total illumination.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
kun tu snang ba|One of the five celestial bodhisattvas associated with Mañjuśrī.
kun tu snang ba|Kauṇḍinya’s name when he becomes a buddha in the distant future. It will also be the name of five hundred of Śākyamuni’s arhats when they attain buddhahood. Also called “Samanta prabhāsa” and “Samanta prabha.”
kun tu snang byed|A mountain in Kuru.
kun tu snang byed|The name of a future eon, one hundred incalculable eons from now.
kun tu snang mdzad|A buddha from the past.
kun tu snang|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
kun tu spos|A buddha realm.
kun tu spos|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Attainment of All Powerful Forces.
kun tu sprul pa|A bodhisattva.
kun tu spyan|Name of a future buddha.
kun tu spyod lam|A great bodhisattva.
kun tu spyod pa'i tshul khrims|The forms of discipline associated with body and speech, as opposed to mind.
kun tu srung ba'i bdag po sprin gyi dbang phyug mar me|A buddha.
kun tu srung gi bdag po sprin gyi dbang phyug sgron ma|A buddha in the eastern direction.
kun tu tog ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
kun tu yod|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
kun tu yon tan can|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnaprabhāsa.
kun tu yon tan rin po ches rnam par gnon pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Jewels.
kun tu yon tan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratibhāna kīrti (280 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
kun tu yongs su spangs|A buddha realm.
kun tu zab pa'i dpal dri ma med pa'i 'od|A night goddess at the bodhimaṇḍa, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 35.
kun tu zhim pas brgyan pa|A magical tree, the name of which means “completely pleasant array.”
kun tu zla ba|A great bodhisattva.
kur kum|Crocus sativus, the plant and the pollen of the flowers.
kyal ba|Seventh of the ten nonvirtuous (akuśala) actions, the third of the three related to speech (the first two being slander and harsh speech).
kye'i rdo rje|A wrathful deity of the heruka type.
kyi hud zer ba so|One of the hells.
kyi hud zer ba|One of the eight cold hells.
kyi hud zer ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell. Literally, “Cries of Woe” or “Lamenting.”
kyi hud zer ba|Fourth of the eight cold hells of Buddhist cosmology. It is named for the sounds its inhabitants make while enduring unthinkable cold.
kyi hud zer|One of the cold hells
kyi hud zer|One of the eight cold hells. It is named for the sounds its inhabitants make while enduring unthinkable cold.
kyi mtshan nyid|The younger brother of Rāma.
kyo ba thang|Fifth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
kyu mchog|One of the kings of Nepal, possibly Vṛṣadeva of the seventh century.
lA da|A country corresponding in area to modern Gujarat.
lA mA|A class of ḍākinīs.
lA mA|One of the seven types of ḍākinīs.
la ba can|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
la ba can|The name of the venerable Pradarśa’s father.
la ba|One of the kings of the nāgas.
la da'i yul|A country corresponding in area to modern Gujarat.
la dmar|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
la du|A popular South Asian sweet.
la du|A kind of sweetmeat made of coarsely ground gram or other pulse or of corn flour, mixed with sugar and spices, and fried in ghee or oil (Monier-Williams).
la nye can chen po|Another name of Śakuna.
la nye can|A king in the past. Also referred to as “Mahāśakuni.”
la phug|Trachyspermum ammi.
lab 'thor ma|One of the eight nāga ladies.
lag 'gro chen po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lag 'gro|A deity.
lag 'gro|Attendant of the buddha Sāra.
lag 'gro|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lag bdag|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyabāhu.
lag brgyad pa|A royal elephant belonging to the stables of King Bimbisāra.
lag brtsegs ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
lag bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Sūryaraśmi.
lag bzangs|Father of the buddha Trailokyapūjya.
lag bzangs|A bodhisattva, the protagonist of this text.
lag bzangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇamālin.
lag bzangs|The 469th buddha in the first list, 468th in the second list, and 462nd in the third list.
lag bzangs|One of the first to join the Buddha’s order of monks. He followed his friend Yaśas into the Buddhist order.
lag bzang|A merchant.
lag bzang|Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
lag bzang|A principal bodhisattva in the Mahāyāna sūtras.
lag bzang|Synonym for Subāhu, translated as if it was Subāhu into Tibetan.
lag bzang|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; an ancient king, contemporary of the Buddha.
lag chen|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lag chen|The 13th buddha in the first list, 13th in the second list, and 13th in the third list.
lag dbang|Father of the buddha Ugratejas.
lag gi bla|Someone (usually a bhikṣu) responsible for the building of a new monastery or temple, or for the repair of an existing one (Mahāvyutpatti 8735).
lag gis 'gro chen po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lag gis 'gro thams cad 'dzin ma|A goddess.
lag mchog bzang po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Saṃjaya.
lag mchog gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
lag mchog|Father of the buddha Guṇottama.
lag mthil gyis byug cing reg pa|A river in the realm of the gods in Dwelling on Summits within the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
lag na dbyug thogs|An alternate form of the name Daṇḍapāṇi, a Śākya clan member and the father of Gopā and Yaśodharā. In The Hundred Deeds he is noted as the father of {mda' thogs}, rendered here with the potential back-translation Iṣudhara.
lag na gzhong thogs|One of the three classes of yakṣas at the base of Sumeru, below the paradises of the mahārājas, as part of the lowest class of paradises in the desire realm. Their name means “those who have basins in their hands.” They are said to be at the very base of Sumeru, and worry that the rising ocean is going to flood them. Because they are continually bailing out water with the basins, they are unable to follow the path to enlightenment.
lag na khar ba|One of the fathers-in-law of Śākyamuni: the father of Gopā, one of Śākyamuni’s wives.
lag na pad ma|A great bodhisattva.
lag na pad ma|Lit. “Lotus Handed.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Bodhi maṇḍalālaṃkāra su rucitā, in the intermediate southeast direction, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
lag na pad mo|A bodhisattva of the southeast.
lag na phreng thogs|Name of a class of gods, a group of yakṣa associated with the Four Great Kings.
lag na phyag rgya rin chen gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
lag na phyag rgya rin po che|A great bodhisattva.
lag na phyag rgya rin po che|Lit. “Jewel Mudrā in Hand.”
lag na phyag rgya rin po che|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
lag na phyag rgya rin po che|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
lag na rdo rje|These vajra wielders are like the Vajrapāṇi who was the yakṣa that acted as the Buddha’s bodyguard. In the Mantrayāna there appeared the bodhisattva named Vajrapāṇi.
lag na rdo rje|An important bodhisattva, “Wielder of the Vajra,” whose compassion is to manifest in a terrific form to protect the practitioners of the Dharma from harmful influences.
lag na rdo rje|Vajrapāṇi appears throughout Buddhist literature in the overlapping roles of a yakṣa, bodhisattva, and esoteric deity. As the latter, he is frequently an interlocutor in and transmitter of tantric scripture.
lag na rdo rje|A figure who takes on numerous identities in Buddhist literature, including a yakṣa bodyguard of the Buddha Śākyamuni, a bodhisattva, and an esoteric Buddhist deity instrumental in the transmission of tantric scripture.
lag na rdo rje|In the sūtra tradition, Vajrapāṇi was a yakṣa who acted as the Buddha Śākyamuni’s bodyguard. Also identified as being a manifestation of Śakra and could appear as a number of vajrapāṇis to guard the Buddha. With the advent of the Mantrayāna he is a bodhisattva. Also a euphemism for Indra or a group of vajra-wielding deities in Indra’s realm.
lag na rdo rje|First appeared in Buddhist literature as the yakṣa bodyguard of the Buddha, ready at times to shatter a person’s head into a hundred pieces with his vajra if he speaks inappropriately to the Buddha. His identity as a bodhisattva did not take place until the rise of the Mantrayāna in such sūtras as the Kāraṇḍavyūha (http://read.84000.co/translation/toh116.html). However, although listed (paradoxically along with Avalokiteśvara) as being in the assembly that hears the teaching of this sūtra, in the sūtra itself he is grouped with the worldly spirits that Avalokiteśvara frightens.
lag na rin chen dang ldan|The name of a bodhisattva.
lag na rin chen|A great bodhisattva.
lag na rin chen|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
lag na rin po che|A great bodhisattva.
lag na rin po che|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
lag na rin po che|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
lag na rin po che|A bodhisattva from Displaying Leonine Power’s buddha realm.
lag na rin po che|In the Kāraṇḍavyūha he is, as well as being listed as present at Buddha Śākyamuni’s teachings, the one who is described in Śākyamuni’s memories as the bodhisattva who questions Buddha Vipaśyin. He is the principal bodhisattva being addressed by Śākyamuni in chapter 35 of the Avatamsaka Sūtra. In the early tantras he is one of the sixteen bodhisattvas in the dharmadhātu maṇḍala. In the higher tantras he is associated with the ratna family of Buddha Ratnasambhava.
lag na sbrang chang thogs pa|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lag na spos|A great bodhisattva.
lag pa bzang po|A head merchant’s son in Dhanyākara.
lag pa can|A great bodhisattva.
lag pa chen po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
lag pa dra ba can|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
lag pa mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
lag pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi; one of the kings of asuras.
lag pa|Hand (body part); cubit (unit of length); the eleventh (sometimes thirteenth) lunar asterism.
lag rdzogs|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
lag rna|A son of King Ikṣuvāku.
lag rtsis|The study of seals and insignia.
lag sgeg|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lag shugs sgra skad|Father of the buddha Mayūra.
lag|The name of a nakṣatra.
lag|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Alpha Orionis in the occidental tradition.
lam 'dzin pa|“Path Bearer.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
lam 'phags pa'i bden pa|Fourth of the four noble truths.
lam byin|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
lam bzhi|Listed here as the course that is painful and that is slow in superior cognition, the course that is painful and that is quick in superior cognition, the course that is pleasant and that is slow in superior cognition, and the course that is pleasant and that is quick in superior cognition.
lam chen ldan|A class of asuras.
lam chu sgra can|A mountain.
lam dkar po la gnas pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
lam gyi rnam pa shes pa nyid kyi shes pa|Also referred to as “knowledge of paths,” it is the knowledge of a bodhisattva.
lam gyi rnam pa shes pa nyid|Second of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
lam gyi rnam pa shes pa'i ye shes|Also referred to as “knowledge of paths,” it is the knowledge of a bodhisattva.
lam gyi rnam pa shes pa|Second of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
lam gyi yan lag brgyad|Right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
lam gyis dub pa|A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
lam med pa|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
lam pA ka|One of the two chandohas.
lam pa kI|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
lam pa ka|One of the two chandohas.
lam phran bstan|A disciple of the Buddha.
lam phran bstan|One of the disciples of the Buddha.
lam phran bstan|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
lam phran bstan|Śrāvaka arhat, one of the sixteen sthavira arhats (see “elder”).
lam phran|Another name for Cūḍapanthaka, a disciple of the Buddha.
lam shes pa|Eighth of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
lam snang dpal|A buddha realm.
lam yan lag brgyad pa|Correct view, intention, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. These eight are included in the thirty-seven factors of awakening.
lam yan lag brgyad|The eight branches of the path, belonging to the thirty-seven aids to awakening, are right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right meditative stabilization.
lam|Refers here to the eightfold path of the noble ones that belongs to the thirty-seven factors conducive to awakening: right view, thought, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and absorption.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba'i 'bras bu|The state achieved by a once-returner.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba'i 'bras bu|Second of the four fruits attainable by śrāvakas.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba'i 'bras bu|The second of the four levels of attainment of the vehicle of the śrāvakas, it is when one will only be reborn in saṃsāra once more.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba'i 'bras bu|One who has achieved the second of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who will only be reborn in saṃsāra once more.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba|A practitioner whose level of realization is such that he or she need only take one further saṃsāric rebirth to achieve enlightenment.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba|The second of the four attainments of śrāvakas, this term is used for those who will take only one more rebirth before attaining nirvāṇa.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba|Second of the four stages that culminate in becoming an arhat. At this stage, a being will only be reborn once again in the realm of desire.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba|One who has achieved the second of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path and who will have only one more rebirth before attaining liberation.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba|The second level of the four kinds of noble person (āryapudgala, {'phags pa'i gang zag}), who will only be reborn once more before attaining the state of arhat.
lan cig phyir 'ong ba|The second of the four (or eight) stages of the realization of the supermundane path (and fruit) leading to awakening. See “those who have entered the path of liberation.”
lan gcig phyir 'ong ba|A person who has attained the second of the four stages of spiritual achievement and is considered to be reborn in the realm of desire only one more time.
lan grangs gzhan la myong bar 'gyur ba'i las|One of the three types of karma whose results are experience neither in the present nor the next, but the subsequent lives. The other two types are the “karma that ripens in this life” (dṛṣṭa dharma vipāka or dṛṣṭa dharma vedanīya) and the “karma that is to be experienced in the immediately following life” (upapadya vedanīya).
lan tshwa'i rgya mtsho|One of the two pīlavas.
lan tshwa|A sea between Videha and Jambudvīpa
lang ba|Unidentified; the Tibetan translation could suggest the island of Langkawi. The Sanskrit text may be corrupt.
lang ga Na'i ri|A mountain in Pūrvavideha.
lang ka'i grong khyer na nges par gnas pa'i srin po|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
lang ka|The island of Ceylon.
lang ka|Present-day Śrī Laṅkā; the capital city of this island.
lang ka|The island presently called Sri Lanka, it was known as Ceylon while it was a British colony.
lang ku di ka|A monster in Unbearably Terrifying.
las 'bras ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
las brjod pa|After a motion is put to the saṅgha, a monk other than the petitioner must make a move to act on the motion.
las byed pa|The monk that moves the saṅgha act on an aspirant’s request to join the order and be ordained.
las bzhi|The four primary categories of ritual activities: pacifying, increasing, enthralling, and subjugating.
las chen po|A ruler of the Heaven Free from Strife.
las kyi 'bras bu|Literally meaning the “fruit” of action(s), karmic result denotes rebirth and karmic punishment and reward as a consequence of, and in accordance with the moral character of, one’s actions.
las kyi brang|One of the pīlavas.
las kyi phyag rgya|Lit. “action seal,” a worldly (human) consort. Also rendered here in Sanskrit as “karmamudrā.”
las kyi rigs|One of the five buddha families, it is presided over by the Tathāgata Amoghasiddhi.
las kyi rnam par smin pa|The complex process of the ripening of karma, i.e., the development of the karmic result ({las kyi 'bras bu}) of karmically relevant actions committed with body, speech and mind, by virtue of the power of the action as cause and supporting conditions.
las kyi sgrib pa|Obstructions due to past actions.
las kyi sgrib pa|Obscurations or obstructions caused by past deeds.
las kyi sgrib pa|The persistent physical, mental, or emotional obstacles to spiritual progress.
las kyi sgrib pa|The emotional and cognitive veils that create impediments in one’s life and prevent one from seeing the nature of reality.
las kyi sgrib pa|An obscuration consisting of negative actions committed in the past that prevents progress on the path to awakening in the present.
las kyi sgrub pa thams cad rnam par sbyong zhing re ba thams cad yongs su skong ba|An alternate title for The Detailed Account of the Previous Aspirations of the Thus-Gone Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha.
las med|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
las mi zad pa chen po bcu drug|These are described in the Nirvāṇa Sūtra as (1) raising and fattening sheep for market, (2) butchering sheep for profit, (3) raising and fattening pigs for market, (4) butchering pigs for profit, (5) raising and fattening cattle for market, (6) butchering cattle for profit, (7) raising and fattening fowl for market, (8) butchering fowl for profit, (9) fishing, (10) hunting, being a (11) brigand, (12) executioner, (13) bird catcher, (14) liar, (15) or jailer, and (16) casting incantations on nāgas.
las mngon sum|A mountain range surrounding the hell of Embers Within.
las rnam pa drug|Read as a variant of the Tib. {bram ze'i las drug}, they are (1) reading ({klog pa}), (2) encouraging others to read ({klog tu 'jug pa}), (3) making sacrificial offerings ({mchod sbyin}), (4) encouraging others to perform sacrificial offerings ({mchod sbyin byed du 'jug pa}), (5) practicing giving/giving alms ({sbyin pa}), and (6) accepting alms/offerings ({len pa}) (Rigzin 285).
las sbyin ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
las sna tshogs can|Literally “maker of sundry things,” Viśvakarma is the architect of the gods. He was an important deity in early Hinduism. In the Ṛg Veda, he is regarded as the personification of ultimate reality, the abstract creative power inherent in deities and in living and nonliving beings in this universe.
las thams cad pa|A god.
las|Meaning “action” in its most basic sense, karma is an important concept in Buddhist philosophy as the cumulative force of previous physcial, verbal, and mental acts, which determines present experience and will determine future existences.
las|A single term is used in Sanskrit and Tibetan to denote both an “action” as a conditioning factor and the “karma” that it conditions. In translation it may be necessary to use one term or the other to clarify the meaning, but the source term is no different.
las|Generally meaning “work,” or “action,” it is an important concept in Buddhist philosophy as the cumulative force of previous actions, which determines present experience and will determine future existences. In this text, it is left untranslated when this specific conception of moral causation is implied.
las|Karmic accumulation, positive or negative, that will produce results in the future, unless it is purified. This term is also translated in other instances as “activity” or “rite.” In these latter cases the term refers to a ritual activity (such as pacifying, nourishing, etc.) or a rite meant to accomplish such activity.
las|A rite that is meant to accomplish an activity (such as pacifying, nourishing, etc.). This term is also translated in other instances as “activity,” “karma,” “karman,” or “karmic accumulation.” In the latter three cases the term refers to karmic accumulation, positive or negative, that will produce results in the future, unless it is purified.
las|Matters that govern the saṅgha community’s daily life, regular observances (such as the rains retreat and the purification) and special events (like ordination) are ratified by a formal act of the saṅgha. There are one hundred and one such types of formal acts, all of which fall into one of three categories depending on the procedure needed for ratification. An act of motion alone requires only a petition; an act whose second member is a motion require a motion and the statement of the act; while an act whose fourth member is a motion require a motion and three statements of the act.
lba ba|A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
lcags bzang|The precise identity of this metal or metal compound is currently unclear. The Tibetan translation of the term means “high-quality metal.”
lcags can|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
lcags dang ce spyang za|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
lcags gsum|The three usually are gold, silver and copper.
lcags kyi bum pa|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
lcags kyi ce spyang gi zas|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
lcags kyi me 'bar ba'i gtun shing|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
lcags kyi me|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell. Alternatively referred to as Heap of Live Coals of Iron-dust ({lcags kyi phye ma me ma dag gi ra ba}).
lcags kyi phung po|A mountain off Videha.
lcags kyi phye ma me mdag gi ra ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell. Alternatively referred to as Metallic Fire ({lcags kyi me}).
lcags kyi sgo|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its thirtieth week.
lcags kyis bsgyur ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
lcags kyu can|A goddess.
lcags kyu'i rgyal po|It is not clear who Aṅkuśarāja is; this could be a name variant of Amoghāṅkuśa.
lcags kyu|Fifth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
lcags nag po'i skud pas 'dral zhing gcud pa tsha ba|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
lcags sgrog ma|One of the goddesses.
lcags sgrog|It is not clear who this goddess is. This could be a variant spelling of Saṅkalā.
lcags snam|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
lcags tshal dgon pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
lcang lo can|The world of yakṣas ruled over by Kubera.
lcang lo can|The name of a city on Mount Sumeru, and the main palace in that city.
lcang lo|The realm of Kubera.
lcang sngo|A yakṣiṇī who converted to Buddhism.
lce 'babs pa|A thunderbolt or flash of lightning.
lce che zhing srab pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the tenth of the thirty-two signs of a great being. In most other sources, the Tibetan is rendered as “very long and slender tongue” ({ljags shin tu ring zhing srab pa}), but the underlying Sanskrit is likely the same or similar at the very least.
lce ldan|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lce'i khams|Tenth of the eighteen sensory elements.
lce'i rnam par shes pa'i khams|One of the eighteen constituents.
lce'i rnam par shes pa'i khams|Twelfth of the eighteen sensory elements.
lce'i skye mched|Fourth of the twelve sense fields.
lces gdong gi dkyil 'khor thams cad khebs|This description is in reference to one of the thirty-two signs of a great being. In some lists of the signs, this one is simply described as having a long and slender tongue, but in others it is explained that the tongue is capable of reaching anywhere on the face up to the hairline.
ldan ba|A south Indian king contemporary with Mahendra.
ldan snang|Attendant of the buddha Rāhucandra.
ldang ba|One of the pratyeka buddhas in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī (it is not clear if upāriṣṭa here is a variant spelling of upariṣṭa, i.e. one of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas).
ldang sko ska|Mythical eight-legged lion.
ldem po ngag|Speech with undisclosed meaning; speech that is indirect and therefore requires further interpretation.
ldem po'i ngag|Speech that is allusive, indirect, or contains undisclosed meaning and therefore requires further interpretation.
ldog par gnas|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ldog pa|In Buddhist logic, the term “distinguishing counterpart” (vyāvṛtti, {ldog pa}) denotes a given phenomenon that conceptually appears to be the opposite of a phenomenon of a dissimilar class but is not actually existent, such as the idea of a specific form that appears in conceptual thought.
ldong ros|Arsenic ore, used as a yellow pigment.
le brgan rtsi|Carthamus tinctorius.
le lo thams cad dang bral ba|Lit. “separated from all laziness.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
le lo|One of the twenty auxiliary afflictions (Skt. upakleśa) derived from ignorance.
le'u du pa ti|This name is transcribed from the Chinese 牢度跋提. We have been unable to determine the meaning of this name, or a Sanskrit equivalent. In the Chinese, this figure is described as a “great god” rather than a “great king.”
le'u gsum ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
leb rgan|A distinctive shade of red now known as “rose madder,” common in ancient India and derived from the root of the madder plant (Rubia manjista/Rubia tinctorum). According to the Mahāvyutpatti, the Tibetan should be {btsod}.
legs 'byor|Son of the buddha Yaśomati.
legs 'byor|Birthplace of the buddha Sūrata.
legs 'byor|Attendant of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna ketu.
legs 'byor|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
legs 'byung|A buddha realm.
legs 'byung|Son of the buddha Vipulabuddhi.
legs 'dud ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs 'gro|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs 'khrungs|A buddha in the past.
legs 'ongs|A disciple of the Buddha.
legs 'ongs|Son of the buddha Ratnayaśas.
legs 'ongs|A pupil of the Buddha, originally a destitute beggar, who, in particular, accidentally drank alcohol offered by villagers after he had tamed a nāga to end a drought. This resulted in the Buddha’s adding abstention from alcohol as part of the monastic rules.
legs 'ongs|Svāgata was a pupil of the Buddha, originally a destitute beggar, who, in particular, accidentally drank alcohol offered by villagers after he had tamed a nāga to end a drought. This resulted in the Buddha’s adding abstention from alcohol as part of the monastic rules.
legs brgyan pa rin chen gdugs|A future buddha realm where Vaiśravaṇa will awaken.
legs brtsegs ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
legs brtsegs|Father of the buddha Guṇabala.
legs bsams grags ma|Mother of the buddha Abhaya.
legs bsams grags pa|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmamuni.
legs bsams grags pa|The 415th buddha in the first list, 414th in the second list, and 408th in the third list.
legs bsams sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇḍita.
legs bsgrubs grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Caraṇabhrāja.
legs byams|Attendant of the buddha Anihatavrata.
legs byin lha'i yon tan dbang po|The 616th buddha in the first list, 615th in the second list, and 608th in the third list.
legs byin|A prince.
legs byin|An ascetic statesman.
legs byin|Father of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
legs byin|Attendant of the buddha Sundarapārśva.
legs byin|The 615th buddha in the first list, 614th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
legs byin|An ancient king of Kāmarūpa. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-088-038.html#UT22084-088-038-7458 .
legs byung rnam brgyan|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Susaṃbhava viyūha .
legs bzangs|Father of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
legs bzangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
legs bzang|Father of the buddha Dharaṇīdhara.
legs bzang|Father of the buddha Dundubhi megha svara.
legs bzang|Father of the buddha Vigata mohārtha cintin.
legs dag|Attendant of the buddha Chedana.
legs dbang|Attendant of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
legs de sde|An ascetic statesman.
legs dga'|Son of the buddha Puṇyarāśi.
legs dga'|Father of the buddha Maṇidharman.
legs dga'|Attendant of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
legs dgyes|The 889th buddha in the first list, 888th in the second list, and 879th in the third list.
legs don spyod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavīrya.
legs dul sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suvaktra.
legs gnas mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
legs gnas zhabs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmadhvaja (753 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs gnas|Attendant of the buddha Harivaktra.
legs gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahābala.
legs gnas|The 546th buddha in the first list, 546th in the second list, and 539th in the third list.
legs grags|Son of the buddha Vighuṣṭarāja.
legs grol|Son of the buddha Udāragarbha.
legs grub|Father of the buddha Siṃhagati.
legs gshegs|The 655th buddha in the first list, 654th in the second list, and 646th in the third list.
legs gsung|A buddha in the past.
legs gtso|Attendant of the buddha Gandheśvara.
legs gzigs dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs kyi sde|A Tibetan translator.
legs ldan 'byed|(c. a.d. 400). A major Indian philosopher, a master of the Mādhyamika school of Buddhism, who founded a sub-school known as Svātantrika.
legs ldan mthong|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there; the city of Indra.
legs ldan|A monk.
legs ldan|Son of the buddha Harṣadatta.
legs ldan|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
legs lha mo|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs mchod ma|Mother of the buddha Śrīprabha.
legs mchod|Son of the buddha Meruraśmi.
legs mchod|Father of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.
legs mchod|Attendant of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
legs mchod|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhānumat.
legs mchog|Attendant of the buddha Puṃgava.
legs mchog|Father of the buddha Jñānaratna.
legs mdzad|The 635th buddha in the first list, 634th in the second list, and 627th in the third list.
legs mdzad|A buddha in the past. Note that there appear to be three distinct buddhas with the name Kṣemaṃkara as is listed at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5407 . See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5278 .
legs mthong bzod|Son of the buddha Mahāmitra.
legs mthong chen po|A wheel-turning king who was the Buddha in a former life.
legs mthong dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Hutārci.
legs mthong dga'|Son of the buddha Cāritraka.
legs mthong na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
legs mthong sgron ma'i rgyal po|Father of the buddha Ratnapriya.
legs mthong yid 'phrog|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
legs mthong zla ba|Father of the buddha Jitaśatru.
legs mthong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
legs mthong|Here, this is probably the name of one of the cakravartin kings.
legs mthong|A future buddha. Also the name of the son of a householder, see “Sudarśana.”
legs mthong|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there; the city of Indra.
legs mthong|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amoghadarśin (61 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs mthong|(1) King who appears during the elephant Airāvaṇa’s previous life as a brahmin ({legs mthong}). (2) The city of Śakra ({legs mthong} and {lta na sdug}).
legs mthu|Son of the buddha Nāgadatta.
legs mthu|Father of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
legs nges thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anihatavrata.
legs pa bsags pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Varabuddhi.
legs pa snyan grags|A head merchant, the father of a previous life of Gopā.
legs pa'i blo gros ma|Mother of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja.
legs pa'i blo gros|The ninth bodhisattva bhūmi.
legs pa'i blo gros|Father of the buddha Pradyota.
legs pa'i blo gros|The name of a bodhisattva stage.
legs pa'i blo gros|The ninth ground of the bodhisattvas.
legs pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇagupta.
legs pa'i blo gros|Lit. “Auspicious Intellect.” The ninth level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
legs pa'i blo|A great bodhisattva.
legs pa'i blo|The ninth bodhisattva bhūmi.
legs pa'i blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sucittayaśas (408 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs pa'i byang chub|Attendant of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
legs pa'i dbyangs|A queen of King Sarvārthasiddha.
legs pa'i lha|Son of the buddha Arhaddeva.
legs pa'i lha|Father of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
legs pa'i mchod sbyin|Attendant of the buddha Anuttarajñānin.
legs pa'i snying po|Father of the buddha Padmagarbha.
legs pa'i spyan|A thus-gone one of the past.
legs par 'jam pa|A south Indian king contemporary with Mahendra.
legs par 'jug pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Departed to a Lotus. Likely the same as the world system Joyful Entrance.
legs par 'ongs|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs par 'thab pa|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
legs par brtags spyod|A monk.
legs par brtan po sbed|Birthplace of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
legs par bsam pa sems pa khyad par blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
legs par bsam pa sems pa|Name of a bodhisattva.
legs par bsam pa sems|Birthplace of the buddha Śreṣṭharūpa.
legs par bsams pa sems pa chos kyi blo gros ma|Mother of the buddha Dharmadatta.
legs par bsams pa'i smon lam yongs su grub pa|A buddha.
legs par bshad pa|A well-crafted verse or teaching that elegantly and succinctly expresses key points of doctrine. In Indic literature broadly, poetic aphorisms that were often collected into anthologies.
legs par bsrungs pa'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Anupamarāṣṭra.
legs par byin pa chen po|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
legs par byin|Sudatta was a great lay patron of the Buddha and philanthropist of Śrāvastī, and is more commonly called Anāthapiṇḍada ({mgon med zas sbyin}); he known as “the foremost of donors” (Pāli; aggo dāyakānaṃ).
legs par byung|“Well arisen.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
legs par bzhud pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
legs par don sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śāntimati (247 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs par drangs pa|The name of an eon (kalpa).
legs par dul|Birthplace of the buddha Dharaṇīdhara.
legs par gang ba|A mountain between Godānīya and Videha.
legs par gnas pa'i sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahādatta.
legs par gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
legs par gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śānta (292 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs par gsungs dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Arciṣmat.
legs par gsungs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Marutpūjita (791 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs par gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūkṣmabuddhi (613 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs par mchod pa'i bsung ldan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sārathi.
legs par pha rol phyin rta|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs par rab sad|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs par rab tu gnas pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇendradeva (608 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs par rab tu gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Susthita.
legs par rab tu zhi ba'i dpal dbyangs kyi dbang phyug gi rgyal po|A buddha who lives to the east of this world.
legs par rgyal ba|A brahmin statesman.
legs par rnam par 'jog pa'i 'phen pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
legs par rnyed pa|Name of Buddha Śākyamuni in a past life, when he was a merchant practicing bodhisattva conduct.
legs par rtogs pa'i ye shes|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Chedana.
legs par sbyangs pa'i blo|The 172nd buddha in the first list, 171st in the second list, and 171st in the third list.
legs par sbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmarāja.
legs par sems|A god.
legs par sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
legs par sgra sgrogs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sunetra (11) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs par skyes|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇabala.
legs par skyes|The 331st buddha in the first list, 330th in the second list, and 325th in the third list.
legs par sprul pa|The name of Surata’s buddhafield after he becomes awakened.
legs par spyad pa'i go cha|A buddha.
legs par spyod pa rnam pa gsum|Refers to perfect conduct by way of body, speech, and mind.
legs par spyod pa'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Satyadeva (439 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs par thob pa dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sunlight.
legs par yang dag zhugs|A great bodhisattva.
legs par zos pa|A mountain between Kuru and Godānīya.
legs pa|Son of the buddha Samadhyāyin.
legs pa|The realm of the Buddha Siddhārtha.
legs rgal|Father of the buddha Tejasprabha.
legs rtogs|Father of the buddha Udāragarbha.
legs rtogs|Monarch of Videha during Siṃhahanu’s reign in Kapilavastu, at the time of the Buddha’s birth as Siddhārtha Gautama. His daughters were Mahā māyā (the Buddha’s mother) and Māyā. See “Śākya Suprabuddha.”
legs sbas|Attendant of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
legs sbyin|A householder.
legs sbyin|A great bodhisattva.
legs sems grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
legs sems ma|Mother of the buddha Aśoka.
legs sems|Son of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
legs sems|Father of the buddha Kuśalaprabha.
legs sems|Attendant of the buddha Arthabuddhi.
legs sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇaskandha.
legs sems|The 76th buddha in the first list, 76th in the second list, and 77th in the third list.
legs sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇākara (285 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
legs shes ldan|Father of the buddha Jñānaruci.
legs shes|Attendant of the buddha Meghadhvaja.
legs skyes ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs skyes ma|A certain lay vow holder in Śrāvastī. Though in the Lalitavistara Sūtra and elsewhere a young woman named Sujātā is among those said to have given food to Gautama prior to his enlightenment, in this text and in the Divyāvadāna that deed is credited to Nandā and Nandabalā.
legs skyes|Father of the buddha Gandheśvara.
legs skyes|Attendant of the buddha Puṇyatejas.
legs skyes|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs skyes|The 225th buddha in the first list, 224th in the second list, and 224th in the third list.
legs smon|A self-awakened one.
legs snang|Father of the buddha Kṛtavarman.
legs snang|Attendant of the buddha Drumendra.
legs sngo|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
legs spong byin|Mother of the buddha Jñānapriya.
legs spong|Father of the buddha Dharmakośa.
legs sprul|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍhakrama.
legs spyad rnam smin|The 888th buddha in the first list, 887th in the second list, and 878th in the third list.
legs spyad|Attendant of the buddha Guṇasañcaya.
legs spyod ldan|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
legs ston|The 856th buddha in the first list, 855th in the second list, and 845th in the third list.
legs tshogs can|The 345th buddha in the first list, 344th in the second list, and 339th in the third list.
legs yid gzhungs|Father of the buddha Kusumaparvata.
legs yid gzhung|Father of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
legs zhi|Son of the buddha Jñānasāgara.
legs zhi|Father of the buddha Guṇavīrya.
legs zhi|Attendant of the buddha Praśāntamala.
len pa bzhi|Four negative appropriations: that of desire, that of view, that of the view of the self, and that of moral supremacy.
len pa med pa'i mu khyud|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
len pa med par zag pa rnams las sems rnam par grol|To achieve liberation without needing to take further rebirth, or appropriation of the five aggregates, in saṃsāra.
len pa|The ninth link of dependent arising.
len pa|The ninth of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
len pa|Ninth of the twelve links of dependent arising. For the four appropriations, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-057-006.html#UT22084-057-006-398 .
len pa|In some texts, four types of appropriation are listed: of desire (rāga), of view (dṛṣṭi), of rules and observances as paramount (śīla vrata parāmarśa), and of belief in a self (ātmavāda). The term {nye bar len pa} also means “grasping” and it was rendered as such when it refers to the ninth of the twelve links of dependent origination, between craving and becoming.
len pa|Also means “grasping” or “clinging;” but has a particular meaning as the ninth of the twelve links of dependent arising, between craving (tṛṣṇā, {sred pa}) and becoming or existence (bhava, {srid pa}). In some texts, four types of appropriation are listed: of desire (rāga), of view (dṛṣṭi), of rules and observances as paramount (śīla vrata parāmarśa), and of belief in a self (ātmavāda). Only the first three are mentioned in this sūtra.
len|cf. Sanskrit text in Matsuda 2013, p. 940 ad Lamotte VIII.40.
lha 'bangs|Bondmen bound to serve the saṅgha.
lha 'dod|Father of the buddha Siṃhagati.
lha 'dod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anunnata (771 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha 'dzin|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lha 'joms ma|‟One Who Captivates the Gods,” One of the eight great bhūtinīs.
lha 'od|Mother of the buddha Satyabhāṇin.
lha 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
lha bdag ma|Mother of the buddha Asaṅgakośa.
lha bdag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmā.
lha bdag|The 947th buddha in the first list, 946th in the second list, and 937th in the third list.
lha bden|The 446th buddha in the first list, 445th in the second list, and 439th in the third list.
lha bde|Father of the buddha Dīptatejas.
lha brtsegs|A bodhisattva.
lha brtsegs|Birthplace of the buddha Abhyudgata.
lha byed|Son of the buddha Akṣobhya.
lha byed|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lha byin|A cousin of Buddha Śākyamuni who broke with him and established his own community. His tradition was still continuing during the first millennium ce. He is portrayed as engendering evil schemes against the Buddha and even succeeding in wounding him. He is usually identified with wicked beings in accounts of previous lifetimes.
lha bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Amitabuddhi.
lha bzang|Attendant of the buddha Maṇigaṇa.
lha bzang|Father of the buddha Ananta rati kīrti.
lha bzang|A bodhisattva who appears in The Teaching by the Child Inconceivable Radiance.
lha chen blo gros|Mother of the buddha Tejorāśi.
lha chen po'i a mra'i tshal|A certain mango grove in the country of Mithilā where the Buddha once stayed.
lha chen po|A king who became a monk.
lha chen po|‟Great God,” one of the epithets of Śiva.
lha chen po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lha chen po|A wheel-turning king who was the Buddha in a former life. It is also the name of his eldest son and the other eighty-four thousand eldest sons in his line of succession.
lha chen po|In former times, the king of the city of Mithilā. His two chief ministers were Nanda and Upananda.\nIn other contexts, sometimes an epithet of the god Śiva, see “Mahā deva.”
lha chen po|An epithet of the god Śiva. Though not in this text, in other texts this term may also appear as an epithet of the Buddha. Alternatively a certain king of Mithilā who lived before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni, see “Mahā deva (the king).”
lha chen rgyal po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candrapradīpa.
lha chen|Attendant of the buddha Asaṅgakośa.
lha chen|The god Śiva. Also referred to in the MMK as Maheśvara.
lha chen|Belonging or relating to the god Śiva; a devotee or follower of Śiva; see “Śiva.”
lha chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Lokasundara (360 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha chos|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
lha dad rab brgyan|Father of the buddha Devarāja.
lha dad sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhava tṛṣṇā mala prahīṇa.
lha dad|Birthplace of the buddha Marutpūjita.
lha dag dga'|The 306th buddha in the first list, 305th in the second list, and 300th in the third list.
lha dang mi gang dag de dag gi sku mthong ba de dag tshim par 'gyur|Sixty-fifth of the eighty minor marks.
lha dbang 'od|The kalyāṇamitra of chapter 45, a goddess of the Trāyastriṃśa paradise.
lha dbang gtso bo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Devarāja.
lha dbang gtsug phud|A buddha in the distant past in chapter 36, and another buddha in the distant past in chapter 41.
lha dbang snying po|A buddha in the distant past.
lha dbang|Son of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
lha dbang|Attendant of the buddha Candra.
lha dbang|Father of the buddha Ananta guṇa tejorāśi.
lha dbang|Another name for Śakra, also known as Indra.
lha dbang|The 717th buddha in the first list, 716th in the second list, and 706th in the third list.
lha dga' ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
lha dga' ba|Attendant of the buddha Sthitabuddhi.
lha dga' kha lo sgyur|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Keturāṣṭra.
lha dga' ma|Mother of the buddha Dharmacchattra.
lha dga' phrug gu|Father of the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa.
lha dga'|Father of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
lha dga'|Attendant of the buddha Guṇākara.
lha dga'|Mother of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
lha dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Dhārmika.
lha dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
lha dga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Asaṅgakīrti (621 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha don|One of the nakṣatras.
lha gdugs|Father of the buddha Udgata.
lha gnas|A yakṣa, attendant of King Māndhātṛ.
lha grags 'dzin|Mother of the buddha Prasanna.
lha grags thar pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amṛtādhipa.
lha grags|Birthplace of the buddha Marudyaśas.
lha grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Druma.
lha grags|The 268th buddha in the first list, 267th in the second list, and 267th in the third list.
lha gsal|Son of the buddha Deva.
lha gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anihata.
lha gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sumedhas (346 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha klu sde brgyad|The eight classes are gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, and mahoragas.
lha la dad|Son of the buddha Maruttejas.
lha ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
lha ldan|Son of the buddha Dharmacandra.
lha ldan|Attendant of the buddha Vimalarāja.
lha legs|Son of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
lha legs|Father of the buddha Vigatamala.
lha legs|Attendant of the buddha Vighuṣṭaśabda.
lha lus|Father of the buddha Ratna svara ghoṣa.
lha ma yin dbang bdag mo|Mother of the buddha Rāhu.
lha ma yin gyi bdag mo|Mother of the buddha Rāhudeva.
lha ma yin gyi bu mo|A female asura.
lha ma yin gyi dbang po'i nang spyod|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
lha ma yin gyi gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Indrama.
lha ma yin gyi lha|Father of the buddha Marutskandha.
lha ma yin gyi lha|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padmaśrī.
lha ma yin|One of the six classes of sentient beings. The asuras are engendered and dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility and are metaphorically described as being incessantly embroiled in disputes with the gods (deva). They are frequently portrayed in brahmanical mythology as having a disruptive effect on cosmological and social harmony.
lha ma yin|One of the six classes of living beings, sometimes included among the gods and sometimes among the animals. A class of superhuman beings, sometimes misleadingly called demigods, engendered and dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility, who are metaphorically described as being incessantly embroiled in a dispute with the gods over the possession of a magical tree.
lha ma yin|A class of beings, accounts of which can be traced back to the Vedas. They are often considered inferior, even demonic, deities. In Buddhist contexts, they are generally depicted as being in constant conflict with the gods due to their intense jealousy. They are often considered one of the six realms of rebirth in saṃsāra, although they are sometimes classified together with the gods.
lha ma yin|One of the six classes of living beings, asuras are sometimes included among the gods and sometimes among the animals. They are engendered and dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility and are metaphorically described as being incessantly embroiled in disputes with the gods (devas). They are frequently portrayed in brahmanical mythology as having a disruptive effect on cosmological and social harmony.
lha ma yin|One of the six classes of sentient beings, asuras are sometimes included among the gods and sometimes among the animals. They are engendered and dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility and are metaphorically described as being incessantly embroiled in disputes with the gods (devas). They are frequently portrayed in brahmanical mythology as having a disruptive effect on cosmological and social harmony.
lha ma yin|One of the six classes of sentient beings, they are engendered and dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility and are described as being incessantly embroiled in disputes with the gods (devas). They are frequently portrayed in Indian mythology as having a disruptive effect on cosmological and social harmony. They are one of the eight classes of nonhuman beings ({sde brgyad po}) said to have been present when the Buddha taught the Mahāyāna sūtras.
lha mang dag gis snyan bsgrags pa|The 835th buddha in the first list, 834th in the second list, and 824th in the third list.
lha mchod ma|Mother of the buddha Ratnābhacandra.
lha mchod|Son of the buddha Somaraśmi.
lha mchod|Attendant of the buddha Asaṅga.
lha mchod|Father of the buddha Caraṇaprasanna.
lha mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Adoṣa.
lha mchog mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Balatejojñāna.
lha mchog me tog mchod grags|Son of the buddha Vratasthita.
lha mchog sems pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gandhābha.
lha mchog|Son of the buddha Amohavihārin.
lha mchog|The 606th buddha in the first list, 605th in the second list, and 599th in the third list.
lha mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arthamati (412 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha mdzes ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs; also, one of the group of seven yakṣiṇīs.
lha mdzes|A nāga king.
lha mdzes|The chief queen of the king Utpalavaktra.
lha mdzes|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prāmodyarāja.
lha min bu mo|A female asura.
lha min dbang po|A king of the asuras.
lha min mchod rten|Birthplace of the buddha Rāhu.
lha min mo|A female asura.
lha min|In Tibetan, māra is usually rendered as {bdud}; {lha min} usually translates asura (“demigod”).
lha min|A class of divine beings ranking below gods (deva), known for their jealous and warlike disposition.
lha min|The traditional adversaries of the devas (gods), who are frequently portrayed in brahmanical mythology as having a disruptive effect on cosmological and social harmony.
lha min|A class of nonhuman beings that are engaged in a perpetual war with the gods (deva) for possession of the nectar of immortality. In Buddhist cosmology, they count as one of the six classes of beings and are tormented by their intense jealousy of the gods.
lha min|A class of semidivine beings who are engaged in a mythic war with the gods (deva) for possession of the nectar of immortality. In Buddhist cosmology, they inhabit the realm neighboring that of the gods, from which they observe the gods with intense jealousy.
lha min|One of the six classes of sentient beings. The asuras are engendered and dominated by envy, ambition, and hostility and are metaphorically described as being incessantly embroiled in disputes with the gods (deva). They are frequently portrayed in brahmanical mythology as having a disruptive effect on cosmological and social harmony.
lha mi|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nāgadatta.
lha mo 'dra|The name of a nakṣatra.
lha mo chen mo dpal|“Glorious Great Goddess.” This is also a widespread name in Hindu contexts; it is, for example, an epithet of Śiva’s consort.
lha mo chen mo|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
lha mo dka' zlog|Another name of Umā, one of Śiva’s wives.
lha mo ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lha mo sgra dbyangs|The goddess of eloquence, learning, and music.
lha mo sgyu 'phrul chen mo|The mother of the Buddha.
lha mo sgyu 'phrul|Buddha’s mother.
lha mo sgyu 'phrul|Buddha Śākyamuni’s mother.
lha mo sgyu ma|The queen who was the mother of Śākyamuni Buddha.
lha mo sprin chen phreng ldan ma|A goddess.
lha mo u ma|Umādevī is also known as Pārvatī. The name is of obscure origin, but can mean “splendor,” “tranquility,” or “light.” She is the consort of Śiva, also known as Maheśvara, and believed to be the rebirth of Sīta, his previous consort.
lha mo'i dbang phyug|Mother of the buddha Aṅgaja.
lha mo'i mkhar|One of the four auxiliary pīṭhas.
lha mo|One of the eight great bhūtinīs.
lha mo|Sometimes also translated “celestial maiden.”
lha mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
lha mo|Popular figures in Indian culture, they are said to be goddesses of the clouds and water. They are also portrayed as the wives of the gandharvas who are the court musicians for Śakra/Indra on top of Mount Meru.
lha mo|In this sūtra, “apsaras” (or “apsarases” in plural) is synonymous with devī, the female equivalent of deva. In Indian culture, it is also the name for goddesses of the clouds and water, and the wives of the gandharvas.
lha mo|The “apsarases” are popular figures in Indian culture, they are said to be goddesses of the clouds and water and to be wives of the gandharvas. However, in the Kāraṇḍavyūha, they are presented as the female equivalent of the devas. Therefore the Tibetan has translated them as if the word were devī (“goddess’’).
lha mthar byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
lha mthong|A Śākya village once ruled by Śākya Suprabuddha.
lha mtshams|The name of a nakṣatra.
lha mtshams|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lha mtshams|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Delta Scorpii in the occidental tradition.
lha rdzas bzang po|Father of the buddha Mahātejas.
lha rgyal|The 701st buddha in the first list, 700th in the second list, and 690th in the third list.
lha rjes su dran pa|Sixth of the ten recollections.
lha rnams dad par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyamati.
lha rnams dga' ba|A pond in Continuous Movement.
lha rnams kyi dbang po|Epithet of Śakra.
lha sa|A xylograph Kangyur printed in 1934. Based mainly on the Narthang ({snar thang}) Kangyur but with some texts following the Degé Kangyur, it is among several Kangyurs of “mixed” lineage, including elements from the Thempangma ({them spangs ma}) in addition to the predominating Tshalpa ({tshal pa}) traditions.
lha sbed|Son of the buddha Āryastuta.
lha sbyin|The Śākyan cousin of the Buddha traditionally depicted as eager for gain and jealous of the Buddha’s fame.
lha sbyin|A cousin of the Buddha Śākyamuni, generally portrayed as a jealous rival who committed hostile acts against the Buddha in attempt to usurp his leadership.
lha sbyin|The historical Buddha’s cousin, and brother of Ānanda. He became notorious through his schemes to become the Buddha’s successor—to the point of attempting to kill the Buddha—and through the splitting of the Saṅgha.
lha sbyin|The Buddha’s cousin and fellow Śākya clan member as well as his brother-in-law; brother of Ānanda and Upadhāna. His hostility toward Buddha Śākyamuni is widely recorded in Buddhist literature, and as a result he often represents the paradigm of improper behavior and attitudes toward the Buddha and the Buddhist saṅgha.
lha sbyin|A cousin of Buddha Śākyamuni who broke with him and established his own community. His tradition was still continuing during the first millennium ce. He is portrayed as engendering evil schemes against the Buddha and even succeeding in wounding him. He is usually identified with wicked beings in accounts of previous lifetimes.
lha sbyin|A cousin of the Buddha Śākyamuni who broke with him and established his own community. His tradition was still continuing during the first millennium ᴄᴇ. He is portrayed as engendering evil schemes against the Buddha and even succeeding in wounding him. He is usually identified with wicked beings in accounts of previous lifetimes.
lha sdug|Son of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
lha sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sarvatejas.
lha shing gi nags|A forest on Forest Garlands.
lha thams cad pa|The 878th buddha in the first list, 877th in the second list, and 868th in the third list.
lha tshig nges tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
lha tshogs|The 417th buddha in the first list, 416th in the second list, and 410th in the third list.
lha yi 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāraśmi (371 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi 'od|Mother of the buddha Sucandra.
lha yi 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Ananta rati kīrti.
lha yi bdag po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Uttīrṇaśoka (926 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi blo gros|Mother of the buddha Lokapriya.
lha yi bu mo|Sometimes also translated “goddess.”
lha yi bu mo|A class of female celestial beings known for their great beauty.
lha yi cod pan|A buddha in the distant past.
lha yi dbang phyug ma|Mother of the buddha Parvatendra.
lha yi dbang phyug|Mother of the buddha Ratnapradatta.
lha yi dbang po|An epithet of Indra.
lha yi dbang po|Attendant of the buddha Amita.
lha yi dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vighuṣṭaśabda.
lha yi dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇarāśi (751 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi dgra|A Hindu deity.
lha yi dpal gyi mchog|The names of two buddhas in the distant past. One may have been Devaśrīvara, where the last part of the compound was translated into {mchog}. BHS: Devaśirigarbha.
lha yi dpal|The 37th buddha in the first list, 37th in the second list, and 38th in the third list.
lha yi drang srong|The 407th buddha in the first list, 406th in the second list, and 400th in the third list.
lha yi gdugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānasūrya (256 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi gzhal med 'dod pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ananta guṇa tejorāśi.
lha yi gzhal med mtshungs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
lha yi gzi brjid|The 452nd buddha in the first list, 451st in the second list, and 445th in the third list.
lha yi kha lo sgyur ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Marutpūjita.
lha yi mchod gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samṛddha (750 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi mchod rten|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthitamitra (414 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāraśmi (463 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi me tog|The 104th buddha in the first list, 104th in the second list, and 105th in the third list.
lha yi me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaprabhāsa (881 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi mig|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vāsava.
lha yi mthu rtsal|The 444th buddha in the first list, 443rd in the second list, and 437th in the third list.
lha yi pad ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pūrṇacandra (505 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi rdzu 'phrul|Father of the buddha Akṣobhya.
lha yi rgyal mtshan|Mother of the buddha Ṛṣiprasanna.
lha yi rgyal po|A sage who sacrificed his head for a teaching.
lha yi rgyal po|Another name of the king identified by Jayaswal as king Skanda (Jayaswal 1934, p. 33).
lha yi rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sarvārtha darśin (217 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi sgra|The 860th buddha in the first list, 859th in the second list, and 849th in the third list.
lha yi snying po'i dpal|The names of two buddhas in the distant past. One may have been Devaśrīvara, where the last part of the compound was translated into {mchog}. BHS: Devaśirigarbha.
lha yi spyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prasannabuddhi (472 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yi zla ba|Mother of the buddha Marudadhipa.
lha yis bkod|Birthplace of the buddha Kṛtārtha.
lha yis brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Amarapriya.
lha yis bsgrags|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāpraṇāda.
lha yis mchod pa|The 802nd buddha in the first list, 801st in the second list, and 791st in the third list.
lha yis mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
lha yis mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Surabhigandha.
lha yis mchod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anuttarajñānin (711 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lha yis phyag byas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Mahātejas.
lha yis phyag byas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhahastin.
lha yis sprul|Birthplace of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
lha yul mchod|Mother of the buddha Priyacandra.
lha'i 'dun sa|The assembly place where the thirty-three gods of Trāyastriṃśa heaven gather, which is located to the southwest of the city of Sudarśana and which is known as Sudharmā (“Good Dharma”).
lha'i 'od zer|Son of the buddha Ratnadhara.
lha'i 'od zer|Mother of the buddha Amohavihārin.
lha'i 'od zer|Attendant of the buddha Meruprabha.
lha'i 'od|Son of the buddha Durjaya.
lha'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Jagadīśvara.
lha'i 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
lha'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Pradīparāja.
lha'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vāsava.
lha'i 'od|The 677th buddha in the first list, 676th in the second list, and 668th in the third list.
lha'i bang rim|One of the eight great nāgas.
lha'i bdud rtsi|A divine nectar, panacea against death.
lha'i bdud rtsi|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candraprabha.
lha'i bdud|One of four māras or demonic forces that hinder progress on the path.
lha'i bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnavyūha.
lha'i brgyan pa|A buddha realm.
lha'i bshes gnyen|An courtesan in Ratnavyūha.
lha'i bu dbang phyug chen po|A god.
lha'i bu dbang phyug chen po|A chief god who abides in the pure heavens. In Buddhism, Maheśvara is typically portrayed as mounted on a white bull, showing his close association with the Hindu god Śiva.
lha'i bu med|A celestial nymph.
lha'i bu mo la 'bod pa|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lha'i bu mo rnams rtse dga' bar byed pa|A minor mountain on Lofty Peak.
lha'i bu mo|A class of celestial female beings known for their great beauty.
lha'i bu mo|A class of nonhuman beings, usually female, known for their beauty.
lha'i bu mo|A member of the class of celestial female beings known for their great beauty.
lha'i bu mo|A female god, literally “daughter of a god.” Sometimes also translated “celestial maiden.”
lha'i bu mo|Female divine being. The Sanskrit literally means “going in the waters or between the waters of the clouds.”
lha'i bu mo|A class of celestial singers and dancers in Indian mythology who inhabit the heaven of the god Śakra, lord of the heavens.
lha'i bu mtshan bzang|A god.
lha'i bu'i bdud|This is the figurative or embodied demon of pleasure.
lha'i bu'i bdud|The form of Māra who assaulted the Buddha prior to his awakening.
lha'i bud med|A type of goddess.
lha'i bu|Generic term for a class of long-lived celestial beings.
lha'i bu|“Gods,” long-lived celestial beings. One of the six classes of beings.
lha'i bu|A being of any of the many levels of celestial or divine realms according to Buddhist cosmology.
lha'i bu|This term, meaning “god,” was often used as an honorific term of address for divine beings and royalty. In such contexts, it has been rendered here with the Sanskrit deva.
lha'i bu|One of the five or six classes of living beings, specifically engendered and dominated by exaltation, indulgence, and pride. The gods are said to exist in realms higher than that of the human realm within in the world system of desire (kāma dhātu), and also in the world system of form (rūpa dhātu).
lha'i bu|Literally “son of gods” or “divine scion,” the Sanskrit devaputra is often simply used as a synonym for “god” (deva), with -putra indicating that it involves a male member of this category of beings. But the term can have the added connotation of a being of divine origin who, due to a heroic feat, is able to enjoy long-lasting bliss in heaven.
lha'i byang chub|Attendant of the buddha Varabodhigati.
lha'i cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
lha'i cod pan|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
lha'i cod pan|Name of a bodhisattva. Main interlocutor of the king of the kinnaras in the sūtra The Questions of the Kinnara King Druma.
lha'i dbang po brgya byin|Chief of the gods who reside in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. Also known as Indra.
lha'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
lha'i dbang po|King of the gods.
lha'i dbang po|An epithet for the god Indra, or Śakra.
lha'i dbang po|A common epithet of Śatakratu, also known as Indra.
lha'i dbang po|Another name for Śakra, or Indra, literally “Lord of Devas.”
lha'i dbang po|Epithet of the chief of the gods who reside in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. Also known as Indra.
lha'i dbyig|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
lha'i dpal|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
lha'i dpal|“Divine Splendor.” The name of a past kalpa. BHS: Devaśiri.
lha'i drang srong|Father of the buddha Kāśyapa.
lha'i grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Puṇyābha.
lha'i grong khyer gtso|Son of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
lha'i gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
lha'i gzi brjid|Father of the buddha Vimalaprabha.
lha'i mchod rten|Son of the buddha Puṇyabāhu.
lha'i mchod rten|Birthplace of the buddha Subāhu.
lha'i mchod rten|Mother of the buddha Jñānakīrti.
lha'i me tog|Father of the buddha Meruprabha.
lha'i me tog|Attendant of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
lha'i mig shes pa mngon sum du bya ba shes pa'i mngon par shes pa|Second of the six extrasensory powers.
lha'i mig|One of the five supernormal knowledges.
lha'i mig|Superknowledge achieved by the power of meditative absorption.
lha'i mig|Second of the five eyes. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1117 .
lha'i mig|Clairvoyance, i.e., the ability to see all forms whether they are near or far, subtle or gross; also the ability to see the births and deaths of sentient beings. This is the first of the six (or sometimes five) superknowledges (ṣaḍabhijñā).
lha'i mig|One of the six “superknowledges” (q.v.) as well as one of the “five eyes,” this is the supernormal ability to see to an unlimited distance, observe events on other worlds, see through mountains, etc. The five eyes consist of five different faculties of vision: the physical eye (māṃsa cakṣu), the divine eye (dīvya cakṣu), the wisdom eye (prajñā cakṣu), the Dharma-eye (dharma cakṣu), and the Buddha-eye (buddha cakṣu).
lha'i mthu rtsal stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śīlaprabha.
lha'i nyams dga' bar byed pa'i tshal|A forest in Happiness.
lha'i nyi ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vyūharāja.
lha'i nyi ma|The 658th buddha in the first list, 657th in the second list, and 649th in the third list.
lha'i pho nya|Birthplace of the buddha Adbhutayaśas.
lha'i rgyal po dbang byed|The king of gods in the Heaven of Mastery Over Others’ Emanations.
lha'i rgyal pos mchod|Name of a bodhisattva.
lha'i rgyal po|A buddha.
lha'i rgyal po|Name of a bodhisattva.
lha'i rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Samṛddha.
lha'i rgyal po|The name of Devadatta when he becomes a buddha in the future.
lha'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnacūḍa.
lha'i rna ba shes pa mngon sum du bya ba shes pa'i mngon par shes pa|Third of the six extrasensory powers.
lha'i rna ba|One of the five supernormal knowledges.
lha'i rna ba|Clairaudience, i.e., the sublime ability to understand all languages and listen to them whether they are nearby or far away. This is the second of the six (or sometimes five) superknowledges (ṣaḍabhijñā).
lha'i sgra dbyangs skad sgrogs|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
lha'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vigataśoka.
lha'i them skas|The realm where Devadatta will attain buddhahood.
lha'i tshogs kyi lha|Attendant of the buddha Padmagarbha.
lha'i tshul gyis lta ba|Name of a bodhisattva.
lha'i ye shes|Son of the buddha Prāṇītajñāna.
lha'i yul 'khor|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇendradeva.
lha'i zla ba|A king.
lha'i zla ba|Attendant of the buddha Puṇyabala.
lha'i zla ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Meruprabha.
lha'i zla ba|Prolific Tibetan translator active during the late eighth- and early ninth-centuries.
lhag 'phags|Child of the high brahmin Majestic Body, he visited Lord Buddha to inquire about the proper way to perform the sacrifice, and hearing the Dharma that the Buddha taught in reply he attained stream entry.
lhag bsam|A strong sense of determination, often associated with altruism.
lhag ma med pa'i mya ngan las 'das pa|The attainment of nirvāṇa without any remainder of the physical and mental aggregates.
lhag ma med pa'i mya ngan las 'das pa|One of the different types of nirvāṇa, where the aggregates have also been consumed within emptiness. See also “final nirvāṇa.”
lhag med mya ngan 'das pa|The mode of nirvāṇa in which all physical and mental attributes have been relinquished. This mode occurs after death, as some physical and mental attributes remain when an awakened being is still alive.
lhag med myang 'das|The cessation of karma and affliction within which no residue of the aggregates remains.
lhag mthong spyad pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
lhag mthong|The second of the two main branches of Buddhist meditation (along with “peaceful meditation”) aiming at developing insight into the nature of reality.
lhag mthong|One of the basic forms of Buddhist meditation, aimed at developing insight into the nature of reality. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, the other being “tranquility.”
lhag mthong|An important form of Buddhist meditation focusing on developing insight into the nature of phenomena. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, the other being “tranquility” (śamatha).
lhag mthong|Refers to insight into the nature of reality or the practice of developing such insight. One of the two basic forms of Buddhist meditation, the other being meditative calm (Skt. śamatha; Tib. {zhi gnas}).
lhag mthong|Often translated as “insight meditation,” referring to the liberating insight into the nature of reality or the meditative practice of developing insight into the nature of reality. One of the two basic forms of Buddhist meditation, the other being calm abiding (śamatha).
lhag mthong|This is paired with “mental quiescence” (see entry). In general “meditation” is too often understood as only the types of practices categorized as “quietistic”—which eschew objects, learning, analysis, discrimination, etc., and lead only to the attainment of temporary peace and one-pointedness. However, in order to reach any high realization, such as the absence of a personal self, the absence of a self in phenomena, or voidness, “transcendental analysis,” with its analytical penetration to the nature of ultimate reality, is indispensable. The analysis is called “transcendental” because it does not accept anything it sees as it appears. Instead, through analytic examination, it penetrates to its deeper reality, going ever deeper in infinite penetration until tolerance is reached. All apparently self-sufficient objects are seen through and their truth-status is rejected—first conceptually and finally perceptually, at buddhahood. Thus “meditation,” to be efficacious, must include both mental quiescence (śamatha), and transcendental analysis (vipaśyana) in integrated combination.
lhag pa thung ba|A forest on Flocking Peacocks.
lhag pa'i bsam pa nyi shu|Bṭ1 na, 39a3–b3https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3807.html lists the following: (1–3) faith in the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha (the finest aspiration); (4) for morality (moral aspiration); (5–9) aspiration for the perfections (surpassing aspiration for the other five perfections); (10–13) aspiration for the profound selflessness of persons and dharmas, the ultimate, and the reality of dharmas (aspiration for the real dharmas); (14–15) a single-pointed mind and clairvoyance (inconceivable aspiration); (16) aspiration to establish beings in the wholesome; (17–18) the pure aspiration of the ninth and tenth levels; and (19–20) aspiration for the inconceivable force of a buddha’s clairvoyance, etc.
lhag pa'i bsam pa|Selfless concern for the well-being of others.
lhag pa'i bsam pa|A strong sense of determination, often associated with altruism.
lhag pa'i bsam pa|As defined in the Bodhisattvabhūmi, this is a bodhisattva’s determined, deeply informed enthusiasm for the Buddhist teachings that is grounded in faith and careful study of the Dharma.
lhag pa'i bsam pa|This is a stage in the conception or initiation of the spirit‌ of enlightenment‌. It follows upon the positive thought, or aspiration to attain it, wherein the bodhisattva becomes filled with a lofty determination that he himself should attain enlightenment, that it is the only thing to do to solve his own problems as well as those of all living beings. This high resolve reaches its most intense purity when the bodhisattva simultaneously attains the Path of Insight and the first bodhisattva-stage, the Stage of Joy. The translation follows Lamotte’s happy coinage “haute résolution.”
lhag pa'i nga rgyal|One of the seven types of pride. The pride of thinking oneself equal to superiors and superior to equals.
lhag pa'i nga rgyal|A particular type of pride associated with the unreasonable opinion that one is superior to those with whom one is in fact equal.
lhag pa'i nga rgyal|The pride of overestimating one’s accomplishments. It is one of seven types of pride, which include (1) pride (Tib. {nga rgyal;}Skt. māna), (2) excessive pride (Tib. {lhag pa'i nga rgyal;} Skt. adhimāna), (3) outrageous pride (Tib. {nga rgyal las kyang nga rgyal;} Skt. mānātimāna), (4) egoistic pride (Tib. {nga'o snyam pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. asmimāna), (5) blatant pride (Tib. {mngon pa'i nga rgyal;} Skt. abhimāna), (6) pride of feeling inferior (Tib. {cung zad snyam pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. ūnamāna), and (7) unfounded pride (Tib. {log pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. mithyāmāna).
lhag par brtson|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
lhag par bya ba byas pa|A king.
lhag par bya ba|A broad term for any kind of service that one might perform to honor, worship, or otherwise support the Three Jewels, even outside the context of performing a formal offering rite.
lhag par chags par rmongs pa|A “ruler of the world” who belongs to the class of the māras.
lhag par dga' ba|A realm of the ever-infatuated gods.
lhag par gnas pa|It is marked by the moment when the wisdom deity (jñānasattva) descends into the maṇḍala.
lhag par ldan ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
lhag par mthong ba|One of the two primary forms of meditation in Buddhism, the other being calm abiding.
lhag shes|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Niyatabuddhi.
lhag spyod|A meditation teacher who was one of the Buddha’s teachers before he attained awakening.
lhag spyod|Although the spelling Rudraka is attested in the Sanskrit of this sūtra, in most other texts his name is Udraka, or Udraka Rāmaputra (“Udraka the son of Rāma”).
lhan cig gnas pa|A junior monk who lives with and under the guidance of a senior monk.
lhan cig skyes pa'i dga' ba|Although referred to as the “fourth” in the fourfold division of the joys, the innate joy does not fit into a sequential order in quite the same way as the other three joys. It is first discerned when the supreme joy gives way to the joy of cessation, and is gradually extended through practice until it becomes ever present.
lhan cig skyes pa'i lha|Yakṣa and other spirits that appear at the same time a person is born in order to protect them.
lhan gcig skyes dga'|The fourth joy.
lhar bcas|Son of Siddhārtha Gautama’s maternal grandfather King Suprabuddha of Videha.
lhas bltas|A city ruled by King Suprabuddha.
lhas bsams ma|Mother of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
lhas bsrungs|Father of the buddha Maruttejas.
lhas btsa'|Nāga King Sāgara in a previous life as a universal monarch in the world to the east called Pure View.
lhas byin|The Buddha’s jealous, scheming cousin.
lhas byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nirbhaya.
lhas byin|Cousin, student, and competitor with the Buddha. He is one of the main characters in the stories from the Buddha’s life.
lhas byin|The name of the Buddha’s cousin and brother-in-law who defected from the Buddha’s saṅgha, causing the very first schism, and went on to compete against and even attempt to kill the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lhas byin|The historical Buddha’s cousin, and brother of Ānanda. He became notorious through his schemes to become the Buddha’s successor—to the point of attempting to kill the Buddha—and through the splitting of the Saṅgha.
lhas byin|A cousin of Śākyamuni, who broke with him and established his own community. His tradition was still continuing during the first millennium ce. He is portrayed as engendering evil schemes against the Buddha and even succeeding in wounding him. He is usually identified with wicked beings in accounts of previous lifetimes, but not in The White Lotus of the Good Dharma, where he is a teacher of the Buddha in a previous lifetime, and the Buddha prophesies his future buddhahood.
lhas mchod ma|Mother of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
lhas mchod pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyaraśmi.
lhas mchod zla ba|Son of the buddha Kuśalapradīpa.
lhas mchod|Attendant of the buddha Ratnaruta.
lhas mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Satyadeva.
lhas mchod|Mother of the buddha Sthita buddhi rūpa.
lhas mchod|Father of the buddha Sthita buddhi rūpa.
lhas mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Uttama.
lhas mchod|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-048-001-OLD.html#UT22084-048-001-OLD-39 .
lhas sbed|Son of the buddha Jñānapriya.
lhas sbyin|A cousin of the Buddha Śākyamuni who broke with him and established his own community. His tradition was still continuing during the first millennium ᴄᴇ. He is portrayed as engendering evil schemes against the Buddha and even succeeding in wounding him. He is usually identified with wicked beings in accounts of previous lifetimes.
lhas sprul pa|A world system.
lha|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, specifically influenced by exaltation, frivolousness, and pride. According to Buddhist cosmology, the gods live in many divine realms within the desire realm, the form realm, and the formless realm.. Also rendered here as “devas.”
lha|One of the five or six classes of living beings, specifically engendered and dominated by exaltation, indulgence, and pride. The gods are said to exist in realms higher than that of the human realm within in the world system of desire (kāma dhātu), and also in the world system of form (rūpa dhātu).
lha|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, specifically engendered and dominated by exaltation, indulgence, and pride. The gods are said to exist in realms higher than that of the human realm within in the world system of desire (kāma dhātu), and also in the world system of form (rūpa dhātu).
lha|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, specifically engendered and dominated by exaltation, indulgence, and pride. According to Buddhist cosmology, the gods are said to exist in many levels of celestial or divine realms, higher than that of the human realm, within in the desire realm, in the form realm, and in the formless realm.
lha|According to the Buddhist tradition, one of the five or six classes of sentient beings, specifically engendered and dominated by exaltation, indulgence, and pride. The gods are said to exist in many levels of celestial or divine realms, higher than that of the human realm, within in the desire realm (kāma dhātu), and also in the form realm (rūpa dhātu) and the formless realm (ārūpya dhātu).
lha|Cognate with the English term divine. The devas are most generically a class of divine, celestial beings who populate the narratives of Indian mythology. Devas make regular appearances in Buddhist literature at the head of the assemblies of celestial and supernatural beings who attend the teachings, interact with the Buddha, bodhisattvas, and other spiritual figures, and celebrate the delivery of their sermons. In Buddhist cosmology, the devas are subdivided into numerous classes based on the specific devalokas, the “heavens” in which they reside. Traditionally there are between twenty-six and twenty-eight devalokas, divided between the desire realm (kāmadhātu), form or material realm (rūpadhātu), and formless or immaterial realm (arūpyadhātu). The state of deva is reached either through meritorious acts or the cultivation of subtle meditative states, and is therefore considered a higher mode of rebirth in comparison to rebirth among hell beings, pretas, and animals. Nonetheless, all the devalokas are within the three realms of saṃsāra and therefore transitory. Thus while the devas occupy the highest strata within the scheme of the five or six “destinies” (gati), the realms within saṃsāra where beings take rebirth, their state is still one determined by the fetters (saṃyojana) that bind one to the perpetual cycle of rebirth. Also rendered here as “gods.”
lho phyogs kyi lnga len pa|One of the two kings of the country of Pañcāla.
lho phyogs kyi rgyud|A region where the teachings on the perfection of wisdom will spread.
lhog pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
lhog|A swelling, tumor, or morbid intumescence.
lhun 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śāntagati (701 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lhun bzang|Father of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
lhun chen|Father of the buddha Muni.
lhun po 'od|A buddha.
lhun po brtsegs pa|A bodhisattva.
lhun po brtsegs pa|A buddha realm.
lhun po brtsegs pa|A buddha who resides in the eastern direction.
lhun po brtsegs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Aśoka.
lhun po brtsegs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
lhun po brtsegs|The 259th buddha in the first list, 258th in the second list, and 258th in the third list.
lhun po chen po snang ba|Name of a tathāgata.
lhun po chen po|Name of a tathāgata.
lhun po chen po|A bodhisattva in the audience.
lhun po chen po|Birthplace of the buddha Sumedhas.
lhun po chen po|Name of a god who personifies a mountain of this name.
lhun po chen po|The 46th buddha in the first list, 46th in the second list, and 47th in the third list.
lhun po chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vaidyarāja (529 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lhun po che|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūryaprabha (123 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lhun po gong na med pa|A buddha.
lhun po grags|The 287th buddha in the first list, 286th in the second list, and 286th in the third list.
lhun po lta bu|A buddha in the northwestern direction.
lhun po ltar 'phags pa rtsal rab grags pa'i dpal|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Variegated.
lhun po mar me'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
lhun po mchog|A great bodhisattva.
lhun po mngon 'phags|A buddha.
lhun po rgyal mtshan dga'|City where a buddha resides.
lhun po rgyal mtshan|An absorption.
lhun po rgyal mtshan|Name of a tathāgata.
lhun po rnam dag|A buddha.
lhun po rnam dag|A great bodhisattva.
lhun po sbyin|Son of the buddha Ūrṇa.
lhun po sgron ma|An absorption.
lhun po sgul|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahātapas.
lhun po so sor snang ba|A mountain in Passionate Conduct.
lhun po'i 'od zer|The 336th buddha in the first list, 335th in the second list, and 330th in the third list.
lhun po'i 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Atiyaśas (166 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lhun po'i 'od|A buddha.
lhun po'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhabala.
lhun po'i 'od|The 883rd buddha in the first list, 882nd in the second list, and 873rd in the third list.
lhun po'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśasta (845 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lhun po'i bi lwa kaH|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
lhun po'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmadeva (194 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lhun po'i dpal|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lhun po'i glan chen|(The rendering Merugāja is according to Dutt.)
lhun po'i khang na gnas pa|A class of asuras.
lhun po'i lto|The name of a bodhisattva. “Meru’s Inner Chamber.”
lhun po'i mchog|A buddha.
lhun po'i rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva.
lhun po'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
lhun po'i rgyal mtshan|Son of the buddha Samantadarśin.
lhun po'i rgyal mtshan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mokṣatejas (417 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lhun po'i rgyal mtshan|Buddhafield beyond buddhafields as numerous as the sands of thirty-six Ganges rivers, administered by the Buddha Meru pradīpa rāja, whence Vimalakīrti obtains the lion-thrones on which he seats his visitors.
lhun po'i rgyal po mngon par 'phags|A buddha in the southern direction.
lhun po'i rgyal po|A buddha.
lhun po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
lhun po'i rgyal po|(The rendering Merugāja is according to Dutt.)
lhun po'i rna rgyan sdug pa nyams dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Yaśas.
lhun po'i rtse 'dzin|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
lhun po'i rtse mo rdob pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
lhun po'i rtse mo'i khang pa brtsegs pa' gzungs|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
lhun po'i rtse mo|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
lhun po'i sgron ma'i rgyal po|Buddha of the universe Merudhvaja.
lhun po'i sgron ma|Name of a tathāgata.
lhun po'i sgron me'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lhun pos byin|A great bodhisattva.
lhun po|King of the city Flourishing Rice who lived before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
lhun po|The highest mountain at the center of our world according to traditional Buddhist cosmology.
lhun po|In Buddhist cosmology, the mountain at the center of a world system surrounded by the four continents.
lhun po|According to the ancient Indian cosmological system, Mount Meru is a mountain which forms the center of the universe.
lhun po|The great mountain at the center of the universe according to ancient Indian cosmology. At its summit lies Sudarśana city, home of Śakra (Indra) and his thirty-two gods.
lhun po|Early Mahāyāna sūtras identify this as separate from Sumeru, the mountain at the center of the world. This refers to a legendary mountain in such epics as the Mahābhārata, which, while sacred, is not situated in the world’s center. This is presumably identical to the Mount Meru that is the source of one of the two main tributaries of the Ganges and lies within the territory of India.
lhung bzed nag pa can|A euphemism for those who seek alms, understood to refer to Buddhist monks.
lhung bzed|The bowls used by monastics to collect alms.
lhur byed|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
li tsa byi|The name of a people that inhabited the Licchavi republican state located in present-day north India.
li yul|An ancient kingdom, located on the southern branch of the Silk Route that passed through the Tarim Basin. The kingdom, which was an important oasis and center for trade, existed during the first millennium ce.
lid tsa bI|Name of the tribe and republican city-state whose capital was Vaiśālī, where Vimalakīrti lived, and the main events of this sūtra take place.
lid tsa byi|An ancient republican state, located in northern India.
lid tsha bI|The name of a city-state, whose capital was Vaiśālī, and the ruling clan that dwelt there.
ling ga|The male sexual organ.
ling ga|Liṅga and vajra have many other meanings (too many to list here).
ljags dmar ba|Forty-ninth of the eighty minor marks.
ljags ring zhing srab pa|Twenty-fifth of the thirty-two major marks.
ljags srab cing che ba|Fiftieth of the eighty minor marks.
ljang gu|A brahmin youth who was the Buddha in a former life.
ljang sngon|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ljon mchog|Son of the buddha Tīrthakara.
ljon pa bral|One of the kinnara kings.
ljon pa'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
ljon pa'i me tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Marudyaśas.
ljon pa'i me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpa (689 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ljon pa'i rgyal mtshan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padmagarbha (513 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ljon pa|Attendant of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
ljon pa|A prince; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
ljon pa|One of the four kings of the kinnaras. He is present at the teaching of the sūtra.
ljon pa|The 929th buddha in the first list, 928th in the second list, and 919th in the third list.
ljon pa|King of the kinnaras. See the introduction https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-058-006.html#UT22084-058-006-816 .\nHis name has been translated into Tibetan both as “{sdong po}” and “{ljon pa}.”
ljon pa|The kinnara king Druma is a well-known figure in canonical Buddhist literature, where he frequently appears, mostly in minor roles. For example, King Druma appears in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html (Toh 113), where he is one of the four kinnara kings attending the Buddha’s teaching. He is also included in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh127.html (Toh 127), where he arrives with his queens to make an offering of his music to the Buddha. He is also a bodhisattva who teaches and displays a profound understanding of the doctrine of emptiness in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh157.html (Toh 157), where his future awakening is also prophesied by the Buddha.\n(His name has been translated into Tibetan both as “{sdong po}” and “{ljon pa}.”)
ljon shing dbang po|Father of the buddha Puṃgava.
ljon shing dbang|The 751st buddha in the first list, 750th in the second list, and 740th in the third list.
ljon shing|(1) A forest in Dwelling in Excellent View ({shing chen po}). (2) A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit ({ljon shing}).
ljon zhing kun tu 'khril ba|A forest in Moving in Mixed Environments.
ljongs kyi skye bo|Large political formations, either republics or kingdoms, of ancient India.
lkugs 'phye|(1) Another name of Prince Water Born. (2) A non-Buddhist ascetic teacher.
lnga 'dzin|One of the major North Indian kingdoms in the Buddha's time, it was located to the west of the kingdom of Kośala and east of Kuru.
lnga brgya pa tha ma|The final five hundred years in the period of decrease during an intermediate eon, in which the five degenerations are at their peak and the Buddha’s teachings have nearly disappeared.
lnga brgya'i tha ma|The final five hundred years in which the Buddha Śākyamuni’s teaching will be present in this world system.
lnga len tshigs|Name of a yakṣa general in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
lnga len|A country.
lnga len|A general of yakṣas.
lnga len|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
lnga len|One of the major North Indian kingdoms in the Buddha’s time, it was located to the west of the kingdom of Kośala and east of Kuru.
lnga pa|Son of the buddha Guṇottama.
lnga rgya tha ma|The final five hundred years in which Śākyamuni Buddha's teaching will be present in this world system.
lnga sde bzang po|The first five disciples of the Buddha Śakyamuni who had been his companions earlier during his period of ascetic practice.
lnga ser|Name of a nāga king.
lnga ston|Feasts falling on these days of the lunar month are considered an acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
lnga'i 'gro ba|A shorter form of the six classes of beings, these are (1) hell beings, (2) pretas, (3) animals, (4) human beings, and (5) gods. The fifth category is divided into gods and asuras when six realms are enumerated.
lngas rtsen|One of the yakṣa kings.
lngas rtsen|A leader of the yakṣas.
lngas rtsen|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lngas rtsen|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; also the name of a yakṣa.
lngas rtsen|Traditionally the head of the yakṣa army serving Vaiśravaṇa, and the consort of Hariti.
lngas rtsen|Name of a yakṣa general in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
lo 'dab mang ba|A town in Videha.
lo Ni ya|Portulaca oleracea, Portulaca quadrifida.
lo hi ta|A river in India.
lo ke shwa ra|“Lord of the world” is a translation of lokeśvara or lokanātha when these are used in their literal meaning (for the technical meaning of the first see the glossary entry for Lokeśvara). The latter of the two terms has an added connotation of the “protector of the world,” however, in most contexts, the meaning of the “lord of the world” predominates. The phrase is capitalized when used as the title without the name.
lo ke shwa ra|“Lokeśvara” is the title applied to Avalokiteśvara and his male emanations, including Amoghapāśa; in the later tradition there are 108 lokeśvaras. In contexts where the literal meaning, “lord of the world,” is more relevant than the class name, the term has been translated as such (see corresponding glossary entry for “lord of the world”). It is capitalized when used as the title without the name, such as “the Lokeśvara” or “the Lord of the World.”
lo khyud 'khor|Lit. “yearly cycle.”
lo ma bdun pa|A village.
lo ma shin tu 'phyang ba|A river on Forest Garlands.
lo ma'i sman|An acceptable form of medicine for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
lo ma'i spyil bu|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
lo thog 'ongs sgrub ma|A goddess.
lo tog 'byor ma|The daughter of the king Increasing Majesty
lo tsA ba|Honorific term for a Tibetan translator.
log 'dren gyi nang du 'phen ba|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
log 'dren|A class of obstacle-making spirits.
log 'dren|“Remover of Obstacles”; the Buddhist version of Gaṇeśa.
log 'dren|A class of being that misleads or has a corrupting influence.
log 'dren|“Remover [of obstacles],” a class of semidivine beings; also a class of demons who create obstacles.
log 'dren|A class of nonhuman beings that deceive, harm, or otherwise obstruct humans, especially practitioners. Their name literally means “those who lead astray.”
log 'dren|Similar to vighnas, the term vināyaka refers to a broad class of nonhuman beings that create obstacles and problems for spiritual practitioners specifically, and all people in general.
log dad sel|Fourth of the seven buddhas of the past, and first in this kalpa.
log lta|The third among the three mental misdeeds.
log pa brgyad|These consist of the exact opposites of the eight branches of the eightfold noble path (aṣṭāṅgikamārga).
log pa brgyad|This is the opposite of the noble eightfold path and so consists in wrong view, examination, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and samādhi.
log pa brgyad|These consist of the opposites of the eight branches of the eightfold path: wrong view, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and absorption.
log pa nyid brgyad|Eight misunderstandings of the way things are.
log pa nyid brgyad|These consist of the exact opposites of the eight branches of the eightfold noble path (aṣṭāṅgikamārga).
log pa nyid brgyad|Wrong view, wrong thought, wrong speech, wrong actions, wrong livelihood, wrong effort, wrong recollection, and wrong samādhi.
log pa nyid brgyad|The eight wrong modes are: wrong view, wrong thought, wrong speech, wrong actions, wrong livelihood, wrong effort, wrong recollection, and wrong samādhi.
log pa nyid du nges pa'i tshogs|Second of the three provisions.
log pa'i 'tsho ba|—
log pa'i chos brgyad|Possibly, this is identical to the eight worldly dharmas: hoping for happiness, fame, praise, and gain, and fearing suffering, slander, blame, and loss.
log pa'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
log par 'dren pa|A class of obstacle-making spirits.
log par bltas pa|The tenth of the ten nonvirtuous actions; also one of five commonly listed kinds of erroneous views, wrong view designates the disbelief in the doctrine of karma, i.e., rebirth and karmic punishment and reward as a consequence of one’s actions (i.e., cause and effect of actions).
log par dad sel|Fourth of the seven buddhas of the past, and first in this kalpa.
log par dad sel|The fourth of the seven tathāgatas/buddhas. Identified in other texts as the first buddha to appear in the present eon.
log par dad sel|The first Buddha of the “Good Eon” (bhadrakalpa) of one thousand buddhas, our own Śākyamuni having been the fourth, and Maitreya expected to come as the fifth. Also spelled Krakutsanda, Kukutsunda, Kukucchanda.
log par dad sel|The fourth of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. Also the first of the buddhas in this eon, with Śākyamuni as the fourth. The Tibetan translation in the Kāraṇḍavyūha is “elimination of incorrect faith,” and this is found in the Mahāvyutpatti, whereas the later standard Tibetan translation is {'khor ba 'jig} or “destruction of saṃsara.” It is a Sanskritization of the middle-Indic name Kakusaṃdha. Kaku may mean summit and saṃdha is the inner or hidden meaning.
log par dad sel|The fourth of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. Also, the first of the buddhas in this Bhadraka eon, with Śākyamuni as the fourth. The name is a Sanskritization of the Middle Indic name Kakusaṃdha, and is therefore an example of hybrid Sanskrit. It is also found in a semi-Sanskritized form: Krakutsanda. The ninth-century Mahāvyutpatti Sanskrit-Tibetan dictionary lists Kakutsunda as the Sanskrit for {'khor ba 'jig,}but has a separate entry {log par dad sel}for Krakucchanda, though later, as in this sūtra, Krakucchanda became translated as {'khor ba 'jig}.
log par dad sel|The first of the buddhas in this kalpa, with Śākyamuni as the fourth. Also listed as the fourth of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. The Tibetan translation in this sūtra and in others, such as the Kāraṇḍa vyūha Sūtra ( https://read.84000.co/translation/toh116 , Toh 116), means “elimination of incorrect faith.” This version is also found in the Mahāvyutpatti, whereas the later standard Tibetan translation is {'khor ba 'jig} (“destruction of saṃsāra”). Krakucchanda is a Sanskritization of the Middle-Indic name Kakusaṃdha. Kaku may mean “summit,” and saṃdha is “inner meaning” or “hidden meaning.”
log par dang sal|“Destroyer of Saṃsāra.”
log par lta ba|The tenth of the ten nonvirtuous actions; also one of five commonly listed kinds of erroneous views, wrong view designates the disbelief in the doctrine of karma, i.e., rebirth and karmic punishment and reward as a consequence of one’s actions (i.e., cause and effect of actions).
log par ltung ba|An alternate term of reference for the lower states of cyclic existence (i.e., hell beings, starving spirits, and animals).
log par rnam par lta ba|A place in Ultimate Torment.
logs chen po|A mountain on Videha.
long bu rnams mi mngon pa|Thirteenth of the eighty minor marks.
longs sbyod rdzogs pa'i sku|The “body of bliss,” one of the three (sometimes four) bodies of the Buddha.
longs sku|“Body of bliss,” one of the three bodies of the Buddha.
longs sku|The luminous manifestation of the buddhas’ enlightened communication, perceptible to advanced bodhisattvas.
longs spyod 'khor lo|The name of the energy center (cakra) in the throat.
longs spyod 'thun pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
longs spyod che ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
longs spyod du gyur ba|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks ({longs spyod du gyur ba}). (2) Refers to Dwelling in Enjoyment ({dga' ba}).
longs spyod ldan ma|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
longs spyod ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
longs spyod ldan|A nāga realm.
longs spyod mi zad 'chang|A knowledge mantra–holding king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
longs spyod phreng ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
longs spyod rdzogs pa'i sku|Saṃbhogakāya or body of enjoyment. Aspect of buddhahood perceptible to bodhisattvas.
longs spyod rdzogs pa'i sku|The luminous manifestation of the buddhas’ enlightened communication, perceptible to advanced bodhisattvas.
longs spyod rdzogs pa'i sku|The “enjoyment body,” one of the three bodies of a buddha, refers to the way a buddha manifests for realized beings; this may be represented by different iconographic forms of deity figures.
longs spyod rdzogs pa'i sku|The buddha body of perfect resource denotes the luminous, immaterial, and unimpeded reflection-like forms of enlightened mind, which become spontaneously present and naturally manifest to tenth level bodhisattvas.
longs spyod tshogs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
lpags shun|Lit. “like the skin.”
lta ba can|Attendant of the buddha Subuddhi.
lta ba drug cu rtsa gnyis|A typology of erroneous beliefs about the nature of reality, often grouped into views of eternalism, nihilism, and their combinations.
lta ba gsal ba'i lus|Son of the buddha Saṃtoṣaṇa.
lta ba gsal|Father of the buddha Asaṅga.
lta ba gsal|Mother of the buddha Ojobala.
lta ba gsal|Son of the buddha Dharmakūṭa.
lta ba gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
lta ba med|A bodhisattva.
lta ba mtha' yas 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmagarbha.
lta ba phyin ci log|The tenth of the ten unwholesome actions; also one of five commonly listed kinds of erroneous views, it designates the disbelief in the doctrine of karma, cause and effect, and rebirth, etc.
lta ba tshod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padmagarbha.
lta ba yongs su dag pa|The realm of the Buddha Radiant King of Pure Light.
lta ba'i rnam pa drug cu rtsa gnyis|The sixty-two false views, as enumerated in the Brahma jāla sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh352.html (Toh 352), comprise eighteen speculations concerning the past, based on theories of eternalism, partial eternalism, extensionism, endless equivocation, and fortuitous origination, as well as forty-four speculations concerning the future, based on percipient immortality, non-percipient immortality, neither percipient nor non-percipient immortality, annihilationism, and the immediate attainment of nirvāṇa in the present life.
lta ba'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānarāja.
lta bar 'os pa dag|Twentieth of the eighty minor marks.
lta bar bya|Birthplace of the buddha Amitatejas.
lta bar gyur pa drug cu rtsa gnyis|These are enumerated in the Brahmajālasūtra (http://read.84000.co/translation/toh352.html) and in the Dīghanikāya and consist of all views other than the “right view” of the absence of self. All sixty-two fall into one of the two categories known as the two extremisms: “eternalism” (sāśvatavāda) and “nihilism” (ucchedavāda).
lta bar gyur pa thibs po thams cad rnam par spong ba|Lit. “extricated from the thicket of all the distortions.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
lta bar smra ba|The second stage in the development and expression of afflictions (Skt. kleśa, Tib. {nyon mongs}), preceded by “latent tendency” (Skt. anuśaya, Tib. {bag la nyal ba}) and followed by “manifest affliction” (Skt. paryutthāna, Tib. {kun nas ldang ba}).
lta bas chog mi shes shing mchog tu dga' ba dang ldan pa|Name of an absorption.
lta bas mthong|Mother of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
lta bas mthong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhīṣaṇa.
lta ba|Mahāvyutpatti 7470.
lta ba|Second of the four torrents.
lta ba|This means a mental conviction or opinion that conditions the mind and determines how it sees reality.
lta byed|Son of the buddha Brahmarāja.
lta byed|Attendant of the buddha Amṛta.
lta byed|Son of the buddha Pratibhāna rāṣṭra.
lta dga'|Mother of the buddha Asaṅga.
lta gsal blo can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Aśoka.
lta mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Damajyeṣṭha.
lta na bzod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ghoṣadatta (555 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
lta na mdzes pa|A courtesan in another world in the distant past.
lta na sdug pa|A bhikṣu, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 14.
lta na sdug|A bodhisattva.
lta na sdug|Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitanetra.
lta na sdug|(1) King who appears during the elephant Airāvaṇa’s previous life as a brahmin ({legs mthong}). (2) The city of Śakra ({legs mthong} and {lta na sdug}).
lta sems|Attendant of the buddha Jitaśatru.
lta sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇaprabhāsa.
lta stang bzhi|Four gazes employed for the four activities: enthralling, summoning, killing, and paralyzing.
ltad mo can|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
ltang brang gi tshal|The forest outside of Rājagṛha where King Bimbisāra, along with 80,000 gods and many hundreds of thousands of Magadhan brahmins and householders, were converted to Buddhism.
ltang rgyas 'od srung|The brother of Gayākāśyapa and Nadīkāśyapa. A practitioner of fire offering at Uruvilvā (Bodhgaya), he and his five hundred pupils were converted to becoming bhikṣus of the Buddha. He and his brothers and their pupils were the third group to become followers of the Buddha after his enlightenment.
ltar ltar po|The embryo in the third week of gestation.
ltar mi mthong ba|An absorption.
ltas mkhan|In Buddhist literature this term refers to a clairvoyant, typically a brahminical sage, who is versed in reading signs around the birth of a child.
lte ba bzang po|Father of the buddha Asamabuddhi.
lte ba ma bye ba dag|Fifty-sixth of the eighty minor marks.
lte ba shin tu zlum pa|Twenty-seventh of the eighty minor marks.
lte ba zab pa|Twenty-sixth of the eighty minor marks.
lte ba'i snying po|A bodhisattva.
lte ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; a legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
lteng ka phreng|A lotus pool in Lateral.
lteng ka sdug gu|A class of asuras.
lteng rgyas 'od srung gi bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lteng rgyas 'od srung|A disciple of the Buddha.
lteng rgyas 'od srung|Close Śravaka disciple of the Buddha.
lteng rgyas 'od srung|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
lteng rgyas 'od srung|Ordained by the Buddha in Vārāṇasī shortly after the Buddha’s enlightenment; brother of Nadī Kāśyapa.
lteng rgyas 'od srung|An arrogant brahmin who challenged the Buddha but was humbled and developed faith in the Buddha’s teaching.
lteng rgyas|A river on the banks of which the Buddha engaged in ascetic practice before his awakening.
lteng rgyas|Not far from Bodhimaṇḍa, it was the place where a thousand long-haired ascetics went forth in the Buddha’s following, among them Uruvilvā Kāśyapa.
lteng rgyas|Known in Pali as Uruvela, Uruvilvā is another name for Gayā. The Buddha inspired a group of one thousand dreadlocked ascetics to join his order of monks and ordained them there. Also spelled Urubilvā.
lto 'phye chen mo|Female mahoraga.
lto 'phye chen po|Literally, “great snake.” A serpent deity that inhabits specific localities.
lto 'phye chen po|Literally “large serpent.” A class of subterranean nonhuman beings that take the form of a large serpent.
lto 'phye chen po|A class of subterranean geomantic spirits whose movement through the seasons and months of the year is deemed significant for construction projects.
lto 'phye chen po|Literally, “great serpents.” A class of subterranean geomantic spirits whose movement through the seasons and months of the year is deemed significant for construction projects.
lto 'phye chen po|Literally “great serpents,” mahoragas are supernatural beings depicted as large, subterranean beings with human torsos and heads and the lower bodies of serpents. Their movements are said to cause earthquakes.
lto 'phye chen po|Literally “large serpent.” A nonhuman being that takes the form of a large serpent, sometimes with a human torso and head. They make up a class of subterranean geomantic spirits whose movement through the seasons and months of the year is deemed significant for construction projects.
lto 'phye chen|A class of serpentine spirit beings.
lto 'phye chen|Literally “large serpent.” A subterranean semi-divine being that takes the form of a large serpent, sometimes with a human torso and head.
lto 'phye che|A class of semidivine beings that have the form of a large serpent.
lto 'phyed|Literally “large serpent.” A semidivine being that takes the form of a large serpent, sometimes with a human torso and head. They are a class of subterranean geomantic spirits whose movement through the seasons and months of the year is deemed significant for construction projects.
lto 'phye|A serpent deity that inhabits specific localities. Also known as a kākorda.
lto chen po|A mountain off Videha.
lto gnag|(1) An area in Kuru ({nag po gsus pa}). 2. One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment. ({lto gnag}), also called Raven’s Belly.
lto phye chen po|A type of nonhuman being with the form of an enormous serpent.
ltung ba bzhi|The four root downfalls are roughly synonymous with the {pham pa bzhi} (catvāra pārājika), or the four transgressions that require expulsion from the monastic community. These four transgressions are applicable to the maintenance of monastic and lay vows alike, though their interpretations might differ depending on context. The four transgressions are: (1) violating the vow of chastity ({mi tshangs pa spyod pa}, abrahmacarya); (2) stealing/taking what is not given ({mi byin par len pa}, adattadāna); (3) taking a life ({srog gcod pa}, prāṇātipāta); and (4) lying ({rdzun du smra ba}, mṛṣāvāda).
ltung ba sbom po|The third gravest type of offense for a monk or nun, which requires confession in the presence of another monk or nun. Attempting one of the two gravest offenses, pārājika and saṅghāvaśeṣa, constitutes this category. For instance, if a monk attempts to kill a person and does not succeed, his offense is categorised as sthūlātyaya.
ltung ba sde lnga|The 253 different offenses a monk may incur are divided into five types: defeats, saṅgha stigmata, offenses, transgressions, confessable offenses, and misconduct.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-879 .
ltung ba'i rtsa ba|Downfalls are actions of body, speech, and mind that cause one to fall from the path of awakening and, in the cases of root downfalls, to fall into the lower realms of existence.
ltung ba'i rtsa ba|The most severe of the five types of offenses a monastic can incur. A monastic who violates one of the four principal vows and thereby incurs a defeat is expelled from the saṅgha community. They are no longer entitled to participate in communal activities, nor are they entitled to enjoy its perquisites, such as food and lodging. The four are sexual intercourse, theft, murder, and claiming greater realization than one has. See also “pārājika.”
ltung bar 'gyur ba'i chos bzhi|The four root downfalls are roughly synonymous with the four transgressions ({pham pa}, pārājika) that require expulsion from the monastic community. These four transgressions are applicable to the maintenance of monastic and lay vows alike, though their interpretations might differ depending on context. The four transgressions are (1) violating the vow of chastity ({mi tshangs pa spyod pa}, abrahmacarya); (2) stealing/taking what is not given ({mi byin par len pa}, adattadāna); (3) taking a life ({srog gcod pa}, prāṇātipāta); and (4) lying ({rdzun du smra ba}, mṛṣāvāda).
ltung ba|Actions of body, speech, and mind that cause one to “fall from” the path to awakening, and in the worst cases fall to the lower realms of existence.
ltung byed 'ba' zhig|One of two types of offense. There are ninety varieties of simple transgression. These are expunged through participation in the community’s purification.
ltung byed ma|A deity personifying the true nature of the element of earth; a goddess invoked to cause downfall.
ltung byed|The third most severe of the five types of offenses a monk can incur. There are 120 different types of transgression, thirty requiring forfeiture and ninety simple transgressions.
lu gu rgyud ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
lud pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
lug gdong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lugs 'byung dang lugs ldog|The process of dependent origination as it works to bring about rebirth in saṃsāra, and as it works when deliberately reversed to bring the cycle to an end. See “twelve links of dependent origination.”
lug|A householder.
lug|The left channel above the navel.
lug|Aries (zodiac sign and constellation).
lum bi ni|The garden where the Buddha was born.
lum bi ni|The place where the Buddha Śākyamuni was born.
lum bi ni|The birth place of the Bodhisattva, located in southern Nepal.
lum bi|The place where the Buddha was born and spent his youth, located in Southern Nepal.
lun po chen po'i rtse 'dzin rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
lung bstan pa|Prophecies. This is also specifically one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
lung bstan pa|In this text and many others, the formal statement by a buddha that a particular individual (or occasionally a group) will attain awakening as a named tathāgata, often in a named world system during a named future eon. The same term is also used (though not in this text) to refer to a category of scriptures in which such prophetic statements are made; more generally, it can mean simply a teaching or explanation.
lung bstan|A clear analysis or detailed presentation. Also translated here as “prophecy.”
lung bstan|A prophecy usually made by the Buddha or another tathāgata concerning the perfect awakening of one of their followers; a literary genre or category of works that contain such prophecies. Also translated here as “exposition.”
lung du bstan pa'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
lung du bstan pa'i sde|Third of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
lung du bstan pa'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
lung du bstan pa'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
lung du bstan pa|Prophecies usually made by the Buddha or another tathāgata concerning the perfect awakening of one of their followers. A literary genre or category of works that contain such prophecies, listed as one of the twelve aspects of the wheel of Dharma.
lung du ma bstan pa'i chos rnams|As listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-1095 , these are physical karma, verbal karma, and thinking-mind karma, the four great elements, the five faculties, the four formless absorptions, the aggregates, constituents, and sense fields, and maturation.
lung du ma bstan pa'i chos|Non-specific phenomena, as found in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-410 , include the following: non-specific physical actions, non-specific verbal actions, non-specific mental actions, the non-specific four primary elements, the non-specific five sense organs, the non-specific five psycho-physical aggregates, the twelve sense fields, the eighteen sensory elements, and the maturation of past actions.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 ).
lung du ma bstan pa|Neither virtuous nor nonvirtuous.
lung|The Mūlasarvāstivādin tradition grouped the Buddha’s early sūtra discourses into four divisions, or Āgama (Tib. mdo sde’i lung sde bzhi): the Dīrghāgama (Tib. lung ring po), the Madhyamāgama (Tib. lung bar ma), the Ekottarikāgama (Tib. lung gcig las ’phros pa), and the Saṃyuktāgama(Tib. lung dag ldan /yang dar par ldan pa’i lung). They are more familiar to many English-speaking Buddhists through the translations of their Pali correlates: the Dīgha Nikāya, Majjhima Nikāya, Aṅguttara Nikāya, and the Samyutta Nikāya, for which see the Wisdom Publications titles: The Long Discourses of the Buddha, The Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha, The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha, and The Connected Discourses of the Buddha, respectively.
lus 'bigs pa'i khab|A nāga king.
lus 'byung|Alternative name for Copious Parasites in Marrow and Bones.
lus 'phag ri|A mountain in Videha.
lus 'phags gling|The eastern continent in Buddhist cosmology.
lus 'phags ma|The wife of King Bimbisāra and mother of Ajātaśatru.
lus 'phags ma|The queen of King Bimbisāra of Magadha and the mother of his successor, King Ajātaśatru.
lus 'phags mo|Queen to Bimbisāra and mother to Ajātaśatru.
lus 'phags po|The continent to the east of Mount Sumeru.
lus 'phags po|One of the four continents of the human world according to traditional Indian cosmology, it is situated to the east of Mount Sumeru.
lus 'phags po|(1) A general, son of King Prasenajit. (2) One of the Four Great Kings. The Tib. {lus 'phags po} is probably erroneous; see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-1933 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-1979 .
lus 'phags ri|A mountain in Videha.
lus 'phags|The continent to the east.
lus 'phags|(1) A country. (2) The continent in the east.
lus 'phags|A certain brahmin of high caste, father of More Majestic. He heard the Dharma from the Buddha and attained stream entry.
lus 'phags|The eastern continent of the human world according to traditional Indian cosmology, characterized as “sublime in physique”
lus 'phags|An ancient kingdom whose seat was the city of Mithilā. One of its borders was the Ganges River, and it abutted the kingdoms of Kośala and Kāśi. The name Videha, in ancient Buddhist cosmology, refers to the eastern of the four continents in the cardinal directions.
lus bzang mo|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara.
lus bzangs gzi brjid rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
lus bzangs|Father of the buddha Suvaktra.
lus bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Jīvaka.
lus can ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
lus can|Also rendered in this translation as “embodied being,” and “corporeal being.”
lus chen po shin tu sgra 'byin 'jigs 'jigs ltar 'dug pa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
lus chen|A ruler of the garuḍas.
lus chen|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
lus chen|One of the garuḍa kings present at the teaching of the sūtra.
lus dag|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhubhadra.
lus dga' ma|Mother of the buddha Vimalaprabha.
lus dkar|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
lus dmar po|An esoteric deity, sometimes counted as a king of vidyās (vidyārāja).
lus dmar|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
lus gtsang|Son of the second buddha Kusuma.
lus kyi 'od zer thogs pa med pa'i gzi brjid rgyal po|A bodhisattva in a northwestern realm. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-1030 .
lus kyi khams|Thirteenth of the eighteen sensory elements.
lus kyi las thams cad ye shes sngon du 'gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su 'brang ba|Thirteenth or sixteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
lus kyi mdog bzang zhing che ba|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
lus kyi rjes su lta ba dran pa nye bar gzhag|One of the four types of presence of recollection.
lus kyi rjes su lta ba'i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|First of the four applications of mindfulness. For a description, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-949 .
lus kyi rnam gsum|The three sinful or nonvirtuous physical actions, namely, destroying life, taking what has not been given, and engaging in improper sexual practices. Their counterparts are the three wholesome or virtuous physical actions, namely, not destroying life, not taking what has not been given, and refraining from improper sexual practices.
lus kyi rnam par shes pa'i khams|One of the eighteen constituents.
lus kyi rnam par shes pa'i khams|Fifteenth of the eighteen sensory elements.
lus kyi skye mched|Fifth of the twelve sense fields.
lus kyi skyon yang dag par sel ba|Lit. “overcomes physical flaws.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
lus kyi yang dag par sel ba|Name of the 109th meditative stability.
lus la rma mtshan can|Those who are marked by brands on bondage or scars from corporal punishment, or tattooed. A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
lus ma smad|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnapāṇi.
lus mchog|Mother of the buddha Aparājita dhvaja.
lus mdangs can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suprabha.
lus mdzed|A buddha.
lus mdzes|Father of the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa.
lus med|A king of the nāgas.
lus mtshan|The characteristic marks of the body of a divine being.
lus ngan phyogs|The term is used as a reference to the northern direction, which is governed by the deity Kubera.
lus ngan po|Another name for Vaiśravaṇa, the king of the yakṣas.
lus ngan po|One of the four great kings, also known as Vaiśravaṇa.
lus ngan po|The god of wealth and the king of the yakṣas; one of the four great kings of the directions.
lus ngan po|A god of wealth, sometimes (as in the Ratnaketudhāraṇī) identified with Vaiśravaṇa, one of the Four Great Kings.
lus ngan po|One of the great kings of the four directions, Kubera guards the northern quarter of the heavens. Also known as Vaiśravaṇa.
lus ngan po|The king of yakṣas and an important wealth deity, he is also one of the four great kings in Buddhist cosmology. In this capacity he is commonly known as Vaiśravaṇa.
lus ngan|A god.
lus ngan|The god of wealth.
lus ngan|Epithet of Vaiśravaṇa.
lus ngan|In this instances, the name of a demon leader. This name generally belongs to Vaiśravaṇa, one of the four great kings.
lus ngan|Lord of yakṣas and deity of wealth, he is the guardian king of the northern direction, ruling from his city of Aḍakavatī. He is also known as Vaiśravaṇa.
lus ngan|Another name for Vaiśravaṇa, one of the Four Great Kings. He is the guardian of the north and lord of the yakṣas and is traditionally regarded as a yakṣa himself.
lus pa med pa'i blo|Father of the buddha Sūkṣmabuddhi.
lus pa med pa'i blo|Father of the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja.
lus pa med pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vṛṣabha.
lus rnam par 'jig pa|An absorption.
lus shin tu rnam par 'byes pa 'od mtha' yas pa|Mother of the buddha Prajñādatta.
lus srul mo|One of the great mātṛs.
lus srul po|A class of demonic, possessing beings.
lus srul po|A class of spirits similar to the pretas.
lus srul po|A class of demons; a subdivision of the pretas.
lus srul po|A class of demons associated with charnel grounds and cemeteries, closely related to vetālas.
lus srul po|A class of malevolent nonhuman beings, similar to pretas, who are often identified as the source of illness.
lus srul po|A class of nonhuman beings that are typically revolting and putrid in appearance and are a specific threat to the well-being of children.
lus su gtogs pa rjes su dran pa|Ninth of the ten recollections.
lus tsha ba|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination. The correct Sanskrit may be agnidāha.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
lus zhum mi bzad 'phyang|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
lus zla ba|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
mA ShA Da|A class of vidyādharas.
mA Sha|Phaseolus radiatus.
mA la ba|One of the four auxiliary pīṭhas.
mA la ya|One of the four pīṭhas.
mA li kA gling|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
mA ma kI|A Buddhist goddess.
mA ma kI|Consort of Ratnasambhava.
mA ma kI|The chief goddess of the vajra family, personifying the true nature of the element of water.
mA ra|When spelled with the lowercase, the term refers to the minions of Māra.
mAn de hA|A rākṣasī living on Ardhamaru.
mAr kaN Da|A famous Puranic rishi of India, who features particularly in the Shaivite literature.
ma 'dres pa bco brgyad|Eighteen special features of a buddha’s physical state, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by ordinary beings.
ma 'dres pa bcwa brgyad|Eighteen special features of a buddha’s behavior, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by other beings. They are as follows: He never makes a mistake, he is never boisterous, he never forgets, his concentration never falters, he has no notion of distinctness, his equanimity is not due to lack of consideration, his will never falters, his energy never fails, his mindfulness never falters, he never abandons his concentration, his wisdom never decreases, his liberation never fails, all his physical actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, all his verbal actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, all his mental actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, his knowledge and vision perceive the past without any attachment or hindrance, his knowledge and vision perceive the future without any attachment or hindrance, and his knowledge and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.
ma 'dres pa gsum dang dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|Mental attitudes peculiar to the Buddha, which are being neither pleased nor displeased whether an audience is responsive, unresponsive, or a mixture of both.
ma 'dres pa'i chos|Special qualities unique to buddhas and thus unshared by any others, they are often presented in a list of eighteen.
ma 'dres pa'i chos|Eighteen special features of a buddha’s behavior, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by other beings. They are as follows: (1) he never makes a mistake, (2) he is never boisterous, (3) he never forgets, (4) his concentration never falters, (5) he has no notion of distinctness, (6) his equanimity is not due to lack of consideration, (7) his motivation never falters, (8) his endeavor never fails, (9) his mindfulness never falters, (10) he never abandons his concentration, (11) his insight never decreases, (12) his liberation never fails, (13) all his physical actions are preceded and followed by wisdom (jñāna), (14) all his verbal actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, (15) all his mental actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, (16) his wisdom and vision perceive the past without any attachment or hindrance, (17) his wisdom and vision perceive the future without any attachment or hindrance, and (18) his wisdom and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.
ma 'dres pa'i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa gsum|The Mahā vyupatti enumerates these as (1) equanimity toward those who listen respectfully (śuśrūṣamāṇeṣu samacittatā, {gus par nyan pa rnams la sems snyoms pa}); (2) equanimity toward those who do not listen respectfully (aśuśrūṣamāṇeṣu samacittatā, {gus par mi nyan pa rnams la sems syoms pa}); and (3) equanimity toward both those who listen respectfully and those who do not listen respectfully (śuśrūṣamāṇāśuśrūṣamāṇeṣu samacittatā, {gus par nyan pa dang gus par mi nyan pa rnams la sems snyoms pa}) (Mahā vyupatti 16).
ma 'dres par sems pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Aśoka.
ma 'dres pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
ma 'dres pa|Eighteen special features of a buddha’s behavior, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by other beings. They are as follows: (1) he never makes a mistake, (2) he is never boisterous, (3) he never forgets, (4) his concentration never falters, (5) he has no notion of distinctness, (6) his equanimity is not due to lack of consideration, (7) his motivation never falters, (8) his endeavor never fails, (9) his mindfulness never falters, (10) he never abandons his concentration, (11) his insight never decreases, (12) his liberation never fails, (13) all his physical actions are preceded and followed by wisdom (jñāna), (14) all his verbal actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, (15) all his mental actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, (16) his wisdom and vision perceive the past without any attachment or hindrance, (17) his wisdom and vision perceive the future without any attachment or hindrance, and (18) his wisdom and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.
ma 'dzin|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ma 'gag pa|Śrāvaka arhat.
ma 'gags pa|Close disciple of the Buddha.
ma 'gags pa|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
ma 'gags pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ma 'gags pa|The Buddha’s cousin, and one of his ten principal pupils. Renowned for his clairvoyance.
ma 'gags pa|The Buddha’s first cousin, born of the Śākya clan, who was among the most eminent of the Buddha’s monastic disciples.
ma 'gags pa|A śrāvaka disciple and cousin of the Buddha who was famed for his meditative prowess and superknowledges. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-940 .
ma 'gags|(1) A disciple of the Buddha. (2) A buddha in the past.
ma 'khrugs shing shes rab brtsegs pa'i 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prajñādatta.
ma 'ongs pa'i dus la ma chags ma thogs pa'i ye shes gzigs par 'jug go|Seventeenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
ma Ni tA ra|One of the mantric forms of Tārā’s name.
ma Sha|A unit of weight equal to 17 grains troy.
ma blangs ba'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
ma bsad pa|One class of person barred from joining the renunciate order.
ma bsnyal ba'i rgyal mtshan|The realm of Ānanda when he becomes a buddha as given in the prose. (An avana tā Dhvaja vaijayantī in the verse.)
ma bsnyal rgyal mtshan rgyal ba'i ba dan|The realm of Ānanda when he becomes a buddha, as given in the verse. (An avanāmita vaijayantī in the prose.)
ma btud par phyag pus mo'i lha nga la reg pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-sixth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
ma byin par blangs pa|The second of the ten nonvirtuous actions (see ten nonvirtuous courses of action).
ma byin par len pa|Second of ten non-virtuous actions.
ma byin par len pa|Essentially meaning to steal. Refraining from stealing or taking what is not given is the second of the eight poṣadha vows.
ma byin par len pa|The second among the three physical misdeeds. Also rendered here according to the literal meaning of {ma byin par len pa}, “taking what was not given.”
ma chags sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prabhāsthita kalpa.
ma dad|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
ma drA|A land in the south of Jambudvīpa.
ma dri|A wife of the bodhisattva in his former rebirth as Sudaṃṣṭra.
ma dros pa|The name of a serpent king who dwells in the legendary Lake Manasarovar.
ma dros pa|The fourth highest of the five Śuddhāvāsa paradises, the highest paradises in the form realm.
ma dros pa|A lake that is considered the source of four great rivers, including the Ganges, in Buddhist cosmology.
ma dros pa|A lake north of the Himalayas believed to be the source of the river Sutlej and identified with Rakshastal.
ma dros pa|A buddha realm located in the eastern direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Also called Absence of Torment.
ma dros pa|A vast legendary lake on the other side of the Himalayas. Only those with miraculous powers can go there. It is said to be the source of the world’s four great rivers.
ma dros|Name of a nāga king.
ma du ka|Glycyrrhiza glabra according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
ma ga dhA bzang mo|A pond. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2055 .
ma ga dhA|A country frequently visited by the Buddha.
ma ga dhA|The largest kingdom in Northern India during the time of the Buddha.
ma ga dhA|An ancient country corresponding to southern Bihar, part of the heartland where the Buddha was active and where Buddhism was first established.
ma ga dhA|One of the most important regions during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni, ruled by Bimbisāra and later his son Ajātaśatru from the capital Rājagṛha.
ma ga dha|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vibhrājacchattra.
ma ga dha|The ancient kingdom in what is now south Bihar. Its king, Bimbisāra, became a patron of Śakyāmuni.
ma ga dha|A large and important kingdom during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni, ruled by Bimbisāra and later his son Ajātaśatru from the capital Rājagṛha.
ma ga dha|The ancient kingdom in what is now southern Bihar, within which the Buddha attained enlightenment. During most of the life of the Buddha it was ruled by King Bimbisāra. During the Buddha’s later years it began to expand greatly under the reign of King Ajātaśatru, and in the third century, during the reign of Aśoka, it become an empire that controlled most of India.
ma ga dha|This ancient kingdom is in what is now southern Bihar, within which the Buddha attained enlightenment. During most of the life of the Buddha it was ruled by King Bimbisara. During the Buddha’s later years it began to expand greatly under the reign of King Ajataśatru. In the third century ce, during the reign of Aśoka, it become an empire that controlled most of India.
ma ga dha|An ancient Indian kingdom that lay to the south of the Ganges river in what is today the state of Bihar. Magadha was the largest of the sixteen “great states” (Mahājanapada) that flourished between the sixth and third centuries BCE in northern India. During the life of the Buddha Śākyamuni, it was ruled by King Bimbisāra and was home to many of the most important Buddhist sites, including Bodh Gayā, Nālandā, and Rājagṛha. Its capital was initially Rājagṛha but was later moved to Pāṭaliputra (modern day Patna) sometime after the reign of Bimbisāra's usurper son, Ajātaśatru.
ma gcig grub pa'i rgyal mo|A twefth century yoginī, female guru of Rechungpa.
ma hA pR ti sA re|In the Sampuṭodbhava, this deity is invoked to help obtain a son.
ma hA shu ma ta|Son of Śani, householder who lived in the past at the time of the buddha King of All Qualities’ Light Rays.
ma hA su kha badzra te dzaH|“Fire of Great Bliss,” a bahuvrīhi epithet addressing a heruka.
ma ha pa sha pa ti|The maternal aunt and adoptive mother of the Buddha as well as the first woman to be ordained.
ma he ldan|A city.
ma he|One of the rāśis.
ma he|Bubalus arnee. Also called Asian buffalo and Asiatic buffalo.
ma hi ShI kA|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
ma khengs pa|Lit. “when there is no pride.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ma khol|An ascetic statesman.
ma khol|A Buddhist poet who flourished around the second century ce.
ma la 'bod|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ma la ba|A country in ancient India (modern-day Malwa).
ma la dpal du 'dzin pa|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ma la gdus|The charioteer of Indra (Śakra).
ma la ya gnas pa|A class of vidyādharas.
ma la ya|The country Malabar.
ma la ya|A mountain in the south of Jambudvīpa.
ma la ya|The range of mountains in West India, also called the Western ghats, known for its sandalwood forests.
ma li ka|Jasminum sambac. Erroneously called “Arabian jasmine.”
ma lus spyan|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ma ma ri dags|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ma mo 'dzin pa|The ancient specialists in what later evolved to be the ābhidharmikas.
ma mo|A class of female spirits, the same as mātṛ.
ma mo|Buddhist lists or summaries akin to abhidharma.
ma mo|A class of female spirits, sometimes called mother goddesses.
ma mo|“Mother,” any of the eight Śaiva goddesses of the class bearing the same name.
ma mo|“Mothers”; a class of female spirits common to both the Buddhist and Brahmanical pantheon. They are typically eight in number.
ma mo|An early name for the abhidharmapiṭaka and also a germinal list or index of topics.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1192 .
ma na ba ga|A king of the nāgas.
ma na ba|This renders the vocative Tibetan {ma na ba}, which is an approximate phonetic rendition of Sanskrit māṇava “lad, boy, youth; young brahmin” (cf. Apte, s.v. māṇava). When not in the vocative in direct speech, we have translated it as “brahmin youth.”
ma nges pa'i tshogs|Third of the three provisions.
ma ning phrag dog can|A person who only becomes erect out of the jealousy they feel when seeing a woman having sex with another person. One of the five types of person labeled a paṇḍaka, all of whom are barred from joining the renunciate order.
ma ning|A person who either has no sexual organs, degenerated sexual organs, or the organs of both sexes.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-066-003.html#UT22084-066-003-27 .
ma ning|An imprecise term that is difficult to translate, it designates people of different gender statuses and a diverse array of physiological and behavioral conditions related to gender and sexuality.
ma ning|The Tibetan term {ma ning} is broader than any existing English term and refers not only to those whose sexual characteristics are not clearly defined as male or female (intersexual), but also to those who do not have any proper gender organs, those who may have both, and those who are neuter, infertile, or who simply have physical or non-physical characteristics of a {ma ning}.
ma ning|In the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, the term paṇḍaka encompasses diverse physiological and behavioral conditions, such as intersexuality, erectile dysfunction, and fetishes that imply an inability to engage in normative sexual behavior. The criteria for being designated a paṇḍaka are not strictly physiological but neither are they grounded exclusively in gender identity or sexual orientation. Paṇḍaka is, in effect, a catchall category and, as such, defies easy translations like “neuter,” “androgyne,” “intersexual,” “transgender,” or “paraphiliac.”
ma ning|An imprecise, catchall term, difficult to translate. It designates people with various kinds of unclear gender status, including but not restricted to physical intersex conditions and hermaphrodites. It can, for example, also mean a eunuch, or from the Vinaya account of the expulsion of a paṇḍaka , a male who sought other males to have sex with him. See also the glossary entry in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh1-1.html#UT22084-001-001-2567. It could also be applied to a transgender male, not necessarily a eunuch, such as the hijras. Hijras, men who dress as women, have been an established part of Indian society since ancient times and all-hijra communities still have a significant societal role. Hijra is a more recent term with a Hindustani-Urdu origin.
ma ning|In the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, the term paṇḍaka (Tib. {ma ning}) encompasses diverse physiological and behavioral conditions, such as intersexuality, erectile dysfunction, and fetishes that imply an inability to engage in normative sexual behavior. Five different types of person labeled a paṇḍaka are identified in the text (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1616 ): intersex persons, rhythmic-consecutive persons, sexually submissive persons, persons with a voyeuristic fetish, and persons with a sexual disability (see glossary entries for each). The criteria for being designated a person labeled a paṇḍaka are not strictly physiological, but neither are they grounded exclusively in gender identity or sexual orientation. Person labeled a paṇḍaka is, in effect, a catchall category and, as such, defies easy translations like “neuter,” “androgyne,” “intersexual,” “transgender,” or “paraphiliac.”\nSee also Gyatso (2003), Cabezón (1993), Zwilling (1992), and Likhitpreechakul (2012).
ma nyams pa'i yon tan 'byung ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
ma pham pa'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Pile of Bad Colors That Delights in Disputation.
ma pham pa|The name of Maitreya before his awakening.
ma pham pa|Another name for Maitreya, the future buddha.
ma pham pa|Epithet for the bodhisattva and future Buddha Maitreya.
ma pham pa|“Unconquered,” an alternate name for the bodhisattva Maitreya; the name of a bodhisattva; also an epithet of the deity Viṣṇu.
ma pham pa|Another name of Maitreya, the bodhisattva who became Śākyamuni’s regent and is prophesied to be the next buddha, the fifth buddha in the fortunate eon.
ma pham pa|The other name of Maitreya, the bodhisattva who became Śākyamuni’s regent and is prophesied to be the next buddha, the fifth buddha in the fortunate eon. In early Buddhism he appears as the human disciple Maitreya Tiṣya, sent to pay his respects by his teacher. The Buddha gives him the gift of a robe and prophesies he will be the next buddha, while his companion Ajita will be the next cakravartin. As a bodhisattva in the Mahāyāna he has both these names.
ma pham|A lake in Jambudvīpa.
ma pham|Another name for Maitreya.
ma pham|An epithet of the bodhisattva Maitreya.
ma rig pa|The first link of dependent arising.
ma rig pa|The first of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
ma rig pa|First of the twelve links of dependent origination; first of the four torrents; third of the fetters associated with the higher realms.
ma rig pa|First of the twelve links of dependent origination, one of the root afflictive emotions (see also “subsidiary afflictive emotions”), it is the root of misapprehension of phenomena as truly existent (Rigzin 311).
ma rlan pa'i glang po dam pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Victory Banner of Mount Sumeru.
ma rungs pa|A city.
ma rungs pa|One of the grahas.
ma ru|One of the auxiliary charnel grounds.
ma sdug|A young brahmin and disciple of Pauṣkarasāri.
ma ska ri 'ga' ba ya la|An Indian teacher associated with the Ājīvika sect. His doctrine is known as saṃsāra viśuddhi, i.e., the doctrine of purity for getting rid of the cycle of birth and death.
ma skyes dgra|King Ajātaśatru of Magadha succeeded his father, Bimbisāra, after imprisoning him and causing his death. Despite this evil act, King Ajātaśatru was later repentant and, in the end, is viewed favorably in Buddhist literature.
ma skyes dgra|The son of Bimbisāra, ruler of Magadha at the time of the Buddha, who committed patricide, usurped his father’s throne, and conspired with Devadatta to take over the saṅgha. He later repented and became a lay disciple of the Buddha.
ma skyes dgra|The second King of Magadha during the Buddha’s time. He was the son of King Bimbisāra and one of his queens, Vaidehī ({lus 'phags mo}), and usurped his father’s throne. After Bimbisāra died in his subsequent imprisonment, Ajātaśatru felt remorse and became an ardent supporter of the Buddha.
ma skyes dgra|A king of Magadha, the son of King Bimbisāra and Queen Vaidehī. He reigned during the last ten years of the Buddha’s life and about twenty years after. He overthrew his father and through invasion expanded the kingdom of Magadha. According to the Buddhist tradition he was murdered by his own son Udayabhadra.
ma skyes dgra|King of Magadha and son of king Bimbisāra. He reigned during the last ten years of the Buddha’s life and about twenty years after. He overthrew his father and through invasion expanded the kingdom of Magadha. After his father’s death, he became tormented with guilt and regret, converted to Buddhism, and supported the Buddha and his community.
ma skyes dgra|King of Magadha, son of the king Bimbisāra. As a prince, he befriended Devadatta, who convinced him to kill his father and take the throne for himself. After his father's death he was tormented with guilt and became a follower of the Buddha. He supported the compilation of the Buddha’s teachings during the First Council in Rājagṛha, and also built a stūpa for the Buddha's relics.
ma slob|The stage of a person who has attained the highest level of realization on their respective path, whether that of the listeners, the solitary buddhas or the buddhas.
ma smad grags pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāpriya.
ma smad grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnaprabhāsa.
ma smad pa'i bsod nams dbang phyug|A universal monarch.
ma smad pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
ma smad pa|A buddha realm.
ma smad pa|A world system.
ma smad pa|Father of the buddha Brahmamuni.
ma smad pa|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
ma smad|Son of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
ma smad|Mother of the buddha Velāmarāja.
ma smad|Attendant of the buddha Samadhyāyin.
ma smad|The 289th buddha in the first list, 288th in the second list, and 288th in the third list.
ma spangs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Samṛddha.
ma ta la|A grove in Supreme Splendor.
ma ta li|Śakra’s elephant driver.
ma thu la|A town.
ma tu lung ka|Citrus medica.
ma zhum|The 832nd buddha in the first list, 831st in the second list, and 821st in the third list.
mad ta ka Ta ma|A peak upon Mount Sumeru.
mada ra|Mandara is a mountain that appears in various purāṇas describing the origin of amṛta, the drink of immortality. In these, Mount Mandara is used by the gods as a churning rod to churn the ocean of milk, whereby amṛta is produced.
maha'i NaM|A vetāla in one of the variants of the maṇḍala of Caṇḍa mahā roṣaṇa.
mai tre ya siM ha lo tsa ne|A goddess invoked in a mantra to cure blindness.
maitre ya|The bodhisattva who will be the next buddha.
malla|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
man dA ra ba chen po|Great coral tree.
man dA ra ba'i bsung ldan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sārathi.
man dA ra ba|Heavenly flowers said to be very bright and aromatic, which gladden the hearts of those who see them.
man dA ra ba|Flowers of the heavenly Mandārava tree, whose blossoms often rain down in salutation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.
man dA ra ba|A past buddha under whom Śākyamuni acquired merit along the first through ninth bhūmis, according to the Mahāvastu.
man dA ra ba|The flowers of the coral tree, Erythrina indica, one of the five trees of paradise, which has brilliant scarlet flowers.
man dA ra ba|Flowers of the Erythrina indica, native to India and commonly known as the coral tree. The flowers have scarlet red petals.
man dA ra ba|Erythrina indica or Erythrina variegata. Also known as mandarava, flame tree, and tiger’s claw. In the summer it is covered in large crimson flowers, which are believed to also grow in Indra’s paradise. The coral tree is the most widespread species of Erythrina or mandārava, taller than the others, and all are collectively known as coral trees.
man dAr ba brtsegs pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
man de ha|A rākṣasī living in Blue Waters.
man dzu Sha ka chen po|Lycoris albiflora. These flowers are both white and red and are said to also grow in the deva realms.
man dzu sha ka chen po|A large celestial tree famed for its fragrance and beautiful flowers.
man ngag|Instructions passed down orally by a qualified master that enable a reader to penetrate the full meaning of esoteric scriptures such as this.
man shel can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Bright Jewel.
man shel|A Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit term.
mang byed ma|A yakṣiṇī invoked in magical rites.
mang khyer|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mang ldan ma|One of the great piśācīs.
mang po skyes|One of the five goddesses personifying the five “hooks of gnosis.”
mang po'i bla ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Overcoming through Triumph in Battle.
mang pos bkur ba|The first king of the world.
mang pos mchod 'os|A merchant (lit. “Fit to be Honored by Many”). Identical with Rūpavati.
mang pos mchod|Mother of the buddha Lokasundara.
mang yul|This seems to be one of the Himalayan countries; the Tibetan translation essentially means the front range of the Himalayas.
mar dkar|A kind of dairy product made from fermented milk.
mar gyi snying khu|Mahāvyutpatti 5683.
mar me byed|A buddha realm.
mar me can|A world system.
mar me can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Source of Jewels.
mar me chen po|A bodhisattva.
mar me ldan|Pradīpā (Bright Lamp) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Siṃha.
mar me ldan|The name of the capital city of Dīpaṃkara (Edgerton 265.1); the name of the royal palace of King Dīpa, who ruled the land of Dīpaṃkara during Buddha Dīpaṃkara’s time.
mar me ma|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering; one of the four guardian goddesses who can be indicated to a fellow practitioner by her pledge sign.
mar me mdzad chen po|One of the most renowned of former Buddhas.
mar me mdzad pa|Dīpaṅkara is a buddha of the past said to have lived one hundred thousand years before Śākyamuni. In depictions of the buddhas of the three times, he represents the buddha of the past, while Śākyamuni represents the present, and Maitreya represents the future.
mar me mdzad|Lit. Illuminator. Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Light of Victory.
mar me mdzad|A former buddha in front of whom the Buddha Śākyamuni (in a past life) first formed the aspiration to awaken.
mar me mdzad|A thus-gone one of a previous eon who is famous for having issued the prophecy of Śākyamuni’s awakening as a Buddha.
mar me mdzad|The former buddha who prophesied Buddha Śākyamuni’s awakening, sometimes said to have been the fourth in a line of twenty-seven buddhas preceding Śākyamuni.
mar me mdzad|A previous buddha who gave Śākyamuni the prophecy of his buddhahood. In depictions of the buddhas of the three times, he represents the buddhas of the past, while Śākyamuni represents the present, Maitreya the future.
mar me mdzad|A buddha who appeared two incalculable eons before Buddha Śākyamuni’s time and is celebrated in Buddhist literature and artwork as the first Buddha to predict the bodhisattva Sumati’s future enlightenment as Buddha Śākyamuni.
mar me'i bdag po|A buddha.
mar me'i dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mar me'i glog 'gyu|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśas (17 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mar me'i lha|The god of fire.
mar mer|The Gaṇḍa vyūha uses the same terminology as the Jain text Tandulaveyāliyua and differs from other sūtras. In the Nanda garbhāvakranti nirdeśa sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh57.html, kalala is translated as {mer mer po}. In other texts the first stage is translated as {nur nur po}.
mar me|A buddha realm.
mar me|The name of the Buddha in a past life, when he was a brahmin boy.
mar me|The 31st buddha in the first list, 31st in the second list, and 32nd in the third list.
mar me|King who reigned in the palace Dīpavatī, during the time of Buddha Dīpaṃkara, two incalculable eons before Buddha Śākyamuni’s day.
mar pa chos kyi blo gros|(1012 - 1097) Tibetan translator and lay practitioner from Lhodrak, traveled several times to Nepal and India to receive tantric Buddhist teachings, notably from Nāropa and Maitripā, and in Tibet established an important set of lineages through his “four pillar” disciples Milarepa, Ngoktön Chöku Dorje, Tshurtön Wangki Dorje, and Metön Tshönpo.
mar sar gyi gong bu|A lake on the mountain called “Excellence of Exquisite Intelligence.”
marga ti|Galedupa piscidia.
mas ma me mur|One of the hells.
maud gal gyi bu chen po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight great śrāvakas.
maud gal gyi bu chen po|One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his miraculous abilities. Also called Maudgalyāyana.
maud gal gyi bu chen po|A close hearer disciple of the Buddha, reknowned for his miraculous powers. Also rendered here just as “Maud galyā yana.”
maud gal gyi bu chen po|Alternate name for Maudgalyāyana, one of the closest disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni, known for his miraculous abilities.
maud gal gyi bu chen po|Along with Śāriputra, one of the Buddha’s two foremost disciples, known for his miraculous powers. Also rendered here simply as “Maudgalyāyana.”
maud gal gyi bu chen po|One of the two principal pupils of the Buddha, along with Śariputra. He was renowned for miraculous powers. He was assassinated during the Buddha’s lifetime.
maud gal gyi bu|One of the chief śrāvakas, paired with Śāriputra. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-919 .
maud gal gyi bu|Alternate name for Mahāmaudgalyāyana, one of the closest disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni, who was known for his miraculous abilities.
maud gal gyi bu|The greatest miracle worker among the Buddha’s direct disciples. His relatives named him Maudgalyāyana in honor of his being a descendant of Mudgala. Respectfully referred to as Mahāmaudgalyāyana.
maud gal gyi bu|Along with Śāradvatīputra, one of the Buddha Śākyamuni’s two main bhikṣu disciples, renowned as foremost in miraculous powers and endeavor. His family clan was descended from Mudgala, hence his name Maudgalyāyana (The Son of Mudgala’s Descendants).
maud gal gyi bu|One of the two principal pupils of the Buddha, renowned for miraculous powers. He was assassinated during the Buddha’s lifetime. His family clan was descended from Mudgala, hence his name Maudgalyāyana, “the son of Mudgala’s descendants.” See also under Kolita, his other name.
maud gal gyi bu|One of the principal hearer disciples of the Buddha, paired with Śāriputra, he was renowned for his miraculous powers. His family clan was descended from Mudgala, hence his name Maudgalyā yana, “the son of Mudgala’s descendants.” Respectfully referred to as Mahā maudgalyā yana.
maud gal rigs|“Of the family of Mudgala.” Alternative name for Maudgalyāyana (descendant of Mudgala). One of the two principal pupils of the Buddha.
maud gal|The mother of Maudgalyāyana.
maud gal|One of the closest disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni, known for his miraculous abilities.
mche ba bzang|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
mche ba dkar ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the eighth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
mche ba gtsigs ma|‟Terrible One with Bared Fangs,” one of the eight demonesses who inhabit the eight great charnel grounds.
mche ba mchog tu rno|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mche ba'i dug|A nāga who visits Saṅkāśa Mountain.
mche ba'i khyim|A city.
mchi ma'i rgyun me lta bur mi chad pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
mchims brtson seng|Late-eleventh to early-twelfth century. The text gives the shortened version of his name, which in full is {mchims brtson 'grus seng ge}. A disciple of Bari Lotsawa.
mchin skran|Listed as a type of leprosy in Monier-Williams, the literal translation of the term implies that it is a disease that is associated with the liver.
mchod 'dod|Mother of the buddha Satyadeva.
mchod 'dod|Son of the buddha Samṛddhayaśas.
mchod 'os kha lo sgyur|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnapriya.
mchod 'os ma|Mother of the buddha Toṣaṇa.
mchod 'os|Son of the buddha Jñānapriya.
mchod 'os|Father of the buddha Satyadeva.
mchod 'os|Attendant of the buddha Śāntimati.
mchod 'os|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
mchod 'os|The 136th buddha in the first list, 136th in the second list, and 136th in the third list.
mchod bkod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthita buddhi rūpa.
mchod bsngags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gambhīramati.
mchod byin|Son of the buddha Praśasta.
mchod cing bkur|Birthplace of the buddha Tejasprabha.
mchod cing bsgoms|Birthplace of the buddha Pratibhānagaṇa.
mchod dga'|Son of the buddha Dyutimat.
mchod don|Mother of the buddha Devaraśmi.
mchod dpal|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
mchod gnas dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sāra (936 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchod gnas spyod|Birthplace of the buddha Caitraka.
mchod gnas|The 935th buddha in the first list, 934th in the second list, and 925th in the third list.
mchod grags tog|Son of the buddha Śīlaprabha.
mchod grags|Attendant of the buddha Priyābha.
mchod grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vijitāvin.
mchod grags|The 338th buddha in the first list, 337th in the second list, and 332nd in the third list.
mchod ldan|Son of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
mchod ldan|Attendant of the buddha Āryapriya.
mchod legs|Father of the buddha Supuṣpa.
mchod legs|Son of the buddha Jayanandin.
mchod legs|Attendant of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
mchod lha|Attendant of the buddha Somaraśmi.
mchod mchog thob|Attendant of the buddha Madaprahīṇa.
mchod mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Acala (945 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchod mthong|Attendant of the buddha Mayūraruta.
mchod pa 'byor|Mother of the buddha Sumitra.
mchod pa bkod pa|Father of the buddha Maṇivyūha.
mchod pa bkod pa|Mother of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.
mchod pa bkod pa|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
mchod pa bkod pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇakūṭa (331 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchod pa dag gis brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Yaśas.
mchod pa grags pa|The 338th buddha in the first list, 337th in the second list, and 332nd in the third list.
mchod pa lnga|Fragrances, flowers, incense, lamps, and food items.
mchod pa mchog dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Śreṣṭha.
mchod pa mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Udāragarbha.
mchod pa rnam pa lnga|Fragrances, flowers, incense, lamps, and food items.
mchod pa'i gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Satyakathin.
mchod pa'i rgyal po|The name of the being who acts as Māra in the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ realm.
mchod pa'i rgyan|Attendant of the buddha Vīryadatta.
mchod pa'i tshangs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mchod par 'os pa'i dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ojastejas (652 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchod par 'os|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Caraṇabhrāja.
mchod par 'os|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmagāmin (661 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchod par ldan|The 798th buddha in the first list, 797th in the second list, and 787th in the third list.
mchod par nges|Birthplace of the buddha Viniścitamati.
mchod pas kun du tshim|Birthplace of the buddha Ratibala.
mchod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Anantarūpa.
mchod pa|Worship that involves making offerings.
mchod pa|Attendant of the buddha Kṣemottamarāja.
mchod pa|A form of worship that involves offerings.
mchod pa|Worship consisting mainly of making offerings.
mchod pa|The 255th buddha in the first list, 254th in the second list, and 254th in the third list.
mchod phyir sprin thogs ma|A goddess.
mchod phyir thogs|A term for the thread with which members of the twice-born castes are invested upon their entrance into the student stage, during which they master the study of Vedic and other religious rites, and that they wear during the performance of any rites.
mchod rten bcu pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samudradatta.
mchod rten bzang po|Birthplace of the buddha Suceṣṭa.
mchod rten chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śāntagati.
mchod rten chung|Mother of the buddha Muniprasanna.
mchod rten dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.
mchod rten dpal chen ma|“Great Splendor of Reliquaries,” one of the mantra deities.
mchod rten grags pa|Mother of the buddha Asaṅgamati.
mchod rten grags|Mother of the buddha Satyakathin.
mchod rten grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyapradīpa.
mchod rten kha lo sgyur|Birthplace of the buddha Sārathi.
mchod rten mchod|Son of the buddha Subuddhi.
mchod rten mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmaruta.
mchod rten mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita locana.
mchod rten mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sugandha.
mchod rten rmad du byung|Birthplace of the buddha Merudhvaja.
mchod rten shing rta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānasāgara.
mchod rten snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Hutārci.
mchod rten|A shrine or other structure used as a focal point for offerings. When these contain relics of a buddha or other realized beings, they are more commonly called stūpas.
mchod rten|A mound or circular structure used as a focal point for offerings. When these contain relics of a buddha or other realized beings, they are more commonly called stūpas.
mchod rten|Sometimes synonymous with stūpa, but can refer to a temple that may or may not contain a stūpa, or any place or thing that is worthy of veneration. The Tibetan translation is identical for stūpa and caitya.
mchod rten|A sacred object representative of the mind of a buddha and the body of reality (dharmakāya), originally constructed to hold the mortal remains of Śākyamuni Buddha. The symbolism of the stūpa is complex, and its design varies considerably throughout the Buddhist world.
mchod rten|Sometimes synonymous with stūpa, however, caitya can also in certain contexts refer to a temple that may or may not contain a stūpa, or to any place or thing that is worthy of veneration. The Tibetan translates both stūpa and caitya with the same word—{mchod rten} (“basis” or “recipient” of offerings). Pali: cetiya.
mchod rten|A general term for any structure or site that is deemed worthy of veneration. In Tibetan, the term can be literally translated as “a basis of worship.” Such a site can be naturally occurring but is more typically a structure erected for the purpose of worship. This can be a mound, a shrine, or other generically shaped structure, but in most Buddhist contexts is identified with the domed structure also known as a stūpa. Both caitya and stūpa are translated into Tibetan with the term {mchod rten}, but a stūpa is a subcategory of caitya that specifically contains a relic of the Buddha, another tathāgata, or another sacred person.
mchod sbyin 'byor ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Mahātejas.
mchod sbyin byin|Son of the buddha Asaṅgamati.
mchod sbyin byin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmarāja (897 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchod sbyin bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Asaṅgamati.
mchod sbyin bzang po|Father of the buddha Anuttarajñānin.
mchod sbyin bzang|The 773rd buddha in the first list, 772nd in the second list, and 762nd in the third list.
mchod sbyin chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nandeśvara (295 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchod sbyin go bgos nga ro'i blo can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vidvat.
mchod sbyin gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Suyajña.
mchod sbyin gyi rig byed|Along with the Ṛg Veda, Sāma Veda, and Atharva Veda, one of the four Vedas, the most ancient Sanskrit religious literature of India.
mchod sbyin legs mchod|Father of the buddha Sundarapārśva.
mchod sbyin legs|Attendant of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
mchod sbyin ma|Mother of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
mchod sbyin nga ro|The 767th buddha in the first list, 766th in the second list, and 756th in the third list.
mchod sbyin rus 'dzin|A bodhisattva.
mchod sbyin yon brgyan ma|Mother of the buddha Dharaṇīdhara.
mchod sbyin|Father of the buddha Krakucchanda.
mchod sbyin|Attendant of the buddha Vaśavartirāja.
mchod sbyin|Along with the Ṛgveda, Sāmaveda, and Atharvaveda, one of the four Vedas, the most ancient Sanskrit religious literature of India. It is primarily comprised of instructions and arrangements for Vedic rites.
mchod sdong|“Pillar” is a rather loose rendering for this term, which refers more specifically to ceremonial or memorial columns, or to the sacrificial posts used in Vedic rituals (cf. Monier-Williams).
mchod sdong|A post set up as a marker to which offerings may be presented. Described in the Maitreyāvadāna (“The Story of Maitreya”), which in the Kangyur is found within the Bhaiṣajya vastu (in Vinayavastu, Toh 1, Degé Kangyur vol. kha, folios 29a-32b), see https://read.84000.co/translation/toh1-6.html#UT22084-001-006-1089 (the term is translated as “divine pillar”); a matching passage from the Divyāvadāna is translated in Rotman (2008), pp. 121–24.
mchod spangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Supriya.
mchod yon|An offering usually consisting of flowers and water and offered to welcome a visitor; in the MMK rituals, it can also mean a similar farewell offering.
mchod yon|The offering consisting mainly of water for washing the feet, washing the hands, or rinsing the mouth, which is offered to a guest (or a summoned deity) to welcome them or bid them farewell.
mchod yon|Typically an offering of water for the feet, but can include other items offered to welcome a guest. In the Bhūta ḍāmara Tantra, however, it often consists of an article of food and is, on some occasions, referred to as bali.
mchog 'dod|Son of the buddha Subāhu.
mchog bden|Attendant of the buddha Sumanas.
mchog bsags|Birthplace of the buddha Vidumati.
mchog dag gis brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇottama.
mchog dam pa|The realm of the Buddha Immaculate Hand.
mchog dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
mchog dga' grags pa|The 132nd buddha in the first list, 132nd in the second list, and 132nd in the third list.
mchog dga' rgyal po|The 68th buddha in the first list, 68th in the second list, and 69th in the third list.
mchog dga'|The second of the four types of joy.
mchog gi 'byung gnas|Name of the fiftieth meditative stability.
mchog gi bkod pa|Two different bodhisattvas.
mchog gi blo gros gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
mchog gi blo gros|Name of a bodhisattva.
mchog gi blo gros|Mother of the buddha Uttama.
mchog gi blo gros|A brahmin boy; former incarnation of the Buddha.
mchog gi blo gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas.
mchog gi dam pa|Attendant of the buddha Muni.
mchog gi dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
mchog gi dbyangs|A son of King Sarvārthasiddha.
mchog gi dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Adīnaghoṣa.
mchog gi dpal|A buddha.
mchog gi dpal|A bodhisattva.
mchog gi dpal|In chapter 1 the name of a bodhisattva in the presence of Śākyamuni at Śrāvastī. In chapter 44 the name of one of the future buddhas in this kalpa.
mchog gi gzugs|As one of the four mahārājas, he is the lord of the northern region of the world and the northern continent, though in early Buddhism he is the lord of the far north of India and beyond. He is also the lord of the yakṣas and a lord of wealth.
mchog gi nor bu|A great bodhisattva.
mchog gi rgyal po|Son of the buddha Uttama.
mchog gi rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhu sūrya garbha.
mchog gi sprin|A son of King Sarvārthasiddha.
mchog gi tshogs can|A buddha.
mchog gi tshogs can|A great bodhisattva.
mchog gi tshogs can|The name of the bodhisattva Vigataśoka when he became a buddha.
mchog gi zung|An epithet of the monks Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana.
mchog grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nanda (64 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchog gsung|The 685th buddha in the first list, 684th in the second list, and 676th in the third list.
mchog ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Nāgadatta.
mchog ldan|Mother of the buddha Yaśottara.
mchog ldan|Chokden Lekpé Lodrö ({mchog ldan legs pa'i blo gros}), a Sakya master of the thirteenth century.
mchog legs|Father of the buddha Śreṣṭha.
mchog ma|Son of the buddha Abhyudgataśrī.
mchog ma|Attendant of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
mchog ma|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
mchog ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kanakamuni.
mchog mchod ma|Mother of the buddha Jyotīrāma.
mchog mdzad|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Triumphant.
mchog mdzes|Birthplace of the buddha Sārthavāha.
mchog mthong ma|Mother of the buddha Ghoṣasvara.
mchog rgyal brtul zhugs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maticintin.
mchog sbyin 'dzin|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
mchog sbyin 'jug|Mother of the buddha Vegajaha.
mchog sbyin pa|Son of the buddha Sārathi.
mchog sbyin|Mother of the buddha Jyotiṣmat.
mchog sbyin|Gesture in which the arm is extended down and the palm faces outward.
mchog sbyin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sārathi.
mchog sems|Son of the buddha Prabhūta.
mchog sems|Attendant of the buddha Nāgakrama.
mchog smra|Father of the buddha Vararuci.
mchog smra|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śūra.
mchog sred|One of the ministers of King Nanda.
mchog sred|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmakośa.
mchog sred|The 229th buddha in the first list, 228th in the second list, and 228th in the third list.
mchog tu brtan|Mother of the buddha Kṣemaṃkara.
mchog tu brtson|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mchog tu bzang po'i blo gros bzang po|A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa.
mchog tu bzang|Birthplace of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
mchog tu dga' ba'i rgyal po|A buddha.
mchog tu dga' ba'i rgyal po|The name of a bodhisattva.
mchog tu dga' ba'i rgyal po|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
mchog tu dga' ba'i rgyal po|Bodhisattva who requests the teaching of The Good Eon.
mchog tu dga' ba'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva in attendance as the Buddha delivers his teaching.
mchog tu dga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mchog tu dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñāna vihāsa svara.
mchog tu grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dānaprabha (334 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mchog tu khyad par 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pratibhāna rāṣṭra.
mchog tu mdzes par gshegs|The 728th buddha in the first list, 727th in the second list, and 717th in the third list.
mchog tu mdzes pa|Birthplace of the buddha Puṃgava.
mchog tu spong ba|Birthplace of the buddha Vimoharāja.
mchog|A buddha realm.
mchog|One of the nāga kings.
mchog|Attendant of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
mchog|The 579th buddha in the first list, 579th in the second list, and 572nd in the third list.
mchu mchog|One of the four parasites that are said to be inside the birth canals of women.
mchu|The name of a nakṣatra.
mchu|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Regulus in the occidental tradition.
mda' bo che|A brahmin who was the chief priest of Vaiśālī.
mda' bo che|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
mda' can|A yakṣa.
mda' rgyus|Abrus precatorius.
mda' thogs|The son of Daṇḍadhara (more commonly Daṇḍapāṇi) and brother of Yaśodharā and Venerable Aniruddha. His name in Tibetan, {mda' thogs}, is rendered here with the potential back-translation Iṣudhara .
mda'|Thirty-seventh of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
mdag me bye ma lta bu'i char rtag tu 'bab pa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
mdangs 'gro|Birthplace of the buddha Mahendra.
mdangs 'gro|The 466th buddha in the first list, 465th in the second list, and 459th in the third list.
mdangs 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dhyānarata (273 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mdangs 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Aśoka.
mdangs 'phrog pa|A class of supernatural beings that rob the strength of beings.
mdangs 'phrogs|“Vitality thief”; a class of nonhuman beings believed to be the cause of disease.
mdangs bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Puṇyadhvaja.
mdangs dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Satyabhāṇin.
mdangs dga' ba'i phyogs|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Complete Purifier of Speech.
mdangs dga'|Mother of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.
mdangs kyi 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Lokapriya.
mdangs kyi stobs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidvat (670 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mdangs kyis 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthitamitra.
mdangs ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
mdangs mnga'|The 916th buddha in the first list, 915th in the second list, and 906th in the third list.
mdangs mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.
mdangs sdug pa|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhahastin.
mdangs sdug|Son of the buddha Anihata.
mdangs snang byed|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhamati.
mdangs stobs 'gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ojodhārin.
mdangs stobs skye ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānarāśi (522 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mdangs stobs|Son of the buddha Manoratha.
mdangs stobs|Father of the buddha Anihata.
mdangs stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vasudeva.
mdangs stobs|The 851st buddha in the first list, 850th in the second list, and 840th in the third list.
mdangs stobs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśoratna (431 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mdangs thob|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
mdangs thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sundarapārśva.
mdangs yod|Father of the buddha Nirjvara.
mdangs|The principle of vital warmth and action throughout the body.
mdo sde dgongs 'grel|The “Sūtra of the Revelation of the Inner Intention,” it was the most important Mahāyāna sūtra for Āryāsaṅga and the Vijñānavāda school.
mdo sde|The collection of discourses of the Buddha.
mdo sde|Usually refers to a discourse by the Buddha, sometimes to just a few sentences by the Buddha, or sometimes, when not referring to the words of the Buddha, any concise doctrinal statement.
mdo sde|The term "teaching" renders here {mdo sde}, which usually refers to one of the collections of sūtras in the Kangyur. However, it can also mean the text of a particular sūtra or the teachings or doctrine contained in it—which is the case in this text.
mdo sde|Literally meaning “a thread,” this was an ancient term for teachings that were memorized and orally transmitted in an essential form. Therefore it can mean “pithy statements,” “rules,” and “aphorisms.” In Buddhism it refers to the Buddha’s teachings, whatever their length, and in terms of the three divisions of the Buddha’s teachings, it is the category of teachings other than those on the vinaya and abhidharma. It is also used as a category to contrast with the tantra teachings, though a number of important tantras have sūtra in their title. Another very specific meaning is when it is classed as one of the nine or twelve aspects of the Dharma. In that context sūtra means “a teaching given in prose,” and therefore is one aspect of what is generally called a sūtra.
mdo'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
mdo'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
mdo'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture. See also entry on the term “sūtra.“
mdog dri ma med pa'i 'od|“Stainless Light of Color.” The name of a kalpa in the past.
mdog gsal ba dag|Thirty-fifth of the eighty minor marks.
mdog gser lta bu dang ldan pa|Fourteenth of the thirty-two major marks.
mdog sngon|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
mdongs bu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mdor bsdus pa|A town in Videha.
mdor bstan che|A commentary on the Laghukālacakratantra.
mdor bstan|Laghukālacakratantra.
mdo|Literally “thread,” and generally used for pithy statements, rules, and aphorisms, on which are strung a commentary. Within Buddhism it refers generally to the Buddha’s nontantric teachings. In terms of the subdivisions into twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means the teachings given in prose.
mdo|In general Indian usage, the word for a highly condensed arrangement of verses that lends itself to memorization, serving as a basic text for a particular school of thought. In Buddhism, a scripture, in as much as it records either the direct speech of the Buddha, or the speech of someone manifestly inspired by him.
mdo|Primarily within Buddhism it refers to the Buddha’s nontantric teachings in general. Literally it means “thread.” It is also used in other contexts for pithy statements, rules, and aphorisms, on which are strung a commentary and terms of the subdivisions of a sūtra into twelve aspects of the Dharma; in that case, sūtra then means only the prose part of a sūtra.
mdo|In Buddhism it refers to the Buddha’s teachings, whatever their length, and in terms of the three divisions of the Buddha’s teachings, it is the category of teachings other than those on the Vinaya and Abhidharma. It is also used as a category to contrast with the tantra teachings. Another very specific meaning is when it is classed as one of the nine or twelve aspects of the Dharma. In that context sūtra means “discourse.”
mdo|In Indian literature, originally an orally transmitted memorized text, often a series of central points in concentrated form, and hence, called a sūtra, which means “thread.” In Buddhism, particularly with the lengthy Mahāyāna sutras, it came to mean any teaching of the Buddha, and later specifically those that were not part of the tantra tradition, even though a number of texts with the title of sūtra are classed as tantras. In the division of the Buddha’s teachings into twelve kinds, sūtra then has the specific meaning of any prose passages within a sūtra, tantra, or vinaya text.
mdo|Literally meaning “a thread,” this was an ancient term for teachings that were memorized and orally transmitted in an essential form. Therefore it can mean “pithy statements,” “rules,” and “aphorisms.” In Buddhism it refers to the Buddha’s teachings, whatever their length, and in terms of the three divisions of the Buddha’s teachings, it is the category of teachings other than those on the vinaya and abhidharma. It is also used as a category to contrast with the tantra teachings, though a number of important tantras have sūtra in their title. Another very specific meaning is when it is classed as one of the nine or twelve aspects of the Dharma. In that context sūtra means “a teaching given in prose,” and as such is one aspect of what is generally called a sūtra .
mdud pa bzhi|The four knots comprise covetousness, malice, moral supremacy, and ascetic supremacy. See Zhang Yisun et al (1985): 1379. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-875 .
mdun na 'don pa|A brahmin who serves as the king’s chaplain and chief ritual officiate for Vedic sacrifices.
mdun na 'don|A traditional Vedic priest.
mdun na 'don|Typically a reference to a priest in the Vedic tradition.
mdung can|A city.
mdung can|A yakṣiṇī.
mdung can|A rākṣasī known only from this sūtra.
mdung rtse gsum pa 'chang|An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mdung rtse gsum pa|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
mdung rtse gsum pa|Thirty-ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
mdung thogs ma|A Hindu goddess, unidentified. McCombs (p. 128) suggests that the Sanskrit name for this goddess might be Śūlinī (one of the names for Durgā) or Śaktidhārī.
mdung thung 'dzin|One of the eight great yakṣīs.
mdung thung|Thirty-eighth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
mdung|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
mdza' yi gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇicandra.
mdzad mtha' gzigs|The 981st buddha in the first list, 980th in the second list, and 971st in the third list.
mdzad par snang ba|The name of an eon (kalpa).
mdzad pa|A mere ritual performance (in contradistinction to karman, which is the same performance aiming at a particular outcome). The term is also used to denote a class of tantras, the Kriyā tantras.
mdzangs mchog|A buddha.
mdzangs pas bltas|Birthplace of the buddha Matimat.
mdzangs pa|A hearer.
mdzangs pa|A buddha realm.
mdze can chung ngu|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
mdzes 'byor|A river in the town of Great Sands in the future.
mdzes 'gro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimatijaha.
mdzes byed|The name of the palaces in the divine realm of the Four Great Kings.
mdzes byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Velāmaprabha.
mdzes bzang|A disciple of the Buddha.
mdzes can|Son of the buddha Aśoka.
mdzes can|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhamati.
mdzes chen|A buddha.
mdzes dang ldan pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ketuprabha (545 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mdzes dga' bo|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mdzes dga' ma|Mother of the buddha Laḍitanetra.
mdzes dga' mo|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mdzes dga'|A nāga king.
mdzes dga'|A bhikṣu of the Buddha’s, present at the sūtra’s teaching.
mdzes dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.
mdzes dga'|A half brother of Siddhārtha Gautama who asked Yaśodhara to marry him after Siddhārtha’s retirement.
mdzes grub|Attendant of the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa.
mdzes gshegs|The 809th buddha in the first list, 808th in the second list, and 797th in the third list.
mdzes ldan 'gro|Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇin.
mdzes ldan|Son of the buddha Suvrata.
mdzes ldan|Attendant of the buddha Guṇārci.
mdzes ldan|Father of the buddha Laḍitanetra.
mdzes ldan|A woman in Sunrise, sister of Sunny. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-1922 .
mdzes ldan|A royal palace ruled by King Śobha during the time of Buddha Kanakamuni or, alternately, during the time of Buddha Krakucchanda.
mdzes ldan|The name of the king of Śobhāvatī during the time of Buddha Krakucchanda or, alternately in the Pāli tradition, Buddha Kanakamuni (Edgerton 533.1). The Hundred Deeds contains stories about King Śobha that reflect both of these traditions.
mdzes ma mun pa|A yakṣiṇī invoked in magical rites.
mdzes ma|A female mendicant who falsely accuses the Buddha.
mdzes ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mdzes ma|This refers to the beautiful wandering female mendicant Sundarī, who in one of the stories of the life of the Buddha is enlisted by some heretics, jealous of the Buddha’s fame, to tempt the Buddha to have sex with her and thus destroy his reputation as a virtuous sage. She pretends to do so, and the heretics, believing her story, then hire some drunkards to murder her and bury her body under a pile of flowers near the Buddha’s monastery in order to make the public believe that the Buddha has ravished and killed her. As the rumour spreads, the citizenry is at first outraged but are then led to reconsider the story told by the Buddha’s monks, who pass on their master’s advice to avoid unsubstantiated hearsay and rumors. The truth eventually comes to light when King Prasenajit sends his secret service to investigate the matter, and the true perpetrators are brought to justice. This story is found in the Sundarīsutta, Udāna 4.8.
mdzes pa 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Laḍitanetra.
mdzes pa chen po'i dpal|A buddha.
mdzes pa'i 'gros|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mdzes pa'i blo gros|Name of a bodhisattva.
mdzes pa'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja (892 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mdzes pa'i dpal|A buddha.
mdzes pa'i rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
mdzes pa'i rgyan|A forest on Heap in the Stream.
mdzes par 'bab pa|A river at Radiant Streams.
mdzes par dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anihatavrata (349 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mdzes par gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sudhana.
mdzes par gshegs|The 308th buddha in the first list, 307th in the second list, and 302nd in the third list.
mdzes par mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Praśāntagati.
mdzes par sbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.
mdzes par spras|Birthplace of the buddha Parvatendra.
mdzes pa|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
mdzes pa|Father of the buddha Cāritratīrtha.
mdzes pa|Attendant of the buddha Śreṣṭharūpa.
mdzes pa|The 790th buddha in the first list, 789th in the second list, and 779th in the third list.
mdzes pa|(1) A city at the fourth asura level, Immovable. (2) A lake on Equal Peaks. (3) A pond on Lofty Mound ({rnam par mdzes pa}). (3) Refers to Dwelling in Beauty ({rnam mdzes}).
mdzes pa|The name of the king of Śobhāvatī during the time of Buddha Krakucchanda or, alternately in the Pāli tradition, Buddha Kanakamuni (Edgerton 533.1). The Hundred Deeds contains stories about King Śobha that reflect both of these traditions.
mdzes sbyin|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhapārśva.
mdzes sems|Birthplace of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
mdzes|A nāga king.
mdzes|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
mdze|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
mdzod 'dzin|Attendant of the buddha Durjaya.
mdzod bzang|Father of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.
mdzod chen 'chang ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Asaṅgakośa.
mdzod chen por gnas|This appears to be an epithet of Paṇḍaravāsinī, the consort of Amitābha.
mdzod dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vipulabuddhi.
mdzod gcig pa|A buddha.
mdzod kha|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its third week.
mdzod ldan sgra mi snyan|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mdzod mang po|The cakravartin king who was the father of Buddha Mahābhijñā jñānābhi bhū.
mdzod mchog|Mother of the buddha Dharmakośa.
mdzod mi zad pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mdzod mtha' yas|Father of the buddha Mahāpriya.
mdzod pu|The 983rd buddha in the first list, 982nd in the second list, and 973rd in the third list.
mdzod sgo|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
mdzod spu ldan|The 280th buddha in the first list, 279th in the second list, and 279th in the third list.
mdzod spu smin mtshams su 'khrungs|Thirty-first or thirty-second of the thirty-two major marks.
mdzod spu'i dpal gyi 'od kyi blo gros|A buddha in the distant past.
mdzod spu|One of the physical marks of a buddha that takes the form of a hair that is coiled up between the eyebrows.
mdzod spu|A single coiled and very long hair on the Buddha’s forehead. One of the thirty-two marks of a great person.
mdzod spu|A curled hair or ringlet between the eyebrows that is one of the thirty-two major signs of a “great being.”
mdzod spu|A single coil of white hair located between the eyebrows of a buddha, it is one of the thirty-two primary signs of a buddha.
mdzod spu|One of the thirty-two marks of a great being consisting of a hair between the eyebrows capable of emitting an intense bright light.
mdzod spu|One of the thirty-two signs of a great being, it is a coiled white hair between the eyebrows. Literally, the Sanskrit urṇa means “wool” hair, and kośa means “treasure.”
mdzod|Chief minister of King Brahmadatta (past).
me 'bar|A ṛṣi in the past.
me 'dzin|A great bodhisattva.
me 'od|One of the māras.
me 'od|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Luminous Golden Gem.
me 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas.
me 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Laḍitāgragāmin (717 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me ba ral pa can|The name by which the Jaṭila ascetic order is known in the Vinaya. Jaṭila were early converts of the Buddha. Many were said to have converted en masse after the Buddha delivered the “Fire Sermon” (Pali Ādittapariyāya Sutta) to Kāśyapa and his followers at Uruvilvā. See the Saṅghabhedavastu (Tib. {dge 'dun dbyen gyi gzhi}) for the Mūlasarvāstivādin account of their conversion.
me bzhi|The name of a nakṣatra.
me bzhi|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Delta Corvi in the occidental tradition.
me chen ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
me gso|A brahmin youth who was the Buddha in a former life and later named Mahāgovinda.
me ka la 'byung ba|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
me la ko|A land in the south of Jambudvīpa.
me lce bcu gcig|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
me lce|A bodhisattva.
me lce|Son of Agnidatta (of Vārāṇasī), the magistrate of King Brahmadatta (past). He and his brother Son of Fire went forth and became sages, attaining the four meditations and the five superknowledges.
me lha|The fire god.
me lha|The Indian god of fire.
me lha|A yakṣa, a guardian of the southeast.
me lha|One of the sages (ṛṣi); also the name of the god of fire.
me lha|One of the eight guardians of the directions, Agni guards the southeast quarter.
me lha|The Vedic deity of fire. The name can also mean fire, particularly the sacrificial fire.
me long dkyil 'khor mdog|Color of the Mirror Disk is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Candrabuddhi.
me long dkyil 'khor snang ba|A world system.
me long gdong|A king who was the Buddha in a former life.
me long gi dkyil 'khor bsgrags pa'i 'jig rten|Realm of a tathāgata.
me long gi dkyil 'khor dbyangs|Ādarśamaṇḍala cakra nirghoṣā (Sound of the Mirror Disk) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Candrabuddhi.
me long gi dkyil 'khor ltar snang ba|The realm of the Buddha Candra buddhi.
me long gi dkyil 'khor snang ba sgrub pa|Lit. “that produces appearances [as if] on the surface of a mirror.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
me long gi khang pa|A mansion within one of the trees in Pair of Śāla Trees.
me long lta bu'i ye shes|One of the five wisdoms corresponding to the tathāgata Akṣobhya or Vairocana (depending on the system).
me long tshal|Forest upon Mount Playful in Sudharma.
me long|Sixty-fourth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
me mdag dud pa'i tshal|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
me mdag tsha ba|A mountain range surrounding the hell of Embers Within.
me phreng|Forest on the third asura level, Excellent Abode.
me phyogs ma|One of the great mātṛs.
me ro gan dha|A past buddha who lived countless eons ago.
me rtog can|Another name of Pāṭaliputra.
me rtse sprin|A buddha.
me ru|The central mountain of the universe.
me sbyin|(1) A brahmin. (2) A brahmin king.
me sbyin|A certain brahmin of the royal palace Śobhāvatī during the time of Buddha Krakucchanda.\nNot to be confused with Agnidatta of Vārāṇasī, nor with the Agnidatta (father of Śiṣyaka) prophesied to appear in the future, both of whose names are the slightly different Tib. {mes sbyin}.
me sgron|A buddha.
me sgron|Lit. “fire meteor.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
me sgron|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Source of Gold.
me sgron|A non-Buddhist seer, the main interlocutor in The Victory of the Ultimate Dharma.
me sgron|A non-Buddhist seer, the main interlocutor in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh246.html (Toh 246).
me shel|Literally, a “sunstone” or “sun-crystal.”\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-008.html#UT22084-072-008-18 .
me skyes|A disciple of the Buddha.
me skyong khyab 'jug|A previous incarnation of Buddha Śākyamuni in The Hundred Deeds, he was the son of King Diśāṃpati of Pāṁśula’s magistrate, the householder Govinda. After his father’s death, he took over his work and became known as Guardian of the Flame, Guardian of the Flame Govinda, Govinda the Teacher, Mahā govinda, or just Govinda.
me thab|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
me tog 'byor|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Caraṇaprasanna.
me tog 'byung ba mngon du 'byung ba'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
me tog 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
me tog 'byung gnas|Lit. “Flower Source.” Name of a future eon.
me tog 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candrānana.
me tog 'byung gnas|Name of a past eon, when the buddha Dīptavīrya resided in the buddha realm Astounding Sight.
me tog 'byung gnas|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Supreme Scent-Perfused Preacher attains buddhahood as Totally Fragrant.
me tog 'byung|A buddha.
me tog 'dzin|Name of a buddha.
me tog 'khor lo|“Wheel”; here, a flower.
me tog 'od 'phro rgya mtsho sgron|A buddha in the distant past.
me tog 'od gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
me tog 'od zer|The 53rd buddha in the first list, 53rd in the second list, and 54th in the third list.
me tog 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padma (98 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me tog 'od|Mother of the buddha Marutpūjita.
me tog 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Vikrāntagāmin.
me tog 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candrārka.
me tog 'od|The 799th buddha in the first list, 798th in the second list, and 788th in the third list.
me tog 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sundarapārśva (418 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me tog 'thor ba|Second of the five great kings.
me tog bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
me tog bkram pa|A world system.
me tog bkram pa|Lit. “on account of which flowers have been strewed.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
me tog bla ma'i ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
me tog bla ma|A future solitary buddha.
me tog bla ma|Son of the buddha Yaśaketu.
me tog bla ma|Birthplace of the buddha Muni.
me tog bla ma|Father of the buddha Sumanā puṣpa prabha.
me tog blo gros|A king.
me tog bral|A past king during the time of the Buddha Śikhin.
me tog brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
me tog brtsegs ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
me tog brtsegs|A buddha in the distant past.
me tog bsags|Mother of the buddha Jyeṣṭha.
me tog bsags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpita.
me tog byin|Father of the buddha Kusumadatta.
me tog byin|Attendant of the buddha Devaraśmi.
me tog byin|Mother of the buddha Kusumarāṣṭra.
me tog byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūrata.
me tog byin|The 244th buddha in the first list, 243rd in the second list, and 243rd in the third list.
me tog bzang po'i gzi byin ma|Mother of the buddha Vidvat.
me tog bzang po|One of the tathāgatas.
me tog bzang po|Son of the buddha Supuṣpa.
me tog bzang po|Father of the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha.
me tog bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhahastin.
me tog bzang po|Seventy-eighth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
me tog bzang|A great bodhisattva.
me tog bzang|Father of the buddha Mahāpraṇāda.
me tog bzang|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
me tog bzang|The 385th buddha in the first list, 384th in the second list, and 378th in the third list.
me tog can|A buddha realm.
me tog can|Mother of the buddha Laḍitavikrama.
me tog can|Birthplace of the buddha Sūryagarbha.
me tog can|Mother of the buddha Vibhrājacchattra.
me tog can|Mother of the buddha Sumanā puṣpa prabha.
me tog can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Immeasurable Melody.
me tog chen po'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
me tog chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃha (556 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me tog chen po|Lit. “Great Flower.” Name that three hundred monks will bear when they become buddhas, during the eon called Tārakopama, due to dressing the body of the Buddha and producing the thought of awakening while attending this teaching.
me tog cher bkod pa|A vighna/vināyaka.
me tog dag gis brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
me tog dag gis rnam par brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Padmaraśmi.
me tog dag la dga' ba'i rang bzhin|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
me tog dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
me tog dam pa|One of the tathāgatas.
me tog dam pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
me tog dang ldan pa|“Fully Manifested,” or “Filled with Blossoms,” a buddhafield which contains the world sphere Kusumāvatī.
me tog dang ldan pa|“Rich in Flowers,” one of the pure abodes presided over by the tathāgata Saṃkusumita Rajendra; in the MMK it is also the abode of Mañjuśrī.
me tog dbang po|One of the tathāgatas.
me tog dga'|Son of the buddha Vimatijaha.
me tog dga'|Mother of the buddha Yaśottara.
me tog dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmamuni.
me tog dpal gyi snying po chos thams cad la dbang sgyur ba|Name of a bodhisattva in the eastern buddhafield Endowed with the Vast Display of the Precious Merits of Endless Qualities.
me tog dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
me tog dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
me tog dpal|One of the maids of Queen Mālādhārā.
me tog dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
me tog dpal|A buddha who lives in a northwestern buddha realm called Resounding.
me tog dpal|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
me tog dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anantayaśas (398 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me tog dri chen|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
me tog dri ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
me tog dri ngad 'jam ltar gas pa|One of the cold hells.
me tog dri zhim pa 'byung ba|A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit.
me tog dri zhim|A buddha realm.
me tog gdugs kyi phreng ba|A buddha.
me tog gdugs|Birthplace of the buddha Kusumadeva.
me tog gi 'byung gnas|The buddha realm of the Buddha Arisen from Flowers.
me tog gi 'od kun nas 'phro ba gtsug phud rab tu 'phyang ba|A bodhisattva in a southwestern realm.
me tog gi 'od kyis rnam par rol pa mngon par mkhyen pa'i rgyal po|A buddha who lives in a buddha realm to the south of this world.
me tog gi bkod pa snang bar mdzad pa|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to the north of the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
me tog gi blo gros|Son of the buddha Devaruta.
me tog gi dpal|A buddha who lives in a northern buddha realm called Without Conflict.
me tog gi dris bsgos pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one One like a Jewel Wheel and Fire.
me tog gi gdugs me tog kun tu rgyas pa|A great bodhisattva.
me tog gi gdugs|Birthplace of the buddha Amitabuddhi.
me tog gi grong khyer la gnas ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
me tog gi khang pa|A part of the Forest of Joy.
me tog gi mdzod|A magical tree, the name of which means “treasure of flowers.”
me tog gi phreng ba 'phyang ba|A class of vidyādharas.
me tog gi phreng ba|Part of the Forest of Joy.
me tog gi rgyal mtshan|One of the tathāgatas.
me tog gi rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Anantatejas.
me tog gi rgyal mtshan|A world system in the southern direction.
me tog gi rna cha can|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
me tog gi tog|A bodhisattva.
me tog gi tog|Mother of the buddha Puṇya pradīpa rāja.
me tog gi tog|Attendant of the buddha Sumanā puṣpa prabha.
me tog gi tshogs|The name of an eon.
me tog gis rab tu khebs pa|A buddha realm.
me tog gsal|Son of the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha.
me tog gtor ba|Lit. “One Who Strewed Flowers.” Name that six thousand monks will bear when they become buddhas during the eon called Tārakopama, due to the aspiration to engage the perfection of wisdom they made while attending this teaching.
me tog gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja.
me tog gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Sumanā puṣpa prabha.
me tog ka shi can|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
me tog kha ma bye ba lta bu|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
me tog khang pa|A buddha.
me tog ku ba la ya'i khyim|A mansion in Engaging in Clarification.
me tog ku mu da|A river in Dwelling on Summits.
me tog kun da'i dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
me tog kun nas skyes pa'i dri mchog rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas.
me tog kun skyes|The tathāgata who orders, in the MMK, the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī to go and receive teachings from Lord Śākyamuni; one of the eight tathāgatas; a bodhisattva.
me tog kun tu bkram|A buddha realm.
me tog kun tu bltas|A great bodhisattva.
me tog kun tu rgyas pa|A buddha from another world.
me tog kun tu skyes pa'i rgyal po'i dbang po|The tathāgata who orders, in the MMK, the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī to go and receive teachings from Lord Śākyamuni; one of the eight tathāgatas; a bodhisattva.
me tog las byung ba|A former buddha who is presently the Buddha Amitābha.
me tog ldan ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
me tog ldan|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍhavīrya.
me tog ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Aparājita dhvaja.
me tog legs rgyas gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Maṇiprabha.
me tog legs rgyas|Son of the buddha Ratnatejas.
me tog lha|Son of the buddha Acyuta.
me tog lha|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃha.
me tog lnga pa|A park in Born in a Tank.
me tog ma li ka|Jasminum sambac according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
me tog man dA ra ba'i dri mo|One of the tathāgatas.
me tog man dA ra ba'i dri|Name of a bodhisattva.
me tog man dA ra ba'i dri|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anilavegagāmin.
me tog man dA ra ba'i gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Cāritraka.
me tog man dA ra ba'i tshal|A forest in Moving Mind.
me tog man dA ra ba|Erythrina indica, native to India and commonly known as the coral tree. The flowers have scarlet red petals.
me tog man dA ra ba|The flowers of the coral tree, Erythrina indica, one of the five trees of paradise, which has brilliant scarlet flowers.
me tog ma|Mother of the buddha Praśānta.
me tog ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs; also, a goddess of flowers invoked in a mantra.
me tog mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Supuṣpa.
me tog mchog ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Madhura svara rāja (388 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me tog mchog|A buddha in the distant past.
me tog mchog|Mother of the buddha Girikūṭaketu.
me tog mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Yaśottara.
me tog mig|Mother of the buddha Jaya.
me tog mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
me tog mtha' yas|The world system of the Buddha Agrapradīpa in The Dhāraṇī of Agrapradīpa.
me tog mya ngan 'tshang|Attendant of the buddha Anilavegagāmin.
me tog mya ngan 'tshang|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kusumaprabha.
me tog nyi ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prasanna (752 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me tog pad ma|A buddha realm.
me tog phreng ba|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twenty-ninth week.
me tog phreng dga'|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
me tog phreng|Mother of the buddha Durjaya.
me tog phreng|King on the third level of asuras, Excellent Abode.
me tog phung po|Son of the buddha Padma.
me tog phung po|Mother of the buddha Gandhahastin.
me tog phung po|Birthplace of the buddha Kusumaprabha.
me tog rab gtor|A buddha realm.
me tog rab gtor|A great bodhisattva.
me tog rab tu gtor ba'i tog|A buddha.
me tog rab tu rgyas pa'i snying po|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
me tog rdzogs|Birthplace of the buddha Vairocana.
me tog rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
me tog rgyal mtshan|The 185th buddha in the first list, 184th in the second list, and 184th in the third list.
me tog rgyal po|A buddha.
me tog rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
me tog rgyal po|Son of the buddha Padmaśrī.
me tog rgyal po|Father of the buddha Arthamati.
me tog rgyan|A specific kind of ancient Indian ornament, probably meaning “flower on the front” or “face with a flower.” It was made by metallurgists, presumably from gold. The Tibetan has a definition which involves a woman’s face. It is probably a central feature of a necklace, in which there is a face and a flower—possibly a face within a flower as is seen on ancient stūpa railings such as those in Bodhgaya.
me tog rgyas pa dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
me tog rgyas pa mtha' yas pa'i 'od zer|One of the future buddhas.
me tog rgyas pa sA la'i rgyal po|A buddha who lives in a buddha realm to the west of this world.
me tog rgyas pa'i dris|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Jyotīrasa attains buddhahood as the tathāgata Immaculate Fragrant Star of Bright Splendor.
me tog rgyas pa'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Padma.
me tog rgyas pas brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpita.
me tog rgyas pa|A buddha realm.
me tog rgyas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṃdhi.
me tog rgyas|Son of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
me tog rgyas|The 567th buddha in the first list, 567th in the second list, and 560th in the third list.
me tog rgyu ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
me tog ri bo|The 164th buddha in the first list, 163rd in the second list, and 163rd in the third list.
me tog rin chen|A great bodhisattva.
me tog rna can|A householder in this sūtra.
me tog sbyin|Son of the buddha Sucintita.
me tog sbyin|Father of the buddha Durjaya.
me tog sdug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha.
me tog sgron ma|Mother of the buddha Sukhita.
me tog sgron ma|Father of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.
me tog sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
me tog sgrub bkod du ma mngon 'phags rgyal po khyu mchog rnam par rol pa|A buddha in the eastern direction.
me tog shing rta|Mother of the buddha Puṣpita.
me tog sil ma|An apsaras present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
me tog sna tshogs 'byung|A buddha.
me tog sna tshogs gnas|A bodhisattva.
me tog sna tshogs pa|Lit. “Different Flowers.” Name of one of four gardens in the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
me tog sna tshogs|A buddha realm.
me tog sna tshogs|A past buddha to whom the Buddha Śākyamuni was devoted in his previous life as King Nimi.
me tog sna tshogs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prasanna (946 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me tog snying po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānaratna (895 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me tog so|Son of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
me tog so|A rākṣasī known only from this sūtra.
me tog spyan|The 197th buddha in the first list, 196th in the second list, and 196th in the third list.
me tog thams cad 'byung ba|Birthplace of the buddha Padmagarbha.
me tog thams cad kyi dri'i dbang phyug rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Moon-like.
me tog thob ba|Second of the five great kings.
me tog tog|The 434th buddha in the first list, 433rd in the second list, and 427th in the third list.
me tog tsam pa ka las byung ba|One of the kings of the nāgas.
me tog tsam pa ka'i shing|Michelia champaca according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
me tog tshems|A rākṣasa goddess.
me tog tshogs kyi dpal|A buddha.
me tog tshogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitalocana.
me tog zil gyis gnon pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Steady Pillar of Sandalwood.
me tog zla ba|“Moon”; here, a flower.
me tog zla ba|Attendant of the buddha Prabhaṃkara.
me tog zla ba|Son of the buddha Sumanā puṣpa prabha.
me tog|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
me tog|Unidentified; possibly the name of a palace.
me tog|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; an ascetic statesman.
me tog|The 700th buddha in the first list, 699th in the second list, and 689th in the third list.
me tog|The ancient capital of Magadha. The name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “Flower City.”
me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Madaprahīṇa (659 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
me yi dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
me yi sgron ma|The bodhisattva Demonstrator of Consequences when he becomes a buddha.
me'i 'od 'phro ri'i dpal gyi rnam par brgyan pa|A buddha in the distant past.
me'i bu|An Indian seer.
me'i bu|Son of Agnidatta (of Vārāṇasī), the magistrate of King Brahmadatta (past). He and his brother Tongue of Fire went forth and became sages, attaining the four meditations and the five superknowledges.
me'i dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
me'i gzi brjid kyi shugs can|An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
me'i khams mu med pa|Lit. “limitless fire element.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
me'i phye ma srin bu|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
me'i rdza ma|This might be a variation on the name for the third of the eight hot hells, the “crushing hell,” (Tib. {bsdus 'joms}, Skt. saṃghāta) as the name occurs in no other sūtra than the Kāraṇḍavyūha.
me'i rgyud|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
me'i sbyin sreg|Traditional ritual worship involving a sacrificial fire into which oblations are offered.
me'i spyi gtsug lta bu|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
med pa|In this sūtra, this term refers to the lack of a particular mode of existence. Insofar as all dharmas are empty, they lack inherent or independent existence. It is in this sense that such things as the eye are said to be nonexistent in this sūtra.
med|Also rendered here as “nonbeing.”
men ko|A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa.
mer mer po|The embryo in the first week of gestation.
mes byin|Son of the buddha Jyotiṣprabha.
mes byin|Father of the buddha Kanakamuni.
mes byin|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
mes byin|This name appears twice, referring to a king, who is a former incarnation of the Buddha, as well as an ascetic.
mes po|An epithet of Brahmā.
mes po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mes sbyin gyi bu|An Indian seer.
mes sbyin|A sage and bodhisattva.
mes sbyin|One of King Brahmadatta’s magistrates, from Vārāṇasī. Father of Son of Fire and Tongue of Fire.\nNot to be confused with Agnidatta (father of Śiṣyaka) prophesied to appear in the future, nor with Agnidatta of the royal palace Śobhāvatī.
mes sbyin|A certain brahmin who in the future will be from the country of Pāṭaliputra, a master of the Vedas, and father of Śiṣyaka.\nNot to be confused with Agnidatta (of Vārāṇasī), one of the magistrates of King Brahmadatta (past), nor with Agnidatta of the royal palace Śobhāvatī.
me|Another name for Agni, the god of fire.
me|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
me|One of the sages (ṛṣi); also the name of the god of fire.
me|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Clear Light.
me|Fifty-eighth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
me|The Brahmanical god of fire; also the deity who governs the southeastern direction.
mgar ba legs rtogs|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
mgo bdun pa|A virtuous nāga king.
mgo bdun|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgo bo dgu pa|One of the nāga kings.
mgo bo mthong ba|A pond on Equal Peaks.
mgo bregs ma|One of the great mātṛs.
mgo gsum pa|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
mgo gsum|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgo la 'khri shing thogs pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgo lnga|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgo mtha' yas pa|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
mgo nag|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
mgo reg dang ril ba spyi blugs can|A ṛṣi. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2489
mgo stong can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgo zed|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgon byin|Son of the buddha Śrīprabha.
mgon bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Śrīprabha.
mgon med pa la zas byin|A wealthy merchant (?) of Sāvatthi (Skt. Śrāvastī) who became an early follower of the Buddha and an important donor.
mgon med pa la zas sbyin pa|Anāthapiṇḍada was a wealthy merchant in the town of Śrāvastī, who became a patron of Buddha Śākyamuni. He bought the Jeta Park there to be the Buddha’s first monastery. He is better known in the West by the alternative Pāli form Anāthapiṇḍika.
mgon med sbyin|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mgon med tshim par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Mahātapas.
mgon med zas sbyin gyi kun dga' ra ba|Also known as Jetavana; an important early site for the Sangha provided by the wealthy patron Anāthapiṇḍada outside Śrāvastī.
mgon med zas sbyin gyi kun dga' ra ba|The park on the outskirts of Śrāvastī that was purchased by the great patron of the Buddha, Anāthapiṇḍada, for the saṅgha’s use during the rainy season.
mgon med zas sbyin gyi kun dga' ra ba|A park to the south of the city of Śrāvastī. It was gifted to the Buddha and the monastic community by the merchant Anāthapiṇḍada, who had it prepared with several facilities, including the Buddha’s “fragrant lodge” (gandhakuṭī).
mgon med zas sbyin gyi kun dga' ra ba|This was an important early site for the Buddha’s growing community. Anāthapiṇḍada, a wealthy patron of the Buddha, purchased the park, located outside Śrāvasti, at great cost, purportedly covering the ground with gold, and donated it to the saṅgha. It was there that the Buddha spent several rainy seasons and gave discourses that were later recorded as sūtras. It was also the site for one of the first Buddhist monasteries.
mgon med zas sbyin gyi kun dga' ra ba|Known also as Jetavana, this was an important early site for the Buddha’s growing community. Anāthapiṇḍada, a wealthy patron of the Buddha, purchased the park, located outside Śrāvasti, at great cost, purportedly covering the ground with gold, and donated it to the saṅgha. It was there that the Buddha spent several rainy seasons and gave discourses there that were later recorded as sūtras. It was also the site for one of the first Buddhist monasteries.
mgon med zas sbyin gyi kun dga' ra ba|A name of one of the first Buddhist monasteries, which is located outside of Śrāvastī. The monastery is also known as Prince Jeta’s Grove. Anāthapiṇḍada, a merchant and benefactor of the Buddha, bought the land from Prince Jeta and donated it to the saṅgha. It is said that both names are used to acknowledge their mutual efforts in building the monastery. It was there that the Buddha spent several rainy seasons and gave discourses that were later recorded as sūtras.
mgon med zas sbyin|A wealthy householder of Śrāvastī renowned for his generosity, he spent a small fortune to purchase the garden of Prince Jeta, built a monastery there, and offered both to the Buddha.
mgon med zas sbyin|A wealthy layman and famous benefactor of the Buddha who purchased the Jetavana and donated it to the Buddhist community. He is better known in the West by the alternative Pāli form Anāthapiṇḍika.
mgon med zas sbyin|Anāthapiṇḍada was a wealthy merchant in the town of Śrāvastī who became a patron of the Buddha Śākyamuni. He bought the Jeta Grove there and offered it to the Buddha and the monastic community as a residence during the summer rainy season.
mgon med zas sbyin|A wealthy merchant in the town of Śrāvastī, famous for his generosity to the poor, who became a patron of the Buddha Śākyamuni. He bought Jetavana from Prince Jeta and built there a monastery for the Buddha. He is also well known by the Pāli rendering of his name, Anāthapiṇḍika.
mgon med zas sbyin|Anāthapiṇḍada was a wealthy merchant in the town of Śrāvastī, famous for his generosity to the poor, who became a patron of the Buddha Śākyamuni. He bought the Jeta Grove from Prince Jeta, and built there a monastery for the Buddha. He is better known in the West by the alternative Pāli form Anāthapiṇḍika.
mgon med zas sbyin|A wealthy merchant in the town of Śrāvastī, famous for his generosity to the poor, who became a patron of the Buddha Śākyamuni. He bought Prince Jeta’s Grove (Skt. Jetavana), to be the Buddha’s first monastery, a place where the monks could stay during the monsoon. Although his Sanskrit name is Anāthapiṇḍada, he is better known in the West by the Pāli form of his name, Anāthapiṇḍika. Both mean “the one who gives food to the destitute.”
mgon par 'phags pa'i dpal|A buddha.
mgon po mthong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇottama.
mgon por gyur pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mgon po|The 582nd buddha in the first list, not listed in the second list, and 576th in the third list.
mgo|The name of a nakṣatra.
mgo|The name of one of the hearers in the world known as Torch.
mgo|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Lambda Orionis in the occidental tradition.
mgrin bcu|Name of a nāga king; also a name for Rāvaṇa, the primary adversary of Rāma in the Rāmāyaṇa.
mgrin bzang|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
mgrin bzang|Name of a yakṣa general; in the Rāmāyaṇa, Sugrīva is the monkey king who lends his army to Rāma to defeat Rāvaṇa.
mgrin dbyangs snyan pa|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgrin pa 'gag pa|A forest on Upward Ocean.
mgrin pa mtha' yas|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
mgrin pa sngon po|Literally “Blue Throat,” he is associated with the legend of the churning of the great ocean. In the Buddhist context he is Vajrapāṇi, and in the Hindu context, Śiva. In the AP the name may refer to one of the lokeśvara emanations of Avalokiteśvara.
mgrin pa|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
mgrin sngon|A nāga king.
mgrin sngon|A goddess associated with Avalokiteśvara.
mgrin sngon|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
mgrin sngon|Literally “Blue Throat,” he is associated with the legend of the churning of the great ocean. In the Buddhist context he is Vajrapāṇi, and in the Hindu context, Śiva. In the AP the name may refer to one of the lokeśvara emanations of Avalokiteśvara.
mgron du bos pa|Food served at a banquet to which one has been invited is an acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
mgu ba can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimala.
mgu bar bya ba|A period of penance imposed by the saṅgha if a monk incurs a saṅgha stigmata offense and fails to confess it that same day.
mgul legs pa|A mountain in South India.
mgul na nor bu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgul ngar|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgul phreng|A class of asuras ruled by Kaṇṭhamāla.
mgul phreng|King of the “necklaces” (a class of asuras).
mgul sngon|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
mgul sngon|Literally “Blue Throat,” he is associated with the legend of the churning of the great ocean. In the Buddhist context he is Vajrapāṇi, and in the Hindu context, Śiva. In the AP the name may refer to one of the lokeśvara emanations of Avalokiteśvara.
mgu|A period of penance imposed by the saṅgha if a monk incurs a saṅgha stigmata offense and fails to confess it that same day.
mgyogs 'gro|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mgyogs par 'gro ba|Name of an absorption.
mi 'am ci mo|A female kinnara.
mi 'am ci|A class of supernatural beings that are half-human, half-animal. Typically they have animal heads atop human bodies. The term literally means “Is that human?”
mi 'am ci|A class of nonhuman beings who are half human, half animal. Typically, their upper bodies are animal, and their lower bodies human. The term literally means “Is that human?”
mi 'am ci|A class of nonhuman beings that are half human, half animal. Typically, their upper bodies are animal and their lower bodies human. The Tibetan term literally means “human or what?”
mi 'am ci|A class of nonhuman beings that are half-human, half-animal, typically with animal heads atop human bodies. The term literally means “Is that human?” They are renowned for having musical voices.
mi 'am ci|A class of nonhuman beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name‍ means “Is that a human?”‍ Kinnaras are mythological beings found throughout Indic literature, and are portrayed as creatures that are half human, half animal, typically with animal heads atop human bodies. They are also regarded to be highly skilled celestial musicians.
mi 'am ci|A class of semidivine beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name‍—which means “Is that a man?”‍—suggests some confusion as to their divine status. Kinnaras are mythological beings found in both Buddhist and Hindu literature, where they are portrayed as creatures half human, half animal (horse or bird). They are also usually depicted as highly skilled celestial musicians.
mi 'bab|Lit. “Nondescending.” Name of four lotus ponds, each located in one of the four gardens of the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
mi 'byung ba|‟Prosperity,” one of the eight goddesses of offerings in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala. Note that the Tibetan translation does not accord with the Sanskrit Bhūti.
mi 'chi ba kun tu 'phags pa|The name of an eon.
mi 'chi ba|A goddess residing at Gayāśirṣā.
mi 'chi|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
mi 'dzums pa|The name of the buddha field that the bodhisatva Akṣayamati came from.
mi 'gul bar byas pa|The name of a world in the distant past in a story the Buddha tells.
mi 'gying|The 44th buddha in the first list, 44th in the second list, and 45th in the third list.
mi 'gyur|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
mi 'jigs bnyes pa|A buddha.
mi 'jigs brdzi ba med|Birthplace of the buddha Kṣemottamarāja.
mi 'jigs brnyes pa|A buddha.
mi 'jigs byin|Mother of the buddha Kāśyapa.
mi 'jigs ma|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
mi 'jigs pa byed pa|A world realm in the distant past.
mi 'jigs pa bzhi|Buddhas have no fear in proclaiming that they have achieved perfect buddhahood, exhausted defilements, teach the path of renunciation, and teach precisely what constitutes an obstacle to that path and realization.
mi 'jigs pa bzhi|The four types of fearlessness possessed by buddhas: They have full confidence that (1) they are fully awakened, (2) they have removed all defilements, (3) they have taught about the obstacles to liberation, and (4) they have shown the path to liberation.
mi 'jigs pa bzhi|The fourfold fearlessness or the four assurances proclaimed by the tathāgatas: fearlessness in declaring that one has awakened, that one has ceased all illusions, that one has taught the obstacles to awakening, and that one has shown the way to liberation.
mi 'jigs pa bzhi|The four kinds of assurance of a tathāgata are (1) assurance concerning complete awakening (abhisambodhivaiśāradya, {thams cad mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa} ); (2) assurance concerning the destruction of the impurities (āsravakṣayavaiśāradya, {zag pa zad pa mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}); (3) assurance concerning harmful things (antarāyikadharmavaiśāradya, {bar du gcod pa'i chos la mi 'jigs pa}); and (4) assurance concerning the path that leads to emancipation (nairyāṇikapratipadvaiśāradya, {thob par 'gyur bar nges par 'byung ba'i lam la mi 'jigs pa}). See Rahula 2001, p. 230, in which they are called “perfect self-confidence.”
mi 'jigs pa bzhi|Also called the four fearlessnesses or the four grounds of self-confidence of a buddha, these are fearlessness with respect to the assertion of (1) one’s complete and perfect extinguishment of all negativities for one’s own benefit ({rang don du spang bya thams cad spangs ces dam bcas pa la 'jigs pa}), (2) one’s complete and perfect accomplishment of knowledge for one’s own benefit ({rang don du yon tan thams cad dang ldan zhes dam bcas pa la mi 'jigs pa}), (3) revealing the paths of antidotes for the benefit of others ({gzhan don du gnyen po'i lam 'di dag go zhes dam bcas pa la mi 'jigs pa}), and (4) revealing the eliminations for the benefit of others ({gzhan don du 'di rnams spang bya yin zhes dam bcas pa la mi 'jigs pa}) (Rigzin 314).
mi 'jigs pa bzhi|The four assurances are proclaimed by the tathāgatas, and can be found listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-248 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2374 as: (1) “I claim to have attained genuinely perfect buddhahood;” (2) “I claim I am one whose contaminants have ceased;” (3) “I claim to have explained those things which cause obstacles;” (4) “I claim to have explained the path through which suffering will genuinely cease.” (See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-252 .)\nThese four are generally known by other names, i.e., the first is the “assurance in the knowledge of all things” (sarva dharmābhi sambodhi vaiśarādya, {chos thams cad mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for his own benefit; the second is the “assurance in the knowledge of the cessation of all contaminants” (sarvāśravakṣaya jñāna vaiśarādya, {zag pa zad pa thams cad mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for his own benefit; the third is the “assurance to declare that phenomena that obstruct the path will not engender any further negative outcomes” (an antarāyika dharmān anyathātva viniścita vyākaraṇa vaiśarādya, {bar du gcod pa'i chos rnams gzhan du mi 'gyur bar nges pa'i lung bstan pa la mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for others’ benefit; and the fourth is the “assurance that the path of renunciation through which all excellent attributes are to be obtained has been just so realized” (sarva sampad adhigamāya nairāṇika pratipat tathātva vaiśarādya, {bar du gcod pa'i chos rnams gzhan du mi 'gyur bar nges pa'i lung bstan pa la mi 'jigs pa}), which the Buddha achieves for others’ benefit.
mi 'jigs pa rnam pa bzhi|1. fearlessness in asserting one’s own perfect realization, 2. fearlessness in asserting one’s own perfect abandonment, 3. fearlessness in revealing the path to liberation, and 4. fearlessness in revealing hindrances on the path.
mi 'jigs pa rnam pa bzhi|The four types of fearlessness possessed by all buddhas: They have full confidence that (1) they are fully awakened; (2) they have removed all defilements; (3) they have taught about the obstacles to liberation; and (4) have shown the path to liberation.
mi 'jigs pa rnam pa bzhi|This refers to the four confidences or fearlessnesses of the Buddha: confidence in having attained realization, confidence in having attained elimination, confidence in teaching the Dharma, and confidence in teaching the path of aspiration to liberation.
mi 'jigs pa sbyin pa|An epithet for Avalokiteśvara.
mi 'jigs par gshegs pa|A buddha.
mi 'jigs pas spobs pa|The name of a light.
mi 'jigs pa|The fourfold fearlessness or the four assurances proclaimed by the thus-gone ones: fearlessness in declaring that one has awakened, that one has ceased all illusions, that one has taught the obstacles to awakening, and that one has shown the way to liberation.
mi 'jigs pa|Refers to the fourfold fearlessness or the four assurances proclaimed by the thus-gone ones: fearlessness in declaring that one has awakened, that one has ceased all illusions, that one has taught the obstacles to awakening, and that one has shown the way to liberation.
mi 'jigs pa|This refers to the four confidences or fearlessnesses (as translated into Tibetan) of a buddha: confidence in having attained realization, confidence in having exhausted defilements, confidence in teaching the Dharma, and confidence in teaching the path of aspiration to liberation.
mi 'jigs pa|The four kinds of assurance of a tathāgata (catur vaiśāraya, {mi 'jigs pa bzhi}) are: 1) assurance concerning complete awakening (abhi sambodhi vaiśāradya, {thams cad mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}); 2) assurance concerning the destruction of the impurities (āsravakṣaya vaiśāradya, {zag pa zad pa mkhyen pa la mi 'jigs pa}); 3) assurance concerning harmful things (antarāyika dharma vaiśāradya, {bar du gcod pa'i chos la mi 'jigs pa}); 4) assurance concerning the path that leads to emancipation (nairyāṇika pratipad vaiśāradya, {thob par 'gyur bar nges par 'byung ba'i lam la mi 'jigs pa}). (See Rahula 2001: 230, in which they are called “perfect self-confidence”).
mi 'jigs pa|The literal translation of Tibetan {mi 'jigs pa}(Skt. vaiśāradya) is “fearlessness.” Usually four kinds of confidence or fearlessness are enumerated when describing a buddha: a fully enlightened buddha is confident of having (1) attained complete, perfect enlightenment regarding all phenomena, (2) eliminated all contaminants, (3) correctly declared all obstacles to enlightenment, and (4) shown the path that actually leads to the liberation from obstacles and suffering. This sūtra, on the other hand, talks about confidence regarding the daily routines of monks and nuns and their deportment. They have confidence in their ability to faultlessly adhere to the monastic discipline in all situations because it provides a sense of protection.
mi 'jigs pa|The Buddha has four fearlessnesses, as do the bodhisattvas. The four fearlessnesses of the Buddha are: fearlessness regarding the realization of all things; fearlessness regarding knowledge of the exhaustion of all impurities; fearlessness of foresight through ascertainment of the persistence of obstructions; and fearlessness in the rightness of the path leading to the attainment of the supreme success. The fearlessnesses of the bodhisattva are: fearlessness in teaching the meaning he has understood from what he has learned and practiced; fearlessness resulting from the successful maintenance of purity in physical, verbal, and mental action—without relying on others’ kindness, being naturally flawless through his understanding of the absence of self; fearlessness resulting from freedom from obstruction in virtue, in teaching, and in delivering living beings, through the perfection of wisdom and liberative art and through not forgetting and constantly upholding the teachings; and fearlessness in the ambition to attain full mastery of omniscience—without any deterioration or deviation to other practices—and to accomplish all the aims of all living beings.
mi 'jigs sbyin ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
mi 'jigs sbyin|A great bodhisattva.
mi 'jigs sbyin|Birthplace of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
mi 'jigs sbyin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇigaṇa (351 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mi 'jigs thob|A great bodhisattva.
mi 'jigs|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
mi 'joms pa|A virtuous nāga king.
mi 'khrug pa|Name of a Buddha dwelling in an eastern region.
mi 'khrugs mdog|The 644th buddha in the first list, 643rd in the second list, and 635th in the third list.
mi 'khrugs pa|A tathāgata and important esoteric deity. Among the five families, he is head of the vajra family.
mi 'khrugs pa|The buddha in the eastern realm, Abhirati. Akṣobhya (Unshakable) was well known early in the Mahāyāna tradition.
mi 'khrugs pa|Buddha of the universe Abhirati, presiding over the eastern direction; also prominent in tantric works as one of the five dhyāni buddhas, or tathāgatas (see Lamotte, pp. 360-362, n. 9).
mi 'khrugs pa|The buddha in the eastern realm of Abhirati. A well-known buddha in early Mahāyāna who became the head of one of the five buddha families, the eastern vajra family, in the higher tantras.
mi 'khrugs pa|The buddha in the eastern realm, Abhirati. Akṣobhya, who in the higher tantras is the head of one the five buddha families, the vajra family in the east, was well known early in the Mahāyāna tradition.
mi 'khrugs pa|The buddha in the eastern realm of Abhirati. Akṣobhya, who in the higher tantras is the head of one the five buddha families, the vajra family in the east, was well known early in the Mahāyāna tradition.
mi 'khrugs|In Sanskrit, “Immovable,” the name of a tathāgata. In Surata’s next life, he returns to Abhirati, the realm of Akṣobhya.
mi 'ong ba|A person who has attained the third of the four stages of spiritual achievement and is considered to be free from future rebirth in the realm of desire.
mi 'pham skra'i la ba can|One of the six philosophical extremists who lived during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
mi 'phrogs pa|Lit. “that you cannot steal.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mi 'thun pa med pa'i sems|Father of the buddha Anilavegagāmin.
mi bdag|A character from literature (it is not clear which one).
mi brjed 'jig rten gyi khams|The name of the world system in which we live.
mi bsgul pa|One of the ten absorptions of the bodhisattvas.
mi bskyod pa|A buddha of the east.
mi bskyod pa|One of the five tathāgatas.
mi bskyod pa|One of the five buddhas; in the system followed in the CMT, he is at the center of the maṇḍala.
mi bsnyengs pa'i rdo rje seng ge mthu bo che|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
mi bsnyengs thob|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ojaṅgama (459 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mi bsnyengs|The 49th buddha in the first list, 49th in the second list, and 50th in the third list.
mi bzad ldan ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
mi bzad pa'i gzugs can|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi; one of the kings of the piśācas.
mi bzad pa|One of the kings of rākṣasas; one of the kings of piśācas; one of the grahas; a vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
mi bzang mig can|An evil brahmin.
mi che ba|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, first of the five so-called pure realms of the form realm.
mi che ba|The first of five realms associated with the fourth concentration into which only noble beings are born.
mi che ba|Thirteenth god realm of form, it is the first of the five heavens that make up the “pure abodes” in the form realm.
mi che ba|The lowest of the five Śuddhāvāsa paradises, the highest paradises in the form realm. It is said to be the most common rebirth for the “non-returners” of the Śrāvakayāna.
mi che ba|The lowest of the five classes of the devas that constitute the Pure Abodes. The literal meaning (“not great”) of Tib. {mi che ba}, Skt. avṛha, and Pāli aviha may be based on a folk-etymological explanation (i.e., Skt. a-bṛhat may be a faulty Sanskritization of Middle Indic aviha; see Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, vol. 2, s.v. avṛha).
mi che ba|Lit. “Slightest.” The thirteenth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, it is listed as the first of the five Pure Abodes, or Śuddhāvāsa. It is said to be the most common rebirth for the “non-returners” of the Śrāvaka Vehicle.
mi che|The fifth highest of the seventeen paradises in the form realm, and therefore the fifth of the five Śuddhāvāsika (pure abode) paradises.
mi ci|A class of nonhuman beings that are half human, half animal. Typically, their upper bodies are animal and their lower bodies human. The Tibetan term literally means “human or what?”
mi dbang blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānaśūra.
mi dbang|A buddha in the past.
mi de dang lhan cig skyes pa'i lha|The deity who is born alongside and accompanies a being and is responsible for recording their good and bad deeds to present before the Lord of Death Yama when that being dies.
mi dga' ba|A yakṣa.
mi dga' ba|An afflictive emotion.
mi dga' spong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
mi dge ba bcu'i lam|Killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.
mi dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|Physical, verbal, and mental activities that lead to unsalutary rebirths.
mi dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|Killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.
mi dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|Killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, speaking what is false, divisive speech, harsh speech, scattered speech, covetousness, wish to harm, and wrong view (three of the body, four of speech, and three of the mind).
mi dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|The three unwholesome actions of the body (killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct), the four of speech (lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and senseless speech), and the three of the mind (covetousness, ill will, and wrong views).
mi dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam|There are three physical unwholesome or nonvirtuous actions: killing, stealing, and illicit sex. There are four verbal nonvirtues: lying, backbiting, insulting, and babbling nonsense. And three mental nonvirtues: coveting, malice, and wrong view‍.
mi dge ba bcu'i las|Killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, gossip, covetousness, ill will, and wrong view.
mi dge ba bcu'i las|The ten nonvirtuous or unwholesome actions as they occur in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-039.html#UT22084-072-039-322 (note that only nine are listed): killing, stealing, leading an unchaste life (as an ordained person), lying, divisive speech, [abusive language], trivial talk, greed, hatred, and wrong view. (see also individual entries).
mi dge ba bcu|Killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.
mi dge ba bcu|These are the opposite of the ten virtues, and consist of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, harsh speech, backbiting, frivolous speech, covetousness, malice, and false views.
mi dge ba bcu|Ten unethical and harmful behaviors. They consist of actions of the body (killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct), speech (lying, slandering, harsh words, and gossip), and the mind (covetousness, harmful intent, and wrong view).
mi dge ba bcu|The ten negative actions to be avoided. Traditionally these are listed according to the threefold distinction of body, speech, and mind. The ten are (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying, (5) slanderous speech, (6) harsh speech, (7) meaningless speech, (8) covetousness, (9) ill will, and (10) wrong views.
mi dge ba'i bcu bo'i las|Killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, gossip, covetousness, ill will, and wrong view.
mi dge ba'i bcu'i lam|Killing, taking what is not given, practicing sexual misconduct, lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, idle talk, covetousness, malice, and false view.
mi dge ba'i chos bcu|The three unwholesome actions of the body (killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct); the four of speech (lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and senseless speech); and the three of the mind (covetousness, ill will, and wrong views).
mi dge ba'i chos|Non-virtuous phenomena, as presented in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-409 , include the following: the slaying of living creatures, theft, sexual misconduct, lying, slander, verbal abuse, irresponsible chatter, covetousness, malice, wrong views, anger, enmity, hypocrisy, annoyance, violence, jealousy, miserliness, and pride.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 ).
mi dge ba'i las kyi lam bcu|Killing, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, uttering divisive talk, speaking harsh words, gossiping, covetousness, ill will, and wrong views.
mi dge ba'i las kyi lam bcu|There are three physical unwholesome or nonvirtuous actions: killing, stealing, and illicit sex. There are four verbal nonvirtues: lying, backbiting, insulting, and babbling nonsense. And three mental nonvirtues: coveting, malice, and wrong view‍.
mi dge ba'i rtsa ba|Usually referring to the ten unwholesome actions, which are taking life, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying, sowing discord, harsh speech, worthless chatter, covetousness, wishing harm on others, and wrong views.
mi dge ba|The opposite of “virtuous.”
mi dge ba|There are ten nonvirtuous deeds, being the opposites of the ten virtuous deeds. The three physical misdeeds are killing, taking what is not given, and engaging in sexual misconduct. The four verbal misdeeds are lying, divisive talk, harsh speech, and gossiping. The three mental misdeeds are covetousness, ill will, and false views.
mi dkar ba skra'i la ba can|An Indian ascetic who propounded the extreme of annihilation (ucchedavāda).
mi dkar rings po'i spyan|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mi dma' ba|The 829th buddha in the first list, 828th in the second list, and 818th in the third list.
mi dman pa|Father of the buddha Siṃhahasta.
mi dmigs pa stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
mi dmigs pa stong pa nyid|One of the eighteen emptinesses.
mi dmigs pa stong pa nyid|Fifteenth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
mi dmigs pa'i blo gros|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mi dmigs pa'i spyan rnam par dmigs pa|A buddha in a northeastern realm. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-1025 .
mi dmigs pa'i tshul du|The expression “without apprehending anything” suggests that great bodhisattva beings should teach without perceiving anything as inherently existing. Lamotte, The Treatise on the Great Virtue of Wisdom, vol. IV, p. 1763, note 564, renders this term as “by a method of non-perceiving.”
mi dmigs pa|A bodhisattva.
mi dmigs pa|This refers to the ultimate nature of things, which cannot be comprehended, grasped, etc., by the ordinary, conditioned, subjective mind. Hence it is significant that the realization of this nature is not couched in terms of understanding, or conviction, but in terms of tolerance (kṣānti), as the grasping mind cannot grasp its ultimate inability to grasp; it can only cultivate its tolerance of that inability.
mi dmigs pa|This refers to the mental openness cultivated by the bodhisattva who has reached a certain awareness of the nature of reality, in that he does not seek to perceive or apprehend any object or grasp any substance in anything; rather, he removes any static pretension of his mind to have grasped at any truth, conviction, or view (see also “incomprehensibility”).\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-986 ).
mi dpogs 'od|The buddha of the western realm of Sukhāvatī, he is also known as Amitāyus. The Tibetan translation of Amitābha in this sūtra differs from the usual translations, either {'od dpag med} or {snang ba mtha' yas}. It is also the name in chapter 44 of a future buddha in this kalpa. In that instance the Tibetan is {mi dpogs 'od}.
mi gdung ba|One of the five pure abodes within the realm of form.
mi gdung ba|The second of the “pure abodes;” also the name of the gods living there.
mi gdung ba|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
mi gdung ba|The second of five realms associated with the fourth concentration into which only noble beings are born.
mi gdung ba|Fourteenth god realm of form, meaning “Without Hardship,” it is the second of the five “pure abodes” in the form realm.
mi gdung ba|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, second of the five Pure Abodes. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-278 .
mi gdung pa|Second of the pure abodes, meaning “painless.”
mi gdung|The fourth highest of the seventeen paradises in the form realm, and therefore the fourth of the five Śuddhāvāsika (pure abode) paradises.
mi gdung|Lit. “Those Who Do Not Cause Pain.” The fourteenth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, it is listed as the second of the five Pure Abodes, or Śuddhāvāsa.
mi gnas pa'i bkod pa thub pa med pa'i tshogs ston pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānin.
mi gnas pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arthamati.
mi gnas pa'i spyod pa|Name of a buddha.
mi gnas par 'dug pa|Literally, “to live where I do not,” where “I” refers to the Buddha.
mi gnas pa|A buddha.
mi gnas pa|The 231st buddha in the first list, 230th in the second list, and 230th in the third list.
mi gnas sems|Mother of the buddha Dhyānarata.
mi gnas sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
mi gnas thob|Son of the buddha Ratnaruta.
mi gnas ye shes|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mi gtsang ba'i 'dam|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
mi gtsang ba'i rdzas sum cu rtsa drug|Various parts and secretions of the body.
mi gtsang pa la gtsang bar 'dzin pa|First of the four misconceptions.
mi khom brgyad|Being born as a hell being, preta, animal, god, barbarian, human with wrong views, where there is no buddha, or as a human with impaired faculties.
mi khom brgyad|Being reborn in hell, or as a preta, an animal, or a long-lived deity (of the formless realms), or being a human in a time without a Buddha’s teaching, in a land without the teaching, with a defective mind, or without faith.
mi khom pa brgyad po|The eight unfavorable conditions that pose obstacles to the practice of Dharma and attaining the state of awakening.
mi khom pa brgyad|The eight unfavorable conditions for Buddhist practice comprise birth as a hell being, preta, animal, god, barbarian, or a human with wrong views, in a place where there is no buddha, or as a human with impaired faculties.
mi khom pa brgyad|Being reborn in hell, or as a preta, an animal, or a long-lived deity (of the formless realms), or being a human in a time without a Buddha’s teaching, in a land without the teaching, with a defective faculties, or without faith.
mi khom pa brgyad|Circumstances that do not provide the freedom to practice the Buddhist path, i.e., being born in the realms of (1) the hells, (2) pretas, (3) animals, and (4) long-lived gods; in the human realm (5) among barbarians, (6) among extremists, and (7) in places where the Buddhist teachings do not exist; and (8) without adequate faculties to understand the teachings where they do exist.
mi khom pa brgyad|A set of circumstances that do not provide the freedom to practice the Buddhist path: being born in the realms of (1) the hells, (2) pretas, (3) animals, and (4) long-lived gods; in the human realm among (5) barbarians or (6) people with wrong views and (7) in places where the Buddhist teachings do not exist; and (8) without adequate faculties to understand the teachings where they do exist.
mi khom pa brgyad|The eight unfavorable conditions for Buddhist practice, which are well known in the context of the preliminary practices ({sngon 'gro}), comprise birth among the denizens of the hells, as anguished spirits, animals, long-lived gods, frontier tribesmen beyond the pale of cilvization, those whose sense faculties are incomplete, and those who maintain wrong views. See Padmakara Translation Group (1994): 20–21.
mi khom pa|The eight conditions unfavorable for the practice of the Buddhist path: birth (1) in the hells, (2) among the pretas, (3) as an animal, (4) among the long-lived gods, and in the human realm (5) among barbarians, (6) among extremists, (7) in places where a buddha has not appeared or the Buddhist teachings do not exist, and (8) without adequate faculties to understand the teachings.
mi khom pa|The Sanskrit literally means “without leisure”; this refers to being born in a state in which one will not have the opportunity to meet with a buddha or their teachings. Eight situations are typically listed: (1) being born in a hell realm, (2) as an animal, (3) as a hungry ghost, (4) as a long-life god, (5) in a borderland or non-Buddhist country, (6) having wrong views, (7) as someone with impaired faculties who is unable to understand the teachings, or (8) in a time or place where no buddha has come.
mi khom pa|The Sanskrit has its origins in the vocabulary of dice gambling, but in Buddhism refers to rebirths, human or otherwise, in which one will be unable to practice the Dharma. The Tibetan (also found as {mi khoms pa}) is based on the opposite of {khom}, {khoms} meaning leisure, opportunity, freedom. There is a list of eight unfortunate rebirths: as hell beings, pretas, animals, or long-living deities; in lands without the Dharma; with defective faculties; holding wrong views; and in a world where a buddha has not appeared.
mi khom thams cad 'gyur byed|A great bodhisattva.
mi khrugs pa'i blo gros|A sage.
mi la zhon pa|Another name of Kubera.
mi lcog med pa|The preparatory stage for the first concentration.
mi ldog mo|One of the seven types of ḍākinīs.
mi lha|An Indian seer.
mi lta ba'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
mi ma yin pa|Literally “the non-humans,” i.e., demonic spirits.
mi ma yin pa|Usually used in the plural—spirits of the deceased.
mi ma yin pa|A class of semidivine beings, whose female counterpart is the kinnarī. They resemble humans to the degree that their very name—which means “Is that a man?”—suggests some confusion as to their divine status. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-4116 .
mi min|A class of nonhuman beings half horse and half human, sometimes half bird and half human.
mi mjed 'jig rten gyi khams|The human world of “patient endurance,” according to traditional Indian cosmology, comprising four continents. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1116 .
mi mjed 'jig rten|A name for the world as we know it, where Buddha Śakyamuni has appeared and taught.
mi mjed dbag tshangs|The well-gone Amoghavikramin when Brahmā, lord of the Sahā world.
mi mjed kyi 'jig rten gyi khams|The present world in which we live.
mi mjed kyi 'jig rten gyi khams|Name of the world system in which we live.
mi mjed kyi 'jig rten gyi khams|This present world-system or trichiliocosm. The term is variously interpreted as meaning the world of suffering, of endurance, of fearlessness (because the beings who inhabit it do not fear the three poisons), or of concomitance (of karmic cause and effect).
mi mjed kyi 'jig rten|Our universe, i.e., the trichiliocosm or sometimes simply the world system composed of the four continents. It is presided over by the god Brahmā. The term is interpreted as meaning a “world of suffering” or a “world of endurance.”
mi mjed kyi 'jig rten|This present world system or trichiliocosm. The term is variously interpreted as meaning the world of suffering, of endurance, of fearlessness (because the beings who inhabit it do not fear the three poisons), or of concomitance (of karmic cause and effect).
mi mjed kyi 'jig rten|This universe of ours, or the trichiliocosm (but sometimes referring to just this world system of four continents), presided over by Brahmā. The term is variously interpreted as meaning the world of suffering, of endurance, of fearlessness, or of concomitance (of karmic cause and effect).
mi mjed kyi bdag po tshang pa|“Brahmā, the lord of the Sahā universe,” one of the Brahmās.
mi mjed kyi bdag po tshangs pa|An epithet of Brahmā meaning “Lord of the Sahā World.”
mi mjed kyi bdag po tshangs pa|“Brahmā, the lord of the Sahā universe,” one of the Brahmās.
mi mjed kyi bdag po|A great bodhisattva.
mi mjed kyi bdag po|Epithet of Brahmā, head god of the Brahma heavens.
mi mjed kyi bdag po|Frequent epithet of Brahmā. See also “Sahā World.”
mi mjed pa|The buddha realm of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mi mjed pa|According to Abhidharma cosmology, the universe within which our world is located.
mi mjed|Indian Buddhist name for the thousand-million world universe of ordinary beings. It means “endurance,” as beings there have to endure suffering.
mi mjed|This present universe of ours, usually referring to the whole trichiliocosm but at times only to our own world with its four continents surrounding Mount Sumeru. Sahā means “endurance,” as beings here have to endure suffering.
mi mjed|This term usually refers to the trichiliocosm, the world system that is the universe of ordinary beings, but sometimes only to our own world with four continents around Mount Meru. It means “Endurance,” as beings there have to endure suffering.
mi mjed|Indian Buddhist name usually referring to the trichiliocosm, the world system that is the universe of ordinary beings, but sometimes only to our own world with four continents around Mount Meru. It means “endurance,” as beings there have to endure suffering.
mi mjed|This universe of ours, or the trichiliocosm (but sometimes referring to just this world system of four continents), presided over by Brahmā. The term is variously interpreted as meaning the world of suffering, of endurance, of fearlessness, or of concomitance (of karmic cause and effect).
mi mjed|Indian Buddhist name for either the four-continent world in which the Buddha Śākyamuni appeared, or a universe of a thousand million such worlds. The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra (Toh 111, Mahā karuṇā puṇḍarīka sūtra)https://read.84000.co/translation/toh111.html describes it as a world of ordinary beings in which the kleśas and so on are “powerful” (Sanskrit sahas), hence the name. The Tibetan translation {mi mjed} (literally “no suffering”) is usually defined as meaning “endurance,” because beings there are able to endure suffering.
mi mnyam pa dang mnyam pa|Name of the seventy-seventh meditative stability.
mi mnyam pa dang mnyam pa|Lit. “equal to the unequaled.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mi mnyam pa med pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arthamati.
mi mnyam pa thams cad ston pa|The name of a bodhisattva. “Unequaled Teacher of All.”
mi mo gya nom mchog|A land in South India.
mi mtho ba|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
mi mthong ba|A river on Eye Garland.
mi mthun pa'i phyogs med pa'i 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mi ngoms pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
mi pham brtul zhugs rgyal mtshan|The forty-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
mi pham dbang phyug|A bodhisattva in the assembly of the buddha Arisen from Flowers.
mi pham pa|A god.
mi pham pa|Father of the buddha Dhārmika.
mi pham pa|Lit. “unconquerable.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mi pham pa|The other name of Maitreya (or Maitraka), the bodhisattva who will be the fifth buddha of the Good Eon.
mi pham sgra'i la ba can|One of the six outsider teachers defeated by the Buddha at Śrāvastī.
mi pham skra'i la ba can|One of the six teachers at the time of the Buddha.
mi pham skra'i la ba can|One of the six tīrthika teachers contemporaneous with Śākyamuni.
mi pham stobs|Attendant of the buddha Acyuta.
mi pham|Name of a bodhisattva. Not to be confused with {mgon po mi pham}, Maitreya.
mi pho|Son of the buddha Lokapriya.
mi phyed blo mnga'|The 899th buddha in the first list, 898th in the second list, and 889th in the third list.
mi phyed ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
mi phyed par dga'|Father of the buddha Vajrasena.
mi phyed pa|(Indra)
mi phyed pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vajrasena.
mi rnams kyi 'byor pa rnam pa bzhi|Long life, beauty, health, and being loved.
mi rtag gzi brjid rgyal po|A world system.
mi rtag pa la rtag par 'dzin pa|Fourth of the four misconceptions.
mi rtag pa'i 'du shes|First of the six aspects of perception.
mi rtog mi dpyod pa'i ting nge 'dzin|Third of the three meditative stabilities.
mi rtog rnam par mi rtog dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
mi sbyin gyi bu|A goddess in the Vedas.
mi sbyin|A famous South Indian rishi who also appears in the Ramayana and is credited with writing the first judicial text.
mi sdug gdong ma|‟One with Contorted Face,” one of the eight demonesses who inhabit the eight great charnel grounds.
mi sdug gzugs|A class of demons.
mi sdug pa'i 'du shes|Fourth of the six aspects of perception.
mi sdug pa|Mother of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
mi sdug pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suceṣṭa.
mi sdug pa|A certain jealous king of Mithilā who lived before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.\nNot to be confused with Virūpa (the ugly one), the householders’ son.
mi sdug|Son of householders on Mount Śiśumāri who cast him out of their home because of his extreme ugliness. When later he felt joy toward an emanation of the Buddha, the Buddha made his ugliness disappear. Then, hearing the Dharma from the Buddha, he manifested the resultant state of a non-returner, went forth, and went on to manifest arhatship.\nNot to be confused with King Virūpa.
mi sgul ba|The name of a buddha.
mi sgul ba|The buddha in the eastern realm of Abhiratī. The translation of his name in this sūtra differs from the usual translations, which are either {mi 'khrugs pa}, {mi skyod pa}, or {mi bskyod pa}. In the higher tantras he is the head of one the five buddha families, the vajra family, in the east, and he was also well known early in the Mahāyāna sūtra tradition.
mi shes pa kun shes par byed pa'i dbang po|First of the three faculties.
mi shes pa ston pa|A buddha.
mi skrag gnas|Attendant of the buddha Abhaya.
mi skye ba rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
mi skye ba shes pa|Tenth of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
mi skye ba'i chos la bzod pa thob pa|The name of a meditative state associated with the path of seeing after which a bodhisattva’s progress on the path is irreversible.
mi skye ba'i chos la bzod pa|A bodhisattva’s realization that all phenomena are unproduced and empty. This attainment is variously said to occur on either the first or eighth bodhisattva level.
mi skye ba'i chos la bzod pa|The acceptance of or receptivity to the nonorigination of phenomena. This realization is attained by bodhisattvas on the eighth spiritual level on the Path of Seeing (darśana mārga).
mi skye ba'i chos la bzod pa|The forbearance to accept and understand the non-arising of phenomena, attained by a bodhisattva on the 8th level (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-062-018.html#UT22084-062-018-183 ).
mi skye ba'i chos la bzod pa|An attainment of effortless insight into emptiness and the lack of birth of phenomena. This attainment only occurs on the bodhisattva levels, variously said to occur on the first and eighth bodhisattva levels.
mi skye ba'i chos la bzod pa|Bodhisattvas’ realization that all phenomena are unoriginated and empty. It sustains them on the difficult path of benefitting all beings so that they do not succumb to the goal of personal liberation. Different sources link this realization to the first or eighth bodhisattva level (bhūmi).
mi skye ba'i chos la bzod pa|Here we are concerned with the “intuitive tolerance of the birthlessness (or incomprehensibility) of all things” (anutpattika dharma kṣānti or anupalabdhi dharma kṣānti). To translate kṣānti as “knowledge” or “conviction” defeats entirely the Skt. usage and its intended sense: In the face of birthlessness or incomprehensibility (i.e., the ultimate reality), ordinary knowledge and especially convictions are utterly lost; this is because the mind loses objectifiability of anything and has nothing to grasp, and its process of coming to terms may be described only as a conscious cancellation through absolute negations of any false sense of certainty about anything. Through this tolerance, the mind reaches a stage where it can bear its lack of bearings, as it were, can endure this kind of extreme openness, this lack of any conviction, etc. There are three degrees of this tolerance—verbal (ghoṣānugā), conforming (anulomikī), and complete. See Introduction, https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-19 , and Lamotte, Appendice, Note III.
mi skye ba|This refers to the ultimate nature of reality, to the fact that, ultimately, nothing has ever been produced or born nor will it ever be because birth and production can occur only on the relative, or superficial, level. Hence “birthlessness” is a synonym of “voidness,” “reality,” “absolute,” “ultimate,” “infinity,” etc.
mi skyes ba'i chos la bzod pa|The stage of acceptance that is associated with the realization of an eighth bhūmi bodhisattva.
mi skyob pa|Name of a bodhisattva.
mi slob pa'i chos bcu|The eight practices of the eight-fold path of the noble ones as well as liberation and wisdom.
mi snang byed|One of the grahas.
mi thi la'i tshal|A Buddhist temple in a previous time period.
mi thi la|A city in Videha.
mi thi la|A land in Godānīya.
mi thi la|A city ruled in former times by King Mahā deva.
mi thub ma|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
mi thub pa'i tshogs kyi mdzod|Attendant of the buddha Yaśas.
mi thub pa'i tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhasvara.
mi thub thub|Mother of the buddha Vajrasaṃhata.
mi tshangs par spyod pa|Here, the third of the ten nonvirtuous actions (see ten nonvirtuous actions).
mi tshangs par spyod pa|This term is the opposite of brahmacarya, “pure conduct” or “holy life,” which denotes the chaste life of those who have renounced the world. The term abrahmacarya therefore refers to sexual conduct, which is regarded as a root downfall for monastics on the śrāvaka path.
mi tshugs pa|Father of the buddha Anuddhata.
mi tshugs pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mi tshugs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇicaraṇa.
mi tshugs|An attribute of speech.
mi tshugs|The 252nd buddha in the first list, 251st in the second list, and 251st in the third list.
mi yi dbang phyug ma|Mother of the buddha Uccaratna.
mi yi dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṇigaṇa.
mi yi dbang po|Father of the buddha Satya.
mi yi grangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ananta pratibhāna ketu (923 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mi yi gzi byin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vairocana (178 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mi yi lha|Or Mānavendra, the first king of the Licchavi dynasty of Nepal.
mi yi pad ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ananta guṇa tejorāśi (943 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mi yi rgyal po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rājan.
mi yi seng ge|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amarapriya.
mi yi tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kanakaparvata.
mi yi zla ba|The 146th buddha in the first list, 146th in the second list, and 146th in the third list.
mi yi zla ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vimuktaketu (616 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mi yis mchod|Mother of the buddha Vairocana.
mi zad blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
mi zad mdzod|Birthplace of the buddha Amita.
mi zad pa dang ldan pa|The realm of the Buddha Jeweled Parasol.
mi zad pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Netra.
mi zad pa'i tog|Son of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
mi zad pa'i za ma tog|The name of a dhāraṇī.
mi zad pa'i za ma tog|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
mi zad pa|The 575th buddha in the first list, 575th in the second list, and 568th in the third list.
mi zad pa|As all the qualities described in this sūtra have no ultimate reality, they ultimately neither arise nor cease. It is in this sense that they are imperishable.
mi zad sras po|Father of the buddha Akṣaya.
mi' am ci|A class of semidivine beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name—which means “Is that a man?”—suggests some confusion as to their divine status.
mi'am ci mo|Female kinnara.
mi'am ci mo|A class of semidivine beings, whose male counterpart is the kinnara. They resemble humans to the degree that their very name—which means “Is that a man?”—suggests some confusion as to their divine status.
mi'am ci'i bu mo|A female kinnara.
mi'am ci'i dbyangs|Mother of the buddha Mayūra.
mi'am ci'i mo|A female kinnara.
mi'am ci|A class of nonhuman beings who are half human, half animal. Typically, their upper bodies are animal, and their lower bodies human. The term literally means “Is that human?” Kinnaras are celebrated for their celestial voices.
mi'am ci|Classified among the gods, these celestial beings are sometimes depicted as half-human, half-horse (similar to centaurs) or half-human, half-bird. Whatever the case, they are considered creatures of surpassing beauty. Also the name of a person, see “Kinnara.”
mi'am ci|A class of semidivine beings, whose female counterpart is the kinnarī. They resemble humans to the degree that their very name—which means “Is that a man?”—suggests some confusion as to their divine status. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-4116 .
mi'am ci|Child of wealthy householders in Śrāvastī, he was named for his resemblence to beautiful kinnara spirits. His arrogance about his good looks was dispelled upon meeting the Buddha, from whom he heard the Dharma before going forth and manifesting arhatship. See also the class of beings, “kinnara.”
mi'am ci|A class of nonhuman beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name‍—which means “human or what?”‍—suggests some confusion as to their divine status. Kinnaras are common to Buddhist and Hindu religious mythologies, where they are portrayed as creatures half human and half animal (horse or bird). They are also usually depicted as highly skilled celestial musicians.
mi'am ci|A class of semidivine beings that resemble humans to the degree that their very name—which means “Is that a man?”—suggests some confusion as to their divine status. Kinnaras are mythological beings found in both Buddhist and Hindu literature, where they are portrayed as creatures half human and half animal (horse or bird). They are also usually depicted as highly skilled celestial musicians.
mi'i 'byor pa rnam bzhi|Long life, beauty, health, and being loved.
mi'i dpa' mo|One of the seven yakṣiṇīs.
mi'i gnas bzhi|This seems to refer to the four continents around Mount Meru.
mi'i mchod rten|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vratasthita.
mi'i seng ge|The fourth incarnation of Viṣṇu.
mi'i sman|Name of Buddha Śākyamuni in a past life, when he was a prince practicing bodhisattva conduct.
mi'i zla ba'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vāsanottīrṇa gati.
mi'i zla ba|Father of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
mi'i zla ba|Attendant of the buddha Vimalakīrti.
mi'i zla ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śrī.
mi'u thung ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
mi'u thung|“Dwarf” is one of the ten avatars of Viṣṇu.
mi'u thung|Those with a particular physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
mig 'byed mi 'dzum|A unit of time measuring the time it takes to blink.
mig 'dzums kyi bu|The descendants of the ṛṣi Kaṇva.
mig 'jig rten las 'das pa|A land on the northern continent of Kuru.
mig 'phrul|Traditional Brahmanical term for the illusory structure of mundane reality.
mig brgyan|Son of the buddha Vikrīḍita.
mig brgyan|The 171st buddha in the first list, 170th in the second list, and 170th in the third list.
mig btsums pa'i phug|A cave on the mountain called Closed Eye.
mig btsums|A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa.
mig btud|A buddha.
mig byin|Mother of the buddha Ratnacandra.
mig bzang ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
mig bzang mo|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara.
mig bzang po|A head merchant’s son in Dhanyākara mentioned in chapter 3.
mig bzang po|A buddhafield in the southwestern direction of the Tathāgata Gazing at All Beings with Great Compassion.
mig bzangs|Son of the buddha Laḍitanetra.
mig bzangs|Mother of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
mig bzangs|Father of the buddha Subuddhinetra.
mig bzangs|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
mig bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Abhyudgataśrī.
mig bzangs|Name of a king, a previous incarnation of the Buddha.
mig bzang|A queen.
mig bzang|A bodhisattva.
mig bzang|Father of the buddha Cārulocana.
mig bzang|A king who appears in the Jātakas.
mig bzang|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mig chung|The son of wealthy householders in Śrāvastī, who in a former life had been their dog. He became an attendant of Venerable Śāriputra and manifested arhatship while still in his novitiate.
mig dag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Meruyaśas.
mig dmar|A nāga king.
mig dmar|The planet Mars.
mig dmar|Father of the buddha Amitabuddhi.
mig dpar ba|A class of asuras.
mig dri ma med pa|In chapter 1, {dri ma myed pa'i myig} is the name of a bodhisattva present with the Buddha Śākyamuni in Śrāvastī; in chapter 43, {mig dri ma med pa} is the name of the precious minister of a cakravartin.
mig gi dpal|A bodhimaṇḍa goddess in another world in the distant past.
mig gi khams|First of the eighteen sensory elements.
mig gi phreng ba|A mountain on Videha.
mig gi rnam par shes pa'i khams|One of the eighteen constituents.
mig gi rnam par shes pa'i khams|Third of the eighteen sensory elements.
mig gi skye mched|First of the twelve sense fields.
mig gis mthong dga'|Name of a bodhisattva.
mig gis mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Maṇicandra.
mig gsal|A nāga king.
mig la kun tu rgyu ba|An area in Kuru.
mig ldan|Attendant of the buddha Trailokyapūjya.
mig legs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Deva.
mig legs|Son of the buddha Subuddhinetra.
mig legs|Attendant of the buddha Cārulocana.
mig lnga|The flesh eye, divine eye, wisdom eye, dharma eye, and buddha eye.
mig lnga|These comprise (1) the eye of flesh, (2) the eye of divine clairvoyance, (3) the eye of wisdom, (4) the eye of the sacred doctrine, and (5) the eye of the buddhas. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-268 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1113 .
mig lta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śaśiketu.
mig mdzes|A mother-in-law of Śākyamuni, the mother of Gopā, one of Śākyamuni’s wives.
mig mi 'dzums kyi bu|The descendants of the ṛṣi Kaṇva.
mig mi 'dzums pa|The name of an absorption.
mig mi 'dzums pa|The realm of the Buddha Fine Eyes.
mig mi 'dzums|A bodhisattva.
mig mi 'thun pa|Son of the buddha Siṃhacandra.
mig mi bzang|One of the great kings of the four carinal directions, Virūpākṣa guards the western quarter of the heavens.
mig mi bzang|One of the Four Great Kings, or guardians of the world, he presides over the western quarter and rules over the nāgas that live there.
mig mi bzang|One of the “four great kings, guardians of the world,” he is held to dwell in the west, presiding over the nāga spirits that live there.
mig mi bzang|“Deformed Eyes,” nāga king and guardian of the western direction. Also common epithet of Śiva, where it indicates his odd number of eyes.
mig mi bzang|One of the four mahārājas. He is the guardian of the western direction and traditionally the lord of the nāgas, though in this sūtra that appears to be Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
mig mi bzang|One of the Four Great Kings ({rgyal po chen po bzhi}) ruling the four directions of the desire realm. Virūpākṣa rules the western direction and the nāgās ({klu}) that reside there. In The Question of Mañjuśrī his image is the fifty-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
mig mtshungs|Father of the buddha Netra.
mig nag pa|A nāga king.
mig nyams pa med pa|A monk; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
mig phye zhing 'gro ba btsums nas 'gro ba|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
mig po che|A bodhisattva.
mig po che|An attendant of the buddha Amitadhara.
mig po che|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
mig po che|A thus-gone one who was previously a monk and Dharma teacher named Crest of the Banner of the Qualities of Infinite Eloquence
mig rnam dag|A great bodhisattva.
mig rnam par dag pa|A night goddess in the distant past.
mig sbyangs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Subuddhinetra.
mig sbyin|Mother of the buddha Priya cakṣurvaktra.
mig sdug ma|Mother of the buddha Pratibhāna cakṣus.
mig sdug pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṇiviśuddha.
mig sdug|Son of the buddha Anunnata.
mig sdug|Father of the buddha Oṣadhi.
mig sdug|Mother of the buddha Cārulocana.
mig sdug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Svaracodaka.
mig sman|A kind of medicine applied around the eyes.
mig sman|The 868th buddha in the first list, 867th in the second list, and 857th in the third list.
mig snyoms tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sumedhas.
mig stong|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
mig tu sdug|Birthplace of the buddha Netra.
mig|A great bodhisattva.
ming can|A yakṣa leader.
ming chen|Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
ming chen|One of the first five disciples of the Buddha.
ming chen|A disciple of the tathāgata Lamp of the Nāga Family.
ming chen|A Śākyan cousin of the Buddha. See Malalasekera s.v. Mahānāma, son of Amitodana.
ming chen|One of the Five Excellent Companions, with whom Siddhārtha Gautama practiced asceticism near the Nairañjanā River and who later heard the Buddha first teach the Four Noble Truths at the Deer Park in Sarnath.
ming chen|One of the five companions of Śākyamuni in asceticism and later one of his first five pupils, attaining the state of a stream entrant after three days, the fourth to attain that realization. He attained the state of an arhat on hearing the Sūtra on the Characteristics of Selflessness. Not to be confused with the cousin of the Buddha, who had the same name, and was a significant lay follower and patron.
ming dang gzugs|The fourth link of dependent arising.
ming dang gzugs|The fourth of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
ming dang gzugs|A name for the embryonic phase of an individual’s existence where there is form but the rest of the skandhas or aggregates, which are mental, are undeveloped and have only a nominal presence.
ming dang gzugs|Fourth of the twelve links of dependent origination in Buddhism, it refers to the constituents of a living being: Sanskrit nāma (“name”) is typically considered to refer to the mental constituents of the person, while rūpa (“form”) refers to the physical. It is a shorthand term for the five skandhas.
ming dang gzugs|Literally “name and form” means the mental and physical consituents of a being. It is a synonym for the five skandhas, with the four aggregates of the mind being called “names.” In the context of the twelve phases of dependent origination the term is also used specifically to refer to the embryonic phase of an individual’s existence where the mental aggregates are undeveloped and have only a nominal presence, and therefore are called “names.”
ming dang nges pa'i sgra dang tshig dang 'bru|Lit. “of words, etymologies, sentences, and syllables.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ming du btags|Mahāvyutpatti 6558.
ming gzugs|Fourth of the twelve links of dependent origination.
ming me thab|The name of the country or the people where the Buddha descended to Earth.
ming med pa|A bodhisattva.
ming nas brjod de yon bsngo ba|An act of recitation of particular verses performed by a monastic when he or she receives offerings from others. This act is considered to transfer the merit produced by the donor to deities, causing those deities to protect and confer benefits on the person whose name is pronounced in the recitation.
ming nges par 'jug pa|Name of the sixty-sixth meditative stability.
ming nges par 'jug pa|Lit. “entry into certainty about words.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ming|Literally “name,” this refers to the four mental skandhas, by contrast to rūpa.
ming|The term nāma ordinarily means “name,” but in the context of “name-and-form” it refers more specifically to everything that makes up sentience, i.e., the mind and mental factors. In that context, the term is sometimes etymologized from the root nam in the sense of “bending,” either toward an object (perceiving an object), or toward a new birth.
mis byin gyi bu|A monk disciple of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mis byin gyi bu|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mis byin|A great bodhisattva.
mis byin|Name of a bodhisattva.
mis byin|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
mis byin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mis byin|The nephew of the great sage Asita, who accompanies him to Kapilavastu to see Siddhārtha shortly after his birth.
mis byin|Here the name of two different bodhisattvas, one also a householder. Perhaps he is the same figure listed in the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html (Lalitavistara, Toh 95), https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-046-001.html#UT22084-046-001-466ff., as the nephew of the sage Asita.
mi|One of the rāśis.
mi|One of the six rebirth states; see animal.
mjug rings|One among the nine heavenly bodies.
mjug rings|A comet or a falling star personified.
mjug ring|Comet personified.
mjug ring|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mkha' 'gro gdong|Another name for the channel carrying semen.
mkha' 'gro ma'i dra ba'i sdom pa|An elaborate name of the deity Saṃvara; its meaning varies according to different interpretations.
mkha' 'gro ma|A class of female spirits; also applies to a class of Buddhist deities.
mkha' 'gro ma|One of the four guardian goddesses who can be indicated to a fellow practitioner by her pledge sign.
mkha' 'gro ma|Unlike in tantric genres posterior to Kriyātantra where ḍākinīs can be part of the sambhogakāya pantheon, in Sūtra and Kriyātantra literatures a ḍākinī is a female spirit of a lower order.
mkha' 'gro ma|Like yoginīs, these are semi-divine female beings who have long haunted the margins of South Asian culture. They are frequently propitiated in order to acquire mundane and transcendent spiritual accomplishment.
mkha' 'gro ma|Covers a wide range of meanings—in general a female being, not necessarily benevolent, ranging from a powerful spirit to a retinue deity in a maṇḍala. Also the name of the royal goddess in the east, see “Ḍākinī.”
mkha' 'gro ma|In the higher tantras they are portrayed as keepers of tantric teachings or embodiments of enlightenment. Otherwise in Indian culture, however, they are possibly dangerous female spirits haunting crossroads and charnel grounds, and are in Kāli’s retinue.
mkha' 'gro|A class of powerful non-human female beings who play a variety of roles in Indic literature in general and Buddhist literature specifically. Essentially synonymous with yoginīs, ḍākinīs are liminal and often dangerous beings who can be propitiated to acquire both mundane and transcendent spiritual accomplishments. In the higher Buddhist tantras, ḍākinīs are often considered embodiments of awakening and feature prominently in tantric maṇḍalas. In this text, they are divided according to three types: sky dweller (Skt. khecarī), earth dweller (Skt. bhūcarī), and subterranean dweller (Skt. pātālacāriṇī).
mkha' dpag med|A tathāgata.
mkha' lding|A class of celestial beings.
mkha' lding|A class of nonhuman bird-like beings.
mkha' lding|A class of nonhuman beings described as eagle-type birds with a gigantic wingspan. They were traditionally enemies of the nāgas.
mkha' lding|Lower class of divine beings described as eagle-type birds with gigantic wingspans. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are said to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth.
mkha' lding|In Indian religious mythology, the garuḍa is an eagle-like sun bird with an enormous wingspan that is regarded as the king of all birds. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are said to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth.
mkha' ltar mig dri ma med pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mkha' spyod|A type of ḍākinī (literally, “sky traveller”).
mkha' spyod|The ḍākinī associated with the winds of the subtle body
mkha'i rna cha gdub 'khor rnam par dag pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
mkhan po|A personal preceptor and teacher. Also In Tibet, the translation {mkhan po} also came to mean a learned scholar, the equivalent of a paṇḍita.
mkhan po|The person from whom one receives vows. It is also the title of the head of a monastery and used here to refer to a royal magistrate. Also rendered here as “preceptor.”
mkhan po|A personal preceptor and teacher. In Tibet, it has also come to mean a learned scholar, the equivalent of a paṇḍita, but that is not the intended meaning in the Kāraṇḍavyūha.
mkhan po|A sponsor of young novices and monks; he or she must have at least ten years of standing in the saṅgha, confers ordination, teaches, and provides students with all the necessary requisites. See also teacher (Skt. ācārya).
mkhan po|An office decreed by the Buddha so that aspirants would not have to receive ordination from the Buddha in person. The Buddha identified two types: those who grant entry into the renunciate order and those who grant ordination.
mkhan po|In India, a person’s particular preceptor within the monastic tradition, guiding that person for the taking of full vows and the maintenance of conduct and practice. The Tibetan translation {mkhan po} has also come to mean “a learned scholar,” the equivalent of a paṇḍita, but that is not the intended meaning in Indic Buddhist literature.
mkhar bde ba can|A castle in the country of Virtue.
mkhar ko shed|An ancient settlement in the western part of Khotan.
mkhar phye ma|An ancient settlement in the eastern part of Khotan.
mkhar rnga|Listed among Indian instruments as an hourglass drum, played in the hand, and the ancestor of the present day huḍukka, somewhat larger than the ḍamaru. See Saṅgītaśiromaṇi: A Medieval Handbook of Indian Music, edited by Emmie Te Nijenhuis, p. 549. However, Dutt describes it as a drum made of bell metal, which matches the Tibetan translation as “bronze drum,” but he may have been influenced by the Tibetan translation of chapter 30. In an earlier chapter paṇava is simply transcribed into Tibetan. An example of a bell metal drum would be the ceṇṇala, a small flat gong of bell metal that is hit with a stick and used to keep time in South Indian music. Other instruments mentioned are of the South Indian tradition.
mkhar|A goddess; another name for Pārvatī, the wife of Śiva.
mkhas blo ma|Mother of the buddha Praśāntagati.
mkhas blo|The 210th buddha in the first list, 209th in the second list, and 209th in the third list.
mkhas blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padmaskandha (559 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mkhas brtson|Father of the buddha Candana.
mkhas brtson|Attendant of the buddha Udadhi.
mkhas dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitadhara.
mkhas grub rje|1385–1438, one of the main disciples of Tsongkhapa.
mkhas grub rje|Khedrup Jé Gelek Palsang ({mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang}, 1385–1438) one of the main disciples of Tsongkhapa.
mkhas grub rje|One of the principal pupils of Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug tradition. Also retrospectively know as the first Panchen Lama (b. 1385−d. 1438).
mkhas ldan|Son of the buddha Tejasprabha.
mkhas mchog pad spyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candrārka (252 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mkhas pa dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Suviniścitārtha (460 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mkhas pa gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
mkhas pa gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Chedana (531 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mkhas pa gzi brjid kyi sgra dbyangs kyi rgyal po|The thus-gone one residing in the buddhafield Abounding in Jewels.
mkhas pa lha rdzas rdzogs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Caitraka.
mkhas pa mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mokṣadhvaja (792 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mkhas pa shes rab ldan pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vibodhana.
mkhas pa ye shes ri bo|A buddha.
mkhas pa'i blo can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
mkhas pa'i blo gros can|Birthplace of the buddha Madaprahīṇa.
mkhas pa'i blo gros|Son of the buddha Padma.
mkhas pa'i gtso|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi (640 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mkhas pa'i nga ro|Mother of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
mkhas pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva.
mkhas pa'i snying po|Mother of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
mkhas par snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Supraṇaṣṭamoha.
mkhas pas bsngags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyatejas (518 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mkhas pas mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Pratibhāna rāṣṭra.
mkhas pa|Attendant of the buddha Matimat.
mkhas pa|A householder, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 17.
mkhas pa|An official title for a learned scholar in India.
mkhas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaśrī.
mkhas pa|The 679th buddha in the first list, 678th in the second list, and 670th in the third list.
mkhas|A great bodhisattva.
mkhos su 'bebs pa|As in to secure one’s goods to a pack animal.
mkhris nad|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
mkhris pa las gyur pa'i nad|Second of the four kinds of disease.
mkhris pa las gyur pa|A class of spirits causing excess bile.
mkhris pa'i kha dog|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
mkhris pa|One of the three vital substances in the body, along with wind and phlegm, which result in good health when balanced and illness or less than optimal health when imbalanced.
mkhyen gtso rgyal po|Name that the child Jñānaka will bear when he becomes a buddha in future.
mkhyen ldan zla med|The 722nd buddha in the first list, 721st in the second list, and 711th in the third list.
mkhyen ldan|The 92nd buddha in the first list, 92nd in the second list, and 93rd in the third list.
mkhyen pa yongs su dag pa|Seventeenth of the eighty minor marks.
mna' ma gnod sbyin mo|One of the seven yakṣiṇīs.
mnan na nem la bteg na 'phar ba|A forest on Tamer of Deer Enemies.
mnar ma mchis pa|The lowest and most severe of the eight great hells.
mnar med pa|The worst of the hells.
mnar med pa|One of the eight hot hells.
mnar med pa|The lowest hell, the eighth of the eight hot hells.
mnar med pa|Eighth (and heaviest) of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. Only their miserable cries distinguish beings in this hell from the flames that engulf them.
mnar med pa|The most severe among the eight hot hell realms. It is characterized as endless not only in terms of the torment undergone there, but also because of the ceaseless chain of actions and effects experienced, the long lifespan of its denizens, and their being so intensely crowded together that there is no physical space between them.
mnar med|The lowest hell; the eighth and most severe of the eight hot hells.
mnar med|The lowest of all hell realms (Skt. naraka). The worst possible place for rebirth.
mnar med|A hot hell, the lowest of all hell realms (Skt. naraka). The worst possible place for rebirth.
mnar med|Eighth (and lowest) of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. The beings reborn in this hell experience being ceaselessly consumed by flames.
mnar med|The lowest hell, translated in two different ways within the sūtra and in the Mahāvyutpatti concordance, although {mnar med} became the standard form.
mnar med|The lowest and worst of the major hot hells according to Buddhist cosmology; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-239 .
mnar sems kyi dngos po dgu|That one has been harmed by an enemy, that one’s loved ones have been harmed, or that one’s enemies have been helped, each in the past, present, or future respectively.
mnar sems kyi dngos po dgu|Thinking that one’s enemy has harmed, is harming, or will harm oneself; thinking that one’s enemy has harmed, is harming, or will harm one’s friend; and thinking that someone has helped, is helping, or will help one’s enemy.
mnga' bdag|A term denoting the leader of a people and/or a religious sect.
mngag gzhug ma|A class of female spirits.
mngag gzhug mchog|‟Best Servant,” one of the eight bhūta kings.
mngag gzhug pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mngal 'gyur mdzad pa|A buddha.
mngal 'gyur|A great bodhisattva.
mngal gyi gnas|Existence in which one is born from a womb. This is one of four types of birth listed in treatises such as the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html : (1) birth from a womb (mammals, human beings), (2) from an egg (birds, reptiles, fish, etc.), (3) from heat and moisture (maggots, etc.), (4) and spontaneous or miraculous birth (gods, pretas, hell beings, intermediate state beings, etc.).
mngal las skyes pa|One of the four modes of birth (caturyoni; {skyes gnas bzhi}).
mngal las skyes pa|One of the fourfold classification of ways in which beings are born.
mngal med|A buddha.
mngal skyes|First of the four modes of birth.
mngar can|Attendant of the buddha Roca.
mngar gsum|Cream, honey, and ghee.
mngon 'phags 'od mnga'|The fifteenth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past, and also the seventy-fourth buddha in the same kalpa.
mngon 'phags rgyal po|An eon in the future.
mngon 'phags stegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śuddhaprabha (799 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mngon 'phags|A great bodhisattva.
mngon dga'|A forest in Dwelling on Summits.
mngon du 'gro ba|Birthplace of the buddha Vikrāntadeva.
mngon du 'phag pa'i go cha|A buddha.
mngon du bgrod bya|A buddha realm.
mngon du gyur ba|The sixth ground of the bodhisattvas.
mngon du gyur pa|The sixth bodhisattva level.
mngon du gyur pa|The name of a bodhisattva stage.
mngon du gyur pa|Lit. “Directly Witnessed.” The sixth level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
mngon gyur|The sixth bodhisattva bhūmi.
mngon pa'i nga rgyal|A conceited, false sense of attainment. One of seven types of pride related to the spiritual path.
mngon pa'i nga rgyal|One of the seven types of pride. The pride of thinking one has distinct attainments associated with meditative absorption when one does not possess them.
mngon pa'i nga rgyal|The pride of showing off. It is one of seven types of pride, which include (1) pride (Tib. {nga rgyal;}Skt. māna), (2) excessive pride (Tib. {lhag pa'i nga rgyal;} Skt. adhimāna), (3) outrageous pride (Tib. {nga rgyal las kyang nga rgyal;} Skt. mānātimāna), (4) egoistic pride (Tib. {nga'o snyam pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. asmimāna), (5) blatant pride (Tib. {mngon pa'i nga rgyal;} Skt. abhimāna), (6) pride of feeling inferior (Tib. {cung zad snyam pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. ūnamāna), and (7) unfounded pride (Tib. {log pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. mithyāmāna).
mngon par 'byung dka'|A bodhisattva.
mngon par 'byung dka'|Name of a bodhisattva only mentioned in one other sūtra.
mngon par 'du bgyi ba|Here, to practice an enactment means to get tied up in, or to settle down on, what is not ultimately real as real.
mngon par 'du bya ba med pa|The term has a double connotation: (1) “without effort” and (2) “unproduced (or brought about) by causes and conditions.” See Edgerton 1953, p. 21.
mngon par 'du byed pa|Mental factors that perpetuate karmic activity.
mngon par 'du byed pa|Volitional construction or mental fabrication that leads to the accumulation of karma.
mngon par 'du byed pa|Here, to practice an enactment means to get tied up in, or to settle down on, what is not ultimately real as real.
mngon par 'du byed|The term is used in this text in the same way as saṃskāra (formative factors, q.v. second entry).
mngon par 'du mdzad pa|Here, to practice an enactment means to get tied up in, or to settle down on, what is not ultimately real as real.
mngon par 'phags 'od dpal|The fifty-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Abhyudgata prabha śirī .
mngon par 'phags pa'i 'gro ba|A buddha.
mngon par 'phags pa'i dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusuma (10) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mngon par 'phags pa'i gtsug tor|One of the eight uṣṇīṣa kings. Elsewhere his name is given as “Udgatoṣṇīṣa.”
mngon par 'phags pa'i lha|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candra.
mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
mngon par 'phags pa|A world system.
mngon par 'phags pa|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
mngon par 'phags|Father of the buddha Guṇākara.
mngon par 'phags|The 496th buddha in the first list, 495th in the second list, and 489th in the third list.
mngon par 'tsho bar byed pa|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mngon par bgrod pa|A buddha realm.
mngon par bsngags|To imbue something with power by reciting the mantra over it.
mngon par dang ba|A world system in the distant future.
mngon par dang ba|A world system in the southern direction.
mngon par dga' ba'i dpal|The sixty-seventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
mngon par dga' bas mgu ba skyed pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
mngon par dga' ba|Lit. “Intense Delight.” The realm of the buddha Akṣobhya.
mngon par dga' ba|The celestial realm of the Thus-Gone One Akṣobhya in the east.
mngon par dga' ba|The realm in which Mahā maudgalyāyana will become a buddha in the distant future.
mngon par dga' ba|Abhirati (Delightful) is the buddhafield to the east inhabited by the Buddha Akṣobhya.
mngon par dga' ba|The realm of the Buddha Akṣobhya, beyond countless buddha realms in the eastern direction.
mngon par dga' ba|Lit. “Intense Delight.” The universe, or buddhafield of the Tathāgata Akṣobhya, lying in the east beyond innumerable galaxies, whence Vimalakīrti came to reincarnate in our Sahā universe.
mngon par dga'|Attendant of the buddha Guṇagupta.
mngon par gnon cing rnam par gsal ba|Name of a meditative absorption.
mngon par gnon pa'i sgra sgrogs gzi brjid snying po|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
mngon par grags|Attendant of the buddha Vikrāntadeva.
mngon par ma dmigs pa|Lit. “not distinguished.” Name of a meditative stabilization
mngon par mdzes pa'i dpal|A dancer’s daughter in the distant past.
mngon par mi dmigs pa|Name of the ninety-first meditative stability.
mngon par mkhyen pa thams cad kyi 'od zer|Light of All Supernatural Abilities is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Vyūhā.
mngon par mtho ba|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
mngon par rdzogs par sangs rgyas|A person who has manifested the complete enlightenment of a buddha of the greater vehicle.
mngon par rjod pas rjod pa|Mahāvyutpatti 1290.
mngon par rtogs pa'i dbang po'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mngon par rtogs pa|A samaya is a coming together, in this case of an object known and something that knows it; the abhi means “toward” or else adds an intensity to the act.
mngon par sdud pa|A daughter of Māra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mngon par sgeg ma|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mngon par shes pa chung ngu dang 'bring dang chen pos rnam par rol pa|A buddha who lives in a northeastern buddha realm called Happy.
mngon par shes pa dang / stobs dang / mi 'jigs pa thob pa|Lit. “from which the clairvoyances, powers, and fearlessnesses are gained.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mngon par shes pa drug|Six modes of clairvoyant cognition.
mngon par shes pa drug|These comprise divine sight, divine hearing, knowledge of the minds of others, remembrance of past lives, the ability to perform miracles, and the ability to destroy all mental defilements.
mngon par shes pa drug|The same as the five superknowledges—divine sight, divine hearing, knowledge of the minds of others, remembrance of past lives, ability to perform miracles—plus the ability to destroy all mental defilements.
mngon par shes pa drug|The divine eye (Skt. divyacakṣus), divine ear (Skt. divyaśrotra), recollection of previous births (Skt. pūrva nivāsānu smṛti), knowledge of other minds (Skt. paracittajñāna), knowledge of the destruction of the defiled (Skt. āsrava kṣayajñāna), and [knowledge of] superpowers (Skt. ṛddhi).
mngon par shes pa drug|Divine sight, divine hearing, knowledge of the minds of others, remembrance of past lives, ability to perform miracles, and ability to destroy all mental defilements. The first five supernormal knowledges are considered mundane or worldly and can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis as well as Buddhist arhats and bodhisattvas. The sixth is considered to be supramundane and can be attained only by Buddhist yogis.
mngon par shes pa drug|The six modes of supernormal cognition or ability, namely, clairvoyance, clairaudience, knowledge of the minds of others, remembrance of past lives, the ability to perform miracles, and the knowledge of the destruction of all mental defilements. The first five are considered mundane or worldly and can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis as well as Buddhist arhats and bodhisattvas. The sixth is considered to be supramundane and can be attained only by Buddhist yogis.
mngon par shes pa lnga|Five extrasensory powers that come at higher levels of meditative cultivation: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, and knowing the minds of others.
mngon par shes pa lnga|The five supernatural abilities attained through realization and yogic accomplishment: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, and knowing the minds of others.
mngon par shes pa lnga|Five extraordinary abilities that result from meditative concentration: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing others’ minds, recollecting past lives, and the ability to perform miracles. See also “six superknowledges.”
mngon par shes pa lnga|Divine sight, divine hearing, knowledge of the minds of others, remembrance of past lives, and ability to perform miracles. See “six supernormal knowledges,” the same list with the addition of “ability to destroy all mental defilements,” which can only be attained by Buddhist practitioners.
mngon par shes pa lnga|These are (1) clairvoyance (divya cakṣurabhijñā, {lha'i mig gi mngon par shes pa}), (2) clairaudience (divya śrotrābhijñā, {lha'i rna ba'i mngon par shes pa}), (3) knowledge of others’ minds (paracittajñāna, {pha rol gyi sems shes pa'i mngon par shes pa}), (4) retrocognition (pūrvanivāsānu smṛtijñāna, {sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa'i mngon par shes pa}), and (5) knowledge of magical feats (ṛddhividhi jñāna, {rdzu 'phrul gyi bya ba shes pa'i mngon par shes pa}).
mngon par shes pa lnga|These are (1) knowledge of miracles (riddividhijñānam, {rdzu 'phrul gyi mngon par shes pa}), (2) knowledge of the divine eye (divyaṃcakṣuḥ, {lha'i mig gi mngon par shes pa}), (3) knowledge of the minds of others (paracittābhijñānam, {lha'i rna ba'i mngon par shes pa}), (4) knowledge of the divine ear (divyamśrotam, {lha'i rna ba'i mngon par shes pa}), and (5) knowledge recollecting past lives (pūrvanirvāsānusmṛitijñānam, {sngon gnas rjes dran gyi mngon par shes pa}). These five can be attained by non-Buddhist and Buddhist practitioners alike. A sixth can be attained only by Buddhist practitioners: (6) knowledge of the extinction of the contaminations (āsravakṣayābhijñā, {zag pa zad pa'i mngon par shes pa}) (Rigzin 95–6, except #6, Skt. via Negi).
mngon par shes pa mi nyams pa|Lit. “undying clairvoyant knowledge.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mngon par shes pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
mngon par shes pa rnam par rol pa|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
mngon par shes pa thams cad blo gros 'od zer rgyal po|Sarvābhijñāmati rāja (King with a Mind of All Supernatural Abilities) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Vyūhā.
mngon par shes pa thams cad las nges par skyes pa|An absorption.
mngon par shes pa yon tan rin po che|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Devasūrya.
mngon par shes pa'i blo gros thams cad kyi rgyal po|“The King of All Clairvoyant Knowledge.” A buddha seen by the assembly of bodhisattvas when they are inside bodhisattva Vajra garbha’s body. He does not appear anywhere else in the Kangyur .
mngon par shes pa'i dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
mngon par shes pa'i me tog kun tu rgyas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ṛṣideva.
mngon par shes pa'i me tog|Son of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
mngon par shes pa'i rgyal po byang chub 'phags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Devarāja.
mngon par shes pa'i tog|A bodhisattva.
mngon par shes pa'i ye shes chen pos zil gyis gnon pa|A buddha in the distant past. Also the name of a prince in the distant past.
mngon par shes pas rnam par brtse ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śodhita.
mngon par shes pa|The clairvoyances are listed as either five or six. The first five are the divine eye, divine ear, performance of miraculous power, recollection of past lives, and knowing others’ thoughts. A sixth, knowing that all outflows have been eliminated, is often added. The first five are attained through concentration (dhyāna) and are sometimes described as worldly, as they can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogins, while the sixth is supramundane and attained only by realization‍.
mngon par shes pa|Traditionally there are six modes of supernormal cognition or ability, namely, clairvoyance, clairaudience, knowledge of the minds of others, remembrance of past lives, the ability to perform miracles, and the knowledge of the destruction of all mental defilements. The first five are considered mundane or worldly and can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis as well as Buddhist arhats and bodhisattvas. The sixth is considered to be supramundane and can be attained only by Buddhist yogis.
mngon par shes pa|The higher cognitions are listed as either five or six. The first five are: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, knowing what is in the minds of others. A sixth, knowing that all defects have been eliminated, is often added. The first five are attained through concentration (dhyāna), and are sometimes described as worldly, as they can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis; while the sixth is supramundane and attained only by realization—by bodhisattvas, or according to some accounts only by buddhas.
mngon par shes pa|The superknowledges are listed as either five or six. The first five are divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, and knowing what is in the minds of others. A sixth, knowing that all defects have been eliminated, is often added. The first five are attained through concentration (Skt. dhyāna), and are sometimes described as worldly, as they can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis; while the sixth is supramundane and attained only by realization—by bodhisattvas, or according to some accounts, only by buddhas.
mngon par shes pa|Supernatural abilities attained through realization and yogic accomplishment. The superknowledges are listed as either five or six. The first five are divine sight, divine hearing, the ability to perform miracles, remembrance of past lives, and knowledge of the minds of others. A sixth, knowing that all mental defilements have been eliminated, is often added. The first five are attained through concentration (Skt. dhyāna) and are sometimes described as worldly, as they can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis. The sixth is supramundane and attained only by realization‍—by bodhisattvas or, according to some accounts, only by buddhas. See “five superknowledges” and “six superknowledges.”
mngon par shes pa|Special powers of which five, acquired through the meditative contemplations (dhyāna), are considered mundane (laukika) and can be attained to some extent by outsider yogis as well as Buddhist arhats and bodhisattvas; and a sixth—being acquired through a bodhisattva’s realization, or by buddhas alone according to some accounts—is supramundane (lokottara). The first five are: divine eye or vision (divyacakṣu), divine hearing (divyaśrotra), knowledge of others’ minds (paracittajñāna), knowledge of former (and future) lives (pūrva [para] nivāsānu smṛti jñāna), and knowledge of magical operations (ṛddhi vidhi jñāna). The sixth, supramundane one is knowledge of the exhaustion of defilements (āsravakṣaya jñāna).
mngon par shes thob|A short form of Sāgara vara dhara buddhi vikrīḍitābhijña, the name that Ānanda will have when he is a buddha.
mngon rtogs spyan|The 576th buddha in the first list, 576th in the second list, and 569th in the third list.
mngon rtogs|A buddha.
mngon shes 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa (669 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mngon shes byin|Father of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
mngon shes drug sgra|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amita (921 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mngon shes drug|Divine sight, divine hearing, knowledge of the minds of others, remembrance of past lives, ability to perform miracles, and the knowledge that all mental defilements have been destroyed.
mngon shes drug|The six modes of supernormal cognition or ability, namely, clairvoyance, clairaudience, knowledge of the minds of others, remembrance of past lives, the ability to perform miracles, and the knowledge of the destruction of all mental defilements. The first five are considered mundane or worldly and can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis as well as Buddhist arhats and bodhisattvas. The sixth is considered to be supramundane and can be attained only by Buddhist yogis.
mngon shes drug|The six superknowledges in Siṃha’s Question are discussed in verses 27–30 in the following order: (1) divine sight, a form of clairvoyance; (2) divine hearing, a form of clairaudience; (3) knowing the dying, transmigration, and rebirth of sentient beings; (4) knowing how to extinguish the defilements; (5) the recollection of former lives; and (6) knowing how to perform miraculous transformations. In Buddhist literature, the six are not always given in this order, and sometimes the superknowledges are listed as five, excluding knowing how to extinguish the defilements.
mngon shes drug|As mentioned in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-266 , they comprise (1) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of [miraculous] activities, (2) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of divine clairvoyance, (3) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of divine clairaudience, (4) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of other minds, (5) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of recollection of past lives, and (6) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of the cessation of contaminants.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-267 ).
mngon shes lnga|These are (1) clairvoyance (divya cakṣurabhijñā, {lha'i mig gi mngon par shes pa}), (2) clairaudience (divya śrotrābhijñā, {lha'i rna ba'i mngon par shes pa}), (3) knowledge of others’ minds (paracittajñāna, {pha rol gyi sems shes pa'i mngon par shes pa}), (4) retrocognition (pūrvanivāsānu smṛtijñāna, {sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa'i mngon par shes pa}), and (5) knowledge of magical feats (ṛddhividhi jñāna, {rdzu 'phrul gyi bya ba shes pa'i mngon par shes pa}).
mngon shes lnga|They comprise (1) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of [miraculous] activities, (2) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of divine clairvoyance, (3) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of divine clairaudience, (4) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of other minds, and (5) the extrasensory power realizing knowledge of recollection of past lives.\n(See also notes https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-127 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-267 ).
mngon shes tog|The 551st buddha in the first list, 551st in the second list, and 544th in the third list.
mngon shes ye shes zil gnon|A shorter form of the name of Buddha Mahābhijñā jñānābhi bhū.
mngon shes|Divine eye, divine ear, knowledge of others’ minds, recollection of past lives, and miracles.
mngon shes|Most of the time this term refers to any of the five, sometimes six, superknowledges—the “divine eye,” “divine ear,” knowing the thoughts of others, knowing former lives, and the ability to produce miracles.
mngon shes|Supernatural powers of perception gained through spiritual practice. Their number and type can vary, but they are traditionally given as a set of five: (1) miraculous abilities, (2) clairvoyance, (3) clairaudience, (4) knowledge of others’ minds, and (5) recollection of past lives.
mngon shes|A category of extrasensory perception gained through spiritual practice, in the Buddhist presentation consisting of five types: miraculous abilities, divine eye, divine ear, knowledge of others’ minds, and recollection of past lives. A sixth, knowing that all defilements have been eliminated, is often added.
mngon shes|Nāropa gives the following five supramundane knowledges: divine eye (Tib. {lha'i mig}), divine ear (Tib. {lha'i rna ba}), knowing the minds of others (Tib. {gzhan gyi sems shes pa}), recollecting the past lives of oneself and others (Tib. {rang dang gzhan gyi sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa}), and the miraculous power of being able to walk in the sky (Tib. {nam mkha' la 'gro ba'i rdzu 'phrul}).
mngon shes|The superknowledges are listed as either five or six. The first five are divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, and knowing what is in the minds of others. A sixth, knowing that all defects have been eliminated, is often added. The first five are attained through concentration (Skt. dhyāna), and are sometimes described as worldly, as they can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis; while the sixth is supramundane and attained only by realization—by bodhisattvas, or according to some accounts, only by buddhas.
mngon spyod|One of the four primary categories of ritual activities that includes rites for aggressively overcoming adversarial influences, both human and nonhuman.
mngon sum du byang chub snang ba|An absorption.
mngon sum pa|The sixth bodhisattva bhūmi.
mnyam dga'|An ancient Indian kingdom that lay to the south of the Ganges River in what today is the state of Bihar. Magadha was the largest of the sixteen “great states” (mahājanapada) that flourished between the sixth and third centuries ʙᴄᴇ in northern India. During the life of the Buddha Śākyamuni, it was ruled by King Bimbisāra and was home to many of the most important Buddhist sites, including Bodh Gayā, Nālandā, and Rājagṛha. Its capital was initially Rājagṛha but was later moved to Pāṭaliputra (modern-day Patna) sometime after the reign of Bimbisāra’s usurper son, Ajātaśatru.
mnyam gnas|One of the five vital airs, centered in the navel area.
mnyam gzhag bdag nyid|The 660th buddha in the first list, 659th in the second list, and 651st in the third list.
mnyam lta|Name of a bodhisattva.
mnyam med ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
mnyam nyid gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṅgha.
mnyam nyid mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Suvaktra.
mnyam pa dam pa'i dpal dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sublime Elephant of Jewels.
mnyam pa dang mi mnyam pa lta ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyarāśi.
mnyam pa dang mi mnyam pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vardhana.
mnyam pa nyid kyi don 'byung ba|An earth goddess in the distant past.
mnyam pa nyid kyi ye shes|One of the five wisdoms corresponding to the tathāgata Ratnasambhava.
mnyam pa nyid la gnas pa|A bodhisattva present during the delivery of the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities.
mnyam pa nyid rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
mnyam pa nyid|The equality of all phenomena in their nature of emptiness.
mnyam pa nyid|(The state of) “equality,” “equal nature,” “equanimity,” or “equalness.”
mnyam pa nyid|The fact that while all phenomena appear differently, they nonetheless share an identical nature.
mnyam pa'i phyag|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mnyam par bzhag pa'i bdag nyid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāraśmi (475 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mnyam par bzhag pa|Also rendered here as “collected state.”
mnyam par bzhag pa|Also rendered here as “meditative equipoise.”
mnyam par bzhag pa|Engaged single-pointedly in the meditative state.
mnyam par bzhag pa|A state of mental equipoise derived from deep concentration.
mnyam par bzhag pa|Literally meaning correct (samyak) acquisition (āpatti) of truth or reality, this is a term used in early Buddhism to refer to the succession of meditative states leading to the attainment of nirvāṇa.
mnyam par bzhag pa|A state of deep concentration in which the mind is absorbed in its object to such degree that conceptual thought is suspended. It is sometimes interpreted as settling (āhita) the mind in equanimity (sama).
mnyam par bzhag|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita locana.
mnyam par gnas pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vegadhārin (583 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mnyam par gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānapriya.
mnyam par gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūrata (250 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mnyam par gzhag pa'i gnas la gnas pa|Lit. “stationed in the absorption stage.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mnyam par gzhag pa|A kalpa in the distant past.
mnyam par gzhag pa|A state of mental equipoise derived from deep concentration.
mnyam par lta|A bodhisattva.
mnyam par sems|Mother of the buddha Amarapriya.
mnyam par sems|Attendant of the buddha Amitatejas.
mnyam par sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṇidharman.
mnyam pa|A buddha realm.
mnyam pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mnyam sems|A prince.
mnyam sems|Mother of the buddha Merukūṭa.
mnyam sems|Attendant of the buddha Nirjvara.
mnyam zhing 'jam pa'i ngos|An emanated city on the back of Airāvaṇa.
mnyan du yod pa|The capital of Kośala, a kingdom in what is now Uttar Pradesh, where Buddha Śākyamuni spent most of his life. There are differing explanations for the name, including that it was founded by King Śrāvasta or that it was named after a rishi, Sāvattha, who lived there.
mnyan du yod pa|The capital town of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kośala. It has been identified with the present-day Sāhet Māhet in Uttar Pradesh on the banks of the river Rapti (cf. DPPN, s.v. Sāvatthi. The majority of the suttas in the Pāli Canon mention Sāvatthi as the place where the Buddha gave sermons.)
mnyan du yod pa|The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kośala, where the Buddha spent many summers and gave numerous teachings. The city was ruled by King Prasenajit, who makes frequent appearances in the sūtras. It is also the site of Prince Jeta’s Grove, which was gifted to the Buddha by his patron Anāthapiṇḍada.
mnyan du yod pa|Śrāvastī (Pali: Sāvatthi) was the capital of the kingdom of Kosala in the Ganges plains to the west of Magadha and was incorporated into Magadha in the fourth century bce. The area is now the Awadh or Oudh region of Uttar Pradesh. The Buddha Śākyamuni spent twenty-four monsoon retreats there at Jetavana. Also translated as {mnyan yod}.
mnyan du yod pa|The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kosala during the sixth–fifth centuries bce ruled by one of the Buddha’s royal patrons, King Prasenajit. It was the setting for many sūtras as the Buddha spent many rains retreats outside the city, in Jetavana. It has been identified with the present-day Sahet Mahet in Uttar Pradesh on the banks of the river Rapti.
mnyan du yod pa|The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kośala during the sixth–fifth centuries bce ruled by one of the Buddha’s royal patrons, King Prasenajit. It was the setting for many sūtras as the Buddha spent many rains retreats outside the city, in the Jeta Grove. It has been identified with the present-day Sahet Mahet in Uttar Pradesh on the banks of the river Rapti.
mnyan yod kyi yul|The capital of the ancient Kosala kingdom in India.
mnyan yod|The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kośala, and the setting for many sūtras, as the Buddha spent most rainy seasons in a park outside the city called the Jeta Grove. The city has been identified with the present-day Sāhet Māhet in Uttar Pradesh on the banks of the river Rapti.
mnyan yod|The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kośala during the sixth and fifth centuries ʙᴄᴇ. The Buddha spent a number of rains retreats outside the city in the Jeta Grove, which therefore became the setting for many sūtras. It has been identified with present-day Sahet Mahet in Uttar Pradesh.
mnyan yod|The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kośala, where the Buddha spent many summers and gave numerous teachings. The city was ruled by King Prasenajit, who makes frequent appearances in the sūtras. It is also the site of the Jeta Grove, which was gifted to the Buddha by his patron Anāthapiṇḍada.
mnyan yod|The capital city of the kingdom of Kośala which was ruled over by King Prasenajit, one of the Buddha’s devoted patron kings. It is located on the banks of the Rāpti river in northern India, not far west from Kapilavastu and Lumbinī. The Buddha spent many rainy-season retreats there, especially in the later years of his life.
mnyan yod|The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kośala during the sixth–fifth centuries bce, which was ruled by one of the Buddha’s royal patrons, King Prasenajit. It was the setting for many sūtras, as the Buddha spent many rains retreats outside the city in the Jeta Grove. It has been identified with present-day Sahet Mahet in Uttar Pradesh on the banks of the river Rapti.
mnyan yod|A city of ancient India, in what is now Uttar Pradesh. The name Śrāvastī is explained as being derived from the name of a sage, Śravasta, who used to live in that area (this explanation is found in the commentary Nibandhana, Samtani 1971, p. 77, and is also found in the ṭīkā on Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings found in the Tengyur, where, however, the name of the sage is transliterated as Śravasti). Pāli sources offer three explanations for the term: one is the one just mentioned, that Sāvatthī is derived from Savattha, just like other city names (Kākandī, Mākandī, Kosambī); alternatively, it is so called because “everything is there” in terms of possible objects of enjoyment for humans; and lastly the name refers to the reply, “there is everything,” that the Buddha offered when asked about what kind of shops were there (sāvatthīti savatthassa isino nivāsaṭṭhānabhūtā nagarī yathā kākandī mākandī kosambīti evaṃ tāva akkharacintakā aṭṭhakathācariyā pana bhaṇanti yaṃkiñci manussānaṃ upabhogaparibhogaṃ sabbamettha atthīti sāvatthī satthasamāyoge ca kiṃ bhaṇḍam atthīti pucchite sabbamatthīti vacanam upādāya sāvatthī Aṭṭhakathā on the Sabbāsava sutta of the Majjhima nikāya, Mūlapaṇṇāsa). The Tibetan translation as {mnyan yod} seems to derive the first part of the name from the root śru (“to hear”) and the second part as “there is” (asti); this derivation seems to be implied in one of the explanations of the Artha viniścaya ṭīkā.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4365.html
mo ha ni|A goddess invoked to cause delusion.
mo ki la|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
mo'u 'gal gyi bu|A close disciple of the Buddha, famous for his mastery of supranormal powers.
mo'u dgal gyi bu|One of the two principal pupils of the Buddha, renowned for miraculous powers; he was assassinated during the Buddha’s lifetime.
mod gal gyi bu chen po|One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his miraculous abilities.
mod gal gyi bu chen po|Alternate name for Maudgalyāyana, one of the closest disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni, known for his miraculous abilities.
mon dar|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
mon gre|The name of a nakṣatra.
mon gre|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Lambda Aquarii in the occidental tradition.
mon gru|The name of a nakṣatra.
mon gru|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Beta Delphini in the occidental tradition.
mon lug|Cyperus rotundus.
mos byed|“The Dedicated One.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
mos ldan|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
mos pa rdzogs pa|A bodhisattva in the distant future.
mos pa spyod pa'i sa|Mahāvyutpatti 897.
mos pa spyod pa'i sa|An early stage in a bodhisattva’s career during which they have developed a degree of conviction that is not yet informed by direct experience. The level of devoted engagement is said to comprise the first two of the five paths, those of accumulation and preparation, which lead up to the path of seeing. This level is also presented as the second of seven spiritual levels in the Bodhisattvabhūmi,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4037.html which follows the initial level of the spiritual potential (gotrabhūmi).
mos pa'i blo gros mnga' ba'i gzi brjid|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mos pa'i blo gros|A monk.
mos pa'i blo gros|“Steadfast Mind.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
mos pa'i gzi brjid|A buddha in the distant past. The name as given in verse. In prose he is called Vipula dharmādhimukti saṃbhava tejas.
mos pa'i stobs dang ldan pa|A bodhisattva monk; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
mos pa'i yid|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
mos pa|One of the great śrāvakas present in Śrāvastī. Also called Vasunandi. In other sūtras translated as {dga' byed}.
mos pa|In a general sense, the mental inclination or focus toward a virtuous object. The term is also classified as a mental factor (caitta), being categorized variably according to different Buddhist schools but generally indicating the mental ability to focus on one object without straying to another. The term is also commonly translated as “determination,” “interest,” or “zeal.”
mos spyod pa'i sa|The level of devoted conduct is said to comprise the first two of the five paths, those of accumulation and preparation, which lead up to the path of seeing. This level is also presented as the second of seven spiritual levels in the Bodhisattva bhūmi,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4035.html which follows the initial level of the spiritual potential (gotrabhūmi).
mtha yas khyu mchog|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' 'khob kyi mi rnams|I.e., those living beyond the pale of civilization, out of reach of the sacred doctrine.
mtha' 'khob|I.e., those living beyond the pale of civilization, out of reach of the sacred Dharma.
mtha' dag gi tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' dang dbus med pa'i sangs rgyas kyi sa mnyam pa nyid bu thugs su chud pa|Mahāvyutpatti 369.
mtha' drag|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
mtha' drug|Here referring to the three types of summaries and three types of explanations.
mtha' gnyis|The extreme of permanence (of a self through many lives) and the extreme of cutting off (i.e., the cessation of consciousness after one life).
mtha' gnyis|The two views of (1) eternalism (śāśvatānta), the belief in a permanent, causeless creator and/or the belief in an independent, permanent, singular self; and (2) nihilism (ucchedānta), the belief that things ultimately do not exist and/or the denial of the law of cause and effect or of past and future lives.
mtha' la gnas pa|A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods.
mtha' las 'das pa stong pa nyid|Ninth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
mtha' las 'das pa stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
mtha' ldan|A river in the province of Mallā in the vicinity of Kuśinagarī.
mtha' ma|This term has three meanings: (1) a synonym for the ultimate nature, (2) the experience of the ultimate nature, and (3) the quiescent state of an arhat to be avoided by bodhisattvas.
mtha' med 'bab|A river in Delighting in Flower Garlands.
mtha' yang gang khang bu stong yod pa|A summit in Ornament of the Mind.
mtha' yas 'bras bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas 'dul ba|A buddha.
mtha' yas 'gros|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas 'khyil pa|An absorption.
mtha' yas 'od|Father of the buddha Jagadraśmi.
mtha' yas 'od|The buddha who resides in Sukhāvatī.
mtha' yas 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānasūrya.
mtha' yas 'od|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vidyutketu.
mtha' yas 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Merudhvaja (115 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtha' yas blo gros|A bodhisattva.
mtha' yas blo gros|A prince in the distant past.
mtha' yas blo|Attendant of the buddha Anantatejas.
mtha' yas blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Varabodhigati.
mtha' yas blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānābhibhū (172 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtha' yas brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Asaṅgadhvaja.
mtha' yas bzang po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mtha' yas dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhasvara.
mtha' yas dbyangs|The name of two separate buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja in previous lifetimes.
mtha' yas dpal|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
mtha' yas dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jyeṣṭha.
mtha' yas dri med|Name of an absorption.
mtha' yas glang po che|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Trailokyapūjya.
mtha' yas gnon|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
mtha' yas gshegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sumati (306 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtha' yas gzi brjid|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas gzigs|Name of a buddha.
mtha' yas gzugs|Attendant of the buddha Rāhudeva.
mtha' yas gzugs|The 178th buddha in the first list, 177th in the second list, and 177th in the third list.
mtha' yas gzugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amitalocana (173 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtha' yas khyu mchog|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas lag|Son of the buddha Maṅgala.
mtha' yas lag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anupamarāṣṭra.
mtha' yas ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas me tog|The name of a bodhisattva.
mtha' yas mig|Son of the buddha Ojaṅgama.
mtha' yas mtha'|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas nor rgyas kyi bu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mtha' yas pa'i lhun po spos kyi rgyal po|A buddha.
mtha' yas pa'i nam mkha' mtha' yas|The first of the four classes of gods of the formless realm. The activity field called “infinite as the sky,” or “boundless space,” is one of the 28 classes of gods in the formless realm.
mtha' yas pa'i sgra|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas pa'i yon tan gyi 'od zer|A buddha.
mtha' yas par 'khyil pa|Name of a dhāraṇī.
mtha' yas par lta zhing yul thams cad las 'das pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
mtha' yas par snang ba'i ye shes kyi rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas pha rol|A river in hell.
mtha' yas phyag|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
mtha' yas rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
mtha' yas rtsal gyis 'gro ba|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas sbed|Father of the buddha Āryastuta.
mtha' yas sgyur|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas shugs 'chang|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
mtha' yas snang ba'i blo gros|The name of a bodhisattva. “Infinite Radiant Intellect.”
mtha' yas snang ba'i spyan|A buddha.
mtha' yas snying po|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas spobs pa|A buddha.
mtha' yas spobs pa|A great bodhisattva.
mtha' yas spos 'od|Father of the buddha Gandhatejas.
mtha' yas spyan|The 174th buddha in the first list, 173rd in the second list, and 173rd in the third list.
mtha' yas spyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prajñādatta (650 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtha' yas thab sbyor can|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
mtha' yas tog ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas tog|Son of the buddha Keturāṣṭra
mtha' yas tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtha' yas tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Adīna.
mtha' yas tshogs can|A buddha.
mtha' yas yon tan don|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Surūpa.
mtha' yas|One of the kings of the nāgas.
mtha' yas|Son of the buddha Ratnābhacandra.
mtha' yas|Mother of the buddha Laḍitakṣetra.
mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sucīrṇavipāka.
mtha' yas|Another name of Śesa, the serpent upon whom Viṣṇu rests during the interlude between the destruction and recreation of the world.
mtha' yas|One of the principal nāga kings. Also known as Śeṣa or Anataśeṣa. Considered the source of Patañjali grammar in Buddhism. In Vaiśnavism he is the serpent that Viṣṇu rests upon in between the creations of worlds.
mthang gos|One of a Buddhist monk’s three robes. The term {sham thabs} (nivāsana) is the most widespread and is the one used throughout this text, except in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-2935 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-925 where the alternative term {mthang gos} (antarvāsa) is used.
mthar gyis gnas pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa dgu|The four dhyānas, the four formless absorptions, and the absorption of cessation.
mthar gyis gnas pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa dgu|The four concentrations, the four formless states, and the equilibrium of cessation.
mthar gyis gnas pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa dgu|The four dhyānas, the four absorptions of the formless realm, and absorption in cessation.
mthar gyis gnas pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa dgu|(1–4) the four meditative states, (5–8) the four absorptions within the formless realm (caturārūpyasamāpatti, {gzugs med [snyoms 'jug] bzhi}), and (9) the meditative absorption of cessation (nirodhasamāpatti, {'gog pa'i snyoms 'jug}).
mthar gyis gnas pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa dgu|Nine states of concentration that one may attain during a human life, corresponding to the four concentrations found in the form realm, the four concentrations found in the formless realm, and the attainment of the state of cessation.
mthar gyis pa'i mngon rtogs|Sixth of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
mthar gyis snyoms par 'jug pa|A set of nine progressive stages of deepening mental absorption, including the four concentrations of the form realm, the four formless realms, and cessation.
mthar phyed|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtho ba med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Siddhi.
mtho ba na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
mtho ba'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
mtho bar brtsegs pa|A forest on the lower level of Living on the Peak.
mtho bar brtsegs pa|A mountain in Kuru. Also known as Covered by Lotuses ({pad ma dmar pos kun tu khyab pa}).
mtho bar gnas|A realm of the ever-infatuated gods.
mtho bar spyod pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
mtho ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtho brtsegs|(1) A peak upon Mount Sumeru. (2) A mountain in Garland of Splendor.
mtho gang|A measure of length that equals the distance from the tip of the extended thumb to the tip of the little finger.
mtho ris dga' ba|A river that flows between the two Anūna mountains.
mtho ris|The realms of the gods.
mtho ris|The states of gods, demigods, and humans.
mtho ris|The realms of gods according to Buddhism; in Vedism the blissful afterlife presided over by Yama.
mtho ris|The auspicious realms of rebirth comprising the abodes of the gods, the domain of the antigods and the human world.
mthon ka bzang po|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mthon ka chen po|A large and/or deep-blue sapphire.
mthon por 'phur|Name of a sage.
mthong ba brtsegs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
mthong ba don yod|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
mthong ba don yod|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
mthong ba don yod|A bodhisattva. The name of one of the thirty-five confessional buddhas.
mthong ba don yod|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
mthong ba don yod|Literally “Seeing the Meaningful.” A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
mthong ba don yod|Name of the buddha that Glorious Splendor will become in the world Totally Pure and Stable.
mthong ba sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vajrasena.
mthong ba'i lam rgyags|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
mthong ba'i sa|Lit. “Seeing level.” The fourth of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
mthong ba'i sa|Name of the fourth level of realization attainable by bodhisattvas, equivalent to entering the stream to nirvāṇa. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1282 .
mthong ba'i snyoms par 'jug pa|Entry point for the path of seeing, this is the direct perception of things as they are, ultimate reality, suchness.
mthong bar grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmavasu (672 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthong bas mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Priya cakṣurvaktra.
mthong bas spong ba'i blo gros|Attendant of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
mthong bas spong bar bzod|Father of the buddha Dṛḍha.
mthong bas spong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sucīrṇavipāka.
mthong ba|A technical term used in astrology. It means that one planet or astrological entity influences another such entity, because of the angle that it is positioned in relation to it.
mthong byed ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
mthong chen blo gros gsal|Attendant of the buddha Cāritraka.
mthong chen grags|Son of the buddha Mokṣavrata.
mthong dga' be'u|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
mthong dga'|Father of the buddha Kāñcanaprabha.
mthong dga'|Attendant of the buddha Prabhākośa.
mthong dga'|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mthong dga'|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mthong dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna ketu.
mthong dga'|(1) A lotus pool in Lateral. (2) A pond on Equal Peaks ({rnam par mthong bas dga' ba}).
mthong lam|Third of the five paths, preceded by the paths of provisions and connection, and followed by the paths of cultivation and no-more-learning. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1282 .
mthong ldan chen mo|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
mthong ldan|Attendant of the buddha Supārśva.
mthong legs|Mother of the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa.
mthong ma thag tu nges pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
mthong ma|Skt. “Advancement,” Tib. “She who has Vision.”
mthong mo|One of the eight nāga ladies.
mthong na dga' ba dri za'i rgyal po|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni
mthong na dga' bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Uccaratna.
mthong na dga' ba|“Beautiful Sight.” The name of a past eon.
mthong na dga' ba|The realm of the Buddha King of the World.
mthong na dga' ba|Pools that surround the summit of All Worlds.
mthong na dga' ba|(1) A forest in Dwelling in Excellent View. (2) A pond in Continuous Movement.
mthong na dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Velāmarāja.
mthong na dga'|An ancient buddha realm, home to Buddha Samantaraśmi.
mthong na dga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaketu (203 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthong na don yod|A bodhisattva who appears in Mahāyāna sūtras.
mthong na kun dga' ba|(1) A lotus pond in Living by Rājanina ({mthong na kun dga' ba}). (2) A mountain on Vast Garlands of Bliss ({kun nas mthong na dga' ba}).
mthong na mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Daśavaśa.
mthong na yid 'ong|Mother of the buddha Campaka.
mthong na yid 'phrog pa|A mansion in Supreme Strength.
mthor 'phags pa|A buddha in the past.
mtho|The 948th buddha in the first list, 947th in the second list, and 938th in the third list.
mthu bo che dang ldan pa'i sa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Myriad Jewels.
mthu bo che|Vedic god.
mthu bo che|A buddha from the north.
mthu bo che|One of the ten incarnations of the Hindu deity Viṣṇu, embodying superhuman strength.
mthu bo che|An alternate name for Viṣṇu. The Sanskrit is variously interpreted, including as “dwelling in water,” but is most obviously “the path of human beings.”
mthu bo che|An alternate name for Viṣṇu ({khyab 'jug}), which is also used for Brahmā and for Kṛṣṇa. The Sanskrit is variously interpreted as “the path of human beings” and “the son of man.” In Buddhist texts it is used for powerful beings such as Śakra. The usual Tibetan translation is {sred med kyi bu}, meaning “the son of Nāra,” with Nāra translated as “one without craving.” However, here it appears to be translated as {mthu bo che} (“great power”).
mthu brtan|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
mthu brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratna.
mthu bsgyings|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mthu chen 'gro ba'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vajradhvaja.
mthu chen brtul zhugs ri rab dpal mnga' ba|The forty-seventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS in verse: Nārāyaṇa vrata sumeru śirī.
mthu chen dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
mthu chen gnas su phyin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmakośa (534 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthu chen po thob pa|A bodhisattva.
mthu chen po thob pa|One of the bodhisattvas, possibly the same as Mahā sthāma prāpta.
mthu chen po'i brtson 'grus kyis nges par 'byung ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Yangarvatī.
mthu chen thob gzhag pa|One of the lokeśvara emanations of Avalokiteśvara; also, one of the ancient bodhisattvas, possibly the same as Mahāsthānaprāpta.
mthu chen thob pa|The name of an important bodhisattva in the Mahāyāna pantheon.
mthu chen thob pa|Dharma-preaching monk living at the time of the buddha King of All Qualities’ Light Rays.
mthu chen thob pa|One of the lokeśvara emanations of Avalokiteśvara; also, one of the ancient bodhisattvas, possibly the same as Mahāsthānaprāpta.
mthu chen thob pa|A bodhisattva who serves alongside Avalokiteśvara as Amitābha’s attendant in the buddhafield of Sukhāvatī. As his name suggests, he is renowned for possessing great strength (Skt. prāpta; Tib. {thob pa}) and power (Skt. mahāsthāma; Tib. {mthu chen}).
mthu chen thob|An alternate name for Vajrapāṇi, the bodhisattva of power; one of the bodhisattvas in the retinue of the Buddha.
mthu chen thob|One of the lokeśvara emanations of Avalokiteśvara; also, one of the ancient bodhisattvas, possibly the same as Mahāsthānaprāpta.
mthu chen thob|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra. Along with Avalokiteśvara, he is one of the two main bodhisattvas in the realm of Sukhāvatī.
mthu chen thob|One of the two principal bodhisattvas in Sukhāvatī, and prominent in Chinese Buddhism. In Tibetan Buddhism, he is identified with Vajrapāṇī, though they are separate bodhisattvas in the sūtras.
mthu chen thob|A bodhisattva who serves alongside Avalokiteśvara as Amitābha’s attendant in the buddhafield of Sukhāvatī. As his name suggests, he is renowned for possessing great strength (Skt. prāpta; Tib. {thob pa}) and power (Skt. mahāsthāma; Tib. {mthu chen}).
mthu chen thob|One of the eight great bodhisattvas who serves alongside Avalokiteśvara as Amitābha’s attendant in the buddhafield of Sukhāvatī. As his name suggests, he is renowned for possessing (Skt. prāpta; Tib. {thob pa}) great strength and power (Skt. mahāsthāma; Tib. {mthu chen}). In Tibetan Buddhism, he is identified with Vajrapāṇi, though they are separate bodhisattvas in the sūtras.
mthu chen|A group of goddesses connected to Vajrapāṇi; also, a group of mātṛs attending upon Skanda.
mthu chen|The 372nd buddha in the first list, 371st in the second list, and 366th in the third list.
mthu chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maitreya (5) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthu dang ldan pa|The name of the twenty thousand channels on the right side of the body.
mthu dpal|A buddha realm.
mthu dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmavikrāmin.
mthu ldan|Father of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
mthu ldan|Attendant of the buddha Puṇyarāśi.
mthu ldan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Satyaruta.
mthu ldan|The 32nd buddha in the first list, 32nd in the second list, and 33rd in the third list.
mthu mdzes|The guardian deity of Veṇuvana.
mthu ni thob pa|The 214th buddha in the first list, 213th in the second list, and 213th in the third list.
mthu rtsal 'gros|Son of the buddha Śuddhasāgara.
mthu rtsal 'jigs med|Mother of the buddha Siṃhagati.
mthu rtsal bag mi tsha|Father of the buddha Siṃhagati.
mthu rtsal bcu ldan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Viniścitamati.
mthu rtsal bdud rtsi gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmavasu.
mthu rtsal blo gros|Birthplace of the buddha Sāra.
mthu rtsal blo gros|Mother of the buddha Jñānaśūra.
mthu rtsal blo gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śaśiketu.
mthu rtsal brgya pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyatejas.
mthu rtsal brtan po gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Viśvadeva.
mthu rtsal brtan po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
mthu rtsal brtan po|The 859th buddha in the first list, 858th in the second list, and 848th in the third list.
mthu rtsal brtan|Son of the buddha Rāhu.
mthu rtsal brtan|Father of the buddha Jñānakrama.
mthu rtsal brtan|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
mthu rtsal bzang po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ojobala.
mthu rtsal can|Father of the buddha Vikrāntagamin.
mthu rtsal can|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jayanandin (342 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthu rtsal chen po|Father of the buddha Dharmavikrāmin.
mthu rtsal chen po|Attendant of the buddha Suviniścitārtha.
mthu rtsal chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthita buddhi rūpa (841 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthu rtsal che|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kuśalapradīpa (847 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthu rtsal dbang po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Manojñavākya.
mthu rtsal dpa' bo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Acyuta.
mthu rtsal drag shul can|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vajrasena (467 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthu rtsal dri med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
mthu rtsal gnas|Son of the buddha Candana.
mthu rtsal gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍita.
mthu rtsal grags pa|Father of the buddha Pradānakīrti.
mthu rtsal grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānaśrī.
mthu rtsal grags|Father of the buddha Smṛtīndra.
mthu rtsal gyis rab tu 'gro ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pārthiva.
mthu rtsal gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śāntatejas.
mthu rtsal legs par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
mthu rtsal legs par spyod|Attendant of the buddha Puṣpa.
mthu rtsal mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyacara.
mthu rtsal mdzes pa|Father of the buddha Daśaraśmi.
mthu rtsal mdzes pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimatijaha.
mthu rtsal mdzes|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Muktaprabha.
mthu rtsal mtha' yas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sutīrtha.
mthu rtsal mtha' yas|The 215th buddha in the first list, 214th in the second list, and 214th in the third list.
mthu rtsal mthong|Attendant of the buddha Vimoharāja.
mthu rtsal mthong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇivyūha.
mthu rtsal nor gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vairocana.
mthu rtsal rdo rje|Attendant of the buddha Jyotiṣmat.
mthu rtsal rdo rje|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
mthu rtsal rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
mthu rtsal rin po che|Son of the buddha Jñānakūṭa.
mthu rtsal sdud pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhamati (968 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthu rtsal sems|Attendant of the buddha Rāhu.
mthu rtsal sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
mthu rtsal snying po|Birthplace of the buddha Sāgara.
mthu rtsal spyod pa'i rgyal po|Son of the buddha Mayūraruta.
mthu rtsal spyod|Father of the buddha Susvara.
mthu rtsal spyod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Avraṇa.
mthu rtsal stobs byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kṣatriya.
mthu rtsal stobs grub mchod sbyin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arajas.
mthu rtsal stobs|Father of the buddha Rāhu.
mthu rtsal stobs|Son of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
mthu rtsal stobs|Attendant of the buddha Damajyeṣṭha.
mthu rtsal stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Meghasvara.
mthu rtsal stobs|The 568th buddha in the first list, 568th in the second list, and 561st in the third list.
mthu rtsal stobs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vighuṣṭatejas (917 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mthu rtsal tshang ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anupamarāṣṭra.
mthu rtsal zla ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Yaśas.
mthu rtsal|Son of the buddha Ṛṣiprasanna.
mthu rtsal|Father of the buddha Tīrthakara.
mthu rtsal|Attendant of the buddha Puṇyapradīpa.
mthu rtsal|The 526th buddha in the first list, 526th in the second list, and 519th in the third list.
mthu stobs|The 756th buddha in the first list, 755th in the second list, and 745th in the third list.
mthu thob|The 371st buddha in the first list, 370th in the second list, and 365th in the third list.
mthu yi dpal|The 370th buddha in the first list, 369th in the second list, and 364th in the third list.
mthun pa dang 'gal ba med pa|Lit. “not contrary to being in harmony.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mthun par gyur pa|A gathering of all the monks present within a monastery’s boundaries for an official function (such as an ordination ceremony); with consent from any absentee monks. Also rendered here as “in concord.”\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-881 .
mthus byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Muni.
mthus rnam par gnon pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mtshams brtan|Birthplace of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
mtshams bzangs|A god.
mtshams bzangs|The name of a god from the realm of Tuṣita and the main interlocutor of Mañjuśrī’s Teaching. In the Kangyur, Susīma appears as a minor interlocutor in several other sūtras; his other most notable appearance is as an interlocutor in conversation with Māra in The Chapter on Mañjuśrī’s Magical Display, Toh 97, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh97.html#UT22084-046-003-148–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh97.html#UT22084-046-003-169. He also appears in some Pali sources; see Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Susīma (4–5).
mtshams can|A village.
mtshams kyi mtha'i ri|The mountain between Videha and Jambudvīpa.
mtshams ma mchis pa lnga po|Acts for which one will be reborn in hell immediately after death, without any intervening stages; they are killing a worthy one, killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, causing a schism in the saṅgha, and maliciously drawing blood from a tathāgata.
mtshams ma mchis pa lnga'i las|The five heinous deeds or acts that bring immediate retribution: (1) killing one’s father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) drawing blood from the body of a tathāgata with malicious intent, and (5) causing schism in the saṅgha.
mtshams med kyi las|Matricide, parricide, killing an arhat, causing a schism in the monastic order, and drawing a buddha’s blood with malicious intention. These actions are said to result in immediate birth in the hells.
mtshams med lnga po|Five actions that bring immediate and severe consequences at death, so that that the person who commits them will take rebirth in the lower realms directly after they die. The five are: patricide, matricide, killing an arhat, intentionally injuring a buddha, and causing a schism within the saṅgha.
mtshams med lnga|These are killing one’s mother, father, or an arhat; drawing blood from a thus-gone one; or causing a schism in the sangha.
mtshams med lnga|Lit. “sins of immediate retribution [after death].” These five, all of which cause immediate rebirth in hell, are killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an arhat, breaking up the saṅgha, and causing, with evil intent, the Tathāgata to bleed.
mtshams med lnga|The five inexpiable acts are 1) killing one’s father, 2) killing one’s mother, 3) killing a worthy one (Skt. arhat), 4) shedding the blood of a buddha with ill intent, and 5) sowing discord in the saṅgha. These acts are said to lead to unavoidable rebirth in the hell realms.
mtshams med lnga|The five extremely negative actions which, once those who have committed them die, result in their going immediately to the hells without experiencing the intermediate state. They are killing an arhat, killing one’s mother, killing one’s father, creating schism in the Saṅgha, and maliciously drawing blood from a tathāgata’s body.
mtshams med lnga|The “five inexpiable crimes,” or “crimes with immediate retribution” because they result in immediate rebirth in the hells without any intermediate state, are regarded as the most severe and consequently the most difficult negative actions to overcome by reparation. They are matricide ({ma gsod pa}), killing an arhat ({dgra bcom pa gsod pa}), patricide ({pha gsod pa}), creating a schism in the monastic community ({dge 'dun gyi dbyen byas pa}), and intentionally wounding a buddha ({de bzhin gshegs pa'i sku la ngan sems kyis khrag 'byin pa}).
mtshams med nye lnga|A subsidiary set of actions that bring immediate and severe consequences at death, so that that the person who commits them will take rebirth in the lower realms directly after they die. These five are: damaging a caitya, killing a bodhisattva, violating a nun or woman who has exhausted her afflictions, killing a novice student, and stealing from the saṅgha.
mtshams med pa byed pa|Acts for which one will be reborn in hell immediately after death, without any intervening stages; they are (1) killing one’s master or father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) maliciously drawing blood from a buddha, and (5) causing a schism in the saṅgha.
mtshams med pa lnga ba|Acts for which one will be reborn in hell immediately after death, without any intervening stages; they are killing a worthy one, killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, causing a schism in the saṅgha, and maliciously drawing blood from a tathāgata.
mtshams med pa lnga dang de dang nye ba lnga|A subsidiary set of actions that bring immediate and severe consequences at death, such that the person who commits them will take rebirth in the lower realms directly after they die. These five are damaging a caitya, killing a bodhisattva, violating a woman who has exhausted her afflictions, killing a novice student, and stealing from the saṅgha.
mtshams med pa lnga|These five are killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an arhat, wounding a buddha, and splitting a buddha’s saṅgha. They are literally called “without an interval” because they result in instantaneous rebirth in hell at the moment of death without passing through an intermediate state.
mtshams med pa lnga|Acts for which one will be reborn in hell immediately after death, without any intervening stages; they include killing one’s mother, father, or an arhat, causing a dissention in the saṅgha, and causing the blood of a tathāgata to flow. The term is also written in this translation as the “five karmas of immediate retribution.”
mtshams med pa lnga|Five actions that bring immediate and severe consequences at death. The person who engages in them will experience a rebirth in the lower realms directly after death. The five are (1) killing one’s father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) causing a schism in the saṅgha, and (5) with evil intention making a buddha bleed.
mtshams med pa lnga|The five extremely negative actions which, once those who have committed them die, result in the perpetrators going immediately to the hells without experiencing the intermediate state. They are killing an arhat, killing one’s mother, killing one’s father, creating schism in the saṅgha, and maliciously drawing blood from a tathāgata’s body.
mtshams med pa lnga|These are five acts that, due to the severity of their transgression, will cause immediate rebirth in Avīci, the deepest of hells. The acts classically listed that lead to such rebirth are (1) killing one’s father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) shedding a buddha’s blood with malicious intent, and (5) causing a schism in the saṅgha.
mtshams med pa lnga|Describing the result of committing one of five particularly heinous crimes: (1) killing one’s father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) maliciously drawing blood from a buddha, and (5) causing a schism in the sangha. In this sūtra, Mañjuśrī describes a corresponding set of five acts with immediate consequences that bodhisattvas should, in fact, perform.
mtshams med pa'i las|The five actions that lead to going instantly to hell on death are killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an arhat, splitting the saṅgha, and wounding a buddha so that he bleeds.
mtshams med pa'i las|The five extremely negative actions that, once those who have committed them die, result in immediate rebirth in the hells without the experience of the intermediate state. They are killing an arhat, killing one’s mother, killing one’s father, creating a schism in the Saṅgha, and maliciously drawing blood from a tathāgata’s body.
mtshams med pa'i sdig las|Sanskrit ānantarya is a short for pañcā nantaryāṇi karmāṇi. These are five grave sins which, when committed, lead one to fall immediately, i.e., with no intermediate period, into the Avīci hell after death due to their severity. Usually five are enumerated: killing one’s mother, father, or an arhat; causing dissension in the order of monks (the saṅgha); and deliberately causing a tathāgata’s blood to flow. But the exact number of items varies in different lists from two or three to five (cf. BHSD, s.v. ānantarya).
mtshams med pa|Five actions considered so heinous that they result in immediate rebirth in the hell realms. They include killing one’s mother, killing one’s father, killing an arhat, harming a buddha, and creating a schism in the saṅgha.
mtshams med pa|Describing the result of commiting one of five particularly heinous crimes: (1) killing one’s father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) maliciously drawing blood from a buddha, and (5) causing a schism in the sangha.
mtshams med pa|Five particularly heinous crimes that result in immediate and severe consequences: (1) killing one’s father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing a worthy one, (4) maliciously drawing blood from a buddha, and (5) causing a schism in the saṅgha.
mtshams med pa|The most severe among the eight hot hell realms. It is characterized as endless not only in terms of the torment undergone there, but also because of the ceaseless chain of actions and effects experienced, the long lifespan of its denizens, and their being so intensely crowded together that there is no physical space between them.
mtshams med|The five heinous deeds or acts that bring immediate retribution: (1) killing one’s father, (2) killing one’s mother, (3) killing an arhat, (4) drawing blood from the body of a tathāgata with malicious intent, and (5) causing schism in the saṅgha.
mtshams med|The most severe among the eight hot hell realms. It is characterized as endless not only in terms of the torment undergone there, but also because of the ceaseless chain of actions and effects experienced, the long lifespan of its denizens, and their being so intensely crowded together that there is no physical space between them.
mtshams rab|The name of a god.
mtshams|An area demarcated by the saṅgha which then functions as the community’s borders. Such boundaries may be set to define the area monks are confined to during the rains retreat. A gathering of all the monks within these boundaries constitutes a “consensus,” during which formal acts of saṅgha may be performed.
mtshan byin|Son of the buddha Guṇaratna.
mtshan byin|Attendant of the buddha Sthita buddhi rūpa.
mtshan bzang|A god.
mtshan bzang|Name of a god.
mtshan bzang|Son of the buddha Viniścitamati.
mtshan dang dpe byad bzang po|The thirty-two signs and the eighty marks of a superior being.
mtshan dang dpe byad bzang po|The thirty-two major and the eighty minor distinctive physical attributes of a buddha or a superior being.
mtshan dang dpe byad bzang po|The thirty-two primary and eighty secondary physical characteristics of a “great being,” a mahāpuruṣa, which every buddha has.
mtshan dang ldan pa|Seventy-eighth of the eighty minor marks.
mtshan dpal shin tu yongs bsgrags|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
mtshan dpe med pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mtshan gnyis 'od|A great bodhisattva.
mtshan gnyis gtsug gtor can|A buddha.
mtshan gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa (819 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtshan gyi 'od rnam par snang ba|A buddha realm in the upward direction.
mtshan gyi dpal ri bo|A buddha in the distant past.
mtshan gyi go cha|A buddha.
mtshan gyi gzi brjid me tog|Attendant of the buddha Mānajaha.
mtshan gyi gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha realm.
mtshan gyi me tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Añjana.
mtshan gyi me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mārakṣayaṃkara (887 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtshan gyi nyi ma'i 'khor lo kun tu snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
mtshan gyi rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arciskandha (449 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtshan gyi ri bo rnam par snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
mtshan gyis brgyan pa skar ma brtsegs pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva from King of All Śāla Trees’ buddha realm.
mtshan gyis brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Ajitagaṇa.
mtshan gyis rab tu brgyan pa|Son of the buddha Jñānarāja.
mtshan gyis rnam par spras pa|Son of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
mtshan gyis spras|Birthplace of the buddha Tiṣya.
mtshan gyis yang dag par brgyan pa|A bodhisattva.
mtshan gyi|A buddha in the distant past. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3101 .
mtshan ldan|A buddha realm.
mtshan ldan|Mother of the buddha Vibhakta jñā svara.
mtshan legs par yongs bsgrags dpal gyi rgyal po|The thus-gone one residing in the buddhafield Unconquered.
mtshan ma ma mchis pa|The absence of the conceptual identification of perceptions. Knowing that the true nature has no attributes, such as color, shape, etc. One of the three doorways to liberation.
mtshan ma med pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
mtshan ma med pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
mtshan ma med pa'i nga ro nges pa'i dbyangs|A buddha.
mtshan ma med pa'i shes rab|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
mtshan ma med par rnam par grol ba chen po|Name of a dhāraṇī.
mtshan ma med pa|The ultimate absence of marks and signs in perceived objects. One of the three gateways to liberation; the other two are emptiness and wishlessness.
mtshan ma med pa|The second of the three doorways to liberation. The other two are emptiness (śūnyatā; {stong pa nyid}) and wishlessness (apraṇihita; {smon pa med pa}).
mtshan ma med pa|Meditative concentration which views the five aggregates, the basis for the conception of a self, as faulty; the second of the three doors of liberation.
mtshan ma med pa|The absence of the conceptual identification of perceptions. Knowing that the true nature has no attributes, such as color, shape, etc. One of the three doorways to liberation.
mtshan ma med pa|Emptiness ({stong pa nyid}), signlessness ({mtshan ma med pa}), and wishlessness ({smon pa med pa}) are known as the “three doors to deliverance” (triṇi vimokṣa mukhāni) or the “three concentrations” (trayaḥ samādhyaḥ) and as a set appear in both mainstream Buddhist sūtras and Mahāyāna sūtras. See Conze 1962, pp. 59–69; Lamotte 1944, pp. 1213–15; and Deleanu 2000, pp. 74–78.
mtshan ma med pa|In ultimate reality, there is no sign, as a sign signals or signifies something to someone and hence is inextricably involved with the relative world. We are so conditioned by signs that they seem to speak to us as if they had a voice of their own. The letter “A” seems to pronounce itself to us as we see it, and the stop-sign fairly shouts at us. However, the configuration of two slanted lines with a crossbar has in itself nothing whatsoever to do with the phenomenon made with the mouth and throat in the open position, when expulsion of breath makes the vocal cords resonate “ah.” By extending such analysis to all signs, we may get an inkling of what is meant by “signlessness,” which is essentially equivalent to voidness, and to “wishlessness” (see entry). Voidness, signlessness, and wishlessness form the “Three Doors of Liberation.”
mtshan ma'i 'du shes|This refers to the conceptual designation of things using linguistic signs.
mtshan ma|Can refer both to a physical mark or trait as well as to the data of perception.
mtshan ma|Conceptual characteristics or reifications that lead to distraction and a false understanding of reality.
mtshan ma|Any imagined mark or feature of an object, the misperception of which serves as the basis of perception and the arising of coarse conceptuality. Also translated here as “mark.”
mtshan ma|A causal sign is the projected reality that functions as the objective support of a cognitive state. It cannot be separated out from the cognitive state and to that extent may enjoy a modicum of conventional reality. To “practice with a causal sign” means to look at an apparent phenomenon within accepting that it has more reality than it actually does.
mtshan ma|A sign or characteristic, which refers to the generic appearance of an object, in distinction to its secondary characteristics or anuvyañjana. Advertence toward the generic sign and secondary characteristics of an object furnishes the conception or nominal designation (Skt. saṃjñā) of that object, which may in turn generate clinging or rejection and ultimately lead to suffering.
mtshan ma|A polyvalent term, it generally refers to the characteristic features of an object or image. Nimitta can refer to features of an object that attract the mind’s attention, engage with it more deeply, and develop emotional responses to it. Such marks or features are often considered to be ultimately false and deceptive. In a more positive sense nimitta can refer to the focus of meditation practice. The term applies to both external objects and visualized images that are used to deepen meditative concentration and absorption. Also translated here as “mark” and “feature.”
mtshan mchog sum cu rtsa gnyis|These are thirty-two physical characteristics of a “great person.”
mtshan med nga ro|A buddha.
mtshan mo 'dzin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mtshan mo rgyas|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇavisṛta.
mtshan mo rgyu ba|A generic term for a range of beings that includes both animals and spirits of various types.
mtshan mo rgyu dbang|Notes on the Meaning identifies this deity as a yakṣa general, but the name is also used as an epithet of Śiva.
mtshan mo|The goddess of the night.
mtshan mo|One of the subtle channels in the body.
mtshan nyid gcig pas mchod|A great bodhisattva.
mtshan nyid gnyis pa'i dpal|A buddha.
mtshan nyid med pa'i chos|Mahāvyutpatti 353.
mtshan nyid med pa'i phyag rgya|A buddha realm.
mtshan nyid med pa|Second of the three gates to liberation, the first being emptiness and the third wishlessness.
mtshan nyid ri rab|A buddha in the distant past.
mtshan nyid yongs su dag pa|Name of the ninetieth meditative stability.
mtshan nyid yongs su sbyong ba|Lit. “purification of marks.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mtshan nyid|Can refer both to a physical mark or trait as well as to the data of perception.
mtshan nyid|The defining quality of a thing, such as the wetness of water and the heat of fire.
mtshan par rdol ba|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
mtshan rin po ches rnam par brgyan pa'i ri bo|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|A series of identifying physical features characteristic of a great being (Skt. mahāpuruṣa), exemplified by a buddha or cakravartin king.
mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|The thirty-two major signs of a buddha that manifest as specific physical attributes to indicate the perfection of the awakened state of buddhahood.
mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|The distinctive physical attributes of the Buddha. These are the “signs of a great man” (Skt. mahā puruṣa lakṣaṇa, Tib. {skye bu chen po'i mtshan bzang}) that following Indian tradition characterize cakravartin kings (world sovereigns) as well as buddhas. For a descriptive list, see Dharmachakra (2013), https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-2206-https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-2234.
mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|These are the major physical marks that identify the buddha body of emanation and which, in some sources and traditions, portend the advent of a universal monarch. As well as being listed in this and other Prajñā pāramitā sūtras (see The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines [Toh 11], https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-271 and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-2379), they are to be found detailed in the Lalita vistara (see The Play in Full (Toh 95), https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-475 and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-2206–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-2234), Mahā yānopadeśa (Toh 169)https://read.84000.co/translation/toh169.html, Ratna gotra vibhāgottara tantra śāstra (Toh 4024, 3.17–25)https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4024.html, Mahā vastu, and in the Pali Lakkhaṇa sutta.
mtshan thams cad kyis brgyan pas rnam par dag pa'i dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
mtshan yid du 'ong ba'i me tog gi yan lag shin tu rgyas pa|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
mtshangs pa'i byin|A great bodhisattva.
mtshan|Listed as thirty-two marks on the body of a buddha.
mtshan|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mtshan|The thirty-two major and eighty minor marks of a buddha.
mtshan|For their enumeration in this text, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-5641 .
mtshan|The thirty-two characteristics of a great being (mahāpuruṣa; {skyes bu chen po}), including the uṣṇīṣa, or head mound, and the long tongue.
mtshan|The thirty-two primary physical characteristics of a “great being,” mahāpuruṣa, which every buddha and cakravartin possesses. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-4379 for a complete list according to this sūtra.
mtshe ma|The principal deity in the Yāma paradise, the third of the six paradises in the desire realm.
mtshe ma|The third of the six heavens of the desire realm. Also known as the Heaven Free from Strife (Tib. {'thab bral}).
mtshe ma|The third (counting from the lowest) of the six paradises in the desire realm. The usual translation is {'thab bral} from “Yāma.” Here, the Tibetan translation appears to be from Yama, the name for the lord of death.
mtshe ma|Another name for the Heaven Free from Strife, this is the third of the six heavens of the desire realm. The Tibetan literally means “twins.” The Sanskrit for this heaven is Yāma or Suyāma, the precise meaning of which is uncertain.
mtshe'u|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
mtsho brgya rab tu 'bab pa|A part of Mountainous Garland.
mtsho can|A buddha realm.
mtsho chen po ma dros pa|Name of a lake.
mtsho chen po ma dros pa|A lake north of the Himālayas believed to be the source of the river Sutlej and identified with Rakshastal.
mtsho chen po|Attendant of the buddha Sārthavāha.
mtsho dal gyis 'bab|The Mandākinī river, which translates as “the slow-flowing” river, is the name of a specific tributary of the Ganges that flows through the Kedāranātha valley in the Himālayas, as well as a name that might be used for other rivers (Monier-Williams 788.2). The term is assumed to refer to a lake in this case (and not a river) because the Tibetan uses the term {mtsho}.
mtsho dbus|One of the kings of the nāgas.
mtsho gyad|A nāga king.
mtsho ldan|A river. Lit. “has a lake.” Possibly the Sarasvatī river, or one of the rivers connected to Lake Manasarovar, perhaps the Brahmaputra.
mtsho ma dros pa|A certain lake on the banks of which the mendicant Subhadra often spent his days.
mtsho mchog|A lake on Equal Peaks.
mtshon 'bab pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
mtshon byed ma|One of the great piśācīs.
mtshon cha bzang po|Mother of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
mtshon cha bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Sudatta.
mtshon cha bzang po|Father of the buddha Guṇaskandha.
mtshon cha bzang po|Son of the buddha Anantavikrāmin.
mtshon cha bzang po|Birthplace of the buddha Marutskandha.
mtshon cha bzang po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Subhadra.
mtshon cha'i dbang po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Indra.
mtshon mgar rgyal sde|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
mtshung pa med pa'i gzi brjid 'od|A buddha.
mtshungs ldan|This denotes the five aspects of concomitance between mind and its mental states, which may concern (1) location or support ({gnas sam rten}), (2) objective referent ({dmigs pa}), (3) sensum ({rnam pa}), (4) time ({dus}), or (5) substance ({rdzas}).\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1972 ).
mtshungs med dpal gyi gzi brjid|A bodhisattva.
mtshungs med mnyam|Mother of the buddha Siṃhagātra.
mtshungs med|Attendant of the buddha Vimala.
mtshungs med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Velāma.
mtshungs pa med pa'i rdo rje'i bran|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mtshungs pa med|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇaprabha (30 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mtshun|The spirits of deceased ancestors who need to regularly be appeased through ritual offerings of food. The term preta is a derivation of pitṛ.
mu kha|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
mu khyud 'dzin|A great bodhisattva.
mu khyud 'dzin|One of the seven golden mountains.
mu khyud 'dzin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
mu khyud bzang po|One of the māras.
mu khyud bzang po|One of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas.
mu khyud khor yug dang ldan pa|Second of the thirty-two major marks.
mu khyud mtha' yas|King of Ujjayinī and father of Pradyota.
mu khyud tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mu khyud|A wheel-turning king who is a descendant of Mahādeva.
mu khyud|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas.
mu khyud|A previous incarnation of the Buddha, a devotee of the Buddha Myriad Flowers and father of the monks Dharma and Sudharma.
mu kun da ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
mu ni bar ma|An Indian preceptor who was resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.
mu ni barma|An Indian paṇḍita resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.
mu sA ra gal ba|Musāragalva is fossilized coral that has undergone transformation under millions of years of underwater pressure. It appears in one version of the list of seven precious materials. The Tibetan tradition describes it as being formed from ice over a long period of time. It can also refer to tridacna (Tridacnidae) shell, which is also presently referred to by the name musaragalva. Attempts to identify musāragalva have included sapphire, cat’s eye, red coral, conch, and amber.
mu sa ra gal pa|In other translations, this is translated into Tibetan as {spug}. White coral is fossilized coral that has undergone transformation under millions of years of underwater pressure. Tibetan tradition describes it being formed from ice over a long period of time. It can also refer to tridacna (Tridacnidae) shell, which is also presently referred to by the name musaragalva. Attempts to identify musalagalva have included sapphire, cat’s eye, red coral, conch, and amber. It appears in one version of the list of seven jewels or treasures.
mu sa ra galba rgyan du byas pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
mu sa ra|Musāragalva is fossilized coral that has undergone transformation under millions of years of underwater pressure. It appears in one version of the list of seven precious materials. The Tibetan tradition describes it as being formed from ice over a long period of time. It can also refer to tridacna (Tridacnidae) shell, which is also presently referred to by the name musaragalva. Attempts to identify musāragalva have included sapphire, cat’s eye, red coral, conch, and amber.
mu stegs bzang po|Son of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
mu stegs bzang|Father of the buddha Lokāntara.
mu stegs can zhugs pa|A person, who though once a Buddhist later converts, barred from joining the renunciate order.
mu stegs can|A follower of one of the non-Buddhist religious systems in India, who from a Buddhist perspective promote extreme views on the nature of reality.
mu stegs can|A member of a religion, sect, or philosophical tradition that was a rival of or antagonistic to the Buddhist community in India. The term has its origins among the Jains.
mu stegs can|Religious or philosophical orders that were contemporary with the early Buddhist order. Initially, the term tīrthika or tīrthya may have referred to non-brahmanic ascetic orders.”
mu stegs can|The non-Buddhist spiritual traditions of ancient India, which according to the Buddhist view are generally said to fall into one of two categories of erroneous views: the view of eternalism or the view of nihilism.
mu stegs can|Holders of philosophical views diverging from the Buddhist philosophy of the Middle Way into one of the two “extremes” of nihilism or eternalism. In the Buddha’s day they were typified by the non-Buddhist teachers Pūraṇa Kāśyapa, Parivrājaka Gośālīputra, Saṃjayin Vairaṭīputra, Ajita Keśakambala, Kakuda Kātyāyana, and Nirgrantha Jñātiputra.
mu stegs can|Religious or philosophical orders that were contemporary with the early Buddhist order, including Jains, Jaṭilas, Ājīvikas, and Cārvākas. Initially, the term tīrthika or tīrthya may have referred to non-brahmanic ascetic orders.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-48 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-49 .
mu stegs ldan pa|A member of a religion, sect, or philosophical tradition that was a rival of or antagonistic to the Buddhist community in India. The term has its origins among the Jains.
mu stegs pa|A follower of one of the non-Buddhist religious systems in India.
mu stegs pa|An ascetic or mendicant follower of a non-Buddhist religious system or philosophy.
mu stegs pa|Any non-Buddhist tradition in pre-Muslim India, both those Veda-based and not. The term has its origins among the Jains.
mu stegs pa|A member of a religion, sect, or philosophical tradition that was a rival of or antagonistic to the Buddhist community in India.
mu stegs pa|A person belonging to any non-Buddhist tradition in pre-Muslim India, both those Veda-based and not. The term has its origins among the Jains.
mu stegs pa|Those of religious or philosophical orders that were contemporary with the early Buddhist order, including Jains, Jaṭilas, Ājīvikas, and Cārvākas. Initially, the term tīrthika or tīrthya may have referred to non-brahmanic ascetic orders. Tīrthika (“forder”) literally translates as “one belonging to or associated with (possessive suffix –ika) stairs for landing or for descent into a river,” or “a bathing place,” or “a place of pilgrimage on the banks of sacred streams” (Monier-Williams). The term may have originally referred to temple priests at river crossings or fords where travelers propitiated a deity before crossing. The Sanskrit term seems to have undergone metonymic transfer in referring to those able to ford the turbulent river of saṃsāra (as in the Jain tīrthaṅkaras, “ford makers”), and it came to be used in Buddhist sources to refer to teachers of rival religious traditions. The Sanskrit term is closely rendered by the Tibetan {mu stegs pa}: “those on the steps ({stegs pa}) at the edge ({mu}).”
mu stegs thams cad kyi gnas|A world system in the southern direction.
mu stegs|Attendant of the buddha Vibhaktagātra.
mu stegs|A follower of one of the non-Buddhist religious systems in India.
mu stegs|A set of stairs leading down to the banks of a river or pond, often used for bathing.
mu stegs|A member of a religion, sect, or philosophical tradition that was a rival of or antagonistic to the Buddhist community in India. The term has its origins among the Jains.
mu stegs|Originally used to refer to other renunciant orders that were contemporary with that of the Buddha Śākyamuni, generally used to refer to any proponent of non-Buddhist teachings.
mu stegs|Literally meaning a “ford,” “crossing place,” or “confluence,” the term is used to refer to the geographical holy places and pilgrimage sites (whether associated with rivers or not) of both Hinduism and Jainism, and by extension to the spiritual practices of pilgrimage in general.
mu su lun dha|King of the gods in the Heaven Free from Strife.
mu tig 'bab pa|A river in Mutual Liking.
mu tig can|The name of a buddhafield.
mu tig can|A buddha realm to the east.
mu tig dang byi ru 'bab pa|A river in the realm of the Four Great Kings.
mu tig gi brgyan|Forty-fifth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
mu tig gi bye ma dang ldan pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
mu tig gi dra ba yongs su dag pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sovereign King of Brahmā.
mu tig gi rgyan|Forty-fifth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
mu tig gi shu ka ti|An island between Kuru and Godānīya.
mu tig phreng|A lady.
mu tig|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
mu tig|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
mun 'joms pa|A buddha in the past.
mun bral|Name of a daughter of Māra.
mun bral|Father of the buddha Bhasmakrodha.
mun dang bral ba|The 112th buddha in the first list, 112th in the second list, and 113th in the third list.
mun dang bral|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vasuśreṣṭha.
mun dang rnam par bral ba|The 141st buddha in the first list, 141st in the second list, and 141st in the third list.
mun gyi nags tshal|A forest located in modern-day Punjab where a community of Buddhist monks flourished.
mun nag chen po na gnas pa|One of the seven yakṣiṇīs.
mun nag chen po|A hell in the vicinity of Ultimate Torment
mun nag thams cad 'joms pa'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
mun nag thibs|A mountain range surrounding the hell of Embers Within.
mun pa 'bab|The middle channel above the navel.
mun pa 'joms|Name of a buddha.
mun pa bral|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śāntimati.
mun pa can|A country in the southern region in the distant future.
mun pa dang bral ba|A bodhisatva great being.
mun pa dang bral ba|Lit. “separated from gloominess.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
mun pa dang bral ba|A buddhafield in the northwestern direction of the Tathāgata Sovereign Light Display.
mun pa dang dud pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
mun pa dang rdul dang bral ba|The name of a world system in the northern direction.
mun pa mun nag thams cad nges par 'joms pa'i blo|A bodhisattva.
mun pa mun nag|A region where the sun and moon do not shine.
mun pa thams cad 'joms pa|A buddha.
mun pa thams cad sel ba'i mar me|A bodhisattva.
mun par mdzes ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs; the name seems to be synonymous with Tamasundarī.
mun pa|One of the rāśis.
mun pa|The name of a nāga lady.
mun pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
mun pa|One of the three principles or forces of nature, as known in the Sāṃkhya philosophy, characterized by heaviness and inertia.
mun sel|A buddha in the past.
mun sel|One of the five celestial bodhisattvas associated with Mañjuśrī.
mun|One of the eight nāga ladies.
mya ngan 'das pa grags|Son of the buddha Arhatkīrti.
mya ngan 'das pa'i snying po|Attendant of the buddha Sumitra.
mya ngan 'das stegs bzang po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Janendrarāja.
mya ngan 'tshang|A species of flowering tree.
mya ngan 'tshang|Birthplace of the buddha Aśoka.
mya ngan 'tshang|Saraca asoca. The aromatic blossoms of this plant are clustered together as orange, yellow, and red bunches of petals.
mya ngan bral ba|“Without Suffering.”
mya ngan bral|Birthplace of the buddha Śobhita.
mya ngan bral|Attendant of the buddha Guṇaskandha.
mya ngan bral|A Magadhan king, possibly the successor of Udayin.
mya ngan bral|The 890th buddha in the first list, 889th in the second list, and 880th in the third list.
mya ngan bral|Lit. “Free from Sorrow.” Name of one of four gardens in the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
mya ngan bral|Son of King Lion Glory, who, together with his brother Aśoka, became a monk and a bodhisattva of the thus-gone King of Bliss. Finally, he became the buddha known as Supreme Accumulations.
mya ngan bsring ba|This is likely a pre-reform expression. We were unable to determine the exact meaning of this Tibetan expression, and we did not find it used elsewhere in either the Kangyur or the Tengyur. In the Dictionary of Old Tibetan Orthography (Tib. bod yig brda rnying tshig mdzod) by rnam rgyal tshe ring (2001), we find the entry {nyon mongs bzod}; one who endures hardship or suffering, as an older Tibetan expression for a monk or nun (Tib. {dge slong gi ming}). Thus, one literal translation that we are proposing for this expression is “one who sustains (or endures) suffering (or hardship).” Comparison with similar contexts in related texts (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh338.html, F.278.a) and passim, i.e., where we find {rab tu byung ba tshul dang ldan pa rnams} etc. instead, suggests that the expression may be a collective term for those who have entered the path to liberation (Skt. āryapudgala; Pāli ariyapuggala) or for the Buddhist saṅgha generally. See also “those who have entered the path of liberation.”
mya ngan byin|Father of the buddha Balatejojñāna.
mya ngan dang bral ba|A buddha.
mya ngan dang bral|Birthplace of the buddha Aśoka.
mya ngan dang gnod pa thams cad las 'das pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Branch Guru. Alternative name for the world system Liberation from All Sorrow and Harm.
mya ngan dang gnod pa thams cad las rgal ba|A buddha realm.
mya ngan dang gnod pa thams cad las sgrol ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Branch Guru. Alternate name for the world system Beyond All Sorrow and Harm.
mya ngan dang gnod pa thams cad yongs su spangs|A buddha realm.
mya ngan dang mun pa thams cad 'joms pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
mya ngan dang mun pa thams cad dang bral ba'i 'jig rten|The name of a world system in the western direction.
mya ngan gyi mun pa thams cad nges par 'joms pa|A great bodhisattva.
mya ngan gyi mun pa thams cad rnam par sel ba|A bodhisattva.
mya ngan gyi mun pa thams cad sel ba'i blo gros|The name of a bodhisattva. “Intelligence Dispelling All Darkness of Sorrow.”
mya ngan las 'das pa chen po|The full awakening of a buddha. A synonym of parinirvāṇa
mya ngan las 'das pa'i gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Smṛtīndra.
mya ngan las 'das pa'i me tog|Son of the buddha Dīptatejas.
mya ngan las 'das pa'i me tog|Attendant of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
mya ngan las 'das pa|Final liberation from suffering. The Sanskrit literally means “extinguishment” and the Tibetan “the transcendence of suffering.”
mya ngan las 'das pa|The Sanskrit means “extinguishment,” for the causes for saṃsāra are “extinguished.” The Tibetan means “the transcendence of suffering.”
mya ngan las 'das pa|The state of “extinction,” said to be blissful and inviolable, where the afflictions are extinguished and one is not subject to ever be born again.
mya ngan las 'das pa|Final liberation from suffering. In the Hinayāna it is believed attainable by turning away from the world of living beings and transcending all afflictions and selfishnesses through meditative trances. In the Mahāyāna, it is believed attainable only by the attainment of buddhahood, the nondual realization of the indivisibility of life and liberation, and the all-powerful compassion that establishes all living beings simultaneously in their own liberations.
mya ngan las 'das pa|The Sanskrit term signifies the extinction of the causes of suffering, whereas the Tibetan term emphasizes the fact that suffering has been transcended. Three types of nirvāṇa are identified: (1) the residual nirvāṇa where the person is still dependent on conditioned psycho-physical aggregates, (2) the non-residual nirvāṇa where the aggregates have also been consumed within emptiness, and (3) the non-abiding nirvāṇa transcending the extremes of phenomenal existence and quiescence.
mya ngan las 'das pa|Literally “extinction,” the state beyond sorrow, it refers to the ultimate attainment of buddhahood, the permanent cessation of all suffering and of the afflicted mental states that lead to suffering. Three types of nirvāṇa are identified: (1) the residual nirvāṇa where the person is still dependent on conditioned psycho-physical aggregates, (2) the non-residual nirvāṇa where the aggregates have also been consumed within emptiness, and (3) the non-abiding nirvāṇa transcending the extremes of phenomenal existence and quiescence. See also “parinirvāṇa.”
mya ngan las 'das|Extinction of suffering.
mya ngan med byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prabhūta.
mya ngan med cing rdul dang bral ba|“Without misery, free of dust.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
mya ngan med dga'|Father of the buddha Brahmā.
mya ngan med dga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nikhiladarśin (199 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mya ngan med dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Merudhvaja.
mya ngan med kyis byin pa|A great bodhisattva.
mya ngan med lha|Son of the buddha Vīryadatta.
mya ngan med ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
mya ngan med mchog dpal|The thus-gone one residing in the buddhafield Without Anguish.
mya ngan med pa'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Oṣadhi.
mya ngan med pa'i blo gros|A buddha realm.
mya ngan med pa'i blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
mya ngan med pa'i dpal|The name of a bodhisattva.
mya ngan med pa'i dpal|Goddess of the assembly hall in Kapilavastu.
mya ngan med pa'i dpal|A buddha who lives in a southeastern buddha realm called Moonlight.
mya ngan med pa'i dpal|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
mya ngan med pa'i dpal|Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
mya ngan med pa'i dpal|Lit. “Glorious without Sorrow.” A buddha in a world system called Sarva śokāpagata, in the southern direction.
mya ngan med pa'i me tog|Attendant of the buddha Padmākṣa.
mya ngan med pa'i rgyal po|Birthplace of the buddha Vijita.
mya ngan med pa'i ri bo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhaketu.
mya ngan med par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Harivaktra.
mya ngan med pas byin|A bodhisattva of the south.
mya ngan med pas byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Somaraśmi.
mya ngan med pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Created with Joy.
mya ngan med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Varuṇa.
mya ngan med pa|A buddhafield in the southeastern direction of the Tathāgata Conqueror of All Sorrow.
mya ngan med pa|(1) Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Created with Joy. (2) Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Leader of Heroes.
mya ngan med pa|“Free from Sorrow.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Sarva śokāpagata, in the southern direction, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
mya ngan med pa|Son of King Lion Glory, who, together with his brother Vigataśoka, became a monk and a bodhisattva of the thus-gone King of Bliss. Finally, he became the buddha known as Array of the Perfect Assembly.
mya ngan med shing|Saraca indica.
mya ngan med|An emperor of the Maurya dynasty who ruled much of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 bce.
mya ngan med|Saraca asoca. The aromatic blossoms of this plant are clustered together as orange, yellow, and red bunches of petals.
mya ngan med|Lit. “Without Sorrow.” Name of one of four gardens in the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
mya ngan med|A future buddha.\nNot to be confused with the young brahmin Aśoka who was Buddha Kāśyapa’s best friend prior to his enlightenment, nor with King Aśoka who does not appear in this text.
mya ngan med|The historical Indian king of the Maurya dynasty who ruled over most of India c. 268–232 bce. In this text he appears to be briefly referenced as the biological father of the prince Suckler of the Earth Breast, adopted as the Chinese prince who, according to this text, is said to have been the first person to settle in Khotan.
mya ngan med|Young brahmin who was Buddha Kāśyapa’s best friend prior to his enlightenment. The Hundred Deeds is not clear on this point, but Edgerton notes that Aśoka is understood as the nephew and disciple of Buddha Kāśyapa (Edgerton 80.2).\nNot to be confused with the future buddha Aśoka, nor with the historical King Aśoka who does not appear in this text.
mya ngan mun pa sel ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Priyaṅgama (929 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mya ngan rgal|The 936th buddha in the first list, 935th in the second list, and 926th in the third list.
mya ngan rnam par 'tshang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Śrotriya.
mya ngan sel ba bag tsha ba med pa thob pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Smṛtiprabha.
mya ngan sel ba|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
mya ngan sel|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhagati.
mya ngan sel|Birthplace of the buddha Aśokarāṣṭra.
mya ngan sel|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nikhiladarśin.
mya ngan sel|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
mya ngan spong|Mother of the buddha Aśoka.
mya ngan spong|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Devaraśmi (668 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
mya ngan thams cad bcom pa|A tathāgata in the southeastern buddhafield Sorrowless.
mya ngan thams cad dang bral ba|A buddha realm.
mya ngan thams cad gtong|Mother of the buddha Aśoka.
mya ngan thams cad las rgal ba|The name of a world system in the northeastern direction.
mya ngan thams cad las yang dag par 'das pa|A buddha in the eastern direction.
mya ngan thams cad med pa|Lit. “Free from All Sorrow.” A world system in the southern direction, where the buddha Aśokaśrī dwells.
mya ngan thams cad sel mdzad|A buddha.
mya ngan|“Without Suffering.”
mya ngan|Attendant of the buddha Nikhiladarśin.
myang ngan bral|A mansion in the forest Endowed with Everything.
myi dmyigs pa'i spyan|A buddha in a northeastern realm.
myi pham sde|A householder, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 51.
myig bzang|A rākṣasa door guardian of the bodhisattva meeting hall in chapter 44.
myig gsum pa|A land in the south of India.
myos 'gro 'dul|A pleasure garden in Enraptured by and Attached to Song.
myos byed kyi tshal|A grove in Mutual Liking.
myos gnas|A forest in Distinguished in Many Colorful Ways.
myos med|Father of the buddha Cīrṇaprabha.
myos pa med pa|A river in the Swan Forest.
myos pa sgo nga las skyes pa|A forest on Tamer of Deer Enemies.
myos pa spong|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mānajaha (886 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
myos pa'i rtsa ba|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
myu gu|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
myur ba'i chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
myur du byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
myur gdug|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
myur mgyogs ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
nA Do DI na|A mountain in Godānīya.
nA ga da ma na ka|Sansevieria roxburghiana.
nA ga ge sa ra|Mesua ferrea; cobra’s saffron.
nA ga pi la|Grewia hirsuta.
nA ga ra|One of the charnel grounds.
nA ga|A class of snake-like beings.
nA la ti|A town in ancient India where this sūtra is taught.
nI la kaN Tha|Literally “Blue Throat,” he is associated with the legend of the churning of the great ocean. In the Buddhist context he is Vajrapāṇi, and in the Hindu context, Śiva. In the AP the name may refer to one of the lokeśvara emanations of Avalokiteśvara.
na ba ma li ka|Jasminum arborescens. A species of jasmine that is a shrub and does not twine or climb. Its other common name is navamallika.
na bza' dkar|A female buddha of the lotus family.
na bza'|The undergarment covering the lower body. One of the three Dharma robes (tricīvara, {chos gos gsum}).
na hu sha|A legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
na la da|Śāriputra’s birthplace in Magadha. King Bimbisāra granted Śāriputra’s grandfather Māṭhara and father Tiṣya rights to this village as a victor’s spoils after debates held in his presence.
na la da|Identified as Nardostachys jatamansi, or Indian spikenard, a plant recognized for its medicinal properties in the Atharvaveda and Suśrutasaṃhitā. The Sanskrit epic poem called Naiṣadhacarita identifies this plant as the root of Andropogon muricatus. A number of classical Sanskrit lexicographers identify this plant as the blossom of Hibiscus rosa sinensis.
na la ti|A town in ancient India where this sūtra is taught.
na lan da|A village in Magadha.
na las byin|Name of a bodhisattva.
na li ke ra|The name of an island.
na ma gru ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
na pa ma li ka|Jasminum arborescens. A species of jasmine that is a shrub and does not twine or climb. Its other common name is navamallika.
na ro pa|Indian scholar and practitioner (956 - 1041), a major figure in the transmission of tantric Buddhism to Tibet; earlier in his life he was an important paṇḍita of Nālandā, but left to become a yogi and siddha, the student of Tilopā, and later the teacher of Kukkuripa, Marpa, and others.
na tshod bzang po|Father of the buddha Oṣadhi.
na tshod bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhadaṃṣṭra.
na tshod bzang|Father of the buddha Girikūṭaketu.
na tshod bzang|The 305th buddha in the first list, 304th in the second list, and 299th in the third list.
nab so|Son of the buddha Candra.
nab so|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; the name of a pair of nakṣatras.
nab so|A nāga. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2562 .
nab so|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Beta Geminorum in the occidental tradition.
nab so|One of the notorious “group of six’ monks whose antics and heavy-handed interference prompted a great many of the Buddha’s injunctions on conduct. Also known as Punarvasuka.
nabs so|Son of the buddha Vimala.
nabs so|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣya.
nad 'joms par byed pa|Possibly Cathartocarpus fistula.
nad gtong ba la dga' ba|A class of asuras.
nad kU be ra|A variant spelling of Naḍakūbara.
nad med|Son of the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa.
nad mtha' byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
nad slong|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
nad thams cad gso bar byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
nad thams cad gso bar byed pa|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
nad thams cad pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
nad yan|A great bodhisattva.
nad|Disease; also a spirit causing disease.
nad|Disease or sickness; also a class of mischievous spirits.
nag mo bzang mo|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
nag mo chen mo|A goddess; one of Durgā’s attendants.
nag mo che|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
nag mo khol|Kālidāsa (c. fourth–fifth century ce) was one of India’s greatest poets. He is the author of Cloud Messenger (Skt. Meghadūta, Tib. sprin gyi pho nya), a work that exerted a major influence on Tibet’s poetic tradition, and a praise to Sarasvatī called https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3704.html (Toh 3704).
nag mo|A goddess; a rākṣasī in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559); https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html one of Durgā’s attendants.
nag mtshur|Iron sulfate or ferrous sulphate, also known in the past as copperas. A blue-green powder that has had many uses including being used in the process of refining gold through solutions of gold and green vitriol.
nag pa glang chen gnas|In Rājagṛha, the son of King Bimbisāra’s elephant trainer Elephant Heart. He is tricked into giving back his precepts, then becomes ordained once again.
nag pa|The name of a nakṣatra.
nag pa|Citra Mounted on an Elephant’s name in a former life.
nag pa|The twelfth (sometimes the fourteenth) lunar asterism.
nag pa|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Spica (alpha Virginis) in the occidental tradition.
nag po 'khyil ba|A river to the south of Jambudvīpa.
nag po bzang|A river in the country of Benighted in the distant future.
nag po chen po|The wrathful form of Śiva; also a wrathful Buddhist deity.
nag po chen po|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nag po chen po|A Buddhist protector deity; also the name of one of the attendants on Śiva.
nag po chen po|‟Great Death.” Most often considered a wrathful form of Avalokiteśvara, in the Bhūta ḍāmara Tantra he is one of the wrathful forms of Śiva.
nag po chen po|Mahākāla (“the great black one”) is both a name for one of the god Śiva’s wrathful manifestations and an important Buddhist protector deity. The Mahābhārata and Harivaṁśa list Mahākāla as one of Śiva's attendants.
nag po chen po|Not to be confused with the protectors in the later higher tantras in this sūtra, or with Śiva who also has this name (though then it has the alternative meaning of “Great Time”), in the Kāraṇḍavyūha these are dangerous spirits. Elsewhere they are also said to be servants of Śiva, which may be the meaning here as they are grouped with the mātṛ goddesses.
nag po gsus pa|(1) An area in Kuru ({nag po gsus pa}). 2. One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment. ({lto gnag}), also called Raven’s Belly.
nag po rdo rje|An 11th or 12th century Buddhist commentator. Wrote Recollection: a commentary on the Mahāmāyā Tantra.
nag po thod pa can|One of the deities invited to partake in the oblation offering.
nag po'i cha byad 'chang|An elephant.
nag po'i kun dga' ra ba|Grove offered to the Buddha by Kālaka, a wealthy man of Sāketa.
nag po'i phyogs|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
nag po'i phyogs|The army, divisions, or factions of Māra, the deity who personifies spiritual death; from Māra’s point of view, this is the “white faction.” Also refers to the dark fortnight of the lunar month.
nag po|The son of Anāthapiṇḍada (Pali: Anāthapindika), the merchant who donated to the Buddha the land for the Jetavana Monastery.
nag po|Kāla was the son of Anāthapiṇḍada (Pali: Anāthapindika), the merchant who donated to the Buddha the land for the Jetavana Monastery.
nag po|A certain nāga king who praised Gautama prior to his enlightenment.\nNot to be confused with Black ({nag po}), the yakṣa; nor with Black ({nag po}), the brahmin.
nag po|A certain yakṣa tamed by the Buddha and subsequently sworn to protect the people of Rājagṛha.\nNot to be confused with Black the brahmin who also appears in his story, nor with Kāla the nāga king.
nag po|A certain dark-complected brahmin youth who became a sage, then heard the Dharma from the Buddha, became ordained, and manifested arhatship.\nNot to be confused with Black the yakṣa who also appears in his story, nor with Kāla the nāga king (whose name in Tib. is the same {nag po}).
nag po|The Kāla Mountains of Bhāratvarṣa (i.e., India) are listed in the Mahābhārata as the mountain ranges Vindhya (separating the Deccan from north India), Mahendra (the eastern Ghats), Malaya (southern half of the Western Ghats), Sahya (the northern half of the Western Ghats), Rakṣavat (northeast extension of the Vindhya), Pāripātra, and the Sūktimat (or Śuktimat), which is presumably another name for the one remaining significant mountain range, the Arbuda in the northwest.
nag tsho lo tsA ba|1011–1064. His personal name was Tsultrim Gyalwa ({tshul khrims rgyal ba}). A translator who brought Atiśa to Tibet and wrote an important record of his travels to India.
nags dmar po|A forest in Moving in Mixed Environments.
nags kyi me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin (676 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nags kyi phreng ba|A mountain on Videha.
nags kyi rgyal po|One of the māras.
nags ldan|A yakṣa.
nags mngon par dga' ba|A city in Videha.
nags na 'byung ba|A river on Great Slope.
nags sbyin|A monk disciple of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nags tshal 'od zer|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
nags tshal gyi lha|A class of spirit being.
nags tshal gyi me mun pa ltar 'khrigs pa|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
nags tshal mdzes|A queen of Rāhu, king of asuras.
nags tshal mes mched pa'i rgyud lta bu|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
nags tshal na gnas pa|A region in South India.
nags tshal rab gnas|A buddha realm.
nai ka sha|The country where Śākyamuni descended to the earth after preaching to his deceased mother in Indra’s heaven.
nai ran dza nA|A river that passes Bodhgaya.
nam 'gru|A śrāvaka, the youngest brother of Śāriputra. Also known as Khadiravanīya. Elsewhere translated as {nam gru}.
nam gru som nyi can|An nickname of Revata, a disciple of the Buddha.
nam gru|The youngest brother of Śāriputra.
nam gru|A follower of Śāriputra (Malalasekera).
nam gru|The name of a nakṣatra; also a yakṣiṇī invoked in magical rites.
nam gru|An important follower of the Buddha and younger brother of Śāriputra.
nam gru|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Zeta Pisicum in the occidental tradition.
nam gru|A śrāvaka, the youngest brother of Śāriputra. Also known as Khadiravanīya. Elsewhere translated as nam gru.
nam mkha rnam dag spyod pa|A great bodhisattva.
nam mkha' bkod pa'i nga ro|A buddha.
nam mkha' dang mtshungs pa|Lit. “sky-like.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nam mkha' dga'|Mother of the buddha Rāhu sūrya garbha.
nam mkha' khyab par byed pa|Name of the twenty-second meditative stability.
nam mkha' khyab par byed pa|Lit. “pervading space.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nam mkha' la bsgrags pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nam mkha' la gnas pa|A class of asuras.
nam mkha' la gnas pa|A buddha in the southern direction.
nam mkha' la rgyu bar byed pa|A class of vidyādharas.
nam mkha' lding|A class of divine being described as an eagle-type bird with a gigantic wingspan. They were traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they were thought to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth
nam mkha' lding|A class of nonhuman beings described as eagle-type birds with a gigantic wingspan. They were traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they were thought to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth.
nam mkha' lding|A class of supernatural being described as an eagle-type bird with a gigantic wingspan. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are thought to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth.
nam mkha' lding|Lower class of divine being, described as an eagle-like bird with a gigantic wing span. They were traditionally enemies of the nāgas . In the Vedas, they were thought to have brought ambrosia from the heavens to Earth.
nam mkha' lding|A class of nonhuman supernatural beings that have the form of eagle-type birds with gigantic wingspans. They are traditionally considered enemies of the nāgas. Garuḍa can also be used as a proper name for a king of such creatures.
nam mkha' lding|In Indian religious mythology, the garuḍa is a eagle-like sun bird with an enormous wingspan that is regarded as the king of all birds. They are traditionally enemies of the nāgas. In the Vedas, they are said to have brought nectar from the heavens to earth.
nam mkha' ltar 'dus pa'i bza' ston 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
nam mkha' ltar chags pa med la rnam par grol zhing gos pa med pa|Name of the 111th meditative stability.
nam mkha' ltar chags pa med pas rnam par grol zhing gos pa med pa|Lit. “unattached, liberated, and uncovered like space.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nam mkha' mdzes pa'i rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
nam mkha' mdzod gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
nam mkha' mdzod|An absorption.
nam mkha' mdzod|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
nam mkha' mdzod|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nam mkha' mdzod|In the Kāraṇḍavyūha it is the name of both a bodhisattva and a samādhi. In this sūtra the bodhisattva is a pupil of Buddha Viśvabhū, but he is also portrayed in other sūtras receiving teaching from Śākyamuni, and is one of the sixteen bodhisattvas in the Vairocana maṇḍala.
nam mkha' mtha' yas pa'i skye mched|The first of the four states of imperturbability. In the formless realm (Skt. ārūpyadhātu), no bodies or materiality of any kind exist, only mind; rebirth there is the result of accomplishing four formless meditative absorptions (Skt. ārūpya samāpatti; five absorptions, i.e., if one includes the stage of Skt. saṃjñā-vedayita-nirodha or nirodhasamāpatti).
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched bsgrubs te gnas pa|Fourth of the eight aspects of liberation. Also the fifth of the nine serial steps of meditative absorption.
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched kyi snyoms 'jug|First of the four meditative absorptions.
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched la gnas pa|Seventh of the eight sense fields of mastery. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-209 .
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched|A formless state, either a meditative state or its resultant realm of existence, i.e., a class of deities of the formless realm.
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched|First of the four heavens of the formless realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing one of the formless meditative absorptions.
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched|Alt. “the activity field infinite as boundless space” (Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary). Here the Blessed One begins an enumeration of the four formless realm states.
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched|Name of the first of the four formless realms and of the first formless meditative absorption, so termed because in its preparatory phase limitless space is the object of meditation.
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched|First of the four formless realms. The term also refers to the class of gods that dwell there and the name of the first of the four formless absorptions. The other three realms are the station of endless consciousness, the station of nothing-at-all, and the station of neither perception nor nonperception.
nam mkha' mtha' yas skye mched|The first of the four states of imperturbability. In the formless realm (Skt. ārūpyadhātu), no bodies or materiality of any kind exist, only mind; rebirth there is the result of accomplishing four formless meditative absorptions (Skt. ārūpya samāpatti; five absorptions, i.e., if one includes the stage of Skt. saṃjñā-vedayita-nirodha or nirodhasamāpatti).
nam mkha' mtha' yas|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
nam mkha' mtshungs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nāgaruta (948 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nam mkha' mu med pa|Lit. “limitless sky.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nam mkha' ring ba|An area in Eyes Beyond the World.
nam mkha' rnam dag mngon 'phags dpal gyi rgyal po|A buddha in the eastern direction.
nam mkha' rnam dag spyod pa|A great bodhisattva.
nam mkha' rnam par dag pa|A buddha realm.
nam mkha' rtog pa med pa|Lit. “inconceivable sky.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nam mkha' snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Religious Practice.
nam mkha' snying po|One of the eight main bodhisattvas, the heart sons of the Buddha.
nam mkha' yongs su brgyan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Lamp of the Sky of Dharma. Likely the same as the world system Palmyra Trees Reaching the Sky.
nam mkha'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
nam mkha'i blo gros|A nobleman in the retinue of the Buddha.
nam mkha'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnaketu.
nam mkha'i blo|A bodhisattva present with the Buddha at Śrāvastī, and also the name of a buddha in the distant past.
nam mkha'i blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Akṣobhya (776 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nam mkha'i dbyangs kyi sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
nam mkha'i dbyangs|A god.
nam mkha'i dbyangs|Name of a nāga king. Also known as Gaganasvara.
nam mkha'i dbyangs|The 968th buddha in the first list, 967th in the second list, and 958th in the third list.
nam mkha'i dbyangs|The eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past, and also the name of the sixty-second buddha in another kalpa. The Tibetan has {dbyings} in error for {dbyangs} for the sixty-second buddha.
nam mkha'i dkyil 'khor 'od zer|A buddha.
nam mkha'i dkyil 'khor rnam par dag pa|A buddha realm.
nam mkha'i dkyil dri ma med pa rnam par sems pa|The tathāgata of the northeastern buddhafield Pure Immaculate Dwelling.
nam mkha'i dpal|A buddha.
nam mkha'i dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
nam mkha'i dri ma|A town in Videha.
nam mkha'i gnas la gnas pa|Lit. “abiding in space.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nam mkha'i gzhi|The eleventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
nam mkha'i khams mu med pa|Lit. “limitless space element.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nam mkha'i lding mo|Female garuḍa.
nam mkha'i lding|The name of a garuḍa.
nam mkha'i lding|A class of nonhuman beings, half-human and half-bird.
nam mkha'i ma mo|“Sky mother”; a class of female spirits.
nam mkha'i mdzod ye shes bsgribs pa med pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
nam mkha'i mdzod|A bodhisattva.
nam mkha'i mdzod|Father of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.
nam mkha'i mdzod|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
nam mkha'i me tog|Metaphorical expression for something unreal, illusionary.
nam mkha'i mig|A bodhisattva.
nam mkha'i myig|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
nam mkha'i nga ro|A buddha.
nam mkha'i ngos las 'gro ba|An epithet, given to the seer Vyāsa, that alludes to the association of the Vedic seers with a range of astronomical phenomena. Like the figure of the siddha, the great seers can also be understood as beings who dwell “in the vault of the heavens,” which symbolizes their ascension to a semidivine status through the practice of intense asceticism.
nam mkha'i phyag|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nam mkha'i rigs kyi khyu mchog|A buddha.
nam mkha'i rigs|A buddha realm.
nam mkha'i sgron ma|The sixty-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
nam mkha'i shes rab po|A buddha in the distant past.
nam mkha'i shing|Name of a mercenary demon.
nam mkha'i snying po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
nam mkha'i snying po|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nam mkha'i snying po|One of the eight great bodhisattvas, his name means “Essence of Space.”
nam mkha'i snying po|A bodhisattva residing in a buddha realm in the northern direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nam mkha'i snying po|The titular figure of the present sūtra. An important bodhisattva, his name means “essence of space.” He is one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha.”
nam mkha'i snying po|An important bodhisattva, his name means “essence of space.” He is one of the “eight great close sons” (aṣṭa mahopa putra, {nye ba'i sras chen brgyad}).
nam mkha'i sprin gyi dpal|The forty-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Gagana megha śirī.
nam mkha'i stobs|A class of vidyādharas.
nam mkha'i thugs|A buddha in the distant past.
nam mkha'i tog|A buddha.
nam mkha'i tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nam mkha'i ye shes don gyi sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
nam mkha'|Eighth-century Tibetan editor of Toh 21.
nam mkha'|A king in King of Thunderous Voice’s buddha realm.
nam mkha'|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nam mkha'|Epithet of Ākāśagarbha, one of the eight great bodhisattvas.
nam mkha'|The 766th buddha in the first list, 765th in the second list, and 755th in the third list.
nam mkha'|The Sanskrit text has “gaganaṃ,” signifying this epithet of Ākāśagarbha, one of the eight great bodhisattvas, while the Tibetan uses an abbreviated form of the Tibetan translation of Ākāśagarbha, {nam mkha'i snying po}.
nam par sangs pa'i blo|A bodhisattva.
nan di ke shwa ra|This seems to be another name of Nandi, Śiva’s bull.
nan khugs|A householder, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 29.
nan tur gyi las|A formal act of the saṅgha requiring a act whose fourth member is a motion, meted out to a wayward monk or monks. There are five types: acts of censure, chastening, expulsion, reconciliation, and suspension.
nang dang phyi'i dngos po|Various inner bodily parts and outer material things that may be requested from bodhisattvas.
nang du yang dag 'jog la gnas pa|One of a number of lifestyles that Buddhist monks might adopt, it is particularly conducive to practicing meditation and is thus associated with monks who valued meditation as an integral part of their lives as ascetics. The Tibetan {nang du yang dag 'jog pa} can correspond to the Sanskrit pratisaṃlāyana or pratisaṁlīna.
nang du yang dag 'jog pa|This term can mean both physical seclusion and a meditative state of withdrawal.
nang du yang dag 'jog|This term can mean both physical seclusion and a meditative state of withdrawal. It often refers specifically to the practice of calm abiding (śamatha) and special insight (vipaśyanā).
nang du yang dag par 'jog pa|Appearing in the Mahā vyutpatti as a type of dhyāna, this term is used in The Hundred Deeds to signify a period of secluded meditation retreat.
nang du yang dag par 'jog pa|This term can mean both physical seclusion and a meditative state of withdrawal. It often refers specifically to the practice of calm abiding (śamatha) and special insight (vipaśyanā).
nang ga|A river.
nang gi skye mched drug|The six inner sense fields, as listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-148 , comprise (1) the sense field of the eyes, (2) the sense field of the ears, (3) the sense field of the nose, (4) the sense field of the tongue, (5) the sense field of the body, and (6) the sense field of the mental faculty. These are part of the twelve sense fields.
nang gzugs med par 'du shes pas phyi rol gyi gzugs rnams la lta ba|Second of the eight aspects of liberation.
nang na me mdag yod pa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
nang rab tu 'byed pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its fourth week.
nang stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
nang stong pa nyid|First of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
nang stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
nang yangs pa|A lake in Supreme Strength.
nar ma dA|A river to the south of Jambudvīpa.
nar ma dA|A river in the Deccan (the modern Nerbudda).
nas kyi gling|Literally “The Barley Islands,” this refers to the land of the Greeks, whose empire at one time extended along the northern coasts of the Persian gulf as far as India.
nas|Twenty-third of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ne bai pA la|(1) A king of the Pāla dynasty who ruled from 1077–1120 ce ({rA ma phA la}). (2) The alternate spelling, {ne bai pA la}, is tentatively identified to be the very same king of the Pāla dynasty. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-8447 .
ne tso'am ci|Butea monosperma, Butea frondosa, and Erythrina monosperma. A tree that grows up to 15 meters tall and has bright red flowers. Other names include parrot tree, bastard teak, dhak (Hindi), palas (Hindi), porasum (Tamil); and khakda (Gujarati).
ne tso|Twentieth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ne'u le nag po lta bu|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
ne'u mkhan po|A Tibetan teacher and author active in the thirteenth century, associated with Tharpa Lotsāwa and best known for his historical works, although he also appears in some lineage records for the transmission of the Pratimokṣa vows, as suggested in the colophon of this text. Also known as Nelpa Paṇḍita Drakpa Mönlam Lodrö ({nel pa paN+Di ta grags pa smon lam blo gros}).
nel pa pandi ta|A 13th century Tibetan historian. Personal name: Drakpa Mönlam Lodrö ({grags pa smon lam blo gros}).
nem nur gcod pa|Lit. “that cuts off doubt.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nem nur rnam par sel ba|Name of the eightieth meditative stability.
nem nur rnam par sel ba|Lit. “eliminator of doubts.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nga las nu|A legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
nga las nu|A wheel-turning king who was the Buddha in a former life.
nga las nu|(1) A powerful king whose good deeds lent splendor to the Pleasure Grove Park. (2) A universal monarch.
nga rgyal 'joms|One of the kings of the nāgas.
nga rgyal bcad|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratna svara ghoṣa.
nga rgyal can|One of the kings of the nāgas.
nga rgyal can|Son of the buddha Puṇyahastin.
nga rgyal dang rgyags pa las rnam par grol ba|Mother of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
nga rgyal ldog pa|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
nga rgyal ljon shing ma|Mother of the buddha Puṃgava.
nga rgyal rnam par 'joms|A bodhisattva.
nga rgyal rtags kyi gzi brjid|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
nga rgyal spong|The 896th buddha in the first list, 895th in the second list, and 886th in the third list.
nga rgyal|Literally, “I king.” Arrogance or egocentrism.
nga rgyal|Fourth of the five fetters associated with the higher realms.
nga rgyal|The Abhidharmakośa (Toh 4089, 5.10)https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html lists seven types of pride: (1) pride (Tib. {nga rgyal}; Skt. māna), (2) exaggerating pride (Tib. {lhag pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. adhimāna), (3) outrageous pride (Tib. {nga rgyal las kyang nga rgyal}; Skt. mānātimāna), (4) egoistic pride (Tib. {nga'o snyam pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. asmimāna), (5) arrogating pride (Tib. {mngon pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. abhimāna), (6) pride of feeling inferior (Tib. {cung zad snyam pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. ūnamāna), and (7) unfounded pride (Tib. {log pa'i nga rgyal}; Skt. mithyāmāna).
nga ro 'bar|A great bodhisattva.
nga ro 'jam pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.
nga ro bde|Son of the buddha Varabodhigati.
nga ro bsdams|A buddha.
nga ro can|A buddha realm.
nga ro can|Attendant of the buddha Ratnaketu.
nga ro chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahendra.
nga ro chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nāgadatta (550 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nga ro dpag med|The 723rd buddha in the first list, 722nd in the second list, and 712th in the third list.
nga ro dpag tu med|A great bodhisattva.
nga ro gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhadhvaja (66 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nga ro mchog|Father of the buddha Viśiṣṭa svarāṅga.
nga ro mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
nga ro mtha' yas|Mother of the buddha Amṛta.
nga ro rnam dag|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusumaprabha (831 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nga ro sbyangs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇya (978 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nga ro snyan pa'i seng ge'i sgra|Mother of the buddha Priyābha.
nga ro snyan|Mother of the buddha Daśavaśa.
nga ro snyan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita.
nga ro snyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃha (6) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nga ro thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahendra.
nga ro tshangs pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃha.
nga ro yid bzang|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
nga ro yod pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
nga ro'i mchog grub pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati.
nga yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas so|First of the Buddha’s four assurances.
nga zag pa zad pa do|Second of the Buddha’s four assurances.
ngag 'jam brjod pa'i tshig can|Mother of the buddha Saṃtoṣaṇa.
ngag bkyal ba|Seventh of ten non-virtuous actions.
ngag dbang|A disciple of the Buddha.
ngag gi dbang phyug ma chen mo|Goddess of learning; in the SEV she is associated with Tārā; she is also one the four retinue goddesses of Siddhaikavīra.
ngag gi las thams cad ye shes sngon du 'gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su 'brang ba|Fourteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
ngag gi rnam bzhi|The four sinful or nonvirtuous verbal actions, namely telling lies, using abusive language, slandering others, and indulging in irrelevant talk. Their counterparts are the four wholesome or virtuous actions of speech, namely, not telling falsehoods, not using abusive language, not slandering others, and not indulging in irrelevant talk.
ngag gi skyon rnam par 'jig pas nam mkha' ltar gyur pa|Name of the 110th meditative stability.
ngag ki skyon rnam par 'jig pas nam mkha' ltar gyur pa|Lit. “destroying verbal flaws, it is like space.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ngag kyal|The fourth among the four misdeeds of speech.
ngal ba|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
ngal bso po|As one of the Four Mahārājas, he is the lord of the northern region of the world and the northern continent, though in early Buddhism he is the lord of the far north of India and beyond. He is also the lord of the yakṣas and a lord of wealth. Translated in other sūtras as {rnam thos kyi bu} and {mchog gi gzugs}.
ngam grog gsum po|The name of a country once located in the Punjab region, frequently mentioned in epic and purāṇic literature.
ngan 'gro gsum|The animal, preta, and hell realms.
ngan 'gro gsum|The realms of hell beings, pretas and animals.
ngan 'gro skem|A bodhisattva.
ngan 'gro|Lower rebirths within cyclic existence.
ngan 'gro|The realms of hell beings, pretas, and animals.
ngan 'gro|A collective name for the realms of animals, hungry ghosts, and denizens of the hells.
ngan 'gro|The three lower realms of animals, pretas, and hell beings. Also translated as “sad destinies” and “miserable destinies.”
ngan 'gro|Rebirth in one of the three lower states of existence, namely, the hell realm, the realm of hungry ghosts, or the animal realm.
ngan 'gro|A collective name for the realms of animals, pretas, and hell beings. The term is also referred to in this translation as “evil state.”
ngan par 'gro|The so-called lower realms of rebirth (see unfortunate rebirth destinies).
ngan pa|Lacking knowledge of or being ignorant [of the Dharma]. J. S. Negi (Negi 935, s.v. {ngan pa}) cites a few instances where Tibetan {ngan pa} represents the Sanskrit semantic field “lack of understanding,” e.g., Bodhi caryāvatāra (Tib. {ngan pa}; Skt. ajñaḥ “not knowing,” “devoid of knowledge,” “stupid,” “foolish,” etc.); Jātakamālā (Tib. {ngan pa}; Skt. jaḍā matiḥ “dull,” “stupid,” “irrational”); Avadāna kalpalatā (Tib. {ngan pa}; Skt. mūrkhāḥ “stupid, dull-headed; a fool”). Context suggests that this is one sense of {ngan pa} in Exposition of Karma when it talks about the Dharma and knowledge thereof. Also translated here as “bad deed.”\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-039.html#UT22084-072-039-88 .
ngan song bzhi|Four undesirable states of rebirth: within the hells, as a preta, as an animal, and as an asura.
ngan song gsum|The animal, preta, and hell realms.
ngan song gsum|A collective name for the realms of animals, anguished spirits, and denizens of the hells.
ngan song las 'das par sems pa|Son of the buddha Devarāja.
ngan song rab tu 'joms pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
ngan song rnam par sbyong ba|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
ngan song sel|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
ngan song spong ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigataśoka (880 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ngan song spong|The name of a bodhisattva.
ngan song spong|Son of the buddha Pradīparāja.
ngan song spong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sārodgata.
ngan song spong|Negi gives the Skt. apāyajaha for {ngan song spong 'joms pa}, where it refers to the name of a bodhisattva.
ngan song spor|A bodhisattva.
ngan song|The realms of animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings.
ngan song|The states of hell beings, hungry ghosts (pretas), and animals.
ngan song|The lower realms of hell beings, hungry ghosts (pretas), and animals.
ngan song|A collective name for the realms of animals, hungry ghosts, and denizens of the hells.
ngan song|Usually Tibetan {ngan song} [{gsum}] is an expression for the three lower realms of rebirth according to Buddhist cosmology: animals, ghosts, and hell beings. Here, however, the asuras are counted among lower rebirths too.
ngan song|The three bad migrations are those of (1) denizens of hells, (2) inhabitants of the “limbo” of the pretaloka, where one wanders as an insatiably hungry and thirsty wretch, and (3) animals, who are trapped in the pattern of mutual devouring (Tib. {gcig la gcig za}).
ngan spong gi bu|Name of a sage.
ngan spong shes ldan|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ngan spong|A ṛṣi in the past.
ngan spong|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ngan spong|One of the seven great rishis of ancient India. The founder of Indian astrology.
ngan to re|A brahmin. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-4502 .
ngang gis snang ba|A precious gem that, when cut, shows a luminous star shape. This includes such gems as star sapphires, star rubies, and star topazes. In some Kangyurs written incorrectly as {sgra snang ba} and with a wide variety of other spelling renditions. Jyotīrasa is translated as {skar ma mdog} in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html (Toh 113, Saddharma puṇḍarīka).
ngang ngur gyis gang ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
ngang ngur rnams kyis rjes su bsgrags par byed pa|(1) A forest on Encircled by White Clouds ({ngang ngur rnams kyis rjes su bsgrags par byed pa}). (2) A river on Saṅkāśa ({ngang pa kun sgra 'byin pa}).
ngang pa'i chu|A lake on Equal Peaks.
ngang pa'i gnas|One of four parks that surround the city of Radiant.
ngang pa'i gzi brjid|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ngang pa'i nags|(1) A forest in Endowed with Migration. (2) A lake to the north of Jambudvīpa.
ngang pa'i pad ma'i tshal|A lotus grove in Part of the Assembly.
ngang pa'i rgyal po lta bu'i dbyangs|A queen of King Sarvārthasiddha.
ngang pa'i shing rta|A class of vidyādharas.
ngang pa'i shing rta|An epithet of Brahmā, who rides a swan.
ngang pa'i stabs su gshegs pa|Forty-fourth of the eighty minor marks.
ngang pas'i gshog pas bcom pa|A pond on Equal Peaks.
ngang pa|A kind of bird, which is identified with the swan or goose.
ngang pa|Twenty-first of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ngang skya|One of the four mahārājas, he is the guardian deity for the east and traditionally lord of the gandharvas, though in this sūtra he appears to be king of the nāgas. It is also the name of a goose king that was one of the Buddha’s previous lives, and in that instance it is translated into Tibetan as {ngang skya}.
ngang tshul bzang po|A head merchant’s son in Dhanyākara.
ngang tshul kun du sdud|Birthplace of the buddha Deva.
ngang tshul|One of the kings of Nepal, possibly Jiṣṇugupta of the seventh century.
ngang tshul|The king identified with Śīlāditya Dharmāditya I of the Maitraka dynasty.
ngar mi sems pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpaprabha (904 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ngas bar du gcod pa'i chos gang dag bshad pa|Third of the Buddha’s four assurances.
ngas gdul bar bya|A god from the Sphere of neither Perception nor Nonperception who later becomes the Buddha Supreme Precious One.
ngas sdug bsngal yang dag par zad par 'gyur ba'i lam gang bshad pa|Fourth of the Buddha’s four assurances.
nges 'byung|A great bodhisattva.
nges 'byung|This term is also translated as ‘renunciation’ and denotes the practitioner’s mind turning away from the bonds of saṃsāra and towards liberation.
nges 'dren|A buddha realm.
nges 'dren|A great bodhisattva.
nges brjod kyi rig byed|Along with the Yajurveda, Sāmaveda, and Atharvaveda, one of the four Vedas, the most ancient Sanskrit religious literature of India. Generally considered the “first” of the four Vedas.
nges brtan|Mother of the buddha Vajrasena.
nges brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sārathi.
nges byams ma|Mother of the buddha Kṛtavarman.
nges byin|Attendant of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
nges byung blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigatamala (193 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nges don|This refers to those teachings of the Buddha that are in terms of ultimate reality; it is opposed to those teachings given in terms of relative reality, termed “interpretable meaning,” because they require further interpretation before being relied on to indicate the ultimate. Hence definitive meaning relates to voidness, etc., and no statement concerning the relative world, even by the Buddha, can be taken as definitive. This is especially important in the context of the Mādhyamika doctrine, hence in the context of Vimalakīrti’s teachings, because he is constantly correcting the disciples and bodhisattvas who accept interpretable expressions of the Tathāgata as if they were definitive, thereby attaching themselves to them and adopting a one-sided approach.
nges ldan|Attendant of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
nges mthong|Son of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
nges pa brtan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gandhahastin.
nges pa la zhugs pa|This is the stage attained by followers of the Hinayāna wherein they become determined for the attainment of liberation (nirvāṇa, i.e., the ultimate for them) in such a way as never to regress from their goals, and by bodhisattvas when they attain the holy path of insight.
nges pa'i blo|The 177th buddha in the first list, 176th in the second list, and 176th in the third list.
nges pa'i blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vijitāvin (86 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nges pa'i don gyi mdo sde la rton|One of the four reliances.
nges pa'i don|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhahasta.
nges pa'i don|The ultimate meaning of a given Dharma teaching.
nges pa'i don|The final meaning of the truth; the real intent of the Buddha’s teachings.
nges pa'i don|A statement of clear and explicit meaning that has no ulterior motive and thus does not require further explanation.
nges pa'i gzugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyotiṣka (564 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nges pa'i mdangs|Birthplace of the buddha Sumati.
nges pa'i rgyal mtshan tog|Name of the ninth meditative stability.
nges pa'i rgyal mtshan tog|Lit. “crest of the victory banner of certainty.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nges pa'i sgra|Mother of the buddha Prajñāna vihāsa svara.
nges pa'i shugs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vigatakāṅkṣa.
nges pa'i tshig bstan pa la 'jug pa|Lit. “entry into the exposition of etymologies.” Name of a meditative stabilization. (Ghoṣa has niruktāniyata praveśa.)
nges pa'i tshig la gdon mi za bar 'jug pa|Name of the sixteenth meditative stability.
nges pa'i tshig la gdon mi za bar 'jug pa|Lit. “entry into certainty about the etymologies.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nges pa'i tshig so so yang dag par rig pa|One of the four kinds of knowledge.
nges pa'i tshig so so yang dag par rig pa|Third of the four kinds of exact knowledge. See also “lexical explanations.”
nges pa'i tshig|Lexical explanations here implies the exact knowledge of the primary and derivative definitions and explanations of names and words. It is also the third of the four kinds of exact knowledge, see “exact knowledge of language and lexical explanations.”
nges par 'byed pa'i cha bzhi|“These are the four stages on the path of application (prayogamārga). They are heat (uṣmagata), tolerance (kṣānti), summit (mūrdha), and highest worldly dharma (laukikāgradharma).” Rotman (2005) p. 452.\nTranslated here as “heat,” “peak” (given as the second stage in this text), “patience in accord with the truths” (given as the third stage in this text), and “highest worldly dharma.”
nges par 'byung ba|Deliverance from cyclic existence.
nges par 'byung ba|Definite emergence or release from saṃsāra; also a term for renunciation.
nges par 'byung ba|Having left one’s home to become a wandering mendicant. Also translated here as emancipation and as pathway.
nges par 'byung ba|This term is also translated as ‘renunciation’ and denotes the practitioner’s mind turning away from the bonds of saṃsāra and towards liberation.
nges par 'byung ba|Deliverance or emancipation from cyclic existence. When used as a transitive verb, it has the sense of leaving behind or escaping cyclic existence.
nges par 'byung ba|Setting forth, issue, exit, departure, escape, a road out of town. Also translated here as “emancipated” and “gone forth.”\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-049-001.html#UT22084-049-001-177 .
nges par 'dren pa'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha.
nges par 'dren pa|A great bodhisattva.
nges par brtags te blta ba|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nges par bstan pa chen po|The name of an extensive teaching that the Buddha is said to have taught directly preceding the Lotus Sūtra.
nges par byas|Mother of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
nges par byas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padmaskandha.
nges par dga'|Mother of the buddha Samṛddha.
nges par dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Baladatta.
nges par gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.
nges par gnod mdzes|The name of an asura.
nges par grags pa|Mother of the buddha Ratnaprabhāsa.
nges par mthar byed|A park in Blazing Splendor.
nges par rgyal ba|Name of the forty-fourth meditative stability.
nges par rtog pa|Mahāvyutpatti 7450.
nges par rtogs bzod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānakīrti (501 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nges par rtogs pa|Mvy
nges par rtogs pa|Mahāvyutpatti 7450.
nges par sems pa|Analytic concentration that gains insight into the nature of reality, synonymous with “transcendental analysis,” vipaśyana (q.v.).
nges par sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Manujacandra (146) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nges par sgra sgrogs zab mo|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nges par song ba|A world system.
nges par thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhahasta.
nges pas byas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suyajña.
nges pa|Son of the buddha Suceṣṭa.
nges pa|Lit. “Certain.” Name of four lotus ponds, each located in one of the four gardens of the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
nges thob|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
nges tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
ngo bo nyid med pa gsum|These comprise the imaginary, dependent, and consummate essenceless natures, which are elaborated particularly in the discourses associated with the third turning of the doctrinal wheel.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-4 ).
ngo bo nyid med pa nyid|The three kinds of essencelessness are essencelessness regarding defining characteristics, essencelessness regarding arising, and essencelessness regarding the ultimate.
ngo bo nyid sku|This indicates either an active or a passive distinction in the buddha body of reality, or the underlying indivisible essence of the three buddha bodies.
ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid|One of the eighteen emptinesses.
ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid|Seventeenth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
ngo bo nyid|This term denotes the ontological status of phenomena, according to which they are said to possess existence in their own right—inherently, in and of themselves, objectively, and independent of any other phenomena such as our conception and labelling. The absence of such an ontological reality is defined as the true nature of reality, emptiness. Also rendered here as “basic nature.”
ngo tsha shes pa'i dpal gyi dog pa'i 'od|A body goddess.
ngo tsha shes pa|One of the eleven virtuous mental factors (Tib. {sems byung dge ba}; Skt. kuśalacaitta), a subgroup of the mental states or factors associated with the mind (Skt. caitasika, caitta), according to the Abhidharma. According to Vasubandhu (in his Pañcaskandhaka) http://read.84000.co/translation/toh3866.html, {ngo tsha} (“scruples,” “conscience”) is different from {khrel} (“embarrassment”) in that it is independent from others’ judgment of one’s behavior and solely internal in that it comprises one’s internalized values and one’s inner moral compass or sense of integrity.
ngo tsha shes|Father of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
ngo tsha shes|Attendant of the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.
ngo tsha|A sense of shame that prevents one from carrying out immoral actions.
ngo tsha|One of the eleven virtuous mental factors (Tib. {sems byung dge ba}; Skt. kuśalacaitta), a subgroup of the mental states or factors associated with the mind (Skt. caitasika; caitta), according to the Abhidharma. According to Vasubandhu (in his Pañcaskandhaka), {ngo tsha} (“scruples,” “conscience”) is different from {khrel} (“embarrassment” or “shame”) in that it is independent from others’ judgment of one’s behavior, and solely internal, in that it contradicts one’s internalized values and one’s inner moral compass. See “embarrassment.”
ngogs la spyod|A country in India corresponding to modern Tirhut.
ngoms mi myong|A river in Dwelling on Summits.
ngoms pa med pa'i blo|Attendant of the buddha Vratatapas.
ngoms pa med pa'i chu|A pond in Continuous Movement.
ngor chen dkon mchog lhun grub|(1497−1557). The tenth abbot of Ngor Monastery and a prominent master of the Sakya tradition who wrote a history of Buddhism.
ngor chen kun dga' bzang po|A great Sakya scholar and prolific author (1382–1456), founder of the Ngor tradition and the monastery of Ngor Ewam Chöden.
ngos bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
ngos bzangs|Father of the buddha Vibhakta jñā svara.
ngos bzangs|The 719th buddha in the first list, 718th in the second list, and 708th in the third list.
ngos bzang|Attendant of the buddha Vigatatamas.
ngos bzang|The 425th buddha in the first list, 424th in the second list, and 418th in the third list.
ngos gcig pa|A mountain in the eastern sea beyond Jambudvīpa.
ngu 'bod chen po|One of the eight hot hells.
ngu 'bod chen po|The fifth of the eight hot hells in the Buddhist classification.
ngu 'bod chen po|Name of one of the great hells. See also Guenther 1986, 58; Konchog Gyaltsen 1998, 99.
ngu 'bod chen po|Fifth of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. An even larger version of the Shrieking Hell, likewise named for the cries of its inhabitants.
ngu 'bod gtum po|One of the eight hot hells.
ngu 'bod|One of the eight hot hells.
ngu 'bod|“Crying one,” a class of female spirits.
ngu 'bod|The name of a hell realm. One of the eight hot hells.
ngu 'bod|Name of one of the great hells; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-175 .
ngu 'bod|Fourth of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. Named for the cries of its inhabitants who are engulfed in a tremendous blaze.
ngud mo|A river.
ngur pa|Tadorna ferrugine or ruddy shelduck. Nineteenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ngur smrig blangs pa|A shrine built to commemorate the Buddha’s going forth.
ngur smrig gi rgyal mtshan gyi 'jig rten|Realm of a tathāgata.
ngur smrig gi rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm in the north.
ngur smrig gi rgyal mtshan|Kaṣāyadhvajā (Saffron-Colored Banners) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Vajra sāra pramardin.
ngur smrig rgyal mtshan|Kaṣāyadhvajā (Saffron-Colored Banners) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Vajrapramardin.
ni mi|A king who built stupas.
nim ba|Azadirachta indica.
nog ri|During the time of Buddha Greatest of All, a certain mountain where seventy-seven thousand on the path of learning and the path of no more to learn pledged to stay during the rains.
nor 'byor pa|Birthplace of the buddha Suprabha.
nor 'dzin|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
nor 'phel|A great bodhisattva.
nor bdag ma|Mother of the buddha Kāśyapa.
nor bdun|Faith, discipline, generosity, learning, dignity, propriety, and wisdom.
nor bdun|Faith, discipline, charity, knowledge, modesty, self-control, and wisdom.
nor bdun|These are faith, diligence, discipline, modesty, learning, relinquishment, and insight.
nor bdun|The seven riches of noble beings: faith, discipline, generosity, learning, modesty, humility, and insight.
nor bdun|Seven qualities of a spiritual practitioner: faith, discipline, shame, modesty, obedience, renunciation, and insight.
nor bu 'byin|A mountain in Moving in Vast Environments.
nor bu 'chang ba|One of the wheel-turning monarchs.
nor bu 'od 'bar ba dpal|One of the tathāgatas.
nor bu 'od|The 149th buddha in the first list, 149th in the second list, and 149th in the third list.
nor bu bkod pa|Son of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.
nor bu bkod pa|The 284th buddha in the first list, 283rd in the second list, and 283rd in the third list.
nor bu brtsegs rgyal po|A buddha from the west.
nor bu brtsegs|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nor bu bzang po|God of wealth.
nor bu bzang po|A wealth deity.
nor bu bzang po|A yakṣa king, the brother of Kubera.
nor bu bzangs po'i sras|A yakṣa king, the brother of Kubera.
nor bu bzang|A bodhisattva.
nor bu bzang|A yakṣa king, the brother of Kubera.
nor bu bzang|A brother of Kubera and a tutelary deity of merchants.
nor bu bzang|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nor bu bzang|Name of a yakṣa general; brother of Pūrṇabhadra in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559).https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
nor bu can|A village or town.
nor bu dga'|Attendant of the buddha Ugra.
nor bu dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
nor bu dri ma med pa don yod pa'i rnam par 'phrul pa bkod pa|The name of a vidyādhara emperor.
nor bu gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Maṇicaraṇa.
nor bu gsal|The 971st buddha in the first list, 970th in the second list, and 961st in the third list.
nor bu gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśadatta (242 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nor bu rin po che bdun|The list of seven varies. Either they are gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or they are ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral; etc.
nor bu rin po che chen po'i sprin lta bu|A tathāgata.
nor bu rin po che me shel|The sunstone is supposed to give out heat when exposed to the sun.
nor bu rin po che sna bdun|The list of seven varies. Either they are gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or they are ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral; etc.
nor bu rin po che'i gtsug ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
nor bu rin po ches khong snums pa|Birthplace of the buddha Siddhi.
nor bu rin po che|One of the seven treasures possessed by the cakravartin king. It is often equated with or described as a wish-fulfilling jewel ({yid bzhin gyi nor bu}). It is additionally included as the thirty-third of the eighty designs found on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. A passage about the precious jewel is found in Toh 95, The Play in Full, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-100. See also Toh 4087, the Kāraṇa prajñapti, folio 121.b.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4087.html
nor bu rkang|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Atibala.
nor bu snang ba can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Jewel Flame.
nor bu snang ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Shining Star Lamp.
nor bu spyod|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nor bu zla ba|The 353rd buddha in the first list, 352nd in the second list, and 347th in the third list.
nor bu zla ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mokṣatejas (626 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nor bu'i 'od zer|Attendant of the buddha Vajradhvaja.
nor bu'i 'od|Father of the buddha Vajra.
nor bu'i 'od|Attendant of the buddha Muktiskandha.
nor bu'i 'od|“Jewel Light,” a certain young god who in the garden of Prince Jeta in Śrāvastī scattered flowers over the Buddha, sat before him to listen to the Dharma, and manifested stream entry.
nor bu'i cha shas rnam par bkra ba|A mountain in Total Pleasure.
nor bu'i chu can rnams kyis 'dzin pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
nor bu'i do shal thogs pa|A class of asuras.
nor bu'i nags|(1) A forest in Endowed with Migration ({nor bu'i nags}). (2) A forest on the upper level of Living on the Peak ({rin po che'i nags}).
nor bu'i phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
nor bu'i phyang|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
nor bu'i rgyal po|The most supreme of jewels, typically used as an epithet for diamonds.
nor bu'i rta babs|A mountain in Godānīya.
nor bu'i snying po 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
nor bu'i snying po na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
nor bu'i snying po'i 'od 'phro ba|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
nor bu'i snying po|Son of the buddha Maṇicaraṇa.
nor bu'i snying po|The buddha realm of King Jewel Mound.
nor bu'i snying po|Refers to Dwelling in Essence of Jewels.
nor bu'i snying po|The 447th buddha in the first list, 446th in the second list, and 440th in the third list.
nor bu'i snying po|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Discriminating Intellect attains buddhahood.
nor bu'i stegs bu|A lake in Total Pleasure.
nor bu'i tog|A bodhisattva.
nor bu'i tshogs|The 357th buddha in the first list, 356th in the second list, and 351st in the third list.
nor bu'i zla ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
nor bu|A nāga king.
nor bu|A bodhisattva.
nor bu|A jewel, gem, or crystal.
nor byed|Name of a yakṣa.
nor byin|Father of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
nor bzangs kyi sras|A yakṣa king, the brother of Kubera.
nor bzangs|A bodhisattva.
nor bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Rāhu.
nor bzangs|A certain trader from the country of Pāṭaliputra.
nor bzangs|A prince and a king who were the Buddha in former lives.
nor bzangs|The son of a prominent upāsaka, he is the main protagonist of the Gaṇḍavyūha Sūtra.
nor bzangs|The 972nd buddha in the first list, 971st in the second list, and 962nd in the third list.
nor bzang|A brother of Kubera and a tutelary deity of merchants.
nor bzang|The son of a prominent upāsaka, he is the main protagonist of the Gaṇḍavyūha Sūtra.
nor bzang|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
nor can gyi bu|King of an unspecified kingdom during the time of Buddha Dīpaṃkara.
nor can gzi ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Vimala.
nor can|A householder.
nor can|Another name of King North Pañcāla.
nor can|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nor can|A certain householder in Rājagṛha during the time of the Buddha, he was father of Sudarśana.
nor dga'|Son of the buddha Dharmamati.
nor dpal|Name of a bodhisattva, “Wealth-Splendor.”
nor dpal|A buddha who lives in a buddha realm above called Moonlit.
nor dpal|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
nor grags|Father of the buddha Vighuṣṭaśabda.
nor grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
nor gyi 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śrīgarbha.
nor gyi bdag po|A king in another world in the distant past.
nor gyi blo gros|A brahmin youth.
nor gyi dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
nor gyi sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Susthita.
nor gyis brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Anāvilārtha.
nor kun bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Deveśvara.
nor kun mthong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyahastin.
nor kyi phung po mang po|“Great mass of wealth.” A precious householder of a cakravartin in the distant past.
nor la dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyarāśi.
nor ldan klu|One of the kings of the nāgas.
nor ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
nor ldan|Son of the buddha Rāhu.
nor ldan|The name of a nakṣatra.
nor ldan|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
nor ldan|A king at the time of the Buddha Ratnaśikhin.
nor lha brgyad|A class of eight gods who are personifications of natural phenomena.
nor lha gsal ba|Son of the buddha Ojastejas.
nor lha'i bu 'od|Mother of the buddha Siṃhavikrāmin.
nor lha'i bu dga'|Attendant of the buddha Sugaṇin.
nor lha'i bu dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Abhyudgata.
nor lha'i bu tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Atula pratibhāna rāja.
nor lha'i bu'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Vidyutketu.
nor lha'i bu|Mother of the buddha Marudyaśas.
nor lha'i bu|Another name of the Brahmanical deity Viṣṇu.
nor lha'i bu|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nor lha'i bu|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vararuci.
nor lha'i bu|The 598th buddha in the first list, 597th in the second list, and 591st in the third list.
nor lha'i bu|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Satyacara (368 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nor lha'i tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nor lhas byin|Mother of the buddha Guṇadhvaja.
nor lha|Father of the buddha Anantayaśas.
nor lha|Attendant of the buddha Vidumati.
nor lha|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nor lha|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
nor lha|(1) A king at the time of the Buddha Ratnaśikhin ({gos sbyin}). (2) A god ({nor lha}).
nor lha|The 226th buddha in the first list, 225th in the second list, and 225th in the third list.
nor mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānapriya.
nor rgyas gyi bu|A king of the nāgas.
nor rgyas kyi bu'i rigs gzhig par dga' ba|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nor rgyas kyi bu|One of eight mythological nāga kings.
nor rgyas kyi bu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nor rgyas kyi bu|(1) A virtuous nāga king ({nor rgyas kyi bu}). (2) A nāga who visits Saṅkāśa Mountain ({bA su ki}).
nor rgyas kyi bu|A nāga king, well known in Indian mythology as being the serpent coiled around Meru that was used to churn the ocean at the origin of the world.
nor rgyas|Name of a nāga king.
nor rgyas|One of the eight nāga kings.
nor rgyas|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
nor sbyin dga'|Son of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
nor sbyin gsal|Father of the buddha Muktaprabha.
nor sbyin gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Girīndrakalpa.
nor sbyin ma|Mother of the buddha Vijitāvin.
nor sbyin ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nor sbyin mthu rtsal ma 'khrul sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siddhi.
nor sbyin|Epithet of Kubera.
nor sbyin|A ruler of the demigods.
nor sbyin|Father of the buddha Padma.
nor sbyin|A Hindu and Buddhist god of wealth.
nor sbyin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpita (560 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nor sbyin|Dhanada (“Wealth Giver”) is another name of Vaiśravaṇa ({rnam thos sras}, “Prince of the Distinctly Hearing One”), one of the Four Great Kings ({rgyal po chen po bzhi}) ruling the four directions of the desire realm. Vaiśravaṇa rules the northern direction and the yakṣas (gnod sbyin) that reside there. In The Question of Mañjuśrī his image is the fifty-third of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
nor skyong|An elephant who was sent to kill the Buddha.
nor spyod|The name of a yakṣa
nor sred|Son of the buddha Sugandha.
nor yod|Nāga king, well known in Indian mythology as being the serpent coiled around Meru that was used to churn the ocean at the origin of the world.
nor zhabs|The 423rd buddha in the first list, 422nd in the second list, and 416th in the third list.
nor|Another name for Dravya Mallaputra, a disciple of the Buddha.
nu Di|In the Tibetan, Śyāmā and Naṭi are confounded into one, {sh+ya ma nu Di}).
nu ta|A great nāga king.
nu zho'i rgya mtsho|This is a reference to saṃsāra, which is called an “ocean of milk” since the beings therein are sustained by their mother’s milk which, if accumulated over countless rebirths, would be enough to fill an ocean.
nub kyi ba lang spyod|The western continent according to Buddhist cosmology. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-68 .
nur nur po|The embryo in the second week of gestation.
nus can bu'i bstan bcos kyis 'tsho ba|An epithet given to the great seer Vyāsa. The Tibetan {nus can bu}/{nus pa can bu}, which would back-translate to the Sanskrit *samarthika, is in this case either a mistranslation or the result of a corruption in the original source, which would likely have read *smārtikaśāstra, a reference to the “treatises” of those who follow the the Brahmanical traditions.
nus ldan|Attendant of the buddha Jñānaruci.
nus pa can|A country.
nus pa|In colloquial usage, the term means “ability”; in a more esoteric sense, it denotes feminine energy and power; it is also used when referring to powerful female spirits (usually within the Śaiva pantheon).
nya 'khor ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
nya gdong po|A class of asuras.
nya gro dha ltar chu zheng gab pa|Nineteenth of the thirty-two major marks.
nya gro dha'i rgyal po|A buddha.
nya mid mid|Lit. “swallowing and swallowing fish.” Described as a sea creature measuing 2,100 yojanas in length in The Hundred Deeds.
nya mid|Lit. “swallowing fish.” Described as a sea creature measuring 1400 yojanas in length in The Hundred Deeds.
nya pa|A merchant who was Dravya Mallaputra in a former life.
nya ro hi 'khor ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
nya ston|Feasts falling on these days of the lunar month are considered an acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
nyam thag pa chen po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
nyam thag sdug bsngal ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nyams dga' ba 'byung ba|Birthplace of the buddha Sūkṣmabuddhi.
nyams dga' ba sdug pa|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhagātra.
nyams dga' ba|Birthplace of the buddha Sudatta.
nyams dga' mig tu sdug|Birthplace of the buddha Cārulocana.
nyams dga' yon tan can|Birthplace of the buddha Vimatijaha.
nyams dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Amitābha.
nyams pa mang ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
nyams pa'i ma ning|A person whose sexual organs have been disabled by being removed or otherwise. One of the five types of person labeled a paṇḍaka, all of whom are barred from joining the renunciate order.
nyams pa|A yakṣa in the country of Bhraṣṭolā.
nyams rtsal chen po|Attendant of the buddha Vikrāntagamin.
nyan thos chen po bzhi|The four are Subhūti, Mahākatyāyana, Mahākāśyapa, and Maudgalyāyana.
nyan thos chen po|Principal Hīnayāna pupils of the Buddha.
nyan thos chen po|A term denoting the primary disciples of a buddha.
nyan thos chen po|An epithet for the Buddha’s principal students who had attained the goal of the path.
nyan thos chen po|A term referring to the Buddha Śākyamuni’s closest and most important śrāvaka disciples.
nyan thos kyi theg pa|The path of the śrāvakas.
nyan thos kyi theg pa|The way or vehicle of the śrāvaka.
nyan thos kyi theg pa|The means by which aspirants to nirvāṇa attain the state of a hearer by seeking self-liberation.
nyan thos kyi theg pa|Vehicle of the śrāvakas or hearers, i.e., the path followed by the immediate disciples of the historical Buddha, and those who follow them, that leads to the state of an arhat.
nyan thos kyi theg pa|The vehicle comprising the teaching of the śrāvakas, those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation. The śrāvakas are typically defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard by others.”
nyan thos ma 'ongs pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Stūpa That Overwhelms with Jewel Light.
nyan thos theg pa|The vehicle comprising the teaching of the śrāvakas, the disciples or “Hearers” who heard the teachings from the Buddha. According to Mahāyāna sources, this is one of the two constitutents (along with the Pratyekabuddhayāna) of the so-called “Lesser Vehicle” (Hīnayāna).
nyan thos|Primarily referring to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of an arhat by seeking self-liberation, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle, who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings. It is usually defined as “those who hear the teaching from the Buddha and make it heard by others.”
nyan thos|Also rendered here as “listener,” and sometimes also called “hearers,” the term originally referred to direct disciples of Buddha Śākyamuni who had actually heard the Buddha’s teachings; now commonly refers to those Buddhists who strive for their own nirvāṇa. Their primary fields of practice are the four noble truths and the twelve links of dependent origination (Rigzin 126).
nyan thos|This term, based on the verb “to hear,” means disciple, and it originally referred to those direct disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni who had actually heard the Buddha’s teachings. It is also used to refer to those who aspired to the state of an arhat, in contrast to the bodhisattvas. More generally, it refers to those who were followers of the non-Mahāyāna traditions of Buddhism.
nyan thos|The term is most simply interpreted as “those who hear” the Buddha’s teaching, i.e., his disciples, but the additional element that they then “make it heard” to others is often present in canonical glosses. In a Mahāyāna context it refers to those disciples of the Buddha who aspire to attain the state of a worthy one (arhat), and not to embarking on the path of a bodhisattva (with buddhahood as its ultimate goal).
nyan thos|Typically, this word refers to followers of those teachings of the Buddha that focus on the monastic lifestyle and liberating oneself from suffering, in contrast to followers of the Bodhisattva Vehicle, who seek buddhahood for the sake of all beings. While this distinction appears to be maintained in this sūtra, the śrāvakas are here said to both cultivate moral discipline and apprehend phenomena and dharmas as empty.
nyan thos|Hīnayāna practitioner of the first turning of the wheel of the Dharma on the four noble truths, who realizes the suffering inherent in saṃsāra and focuses on understanding that there is no independent self. By conquering disturbing emotions, he liberates himself, attaining first the stage of stream enterer at the path of seeing, followed by the stage of once-returner who will be reborn only one more time, and then the stage of non-returner who will no longer be reborn into saṃsāra. The final goal is to become an arhat. These four stages are also known as the “four results of spiritual practice.”
nya|One of the avatars of Viṣṇu.
nya|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
nya|Pisces (zodiac sign and constellation).
nya|Thirteenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
nya|Lit. “fish.” Described as a sea creature measuring 700 yojanas in length in The Hundred Deeds.
nye 'du ba|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
nye 'khor dga' ba|A river on Deer Abode.
nye 'khor gyi mig|An ocean between Kuru and Godānīya.
nye 'khor gyi sgra|A city in Videha.
nye 'khor kun tu snang ba|A mountain in Living by Rājanina.
nye 'khor na khyab pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
nye 'khor na rtse dga' ba|A city in Videha.
nye 'khor|The Buddha’s pupil who was pre-eminent in knowing the monastic rules and recited them and their origins at the first council. He had been a low caste barber in Kapilavastu, the Buddha’s home town.
nye ba 'khor|A disciple of the Buddha.
nye ba 'khor|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
nye ba 'khor|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i 'dam bu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nye ba'i 'dod pa|One of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas.
nye ba'i 'du ba|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
nye ba'i bum pa|One of the rāśis.
nye ba'i byi pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i cha shas|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i char 'bebs|One of the grahas.
nye ba'i chos|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i dbus|One of the kings of the nāgas.
nye ba'i dga' byed ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
nye ba'i dga' ldan|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i dpung pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
nye ba'i dur khrod|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
nye ba'i dus|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i gang ba|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i gnas|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
nye ba'i gre|The name of a nakṣatra.
nye ba'i gza' rgyad|A class of beings related to grahas.
nye ba'i ka shi can|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i klu|One of the eight great nāgas.
nye ba'i ku ru ku la|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i kun bged|One of the grahas.
nye ba'i la ba|One of the kings of the nāgas.
nye ba'i lcags can|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
nye ba'i ljang sngon|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i ljon pa|One of the kinnara kings.
nye ba'i lngas rtsen|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i mu khyud|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i nor can|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i nyon mongs pa|Secondary afflictive states that are derived from the six primary afflictions.
nye ba'i nyon mongs pa|Minor defilements of mind that arise in the wake of the six primary defilements.
nye ba'i nyon mongs pa|Literally “near-afflictions,” or the subsidiary afflictive emotions derivative of or related to the primary afflictions.
nye ba'i nyon mongs|A subsidiary set of afflictive emotions that differ in number depending on the system of Abhidharma that presents them.
nye ba'i nyon mongs|These are various mental afflictions that negatively impact the mind, such as rage, resentment, envy, miserliness, laziness, distraction, etc.
nye ba'i nyon mongs|These are “secondary” in the sense that they flow from the primary disturbing emotions of desire, aversion, and ignorance. There appears to be no set list.
nye ba'i nyon mongs|The secondary afflictive emotions that arise in dependence upon the six root afflictive emotions (attachment, hatred, pride, ignorance, doubt, and wrong view); they are (1) anger (krodha, {khro ba}), (2) enmity/malice (upanāha, {'khon 'dzin}), (3) concealment (mrakśa, {'chab pa}), (4) outrage (pradāsa, {'tshig pa}), (5) jealousy (īrśya, {phrag dog}), (6) miserliness (matsarya, {ser sna}), (7) deceit ( māyā , {sgyu}), (8) dishonesty (śāṭhya, {g.yo}), (9) haughtiness (mada, {rgyags pa}), (10) harmfulness (vihiṃsa, {rnam par 'tshe ba}), (11) shamelessness (āhrīkya, {ngo tsha med pa}), (12) non-consideration (anapatrāpya, {khril med pa}), (13) lack of faith (aśraddhya, {ma dad pa}), (14) laziness (kausīdya, {le lo}), (15) non-conscientiousness (pramāda, {bag med pa}), (16) forgetfulness (muśitasmṛtitā, {brjed nges}), (17) non-introspection (asaṃprajanya, {shes bzhin ma yin pa}), (18) dullness (nigmagṇa, {bying ba}), (19) agitation (auddhatya, {rgod pa}), and (20) distraction (vikṣepa, {rnam g.yeng}) (Rigzin 329, 129).
nye ba'i pI lu|One of the kings of the piśācas.
nye ba'i ral pa ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i rdul|One of the rāśis.
nye ba'i rdul|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i rgya mtsho|One of the kings of the nāgas.
nye ba'i rnga bo che|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i skra can ma|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
nye ba'i skra can ma|One of the four retinue goddesses of Siddhaikavīra; also of Arapacana.
nye ba'i snyan pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i sras chen brgyad|The eight bodhisattvas Mañjuśrī, Avalokiteśvara, Vajrapāṇi, Kṣitigarbha, Ākāśagarbha, Sarva nivaraṇa viṣkambhin, Maitreya, and Samantabhadra.
nye ba'i tog|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye ba'i tshal gyi phreng ba|A palace visited by King Sudarśana.
nye ba'i zhing|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
nye bar 'khor|An arhat who was foremost among the Buddha’s disciples in his knowledge of the monastic code of discipline (vinaya).
nye bar 'khor|A great upholder of monastic discipline, who recited the vinaya at the First Council following the Buddha’s passing.
nye bar 'khor|A disciple of the Buddha who was originally the barber of the Śākya princes. He was ordained together with them and was noted as an expert on the Vinaya.
nye bar 'khor|The Buddha’s pupil who was pre-eminent in knowing the monastic rules and recited them and their origins at the first council. He had been a low caste barber in Kapilavastu, the Buddha’s home town.
nye bar 'khor|Disciple; originally the barber of the Śākya princes, ordained together with them, and noted as an expert on the Vinaya.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-942 ).
nye bar 'khor|One of the ten closest disciples of the Buddha. He is known for having mastered the Buddha’s teachings on the Vinaya, the code of discipline. After the Buddha’s parinirvāṇa, Upāli was the Vinaya’s chief compiler.
nye bar 'ongs|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye bar 'phen pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
nye bar gnas|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye bar gzhag pa|To accept (e.g., a person) as a novice.
nye bar len pa'i phung po lnga|The five aggregates of form, feeling, notion, assembled factors, and consciousness. They are referred to as the bases for clinging insofar as all conceptual grasping arises based on these aggregates.
nye bar len pa'i phung po lnga|This refers to the five aggregates as the bases upon which a nonexistent self is mistakenly projected. That is, they are the basis of “appropriation” (upādāna) insofar as all grasping arises on the basis of the aggregates.
nye bar len pa'i phung po lnga|The five aggregates (skandha) of form, feeling, perception, formation, and consciousness. On the individual level the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected. They are referred to as the “bases for appropriation” (upādāna) insofar as all conceptual grasping arises on the basis of these aggregates.
nye bar len pa'i phung po lnga|A collective name for the five impure psycho-physical aggregates: (1) physical forms, (2) feelings, (3) perceptions, (4) formative predispositions, and (5) consciousness.\nThese “acquisitive” psycho-physical aggregates (upadānaskandha, {nye bar len pa'i phung po}) denote the contaminated aggregates (sāsravaskandha, {zag bcas kyi phung po}) which emerge through the primary cause of past actions and afflicted mental states, and become the primary cause for subsequent actions and afflictions.
nye bar len pa'i phung po|The five skandhas seen as both caused by karma, and themselves the cause, through karma, of future existences.
nye bar len pa'i phung po|Said of the aggregates individually, but more commonly in terms of all five as a collective, because they are “the basis of clinging to existence” (Edgerton).
nye bar len pa'i phung po|The “skandhas of appropriation” or “appropriated skandhas,” this refers to the five skandhas as the bases upon which a nonexistent self is mistakenly projected. That is, they are the basis of “appropriation” (Skt. upādāna) insofar as all grasping arises on the basis of the skandhas.
nye bar len pa'i phung po|The five aggregates (skandha) of matter (rūpa), sensation (vedanā), perception (saṃjñā), karmic dispositions (saṃskāra), and consciousness (vijñāna). They are referred to as the “bases for clinging” (upādāna) insofar as all conceptual grasping arises on the basis of these aggregates.
nye bar len pa|As one of the twelve links of dependent origination, the noun form upādāna means to cling to existence.
nye bar len pa|Ninth of the twelve links of dependent arising. For the four appropriations, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-057-006.html#UT22084-057-006-398 .
nye bar len pa|The ninth of the twelve links of dependent origination, “grasping” more broadly refers to the exceptionally strong form of craving through which we remain attached to and fixated on cyclic existence.
nye bar len pa|In some texts, four types of appropriation are listed: of desire (rāga), of view (dṛṣṭi), of rules and observances as paramount (śīla vrata parāmarśa), and of belief in a self (ātmavāda). The term {nye bar len pa} also means “grasping” and it was rendered as such when it refers to the ninth of the twelve links of dependent origination, between craving and becoming.
nye bar len pa|Also means “grasping” or “clinging;” but has a particular meaning as the ninth of the twelve links of dependent arising, between craving (tṛṣṇā, {sred pa}) and becoming or existence (bhava, {srid pa}). In some texts, four types of appropriation are listed: of desire (rāga), of view (dṛṣṭi), of rules and observances as paramount (śīla vrata parāmarśa), and of belief in a self (ātmavāda). Only the first three are mentioned in this sūtra.
nye bar len pa|The term upādāna figures in at least two prominent contexts within basic Buddhist classifications. Firstly, the five aggregates are also called “aggregates of clinging” when they refer to a nonliberated person. According to the Nibandhana commentary on Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings, they are called “aggregates of clinging” for different reasons: they are “born from the clingings” because the aggregates arise due to the three mental afflictions of attraction, aversion, and confusion, which can also be called “clingings”; or, they are so called because the aggregates are under the control of the “clingings,” in the sense that it is due to the three mental afflictions that the aggregates remerge, after death, in a new realm of existence (Samtani 1971, pp. 87–88; the explanation in the Nibandhana partly follows Abhidharma kośa bhāṣya https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html on kārikā 1.8; see Pradhan 1967, p. 5).\nAnother important context of the term upādāna is as the ninth of the “twelve parts of dependent arising.” Here upādāna arises with craving (tṛṣṇā) as its condition. The difference between “craving” and “clinging” is explained by Vasubandhu as follows: it is “craving” when one strongly wants enjoyments but has not yet started searching for those objects of enjoyments (yāvan na tadviṣaya paryeṣṭim āpadyate); it is “clinging” once one starts seeking ways to obtain those objects of enjoyments and thus runs in all directions (viṣaya prāptaye paryeṣṭim āpannaḥ sarvato dhāvati). See Pradhan 1967, p. 132.
nye bar nyon mongs pa|Minor defilements of mind that arise in the wake of the six primary defilements.
nye bar sgrub pa|The rite by which one is inducted into the novitiate and confirms a candidate’s status as a novice in the Buddhist order of renunciates.
nye bar spyad pa|One of the ten factors to be understood in the context of the expertise of the bodhisattva who is a regent.
nye bar yid 'ong|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
nye bar zhi 'phag|A buddha.
nye bar zhi ba la 'jug pa|Name of a meditative absorption.
nye bar zhi ba mnga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
nye bar zhi ba rjes su dran pa|Seventh of the ten recollections.
nye bar zhi ba|”Peaceful.” A world system in the western direction, where the buddha Ratnārcis now dwells.
nye bar zhi ba|This stock phrase refers to states of peace or absence of disturbing thoughts and emotions. In his commentary on the Kāśyapa parivarta, Sthiramati correlates these three states of peace with deepening stages of meditation on the Buddhist path.
nye ba|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
nye dbang po|The younger brother of Indra.
nye dbang|A Hindu deity.
nye dbang|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; the name of a yakṣa.
nye dbang|Considered the “younger brother” of Indra, the name Upendra appears as an epithet of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa in Sanskrit epic and purāṇic literature.
nye dga' bo|One of the disciples of the Buddha.
nye dga' bo|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
nye dga' bo|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the kings of nāgas.
nye dga' bo|The name of a certain nāga.\nNot to be confused with “Upananda,” one of King Mahā deva’s ministers; or with Upananda, the monk.
nye dga' bo|Along with Nanda, one of King Mahā deva’s two chief ministers in the city of Mithilā.\nNot to be confused with “Upananda,” the nāga; or with Upananda, the monk.
nye dga' bo|A member of the Śākya clan and monk of the Buddha’s order, he often appears in the vinaya texts, as here, to exemplify certain wrong behaviors.\nNot to be confused with Upananda, one of King Mahā deva’s ministers; or with Upananda, the nāga.
nye dga'|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye dga'|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nye dga'|One of the eight great nāga kings. Usually paired with the nāga king Nanda.
nye dga'|One of the notorious “group of six” monks whose antics and heavy-handed interference prompted a great many of the Buddha’s injunctions on conduct.
nye dga'|The name of a bhikṣu of the Buddha’s listed as being present at the sūtra’s teaching and listed along with the Buddha’s half-brother, the bhikṣu Nanda.
nye dga'|One of eight mythological nāga kings.\nThe story of the two nāga kings Upananda and Nanda and their taming by the Buddha and Maudgalyāyana is told in the Vinayavibhaṅga (Toh 3, D vol. 6, {'dul ba}, {ja}, F.221a–224a).
nye du'i bu|A leader of the Jain community, often identified as Mahāvīra, the twenty-fourth teacher of the Jain tradition. He appears frequently in Buddhist literature as an antagonist to Śākyamuni and his followers, revealing a simmering rivalry between the Buddhist and Jain communities.
nye mdzes|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
nye rdzas|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nye rgyal|Another name of Śāriputra.
nye rgyal|One of the given names of Venerable Śāriputra. See “Śāriputra.”
nye rgyal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śākyamuni.
nye rgyal|Śāriputra’s grandfather named him Upatiṣya, “Tiṣya’s Heir,” to honor Śāriputra’s father Tiṣya.
nye rnga|A nāga king; one of Ānanda’s past lives.
nye sbas|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
nye sbas|A monk who was predicted by the Buddha to appear in the future.
nye sde|A disciple of the Buddha.
nye sde|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vikrāntagāmin.
nye sde|A certain monk who had gone forth under the Buddha. With his support Lotus Color found faith in the Buddha’s doctrine and also went forth.
nye sde|A monk of one year whose premature taking of a ward prompted the Buddha to decree that only those who had been monks for ten years could allow going forth, grant ordination, accept charge of novices, give refuge, and live independently.
nye shing|Asparagus racemosus, a common medicinal plant recognized as early as the Suśrutasaṃhitā.
nye srung|Fifth in the apostolic succession that carried on the Buddha’s teachings after his parinirvāṇa.
nye'u shing|Asparagus racemosus, a common medicinal plant recognized as early as the Suśrutasaṃhitā.
nyer bsdogs|Absorptions that precede the achievement of the eight absorptions of the form and formless realms.
nyer sems|Attendant of the buddha Prahāṇakhila.
nyer zhi|Attendant of the buddha Sutīrtha.
nyes 'ongs pa|The name of Svāgata, a disciple of the Buddha, before he meets the Buddha.
nyes byas|One of five types of offenses a monk can incur. These 112 types of misconduct are the lightest type of offense. There are expunged through resolving to refrain from them in the future.
nyes dmigs gdong|Attendant of the buddha Ratnacandra.
nyes pa gsum|Desire, anger, and delusion.
nyes pa spong|Mother of the buddha Aśokarāṣṭra.
nyi 'od|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
nyi 'od|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nyi 'od|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Excellent Attainment.
nyi 'od|A goddess who attempts to seduce Surata and later becomes one of his attendants.
nyi 'od|The 540th buddha in the first list, 540th in the second list, and 533rd in the third list.
nyi 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Abhijñāketu (544 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi 'og gi gos|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual. Cloth from foreign countries to the west of Magadha, such as Aparānta (also Aparāntaka), an ancient kingdom in western India.
nyi ldan|A woman in Sunrise, sister of Beautiful. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-1922 .
nyi ma 'dod|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
nyi ma bu ram|The dynasty originating from the legendary king Ikṣvāku.
nyi ma can|Mother of the buddha Creator.
nyi ma can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Moonlight.
nyi ma dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
nyi ma dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Light of the Moon.
nyi ma dgyes|The 912th buddha in the first list, 911th in the second list, and 902nd in the third list.
nyi ma gcig|{gdugs gcig} is an archaic word for “day.”
nyi ma gsal byed|Mother of the buddha Vimuktacūḍa.
nyi ma ldan|A mountain in the sea south of Jambudvīpa.
nyi ma lta bur gshegs pa|The 810th buddha in the first list, 809th in the second list, and 798th in the third list.
nyi ma ltar bzhin mdog dri ma med pa|A cakravartin king in another world in the distant past.
nyi ma ltar rnam par snang byed|One of the two primary bodhisattvas who accompany the Thus-Gone One Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja in the buddhafield Vaiḍūrya nirbhāsa.
nyi ma mchog gi bde ba|The bodhisattva Supreme Wisdom when he becomes a buddha.
nyi ma rab tu snang ba|A bodhisattva of the southwest.
nyi ma rengs byed|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nyi ma rgyal mtshan bzang po|A Tibetan translator active at the monastery of Tharpa Ling in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, also widely known as Tharpa Lotsāwa ({thar pa lo tsA ba}). He was one of the teachers of Butön Rinchen Drup ({bu ston rin chen grub}) and translated a number of tantric works in the Kangyur and Tengyur as well as a set of sūtras from the Theravāda tradition.
nyi ma sbas pa|A Kashmiri scholar (paṇḍita) who is well known for his commentaries on Tārā.
nyi ma sgron ma mngon par 'phags pa'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
nyi ma sgron ma|A buddha.
nyi ma sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Samadhyāyin.
nyi ma shar bar gyur bas mi reg pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
nyi ma snang ba|The name of an eon.
nyi ma snang ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Moon.
nyi ma sten pa|A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit.
nyi ma stong ldan gzi brjid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anupamaśrī (802 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi ma'i 'byung|Name of a tathāgata.
nyi ma'i 'char ka|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
nyi ma'i 'od bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sūrya.
nyi ma'i 'od gzer ltar snang ba|A southwestern buddha realm.
nyi ma'i 'od kyi gzi brjid|One of the ten absorptions of the bodhisattvas.
nyi ma'i 'od zer|Son of the buddha Balatejojñāna.
nyi ma'i 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidyutketu (253 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi ma'i 'od zil gyis gnon pa'i 'od 'phro|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
nyi ma'i 'od|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nyi ma'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.
nyi ma'i 'od|The 122nd buddha in the first list, 122nd in the second list, and 123rd in the third list.
nyi ma'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigatabhaya (297 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi ma'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmacchattra (609 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi ma'i 'od|Lit. “Sunlight.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Vigata rajasaṃcayā, in the intermediate southwest direction, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
nyi ma'i blo gros|Birthplace of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
nyi ma'i bu mo|One of the great mātṛs.
nyi ma'i bu|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi; also a patronymic of Yama.
nyi ma'i bzhin|Mother of the buddha Candrodgata.
nyi ma'i dkyil 'khor gyi mtha' snang|The name of an absorption.
nyi ma'i dkyil 'khor sgron ma mchog gi dpal|Lit. “Glorious Supreme Clear Light of the Sun Disk.” A buddha in a world system called Vigata rajasaṃcayā, in the intermediate southwest direction.
nyi ma'i dkyil 'khor sgron ma|A buddha.
nyi ma'i dkyil 'khor snang ba dam pa'i dpal|A buddha of the southwest.
nyi ma'i gdong|Son of the buddha Jñānasūrya.
nyi ma'i gdugs|Father of the buddha Anihata.
nyi ma'i gung|A monk who is predicted by the Buddha to appear in the future.
nyi ma'i gung|A certain sage who was third in the apostolic succession that carried on the Buddha’s teachings after his parinirvāṇa.
nyi ma'i gzi brjid kyis rab tu brgyan pa'i nga ro|Attendant of the buddha Jñānin.
nyi ma'i gzi brjid phung po'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Asaṅgadhvaja.
nyi ma'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva.
nyi ma'i gzi brjid|Father of the buddha Sārathi.
nyi ma'i gzi brjid|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Suriyatejā.
nyi ma'i gzugs brda ston|Mother of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
nyi ma'i lam du legs par rgyu ba|A class of vidyādharas.
nyi ma'i lha|Attendant of the buddha Jñānaśrī.
nyi ma'i lha|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
nyi ma'i mar me|A bodhisattva.
nyi ma'i mdog|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nyi ma'i mdog|A park in Kaliṅgavana. Also the name of a park in another world in the distant past.
nyi ma'i mig|A bodhisattva.
nyi ma'i mthu|Father of the buddha Suprabha.
nyi ma'i phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Padmahastin (826 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi ma'i rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
nyi ma'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nyi ma'i rgyud|Mother of the buddha Bhadradatta.
nyi ma'i rigs|A ṛṣi in the past.
nyi ma'i rigs|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
nyi ma'i rigs|A mythical ancient Indian clan with divine origins to which Siddhārtha Gautama’s family was said to belong.
nyi ma'i rigs|An epithet of the Buddha’s tribe derived from a legend concerning his ancestry (Rigzin 128). See also “Śākya.”
nyi ma'i rnam par gnon pas kun tu snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
nyi ma'i sgron ma dpal gyi dpal|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Sūrya pradīpa ketu śiri.
nyi ma'i sgron ma'i rgyal po|The name of bodhisattva Cloud Voice when he becomes a buddha.
nyi ma'i sgron ma|An absorption.
nyi ma'i sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
nyi ma'i sgron ma|Son of the buddha Vidyutketu.
nyi ma'i sgron ma|Name of the forty-sixth meditative stability.
nyi ma'i sgron ma|Lit. “sun lamp.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nyi ma'i sgron|Birthplace of the buddha Candrapradīpa.
nyi ma'i sgron|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puruṣadatta (244 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi ma'i shugs kyi snying po|A bodhisattva residing in a buddha realm in the eastern direction at the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nyi ma'i snying po 'od sprin rgyal po|“The King of Clouds of the Light of the Essence of the Sun.” The name of the precious jewel of a cakravartin in the distant past.
nyi ma'i snying po 'od zer dri ma med pa|A buddha.
nyi ma'i snying po 'od|Mother of the buddha Sūrya.
nyi ma'i snying po gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Caitraka.
nyi ma'i snying po|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
nyi ma'i snying po|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nyi ma'i snying po|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
nyi ma'i snying po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇadhvaja.
nyi ma'i snying po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin (161 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi ma'i snying po|The name for this jewel, “essence of the sun” in both the Sanskrit and Tibetan, appears to be a synonym for sūryakānta (“sunstone”). In Tibetan, these orange gems are usually called {me shel} (“fire crystal”). They are oligoclase feldspar, exhibiting aventurescence in that they are filled with speckles that appear to emit light.
nyi ma'i snying|The 21st buddha in the first list, 21st in the second list, and 22nd in the third list.
nyi ma'i tog|A bodhisattva.
nyi ma'i tog|Father of the buddha Sugaṇin.
nyi ma'i tog|Son of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
nyi ma'i tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahātapas (329 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi ma'i zhal|The 862nd buddha in the first list, 861st in the second list, and 851st in the third list.
nyi ma'i zhal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānakrama (262 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyi mas byin|A brahmin.
nyi mas byin|Son of the buddha Mati.
nyi mas byin|Mother of the buddha Mahāyaśas.
nyi mas byin|Attendant of the buddha Dhārmika.
nyi mas byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
nyi ma|Fifty-sixth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
nyi ma|A god, a past life of the buddha Arthabuddhi (382 according to the third enumeration).
nyi ma|The 688th buddha in the first list, 687th in the second list, and 678th in the third list.
nyi ma|Literally “Sun,” here it seems to be referring to the principal deity of the sun, who goes by the same name.
nyi ma|The sun; the god of the sun; the king identified as Āditya vardhana of the Śrīkaṇṭha-Sthāṇvīśvara dynasty who ruled in Madhyadeśa in the sixth century ce.
nyi ma|In the Vedas, the name originally meant “child of Aditi” so that in some texts it refers to a group of deities. However, in the Kāraṇḍavyūha it has the later meaning of being synonymous with Surya, the deity of the sun. It was translated into Tibetan simply as the common word for sun.
nyi tshe ba'i chos|I.e. the teachings of the Disciple Vehicle (śrāvakayāna). See “narrow-minded attitudes.”
nyi tshe ba'i spyod pa|This term refers to the restricted, biased, narrow-minded attitudes and practices of the Disciple Vehicle, which itself is called Skt. prādeśikāyāna (“limited, or narrow-minded, vehicle”) (Mvy, 1254). It is narrow-minded because it posits the reality of the elements of existence as apparently perceived and because it aspires only to personal liberation, not to the exaltation of buddhahood.
nyi zla dri ma med pa'i 'od dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
nyi zla rnam par mthong ba'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Siddhi.
nyi zla sgron ma|Name of a tathāgata.
nyi zla sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
nyi zla sgron ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Freeing.
nyi zla|A buddha.
nyi zla|Father of the buddha Vajradhvaja.
nyi zla|The 121st buddha in the first list, 121st in the second list, and 122nd in the third list.
nyin byed|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
nyin bzhi pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
nyin gcig|{gdugs gcig} is an archaic word for “day.”
nyin gnyis pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
nyin mdzad|A buddha.
nyin mor byed pa|A forest on Heap in the Stream.
nying mtshams sbyor ba|The rebirth process that is maintained and perpetuated on the basis of past actions.
nyi|The god of the sun.
nyo mo nya|A piece of land belonging to Virtuous Castle.
nyo tshong|Buying and selling, trade, commerce.
nyon mongs 'joms|A self-awakened one.
nyon mongs bral|The 264th buddha in the first list, 263rd in the second list, and 263rd in the third list.
nyon mongs bsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratna svara ghoṣa.
nyon mongs dri ma sbyangs|A buddha.
nyon mongs med blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Muniprasanna (605 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
nyon mongs med|The head of a guild who was Jyotiṣka in a former life.
nyon mongs pa med pa nyon mongs pa dang bcas pa thams cad yang dag par 'du ba|Name of the 106th meditative stability.
nyon mongs pa med pa rtogs par khong du chud pa|A bodhisattva.
nyon mongs pa med par grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dīptatejas.
nyon mongs pa rab tu 'joms pa'i gtsug tor rnam par rgyal ba|A goddess.
nyon mongs pa rku ba|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nyon mongs pa rnam par 'joms pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
nyon mongs pa smod pa|A king; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
nyon mongs pa thams cad nges par sreg pa|Lit. “burns all afflictive emotions.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nyon mongs pa'i bdud|This is the figurative or embodied demon of emotional disturbances.
nyon mongs pa'i bdud|The aspect of Māra associated with the power of the afflictive emotions to obstruct awakening.
nyon mongs par med pa yang dag par 'du ba|Lit. “in which nonconflict comes together.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
nyon mongs pa|A type of mental affliction. The most basic defilements are attachment, aversion, and confusion.
nyon mongs pa|A type of mental imperfection, the most basic afflictions being attraction, aversion, and confusion.
nyon mongs pa|Afflictive emotions or mental factors such as the three poisons that disturb the mind, bind one to cyclic existence, and obstruct liberation.
nyon mongs pa|Also called “delusions,” “afflictions,” or “addictive emotions,” these are mental states that produce turmoil and confusion and thus disturb mental peace and happiness (Rigzin 133).
nyon mongs pa|The afflictions that hold one back from awakening, often listed as desire (rāga), anger (pratigha), pride (māna), ignorance (avidyā), wrong views (kudṛṣti), and indecision (vicikitsā).
nyon mongs pa|There are the 84,000 variations of defilements for which the 84,000 categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote. These defilements can be subsumed into the five or three poisons of attachment, aversion, and ignorance (the three), plus arrogance and jealousy (the five).
nyon mongs spong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vairocana.
nyon mongs|Afflictive emotions. There are the 84,000 variations of mental disturbances for which the 84,000 categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote. These mental disturbances can be subsumed into the three or five poisons of attachment, aversion, and ignorance plus arrogance and jealousy.
nyon mongs|The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements known as the afflicted mental states, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure. Included among them are the primary afflictions of fundamental ignorance, attachment, aversion, pride, doubt, and twenty subsidiary afflictions.
nyon mongs|In Pali (kilesa) and Prakrit (kileśa) the meaning is “to soil, stain, defile.” This primary meaning is retained in the Sanskrit, where the defilement metaphor is attested by many canonical passages. The meaning “affliction” is a secondary development, deriving from the more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding of kliś (“to afflict”).
nyon mongs|A term meaning “defilement” or “affliction” that refers to a wide range of mental factors that disturb the mind and lead to unwholesome deeds by body, speech, and mind. The Pāli kilesa, Middle-Indic kileśa, and Sanskrit kleśa all primarily mean “to soil, stain, defile.” The meaning “affliction” is a secondary development that derives from the more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding of kliś (“to harm, to afflict”). Both meanings are noted by Buddhist commentators. The basic three defilements are attachment, aversion, and confusion.
nyon mongs|Literally “pain,” “torment,” or “affliction.” In Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit it literally means “impurity” or “depravity.” In its technical use in Buddhism it means any negative quality in the mind that causes continued existence in saṃsāra. There are said to be 84,000 of these negative mental qualities for which the 84,000 categories of the Buddha’s teachings serve as the antidote. These mental disturbances can be subsumed into the three or five poisons of attachment, anger, and ignorance plus arrogance and jealousy. Also translated here as “disturbing emotions.”
nyon mongs|In Buddhism, kleśa refers to any disturbing and destructive mental state that causes suffering and continued existence in saṃsāra. In this regard, the three basic kleśas are delusion, attachment, and aversion (or hatred). In terms of etymology, the primary meaning is “defilement.” This is reflected in the Middle Indic kileśa and Pali kilesa, which mean “to soil, stain, defile.” The meaning “affliction” is a secondary meaning that derives from a more general (non-Buddhist) classical understanding based on the verbal root kliś (“afflict, torment, cause pain”). Both senses are noted by later Buddhist commentators.
nyong mongs pa zhi bar byed pa|A buddha.
o Da su ta|One of the eight great nāgas.
o Da|A country in the eastern part of India, modern-day Orissa.
o Di|One of the two kṣetras.
o DyAna|One of the four pīṭhas.
o Ta|A country in the eastern part of India, modern-day Orissa.
o Ti ya|An ancient country most likely located in the Swat Valley of present-day Pakistan.
o dra|One of the two kṣetras.
o ta la'i bu|A brahmin.
o ta la'i nags|A forest near Otalā.
o ta la|A village.
o ta la|A region of ancient India, not far from Mathurā.
oM Sha Ni|This has not been identified.
oM kA ra|An epithet or form of Brahmā, who is often represented by the sound oṁ.
od srung chen po|One of the principal disciples of the Buddha, known for his ascetic practice.
pA TA li pu tra|A city in Jambudvīpa; present day Patna.
pA ra tA|An area to the west of Jambudvīpa.
pI lu bzang po|One of the kings of the piśācas.
pI lu|One of the great piśācas.
pU ra ka|Retention of breath after inhalation (one of the four stages during a single breath).
pa Na|According to Alexander Cunningham, one paṇa “was a handful of cowrie shells, usually reckoned as 80.” (See Cunningham 1996, p. 1.)
pa Ni ni|One of the ministers of King Nanda.
pa ba li|A brahmin into whose family Ajita was born.
pa bsangs|The planet Venus.
pa bsangs|Śukra is both the planet Venus and the guru of the asuras. In the Vaiśnavite literature, he loses an eye from his encounter with the dwarf incarnation of Viṣṇu. The Sanskrit also means “bright.”
pa ha na|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
pa lA sha|Butea monosperma, Butea frondosa.
pa la ki|A stringed instrument, a type of yazh, which is a kind of harp.
pa la sha yis kun tu khyab pa|An area in Kuru.
pa pa li|A brahmin into whose family Ajita was born.
pa ra dzA na|A great bodhisattva.
pa ri pa ra tsa ka|A generic designation for the group of non-Buddhist mendicants of various religious outlooks, who lived as wandering spiritual seekers in India during the time of the Buddha.
pa ri pe la|Cyperus rotundus.
pa ru Na|Apart from the god of water, Varuṇa can be the name of several other figures, including a nāga king.
pa shu pa ti|“Lord of beings in the bonds [of existence],” one of the epithets of Śiva.
pa ta la|Bignonia suaveolens. The Indian species of bigonia. They have trumpet-shaped flowers and the small trees are common throughout India.
pa ti li'i phug|Caves on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
pa ti li|Stereospermum colais according to the Pandanus Database of Plants. This appears to be the best option for what the Tibetan reads; however, the readings {pa ti li} and {pa ti'i shing} both appear corrupt.
pa tshab nyi ma grags|A Tibetan translator, particularly known for translating important Mādhyamika texts, circa 1055–1145.
pa tshab nyi ma grags|The name of a famous Tibetan translator (b. 1055). He studied in Kashmir for twenty-three years and is best known for introducing into Tibet the philosophical works of Candrakīrti and other Indian scholars, but also brought the transmissions of new practice rituals and tantric deities.
pa tshab tshul khrims rgyal mtshan|The primary translator of this scripture.
pa tshab|The name of a Tibetan family to which belonged the renowned translator Patshap Nyima Drakpa.
pab tong|The editor of this sūtra. No details of this person are known.
pad 'dab spyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jagadīśvara (918 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
pad chen|‟The Great Lotus,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs.
pad dkar spos|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gandheśvara (165 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
pad dkar|Attendant of the buddha Padmaskandha.
pad dpal ma|Mother of the buddha Padmakośa.
pad dpal|The 498th buddha in the first list, 497th in the second list, and 491st in the third list.
pad ldan|Son of the buddha Padmaskandha.
pad ldan|Mother of the buddha Kusumadeva.
pad ma 'bar ba'i dpal|Name of a mahābrahmā.
pad ma 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
pad ma 'byung|A great bodhisattva.
pad ma 'jigs byed me tog mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
pad ma bkod pa|An absorption.
pad ma bkod pa|The name of a dhāraṇī.
pad ma bkod pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
pad ma bkod pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
pad ma bkod pa|Lit. “array of lotuses.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
pad ma bla dpal mkhas pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Beautiful Lotus. Likely the same as the thus-gone one Glory of the Manifestation of the Sublime Lotus.
pad ma bla ma|The name of an eon.
pad ma bla ma|A buddha who appears in other sūtras as a contemporary of Śākyamuni in another universe. In this sūtra, King Dṛḍhabala, the bhikṣu Supuṣpacandra, and King Varapuṣpasa are said to be his previous lives.
pad ma brtegs pa|A buddha.
pad ma bzang po|Father of the buddha Padmaraśmi.
pad ma bzang|Father of the buddha Ratnatejas.
pad ma bzang|Attendant of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
pad ma can|A buddha realm.
pad ma can|Son of the buddha Arthamati.
pad ma can|Mother of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
pad ma can|Birthplace of the buddha Śrīprabha.
pad ma can|Lit. “Endowed with Lotuses.” The buddhafield of the tathāgata Samantakusuma where Mañjuśrī Kumārabhūta and the god Susthitamati also live.
pad ma can|Lit. “Endowed with Lotuses.” Name of the empire where the Buddha stayed in a previous life as a brahmin student, in the presence of the buddha Dīpaṃkara.
pad ma che 'byung|A lake near Sudharma.
pad ma chen po lta bu|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
pad ma chen po ltar gas pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
pad ma chen po|King of Magadha at the time of the Buddha’s birth, husband of Queen Bimbī, and father of Bimbisāra.
pad ma che|A nāga king.
pad ma dam pa rnam par 'phrul pa'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Beautiful Lotus. Likely the same as the thus-gone one Skillful in the Glory of the Lotus Guru.
pad ma dam pa|A buddha in the past.
pad ma dam pa|The buddha who receives the six-syllable mantra from Avalokiteśvara.
pad ma dang zla ba ltar bzhin 'dzum zhing brjid la mdangs gsal ba|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
pad ma dkar po lta bu|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
pad ma dkar po ltar gas pa|One of the cold hells.
pad ma dkar po'i snying po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sumanā puṣpa prabha.
pad ma dkar po'i spos|Mother of the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa.
pad ma dkar po'i tshal|A pleasure grove in Shaded by Garlands.
pad ma dkar po|Son of the buddha Kusumarāṣṭra.
pad ma dkar po|Birthplace of the buddha Kusuma.
pad ma dkar po|Father of the buddha Mālādhārin.
pad ma dkar po|Nelumbo nucifera. The white variant of the red lotus, which is otherwise the same species.
pad ma dkar spyod pa|A realm of the ever-infatuated gods.
pad ma dkar|Mother of the buddha Siṃhaketu.
pad ma dkar|Birthplace of the buddha Maṇidharman.
pad ma dmar pos kun tu khyab pa|A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit.
pad ma dpal gyi snying po|One of the main characters in this sūtra.
pad ma dpal gyi snying po|A great bodhisattva in the buddha realm of Padmaśrī.
pad ma dpal gyi snying po|The name of a young bodhisattva, who is one of the interlocutors of the Buddha in this text.
pad ma dus su rgyu ba|A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit.
pad ma ka|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
pad ma ku she sha ya dang ldan pa|A mountain in Kuru.
pad ma ldan|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Siddhimati attains buddhahood as the tathāgata Vairocana.
pad ma ltar gas chen po|Name of one of the eight cold hells. The extreme cold of this hell turns the skin of its denizens blue, red, and then extremely red until they crack apart into a hundred or more pieces like the petals of a great lotus.
pad ma ltar gas pa chen po|One of the eight cold hells.
pad ma ltar gas pa chen po|Eighth (and heaviest) of the eight cold hells of Buddhist cosmology. The extreme cold of this hell turns the skin of its denizens blue, red, and then extremely red until they crack apart in a hundred or more pieces. Also rendered here as “Great Lotus Hell.”
pad ma ltar gas pa|One of the eight cold hells.
pad ma ltar gas pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
pad ma ltar gas pa|Name of one of the eight cold hells. The extreme cold of this hell turns the skin of its denizens blue and then red until they crack apart into ten or more pieces like lotus petals.
pad ma ltar gas pa|Seventh of the eight cold hells of Buddhist cosmology. The extreme cold of this hell turns the skin of its denizens blue and then red until they crack apart in ten or more pieces. Also rendered here as “Lotus Hell.”
pad ma mchog gi 'od zer|A buddha.
pad ma mchog gi dpal|Lit. “Glorious Supreme Lotus.” A buddha in a world system called Bodhi maṇḍalālaṃkāra su rucitā, in the intermediate southeast direction.
pad ma mchog|Lit. “Supreme Lotus.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Padmā, in the direction below, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
pad ma mngon 'phags 'od zer rol pa|A buddha who lives in the world system known as Light Rays of the Exalted Moon.
pad ma mngon 'phags|A shortened form of Exalted Lotus Beaming Light.
pad ma mngon du 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
pad ma mngon par 'phags pa'i dpal|A buddha.
pad ma mngon par 'phags pa'i dpal|A bodhisattva.
pad ma mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha realm.
pad ma nges|Birthplace of the buddha Amitayaśas.
pad ma rA ga'i nags|A forest in Moving in Mixed Environments.
pad ma rab gnas|A buddha realm.
pad ma rab gtor 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
pad ma rab tu gtor ba'i char pa|A great bodhisattva.
pad ma rgyas pa|Name of a monastery (vihāra) in Śrāvastī.
pad ma rmad byung gi tshal|A forest in Dwelling in One Direction.
pad ma snang ba'i 'od zer|A buddha.
pad ma'i 'byung gnas|The name of an eon.
pad ma'i 'dab ma 'dra ba'i mig|A kalaviṅka king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
pad ma'i 'dab ma dri ma med pa skar ma'i rgyal po me tog kun tu rgyas pa|A buddha in a realm far away in the eastern direction.
pad ma'i 'dab ma'i mig|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
pad ma'i 'od zer rnam par rol pas mngon par mkhyen pa|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
pad ma'i 'od zer|A buddha realm.
pad ma'i 'od zer|The 513th buddha in the first list, 513th in the second list, and 506th in the third list.
pad ma'i 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Saṃgīti (949 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
pad ma'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Puṣpa dama sthita.
pad ma'i 'od|Śāriputra’s name when he becomes a buddha.
pad ma'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇavīrya.
pad ma'i bla ma|A future buddha.
pad ma'i dpal 'byung|A buddha.
pad ma'i dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva.
pad ma'i dpal gyi snying po|According to the Buddha’s prophecy at the conclusion of The Questions of the Householder Vīradatta, this is the name that will be given to each of the five hundred householders when they become buddhas.
pad ma'i dpal|A buddha realm.
pad ma'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
pad ma'i dpal|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
pad ma'i dpal|Padmaśrī (Lotus Glory) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Bhadraśrī.
pad ma'i dpal|Lit. “Glory of the Lotus.” A buddha in a world system called Padmā, in the direction below.
pad ma'i dra bas kun du khebs|A buddha realm.
pad ma'i dri|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arciskandha.
pad ma'i gdong|A nāga prince.
pad ma'i gdong|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
pad ma'i gdugs gcig pa|A buddha realm.
pad ma'i khyu mchog me tog|A buddha.
pad ma'i khyu mchog rnam par gnon pa|A future buddha.
pad ma'i mchog|A buddha.
pad ma'i mdog|Handsome monk who went forth under Venerable Upasena, he was named for his complexion, which was the color of a lotus-heart.
pad ma'i mdzod|Son of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
pad ma'i mdzod|The 732nd buddha in the first list, 731st in the second list, and 721st in the third list.
pad ma'i mig|A great bodhisattva.
pad ma'i mig|Mother of the buddha Padmaśrī.
pad ma'i mig|Attendant of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
pad ma'i mig|The buddha of the distant world Realm of Lotuses; also, the name of a great bodhisattva in the audience of this sūtra.
pad ma'i nang na rgyu ba|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
pad ma'i ngang tshul|Ca. late eighth century. An Indian monastic scholar important in the transmission of Buddhism to Tibet.
pad ma'i nyi ma'i 'od lta bu|A lotus pond in the forest known as Incomparable.
pad ma'i phreng ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
pad ma'i phung po|Birthplace of the buddha Padmakośa.
pad ma'i phung po|The 566th buddha in the first list, 566th in the second list, and 559th in the third list.
pad ma'i rdzing bu'i phreng ba|Ponds in the Forest of Amusements.
pad ma'i rtsa ba'i 'o ma|The juice of lotus roots.
pad ma'i rtsa lag|A rogue who was the Buddha in a former life.
pad ma'i rtse mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
pad ma'i sde|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Seven Precious Substances.
pad ma'i sgron ma sprin gyi dpal|A realm in the distant past. BHS: Dharma pradīpa megha śiri.
pad ma'i snying po can|King of Takṣaśīla during the time of the Buddha, he was father of She Who Gathers.
pad ma'i snying po|Father of the buddha Vidvat.
pad ma'i snying po|Son of the buddha Apagatakleśa.
pad ma'i snying po|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
pad ma'i snying po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas.
pad ma'i snying po|The 520th buddha in the first list, 520th in the second list, and 513th in the third list.
pad ma'i snying po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyeṣṭha (158 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
pad ma'i tog|A buddha.
pad ma'i tog|Birthplace of the buddha Bhadradatta.
pad ma'i zhal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyotiṣka (511 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
pad mas bkab par gyur pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
pad mas brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Vigatatamas.
pad mas khyab par gyur pa|A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit.
pad mas rab tu khebs pa|A buddha realm.
pad ma|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
pad ma|Nelumbo nucifera. True lotus with a central pericarp. The Indian or sacred lotus.
pad ma|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its fifteenth week.
pad ma|The 261st buddha in the first list, 260th in the second list, and 260th in the third list.
pad ma|Lit. “Lotus.” A world system in the direction below, where the buddha Padmaśrī now dwells.
pad ma|Nelumbo nucifera. The true lotus that has a central pericarp, while the “night lotus” and the “blue lotus” are actually lilies. Padma or nalinī refers to the red variety of the lotus, while the white lotus is called puṇḍarīka.
pad mo can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Lotus Guru.
pad mo chen po|Name of a meditative absorption.
pad mo dam pa'i dpal|A buddha of the southeast.
pad mo dam pa|A bodhisattva of the nadir.
pad mo dam pa|In chapter 29 it is the name of the ninth buddha in a list that begins with Kanaka muni ({pad mo'i bla}). In chapter 44 it is the name of a future buddha in this kalpa ({pad mo dam pa}).
pad mo dpal gyi 'jig rten|Realm of tathāgatas.
pad mo dpal gyi snying po 'byung ba|A queen in another world in the distant past.
pad mo dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
pad mo dpal|Padmaśrī (Lotus Glory) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Bhadraśrī.
pad mo la bzhud pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Beautiful Entrance. Likely an alternate name for the thus-gone one Departed to a Jewel Lotus.
pad mo rnam par rol pa'i mngon par shes pa|The name of a god.
pad mo shin tu mdzes|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Manifestation of the Sublime Lotus.
pad mo yod pa|Realm of the Buddha Ratnapadmābha.
pad mo'i 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ketu (18 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
pad mo'i 'od|A capital city in the distant past.
pad mo'i bla ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Lotuses.
pad mo'i bla|In chapter 29 it is the name of the ninth buddha in a list that begins with Kanaka muni ({pad mo'i bla}). In chapter 44 it is the name of a future buddha in this kalpa ({pad mo dam pa}).
pad mo'i dbyangs|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Moon.
pad mo'i dpal|A buddha of the nadir.
pad mo'i dpal|A world realm in the eastern direction.
pad mo'i dpal|Padmaśrī (Lotus Glory) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Bhadraśrī.
pad mo'i snying po|A buddha in the past.
pad mo'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
pad mo|Sixtieth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
pad mo|Nelumbo nucifera. The true lotus that has a central pericarp, while the “night lotus” and the “blue lotus” are actually lilies. Padma or nalinī refers to the red variety of the lotus, while the white lotus is called puṇḍarīka.
pad ngos|The 279th buddha in the first list, 278th in the second list, and 278th in the third list.
pad phung|The 566th buddha in the first list, 566th in the second list, and 559th in the third list.
pad snying|The 675th buddha in the first list, 674th in the second list, and 666th in the third list.
pad snying|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhadatta (130 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
pad spyan|The 51st buddha in the first list, 51st in the second list, and 52nd in the third list.
padma can|Royal court.
padma can|A buddhafield in the east.
padma'i bkod pa|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
pags pa srab cing 'jam la snum pa|Thirteenth of the thirty-two major marks.
pags pa srab la gser gyi mdog 'dra ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-fifth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
palla ki|A stringed instrument, a type of yazh, which is a kind of harp.
pan da pa|Five brothers who were the sons of Paṇḍu. The most famous was Arjuna (of Bhagavadgīta fame); the other four were Yudhiṣṭhira, Nakula, Sahadeva, and Bhīmasena. The story of the Pāṇḍava brothers and their battle with their cousins, the Kauravas, is the subject of the Mahābhārata, India’s greatest epic. In the sūtra, Bali imprisons the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas together.
pan tsa la|The name of a warrior tribe and their country in the north of India (Monier-Williams 578.3).
pang na gnas pa|An apsaras/goddess.
pang nas skyes pa|Attendant of the buddha Vāsava.
pang nas skyes|Another name of Mahā maudgalyāyana.
pang nas skyes|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śākyamuni.
pang nas skyes|The name given to Maudgalyāyana by his relatives because it seemed to them he had come to them from the lap of the gods.
pang pa na gnas pa|An apsaras/goddess.
par sha ka|Gardenia gummifera. A white fragrant flower that blooms in the rainy season.
par sha|One of the vedic sages who revealed some of the Vedas, and is believed to have written the first puraṇa.
par shi ka|Gardenia gummifera. A white fragrant flower that blooms in the rainy season. In other texts transliterated as {bar sha ka} or {par sha ka}.
parba brgya pa|A mountain in Godānīya.
pau rwa|A class of vidyādharas.
pha bsad pa|One of the classes of people barred from joining the renunciate order.
pha rol 'gro byed|A lost verse text, which was possibly a Mūla sarvāstivādin counterpart of the Pārāyanavagga of the Suttanipāta in the Pāli canon and included in the Kṣudraka piṭaka of the Mūla sarvāstivādins.
pha rol du phyin pa drug|The six perfections are giving (Skt. dāna), ethical discipline (Skt. śīla), patience or acceptance (Skt. kṣānti), effort (Skt. vīrya), meditative concentration (Skt. dhyāna), and wisdom (Skt. prajñā).
pha rol du phyin pa|Any of the six or ten perfections personified.
pha rol gnon|One of the kings of Nepal.
pha rol gyi sems shes pa mngon sum du bya ba shes pa'i mngon par shes pa|Fourth of the six extrasensory powers.
pha rol gyi sems shes pa'i mngon par shes pa|One of the five supernormal knowledges.
pha rol gyi sems shes pa|Third of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
pha rol gyi tshogs 'joms pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
pha rol gyi tshogs 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇivajra.
pha rol mu stegs 'joms|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anindita.
pha rol mu stegs can|Non-Buddhist sectarians.
pha rol phyin drug|The perfections of generosity, morality, diligence, forbearance, meditative concentration, and wisdom.
pha rol phyin drug|The trainings of the bodhisattva path: generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and insight.
pha rol phyin pa|The ten perfections are generosity (Skt. dāna, Tib. {sbyin pa}), discipline (Skt. śīla, Tib. {tshul khrims}), patience (Skt. kṣānti, Tib.{bzod pa}), diligence (Skt. vīrya, Tib. {brtson 'grus}), concentration (Skt. dhyāna, Tib. {bsam gtan}), insight (Skt. prajñā, Tib. {shes rab}), skillful means (upāyakauśala, Tib. {thabs la mkhas pa}), might (Skt. bala, Tib. {stobs}), aspiration (Skt. praṇidhāna, Tib. {smon lam}), and wisdom (Skt. jñāna, Tib. {ye shes}).
pha rol phyin rta|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
pha rol phyin thob|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimalaprabha.
pha rol tu phyin pa bcu po|The six perfections of generosity, discipline, patience, effort, meditative absorption, and wisdom; plus an additional four: skillful means, prayer, strength, and gnosis.
pha rol tu phyin pa bcu|The six perfections plus an additional four.
pha rol tu phyin pa bcu|This comprises the most common six perfections to which are added the four perfections of skillful means, prayer, power, and knowledge.
pha rol tu phyin pa bcu|The six perfections of generosity, discipline, patience, effort, meditative absorption, and wisdom; plus an additional four: skillful means, prayer, strength, and gnosis.
pha rol tu phyin pa bcu|A set of practices to be mastered by those on the bodhisattva path: (1) generosity, (2) discipline, (3) patience, (4) diligence, (5) meditative concentration, (6) wisdom, (7) skillful means, (8) strength, (9) aspirations, and (10) knowledge.
pha rol tu phyin pa drug|The six practices of the bodhisattva path: generosity (Tib. {sbyin pa}; Skt. dāna), discipline (Tib. {tshul khrims}; Skt. śīla), patience (Tib. {bzod pa}; Skt. kṣānti), diligence (Tib. {brtson 'grus}; Skt. vīrya), concentration (Tib. {bsam gtan}; Skt. dhyāna), and insight (Tib. {shes rab}; Skt. prajñā).
pha rol tu phyin pa drug|The six practices or qualities that a follower of the Great Vehicle perfects in order to become a buddha. They are generosity (dāna, {byin pa}), discipline (śīla, {tshul khrims}), patience or acceptance (kṣānti, {bzod pa}), diligence (vīrya, {brtson 'grus}), meditative concentration (dhyāna, {bsam gtan}), and insight (prajñā, {shes rab}).
pha rol tu phyin pa drug|The six practices or qualities that a follower of the Great Vehicle perfects in order to transcend cyclic existence. They are generosity (dāna, {byin pa}), discipline (śīla, {tshul khrims}), patience or acceptance (kṣānti, {bzod pa}), diligence (vīrya, {brtson 'grus}), meditative concentration (dhyāna, {bsam gtan}), and insight (prajñā, {shes rab}).
pha rol tu phyin pa drug|The six practices or qualities that a bodhisattva perfects and by which a bodhisattva transcends cyclic existence. A bodhisattva practices these perfections motivated by bodhicitta, the intention to attain full enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings, and with an awareness of the ultimate reality of all phenomena. These six perfections are generosity, ethics, endurance, diligence, meditative absorption, and wisdom.
pha rol tu phyin pa drug|The six perfections of the bodhisattvas: giving (Skt. dāna), morality (Skt. śīla), patience or forbearance (Skt. kṣānti), effort (Skt. vīrya), concentration (Skt. dhyāna), and wisdom (Skt. prajñā).The Mahāyāna also offers a list of ten perfections which, however, are different from the ten perfections of the bodhisattva in the Pāli tradition. (See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-039.html#UT22084-072-039-242 .)
pha rol tu phyin pa drug|The practice of the six transcendent perfections, comprising generosity, ethical discipline, tolerance, perseverance, meditative concentration, and wisdom or discriminative awareness, is the foundation of the entire bodhisattva’s way of life. These six are known as “transcendent perfections” when they are motivated by an altruistic intention to attain full enlightenment for the sake of all beings, when they are undertaken within a sixfold combination of all the perfections, and when they are performed with an awareness of the emptiness of the agent, the object, and their interaction. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-264 .\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-265 ).
pha rol tu phyin pa lnga|Generosity, morality, patient acceptance, vigor, and meditation.
pha rol tu phyin pa lnga|The six perfections excluding the perfection of wisdom: giving, morality, patience, perseverance or effort, and concentration.
pha rol tu phyin pa lnga|Generosity, discipline, patient acceptance, diligence, and concentration: the six perfections excluding the perfection of insight.
pha rol tu phyin pa'i theg pa|The way of the perfections. Synonymous with Bodhisattva yāna.
pha rol tu phyin pa|Also translated as “transcendences.” The term is used to define the actions of a bodhisattva. The six perfections are: generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration and wisdom.
pha rol tu phyin pa|To have transcended or crossed to the other side; typically refers to one or more of the six practices of bodhisattvas: generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, meditative concentration, and wisdom.
pha rol tu phyin pa|The term is used to define the actions of a bodhisattva. Because these actions, when brought to perfection, lead one to transcend saṃsāra and reach full awakening, they receive the Sanskrit name pāramitā, meaning “gone across to the other side.”
pha rol tu phyin pa|The trainings of the bodhisattva path. Most commonly listed as six: generosity, moral conduct, patience, diligence, concentration, and insight. Sometimes, such as in this text, an additional four are added: method, aspiration, strength, and wisdom.
pha rol tu phyin pa|This term is used to refer to the main trainings of a bodhisattva. Because these trainings, when brought to perfection, lead one to transcend saṃsāra and reach the full awakening of a buddha, they receive the Sanskrit name pāramitā, meaning “perfection” or “gone to the farther shore.” Most commonly listed as six: generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and insight. They are also often listed as ten by adding: skillful means, prayer, strength, and knowledge.
pha rol tu phyin pa|The trainings of the bodhisattva path. The Perfection of Wisdom sūtras, which were composed earlier than The Ten Bhūmis, teach just six perfections: generosity, correct conduct, patience, diligence, meditation, and wisdom. The Ten Bhūmis, however, in accord with A Multitude of Buddhas’ emphasis on groups of ten, and in correlation with the ten bhūmis, contains the first appearance in Mahāyāna texts of the ten perfections, adding the four perfections of skillful method, prayer, strength, and knowledge.
pha tha se|Benincasa hispida.
phag gi gdong|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
phag mo|One of the great mātṛs.
phag rgod|A mountain near Kuśāgrapura.
phags pa'i bden pa bzhi|The four truths that the Buddha realized and transmitted in his first teaching: suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path one travels to end suffering.
phags pa'i lam yan lag brgyad pa|The Buddhist path as presented in the disciple vehicle: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right recollection, and right concentration.
phags pa'i rigs bzhi|Simple food, simple clothing, a simple dwelling place, and simple possessions.
phag|The third incarnation of Viṣṇu.
phal chen byin pa|The 247th buddha in the first list, 246th in the second list, and 246th in the third list.
phal chen dga'|Son of the buddha Śānta.
phal chen dga'|Attendant of the buddha Puṇya.
phal chen gyi sde|One of the four main monastic orders of Indian Buddhism.
phal chen sbyin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vibhaktagātra.
phal chen sde|One of the eighteen nikāya schools.
phal chen|Father of the buddha Māradama.
phal chen|The 235th buddha in the first list, 234th in the second list, and 234th in the third list.
phal po che|This vast Mahāyāna sūtra (also called the Buddhāvataṃsaka) deals with the miraculous side of the Mahāyāna. It is important in relation to the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa, since the latter’s fifth chapter, “The Inconceivable Liberation,” is a highly abbreviated version of the essential teaching of the former.
phal skad|A collective name for the colloquial dialects of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages.
pham byed|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
pham med|Attendant of the buddha Brahmaruta.
pham pa'i 'gal ba|Disciplinary transgressions that must result in the offender’s disrobing and expulsion from the community of renunciants.
pham pa|The most severe of the five types of offenses a monk can incur. It cannot be expunged and results in the monk’s defrocking, unless the saṅgha sees fit to allow him to engage in rehabilitory training.
phan 'dod ma|Mother of the buddha Sārthavāha.
phan 'dod mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Matimat.
phan 'dod|A great bodhisattva.
phan 'dod|Son of the buddha Ratibala.
phan 'dod|Father of the buddha Vasuśreṣṭha.
phan 'dod|Attendant of the buddha Candrānana.
phan 'dod|Father of the buddha Siṃhavikrāmin.
phan 'dogs|Attendant of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
phan 'gro ma|Mother of the buddha Siṃhagati.
phan byed|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
phan bzhed|A buddha.
phan bzhed|The 694th buddha in the first list, 693rd in the second list, and 684th in the third list.
phan don|Father of the buddha Siṃhabala.
phan ldan blo|Attendant of the buddha Caitraka.
phan ldan gshegs|The 847th buddha in the first list, 846th in the second list, and 836th in the third list.
phan ldan|Attendant of the buddha Bhavānta maṇi gandha.
phan pa'i blo|Attendant of the buddha Sūrata.
phan par 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puruṣadatta.
phan par 'gyur ba|A king in Royal Mountain of Great Intelligence’s buddha realm.
phan par 'jug pa'i mig|A town in Videha.
phan par bzhed mdzad pa|A buddha in the past.
phan par bzhed pa|The 110th buddha in the first list, 110th in the second list, and 111th in the third list.
phan par dga'|Father of the buddha Raśmi.
phan par dgongs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthitārtha (709 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phan par dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśānta (850 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phan par sems|Mother of the buddha Guṇavīrya.
phan par sems|Father of the buddha Prahāṇakhila.
phan par sems|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
phan par sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśadatta.
phan tshun dga'|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
phan tshun gnod pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
phar phyin drug|The six qualities that are to be perfected on the Mahāyāna path: generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and insight.
phar phyin lnga|The five perfections of generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, and concentration.
phas kyi rgol ba 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jayanandin.
phas kyi rgol ba rnam par 'jig pa la dpa' ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
phas kyi rgol ba tshar gcod pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthitārtha buddhi.
phas kyi rgol ba|One who teaches a false doctrine.
phas ma pham pa'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha.
phas ma pham|A great bodhisattva.
phas pham pa|The four downfalls for monastics resulting in the forfeit of the monastic vows: sexual intercourse, theft, murder, and claiming greater realization than one has.
phas pham pa|The pārājika are the first four defeats listed in the moral code of monks and nuns. Incurring a pārājika defeat entails exclusion from the order. Buddhaśrī 182b4–6https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3798.html says a pārājika defeat is not as bad as a giving-up-bodhicitta defeat because a pārājika defeat is not absolutely wrong. Habituated behavior, lust and so on, causes the pārājika defeat, but it is not absolutely necessary that lust is the motivating factor when the activity is engaged in. So, the activity leading to a pārājika is not absolutely wrong and does not preclude bodhicitta.
phas rgol dri ma med pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vajrasena.
pha|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
phel ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
phel byed|A householder in this sūtra.
pho ba ris|Piper nigrum.
pho brang brtsegs pa|Distinctive Indian assembly hall or temple with one ground-floor room and a high ornamental roof, sometimes a barrel shape with apses but more usually a tapering roof, tower, or spire, it contains at least one additional upper room within the structure. Kūṭāgāra literally means “upper chamber” and is short for kūṭāgāraśala, “hall with an upper chamber or chambers.” The Mahābodhi temple in Bodhgaya is an example of a kūṭāgāra.
pho mtshan mi snang bar nub pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the fourteenth of the thirty-two signs of a great being. In the Mahāvyutpatti and other sources this sign is expressed as “genitals concealed in a sheath” (kośa gata vasti guhya; {'doms kyi sba ba sbubs su nub pa}).
pho nya mo bzang mo|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
pho nya mo zhi ba|One of the kṛtī (or kṛti) spirits.
pho nya mo|The goddess of divine splendor.
pho nya mo|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
pho nya mo|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
pho nya mo|“Messenger,” a female spirit often employed in magical rites.
pho nya mo|One of the goddesses in some of the maṇḍalas of Avalokiteśvara.
pho nya mo|A class of nonhuman female beings (masc. dūta); the name literally means “messenger,” which implies that these beings can be employed as messengers through magical rites.
pho nya|A class of nonhuman beings, often employed in the service of the practitioner.
pho nya|A class of nonhuman beings; the name literally means “messenger,” which could imply that these beings can be employed as messengers through magical rites.
pho sum gang|A measure of weight.
phol mig|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
phongs pa dang bral ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Appearance of Countless Emanations.
phor chen|A yakṣa.
phra ba la 'jug pa'i mkhyen pa|The various aspects of the knowledge that engages in subtlety of conduct, etc. include the knowledge that engages with subtle transmigration at the time of death, the knowledge that engages with subtle processes of rebirth, and the knowledge that engages with subtle buddha activities—emanation, renunciation, manifestly perfect enlightenment, turning the wheel of the sacred doctrine, consecrating the lifespan, passing into final nirvāṇa, and so forth.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-130 .)
phra ba spong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Upakāragati.
phra ba'i gzhi|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
phra gzugs ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
phra ma rdo rje ma|Consort of Yellow Acala.
phra ma|The second among the four verbal misdeeds.
phra ma|The fifth of the ten nonvirtuous actions (see ten nonvirtuous courses of action).
phra ma|Fifth of the ten nonvirtuous (akuśala) actions, the first of the three related to speech (the latter two being harsh speech and senseless talk).
phra men ma|Unlike in tantric genres posterior to Kriyātantra where ḍākinīs can be part of the sambhogakāya pantheon, in Sūtra and Kriyātantra literatures a ḍākinī is a female spirit of a lower order.
phra rgyas|Various unwholesome mental states that lead to continued suffering and existence.
phrad med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.
phrag dog rdo rje ma|Consort of Green ‌Acala.
phrag dog rdo rje|The deity representing the faculty of smell.
phrag dog rdo rje|The deity personifying the true nature of the faculty of smell.
phrag dog|An afflictive emotion.
phrag dog|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
phrag dog|The mental state of jealousy, īrṣyā is sometimes translated as “envy.” It is classified as one of the twenty subsidiary afflictions (upakleśa).
phrag rtsub|A lord of the asuras; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
phrag rtsub|A king of the asuras, present at the teaching of the sūtra.
phreng 'dzin|One of the three classes of yakṣas at the base of Meru, below the paradises of the mahārājas, as part of the lowest class of paradises in the desire realm. Their name means “with māla beads in their hands,” and they are said to be constantly counting and therefore unable to follow the path to enlightenment.
phreng ba 'chang|A rākṣasī known only from this sūtra.
phreng ba bzang po|A monk disciple of the Buddha.
phreng ba can|A wandering ascetic, uncle of Śāriputra, whose dialogue with the Buddha is mentioned in the long Prajñā pāramitā sūtras.
phreng ba gnas pa|An area in Kuru.
phreng ba ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
phreng ba sna tshogs can|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
phreng ba stobs|The name of the people in the land where Maitreya was born. The sūtra states that it is in the south of India.
phreng ba'i nyes 'khor|A mountain in Kuru.
phreng ba'i sngags|A mantra that surrounds the central item in a diagram or magical drawing.
phreng ba|Fourth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
phreng ba|A string of beads, much like a rosary, that is used to count recitations of mantra. The beads may be made from seeds, gemstones, shells, or other natural substances, which are often specifically selected for the mantra deity being recited or the intended purpose of the rite.
phreng bzangs|Father of the buddha Yaśottara.
phreng bzang|A god from whom Śakra heard the Dharma in a previous life.
phreng ldan ma|Queen of King Prasenajit.
phreng mdzes can|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
phreng sgra snyan|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
phreng thogs kyi lha|A class of gods associated with the Four Great Kings.
phreng thogs|A class of godlings, probabably related to yakṣas.
phreng thogs|A class of gods associated with the Four Great Kings.
phreng thogs|“Garland-Holder,” a class of divine beings who live on Mount Sumeru.
phreng thogs|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
phreng thogs|The 28th buddha in the first list, 28th in the second list, and 29th in the third list.
phreng thogs|One of the three classes of yakṣas at the base of Meru, below the paradises of the mahārājas, as part of the lowest class of paradises in the desire realm. Their name means “with māla beads in their hands,” and they are said to be constantly counting and therefore unable to follow the path to enlightenment.
phreng|A park in Born in a Tank.
phrin las 'phags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
phri|Lit. “outer.”
phrog byed|The parasites that are said to live in the brains of women.
phub ma'i sbyin sreg|Type of homa where chaff fire is used or chaff is offered. Sometimes mixed with clarified butter.
phug gnas ma|One of the seven yakṣiṇīs.
phug gnas ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
phug ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
phug ron|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
phug sbas|A great bodhisattva.
phug sbas|A householder in this sūtra.
phug sbas|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
phug sbas|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
phug sbas|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
phug|A region of unknown location.
phul du byung ba|An upāsikā, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 16.
phul|The smallest measure of grain in ancient India, equivalent to about five or six ounces.
phun sum sna tshogs|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
phun sum tshogs ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
phun sum tshogs pa'i dbang phyug|One of the great brahmās.
phun sum tshogs par byed pa'i sde bzang po|A ruler of the Heaven Free from Strife.
phun tshogs kun la rab tu gnas|A buddha realm.
phung pho|The five skandhas (pañcaskandha) are: forms (rūpa), sensation (vedanā), conception (saṃjñā), formations (saṃskāra), consciousness (vijñāna).
phung po bcu pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amṛtādhipa (872 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phung po bstsags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
phung po bzang po 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vigataśoka.
phung po bzang po|Father of the buddha Ketuprabha.
phung po bzang|Father of the buddha Bhadradatta.
phung po chen po|A buddha in the world known as Illusory.
phung po chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmacandra (953 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phung po dpag med|Name of a tathāgata.
phung po gsum pa'i bshags pa|“The three heaps” is a term for the Buddha. This refers specifically to the Mahāyāna sūtra of that name, popularly known as The Thirty-Two Buddhas of Confession (Toh 284, Tri skandhaka sūtra).https://read.84000.co/translation/toh284.html
phung po gsum pa|A confessional practice for mending breaches of a bodhisattva’s discipline.
phung po gsum pa|According to the bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo, it is (merit made from) confession, rejoicing, and dedication, or confession, rejoicing, and requesting the turning of the wheel of Dharma.
phung po gsum|A division of all beings into three groups: noble beings, evil beings, and those in between.
phung po gsum|A well-known confessional rite practiced in order to purify transgressions of the precepts by those who have undertaken the bodhisattva’s discipline.
phung po gsum|This can refer to a group of three persons: (1) noble beings who are defined as “the group determined by the ultimate” ({yang dag par nges pa'i phung po}), (2) those who have cut the roots of virtue or committed the five deeds with immediate retribution and are defined as “the group determined by wrongdoing” ({log par nges pa'i phung po}), or (3) others who belong to the “indeterminate group” ({ma nges pa'i phung po}).
phung po las grol|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
phung po lnga|The basic components out of which the world and the personal self are formed, usually listed as a set of five: form, feeling, perception, formation, and consciousness.
phung po lnga|Five collections of similar dharmas under which all dependently arisen dharmas may be included: form (materiality), feeling, notion, assembled factors, and consciousness.
phung po lnga|In Buddhist philosophy, the five basic constituents upon which persons are conventionally designated. They are material forms, sensations, perceptions, formations, and consciousness.
phung po lnga|The five aggregates ({skandha}) of form, feeling, perception, formation, and consciousness. On the individual level the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected.
phung po lnga|The five aggregates of form, sensation, ideation, formation, and consciousness. On the individual level, the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected. They are referred to as the “bases for appropriation” (Skt. upādāna) insofar as all conceptual grasping arises based on these aggregates.
phung po lnga|The ordinary mind-body complex is termed the “five psycho-physical aggregates,” which comprise physical forms, feelings, perceptions, formative predispositions, and consciousness.\nFor a detailed exposition of the five psycho-physical aggregates in accord with A saṅga’s Abhi dharma samuccaya, see Jamgon Kongtrul, TOK Book 6, Pt. 2: 477–531.
phung po mtha' yas|Attendant of the buddha Brahmavasu.
phung po rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
phung po shin tu bshig pa|A great bodhisattva.
phung po yongs su grub pa|A buddha in the distant past.
phung po'i bdud|This is the figurative or embodied demon of the constituents in a being.
phung po'i bdud|The aspect of Māra associated with the power of the five aggregates to obstruct awakening.
phung po'i grong khyer|A city in Videha.
phung po'i kha|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
phung po'i lhag ma med pa'i mya ngan las 'das pa|The attainment of nirvāṇa without any remainder of the physical and mental aggregates.
phung po'i nad rab tu 'joms pa'i gtsug tor rnam par rgyal ba|A goddess.
phung po'i rigs|Wisdom, sensation, consciousness, matter, karmic formations, and discrimination.
phung po|Five collections of similar phenomena under which all compounded dharmas may be included: form, feeling, perception, formation, and consciousness. On the individual level the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected.
phung po|The constituents that make up a being’s existence: forms, sensations, identifications, mental activities, and consciousnesses. Often translated “aggregate,” commonly in the context of the five aggregates. Along with dhātu and āyatana, one of the three major categories in the taxonomy of phenomena in the sūtra literature.
phung po|The five aggregates of form, feeling, perception, formative predispositions, and consciousness. On the individual level, the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected. They are referred to as the “bases for appropriation” (Skt. upādāna) insofar as all conceptual grasping arises based on these aggregates.
phung po|The five aggregates (Skt. skandha) of form, feeling, perception, formative predispositions, and consciousness. On the individual level, the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected. They are referred to as the “bases for appropriation” (Skt. upādāna) insofar as all conceptual grasping arises based on these aggregates.
phung po|Lit. a “heap” or “pile.” The five aggregates of form, feeling, perception, volitional factors, and consciousness. On the individual level the five aggregates refer to the basis upon which the mistaken idea of a self is projected.\nHowever, in this text, five pure or uncontaminated aggregates are also listed, namely: the aggregate of morality, the aggregate of meditative stabilization, the aggregate of wisdom, the aggregate of liberation, and the aggregate of knowledge and seeing of liberation.
phung po|This translation of skandha is fairly well established, although some prefer the monosyllabic “group.” It is important to bear in mind that the original skandha has the sense of “pile,” or “heap,” which has the connotation of utter lack of internal structure, of a randomly collocated pile of things; thus “group” may convey a false connotation of structure and ordered arrangement. The five “compulsive” (upādāna) aggregates are of great importance as a schema for introspective meditation in the Abhidharma, wherein each is defined with the greatest subtlety and precision. In fact, the five terms rūpa, vedanā, samjñā, saṃskāra, and vijñāna have such a particular technical sense that many translators have preferred to leave them untranslated. Nevertheless, in the sūtra context, where the five are meant rather more simply to represent the relative living being (in the realm of desire), it seems preferable to give a translation—in spite of the drawbacks of each possible term—in order to convey the same sense of a total categorization of the psychophysical complex. Thus, for rūpa, “matter” is preferred to “form” because it more concretely connotes the physical and gross; for vedanā, “sensation” is adopted, as limited to the aesthetic; for samjñā, “intellect” is useful in conveying the sense of verbal, conceptual intelligence. For samskāra, which covers a number of mental functions as well as inanimate forces, “motivation” gives a general idea. And “consciousness” is so well established for vijñāna (although what we normally think of as consciousness is more like samjñā, i.e., conceptual and notional, and vijñāna is rather the “pure awareness” prior to concepts) as to be left unchallenged.
phur bu gsum pa|A king who was the Buddha in a former life.
phur bu gsum|According to the Notes on the Meaning, this is another name for Mātaṅgarāja (Tib. {gdol pa'i rgyal po}), who is often described in Indic literature as a king of a tribe outside the caste system. He also appears in the Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna (Toh 358: {stag rna'i rtogs pa brjod pa}).
phur bu rna|An Indian seer.
phur bu sgra rig|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
phur bu'i lha|Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
phur bus gang ba'i chu bo|A river in the Crushing Hell.
phur bu|One of the ancient sages, the chief priest of the gods.
phur bu|Both the deity of the planet Jupiter and the guru of the devas.
phur bu|The planet Jupiter. The Tibetan translation {phur bu}reflects the Sanskrit Kīlaka, which is also a name for the planet Jupiter.
phur pa'i dbyibs|(1) A mountain. (2) Another mountain mentioned in the story of Prince Sudhana, which is listed along with the mountain of the same name (differentiated in Tib. as {phur pa'i dbyibs}).
phyad pa'i blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
phyag bcu gnyid pa|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
phyag byas mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
phyag bzhi pa|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
phyag dang zhabs 'jam zhing gzhon sha chags pa|Third of the thirty-two major marks.
phyag dang zhabs dra ba dang ldan pa|Fifth of the thirty-two major marks.
phyag dang zhabs ji ltar dgongs pa bzhin dang ldan pa|Thirtieth of the eighty minor marks.
phyag dang zhabs kyi mthil dmar ba|Fifty-fifth of the eighty minor marks.
phyag dang zhabs kyi mtshan dpal gyis 'bar ba|Seventy-seventh of the eighty minor marks.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-403 ).
phyag dang zhabs yongs su dag pa|Sixty-second of the eighty minor marks.
phyag dang zhabs yongs su rgyas pa|Twenty-ninth of the eighty minor marks.
phyag dar khrod kyi sha za mo|One of the great piśācīs.
phyag dar khrod pa|The ascetic practice of gathering discarded rags and using them to produce one’s own garments.
phyag dar|An acceptable type of clothing for a Buddhist monk, as detailed in the Four Supports section.
phyag dga'|Son of the buddha Brahmamuni.
phyag dri ma med pa|A buddha.
phyag drug pa|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
phyag gi mthil mnyam pa|Thirty-first of the eighty minor marks.
phyag gi ri mo bar ma chad pa|Thirty-second of the eighty minor marks.
phyag gi ri mo mtho ba dag|Thirty-third of the eighty minor marks.
phyag mtshan bzang po|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
phyag mtshan|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the pratyeka buddhas.
phyag na gtsug gi rin po che|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
phyag na pad bsnams|The 837th buddha in the first list, 836th in the second list, and 826th in the third list.
phyag na rdo rje dbang dbang bskur ba'i rgyud|https://read.84000.co/translation/toh496.html. An important tantra of the Kriyā class.
phyag na rdo rje|A Buddhist deity and a legendary bodhisattva; in the MMK he is regarded as the master of powerful nonhuman beings.
phyag na rdo rje|An important bodhisattva, “Wielder of the Thunderbolt,” whose compassion is to manifest in a terrific form to protect the practicers of the Dharma from harmful influences.
phyag na rdo rje|A figure who takes on numerous personas in Buddhist literature, including as a yakṣa bodyguard of Śākyamuni, a bodhisattva, and an esoteric Buddhist deity involved in the transmission of tantric scripture.
phyag na rdo rje|First appearing in Buddhist literature as a yakṣa bodyguard of the Buddha Śākyamuni, Vajrapāṇi evolved into one of the primary transmitters of tantric scriptures, and is regarded as the head of the vajra clan (vajrakula) of esoteric Buddhism.
phyag na rdo rje|He first appears in Buddhist literature as the yakṣa bodyguard of the Buddha, ready at times to shatter a person’s head into a hundred pieces with his vajra if he speaks inappropriately to the Buddha. His identity as a bodhisattva did not take place until the rise of the Mantrayāna in such sūtras as the Kāraṇḍavyūha. However, although listed (paradoxically along with Avalokiteśvara) as being in the assembly that hears the teaching of this sūtra, in the sūtra itself he is grouped with the worldly spirits that Avalokiteśvara frightens.
phyag na rdo rje|First appeared in Buddhist literature as the yakṣa bodyguard of the Buddha, ready at times to shatter a person’s head into a hundred pieces with his vajra if he speaks inappropriately to the Buddha. His identity as a bodhisattva did not take place until the rise of the Mantrayāna in such sūtras as the Kāraṇḍavyūha (http://read.84000.co/translation/toh116.html). However, although listed (paradoxically along with Avalokiteśvara) as being in the assembly that hears the teaching of this sūtra, in the sūtra itself he is grouped with the worldly spirits that Avalokiteśvara frightens.
phyag na rin chen|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
phyag na rin chen|The 682nd buddha in the first list, 681st in the second list, and 673rd in the third list.
phyag na spos mchog|A buddha.
phyag rab tu brkyang pa|A buddha in the distant past in both chapter 22 and chapter 43.
phyag rgya bzhi|The impermanence of all conditioned phenomena, the suffering inherent to all conditioned phenomena, the selflessness of all phenomena, and nirvāṇa as the state of peace.
phyag rgya bzhi|A synonym for the “four aphorisms of the Dharma,” q.v. Often seen in Tibetan in the expanded form {bka' rtags kyi phyag rgya bzhi} (“the four seals of the [Buddha’s] teaching”), the nearest Sanskrit equivalent being dṛṣṭi nimitta mudrā (“the seals that are the marks of the [Buddhist] view”).
phyag rgya chen po|A very advanced practice that combines wisdom and means.
phyag rgya chen po|Awakened state described as the union of wisdom and means.
phyag rgya chen po|An important and polyvalent term in esoteric Buddhist literature, it is used here to refer to the form of Vajradhara as a “seal” of ultimate reality that one adopts in one’s meditative practice.
phyag rgya chen po|Lit. “great seal.” One of the three types of mudrā, with aspects as causal and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-077-002.html#UT22084-077-002-525 (see Introduction, https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-077-002.html#UT22084-077-002-77 et seq.).
phyag rgya lnga|The five accoutrements worn by wrathful deities, associated with charnel grounds; they are the diadem (for some female deities this is the choker), the earrings, the necklace, the wrist bracelets and the waist chain.
phyag rgya pa|The terms {phyag rgya pa} and {dam bzhag pa} are synonyms refering to one of several official administrative or managerial positions at a monastery.
phyag rgya yongs su 'dzin pa|Lit. “fully held seal.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
phyag rgya|The pair of the deity or practitioner in sexual yoga. See “consort (female)” and “consort (male).”
phyag rgya|An emblem, symbol, or gesture of esoteric significance related to specific deities or ritual acts.
phyag rgya|[The pair of the deity or practitioner in sexual yoga. See “consort (female)” and “consort (male).”]
phyag rgya|A polysemous term that indicates a “seal” in both the literal and metaphoric sense. It can refer to an emblem or symbol, a ritual hand gesture, or a consort in sexual practices. When paired with the term dhāraṇī it conveys the idea that a dhāraṇī seals or stamps the nature that it embodies upon the reciter or the targeted phenomenon.
phyag rgya|[The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. Here, the term “consort” has been used to render slighty different concepts or views of the female consort, most important of them are: mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā.\nMudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies, (also rendered here as “wisdom consort.”]
phyag rgya|The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. In this translation the term “consort” has been used to render different terms with slighty different concepts of the female consort, the most important being mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā. Mudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies (see also “wisdom consort”).
phyal phyang nge ba|Fifty-eighth of the eighty minor marks.
phye ba|A legendary realm in which Śiva will attain buddhahood.
phye ma lab|A river.
phye ma leb ltar 'jug pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
phye ma|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
phyed kyi 'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|A king who rules over only half the area of a full cakravartin.
phyed sgyur|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
phyi 'khor|{blon po} is the usual Tibetan translation of amātya.
phyi bzhin 'brang ba'i dge sbyong|A kind of apprentice disciple.
phyi ma'i mtha' sgrub pa la mkhas pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
phyi nang stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
phyi nang stong pa nyid|Third of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
phyi nang stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
phyi rol gyi grib ma|A forest in Fine Complexion and Large Body.
phyi rol gyi gzugs dkar po la lta ba|Sixth of the eight sense fields of mastery.
phyi rol gyi gzugs dmar po la lta ba|Fifth of the eight sense fields of mastery.
phyi rol gyi gzugs ser po la lta ba|Fourth of the eight sense fields of mastery.
phyi rol gyi gzugs sngon po la lta ba|Third of the eight sense fields of mastery.
phyi se|An image of the Buddha.
phyi stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
phyi stong pa nyid|Second of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
phyi stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses
phyi'i skye mched drug|The six outer sense fields, as listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-149 , comprise (1) the sense field of sights, (2) the sense field of sounds, (3) the sense field of odors, (4) the sense field of tastes, (5) the sense field of tangibles, and (6) the sense field of mental phenomena. These are part of the twelve sense fields.
phyin ci log bzhi|Taking what is impure as pure; what is impermanent as permanent; what is suffering as happiness; and what is non-self as a self.
phyin ci log bzhi|Perceiving what is impermanent to be permanent; what is suffering to be happiness; what is impure to be pure; and what is no self to be a self.
phyin ci log bzhi|The four errors are (1) the mistaken belief in permanence, (2) in the self (ātman), (3) in the purity of that which is impure, and (4) that the suffering is pleasurable.
phyin ci log bzhi|Viewing what is impermanent to be permanent, viewing what brings suffering to be pleasurable, viewing what is tainted to be pure, and viewing what is non-self to be self.
phyin ci log bzhi|These consist of mistaking what is impermanent for permanent; mistaking what is without self for self-possessing; mistaking what is impure for pure; and mistaking what is miserable for happy.
phyin ci log bzhi|(1) Seeing what is miserable as pleasurable, (2) seeing what is impermanent as permanent, (3) seeing what is impure as pure, and (4) seeing what is devoid of a self as having a self. See also “error.”
phyin ci log pa bzhi|The four misconceptions, as found in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-875 , comprise holding impurity to be purity, holding non-self to be self, holding suffering to be happiness, and holding impermanence to be permanence. See Negi (1993-2005): 3569 and Zhang Yisun et al (1985): 1748. At https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2139 they are expressed in slightly dissimilar language, namely: the notion that there is permanence, the notion that there is happiness, the notion that there is a self, and the notion that existence is pleasant.
phyin ci log|Cognitive error contrary to Buddhist truth, especially perceptions concerning purity, happiness, permanence, and the existence of an eternal self. See also “four errors.”
phyir 'gyed pa'i las|One of five types of disciplinary acts meted out by the saṅgha.
phyir mi 'ong ba'i 'bras bu|The state achieved by a non-returner.
phyir mi 'ong ba'i 'bras bu|One who has achieved the third of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who will not be reborn in saṃsāra any longer.
phyir mi 'ong ba'i 'bras bu|The third of the four levels of attainment of the vehicle of the śrāvakas, it is when one will no longer be reborn in the desire realm.
phyir mi 'ong ba|A practitioner whose level of realization is such that he or she need take no further saṃsāric rebirth to achieve enlightenment; they are in their final rebirth.
phyir mi 'ong ba|The third of the four stages of the śrāvaka path that culminate in becoming an arhat. At this stage, a being will not be reborn in this world but will remain there until liberation.
phyir mi 'ong ba|The third of the four stages that culminate in becoming an arhat. At this stage a being will not be reborn in this world but will be reborn in the Śuddhāvāsa paradise where he will remain until liberation.
phyir mi 'ong ba|The third of four levels of noble ones attainable on the path of the hearers. Beings on this level will no longer be reborn in the desire realm but rather in the pure abodes (śuddhāvāsika), where they will attain liberation.
phyir mi 'ong ba|The third of the four attainments of śrāvakas, this term refers to a person who will no longer take rebirth in the Desire Realm (kāmadhātu), but either be reborn in the Pure Abodes (śuddhāvāsa) or reach the state of an arhat in their current lifetime.
phyir mi 'ong ba|There are four kinds of “noble persons” (Skt. āryapudgala) according to the Śrāvakayāna path, characterized by a gradual abandonment of ten kinds of fetters (Skt. saṃyojana) that bind one to saṃsāra. This is the third of the four (or eight) stages of the realization of the supermundane path (and fruit) leading to awakening.
phyir mi ldog pa nyid|A stage in the bodhisattva path where the practitioner will never turn back.
phyir mi ldog pa'i 'khor lo bsgrags pa'i 'jig rten|Realm of a tathāgata.
phyir mi ldog pa'i 'khor lo dbyangs|Avaivartika cakra nirghoṣā (Sound of the Wheel of Nonregression) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Suniścita padma phullitagātra. “Nonregression” (Skt. avaivartika, Tib. {phyir mi ldog pa}) refers to a stage on the bodhisattva path where the practitioner will never turn back, or be turned back, from progress toward the full awakening of a buddha.
phyir mi ldog pa'i 'khor lo rab tu sgrog pa|Avaivartika cakra nirghoṣā (Where the Wheel of Nonregression Is Proclaimed) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Padma phullitagātra. “Nonregression” (Skt. avaivartika, Tib. {phyir mi ldog pa}) refers to a stage on the bodhisattva path where the practitioner will never turn back, or be turned back, from progress toward the full awakening of a buddha.
phyir mi ldog pa'i 'khor lo rin po che rtag tu don dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Free of Impurity.
phyir mi ldog pa'i 'khor lo|A great bodhisattva.
phyir mi ldog pa'i chos kyi 'khor lo|The fact that the Dharma is not a single dogma, law, or fixed system, but instead an adaptable body of techniques available for any living being to aid in his development and liberation is emphasized by this metaphor. This wheel is said to turn by the current of energy from the needs and wishes of living beings, and its turning automatically converts negative energies (e.g., desire, hatred, and ignorance) to positive ones (e.g., detachment, love, and wisdom).
phyir mi ldog pa'i chos kyi dbyings kyi dbyangs|A buddha in a world in the eastern direction in the past.
phyir mi ldog pa'i mig|Lit. “from which you cannot avert your eyes.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
phyir mi ldog pa'i sa|A level on the path to awakening at which point there is no danger of falling back into saṃsāra.
phyir mi ldog pa'i sa|A term used to describe a stage on the path at which further progress is assured, with no further possibility of retrogressing to a previous stage.
phyir mi ldog pa'i sa|A stage on the bodhisattva path on which the practitioner will never turn back, or be turned back, from progress toward the full awakening of a buddha.
phyir mi ldog pa'i sa|A level of no retrogression, the attainment of which assures further progress. Such a state is associated variously with different stages of the path or bodhisattva levels, as well as with pure lands such as Sukhāvatī or, in this case, Tuṣita heaven.
phyir mi ldog pa|A stage in the bodhisattva path where the practitioner will never turn back.
phyir mi ldog pa|The third stage on the path to arhat-ship; a non-returner who will no longer be reborn into saṃsāra.
phyir mi ldog pa|A stage in the gradual progression toward buddhahood, from which one will no longer regress to lower states.
phyir mi ldog pa|The stage on a bodhisattva’s path when there is no longer any chance of regressing to a preceding stage or state.
phyir mi ldog pa|A stage on the bodhisattva path where the practitioner will never turn back, or be turned back, from progress toward the full awakening of a buddha.
phyir mi ldog pa|The term avaivartika should not be confused with anāgamin. While the first is a Mahāyāna term referring to someone “not turning back,” i.e., irreversibly established on the path to full awakening, the other is a term referring to one who will not return to this world again after death but will attain arhatship in one of the highest heavens.
phyir rgol ba thams cad nges par 'joms|A buddha.
phyir zhing legs par sems pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jaya.
phyi|Lit. “outer.”
phyogs bcing ba|A protection rite designed to guard the subject against attack or assault from demonic forces and mantra or vidyā beings.
phyogs bcu mthong bas rnam par rtse ba'i mngon par shes pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vaiḍūryagarbha.
phyogs bcu snang bas rgyas par 'gengs pa'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
phyogs bcur rnam par lta ba|Lit. “seeing in the ten directions.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
phyogs bcu|The four cardinal directions along with the four intermediate directions, the zenith, and the nadir.
phyogs bdag|A king in the past.
phyogs blta grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyabala.
phyogs bzang|The 410th buddha in the first list, 409th in the second list, and 403rd in the third list.
phyogs can|A buddha realm.
phyogs dang phyogs mtshams 'jig rten mchod|Attendant of the buddha Śrī.
phyogs gcig na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
phyogs gnas ma|Mother of the buddha Ṛṣideva.
phyogs grags rin chen|Attendant of the buddha Ratnaprabhāsa.
phyogs grags|Attendant of the buddha Vimuktaketu.
phyogs gsal ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sumati.
phyogs gsal grags|Father of the buddha Sūrya.
phyogs gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Asaṅgakīrti.
phyogs gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyotiṣka (124 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phyogs gtsang ma|A mountain in White Body.
phyogs kun gzi brjid|A buddha in the distant past.
phyogs kun tu sgo mngon par bltas pa rgyal mtshan gyis rnam par brgyan pa|A group of world realms in the distant past.
phyogs kyi bdag po|A certain king of the city of Pāṁśula who lived before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni. His son was Reṇu.
phyogs kyi glang po|The eight elephants corresponding to the eight cardinal and ordinal directions and the eight world protectors.
phyogs kyi lhun po|A buddha realm.
phyogs kyi lhun po|A great bodhisattva.
phyogs kyi mchod rten|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Yaśodatta.
phyogs kyi mthu rtsal|Son of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
phyogs kyi sgron ma|A buddha realm.
phyogs kyi sgron ma|A great bodhisattva.
phyogs kyi tog|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
phyogs la rnam par lta ba|Lit. “seeing the directions.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
phyogs ldan|A buddha realm.
phyogs lha|Mother of the buddha Lokottara.
phyogs lta bzod|Son of the buddha Amoghagāmin.
phyogs lta|Son of the buddha Adīna.
phyogs lta|Mother of the buddha Deśāmūḍha.
phyogs ma bslad|The 789th buddha in the first list, 788th in the second list, and 778th in the third list.
phyogs mchod pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pūjya.
phyogs mchod|Son of the buddha Velāmaprabha.
phyogs mchod|Attendant of the buddha Rāhubhadra.
phyogs mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śubha cīrṇa buddhi.
phyogs mnyam dgongs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahātejas (783 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phyogs mtshams|A city in ancient India.
phyogs rab sgrogs|A buddha.
phyogs rnam par snang ba'i cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
phyogs rnams blta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānakīrti.
phyogs rnams gzigs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arciṣmat (499 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phyogs rnams kun tu sgron ma gsal ba'i bdag|A buddha in the distant past.
phyogs rnams lta|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nāgabhuja (169 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phyogs rnams rnam par lta ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Supārśva.
phyogs sems ma|Mother of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
phyogs snang|A great bodhisattva.
phyogs su 'phags|A buddha.
phyogs su rab bsgrags|A buddha realm.
phyogs su rnam grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amitatejas (206 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
phyogs su rnam par bsgrags pa'i go cha|A buddha.
phyogs su rnam par bsgrags pa|A great bodhisattva.
phyogs su yongs byung|The thirteenth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
phyogs thams cad du khyab pa'i mar me|A bodhisattva.
phyogs thams cad rab tu sreg pa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
phyogs yul 'gro ba mngon sum|The hundred-and-seventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
phyogs|A buddha realm.
phyug sbyin|Son of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
phyug yon tan mi thub rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past. His name as given in verse. In the prose he is called Īśvara guṇāparājita dhvaja.
phyugs bdag|“Lord of beings in the bonds [of existence],” one of the epithets of Śiva.
pi bang can gsum pa lha|A class of gods associated with the Four Great Kings.
pi bang gnyis pa|A class of godlings, probabably related to yakṣas.
pi bang gsum pa|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
pi bang|A traditional Indian stringed instrument, much like a sitar.
pi bang|A stringed instrument, similar to a sitar or lute, that is used in Indian classical music, especially of the Karnatak (South Indian) style.
pi lin da'i bu|A monk. Also referred to as “Pilinda.”
pi lin da'i bu|An arhat particularly remembered for being able to command the goddess of the Ganges River to make it stop flowing. She was annoyed by the brusque way he commanded her, but the Buddha said she was his servant for centuries in previous lifetimes and he addressed her that way out of habit, which is explained to be why his name means “leftover habits.”
pi lin da|A short form of “Pilindavatsa,” a monk.
pi pi ling|Piper longum.
pi sha tsi|A being from the Buddhist spirit world. See “piśāca.”
pi wang gis rtse ba|A lotus grove in Blazing Splendor.
pi wang gsum pa|A class of godlings, probabably related to yakṣas.
pi wang|A family of Indian chordophone instruments.
pi wang|A stringed instrument, similar to a lute, that is used in Indian classical music, especially of the Carnatic (South Indian) style.
pi wang|Presently this refers to the “Indian lute,” made with two gourds, and has been translated into Tibetan as the {piwang}, the traditional Tibetan stringed instrument. The term has been used as a general term for many stringed instruments in India in the past.
pib pa la|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
plag sha|Ficus religiosa or the waved-leaf fig tree, Ficus infectoria.
po Ta la|The mountain in the paradise of Avalokiteśvara.
po ta ra ka|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
pog|A resin from the mastic tree (Pistaci lentsicus), mainly cultivated from Greece to Persia, but was used in ancient India. Sanskrit dictionaries have conflated this with frankincense.
pon dra|A country in the northeastern part of India.
pon tra bcud kyis len drug 'dzin ma|A goddess.
pre ta a hi ba si|One of the two melāpakas.
pri Shi kA|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
pri yang ku|Callicarpa macrophylla.
pri yang ku|“A particularly tricky word – perhaps Agalia odorate?” (McHugh, 2008, p 180, n26). May also be Callicarpa macrophylla.
pu lin do|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
pu na rna ba|The name of a nakṣatra.
pu nar pa|Boerhaavia diffusa.
pu ro da sha|Cakes of grain and/or clarified butter offered as oblations in a fire ritual. The sixty-seventh of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
pu shel tse|Andropogon muricatus.
pul sti|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
pun da ri ka|Nelumbo nucifera. The white variant of the red lotus, which is otherwise the same species.
pun dra|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
pus ka ra sa ra|The name of a brahmin who appears in the āvadana literature as a ruler or chief of the town of Utkaṭa and alternately in the Mūlasarvāstivādavinaya as a king of Taxila (Edgerton 349.1).
pus mo'i lha nga dag mdzes par gyur pa|Third of the eighty minor marks.
pus pa dan ti|A rākṣasa goddess.
rA dza ni na rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
rA dza ni na|A lake in Living by Rājanina.
rA ma de ba|The name of a vetāla.
rA ma du ti|This has not been identified.
rA ma phA la|(1) A king of the Pāla dynasty who ruled from 1077–1120 ce ({rA ma phA la}). (2) The alternate spelling, {ne bai pA la}, is tentatively identified to be the very same king of the Pāla dynasty. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-8447 .
rA ma|A rākṣasī living on Ardhamaru.
rI Shi|A class of celestial beings, the “sages”; in the convention adopted here, the term when left in Sanskrit denotes a nonhuman sage. The name, in the sense of a celestial sage, occurs also in the name of the constellation “Seven Ṛṣis” (saptarṣi) that corresponds to the seven stars of the Great Bear.
ra 'gro ba|One of the two bodhisattvas standing by the gateway in the Mañjuśrī maṇḍala.
ra dug|Possibly a poisonous plant of the Ranunculaceae family, known more commonly by names such as wolfsbane and monkshood.
ra gha ba|A brahmin statesman.
ra hu sha|Son of the buddha Dharmakīrti.
ra ma yo|A sea to the west of Jambudvīpa.
ra sa|Guggulu or Commiphora mukul (McHugh 2008, p 180 n28).
rab 'ba'|A brahmin who was the Buddha in a former life.
rab 'byor chen po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rab 'byor|A foremost pupil of the Buddha, known for his wisdom.
rab 'byor|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight great śrāvakas.
rab 'byor|One of the closest disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni, known for his profound understanding of emptiness.
rab 'byor|One of the Buddha’s foremost disciples and younger brother of the benefactor Anāthapiṇḍada; regarded as the disciple with the foremost understanding of emptiness.
rab 'byor|One of the ten great śrāvaka disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni, known for his profound understanding of emptiness. He plays a major role as an interlocutor of the Buddha in the Prajñā pāramitā sūtras.
rab 'byor|Disciple noted for his profound concentration on voidness; as interlocutor of the Buddha, a major figure in the Prajñā pāramitā sūtras. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-927 .
rab 'dren|A buddha realm.
rab 'joms|Unidentified.
rab 'joms|An unvirtuous nāga king.
rab 'joms|This could be the name of more than one deity.
rab 'joms|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rab 'phags|Son of the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.
rab 'phrul dga'|King of the gods of Nirmāṇarati.
rab 'phrul dga'|Head god of the Nirmāṇarati class of gods.
rab 'phrul dga'|A divine king in the Heaven of Delighting in Emanations.
rab 'phrul dga'|The chief god of the Heaven of Delighting in Emanations.
rab 'phrul dga'|The principal deity in the Nirmāṇarata paradise, the second highest paradise in the desire realm.
rab 'phrul|The principal deity in the Nirmāṇarata paradise, the second highest paradise in the desire realm.
rab 'phyang|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
rab 'phyang|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rab 'thab bral|Head of the Yāma gods.
rab 'thab bral|King of the gods of Yāma.
rab 'thab bral|A divine king in the Heaven Free from Strife.
rab 'thab bral|The chief god of the Heaven Free from Strife.
rab 'thab bral|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
rab 'thab bral|A divine heaven, and the suyāma (“free from strife”) class of gods who inhabit it.
rab 'tshe ma|The principal deity in the Yāma paradise, the third of the six paradises in the desire realm.
rab brtan|A certain stūpa in Magadha located near Forest of Reeds.
rab brtan|(1) A nāga king ({rab brtan}). (2) The king of banyan trees ({shin tu rab gnas}).
rab bsngags pa|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Demonstrator of Consequences attains buddhahood as the tathāgata Lamp of Fire.
rab bzang|A charioteer of King Śuddhodana.\nNot to be confused with the mendicant Subhadra.
rab bzang|A certain mendicant.\nNot to be confused with Subhadra the charioteer of King Śuddhodana. After his death, a series of miracles confirmed that he had been a practitioner of the Buddha’s monastic code.
rab bzhad ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rab chags gsal|One of the seven golden mountains that surround Mount Sumeru.
rab dga' chen po|A lake near Sudharma.
rab dga' ldan|King of the gods of Tuṣita.
rab dga' ldan|The principal deity in the paradise of Tuṣita. Also translated as {yongs su dga' ldan}.
rab dga' ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rab dga'|A certain gandharva king.
rab dga'|Attendant of the buddha Ūrṇa.
rab dga'|A lord of the asuras; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
rab dgod|Asura king of the fourth level, Immovable.
rab dgyes gsal ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṇyamati (941 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rab gnas|A buddha realm.
rab gnon blo gros|A bodhisattva present during the delivery of the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities.
rab gnon|A kind of person who possesses superhuman strength.
rab grol|A mountain.
rab gsal rgyal po|The 294th buddha in the first list, 293rd in the second list, and 293rd in the third list.
rab gsal|Father of the buddha Pradyotarāja.
rab gsal|Name of a monk from a previous eon.
rab gsal|A king based in Ujjain; contemporary of the Buddha.
rab gsal|The 956th buddha in the first list, 955th in the second list, and 946th in the third list.
rab kyi blo gros|A buddha.
rab kyi rtsal gyis rnam par gnon pa thub pa med pa'i tshogs can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tiṣya.
rab kyi rtsal gyis rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
rab kyi rtsal gyis rnam par gnon pa|Lit. “Pressing with Utmost Skill.”
rab kyi rtsal gyis rnam par gnon pa|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
rab kyi rtsal gyis rnam par gnon pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
rab kyi rtsal gyis rnam par gnon pa|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
rab kyi shugs kyi bdag|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
rab lhun|The mountain at the center of the disk of the world with the four continents around it.
rab mang brtsegs|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rab mchog gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mānajaha.
rab mchog ldan|The name of a nakṣatra.
rab mchog ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rab mchog rab tu gnas pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
rab mchog|A nāga king.
rab mchog|Mother of the buddha Sārathi.
rab mchog|One of the five goddesses personifying the five “hooks of gnosis.”
rab mdzes|A bodhisattva.
rab mdzes|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rab med|A river in hell.
rab mthong|The eminent monk who brought the Buddhist community to the Gloomy Forest.
rab mthor gshegs|A buddha in the past.
rab mtshe ma|The principal deity in the paradise called Yāma.
rab rib kun bsags pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
rab rib med pa|Name of the sixty-eighth meditative stability.
rab rib med pa|Lit. “free from eye disease.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rab rib pa|The timira disease includes a variety of eye disorders including myopia, cataract, etc. In the context of Buddhist texts, this term is used to refer to eye floaters (i.e., spots, specks, or strings appearing in one’s visual field). This eye disorder is called myodesopsia or muscae volitantes (Latin for “flying flies”).
rab rtsal|Attendant of the buddha Ṛṣiprasanna.
rab sbyin grags|The 656th buddha in the first list, 655th in the second list, and 647th in the third list.
rab sbyin|Another name of Anāthapiṇḍada.
rab sbyin|A wealthy lay patron of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Also known as Anāthapiṇḍada.
rab sbyor|One of the seven golden mountains that surround Mount Sumeru.
rab sdug|Attendant of the buddha Vratanidhi.
rab sgrogs|A buddha realm.
rab sgrogs|(1) A buddha in the past ({sgra snyan dbyangs}). (2) A king who was Mahāpraṇāda’s father ({rab sgrogs}).
rab snang|Name of a ruler of Ujjayinī.
rab snang|Son of King Anantanemi of Ujjayinī.
rab snang|King of Ujjayinī, in Śiṃśapā Forest, where Buddha Śākyamuni sometimes dwelt. Also called just “Pradyota.”
rab song dge 'dun|One of the śmaśānas.
rab song dge 'dun|One of the charnel grounds.
rab spro|A virtuous nāga king.
rab tsha ba|One of the eight hot hells.
rab tshangs pa|A Brahmā god.
rab tu 'bar ba|A buddha.
rab tu 'byung ba|To leave the life of a householder and embrace the life of a wandering, renunciant follower of the Buddha.
rab tu 'byung ba|Leaving the life of a householder and embracing the life of a wandering, renunciant follower of the Buddha.
rab tu 'byung ba|The term used for renunciation and the taking of vows as a novice, monk, or nun at the vinaya or pratimokṣa level of Buddhist practice.
rab tu 'byung ba|To renounce settled, household life (“going forth from home into homelessness”) to become a monk or nun, or a wandering spiritual practitioner.
rab tu 'byung ba|To leave the life of a householder and embrace the life of a renunciant, by taking vows as a novice, monk, or nun at the vinaya or pratimokṣa level of Buddhist practice.
rab tu 'byung ba|To leave the life of a householder and embrace the life of a renunciant. In some passages in this text, especially when followed by the term {bsnyen par rdzogs pa}, this term has been amplified for clarity as “go forth as a novice,” this being a first stage leading to full ordination as a bhikṣu or bhikṣuṇī.
rab tu 'dren pa|Reincarnation of Damaśrī, prince living in the past at the time of the buddha Merugandha.
rab tu 'joms|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhapakṣa.
rab tu 'phel ba'i dpung|A thus-gone one of the past.
rab tu 'phyang ma|One of the eight great yakṣīs.
rab tu brgyan pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sahitaraśmi.
rab tu brgyan pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhacandra.
rab tu brgyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Prabhākara.
rab tu brgyan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Aśoka.
rab tu brgyan|A world system.
rab tu brgyan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇakūṭa.
rab tu brgyan|The 148th buddha in the first list, 148th in the second list, and 148th in the third list.
rab tu bsgrags pa'i rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
rab tu byung ba|A person who has abandoned lay life and taken ordination as a Buddhist monastic.
rab tu byung ba|The Tibetan term can refer to a religious mendicant or monk or to the life of such a mendicant or monk.
rab tu byung ba|To go forth from the home into homelessness, or to renounce the worldly life of a lay person, in order to become a monk or nun.
rab tu byung ba|The Tibetan literally means “to go forth” or “one who has gone forth.” Refers to who one has renounce settled, household life (“gone forth from home to homelessness”) to become a monk or wandering spiritual practitioner.
rab tu byung ba|The Sanskrit pravrajyā literally means “to go forth,” with the sense of leaving the life of a householder and embracing the life of a renunciant. When the term is applied more technically, it refers to the act of becoming novice monk (śrāmaṇera; {dge tshul}) or nun (śrāmaṇerikā; {dge tshul ma}), this being a first stage leading to full ordination as a fully ordained monk or nun.
rab tu byung|Refers to one who has left the life of a householder and embraced the life of a wandering, renunciate follower of the Buddha.
rab tu bzang ldan|A river. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2169 .
rab tu bzang po'i 'jig rten|Realm of a tathāgata.
rab tu bzang po|One of the disciples of the Buddha.
rab tu bzhad pa'i spyan|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rab tu char 'bebs chen po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rab tu dang ba chen po|A mountain range in the Heaven Free from Strife.
rab tu dang ba'i chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rab tu dang bar 'gro ba|A forest in Continuous Movement.
rab tu dang bar snang ba chen po|A part of Mountainous Garland.
rab tu dang ba|A mountain range in the Heaven Free from Strife.
rab tu dang ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pūrṇamati (191 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rab tu dben pa|Name of a great city in the world, countless eons ago.
rab tu dga' ba'i 'dzam bu'i phreng ba|A gandharva colony on Mount Sāra.
rab tu dga' ba'i 'od la dbang ba|A queen in the distant past.
rab tu dga' ba'i dbang po|A bodhisattva and monastic teacher of a past eon.
rab tu dga' ba'i mig 'gro bar rnam par snang ba|A night goddess. Also called Jyotirarci nayanā.
rab tu dga' bar gyur pa'i chu|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks ({dga' ba'i chu}). (2) A river on Saṅkāśa ({rab tu dga' bar gyur pa'i chu}).
rab tu dga' ba|The first ground of the bodhisattvas.
rab tu dga' ba|A world system in the southern direction.
rab tu dga' ba|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rab tu dga' ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of Sublime Goodness.
rab tu dga' ba|(1) An emanated forest created upon the shoulders of Airāvaṇa. (2) A lake near Sudharma.
rab tu dga' ba|Lit. “Joyful.” The first level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
rab tu dga' byed|A buddha realm.
rab tu dge ba|Father of the buddha Sudhana.
rab tu dgod pa|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
rab tu dpal ldan|Name of a sage.
rab tu dul ba|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rab tu gdon mi za ba pad mo rgyas pa'i sku|A buddha.
rab tu gdul dka'|A nāga king.
rab tu gdul dka'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Akṣaya (568 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rab tu gdung ba|Father of the buddha Vaśavartirāja.
rab tu gdung byed|A nāga king.
rab tu gnas pa|Name of the fifty-fourth meditative stability.
rab tu gnas pa|Name of the bodhisattva Heroic Strength in a later life.
rab tu gnas pa|Lit. “good standing.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rab tu grub pa|A world system.
rab tu gsal ba|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
rab tu gtsang ba|A mountain range in the Heaven Free from Strife.
rab tu gtum pa ma yin pa'i gzugs|Alternative name for Serene.
rab tu gtum pa ma yin pa|A ruler of the Heaven Free from Strife. Also called Serene Form.
rab tu ldag byed|Parasites that are said to live inside women’s wombs.
rab tu lhun po|A bodhisattva.
rab tu mdor bstan|A word-by-word commentary on the Laghukālacakratantra.
rab tu mgyogs ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rab tu mi bzad cing mchog tu 'jigs pa|A river in the Reviving Hell.
rab tu mi bzad pa|A realm that neighbors the Black Line Hell.
rab tu mtho ba|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
rab tu rgod byed|One of the grahas.
rab tu rgyas par bshad pa|A word-by-word commentary on the Mūlatantra.
rab tu rgyug pa|A class of asuras.
rab tu rmugs byed|The court priest of King Brahmadatta of Pañcāla.
rab tu rnam par 'dres pa'i khor yug na rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife, possibly the same as Continuous Movement ({rgyun gyis rgyu ba}).
rab tu rtse bar byed pa|A pond on Equal Peaks.
rab tu sbyin dpa'|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
rab tu snang ba'i 'jig rten|Realm of a tathāgata.
rab tu snang ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rab tu snang ba|The buddha field of the Buddha Light of Sandalwood Incense.
rab tu snying rje can|A Mahābrahmā in the southeast.
rab tu spro ba|A virtuous nāga king.
rab tu spro ba|Asura king of the fourth level, Immovable.
rab tu sreg pa chen po|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
rab tu thub dka'|A bodhisattva.
rab tu thul dka'|Name of a tathāgata.
rab tu tsha ba|Lit. “Very Hot.”
rab tu tsha ba|One among the eight hot hells.
rab tu tsha ba|“Very Hot,” one of the hot hells.
rab tu tsha ba|The very hot hell; the seventh of the eight hot hells.
rab tu tsha ba|One of the great hells; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-234 .
rab tu tsha ba|Seventh of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. Inhabitants of this hell undergo all the sufferings of the Hot Hell, as well as being seared, beaten, and skewered.
rab tu tshim byed|One of the kings of the asuras; also, the king of all animals.
rab tu zhi ba dang ldan pa|The name of an absorption.
rab tu zhi ba mkhas pa'i gzi brjid dbyangs kyi dbang phyug gi rgyal po|A buddha who lives in a buddha realm below this world.
rab tu zhi ba rnam par dul ba'i dbang phyug|A bodhisattva god in the assembly receiving Buddha Śākyamuni’s teachings.
rab tu zhi ba rnam par nges pa'i cho 'phrul|An absorption.
rab tu zhi ba sgrub pa|Name of a meditative absorption.
rab tu zhi ba'i 'gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Asaṅgakīrti.
rab tu zhi ba'i blo gros|A monk.
rab tu zhi ba'i blo gros|Attendant of the buddha Mahāprabha.
rab tu zhi ba'i nga ro|A bodhisattva.
rab tu zhi ba'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Viśiṣṭa svarāṅga.
rab tu zhi ba'i sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rab tu zhi ba'i spos kyi gtsug bzang po|A buddha in the distant past.
rab tu zhi ba'i stabs|The 881st buddha in the first list, 880th in the second list, and 871st in the third list.
rab tu zhi ba'i stobs|Birthplace of the buddha Muniprasanna.
rab tu zhi bar gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
rab tu zhi bar nyams dga' ba|Birthplace of the buddha Śāntimati.
rab tu zhi bar spyod pa|A buddha.
rab tu zhi ba|A buddha realm.
rab tu zhi ba|Lord of the Heaven of Joy.
rab tu zhi ba|Father of the buddha Praśāntamala.
rab tu zhi ba|This stock phrase refers to states of peace or absence of disturbing thoughts and emotions. In his commentary on the Kāśyapa parivarta, Sthiramati correlates these three states of peace with deepening stages of meditation on the Buddhist path.
rab tu zhi dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candra.
rab tu zhi dul|Birthplace of the buddha Praśāntagātra.
rab tu zhi ldan|Mother of the buddha Vigatamala.
rab tu zhi stabs|The 365th buddha in the first list, 364th in the second list, and 359th in the third list.
rab tu zhi zhing dul ba'i dbang phyug|The name of Destroyer of Nonvirtue when he becomes a buddha.
rab zhi bdag po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candrodgata (833 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rab zhi blo gros 'od|“The Brilliance of Peaceful Realization.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
rab zhi dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sughoṣa.
rab zhi dul ba'i dbang phyug|A god in the assembly receiving the Buddha Śākyamuni’s teachings.
rab zhi mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sugandha.
rab zhi'i sku|The 636th buddha in the first list, 635th in the second list, and 628th in the third list.
rab zhir gshegs pa|The 490th buddha in the first list, 489th in the second list, and 483rd in the third list.
rab zhi|Son of the buddha Sughoṣa.
rab zhi|Attendant of the buddha Guṇavīrya.
rab zhi|The 715th buddha in the first list, 714th in the second list, and 704th in the third list.
rad rod can|A yakṣa lord.
ral gri bzang mo'i rig pa 'dzin pa|A female sword vidyādhara.
ral gri mchog|Thirty-fourth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ral gri rig sngags 'chang|A class of vidyādharas.
ral gri zla ba|One of the māras.
ral gri'i lo ma|“Razor Leaves,” one of the hells.
ral gri'i tshogs can|A bodhisattva in this sūtra.
ral gris 'tsho|One of the seven kings mentioned in the story of Govinda.
ral gri|One of the rāśis.
ral gyi mchog|Thirty-fourth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ral pa can gyi dbyibs|A vidyādhara site on Kālaka.
ral pa can|The Tibetan king who reigned from 815–38 ce.
ral pa can|A king of Tibet who reigned from 815 to 838.
ral pa can|King of Tibet, who reigned 815–838 ce. Also known as Tritsuk Detsen ({khri gtug lde btsan}).
ral pa can|A king of Tibet, born circa 806, who reigned from 815 to 838. His formal name was Tritsuk Detsen ({khri gtsug lde btsan}).
ral pa can|A religious sect of men distinguished by their long, clotted hair, to which the Buddha’s disciple Venerable Uruvilvā Kāśyapa had belonged. The Buddha ordained a thousand of them in Uruvilvā.
ral pa can|The Brahmā of the universe Aśoka, who is personally called Śikhin to distinguish him from Brahmās of other universes (see Brahmā). The second of the “seven buddhas of the past” is also called Śikhin but his name is rendered in Tibetan as {gtsug gtor can}.
ral pa cig|A goddess.
ral pa gcig ma|A vidyā queen (vidyārājñī).
ral pa gcig pa|One of the deities in the maṇḍala of Avalokiteśvara-Amoghapāśa and in some of the maṇḍalas of Avalokiteśvara.
ral pa gser 'dra|A young brahmin from Suvarṇadvīpa who brings news to Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana that confirms their teacher Sañjayin’s prophecy and sparks their search for the Buddha.
ral pa ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rams|Indigofera tinctoria.
rang 'byung rdo rje|(1284–1339). An important master in the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism ({karma bka' brgyud}). He is considered the third master in the lineage to have the title of Karmapa.
rang byang chub|Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation as a result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, does not have the accumulated merit and motivation to teach others.
rang byin blabs pa|This is a consecration of oneself (in the Sanskrit compound, the word "self" is in a genitive case relationship with "consecration").
rang byung gi bsnyen par rdzogs pa|The Buddha’s ordination as a monk was a self-ordination, not presided over by a preceptor or following one of the ritual procedures that were later adopted by the tradition.
rang byung sangs rgyas|An epithet for Buddha Śākyamuni, or for any fully awakened buddha.
rang byung|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rang byung|An epithet frequently applied to buddhas to denote their quality of being self-manifest, i.e., not born through causes and conditions.
rang byung|The Buddha’s ordination as a monk was a self-ordination, not presided over by a preceptor or following one of the ritual procedures that were later adopted by the tradition.
rang bzhin 'od gsal rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
rang bzhin bsod nams 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rang bzhin du gnas pa|An adjective applied to a monk who observes his vows and hence is “in good standing” or to a person who is sound of mind.
rang bzhin du gnas pa|Schmithausen understands this term as meaning “normal”: “should we [indeed] say that even the normal ({rang bzhin du gnas pa}, *prakṛtisthita?) images . . .” (Schmithausen 2014, p. 392, n. 1733). I understand the use of {rang bzhin du gnas pa} as implying a context where the object of the cognition is not an object of concentration corresponding to visualization practices as in the case of the kasiṇa. In the Pāli tradition, kasiṇa designates a visualization object used as a support for the totality of the meditator’s attention. In this paragraph, {sems can} has the connotation of beings who do not practice the yoga taught in this chapter, that is, ordinary beings.
rang bzhin gyi snying po 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|The central figure of the maṇḍala surrounded by a group of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
rang bzhin gyi stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
rang bzhin lus dpal bzang po|The hundred-and-tenth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS in verse: Prakṛtīśarīra śiri bhadra.
rang bzhin rnam par bltas pa|Lit. “has seen the basic nature.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rang bzhin stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
rang bzhin stong pa nyid|Twelfth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
rang bzhin yang dag par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rang bzhin|The inherent nature of a phenomenon; in the present text, this is possibly a reference to the buddha-nature, or tathāgatagarbha.
rang bzhin|“According to Sāṁkhya, the prime substance, from which the material universe evolves, as opposed to puruṣa, pure consciousness.” (Reat, 39 n5).
rang bzhin|This term denotes the ontological status of phenomena, according to which they are said to possess existence in their own right—inherently, in and of themselves, objectively, and independent of any other phenomena such as our conception and labelling. The absence of such an ontological reality is defined as the true nature of reality, emptiness. Also rendered here as “basic nature.”
rang bzhin|A fundamental ontological principle of the non-Buddhist Sāṅkhya tradition. Prakṛti is the undifferentiated potentiality that contains all possible transformations of thought and matter. It can either persist in an unmanifest or manifest state, manifesting only when it comes into contact with the second fundamental Sāṅkya principle, puruṣa, a basic mode of timeless awareness. When these two come into contact, the internal complexities of cognition and perception and the external complexities of the material world progressively unfold, thereby creating the known universe.
rang bzhin|Svabhāva is usually rendered as “self-nature,” sometimes as “own-being,” both of which have a certain literal validity. However, neither artificial term has any evocative power for the reader who has no familiarity with the original, and a term must be found that the reader can immediately relate to his own world to fulfill the function the original word had in its world. In our world of identities (national, racial, religious, personal, sexual, etc.), “identity” is a part of our makeup; thus, when we are taught the ultimate absence of identity of all persons and things, it is easy to “identify” what is supposedly absent and hence to try to understand what that entails.
rang gi 'dod pa'i lha|A sambhogakāya deity to which the practitioner has a samaya commitment, commonly known by the students of Tibetan Buddhism as yidam.
rang gi lus kyi 'od|The forty-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
rang gi mtshan nyid stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
rang gi mtshan nyid stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
rang gi mtshan nyid stong pa|Thirteenth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
rang gi ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
rang gi sgra snang ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mayūra.
rang gi yul bar rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
rang gsal ma|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
rang lus kyi rgyags pa|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
rang rgyal gyi theg pa|The vehicle comprising the teaching of the pratyekabuddhas, literally “solitary enlightened ones” or “buddhas on their own.” The pratyekabuddhas are typically defined as those who have attained liberation but do not teach the path to liberation to others. Pratyekabuddhas are said to appear in universes and times in which there is no fully enlightened buddha who has rediscovered the path and taught it to others.
rang rgyal|Synonymous with pratyeka buddha.
rang rgyal|Those who, in times when there is no buddha, reach enlightenment on their own, but do not teach the Dharma to others.
rang rgyal|A person who in his final life achieves realization through contemplating the twelve links of dependent origination without following an external teacher.
rang rgyal|A hermit buddha who attains individual enlightenment, either in solitude or in small groups, without relying on a teacher.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-8 ).
rang rgyal|Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation as a result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, does not have the accumulated merit and motivation to teach others. They are named as “rhinoceros-like” (khaḍgaviṣāṇakalpa) for their preference for staying in solitude or as “congregators” (vargacārin) when their preference is to stay among peers.
rang rgyal|“Solitary buddha.” Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation, hence their alternate epithet, pratyayajina, which means one who has become a jina, or buddha, through dependence [on external factors that were contemplated upon]. This is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary accumulated merit nor the motivation to teach others.
rang rig|The nonconceptual wakefulness that is both the basis for and the result of tantric sādhana practice.
rang sangs rgyas kyi sa|Name of the eighth level attainable by bodhisattvas. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1282 .
rang sangs rgyas kyi theg pa|The path of the pratyekabuddhas.
rang sangs rgyas kyi theg pa|The way or vehicle of the pratyeka buddhas.
rang sangs rgyas kyi theg pa|The vehicle comprising the teaching of the pratyekabuddhas.
rang sangs rgyas kyi theg pa|The way of the pratyekabuddha, particularly characterized by contemplation on the twelve phases of dependent origination.
rang sangs rgyas sa|The eighth of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels” and “pratyekabuddha.”
rang sangs rgyas|A “solitary enlightened one,” or “buddha on one’s own,” this refers to one who has attained liberation but does not teach the path to liberation to others. Pratyekabuddhas are said to appear in universes and at times in which there is no fully enlightened buddha who has rediscovered the path and taught it to others.
rang sangs rgyas|Someone who has attained liberation without relying on a teacher in their final lifetime and as a result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, does not have the accumulated merit and motivation to teach others. Like śrāvaka (“hearer”), this term is also used to denote Buddhists who do not follow the Mahāyāna.
rang sangs rgyas|Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation as a result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, does not have the accumulated merit and motivation to teach others. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-001.html#UT22084-051-001-731 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-001.html#UT22084-051-001-734 .
rang sangs rgyas|Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation as a result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, does not have the accumulated merit and motivation to teach others. They are named as “rhinoceros-like” (khaḍgaviṣāṇakalpa) for their preference for staying in solitude or as “congregators” (vargacārin) when their preference is to stay among peers.
rang sangs rgyas|“Solitary buddha.” Someone who has attained liberation entirely through their own contemplation, hence their alternate epithet, pratyayajina, which means one who has become a jina, or buddha, through dependence [on external factors that were contemplated upon]. This is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary accumulated merit nor the motivation to teach others.
rang sangs rgyas|Literally, “buddha for himself,” or “solitary realizer.” Those who attain buddhahood in a time when the Buddha’s doctrine is no longer available in the world, and who remain either in solitude or among peers, without teaching the path to liberation to others. Their attainment is the result of progress in previous lives but, unlike a buddha, they do not have the necessary accumulated merit nor the motivation to teach others.
rang skyur|The name for a number of plants and substances such as a fermented rice gruel, a medicinal plant, an edible legume, or a kind of creeping plant.
rangs byed dpal|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rangs byed kyi bu lhag spyod|A teacher with whom Siddhārtha studied meditation.
rangs byed kyi rol mo'i sa 'dzin|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rangs ma'i gdong|One of the subtle channels in the body.
ras bal can gyi tshal|Where Buddha converted a noble band of sixty youths.
ras bal|karpāsa (rendered here “shrub cotton”) and Tūla (rendered here as “tree cotton”) are both kinds of cotton, perhaps overlapping as is translated into Tibetan as {ras bal} in some texts. Our rendering is based on the Tibetans’ choice of the term {shing bal} and the existence of a number of species of Gossypium, among which are the diploid, Asian G. arboreum and G. herbaceum (cf Monier Williams); Negi’s Tibetan-Sanskrit dictionary also mentions five kinds of tūla, at least some of which are trees. Other possible distinctions might be between annual and perennial plants, or varieties grown in different regions.\nSee https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-274 .
ras chung pa|(1083–1161). A close disciple of Milarepa, who traveled to India and brought back some of the teaching cycles that Marpa had not transmitted, as well as the Amitāyus tradition he received from the yoginī Siddharājñī.
ras gos|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
ras yug chen|“Large” meaning twelve cubits. An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
ra|Twenty-eighth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rdo ba 'drim pa|A river on Upward Ocean.
rdo dreg|Bitumen, benzoin, or lichen (McHugh, 2008, p 180 n25).
rdo grub chen bstan pa'i nyi ma|A famous Tibetan scholar (1865–1926) of the Ancient ({rnying ma}) tradition who composed an explication of the dhāraṇī genre entitled An Ornamental Explanation of the Bodhisattva Dhāraṇī: A Garland of Eloquent Explanation that Adorns the Auspicious Body of the Victorious Mother (byang chub sems dpa’i gzungs kyi rgyan rnam par bshad pa rgyal yum lus bzang mdzes byed legs bshad phreng ba).
rdo mangs|A country.
rdo me 'bar ba char ltar 'bab pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
rdo rje 'byung|A buddha realm.
rdo rje 'chang|An epithet of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje 'chang|A bodhisattva known as a fierce protector of the Buddha.
rdo rje 'chang|In the context of this text, Vajradhara is another name for Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje 'chang|In tantra traditions, the name of a primordial buddha, but here perhaps an alternative name for Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje 'chang|‟Vajra holder”; in the Bhūta ḍāmara Tantra this appears to be an epithet of Vajrapāṇi, the deity who teaches this tantra.
rdo rje 'dod ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje 'dzin pa|In tantric traditions, the name of a primordial buddha.
rdo rje 'dzin pa|In the context of the AP, Vajradhara is another name for Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje 'dzin|One of the tathāgatas.
rdo rje 'dzin|An epithet of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje 'dzin|Father of the buddha Puruṣadatta.
rdo rje 'dzin|Here used as an epithet of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje 'dzin|An epithet of the bodhisattva Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje 'jigs byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje bde byed|The Buddhist counterpart of Śiva.
rdo rje bla ma'i ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
rdo rje blo gros|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rdo rje blo gros|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
rdo rje blo gros|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
rdo rje byed pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje byin|Son of the buddha Vajrasena.
rdo rje byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pradyota.
rdo rje bzhad ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje bzhed|A buddha.
rdo rje can|A mountain.
rdo rje can|One of the kings of the nāgas.
rdo rje can|“Possessor of vajra”; an epithet of male sambhogakāya deities embodying the adamantine non-duality; a follower of the Vajrayāna; an epithet for anyone abiding in non-duality.
rdo rje chen po zom|One of the deities in the maṇḍala of Avalokiteśvara-Amoghapāśa.
rdo rje chen po|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
rdo rje chu|Urine; it is referred to as “vajra water” when used in rituals.
rdo rje dag pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rdo rje dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rdo rje dbying kyi dbang phyug ma'i rtsa|The most sensitive spot of the woman’s genitals.
rdo rje dbyings kyi dbang phyug ma|Consort of Caṇḍa mahā roṣaṇa. See also “Vajra realm.”
rdo rje dbyings las rgyal ba|A bodhisattva in the Buddha Akṣobhya’s retinue in this tantra.
rdo rje dbyings ma|A technical term roughly equivalent with dharmadhātu and most probably to be understood in the context of the respective maṇḍala central to many Yoga tantras.
rdo rje dbyings|The experiential sphere of nonduality.
rdo rje dbyings|Intrinsically pure reality experienced through non-dual cognition.
rdo rje dbyug pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje dgyes gnas skyob|A bodhisattva in the Buddha Akṣobhya’s retinue in this tantra.
rdo rje dpung pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje drag mo|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdo rje dril bu|Bell with a handle in the shape of a vajra scepter.
rdo rje gdan pa|This is Amoghavajra, Vajrāsana the younger (eleventh century), who was the successor of Vajrāsana the elder. They were both the abbots of the Vajrāsana Monastery in what is now Bodhgaya. His teachings are important in the Sakya tradition.
rdo rje gdan|Another name of Bodhgaya.
rdo rje gdan|Another name for the “seat of awakening.”
rdo rje gdug pa kun 'dul|A bodhisattva in the Buddha Akṣobhya’s retinue in this tantra.
rdo rje gnod sbyin ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdo rje go cha|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje gom pas rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
rdo rje grags pa dga' ba can|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glory of Being Renowned for Superior Skill That Brings Satisfaction resides.
rdo rje gtum po|Lit. “Fierce Vajra.”
rdo rje gzhu|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje gzugs brnyan|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdo rje khab ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje khro bo|An epithet of Cakrasaṃvara.
rdo rje khro bo|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje khro gnyer can|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
rdo rje khro gnyer ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje kun tu 'dzin pa|A bodhisattva in the Buddha Akṣobhya’s retinue in this tantra.
rdo rje lag pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje lcags kyu ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdo rje lcags kyu ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje lcags kyu|An esoteric Buddhist deity who can be employed in rites of subjugation.
rdo rje lcags kyu|One of the eight goddesses visualized on the petals of a lotus in a ritual associated with the vajra scepter.
rdo rje lcags mda'|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje lcags sgrog ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdo rje lcags sgrog ma|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa, probably the same as Vajraśṛṅkhalā (“Vajra Chain”).
rdo rje lcags sgrog|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa, probably the same as Vajraśṛṅkhalā (“Vajra Chain”).
rdo rje lce ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje lta bu'i ting nge 'dzin|A very high level of samādhi obtained during the last stages of the Buddhist path.
rdo rje lta bur brtan pa thob pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
rdo rje lta bu|An absorption.
rdo rje lta bu|Name of the tenth meditative stability.
rdo rje lta bu|Lit. “diamond-like.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rdo rje lta bu|Applied to a particular meditative absorption that destroys all fetters and leads to the fifth path, that of no further training, in Sarvāstivāda and Mahāyāna systems.
rdo rje ltar brtan pa'i rgyal mtshan rgya mtsho'i sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
rdo rje lte ba|An absorption.
rdo rje lte ba|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje lu gu rgyud ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje lu gu rgyud ma|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa, probably the same as Vajraśṛṅkhalā (“Vajra Chain”).
rdo rje lu gu rgyud|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa, probably the same as Vajraśṛṅkhalā (“Vajra Chain”).
rdo rje mche ba|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje mdzes ma nyid|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
rdo rje mgrin pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje mi bzad 'joms|A bodhisattva in the Buddha Akṣobhya’s retinue in this tantra.
rdo rje mkha' 'gro ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva; one of the five ḍākinīs visualized on the five prongs of the vajra scepter.
rdo rje mkha' 'gro|A wrathful deity.
rdo rje mkhregs pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje mkhregs|The 749th buddha in the first list, 748th in the second list, and 738th in the third list.
rdo rje mthar byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje mthu bo che'i brtson 'grus|A buddha in the distant past.
rdo rje mtshon cha ma|One of the four retinue goddesses of Mahāsukhavajra.
rdo rje mtshon cha|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje nor bu|The 282nd buddha in the first list, 281st in the second list, and 281st in the third list.
rdo rje nyi ma|A sambhogakāya buddha personifying the true nature of the aggregate of sensation.
rdo rje pad mo'i bla|A buddha in an analogy given by the bodhisattva Vajra garbha.
rdo rje phag mo|A Buddhist goddess related to Vajrayoginī.
rdo rje pho nya mo|One of the “messenger” goddesses.
rdo rje phreng ba tshe sbyin ma|A goddess.
rdo rje phreng ldan|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rdo rje ping ga la|The name could suggest a Buddhist counterpart of the Śaiva deity Piṅgala, an attendant of Śiva.
rdo rje ra ba|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje ra li|This seems to be the Buddhist (Vajrayāna) name of the male deity, Aralli, in the centre of the dharmodaya.
rdo rje rab tu 'dul ba|A buddha in a northern realm.
rdo rje rab tu 'dul byed|A bodhisattva in the Buddha Akṣobhya’s retinue in this tantra.
rdo rje rab tu 'joms pa|Vajrapramardin (Vajra Vanquisher) is a buddha who inhabits a buddhafield. This buddhafield is specifically said to be Kaṣāyadhvajā in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-37.html#UT22084-036-008-63 and http://read.84000.co/translation/toh104.html#UT22084-048-004-76. In Toh 104 he is named Vajrasārapramardin (Vajra Essence Vanquisher).
rdo rje rgyal mtshan gyi snying po|A buddha realm in the southern direction.
rdo rje rgyal mtshan|A pore on Avalokiteśvara’s body.
rdo rje rgyal mtshan|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje rgyal|A sambhogakāya buddha personifying the true nature of the aggregate of mental formations.
rdo rje ri bo|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rdo rje rin po che'i ri'i gzi brjid|“The Magnificence of a Mountain of Precious Diamonds.” The precious elephant of a cakravartin in the past.
rdo rje rin po ches rnam par brgyan pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rdo rje rin po che|Lit. “vajra jewel.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rdo rje rna ba ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje rnal 'byor ma|A Buddhist goddess.
rdo rje rnam 'joms|A form of Vajrapāṇi widely employed in esoteric rites.
rdo rje rnam par 'dren pa|This seems to be a class of enlightened beings.
rdo rje rnam par 'joms pa|A Buddhist deity, the embodiment of the eponymous dhāraṇī revealed in The Dhāraṇī “Vajra Conqueror” and a form of the bodhisattva Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje rnam par gnon|A buddha.
rdo rje rnam par gnon|A great bodhisattva.
rdo rje rtse mo|A deity.
rdo rje rtse mo|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje sa 'og|A wrathful deity.
rdo rje sa mtshon pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje sa|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdo rje sbyin|Son of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
rdo rje sde ma|One of the goddesses from Vajrapāṇī’s retinue in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī.
rdo rje sde|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje sde|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūryagarbha.
rdo rje sdug pa|One of the four retinue goddesses of Mahāsukhavajra.
rdo rje sems dpa'|The deity delivering the CMT.
rdo rje sems dpa'|The sambhogakāya buddha who delivers the Sampuṭodbhava; he also represents the aggregate of consciousness.
rdo rje sems dpa'|Used as a proper name, Vajrasattva is one of the principle deities of the esoteric Buddhist pantheon, regarded as both a source of the Buddhist tantras and the exemplar of the awakened state. As an adjective, the term vajrasattva, literally “vajra being,” can also be applied to other esoteric Buddhist deities, particularly Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje sgrol ma|A form of Tārā, the Buddhist goddess of compassion, commonly depicted as golden yellow in color, with four faces and eight arms.
rdo rje snyems ma|One of the four retinue goddesses of Mahāsukhavajra.
rdo rje snying pos rab tu 'dul ba|A buddha.
rdo rje snying pos rab tu 'dul ba|Vajra sārapramardin (Vajra Essence Vanquisher) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Kaṣāyadhvajā.
rdo rje snying po|A buddha realm.
rdo rje snying po|A bodhisattva; in some parts of the Sampuṭa Tantra, he is the interlocutor of the Blessed One.
rdo rje spyan|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje sred med kyi bu|The Buddhist counterpart of Viṣṇu.
rdo rje thog 'bab ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje thogs pa|A yakṣa bodhisattva and Buddhist deity, also called the “general of yakṣas.”
rdo rje yang dag gnas|A buddha realm.
rdo rje yi ge ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje zhags pa ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdo rje zhal|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje zhi ba ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdo rje'i 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vegajaha.
rdo rje'i 'od|A bodhisattva.
rdo rje'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Arciṣmat.
rdo rje'i 'od|Not in Negi. {rdo rje 'od ma} appears in Negi as Skt. Vajrābha.
rdo rje'i 'od|The fifty-fourth buddha in the distant past. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3366 .
rdo rje'i blo gros ma|Mother of the buddha Vajrasena.
rdo rje'i blo gros mtshon cha|Name of a bodhisattva.
rdo rje'i blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
rdo rje'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Asaṅga.
rdo rje'i dkyil 'khor|An absorption.
rdo rje'i dkyil 'khor|Name of the twenty-third meditative stability.
rdo rje'i dkyil 'khor|Lit. “vajra circle.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rdo rje'i dpal|The name of countless realms in the ten directions, in each of which is a buddha named Vajradhvaja.
rdo rje'i gdan|Another name for the “seat of awakening.”
rdo rje'i gdan|The site of the Buddha’s ultimate awakening.
rdo rje'i gdan|The site of a buddha’s awakening, referring to the vajra seat of any buddha realm.
rdo rje'i gdan|The seat upon which a full realization of a buddha is attained. This attainment is one of the twelve great deeds of a tathāgata.
rdo rje'i gnas|This seems to be the name of the realm/abode of Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje'i gom pas rnam par gnon pa|A bodhisattva in a northern realm.
rdo rje'i grong khyer|A town in the Draviḍa region in South India.
rdo rje'i gtsug lag khang|The name of a monastery
rdo rje'i gtsugs|The names of two buddhas in the past: one not long before Dīpaṅkara and another in the far distant past. BHS verse: Vajiranābhi.
rdo rje'i lus|The body of the Buddha is like an indestructible vajra. While the term vajrakāya has specialized meaning in a tantric context, it is unlikely that such meaning is applicable here. In the Chinese, the term is translated as a “vajra-like, indestructible solid body” (jin gang bu huai jian gu zhi shen 金剛不壞堅固之身).
rdo rje'i mes rab tu rmongs par byed pa'i gzungs kyi lha mo|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
rdo rje'i mig|A bodhisattva.
rdo rje'i mngal|A cave inhabited by the asuras.
rdo rje'i myig|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rdo rje'i rang bzhin mi phyed gzi brjid brtan|A realm in the distant past.
rdo rje'i rgyal mtshan|An absorption.
rdo rje'i rgyal mtshan|The name of a past bodhisattva.
rdo rje'i rgyal mtshan|The 109th buddha in the first list, 109th in the second list, and 110th in the third list.
rdo rje'i rgyal mtshan|The name of countless buddhas, each in a realm named Vajraśrī, from which countless bodhisattvas come at the conclusion of the sūtra.
rdo rje'i rigs|The family associated with Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje'i rigs|One of the five buddha families, it is presided over by the Tathāgata Akṣobhya.
rdo rje'i rigs|In this context‌, the term vajrakula denotes the retinue of the wrathful bodhisattva Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje'i rigs|One of the three, four, or five clans into which esoteric Buddhist deities are organized. In Kriyātantra literature, the head of this clan is Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje'i rkang pas rnam par gnon|Name of a bodhisattva.
rdo rje'i rnal 'byor|(1) The four vajrayogas are the vajrayogas of purity (Skt. viśuddha), dharma, mantra, and form (Skt. saṃsthāna).\n(2) In this text, Vajrayoga is also the name of one of the six self-arisen supramundane beings, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-077-002.html#UT22084-077-002-92 .
rdo rje'i sbyin ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi. The attested Tibetan appears to in error, and should read {rdo rje'i smin ma}.
rdo rje'i sde|Son of the buddha Guṇadhvaja.
rdo rje'i sde|Father of the buddha Sarvārtha darśin.
rdo rje'i sde|The 246th buddha in the first list, 245th in the second list, and 245th in the third list.
rdo rje'i sgo|A pore on Avalokiteśvara’s body.
rdo rje'i sgrog|He is described in the text as a nāga king.
rdo rje'i sku|The aspect of the Buddha that is changeless and indestructible, like a vajra.
rdo rje'i snying po can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one All-Conquering Vajra.
rdo rje'i snying pos rab tu 'joms pa|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
rdo rje'i snying po|A great bodhisattva.
rdo rje'i snying po|The bodhisattva who gives all the teachings of The Ten Bhūmis while in the Para nirmita vaśa vartin paradise in the presence of a silent emanation of the Buddha Śākyamuni who has just attained buddhahood in Jambudvīpa. A bodhisattva of that name appears in passing in a few other sūtras and is the name of the principal interlocutor for the Hevajra Tantra, and the commentary to that tantra is also attributed to him.
rdo rje'i spyan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje'i stabs kyis 'gro ba|A bodhisattva.
rdo rje'i thal gong ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rdo rje'i tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
rdo rje'i zom chen po|One of the deities in the maṇḍala of Avalokiteśvara-Amoghapāśa.
rdo rjes byin|Father of the buddha Anindita.
rdo rjes rab du 'joms pa|Vajrapramardin (Vajra Vanquisher) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Kaṣāyadhvajā.
rdo rjes rab tu 'joms pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with the Essence of Vajra.
rdo rje|A ritual sceptre; thunderbot; a diamond; a general term denoting an indestructible non-dual state.
rdo rje|An impenetrable substance, used both as a reference to diamond and in particular to the thunderbolt held by the god Indra; also denotes indestructibility.
rdo rje|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
rdo rje|The term stands for indestructibility and perfect stability. According to Indian mythology, the vajra is the all-powerful god Indra’s weapon, likened to a thunderbolt, which made him invincible. It also relates to a substance called vajra, which is the hardest physical material.
rdo rje|The word vajra refers to the “thunderbolt,” the indestructible and irresistible weapon that first appears in Indian literature in the hand of the Vedic deity Indra. As a symbol of indestructibility and great power it is used in the Kāraṇḍavyūha to describe the qualities of the maṇi mantra.
rdo rje|The term stands for indestructibility and perfect stability. According to Indian mythology, the vajra is the god Indra’s weapon, which made him invincible. According to the Purāṇas, the vajra was made of the bones of the sage Dadhichi, who gave up his life, so that the gods could defeat the asuras.
rdo rtsub|Name of a location in Khaṣa.
rdo sbyin par byed pa|A river on Uttara Mountain.
rdol pa|The Gaṇḍa vyūha uses the same terminology as the Jain text Tandulaveyāliyua and differs from other sūtras. Other texts have {nar nar}. In the Nanda garbhāvakranti nirdeśa sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh57.html peśi is translated as {ltar ltar}.
rdor rje sde|A bodhisattva in the Buddha Akṣobhya’s retinue in this tantra.
rdul bral can|Birthplace of the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa.
rdul bral mchog|A buddha.
rdul bral rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva.
rdul bral sde|A great bodhisattva.
rdul bral|A nāga king.
rdul bral|A buddha realm.
rdul bral|One of the power places.
rdul bral|Mother of the buddha Jñānin.
rdul bral|Attendant of the buddha Tiṣya.
rdul bral|The 776th buddha in the first list, 775th in the second list, and 765th in the third list.
rdul bzangs|Birthplace of the buddha Arciṣmat.
rdul cing dri ma chags chags|Lit. “produced as one sweats and becomes dirty.”
rdul dang bral ba'i 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rdul dang bral ba'i blo gros|A buddha realm.
rdul dang bral ba'i dkyil 'khor|“Domain Free of Dust.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
rdul dang bral ba'i dpal gyi snying po|“The Essence of the Splendor That Is Free of Dust.” The name of a ray of light.
rdul dang bral ba|A bodhisattva.
rdul dang bral ba|A four-continent world realm.
rdul dang bral ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rdul dang bral ba|Lit. “dust free.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rdul dang bral ba|Virajā (Dustless) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Dharmadhvaja.
rdul dang dri ma dang mun pa 'joms pa|A buddha.
rdul gyi ri|A mountain in Godānīya.
rdul gyi tshogs dang bral ba|Lit. “Free of Dust Collections.” A world system in the intermediate southwest direction, where the buddha Sūrya maṇḍala prabhāsottara śrī now dwells.
rdul ldan|The name of an ancient city ruled by King Diśāṃpati. Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana are said to have lived on the outskirts of this city during their former lifetimes as ascetics.
rdul med bla ma'i ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
rdul med blo gros|A buddha.
rdul med cing rdul dang bral ba dang ldan pa|Name of the 105th meditative stability.
rdul med cing rdul dang bral ba'i tshul dang ldan pa|Lit. “endowed with a dustless mode free from dust.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rdul med khyu mchog|A buddha.
rdul med pa'i 'jig rten|Realm of a tathāgata.
rdul med pa|The realm of Buddha Padmaprabha.
rdul med pa|Lit. “dustless.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rdul med pa|The buddha realm of the buddha Displaying Leonine Power.
rdul med pa|Virajā (Dustless) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Dharmadhvaja.
rdul med rdul bral rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
rdul med rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
rdul med spos snang skar ma'i dpal|The name of the buddha that the sage Jyotīrasa will become, according to a prophecy by the Buddha.
rdul med|A buddha realm.
rdul med|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Ambrosia Melody.
rdul med|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rdul med|The 866th buddha in the first list, 865th in the second list, and 855th in the third list.
rdul myed dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rdul phran|One of the seven kings mentioned in the story of Govinda.
rdul rnam par bstsal ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rdul tshon dkyil 'khor|A maṇḍala created with colored powders.
rdul tshon sa|A particular part of the maṇḍala (?); the Tibetan reads “sand-colored ground”.
rdul zan|This appears to be another name for the cloak called saṃkakṣikā. It is listed as one of the extra two robes for a bhikṣuni, which covers the body, but in the Sarvāstivādavinaya, it is mentioned only twice, and both times in relation to bhikṣus. The Buddha says bhikṣus should cover their bodies with this cloak so their chest is not visible when they go on alms rounds in villages. The two Tibetan spelling variants mean either “sweat robe” or “dust robe.”
rdul|A buddha realm.
rdul|One of the rāśis.
rdul|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rdul|One of the three principles or forces of nature, as known in the Sāṃkhya philosophy, characterized by energy and movement.
rdul|A son of King Diśāṃpati of Pāṁśula who lived before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni. He became king after the death of his father. In The Hundred Deeds, he is said to have been a previous incarnation of King Bimbisāra.
rdza mkhan|Great lay follower of Buddha Kāśyapa.
rdza rnga chen po|A kettledrum with ends played horizontally. Unlike the mṛdaṅga, one half of the drum is wider than the other. Another description says that the heads of the drum are smaller than those of the mṛdaṅga.
rdza rnga ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
rdza rnga|A two-headed hand drum that is played horizontally, wider in the middle with one drum head smaller than the other. Seventy-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rdza rnga|A kettledrum played horizontally, wider in the middle, with the skin at both ends played with the hands. One drumhead is smaller than the other. It is a South Indian drum, and maintains the rhythm in Karnataka music.
rdzas su ma mchis pa|Things that are merely labelled through concepts or ideas.
rdzas|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rdzas|Things that are not merely labelled through concepts or ideas but are actually capable of performing a function, e.g., form.
rdzi ma|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
rdzing bu dal gyis 'bab|A lotus pond where the nāga king Supratiṣṭhita lives.
rdzing bu'i 'gram|One of the auxiliary charnel grounds.
rdzing bu'i phreng ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
rdzing|One of the groves in the realm of Thirty-Three.
rdzogs byed ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
rdzogs byed|One of the eight bhūta kings.
rdzogs byed|An abbreviation of Pūraṇa Kāśyapa.
rdzogs byed|Extremist teacher at the time of the Buddha
rdzogs byed|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
rdzogs byed|A certain brahmin, child of wealthy householders in Śrāvastī, who became an attendant of Venerable Aniruddha before returning home at his parents’ request and manifesting arhatship. Appears in the Story of Pūraṇa.
rdzogs chen|One of the four garuḍa kings, present at the teaching of the sūtra.
rdzogs ldan gyi dus|The first of the four ages of human life in Jambudvīpa. Humans in this age enjoy good qualities such as long lifespans free from disease (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-8228 ). Over the course of the four ages humans will lose a quarter of these qualities between each age.
rdzogs ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Anuddhata.
rdzogs ldan|Attendant of the buddha Mahāpraṇāda.
rdzogs ldan|The most auspicious in the cycle of four eons.
rdzogs ldan|(1) A disciple of the Buddha from Sūrpāraka ({gang po}). (2) A disciple of the Buddha from Kuṇḍopadhāna ({gang po}). (3) A haṃsa ({gang ba}). (4) A buddha in the past ({rdzogs ldan}).
rdzogs ldan|The 275th buddha in the first list, 274th in the second list, and 274th in the third list. The Tibetan-Sanskrit correspondence is tentative; see Skilling and Saerji 2016: p. 153 n. 56.
rdzogs mdzad|In chapter 29 it is the name of the sixth buddha in a list that begins with Kanaka muni. In chapter 44 it is the name of a future buddha in this kalpa. Mahāvyutpatti and other sūtras translate puṣya as {rgyal}.
rdzogs pa'i rim pa|The second of the two stages of tantric sādhana practiced. Its practices are specific to individual tantric systems but typically include sexual yogas, the consumption of illicit substances, manipulation of the subtle energetic anatomy or resting in an uncontrived state.
rdzogs par bsnyen pa|Someone fully ordained.
rdzogs par gsung|The 684th buddha in the first list, 683rd in the second list, and 675th in the third list. In regard to the correspondence between the Tibetan {rdzogs} and the Sanskrit anupama see Skilling and Saerji 2017: p. 325 n. 193.
rdzogs sems|Mother of the buddha Ratnaketu.
rdzu 'phrul 'gros|Mother of the buddha Guṇarāśi.
rdzu 'phrul 'od|Mother of the buddha Rāhugupta.
rdzu 'phrul 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmasvara (322 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rdzu 'phrul bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Abhijñāketu.
rdzu 'phrul can|Son of the buddha Puṇyapradīpa.
rdzu 'phrul can|Attendant of the buddha Surāṣṭra.
rdzu 'phrul chen po|One of the kinnara kings.
rdzu 'phrul dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vigatakāṅkṣa.
rdzu 'phrul gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa bzhi|Four types of absorption related to intention, diligence, attention, and analysis as they manifest on the greater path of accumulation.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa bzhi|These are (1) single-pointed intention, (2) single-pointed thoughts, (3) single-pointed diligence, and (4) single-pointed investigation.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa bzhi|The four foundations or bases of miraculous power are: determination, discernment, diligence, and absorption. These are among the thirty-seven factors of awakening.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa bzhi|Extraordinary abilities that arise due to success in meditation. They are the footings of success based on isolation, based on nonattraction, based on cessation, and matured by relinquishment.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa bzhi|The first basis of magical power consists of the energy from the conscious cultivation of concentration of will (chanda samādhi prahāṇa saṃskāra samanvāgataḥ). The second consists of the energy from the conscious cultivation of concentration of mind (citta‑). The third consists of concentration of effort (vīrya‑). The fourth consists of concentration of analysis (mīmāṃsa‑). These four form a part of the thirty-seven aids to enlightenment.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa bzhi|The four supports for miraculous ability, as enumerated in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-161 , comprise (1) the support for miraculous ability combining the meditative stability of resolution with the formative force of exertion, (2) the support for miraculous ability combining the meditative stability of perseverance with the formative force of exertion, (3) the support for miraculous ability combining the meditative stability of mind with the formative force of exertion, and (4) the support for miraculous ability combining the meditative stability of scrutiny with the formative force of exertion.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa gzhi|Intention, diligence, attention, and discernment.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa gzhi|Extraordinary abilities that arise due to success in meditation. They are the footings of success based on isolation, based on nonattraction, based on cessation, and matured by relinquishment.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|Four qualities that eliminate negative factors: zeal, vigor, attention (Tib. {sems pa}, Skt. citta), and investigation (Tib. {dpyod pa}, Skt. mīmāṃsā).
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|Four qualities belonging to the thirty-seven aids to awakening, these are concentration based on (1) intention, (2) diligence, (3) attention, and (4) analysis.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|Refers here to the four bases of miraculous power that belong to the thirty-seven factors conducive to awakening; they are determination, discernment, diligence, and contemplation.
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|Four types of absorption related to intention, diligence, attention, and analysis respectively. Among the https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-1953 (q.v.).
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|The four bases of magical power (Skt. ṛddhipāda, Tib. {rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa bzhi}) are: (1) concentration through will (Skt. chanda, Tib. {'dun pa}); (2) concentration through vigor (Skt. vīrya, Tib. {brtson 'grus}); (3) concentration through the mind (Skt. citta, Tib. {bsam pa}); (4) concentration through investigation (Skt. mīmāṃsā, Tib. {dpyod pa}).
rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|Four (supernatural) qualities or powers of the mind that help to gain the fruit of the path: aspiration, effort, concentration, and analysis. In contrast to what the name suggests, the actual supernatural power––like the ability to walk on water, dive into the earth, pass through solid objects, flying, etc.–– are usually considered byproducts and even distractions from attaining the fruit of the path: liberation.
rdzu 'phrul gyi yul bkod pa bzhi|These are (1) single-pointed intention, (2) single-pointed thoughts, (3) single-pointed diligence, and (4) single-pointed investigation.
rdzu 'phrul gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Acyuta.
rdzu 'phrul lha|Father of the buddha Maticintin.
rdzu 'phrul mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Āśādatta (464 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rdzu 'phrul rkang pa|Determination, discernment, diligence, and concentration.
rdzu 'phrul rkang pa|Four qualities that eliminate negative factors: zeal, vigor, attention (Tib. {sems pa}, Skt. citta), and investigation (Tib. {dpyod pa}, Skt. mīmāṃsā).
rdzu 'phrul shin tu sbyangs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vighuṣṭarāja.
rdzu 'phrul snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Gaganasvara.
rdzu 'phrul snang|Birthplace of the buddha Sarva vara guṇa prabha.
rdzu 'phrul spobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ketumat.
rdzu 'phrul tog|The 909th buddha in the first list, 908th in the second list, and 899th in the third list.
rdzu 'phrul|Son of the buddha Nāgaruta.
rdzu 'phrul|One of the five supernormal knowledges.
rdzu 'phrul|The ability to make manifest miraculous displays evident to ordinary beings.
rdzu 'phrul|The supernatural powers of a śrāvaka correspond to the first abhijnā: “Being one he becomes many, being many he becomes one; he becomes visible, invisible; goes through walls, ramparts and mountains without being impeded, just as through air; he immerses himself in the earth and emerges from it as if in water; he goes on water without breaking through it, as if on [solid] earth; he travels through the air crosslegged like a winged bird; he takes in his hands and touches the moon and the sun, those two wonderful, mighty beings, and with his body he extends his power as far as the Brahma world” (Lamotte 2003: 20). The great supernatural powers (mahāṛddhi) of bodhisattvas are: “causing trembling, blazing, illuminating, rendering invisible, transforming, coming and going across obstacles, reducing or enlarging worlds, inserting any matter into one’s own body, assuming the aspects of those one frequents, appearing and disappearing, submitting everyone to one’s will, dominating the supernormal power of others, giving intellectual clarity to those who lack it, giving mindfulness, bestowing happiness, and finally, emitting beneficial rays.” (Lamotte 2003: 30).
rdzubs pa|A deprecatory term meaning “old” or “out-of-date.”
rdzun du smra ba|Fourth of the ten non-virtuous actions.
rdzun du smra ba|The first among the four verbal misdeeds.
rdzus skyes|Fourth of the four modes of birth.
rdzus te skye ba|Regarded as the most superior of the four modes of birth, the three other modes being birth from an egg, birth from a womb, or birth from warmth and moisture. Those who take a miraculous birth are spontaneously born fully mature at the time of their birth.
rdzus te skyes pa|One of the fourfold classification of ways in which beings are born.
rdzus te skyes pa|One of the four modes of birth (caturyoni; {skes gnas bzhi}). Those who take miraculous birth are spontaneously born fully mature at the time of their birth. There are many categories of beings that can be born under these circumstances including gods, hungry ghosts, beings born in hell, beings born in the intermediate state (antarābhava; {bar ma do}), and even humans in special circumstances or in the pure realms.
re tsa ka|Exhalation (one of the four stages during a single breath).
re tu ka|A village or town. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2482 .
reg bya'i khams|Fourteenth of the eighteen sensory elements.
reg bya'i skye mched|Eleventh of the twelve sense fields.
reg na 'jam zhing gzhon pa'i lus|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
reg pa'i kha zas|Sustenance obtained through consciousness being in contact with an object; one of the four kinds of food.
reg pa'i skye mched drug|This refers to the six “internal entrances,” i.e., the five sense faculties plus thought.
reg pa'i zas|Second of the four nourishments.
reg pa'i zas|Sustenance obtained through consciousness being in contact with an object; one of the four kinds of food.
reg pa|The sixth link of dependent arising.
reg pa|Sixth of the twelve links of dependent origination.
reg pa|The sixth of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
reg pa|The contact of the sense organs with the sense objects. Also translated here as “sensory contact.”
reg pa|This can mean either, more literally, “touch,” or coming into contact; in the context of the twelve parts of dependent arising, “contact” refers more specifically to the coming together of the object, faculty, and consciousness. According to some abhidharma masters, this coming together gives rise to a specific entity called “contact,” while others consider “contact” to simply describe a specific state of those three entities, i.e., when object, faculty, and consciousness are “together” and thus able to give rise to notion. It is also worth noticing that the root spṛś is used far more often in Sanskrit than either “to touch” or “to come in contact with” is used in English, and can often mean something like “to obtain” etc.
rengs ba can|The period after exhalation and before the next inhalation (one of the four stages during a single breath).
rengs pa|A spirit that causes paralysis.
res ldan grong|It is not clear what location or entity this name refers to; the Sanskrit dictionary identifies it as the name of a river.
rga ba 'byung|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rga ba med pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rga shi 'joms pa|A buddha.
rga shi|Twelfth of the twelve links of dependent origination.
rgal ba po|Father of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
rgal gyur|Attendant of the buddha Ratna svara ghoṣa.
rgan byad ma|One of the great mātṛs.
rgan mo gdong|‟One with an Aged Face,” one of the eight demonesses who inhabit the eight great charnel grounds.
rgan mo|‟Pleasure,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs; one of the eight great yakṣiṇīs; the wife of Kāmadeva.
rgan zhugs|Someone who is ordained late in their life.
rgan zhugs|This term refers to those who renounce the world late in life, generally after having had and raised children of their own. It is somewhat pejorative; it is telling, for instance, that such monastics are directly addressed as “old-timers” rather than as “venerable,” the customary address for ordained monks.
rgod byed ma|‟Laughing One,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs.
rgod byed|One of the grahas.
rgod kyi phung po'i ri|Also known as “Vulture Peak,” a hill located in modern-day Bihar, India, and in the vicinity of the ancient city of Rājagṛha. A location where many sūtras were taught and which continues to be a sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists to this day.
rgod kyi phung po|A mountain by Rajghir in Bihar, which is the setting for many sutras. Also rendered here as “Gṛdhrakūṭa.”
rgod ldan|One of the grahas.
rgod ma'i kha|One of the emanations of Śiva.
rgod ma'i me|“Mare’s fire,” a subterranean mythical fire.
rgod pa dang 'gyod pa|One of the five obscurations.
rgod pa|Fifth of the five fetters associated with the higher realms.
rgol ba 'joms|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śrī.
rgol ba bsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānakrama.
rgol ba phung byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sumati.
rgol ba rab 'joms|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
rgol ba rab tu 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Saṃjaya.
rgol ba rnam par 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Merudhvaja.
rgol ba tshar gcod pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śrotriya.
rgol ba tshar gcod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
rgol ba'i longs spyod|A prize awarded by a king to the winner of a debate. In the Vinayavastu, the prize was title to a village and its taxes.
rgol bas 'jigs pa med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śāntagati.
rgol bas mchod|Attendant of the buddha Abhaya.
rgun 'bru'i chu|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rgun chang myos gnas|A realm of the ever-infatuated gods.
rgun chang myos|Mother of the buddha Apagatakleśa.
rgya chen blo|The forty-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past, and also the eighty-eighth buddha in another kalpa in the distant past.
rgya chen gzugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kāśyapa (471 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgya chen po'i 'od|The name of one of the bodhisattvas in the Buddha Śākyamuni’s presence in Śrāvastī in chapter 1 (where it is translated as {rgya chen po'i 'od}), and the name of the king, one of Sudhana’s kalyāṇamitras, in chapter 22 (where it is translated as {'od chen po}).
rgya chen po'i khor yug na rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife, presumably the same as Moving in Mixed Environments.
rgya chen snying po|The 601st buddha in the first list, 600th in the second list, and 594th in the third list.
rgya chen sprin bzhugs ma|A goddess.
rgya chen|Father of the buddha Nāgaruta.
rgya chen|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
rgya cher dga' ba|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rgya cher mdzes shing bkod pa legs|A merchant’s son.
rgya mtsho 'brug bsgrags nga ro|A bodhisattva.
rgya mtsho 'khrug byed|A preta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rgya mtsho bcu|An unidentified river in India.
rgya mtsho bcu|“Ten Lakes,” the country southeast of Madhyadeśa.
rgya mtsho blo 'dzin|A short form of Sāgara vara dhara buddhi vikrīḍitābhijña, the name that Ānanda will have when he is a buddha.
rgya mtsho brten pa|A town in South India.
rgya mtsho brtsegs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sadgaṇin.
rgya mtsho chen po bzhi|Four oceans believed to surround the central mountain, Mt. Meru, in Indian cosmology.
rgya mtsho chen po bzhi|In Buddhist cosmology, the four oceans in between the four continents that are at the cardinal points of the flat disc of the world, with the gigantic Mount Sumeru in its center.
rgya mtsho chen|Attendant of the buddha Janendrarāja.
rgya mtsho chos kyi sprin sgra sgrogs pa'i dbyangs|A buddha in the distant past.
rgya mtsho gyen du 'gro ba|A mountain on Videha.
rgya mtsho mchog 'chang blo rnam par rol pa'i mngon par shes pa|The name of Ānanda when he becomes a buddha in the future.
rgya mtsho mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Samudradatta.
rgya mtsho mu med pa|Lit. “limitless ocean.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rgya mtsho phun sum tshogs|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Sāgara śiri.
rgya mtsho rab tu gnas pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one He Who Overwhelms the Seat of Awakening with His Brilliance.
rgya mtsho rnam par rlob pa|An area in the south of India.
rgya mtsho'i 'brug gi sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rgya mtsho'i 'gram|A province in South India.
rgya mtsho'i 'gram|One of the charnel grounds.
rgya mtsho'i blo gros|Mother of the buddha Janendrarāja.
rgya mtsho'i blo|Father of the buddha Ratnaketu.
rgya mtsho'i blo|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
rgya mtsho'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Samudradatta.
rgya mtsho'i blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vibhrājacchattra (157 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgya mtsho'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rgya mtsho'i dkyil 'khor sgra'i nga ro|A bodhisattva.
rgya mtsho'i dpal|A buddha who lived in the distant past.
rgya mtsho'i glong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rgya mtsho'i klong|One of the emanations of Śiva.
rgya mtsho'i lha|The son of King Glacier Lake Deity, a past monarch of the city of Campā.
rgya mtsho'i lha|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
rgya mtsho'i lhun po mngon du 'phags|A buddha.
rgya mtsho'i mdzod|Attendant of the buddha Sārathi.
rgya mtsho'i mdzod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sucintitārtha.
rgya mtsho'i ngogs|An area in the Laṅka region of South India.
rgya mtsho'i phyag rgya|An absorption.
rgya mtsho'i phyag rgya|A great bodhisattva.
rgya mtsho'i phyag rgya|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
rgya mtsho'i phyag rgya|The name of an absorption and the name of a dhāraṇī.
rgya mtsho'i rgyal mtshan|A bhikṣu, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 9.
rgya mtsho'i rgyan gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
rgya mtsho'i sgo|An area in the south of India.
rgya mtsho'i sgra|Mother of the buddha Akṣaya.
rgya mtsho'i snying po|A buddha in the distant past.
rgya mtsho'i spos kyis bdugs pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Shining with Immeasurable Incense.
rgya mtsho'i sprin bkod pa'i gzi brjid kyi dkyil 'khor gdugs lta bu'i rgyal po|Lord of all the nāgas in the great trichiliocosm.
rgya mtsho'i sprin|A bhikṣu, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 5.
rgya mtsho'i sprin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rgya mtsho'i tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Hutārci.
rgya mtshos byin|A nāga king.
rgya mtshos byin|One of four cronies of Devadatta.
rgya mtshos byin|Mother of the buddha Sarvārtha darśin.
rgya mtshos byin|The 503rd buddha in the first list, 503rd in the second list, and 496th in the third list.
rgya mtshos byin|One of the members of a group of four monks described in the Vinaya as followers of Devadatta that attempted to create a schism in the Buddhist saṅgha.
rgya mtsho|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
rgya mtsho|The 387th buddha in the first list, 386th in the second list, and 380th in the third list.
rgya mtsho|Literally meaning “ocean,” he is a king of the nāgas, a class of semidivine snake creatures.
rgya mtsho|The ocean personified; the Gupta emperor Samudragupta who ruled Gauḍa and Magadha in the third quarter of the fourth century.
rgya mtsho|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sahitaraśmi (358 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgya mtsho|The principal nāga king. In the Samādhi rāja Sūtra (http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-001.html) this is said to be another name for Vaṛuna, the deity of the water.
rgya nag gzhan|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
rgya sbyin|A divine being who rules the Heaven of the Thirty-Three
rgya skegs kyi rna rgyan can|Another name of Bhavatrāta, a half brother of Pūrṇa from Sūrpāraka.
rgya skyegs kyi khu ba|A dye made from the insect Laccifer lacca.
rgya spos|Indian valerian or Valeriana jatamansi.
rgya spos|Valeriana wallichii. Specifically Indian valerian, also known as tagara and tagar.
rgya spos|The shrub Tabernaemontana coronaria from which a fragrant powder or perfume is obtained.
rgya spos|Either Tabernaemontana coronaria, Ervatamia divaricata, Valeriana hardwickii, or Valeriana wallichi (McHugh 2008, p 129 n34).
rgyab nas klung kun du gang bar 'bab pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rgyags med ma|Mother of the buddha Jaya.
rgyags pa'i kun dga' ra ba|One of four parks that surround the city of Radiant.
rgyags pa'i skyon dang sgrib pa thams cad spangs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vijita.
rgyags pa'i skyon zhi bar gnas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bhasmakrodha.
rgyags sbyin ma|The wife of Prince Viśvantara.
rgyal ba 'dzin|Name of a brahmin, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
rgyal ba bshes gnyen|Indian paṇḍita of the ninth century.
rgyal ba can|Birthplace of the buddha Merudhvaja.
rgyal ba dag pa|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
rgyal ba dam pa|A head merchant who is the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 26.
rgyal ba dang ldan pa|A buddha.
rgyal ba gsal|Attendant of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.
rgyal ba mchog 'gro|A mansion upon the mountain Playful in the forest Joyous Wisdom.
rgyal ba po|Lit. “Victorious.” King of the city of Undefeated Victory before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
rgyal ba thob pa|The ruler of the world Flower Origin.
rgyal ba thob pa|Lit. “gained the victory.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rgyal ba yi bshes gnyen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prāṇītajñāna (612 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgyal ba'i 'bangs|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rgyal ba'i 'od|King Śrīsena’s wife.
rgyal ba'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
rgyal ba'i 'od|Presumably a member of the royal dynasty in Kaliṅgavana. He is said to have donated the parkland that Bhikṣuṇī Siṃha vijṛmbhitā dwells in. Also the name of a king in another world realm in the distant past.
rgyal ba'i blo gros|Name of a bodhisattva.
rgyal ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue; also one of Māra’s sons.
rgyal ba'i blo gros|The name of a dhāraṇi taught in the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities.
rgyal ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva and monastic teacher of a past eon; the bodhisattva Mañjuśrī in a former life.
rgyal ba'i bshes gnyen|A great bodhisattva.
rgyal ba'i bshes gnyen|Son of the buddha Prabhūta.
rgyal ba'i dbang po|A buddha of the north.
rgyal ba'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
rgyal ba'i dbang po|Lit. “Victorious Indra.” A buddha in a world system called Jayā, in the northern direction.
rgyal ba'i dbyangs|Son of the buddha Prahāṇakhila.
rgyal ba'i dbyangs|A thus-gone one from whom the buddha Śakyāmuni received a dhāraṇī called jayamatī in one of his previous lifes.
rgyal ba'i drod kyi skye mched|A brahmin, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 12.
rgyal ba'i gnas|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
rgyal ba'i gtsug tor|One of the eight uṣṇīṣa kings.
rgyal ba'i khyu mchog|Name of a yakṣa general; a son of Kubera.
rgyal ba'i mchod rten|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhu sūrya garbha.
rgyal ba'i me tog tshogs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vratanidhi (924 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgyal ba'i nags|A forest on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Kāśyapa.
rgyal ba'i phung po|A bodhisattva. The Tibetan rendering could be derived from Jayaskandha, Jinaskandha, or Jinarāśi.
rgyal ba'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Balasena.
rgyal ba'i rje dpon|A king; the context suggests that he is a king of the nāgas or the asuras.
rgyal ba'i sde|Son of the buddha Kanakamuni.
rgyal ba'i sde|Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
rgyal ba'i sde|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Subhaga (634 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgyal ba'i sras po|An epithet for a bodhisattva meaning “child of the jinas.”
rgyal ba'i sras|“Son of the Jina,” a synonym for {bodhisattva}.
rgyal ba'i sras|“Son of the Jina.” While it is a synonym for bodhisattva, jinaputra is used more frequently in this sūtra.
rgyal ba'i zhags pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyal ba'i zla ba|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rgyal bar dga'|Son of the buddha Amitalocana.
rgyal bar dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇicaraṇa (416 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgyal bar dka' ba|The fifth bodhisattva bhūmi.
rgyal bar dka'|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāsthāman.
rgyal bar dka'|The 211th buddha in the first list, 210th in the second list, and 210th in the third list.
rgyal bar gyur pa|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
rgyal bas 'dzin|Father of the buddha Nāgadatta.
rgyal bas byin pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśomati.
rgyal bas byin|A bodhisattva of the north.
rgyal bas byin|Mother of the buddha Mahāprabha.
rgyal bas byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arthadarśin.
rgyal bas byin|Lit. “Victory Given.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Jayā, in the northern direction, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
rgyal bas dga'|The bodhisattva to whom this sūtra is spoken.
rgyal bas dgyes|The 348th buddha in the first list, 347th in the second list, and 342nd in the third list.
rgyal ba|One of the many standard titles or epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rgyal ba|The 66th buddha in the first list, 66th in the second list, and 67th in the third list.
rgyal ba|Lit. “Victorious.” A world system in the north direction, where the buddha Jayendra dwells.
rgyal ba|A common epithet of the buddhas, and also used among the Jains, whose name is derived from the term jina.
rgyal ba|One of the synonyms for a buddha. It literally means “victor” but is only used for founders of religious traditions.
rgyal ba|The most common epithet of the buddhas, and also common among the Jains, hence their name. It means “the victorious one.”
rgyal bo bzhi'i lha yul|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, lowest of the six heavens of the desire realm. It is located on the slopes of Mount Meru and ruled by the Four Great Kings.
rgyal bu rgyal byed kyi tshal|A park in Śrāvastī, the capital of Kośala in northern India. It was owned by Prince Jeta, from whom Anāthapiṇḍada bought it in order to offer it to the Buddha. It was a place where the Buddha and his community of monks stayed during the monsoon season, and therefore eventually became the first Buddhist monastery. It is the setting for many of the Buddha’s discourses.
rgyal bu rgyal byed kyi tshal|“Jeta’s Grove.” A grove to the south of the city of Śrāvastī. It was gifted to the Buddha and the monastic community by the merchant Anāthapiṇḍada after he purchased it from Prince Jeta by covering almost the entire grove with gold coins. The part that he could not cover was donated by Prince Jeta, who was impressed by Anāthapiṇḍada’s devotion and had a grand entrance built there with the sum of Anāthapiṇḍada’s gold coins.
rgyal bu rgyal byed kyi tshal|A grove in Śrāvastī, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Kośala in northern India, that was either part of or coextensive with Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park. The grove was owned by Prince Jeta and was purchased by the wealthy merchant Anāthapiṇḍada as an offering to the Buddha. The site was the residence of the saṅgha during the monsoon season and eventually became the first Buddhist monastery. It is the setting for many of the Buddha’s discourses.
rgyal bu rgyal byed kyi tshal|A park in Śrāvastī, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Kośala in northern India. It was owned by Prince Jeta, and the wealthy merchant Anāthapiṇḍada, wishing to offer it to the Buddha, bought it from him by covering the entire property with gold coins. It was to become the place where the monks could be housed during the monsoon season, thus creating the first Buddhist monastery. It is therefore the setting for many of the Buddha’s discourses.
rgyal bu rgyal byed kyi tshal|One of the first Buddhist monasteries, it is located outside of Śrāvastī and is also known as Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park. Anāthapiṇḍada, a merchant and benefactor of the Buddha, bought the land from Prince Jeta and donated it to the saṅgha. It is said that both names are mentioned to acknowledge their mutual efforts in building the monastery. It was there that the Buddha spent several rainy seasons and gave discourses that were later recorded as sūtras.
rgyal bu rgyal byed kyi tshal|A name of one of the first Buddhist monasteries, which is located outside of Śrāvastī. The monastery is also known as Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park. Anāthapiṇḍada, a merchant and benefator of the Buddha, bought the land from Prince Jeta and donated it to the saṅgha. It is said that both names are mentioned to acknowledge their mutual efforts in building the monastery. It was there that the Buddha spent several rainy seasons and gave discourses there that were later recorded as sūtras.
rgyal bu rgyal byed|Prince who sold the so-called garden of Prince Jeta in Śrāvastī to the householder Anāthapiṇḍada, who built a monastery there and offered it to the Buddha.
rgyal bu rgyal byed|The grove of Prince Jeta in Śrāvastī purchased by Anāthapiṇḍada; the Buddha taught many of his discourses there, especially during the rainy season retreat.
rgyal bu|Son of the buddha Suvarṇacūḍa.
rgyal byed kyi tshal|Prince Jeta’s Grove.
rgyal byed kyi tshal|One of the first Buddhist monasteries, it is located outside of Śrāvastī and is also known as Anāthapiṇḍada’s Park. Anāthapiṇḍada, a merchant and benefactor of the Buddha, bought the land from Prince Jeta and donated it to the saṅgha. It is said that both names are mentioned to acknowledge their mutual efforts in building the monastery. It was there that the Buddha spent several rainy seasons and gave discourses that were later recorded as sūtras.
rgyal byed ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rgyal byed ma|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī; one of the “four sisters” invoked in a mantra.
rgyal byed|Attendant of the buddha Lokaprabha.
rgyal byed|Prince who sold a piece of land in Śrāvastī to the householder Anāthapiṇḍada, who built a monastery there and offered it to the Buddha.
rgyal byed|A rishi of ancient India, who was said to have swallowed the Ganges when it first appeared, and then on being supplicated allowed it to come out of his ear.
rgyal byin|Attendant of the buddha Prasanna.
rgyal byin|Son of the buddha Pratibhāna kīrti.
rgyal byin|Son of the buddha Ratna svara ghoṣa.
rgyal chen blo gros|A bodhisattva.
rgyal chen bzhi'i gnas|First of six levels of gods in the desire realm.
rgyal chen bzhi'i ris kyi lha'i ris|The lowest of the six heavens of the desire realm, it is ruled over by the Four Great Kings, who each guard one of the cardinal directions.
rgyal chen bzhi'i ris kyi lha|A class of gods who inhabit the lowest among the six heavens of the desire realm, the dwelling place of the Four Great Kings.
rgyal chen bzhi'i ris|The lowest of the six heavens of the desire realm, it is ruled over by the Four Great Kings, who each guard one of the cardinal directions.
rgyal chen bzhi'i ris|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, lowest of the six heavens of the desire realm. It is located on the slopes of Mount Meru and ruled by the Four Great Kings.
rgyal chen bzhi'i ris|The four respective realms of the Four Great Kings—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa. They are the lowest of the god realms and found on the slopes of Mount Meru, one in each of the four directions.
rgyal chen bzhi'i ris|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, lowest among the six heavens of the desire realm. Dwelling place of the four great kings, traditionally located on a terrace of Sumeru, just below the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
rgyal chen bzhi'i ris|The realm of the Four Great Kings and their retinue constitutes the first and lowest heaven of the form realm on the slopes of Mount Meru. The Four Great Kings are Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the east, Virūḍhaka in the south, Virūpākṣa in the west, and Vaiśravaṇa in the north.
rgyal chen bzhi'i ris|For consistency {rgyal chen bzhi'i ris} is rendered cāturmahā rājika (“[gods] belonging to the group of the Four Great Kings”), even though there are a number of Skt. forms (Edg says the forms are cāturmahā rāja kāyika and less often caturmahā rāja kāyika, and cāturmahā rājika and less often caturmahā rājika) and slight differences are encountered in the Tib. translation. “Gods” is sometimes rendered explicitly and is sometimes implicit in the Tib.
rgyal chen bzhi|Gods of the four directions and the first heaven in the desire realm.
rgyal chen bzhi|The four divine guardians of the four cardinal directions (See “Four World Guardians”).
rgyal chen bzhi|The divine kings who rule the four directions: Vaiśravaṇa (who in this text appears under his alternative name Kubera), Virūḍhaka, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Virūpākṣa.
rgyal chen po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyal chen|Son of the buddha Samṛddha.
rgyal chen|Attendant of the buddha Rājan.
rgyal dbang|Attendant of the buddha Amṛtadhārin.
rgyal dga'i ri|A mountain in Uttarakuru.
rgyal dga'|A great bodhisattva.
rgyal dga'|Attendant of the buddha Madhura svara rāja.
rgyal dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāmeru.
rgyal dka' ma|Mother of the buddha Janendra.
rgyal dka'|Attendant of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
rgyal gyi lha|A past king.
rgyal gyi lha|A brahmin; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
rgyal ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Ugraprabha.
rgyal ldan ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyal ldan|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Earth Holder attains buddhahood as the tathāgata Lord of Wisdom.
rgyal ma|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
rgyal ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the great yakṣiṇīs.
rgyal mchog|Father of the buddha Prabhūta.
rgyal mchog|Son of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
rgyal mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Asthita.
rgyal mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Campaka.
rgyal msthan dpag med|Name of a tathāgata.
rgyal mtshan bral|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vaidya (34) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgyal mtshan dbang po|Father of the buddha Indra.
rgyal mtshan dkar po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyal mtshan dri ma med pa|In chapter 1 it is the name of one of the bodhisattvas in the presence of the Buddha at Śrāvastī (translated as {dri myed rgyal mtshan}). In chapter 44 it is the name of a bodhisattva in another world in the distant past (translated as {rgyal mtshan dri ma med pa}).
rgyal mtshan gyi dam pa dang ldan pa|A royal city in the distant past.
rgyal mtshan gyi gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.
rgyal mtshan gyi rtse mo'i dpung rgyan|Lit. “trophy atop the victory banner.” Name of a meditative stabilization. ({dpung rgyan} renders keyūra. Khri pa has {thog}, perhaps for ketu.
rgyal mtshan gyi rtse mo'i tog|Name of the twenty-fourth meditative stability.
rgyal mtshan gyi rtse mo|One of the bodhisattvas.
rgyal mtshan gyi tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyal mtshan mchog gi bdag po|A buddha realm below this world.
rgyal mtshan mchog gi dpung rgyan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
rgyal mtshan mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Atula pratibhāna rāja.
rgyal mtshan phas ma pham pa|A great bodhisattva.
rgyal mtshan rgyal po|The abbreviated name that the bodhisattva Incomparable/Stainless is prophesied to adopt when he takes his place as the tathāgata presiding over the buddhafield Full of Pearls after the tathāgata King of Jewels passes into parinirvāṇa. The full name of this tathagata in this work is Victory Banner King Whose Light Rays Illuminate All the World Realms in the Ten-Directional Unimpeded Circular Maṇḍala, Adorned with Completely Illuminating Sunlight, Endowed with a Space-Like Body Resembling Youthful Varuna, the Light of the Sun, a Moon Flower, and a Beautiful Golden Lotus.
rgyal mtshan sna tshogs|A buddha realm.
rgyal mtshan sna tshogs|An aerial palace in Samanta vyūha Park, also a forest of ashoka trees on the eastern edge of the town of Nandihāra, also a capital city in the distant past, as well as a four-continent world in the distant past.
rgyal mtshan tog|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector; in this text a guardian of the eastern direction.
rgyal mtshan|Second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rgyal mtshan|One of the eight auspicious symbols, often in the form of a roof-top ornament, representing the Buddha’s victory over malign forces.
rgyal po bzang|A god.
rgyal po chen po bzhi po|The powerful nonhuman guardian kings of the four quarters‍—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa‍—who rule, respectively, over kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north.
rgyal po chen po bzhi'i ris|A deity in the paradises of the Four Mahārājas.
rgyal po chen po bzhi'i ris|The paradise of the Four Mahā rājas situated around the base of Sumeru.
rgyal po chen po bzhi'i ris|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
rgyal po chen po bzhi|The four divine kings who preside over the lowest of the god realms, which are located on the slopes of Mount Meru: Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the east, Virūḍhaka in the south, Virūpākṣa in the west, and Vaiśravaṇa in the north.
rgyal po chen po bzhi|Four gods who live on the lower slopes (fourth level) of Mount Meru in the Heaven of the Four Great Kings and guard the four cardinal directions. Each is the leader of a semidivine class of beings living in his realm. They are Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, and Vaiśravaṇa.
rgyal po chen po bzhi|The powerful non-human guardian kings of the four quarters of this universe—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa or Kubera, as he is called in this text—who rule, respectively, over kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north.
rgyal po chen po bzhi|The Four Great Kings—Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa. They are gods of the first god realm of the desire realm and known as powerful guardians of the four quarters who rule, respectively, over kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north.
rgyal po chen po bzhi|The Four Great Kings are Virūḍhaka, Virūpākṣa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Vaiśravaṇa. They are gods of the first god realm of the desire realm and known as powerful guardians of the four quarters who rule, respectively, over kumbhāṇḍas in the south, nāgas in the west, gandharvas in the east, and yakṣas in the north.
rgyal po chen po bzhi|The Four Great Kings, or mahārājas, also known as the “Protectors of the World” ({'jig rten skyong ba}; lokapāla), are the protectors of the four directions: (1) Dhṛtarāṣṭra ({yul 'khor srung}) in the east, (2) Virūḍhaka ({'phags skyes po}) in the south, (3) Virūpākṣa ({spyan mi bzang}) in the west, and (4) Vaiśravaṇa ({rnam thos sras}) in the north.
rgyal po chen po lnga|The five great deities of the Heaven of Joy. In the Tibetan translation, they are specified as kings.
rgyal po chen po|A guardian of one of the four cardinal directions.
rgyal po chen po|Four deities on the base of Mount Meru, each one the guardian of his direction: Vaiśravaṇa in the north, Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the east, Virūpākṣa in the west, and Virūḍhaka in the south.
rgyal po chen po|A king ruling over a particularly large territory, often including the territories of other petty rulers; a class of divine beings assigned to the cardinal directions who guard the earth, Buddhist practitioners, and Buddhist institutions against demonic forces.
rgyal po chen po|Literally means “great king.” In addition to referring to human kings, this is also the epithet for the four deities on the base of Mount Meru, each one the guardian of his direction: Vaiśravaṇa in the north, Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the east, Virūpākṣa in the west, and Virūḍhaka in the south.
rgyal po che|A goddess.
rgyal po cho ga zhib mo|Literally “king of rites,” the term can refer to an actual ritual or a ritual text, such as the AP.
rgyal po dad par byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rājan.
rgyal po dkar zla mdzes|The last emperor of the Sātavāhana dynasty.
rgyal po gnyen ldan|A king during the life of the previous Buddha Vipaśyin.
rgyal po la gnod pa'i las byed pa|One of the classes of people barred from joining the renunciate order.
rgyal po las gzhon nu'i yongs su spang ba thob|A stylized way to say that a person or group may govern itself and is not subject to the “law of the land.” The Buddhist saṅgha enjoyed such autonomy. The analogy means the king granted sovereignty to the saṅgha, which was then allowed to govern itself and was not subject to the law of the land. The legal exemption members of the saṅgha enjoyed made it an attractive sanctuary for those on the run from their masters, debt collectors, and the law, who would join the saṅgha for legal rather than spiritual reasons. “From ancient times the legal tradition recognized the right of properly constituted groups to formulate their own laws” (Olivelle, 1993, 209).
rgyal po mdo bcu|In addition to the Five Royal Sūtras: (6) Aparimitāyur jñāna (tshe dang ye shes dpag tu med pa’i mdo, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh674.html); for extending longevity ({tshe bsring}). (7) gos sngon can gyi gzungs, perhaps Bhagavān nīlāmbara dhara vajrapāṇi tantra (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh498.html) but possibly another of the several texts on this form of Vajrapāṇi; for protection ({srung ba}). (8) Uṣṇīṣa sitāta patrā (gtsug tor gdugs dkar, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh590.html, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh591.html, and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh592.html); for averting ({zlog pa}). (9) Vasu dhāra (nor rgyun ma, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh663.html and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh664.html); for increasing resources ({longs spyod spel ba}). (10) Ekākṣarīmātā prajñā pāramitā (sher phyin yi ge gcig ma, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh23.html); for the essence ({snying po}).
rgyal po mdo bcu|This set of sūtras is so called either because they represent distillations of the most profound scriptures, or because according to traditional histories they were recommended to King Trisong Detsen for his daily practice by Guru Padmasambhava. These are: (1) Bhadra caryā praṇidhāna (bzang spyod smon lam, (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-45a.html) in chapter 45 of the Avataṃsaka); for aspiration ({smon lam}), and described as vast ({rgya chen}). (2) Vajra vidāraṇā dhāraṇī (rdo rje rnam ’joms, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh750.html); for ablution ({khrus}). (3) Prajñā pāramitā hṛdaya (shes rab snying po, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh21.html and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh531.html); for the view ({lta ba}), and described as profound ({zab mo}). (4) Atyaya jñāna (’da’ ka ye shes, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh122.html); for cultivation ({sgom pa}) and described as of definitive meaning (nges don). (5) bya ba ltung bshags (part of Vinaya viniścayopāli paripṛcchā, Toh 68: see UCSB Buddhist Studies Translation Group, trans. https://read.84000.co/translation/toh68.html#UT22084-043-005-94 , forthcoming); for purification of karmic obscurations ({las sgrib dag pa}). : (6) Aparimitāyur jñāna (tshe dang ye shes dpag tu med pa’i mdo, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh674.html); for extending longevity ({tshe bsring}). (7) gos sngon can gyi gzungs, perhaps Bhagavān nīlāmbara dhara vajrapāṇi tantra (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh498.html) but possibly another of the several texts on this form of Vajrapāṇi; for protection ({srung ba}). (8) Uṣṇīṣa sitāta patrā (gtsug tor gdugs dkar, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh590.html, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh591.html, and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh592.html); for averting ({zlog pa}). (9) Vasu dhāra (nor rgyun ma, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh663.html and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh664.html); for increasing resources ({longs spyod spel ba}). (10) Ekākṣarīmātā prajñā pāramitā (sher phyin yi ge gcig ma, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh68.html#UT22084-043-005-94); for the essence ({snying po}).
rgyal po mdo lnga|(1) Bhadra caryā praṇidhāna (bzang spyod smon lam, (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-45a.html) in chapter 45 of the Avataṃsaka); for aspiration ({smon lam}), and described as vast ({rgya chen}). (2) Vajra vidāraṇā dhāraṇī (rdo rje rnam ’joms, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh750.html); for ablution ({khrus}). (3) Prajñā pāramitā hṛdaya (shes rab snying po, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh21.html and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh531.html); for the view ({lta ba}), and described as profound ({zab mo}). (4) Atyaya jñāna (’da’ ka ye shes, Toh 122); for cultivation ({sgom pa}) and described as of definitive meaning (nges don). (5) bya ba ltung bshags (part of Vinaya viniścayopāli paripṛcchā, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh68.html#UT22084-043-005-94); for purification of karmic obscurations ({las sgrib dag pa}).
rgyal po snang byed|“Illuminating,” the name Prince Puṇyabala receives when he is coronated as a king.
rgyal po yang dag par 'phags pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyal po yo la|A king in Khotan. Identified by Thomas (1935, p. 25) as Yehu-la.
rgyal po zas gtsang ma|The father of the Buddha.
rgyal po'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Rājan.
rgyal po'i cho ga zhib mo|Literally “king of rites,” the term can refer to an actual ritual or a ritual text, such as the AP.
rgyal po'i drang srong phrug gu|Birthplace of the buddha Kṣatriya.
rgyal po'i khab|Literally “King’s House,” this was the capital city of Magadha ruled by King Bimbisāra. It is currently the modern-day city of Rajgir in Bihar, North India.
rgyal po'i khab|Capital of the ancient country of Magadha, in the Buddha’s time it was ruled by King Bimbisāra, and it was the site for the teaching of many important sūtras.
rgyal po'i khab|The capital city of the ancient kingdom of Magadha from where King Bimbisāra and then his son Ajātaśatru ruled. It was located within the bowl of seven hills at present-day Rajgir in Bihar.
rgyal po'i khab|Modern Rajgir. Nearby is Vulture Peak mountain (Gṛdhrakūṭaparvata), where the Buddha is said to have taught the Prajñāpāramitā and other teachings, and the Bamboo Grove (Veṇuvana) where the Buddha regularly gave teachings.
rgyal po'i khab|Now known as Rajgir and located in the modern Indian state of Bihar, Rājagṛha, literally “Royal City,” was the capital of the kingdom of Magadha during the Buddha’s lifetime. Nearby is Vulture Peak Mountain (Gṛdhrakūṭaparvata), where the Buddha is said to have taught the Prajñāpāramitā and other teachings.
rgyal po'i khab|The ancient capital of Magadha prior to its relocation to Pāṭaliputra during the Mauryan dynasty, Rājagṛha is one of the most important locations in Buddhist history. The literature tells us that the Buddha and his saṅgha spent a considerable amount of time in residence in and around Rājagṛha enjoying the patronage of King Bimbisāra and then of his son King Ajātaśatru. Rājagṛha is also remembered as the location where the first Buddhist monastic council was held after the Buddha Śākyamuni passed into parinirvāṇa. Now known as Rajgir and located in the modern Indian state of Bihar.
rgyal po'i kun dga' ra ba|A certain nunnery, residence of Bhikṣuṇī Sthūlanandā.
rgyal po'i nga ro|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigatabhaya (135) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgyal po'i pho brang gnas|An image of the Buddha.
rgyal po'i pho brang grong khyer bzang po|Birthplace of the buddha Krakucchanda.
rgyal po'i phyag rgya|Name of the thirteenth meditative stability.
rgyal po'i phyag rgya|Lit. “Seal of the king.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rgyal po'i rigs|A member of the warrior caste.
rgyal po'i rigs|The royal, noble, or warrior caste; one of the four social classes in Indic culture.
rgyal pos bkrabs pa|Such as a courtier. One of the classes of people barred from joining the renunciate order.
rgyal po|Son of the buddha Pramodyakīrti.
rgyal po|The 595th buddha in the first list, 594th in the second list, and 588th in the third list.
rgyal rigs|The ruling caste in the brahminical varṇāśrama dharma system, associated with warriors and kings.
rgyal rigs|One of the four castes of the Indian caste system. It traditionally consisted of rulers and administrators.
rgyal rigs|One of the four classes (Skt. varṇas) of ancient Indian society, responsible for political and military affairs.
rgyal rigs|One of the four classes of the Indian caste system. Traditionally rulers and administrators belonged to this caste.
rgyal rigs|The second highest of the four classes in the Indian caste system, it is associated with warriors, the aristocracy, and kings.
rgyal rigs|The ruling caste in the traditional four-caste hierarchy of India, it is associated with warriors, the aristocracy, and kings.
rgyal ru rings|The 119th buddha in the first list, 119th in the second list, and 120th in the third list.
rgyal sde|A great bodhisattva.
rgyal sde|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arciṣmati (314 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgyal sras|A synonym for bodhisattvas.
rgyal sras|Son of the buddha Dharmakośa.
rgyal srid 'phel bar byed pa'i blo can|Attendant of the buddha Kṣatriya.
rgyal srid 'phel ba|A city.
rgyal srid 'phel|An elephant. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-4283 .
rgyal tshab sna tshogs|A buddha realm.
rgyal yul che|China.
rgyal|The 236th buddha in the first list, 235th in the second list, and 235th in the third list.
rgyal|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Delta Cancri in the occidental tradition.
rgyal|A certain brahmin, father of Śāriputra Upatiṣya. Not to be confused with Devadatta’s crony Katamoraka Tiṣya.
rgyal|A buddha in the past. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5367 .
rgyal|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyal|In chapter 29 the name of the sixth buddha in a list that begins with Kanaka muni. In chapter 44 it is the name of one of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rgyan 'dzin|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
rgyan bkod pa gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
rgyan bkod pa'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa.
rgyan byin pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Acala.
rgyan can ma|The name of an apsaras.
rgyan can ma|‟Adorned One,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs.
rgyan chen po dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Light of Incense.
rgyan chen po|A great park in South India.
rgyan dang gdugs kyi dbyangs kyi rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
rgyan dang ldan pa|Vyūhā (Ornamented) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Light of All Supernatural Abilities.
rgyan gyi rgyal po|Name of a tathāgata.
rgyan gyis brgyan pa|A buddhafield at the zenith, where the Tathāgata Sovereign of Supreme Reverberating Sound resides.
rgyan ma 'gro ba|‟Adorned One,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs.
rgyan po pa rgyal ba po|“Winner at Dice,” a previous life of Prince Puṇyabala and the Buddha himself. Also called King Jaya.
rgyan rnam par bkod pa thams cad rab tu snang bar ston pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
rgyan skyes|A nāga king.
rgyan sna tshogs kyi 'od|A four-continent world in the distant past.
rgyan thams cad bkod pa|The name of an absorption.
rgyan thams cad bkod pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
rgyang grags|A distance equivalent to five hundred arm spans.
rgyang grags|A measure of distance corresponding to one calling-distance. Four krośa equal one yojana.
rgyang grags|A measure of distance, one quarter of a yojana; supposedly the distance within which a cry can be heard.
rgyang grags|A quarter of a yojana, sometimes called an “Indian league.” It is said to be about two miles. The Tibetan means “an earshot.”
rgyang grags|An ancient unit of measuring distance. Approximately 2.25 English miles, although it is calculated differently in various systems.
rgyang grags|A quarter of a yojana, a distance that could be between one and over two miles. The milestones or kos-stones along the Indian trunk road were just over two miles apart. The Tibetan means “earshot.”
rgyan|Attendant of the buddha Sucīrṇabuddhi.
rgyas bshad chen po|A commentary on the Mūlatantra.
rgyas btab|Having a particular deity at the top of one’s head.
rgyas pa thams cad kun nas bsdus pa|The name of an eon in which the Buddha Array of Immense Precious Qualities Like the King of Splendor resides.
rgyas pa'i 'gram|A town in South India.
rgyas pa'i skye mched|There are ten of these meditative states in the Śrāvakayāna: through meditating individually on the four elements of earth, water, fire, and air, on the four colors blue, yellow, red, and white, on space, and on consciousness, one meditates that everything that exists becomes that element, or that color, or space, or consciousness. Elsewhere, including the Mahāvyutpatti, this is translated as {zad par gyi skye mched}. The Sanskrit kṛtsna means “totality,” while {rgyas pa} means “spread,” or “pervade,” and {zad par} means cessation, in that everything ceases within that element, color, etc.
rgyas par 'gengs pa|A place at the southernmost tip of India.
rgyas pa|One of the four main types of enlightened activity.
rgyas pa|One of the sages (ṛṣi), who is their leader or king.
rgyas pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyas pa|One of the four primary categories of ritual activities.
rgyas pa|One of the ancient sages, regarded as the compiler of the Vedas.
rgyas pa|The rishi who is said to have divided the Vedas into four and to have compiled the Mahābhārata epic.
rgya|A stamp, signet, or seal.
rgya|The Bharatas of southern Punjab were one of the prominent peoples mentioned in the Ṛgveda. Here, we believe the term Bharatas denotes the Aryan people, in contrast to the Drāviḍians who are mentioned below.
rgyob shig pa|One of sixteen (or seventeen) realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
rgyu ba chen po|A nāga king.
rgyu ba'i dbang po|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sovereign King of Incense.
rgyu bar btags pa|A demon leader.
rgyu ba|A nāga king.
rgyu can|A disciple of the Buddha.
rgyu dag pa|A great bodhisattva.
rgyu med par smra ba|Those who proclaim the nonexistence of causality, such as the Ājīvika or the Cārvāka, basically rejecting the law of karma.
rgyu mtha'|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyu mthun pa|A forest on Holder of Joy.
rgyu sbyin ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
rgyu skar bdag mo|Mother of the buddha Anantayaśas.
rgyu skar bdag|Mother of the buddha Vighuṣṭatejas.
rgyu skar bkod pa|A buddha.
rgyu skar bzang|A great bodhisattva.
rgyu skar bzang|The 11th buddha in the first list. Not listed in the second or third list.
rgyu skar can|Birthplace of the buddha Pradyota.
rgyu skar dpal|Mother of the buddha Acyuta.
rgyu skar gcig pa|A buddha.
rgyu skar gyi phreng ba|A buddha realm.
rgyu skar gyi phreng ba|A great bodhisattva.
rgyu skar gyi rgyal po|A buddha.
rgyu skar gyi rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
rgyu skar gyi rgyal po|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
rgyu skar gyi rta|A great bodhisattva.
rgyu skar ldan|Mother of the buddha Kusumaraśmi.
rgyu skar mang po|A mountain beyond Videha.
rgyu skar phreng ba can|A buddha realm.
rgyu skar phreng|One of the seven golden mountains that surround Mount Sumeru.
rgyu skar rgyal po|Son of the buddha Asthita.
rgyu skar rgyal po|Mother of the buddha Vāsava.
rgyu skar rgyal po|The 535th buddha in the first list, 535th in the second list, and 528th in the third list.
rgyu skar rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vipulabuddhi (223 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rgyu skar tog|Father of the buddha Udadhi.
rgyu skar|The name of a nakṣatra.
rgyu skar|Father of the buddha Puṣya.
rgyu skar|An asterism or constellation; also a class of deities.
rgyu skar|A lunar asterism, often personified as a semidivine being.
rgyu skar|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
rgyu skar|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnacandra.
rgyu yi stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa.
rgyu'i blo gros|A buddha.
rgyu'i dkyil 'khor rab tu snang ba|A sūtra taught in another world in the distant past.
rgyu'i rgyal po|A buddha.
rgyud gcig pa|A mountain.
rgyud|Meaning “method” in general, in Buddhism it refers to an important body of literature dealing with a great variety of techniques of advanced meditations, incorporating rituals, incantations, and visualisations, that are stamped as esoteric until a practitioner has already attained a certain stage of ethical and philosophical development.
rgyun bcad pa|One of the five yakṣa generals.
rgyun du zhugs pa'i 'bras bu|First of the four fruits attainable by śrāvakas, that of the first stage in progressing toward nirvāṇa.
rgyun du zhugs pa'i 'bras bu|One who has achieved the first of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who is from then onwards continuously approaching nirvāṇa.
rgyun du zhugs pa'i 'bras bu|The first of the four levels of attainment of the vehicle of the śrāvakas, it is considered to be when one enters “the stream” of the noble ones that flows inexorably toward awakening.
rgyun du zhugs pa'i yan lag bzhi|Described as four attributes of śrāvakas: they are well disposed toward the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha, and they are endowed with the types of discipline that are highly valued by the noble ones.
rgyun du zhugs pa|One who has achieved the first level of attainment on the path of the śrāvakas, and who has entered the “stream” of practice that leads to nirvāṇa.
rgyun du zhugs pa|One who has achieved the first of the four levels of attainment on the śrāvaka path, and who is from then onward continuously approaching liberation.
rgyun du zhugs pa|The first of four levels of noble ones attainable on the path of the hearers. Beings on this level have entered the “stream” of practice that will inexorably lead to nirvāṇa.
rgyun du zhugs pa|The first level of realization that transforms an ordinary person into a “noble one,” someone who has directly seen the nature of reality and has a sufficiently stable level of realization to be already bound toward liberation from saṃsāra.
rgyun du zhugs pa|The first stage of superior development in becoming a noble being on the path to awakening. Such an individual has not yet eliminated the afflictions but has entered a stream of forceful merit where a limit of seven lifetimes in the higher realms precede a final birth in which liberation is achieved.
rgyun du zhugs pa|There are four kinds of noble persons (Skt. āryapudgala) according to the Śrāvakayāna path, characterized by a gradual abandonment of ten kinds of fetters (Skt. saṃyojana) that bind one to saṃsāra. This is the first of the four (or eight) stages of the realization of the supermundane path (and fruit) leading to awakening or liberation.
rgyun gyi gnas na rnam par rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
rgyun gyi gnas|A forest in Draped with Jewels.
rgyun gyi pha rol mthar byed|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyun gyi rjes su song ba|Name of the twenty-sixth meditative stability.
rgyun gyi rjes su song ba|Lit. “followed the stream.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rgyun gyis rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife, possibly the same as Moving in Mixed Environments ({rab tu rnam par 'dres pa'i khor yug na rgyu ba}).
rgyun shes kyi bu 'bras bu dang bcas pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rgyun shes kyi bu|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the sages (ṛṣi).
rgyun shes kyi bu|(1) The physician of King Prasenajit. (2) The name of Prince Kuśa disguised as a physician.
rgyun|In the present text this refers to the mental continuum.
rgyu|The primary cause.
ri 'bigs byed|Several ranges of mountains in west and central India, traditionally held to be the boundary between North and South India.
ri bcu gnyis la nges par gnas pa|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
ri bi de ha|A certain mountain south of Rājagṛha.
ri bo brtsegs pa'i tog|The 150th buddha in the first list, 150th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
ri bo brtsegs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Meruprabha.
ri bo brtsegs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prahāṇakhila.
ri bo brtsegs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vidyuddatta (482 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ri bo brtsegs|One of the tathāgatas.
ri bo can|(1) The son of the brahmin Agnidatta ({ri bo can}). (2) The son of the nāga Apalāla ({ri bo}).
ri bo chen po|Name of a yakṣa.
ri bo dang sprin lta bu|An elephant king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ri bo la rgyu ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
ri bo legs pa|A nāga king who was a devotee of the Buddha. King Bimbisara once banished him and another nāga because they did not honor him. A drought occurred, and on the Buddha’s advice, he asked the nāgas for their forgiveness.
ri bo lhun po|The mountain at the center of a world system and surrounded by the four continents.
ri bo rtse gsum|A mountain.
ri bo sgul|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tīrthakara.
ri bo shin tu mtho ba'i dpal|A world realm of ten thousand million worlds in the distant past.
ri bo zla ba|(1) A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa ({zla ba'i ri bo}). (2) A mountain upon which the gods of the Four Great Kings will take position while awaiting the asura army ({ri bo zla ba}).
ri bo'i 'od zer|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sumedhas.
ri bo'i 'od|A buddha realm in the past.
ri bo'i 'od|A world realm in the distant past.
ri bo'i 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaketu.
ri bo'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
ri bo'i phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthitagandha (658 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ri bo'i rgyal mtshan|Son of the buddha Oṣadhi.
ri bo'i rgyal mtshan|The 114th buddha in the first list, 114th in the second list, and 115th in the third list.
ri bong 'dzin pa|An epithet of the moon.
ri bong lto|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
ri bong tshig|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
ri bos byin|A nāga king.
ri bo|A buddha of a previous eon.
ri bo|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
ri bo|(1) A ṛṣi. (2) A ṛṣi who is a nephew of Kaineya.
ri bo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śaśin.
ri bo|(1) The son of the brahmin Agnidatta ({ri bo can}). (2) The son of the nāga Apalāla ({ri bo}).
ri bo|Sage who lived with five hundred devotees in the forest and spent time on the banks of Lake Mandākinī, his maternal uncle was the sage Kaineya.
ri brtsegs 'bab|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
ri brtsegs|Son of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
ri brtseg|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prabhūta.
ri btang bzung|A mountain.
ri btang bzung|One of ten “kings of mountains” according to Abdhidharma cosomology.
ri btang zung chen po|A mountain.
ri btang zung chen po|A mythical mountain.
ri bya gag rkang|A mountain.
ri byi rangs byed gzhu can|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ri byi|One of the māras.
ri dags 'dzin bu nag po|A disciple of the Buddha.
ri dags 'dzin bu|Another name of Kāla Mṛgāraputra, a disciple of the Buddha.
ri dags 'dzin gyi bu nag po|A disciple of the Buddha.
ri dags 'dzin gyi ma sa ga|A lay follower of the Buddha.
ri dags 'dzin gyi ma|Another name for Viśākhā Mṛgāramātā, a lay follower of the Buddha.
ri dags 'dzin gyi ma|The main female disciple of the Buddha, also known as Viśākhā. She was the daughter-in-law of the chief minister of Śrāvastī named Mṛgāra and also his teacher, which led him to call her “mother”.
ri dags 'dzin gyi ma|This is the nickname of an upāsikā (female lay practitioner), actually called Viśākhā, who is sometimes considered the most prominent among female lay followers of the Buddha. She had married the son of a man called Mṛgāra, who was originally a Jaina but went to meet the Buddha and even become a stream enterer thanks to her. Feeling indebted to her, he said that she was like his mother, which is the origin of the nickname.
ri dags 'dzin|The name of a rich man.
ri dags 'dzin|Chief minister of Śrāvastī.
ri dags 'dzin|Father of the buddha Siṃhaketu.
ri dags 'dzin|One of King Prasenajit’s two chief ministers in Śrāvastī.
ri dags 'gros|Father of the buddha Nāganandin.
ri dags bu|Another name of Kāla Mṛgāraputra, a disciple of the Buddha.
ri dags e ne ya|Śarabha Aiṇeya, the king of ungulates, is a mythical creature, alternatively represented as a spotted antelope (kṛṣṇa sāra) or as an eight-footed antelope ({bse kha sgo}).
ri dags gnas|A town in South India.
ri dags kyi 'gros|A class of vidyādharas.
ri dags kyi brtul zhugs|A group of ascetics who took vows to live as deer, draping themselves in deerskin, carrying about horns, and residing in close proximity to deer.
ri dags kyi dgra dul ba|A mountain in Kuru.
ri dags kyi khrod|A mountain on Videha.
ri dags kyi nags|A park near Vārāṇasī where the Buddha gave the first sermon.
ri dags kyi nags|The park in which the Buddha first turned the wheel of Dharma.
ri dags kyi nags|The forest located on the outskirts of Vārāṇasī where the Buddha first taught the Dharma.
ri dags ma|Mother of the buddha Chedana.
ri dags mgo|Close Śravaka disciple of the Buddha.
ri dags mig|Mother of the buddha Siṃha.
ri dags mo'i bu|An Indian seer.
ri dags nag po|Most likely refers to the blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), also known as the Indian antelope. Thirty-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ri dags|A lay follower of the Buddha.
ri dbang blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sugandha (957 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ri dbang brtsegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candana (662 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ri dbang gi rgyal po|A buddha residing in the southern direction at the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ri dbang mtshungs|The 632nd buddha in the first list, 631st in the second list, and 624th in the third list.
ri dbang mtshungs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Satyarāśi (622 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ri dbang rgyal po 'thab pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ri dbang rgyal po rdob pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
ri dbang rgyal po|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ri dbang rgyal po|The 186th buddha in the first list, 185th in the second list, and 185th in the third list.
ri dbang|Father of the buddha Vikrāntagāmin.
ri dbang|The 714th buddha in the first list, 713th in the second list, and 703rd in the third list.
ri dga'|Father of the buddha Siṃhagati.
ri dung gi lte ba|A mountain on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
ri dwags nag po|Most likely refers to the blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), also known as the Indian antelope. Thirty-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ri dwags rgyu ba'i tshal|The forest, located outside of Vārāṇasī where the Buddha first taught the Dharma.
ri glang ru|The hill in Khotan from which the Buddha deliveres his prophecy. Gośṛṅga means “cow horn” in Sanskrit and the hill is said to have received this name due to having two pointed peaks.
ri gnas pa'i tshigs su bcad pa|A verse text possibly included in the Kṣudraka piṭaka of the Mūla sarvāstivādins and preserved in the Bhaiṣajyavastu of the Mūla sarvāstivāda Vinaya.
ri grib med|A mountain in Pleasant Sound.
ri kha la ti ya|A mountain located near Mount Sumeru.
ri khor yug|(1) A mountain in the sea west of Jambudvīpa ({tsakra bA Do}). (2) Eight consecutive rings of mountains that surround the world ocean ({ri khor yug}).
ri khrod lo ma can|A piśācī renowned for her ability to cure disease, avert epidemics, and pacify obstacles She is often, but not exclusively, considered a form of Tārā.
ri khrod lo ma gyon ma|A piśācī renowned for her ability to cure disease, avert epidemics, and pacify obstacles. She is often considered a form of Tārā.
ri khrod lo ma gyon ma|One of the chief vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the goddesses in one of the paintings of Mañjuśrī.
ri khrod ma shing lo can|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
ri khrod ma|One of the female deities in the retinue of Hevajra.
ri la nges par gnas pa|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
ri ltar brtsegs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnāgni.
ri ma la ya|A mountain range in Jambudvīpa.
ri mchog|Son of the buddha Ratnakīrti.
ri mchog|Attendant of the buddha Bhadrapāla.
ri mdzes pa|A part of Mountainous Garland.
ri mkha' thug|A mountain in Pleasant Sound.
ri mo'i rjes kyi mtshan brgyad cu|Eighty images found on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-001.html#UT22084-060-001-10 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-001.html#UT22084-060-001-62 .
ri nag po|A mountain.
ri nag po|The Nine Black Mountains found on the northern edge of the continent of Jambudvīpa. There are three sets of three of these peaks, and behind them lies the great snow mountain that is the source of the Ganges River. A description of this cosmology can be found in chapter three of the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya of Vasubandhu.
ri phrod lo ma gyon ma|A piśācinī renowned in Buddhist lore for her power to cure disease, avert epidemics, and pacify obstacles. She is often considered a form of Tārā.
ri phug|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
ri rab 'dra ba|Lit. “axial mountain–like.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ri rab 'dra ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Light.
ri rab 'od|A buddha.
ri rab brtsegs pa ltar mngon par 'phags pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
ri rab brtsegs|Name of a bodhisattva.
ri rab byin|A great bodhisattva.
ri rab chen po|An mountain of immense size, or a synonym for Mount Meru.
ri rab dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
ri rab dpal|A buddha in the past.
ri rab dpal|The sixteenth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Sumeruśirī.
ri rab kyi 'od las yang dag par 'das pa'i rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
ri rab kyi ngos|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Mind without Torment.
ri rab kyi phung po|A buddha.
ri rab kyi steng lha'i gnas|Likely refers to the Heaven of the Thirty-Three (Trāyastriṃśa, {sum cu rtsa gsum}), the second heaven of the desire realm situated on the summit of Mount Meru and presided over by thirty-three gods, of whom Śakra is the chief.
ri rab lhun po la 'gran pa|A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa.
ri rab lhun po la gnas pa|A class of vidyādharas.
ri rab lhun po|The highest mountain at the center of our world according to traditional Buddhist cosmology.
ri rab lta bu|A great bodhisattva.
ri rab lta bu|Name of a tathāgata.
ri rab lta bu|A buddha in the eastern direction.
ri rab ltar mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha of a past eon.
ri rab mar me'i rgyal po|A buddha in a western realm.
ri rab mar me|A bodhisattva.
ri rab mchog|Name of a bodhisattva.
ri rab mngon pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Beautiful Golden Form.
ri rab phung po|A buddha.
ri rab rgyal mtshan dpal|The fifty-eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Merudhvajaśiri.
ri rab rgyal mtshan spyan yangs shing zhi ba'i dpal|A buddha in the past.
ri rab rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ri rab rgyal mtshan|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sublime Elephant Out of Rut.
ri rab rnam par dag pa'i rgyan gyi rgyal mtshan|A royal city in the distant past.
ri rab rnam par gnon pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Smooth as Kācilindika Fabric.
ri rab rtse 'dzin|Name of a bodhisattva.
ri rab sna tshogs|Lit. “variegated axial mountain.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ri rab tu rgyu ba|A land in Godānīya.
ri rab zom la rnam par spyod pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
ri rab|According to the ancient Indian cosmological system, Mount Meru is a mountain which forms the centre of the universe.
ri rab|The central mountain of the universe, by the reckoning of Buddhist cosmology, identified with Mount Kailas in western Tibet.
ri rab|The gigantic mountain in the center of the world, portrayed as a flat disk with the four continents around it. Also known as Sumeru.
ri rab|(1) The highest mountain at the center of our world according to traditional Buddhist cosmology. (2) Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with the Light of Ethical Conduct.
ri rab|The great mountain at the center of the universe according to ancient Indian cosmology. At its summit lies Sudarśana city, home of Śakra (Indra) and his thirty-two gods. The mountain is also referred to as Mount Meru.
ri rab|According to ancient Indian cosmology, Meru is the great mountain forming the axis of the universe. At its summit lies Sudarśana, home of Śakra and his thirty-two gods, and on its flanks live the asuras. Meru has four sides facing the cardinal directions, each of which is made of a different precious stone. Surrounding it are several mountain ranges and the great ocean where the four great island continents lie: in the south, Jambudvīpa (our world); in the west, Godānīya; in the north, Uttarakuru; in the east, Pūrvavideha. Above it are the abodes of the gods of the realm of desire.
ri rgyal po ri rab|The great mountain at the center of the universe, according to ancient Indian cosmology. At its summit lies Sudarśana city, home of Śakra (Indra) and his thirty-two gods.
ri rgyal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sañjayin.
ri rnams la kun tu chags pa|A class of vidyādharas.
ri rtse ba|(1) A mountain in the forest of Joyous Women. (2) A mountain in High Conduct.
ri rtse na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
ri sngo rlung gi shugs|“The Power of a Blue Mountain of Wind,” the name of a precious horse of a cakravartin in the distant past.
ri spos kyi ngad ldang ba|One of ten “kings of mountains” according to Abhidharma cosomology.
ri spos kyi ngad ldang|A mountain.
ri spos kyi ngad|One of the pratyeka buddhas in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī.
ri sul na bzhugs ma|A goddess.
ri thams cad dga'|A mountain in Pleasant Sound.
ri yis mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Kusumaparvata.
ri yongs 'du|A mountain range.\n(We have been unable to identify this mountain, or mountain range. However, since yongs ’du is a translation of “pārijāta tree,” we have opted for this translation. Perhaps it refers to the mountains where the pārijāta tree grows?)
ri'i 'od phreng|A peak on Sumeru.
ri'i dbang po dpal gyi snying po'i rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ri'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ri'i gtsug na nor bu|A bird in the Heaven Free from Strife.
ri'i khrod dga' ba|A mountain in Total Pleasure.
ri'i klung na kun tu spyod pa|An area in Kuru.
ri'i lha|A class of spirit being.
ri'i nye 'khor|A part of Mountainous Garland.
ri'i phreng ba|A mountain in Controlled Movement.
ri'i rgyal po ri rab|The mountain in the center of the universe in Buddhist cosmology.
ri'i rgyal po ri rab|The king of mountains; the axial mountain of the flat world in the exoteric cosmology.
ri'i rgyal po ri rab|The sacred mountain considered to be at the center of the physical, metaphysical, and spiritual universe.
ri'i rgyal po ri rab|The great mountain at the center of the universe according to ancient Indian cosmology. At its summit lies Sudarśana city, home of Śakra (Indra) and his thirty-two gods. The mountain is also referred to as Mount Meru.
ri'i rgyal po|A buddha.
ri'i rgyal po|A thus-gone one of the past.
ri'i rna ba|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ri'i rtse mo mngon par 'phags pa'i gzi brjid|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ri'i tshogs na rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
ri'u|A scriptural exegete from the south during the Buddha’s time, who Princess She Who Gathers of Takṣaśīla let defeat her in debate, in order to marry him. Their child was Kātyāyana.
rig 'dzin ma|A female vidyādhara (a class of semidivine beings).
rig 'dzin sde snod|A compendium of esoteric ritual manuals, now lost. There may never have been a single text with this title, or the title may refer to a mythical source text from which extant ritual manuals were transmitted.
rig 'dzin|A class of semidivine beings possessed of magical powers (vidyā); also any person or being possessed of such powers, usually derived from the mastery of a mantra (vidyā) of a female deity (vidyā).
rig 'dzin|The term literally means “possessor of vidyā” and refers to practitioners of mantra. When the term is used in the sense of “vidyādhara” (a class of semidivine beings), it has been rendered in its Sanskrit form.
rig 'dzin|Popular in Indian literature as a race of superhuman beings with magical powers who lived high in the mountains, such as in the Malaya range of southwest India. The term vidyā could be interpreted as both “knowledge” and “mantra.”
rig 'dzin|One possessed of vidyā ; this could refer to any being who is an adept of magical lore, but in particular to the class of semidivine, nonhuman beings of the same name. The term is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “knowledge holder” or “adept of vidyās.”
rig 'dzin|A class of semidivine beings who are famous for wielding (dhara) spells (vidyā). Loosely understood as “sorcerers,” these magical beings are frequently petitioned through dhāraṇī and Kriyātantra ritual to grant magical powers to the supplicant. The later Buddhist tradition, playing on the dual valences of vidyā as “spell” and “knowledge,” began to apply this term to realized figures in the Buddhist pantheon.
rig 'dzin|A class of semi-divine being that is famous for wielding (dhara) spells (vidyā). Loosely understood as “sorcerers,” these magical beings are frequently petitioned through dhāraṇī and kriyātantra ritual to grant magical powers to the supplicant. The later Buddhist tradition, playing on the dual valences of vidyā as “spell” and “knowledge,” began to apply this term to realized figures in the Buddhist pantheon.
rig byed bzhi|The textual base for Brahmanism in India is the Vedas: 1) Ṛgveda, 2) Yajurveda, 3) Sāmaveda, and 4) Atharvaveda.
rig byed kyi yan lag|The name of a group of auxiliary works that supplement the Vedas, usually numerated as six different works on the six subjects of 1. śikṣa (pronunciation and phonetics); 2. chandas (meter); 3. vyākaraṇa (grammar and linguistic analysis); 4. nirukta (explanation of difficult terms); 5. jyotiṣa (astronomy); and 6. kalpa (ceremony) (Monier-Williams 1016.3).
rig byed shes pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
rig byed|Name of the ancient sacred scriptures of Hinduism, the most famous of which is the Ṛg Veda.
rig chen|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
rig dga'|Son of the buddha Ratnārci.
rig gnas chen po bco brgyad|The eighteen great fields of knowledge are listed in the Mahāvyutpatti as (1) music ( gandharva , {rol mo}), (2) love-making (vaiśika, {'khrig thabs}), (3) sustenance (vārtā, {'tsho tshis}), (4) arithmetic (sāṃkhyā, {grangs can}), (5) grammar (śabda, {sgra}), (6) medicine (cikitsita, {gso dpyad}), (7) behavior (nīti, {chos lugs}), (8) fine arts (śilpa, {bzo}), (9) archery (dhanurveda, {'phongs}), (10) logic (hetu, {gtan tshigs}), (11) yoga ({rnal 'byor}), (12) study (śruti, {thos pa}), (13) recollection (sṃṛti, {dran pa}), (14) astronomy (jyotitiṣa, {skar ma'i dpyad}), (15) astrology (gaṇita, {rtsis}), (16) optical aberrations (māyā, {mig 'phrul 'khor}), (17) antiquity (purāṇa, {sngon gyi rabs}), and (18) history (itihāsaka, {sngon byung ba}).\nOn all these and related matters, see Jamgon Kongtrul TOK Book 6, Pt.1: 311–315.
rig gsum ldan|Attendant of the buddha Yaśoratna.
rig ma|The pair of the deity or practitioner in sexual yoga. See “consort (female)” and “consort (male).”
rig ma|[The pair of the deity or practitioner in sexual yoga. See “consort (female)” and “consort (male).”]
rig ma|Knowledge; the power of mantra (of a female deity); female mantra deity; female consort in sexual yoga.
rig ma|An epithet of the female deity of the maṇḍala (most frequently as the consort of the main deity) who represents knowledge; the tantric consort; knowledge; frequently used in the sense of magical incantations and magical power. Also rendered here as “knowledge.”
rig ma|[The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. Here, the term “consort” has been used to render slighty different concepts or views of the female consort, most important of them are: mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā.\nMudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies, (also rendered here as “wisdom consort.”]
rig ma|The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. In this translation the term “consort” has been used to render different terms with slighty different concepts of the female consort, the most important being mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā. Mudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies (see also “wisdom consort”).
rig pa 'dzin pa dga' ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
rig pa 'dzin pa rtse dga' bas gnas pa|A stream on Saṅkāśa.
rig pa 'dzin pa|One of the rāśis.
rig pa 'dzin pa|“Knowledge holder”; one possessed of magical powers; a class of semi-divine beings.
rig pa 'dzin pa|The term literally means “possessor of vidyā” and refers to practitioners of mantra. When the term is used in the sense of “vidyādhara” (a class of semidivine beings), it has been rendered in its Sanskrit form.
rig pa 'dzin pa|A type of semi-divine being whose identiy has shifted over time and genre. In their most popular form they are spell (vidyā) wielding (dhara) beings capable of granting magical abilities to those they favor. The Buddhist tradition associated them more closely with soteriological aims, identifying them as realized beings who possess (dhara) knowledge or awareness (vidyā).
rig pa 'dzin pa|A class of semi-divine beings that are famous for wielding (dhara) spells (vidyā). Loosely understood as “sorcerers,” these magical beings are frequently petitioned through dhāraṇī and kriyātantra ritual to grant magical powers to the supplicant. The later Buddhist tradition, playing on the dual valences of vidyā as “spell” and “knowledge,” began to apply this term to realized figures in the Buddhist pantheon.
rig pa bzang po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rig pa dang ldan pa|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
rig pa dang zhabs su ldan pa|A common description of buddhas. According to some explanations, “wisdom” refers to awakening, and “conduct” to the three trainings ({bslab pa gsum}) by means of which a buddha attains that awakening; according to others, “wisdom” refers to right view, and “conduct” to the other seven elements of the eightfold path.
rig pa dang zhabs su ldan pa|The Nibandhana explains this as a metaphor of the eye and the feet, which, operating together, allow one to move; knowledge, interpreted as either “right view” or as “the training in wisdom,” is like the eye, while the other seven parts of the noble eightfold path, or the two other trainings in discipline and samādhi, function as the “feet.” This explanation is also found in the sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa commentary on the Mahāvyutpatti, which further clarifies that {zhabs} is here simply the honorific term for “foot” ({carana ni rkang pa}). Thus, although it is not uncommon to translate caraṇa here with “conduct,” this loses the significance of the metaphor.
rig pa gnyis|The two modes of awareness are intrinsic and extraneous. In this context‌, the former may indicate the awareness of one’s own mind and the latter the awareness of the minds of others.
rig pa gsum|Three supernormal knowledges: the knowledge of divine sight, the knowledge of former lives, and the knowledge of the extinction of impurity.
rig pa gsum|The three knowledges are a worthy one’s three clairvoyant knowledges of past lives, of where and when all die and where they will take birth, and of the extinction of outflows.
rig pa gsum|Knowledge through the divine eye ({lha'i mig gi shes pa}), knowledge through remembering past lives ({sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa'i rig pa}), and the knowledge that defilements have ceased ({zag pa zad pa'i rig pa}).
rig pa gsum|The three kinds of knowledge obtained by the Buddha on the night of his enlightenment. These comprise the knowledge of the death and rebirth of sentient beings, the knowledge of past lives, and the knowledge of the cessation of defilements. These are the last three of the six superknowledges or of the ten powers of the tathāgatas.
rig pa gsum|As indicated in the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh238.html (Toh. 238, mdo sde, dza, 42a), these comprise the awareness of clairvoyance ({lha'i mig gi rig pa}), the awareness that recollects past abodes ({sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa'i rig pa}), and the awareness of the cessation of contaminants ({zag pa zad pa'i rig pa}). See Nordrang Orgyan (2008): 428.
rig pa gsum|The three kinds of supernormal cognition among the six supernormal powers (六神通). Applied to buddhas they are called 三達, and applied to worthy ones they are called 三明. They are the power of divine vision (天眼通), whereby they can observe the full course of passage by sentient beings through the six destinies; the power of the knowledge of previous lifetimes (宿命通), (宿住通), whereby they know the events of countless kalpas of previous lifetimes experienced by themselves, as well as by all the beings in the six destinies; and the power of the extinction of contamination (漏盡通), whereby they completely extinguish all the afflictions of the three realms and thus are no longer subject to rebirth in the three realms. In the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya (倶舍論) 27, the three are termed 住智識證明, 死生識證明, and 漏盡識證明 (Skt. tri-vidya, tisrovidyāḥ, traividya; Pāli ti-vijjā; Tib. {rig pa gsum}).
rig pa mchog|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rig pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
rig pa thams cad kyi nang spyod|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rig pa'dzin pa|Literally “knowledge holder”—this term refers either to someone who has mastered the vidyā, i.e. the power of the mantra, or to a class of semidivine beings.
rig pa'i gnas bco brgyad|A traditional list that includes the great philosophical systems of India (Sāṅkhya, Yoga, etc.) as well as ordinary sciences and arts such as arithmetic, medicine, astrology, music, and archery.
rig pa'i gnas bco brgyad|(1) Music ( gandharva , {rol mo}), (2) amorous skills (vāiśakam, {'khrig 'thab}), (3) housekeeping (vārttā, {'tsho chos}/{so tshis}), (4) mathematics (sāṃkhyā, {grang can}), (5) grammar (śabdha, {sgra}), (6) medicine (cikitsa, {gso ba}), (7) religious tradition (dharmanītī, {chos lugs}), (8) painting and handicrafts (śilpa, {bzo ba}), (9) archery (dhanurveda, {'phong spyod}), (10) logic (hetu, {gtan tshig}), (11) pharmacology (cikitsayoga, {sman spyor}), (12) self-discipline (svaśīla, {rang gi bcas pa}), (13) reflection on study (śrutismṛiti, {thos pa dran pa}), (14) astronomy (jyotiṣa, {skar ma'i dpyad}), (15) astrology (gaṇita, {rtsis}), (16) magic ( māyā , {mig 'phrul}), (17) history (purāṇam, {sngon rabs}), and (18) storytelling (itihāsakathā, {sngon byung brjod pa}) (Rigzin 395–6).
rig pa'i gnas bcwa brgyad|(1) Music ( gandharva , {rol mo}), (2) amorous skills (vāiśakam, {'khrig 'thab}), (3) housekeeping (vārttā, {'tsho chos}/{so tshis}), (4) mathematics (sāṃkhyā, {grang can}), (5) grammar (śabdha, {sgra}), (6) medicine (cikitsa, {gso ba}), (7) religious tradition (dharmanītī, {chos lugs}), (8) painting and handicrafts (śilpa, {bzo ba}), (9) archery (dhanurveda, {'phong spyod}), (10) logic (hetu, {gtan tshig}), (11) pharmacology (cikitsayoga, {sman spyor}), (12) self-discipline (svaśīla, {rang gi bcas pa}), (13) reflection on study (śrutismṛiti, {thos pa dran pa}), (14) astronomy (jyotiṣa, {skar ma'i dpyad}), (15) astrology (gaṇita, {rtsis}), (16) magic ( māyā , {mig 'phrul}), (17) history (purāṇam, {sngon rabs}), and (18) storytelling (itihāsakathā, {sngon byung brjod pa}) (Rigzin 395–6).
rig pa'i gnas bcwa brgyad|The eighteen great fields of knowledge are listed in the Mahāvyutpatti as (1) music ( gandharva , {rol mo}), (2) love-making (vaiśika, {'khrig thabs}), (3) sustenance (vārtā, {'tsho tshis}), (4) arithmetic (sāṃkhyā, {grangs can}), (5) grammar (śabda, {sgra}), (6) medicine (cikitsita, {gso dpyad}), (7) behavior (nīti, {chos lugs}), (8) fine arts (śilpa, {bzo}), (9) archery (dhanurveda, {'phongs}), (10) logic (hetu, {gtan tshigs}), (11) yoga ({rnal 'byor}), (12) study (śruti, {thos pa}), (13) recollection (sṃṛti, {dran pa}), (14) astronomy (jyotitiṣa, {skar ma'i dpyad}), (15) astrology (gaṇita, {rtsis}), (16) optical aberrations (māyā, {mig 'phrul 'khor}), (17) antiquity (purāṇa, {sngon gyi rabs}), and (18) history (itihāsaka, {sngon byung ba}).\nOn all these and related matters, see Jamgon Kongtrul TOK Book 6, Pt.1: 311–315.
rig pa'i gnas|Traditionally, there are eighteen branches of knowledge; they include the great philosophical systems of India (Sāṅkhya, Yoga, etc.) as well as ordinary sciences and arts, such as arithmetic, medicine, astrology, music, archery, etc.
rig pa'i mchog|The full title of this text as preserved in the Tibetan canon is the Vidyottamamahā tantra (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh746.html), which can be translated as The Great Tantra: The Supreme Vidyā. This lengthy tantra of the Kriyā class appears to be a compendium of diverse rites arranged as a single collection.
rig pa'i mthu rtsal|Son of the buddha Kāśyapa.
rig pa'i rgyal mo|“vidyā queen,” a female vidyārāja.
rig pa'i rgyal po|A deity invoked in the rite of vanquishing enemies and accomplishing all actions.
rig pa'i rgyal po|“Vidyā king,” a class of mantras and mantra deities; an epithet of Vajrapāṇi; an epithet of any powerful vidyā or mantra.
rig pa'i rgyal po|This seems to be the name of some of the amogha emanations of Avalokiteśvara, although the distinction between Vidyārāja (proper name) and “king of vidyās” (literal translation) is often blurred.
rig pa'i rgyal po|This epithet can refer to individual mantras (vidyā) as well as deities—typically those attending upon Vajrapāṇi; most of the time the mantra and the deity are one and the same, but, in some contexts, the focus may be on either one or the other. If the focus is on the mantra or its corresponding deity, the term has been translated as king of vidyās, and if it is on the class of deities and is used in the plural, it has been translated as vidyārāja . Vidyārāja can also be a deity name.
rig pa|A type of incantation or spell used to accomplish a ritual goal. This can be associated with either ordinary attainments or those whose goal is awakening.
rig pa|A mantra-like formula for invoking specific deities, often to bring about more mundane accomplishments in Buddhist ritual practices. A vidyā is at once considered the incantation and the deity it invokes.
rig pa|The three types of knowledge are the knowledge of previous lives, the knowledge of divine sight or of the deaths and rebirths of beings, and the knowledge of the exhaustion of contamination (āsrava; {zag pa}).
rig pa|A term that at once refers to a type of mantra or dhāraṇī and to the deity it invokes, thereby reflecting their inseparability. A vidyā is typically applied to female deities, and is often, but not exclusively, used for worldly goals in esoteric ritual. In worldly contexts a vidyā is similar to a “spell.”
rig pa|Vidyāmantras are incantations that, by extension of the literal meaning of the Sanskrit word, are believed to encapsulate and invoke hidden or spiritual knowledge in their syllables, which themselves are considered magically potent. In tantric texts, vidyās and vidyāmantras take the form of or can appear as female deities.
rig pa|This term may generally by synonymous with intelligence or mental aptitude, but it also conveys the meaning of science or branches of knowledge, and of pure awareness. In this last sense, it denotes the fundamental innate mind in its natural state of spontaneity and purity, beyond alternating states of motion and rest and the subject-object dichotomy.
rig sngags 'chang gi bu mo|A female vidyādhara.
rig sngags 'chang|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Yaśoratna.
rig sngags 'chang|“Knowledge holder” is a class of semidivine beings renowned for their magical power (vidyā). When referring to the practitioner, the term has been translated as “vidyā holder.”
rig sngags 'chang|The term literally means “possessor of vidyā” and refers to practitioners of mantra. When the term is used in the sense of “vidyādhara” (a class of semidivine beings), it has been rendered in its Sanskrit form.
rig sngags 'chang|A race of superhuman beings with magical powers who lived high in mountains, such as the Malaya range of southwest India. The term is also used for humans who have gained powers through their mantras and aptitude for spells.\nIn this text, it is unclear to which it refers.
rig sngags 'chang|A type of semi-divine being whose identity has shifted over time and genre. In their most popular form they are spell (vidyā) wielding (dhara) beings capable of granting magical abilities to those they favor. The Buddhist tradition associated them more closely with soteriological aims, identifying them as realized beings who possess (dhara) knowledge or awareness (vidyā).
rig sngags 'chang|A class of semi-divine being that is famous for wielding (dhara) spells (vidyā). Loosely understood as “sorcerers,” these magical beings are frequently petitioned through dhāraṇī and Kriyātantra ritual to grant magical powers to the supplicant. The later Buddhist tradition, playing on the dual valences of vidyā as “spell” and “knowledge,” began to apply this term to realized figures in the Buddhist pantheon. The term is often applied to practitioners of Buddhist ritual magic.
rig sngags chen mo|Vidyā is synonymous with mantra.
rig sngags kyi nor bu sil sil 'chang|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rig sngags kyi rgyal mo|A female vidyārāja—a powerful female mantra deity of the vidyārāja class.
rig sngags kyi rgyal po|This seems to be the name of some of the amogha emanations of Avalokiteśvara, although the distinction between Vidyārāja (proper name) and “king of vidyās” (literal translation) is often blurred.
rig sngags kyi rgyal po|This epithet can refer to individual mantras (vidyā) as well as deities—typically those attending upon Vajrapāṇi; most of the time the mantra and the deity are one and the same, but, in some contexts, the focus may be on either one or the other. If the focus is on the mantra or its corresponding deity, the term has been translated as king of vidyās, and if it is on the class of deities and is used in the plural, it has been translated as vidyārāja . Vidyārāja can also be a deity name.
rig sngags rgyal po|This seems to be the name of some of the amogha emanations of Avalokiteśvara, although the distinction between Vidyārāja (proper name) and “king of vidyās” (literal translation) is often blurred.
rig sngags rgyal po|This epithet can refer to individual mantras (vidyā) as well as deities—typically those attending upon Vajrapāṇi; most of the time the mantra and the deity are one and the same, but, in some contexts, the focus may be on either one or the other. If the focus is on the mantra or its corresponding deity, the term has been translated as king of vidyās, and if it is on the class of deities and is used in the plural, it has been translated as vidyārāja . Vidyārāja can also be a deity name.
rig sngags|The formula associated with and identical to the goddess it invokes.
rig sngags|A sacred utterance or spell made for the purpose of attaining either worldly or transcendent benefits.
rig sngags|A type of mantra-like formula that is used to accomplish a ritual goal. It can be associated with either ordinary attainments or the goal of awakening.
rig sngags|A spell. Although a technical term in its own right, it is also used interchangeably at times with the terms dhāraṇī and dhāraṇīmantra, guhyamantra, etc.
rig sngags|Knowledge, especially the secret knowledge of mantras, mudrās, and so forth, and also the magical power that this knowledge entails; a magical spell or the power of a magical spell; a nonhuman female being or deity possessing such power.
rig sngags|Vidyāmantras are incantations that, by extension of the literal meaning of the Sanskrit word, are believed to encapsulate and invoke hidden or spiritual knowledge in their syllables, which themselves are considered magically potent. In tantric texts, vidyās and vidyāmantras take the form of or can appear as female deities.
rigs btsun pa rnam par dag pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rigs btsun|A great bodhisattva.
rigs bzhi|The four social classes of traditional Hindu society: brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya, and śūdra.
rigs bzhi|Seemingly the four families cited in this section; namely the lotus, tathāgata, jewel, and karma families.
rigs gsum|Three families—tathāgata, vajra, and lotus—into which esoteric Buddhist deities are classified.
rigs kyi bu mo|A term of endearment, used by a teacher when adressing a female follower of the bodhisattva path.
rigs kyi bu mo|Indian term of address used toward a female student of the bodhisattva path. See “son of noble family.”
rigs kyi bu'am rigs kyi bu mo|While this is usually a term pertaining to the brahmin, kṣatriya, or other “upper castes,” the Buddha redefined noble birth as determined by an individual’s ethical conduct and integrity. Thus, someone who enters the Buddha’s Saṅgha is called a “son or daughter of noble family.”
rigs kyi bu|A term of endearment, used by a teacher when addressing a male follower of the bodhisattva path.
rigs kyi bu|Indian term of address used toward a male student of the bodhisattva path. While this is usually a characteristic pertaining to brahmins (i.e., born in the brahmin caste to seven-generation brahmin parents), the Buddha redefined noble birth as determined by an individual’s ethical conduct and integrity. Thus, someone who enters the Buddha’s Saṅgha is called a “son or daughter of noble family” and is in this sense “good” or “noble” and considered born again (dvija, or “twice born”).
rigs kyi sa|First level of realization on the path of the hearers.
rigs kyi sa|Lit. “Lineage level.” The second of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
rigs kyi sa|Name of the second level attainable by bodhisattvas. See https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-1281 (Toh 11), https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-1281.
rigs ldan|One of the kings of the nāgas.
rigs ldan|Attendant of the buddha Somacchattra.
rigs lnga|The vajra family, lotus family, tathāgata family, jewel family, and karma family.
rigs lnga|The tathāgata, vajra, jewel, lotus, and karma families. Each of these families is associated with a specific direction, type of activity, and mode of awakened wisdom, and each is headed by a specific tathāgata. When displayed in maṇḍala formation, Vairocana heads the tathāgata family at the center, and Akṣobhya presides over the vajra family in the east, Ratnasambhava over the jewel family in the south, Amitābha/Amitāyus over the lotus family in the west, and Amoghasiddhi over the karma family in the north. In maṇḍalas associated with the Mahāyoga tantras, Vairocana and Akṣobhya switch places.
rigs mchog ma yin pa|Name of a sage in a story the Buddha tells.
rigs mdzes ma|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa; also a tantric goddess prominent in the Śrīvidyā tradition.
rigs med ldan|One of the kings of the nāgas.
rigs mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
rigs pa gsum|The three knowledges are the superior knowledge that is the realization of the recollection of former states (pūrvanivāsanānusmṛtisākṣātkārābhijñā ), the superior knowledge that is the realization of death and rebirth (cyutyupapādasākṣātkārābhijñā), and the superior knowledge that is the realization of the cessation of outflows (āsravakṣayasākṣātkārābhijñā). See Powers 1995, p. 316, n. 17.
rigs pa'i gnas lnga po|The five sciences are grammar, logic, philosophy, medicine, and crafts.
rigs pa'i gzi byin 'od zer|Mother of the buddha Tejorāja.
rigs pa'i mun 'dzin gyi bu|One of King Udayin of Vatsa’s royal ministers.
rigs par dga' ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
rigs pa|The Nibandhana explains nyāya as follows: “Nyāya refers to the dharma of nirvāṇa, for it has been said that āya means a path, and that an “eternal path” (nityam āyaḥ) is called nyāya.”
rigs pa|The four principles of reason (yukti) are : (1) the principle of reason based on dependence (apekṣāyukti), (2) the principle of reason based on cause and effect (kārya kāraṇayukti), (3) the principle of reason based on logical proof (upa pattisādhana yukti), and (4) the principle of reason based on the nature of phenomena itself (dharmatāyukti).\nOn “principle of reason” as a translation for yukti, see Kapstein 1988, p. 152ff. See also Lin 2010 for an overview of yukti in Saṃdh.
rigs sngags 'chang ba ral gri|A class of vidyādharas.
rigs sngags kyi dbang phyug|‟Lord of the Family,” one of the eight bhūta kings.
rigs|Generally a reference to a person’s spiritual disposition.
rigs|The four social classes of traditional Hindu society: brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya, and śūdra.
rigs|Apart from its ordinary meaning as “family,” the term often refers to a tathāgata family (alternatively called a buddha family), reflecting the division of the Buddhist pantheon into families. In the Kriyātantras there are four main tathāgata families: the tathāgata, lotus, jewel, and vajra families.
rigs|In the context‌ of the present text, this term denotes the heritage or family of bodhisattvas following the Great Vehicle.\nWhen refering a son or daughter enlightened heritage, the expressions kula putra ({rigs kyi bu}) and kula duhitā ({rigs kyi bu mo}) are terms of endearment with which a teacher may address his or her own students. See the definition in Zhang Yisun et al (1975): 2686. In the context‌ of the present sūtra, these terms therefore denote a male or female follower of the Great Vehicle, distinct from the adherents of the lesser vehicles. This may be suggested in the translation “children of enlightened heritage,” which other interpretative renderings, such as “son of a noble family” or “son of a good family,” would lack.
ril ba spyi blugs|The name of a sitting place built for the Buddha in the northern region.
ril ba spyi blugs|A vase commonly used in brahminical rituals; a vase used to store drinking water.
ril ba stobs brtan|Mother of the buddha Supārśva.
ril ba|An implement used by brahmins for pūjā.
ril ba|A vase commonly used in brahminical rituals; a vase used to store drinking water.
ril por 'dzin pa|The sense, which ordinarily binds us, of the “objective” solidity and physical reality of things.
rim gro'i gnas|A large hall in the traditional Buddhist vihāra used for monastic assemblies.
rim pa bdun po|The seven netherworlds are the seven subterranean realms inhabited by nāgas and asuras.
rim pa'i bu|A great bodhisattva.
rim pa'i sras|A buddha.
rims drag po|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
rims med blo ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratāpa (745 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rims med|The 241st buddha in the first list, 240th in the second list, and 240th in the third list.
rims mi bzad pa|A class of spirits causing intermittent fever.
rims nad med pa yi blo mnga'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahātejas (450 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rims nad med|Birthplace of the buddha Toṣitatejas.
rims nad|Fever; a class of spirits causing fever.
rims nyin bzhi pa|A class of spirits causing quartan fever.
rims nyin re ba|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
rims|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rims|Apart from referring to fever itself, the term is also used as the name of the spirits that cause it.
rims|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
rin chen 'bab|A river in Enjoyment of Scents.
rin chen 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
rin chen 'byung ba|The name of an eon.
rin chen 'byung ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Fragrant.
rin chen 'byung ba|Future name of the banker’s son Bhayadatta, according to a prophecy of the Buddha.
rin chen 'byung gnas zhi ba|An important 11th century Buddhist monastic scholar who wrote prolifically on a number on both Mahāyāna and Mantrayāna works.
rin chen 'byung gnas zhi ba|Ca. late tenth–early eleventh century. An important Indian monastic scholar who commented on both Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna texts.
rin chen 'byung gnas|One of the five primary tathāgatas, he presides over the jewel family.
rin chen 'byung gnas|A buddha in a world system called Ratnāvatī, in the eastern direction.
rin chen 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānarāśi.
rin chen 'byung gnas|A bodhisattva. Also the name of one of five principle buddhas in the higher tantras.
rin chen 'byung gnas|The 103rd buddha in the first list, 103rd in the second list, and 104th in the third list.
rin chen 'byung gnas|“Source of Jewels.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
rin chen 'byung ldan|A buddha of the south.
rin chen 'byung|A buddha.
rin chen 'byung|A bodhisattva.
rin chen 'byung|An ascetic statesman.
rin chen 'byung|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Precious Tārā. Likely a shortened name for the thus-gone one Glory of the Origin of Pure Jewels.
rin chen 'chang ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vidyutketu.
rin chen 'chang|A knowledge mantra–holding king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin chen 'dzin|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen 'gros|Father of the buddha Ratnacūḍa.
rin chen 'gros|Mother of the buddha Ratna svara ghoṣa.
rin chen 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Parvatendra.
rin chen 'khor lo sna tshogs kyis klubs shing brgyan pa|A world realm in the distant past. Also the name of a world realm in the distant future in which five hundred buddhas will appear.
rin chen 'od 'phro ba'i ri bo dpal gyi gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
rin chen 'od 'phro ri dpal|The thirty-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Ratnārci parvata śirī.
rin chen 'od 'phro ri sgron|A buddha in the distant past.
rin chen 'od 'phrod|A buddha of the west.
rin chen 'od 'phro|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
rin chen 'od 'phro|Lit. “Jewel Light.” A buddha in a world system called Upaśānta, in the western direction.
rin chen 'od 'phro|Name of the banker’s son Bhayadatta when he reaches perfect awakening, according to a prophecy of the tathāgata Ratnaprabha.
rin chen 'od zer|The 361st buddha in the first list, 360th in the second list, and 355th in the third list.
rin chen 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siddhārtha (257 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rin chen 'od|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching. Also the name of a deva in Śakra’s retinue.
rin chen 'od|Name of Suvarṇottama prabhāśrī when she reaches perfect awakening, according to a prophecy of the Buddha.
rin chen 'od|“Precious Light.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
rin chen 'od|A world realm in the distant past. Also the name of a world realm in the distant future in which five hundred buddhas will appear.
rin chen 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṛtavarman (376 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rin chen 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī (translated as {rin po che'i 'od}), and also the name of the forty-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past (translated as {rin chen 'od}).
rin chen 'phags ma|Mother of the buddha Vilocana.
rin chen 'phags pa'i dpal|A buddha.
rin chen 'phags pa|A buddha realm.
rin chen 'phags pa|Mother of the buddha Maṇicaraṇa.
rin chen 'phags|Son of the buddha Dharmavikrāmin.
rin chen 'phags|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen 'tsho|One of the translators of this text.
rin chen 'tsho|A Tibetan translator active sometime during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.
rin chen bdun|The list of seven precious things varies. Either they are gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or else they are ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral.
rin chen bdun|The usual list is: (1) the precious golden wheel (Skt. cakraratna; Tib. {'khor lo rin po che}); (2) the precious jewel (Skt. maṇiratna; Tib. {nor bu rin po che}); (3) the precious queen (Skt. strīratna; Tib. {btsun mo rin po che}); (4) the precious minister (Skt. puruṣaratna or pariṇāyakaratna; Tib. {blon po rin po che}); (5) the precious elephant (Skt. hastiratna; Tib. {glang po rin po che}); (6) the precious horse (Skt. aśvaratna; Tib. {rta mchog rin po che}); and (7) the precious general (Skt. khaḍgaratna or senāpatiratna; Tib. {dmag dpon rin po che}). Here the precious queen is substituted by a precious woman (Tib. {bud med rin po che}) and the precious general is substituted by a precious householder (Tib. {khyim bdag rin po che}). However, in this text they appear listed slightly differently (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-076-001.html#UT22084-076-001-269 ). Here the precious queen is substituted by a precious woman (Tib. {bud med rin po che}), and the precious general is substituted by a precious householder (Tib. {khyim bdag rin po che}).
rin chen bkod pa'i go gyon seng ge|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vaiḍūryagarbha.
rin chen bkod pa'i rgya mtsho blo gros|A bodhisattva.
rin chen bkod pa|A buddha.
rin chen bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnapāṇi.
rin chen bkod pa|The name by which Ratnavara will be known when he becomes a buddha.
rin chen bkod pa|Lit. “Jewel-Array.” Name of one of the bodhisattvas in the original assembly (rendered in Tibetan as {rin chen bkod pa}); also the name (with several renderings in Tibetan) of a buddha who presides in the universe called Ananta guṇa ratna vyūha, yet who comes to Vimalakīrti’s house at the latter’s supplication, to participate in the esoteric teachings. He can be identified with the Tathāgata Ratnasaṃbhava, one of the five major buddhas of the Guhya samāja tantra.
rin chen bkod|The 499th buddha in the first list, 498th in the second list, and 492nd in the third list.
rin chen bkod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇicūḍa (82 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rin chen bkra ba|A buddha realm to the west.
rin chen bla ma'i ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
rin chen bla ma|Father of the buddha Gaṇin.
rin chen blo gros ma|Mother of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
rin chen blo gros|Mother of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
rin chen blo gros|“Precious Intelligence.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
rin chen blo|Mother of the buddha Śrīgupta.
rin chen blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmagarbha.
rin chen brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
rin chen brtsegs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Cūḍa.
rin chen brtsegs pa|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Ratanarāśi.
rin chen brtsegs|A bodhisattva.
rin chen brtsegs|A buddha realm.
rin chen brtsegs|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen byin|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen byin|Mother of the buddha Prabhaṃkara.
rin chen byin|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
rin chen byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhakrama.
rin chen byin|A three-year-old boy who plays the role of interlocutor in Teaching the Practice of a Bodhisattva.
rin chen bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
rin chen bzang po|Son of the buddha Puṇya pradīpa rāja.
rin chen bzang po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen bzang po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samṛddhajñāna.
rin chen bzang po|A famous translator and editor of canonical texts during the second spread of Indian Buddhism into Tibet. He lived from 958–1055.
rin chen bzang po|A famous Tibetan translator who lived from 958 to 1055 ce. He was mainly active in western Tibet, especially at Tholing monastery.
rin chen bzangs|Father of the buddha Ratna.
rin chen can|A world system.
rin chen can|Mother of the buddha Pratibhāna kīrti.
rin chen can|The name of a world sphere ({'jig rten gyi khams}).
rin chen can|Lit. “Bejeweled.” A world system in the eastern direction, where the buddha Ratnākara now dwells.
rin chen char 'bebs|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin chen char 'bebs|One of the seven golden mountains that surround Mount Sumeru.
rin chen chen mo|Mother of the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.
rin chen chu sbyin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin chen cod pan|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
rin chen dag pa 'byung ba'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Precious Tārā. Likely an alternate name for the thus-gone one Origin of Jewels.
rin chen dam pa gtso bo|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Jewels. Likely an alternate name for the thus-gone-one Sublime Jewel.
rin chen dam pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Jewels.
rin chen dam pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Duṣpradharṣa.
rin chen dbang phyug|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen dbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Āśādatta.
rin chen dbyangs|The 473rd buddha in the first list, 472nd in the second list, and 466th in the third list.
rin chen dga' ba|Mother of the buddha Vibodhana.
rin chen dga' ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimala.
rin chen dga'|Attendant of the buddha Guṇadhvaja.
rin chen dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Tiṣya.
rin chen dgyes|The 876th buddha in the first list, 875th in the second list, and 866th in the third list.
rin chen dkyil 'khor can|A bodhisattva.
rin chen dpal 'byung|“The Source of Glorious Jewels.” The name of a world realm in the distant past.
rin chen dpal gyi dad pas brgyan pa|The realm of a buddha named Vairocana. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-1036 .
rin chen dpal gyi rtse mo'i sprin rab tu snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
rin chen dpal sgron yon tan dpal|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Ratana śirī pradīpa guṇa ketu.
rin chen dpal|Attendant of the buddha Ratnaśrī.
rin chen dpal|The queen of King Attainment of Victory.
rin chen dpal|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen dpal|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin chen dpal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Creator.
rin chen dpal|A bodhisattva; the Sanskrit name, but with a different rendering in Tibetan, also refers to a tathāgata.
rin chen dra ba can|A buddha.
rin chen dra ba can|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
rin chen dra ba can|A young Licchavi; the main interlocutor of this discourse.
rin chen dra bas khebs|A buddha realm.
rin chen dra ba|A buddha.
rin chen dra ba|A bodhisattva.
rin chen gdugs kyi dpal|One of the tathāgatas.
rin chen gdugs|A buddha.
rin chen gdugs|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen gdugs|Lit. “Jewel Parasol.” Name of a buddha of the past.
rin chen gdugs|Wheel-turning king said by the Buddha to be a former incarnation of the Buddha Ratnārcis.
rin chen glang po che|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen gling|A bodhisattva.
rin chen go cha mtha' yas|A buddha.
rin chen gom pas 'gro|A householder in this sūtra.
rin chen grags pa|Father of the buddha Maṇicaraṇa.
rin chen grags pa|The 403rd buddha in the first list, 402nd in the second list, and 396th in the third list.
rin chen grags|Mother of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
rin chen grags|The 143rd buddha in the first list, 143rd in the second list, and 143rd in the third list.
rin chen grub|One of the two Tibetan translators of this scripture.
rin chen gsal ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇivyūha (283 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rin chen gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Maṇiviśuddha.
rin chen gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna raśmi.
rin chen gtong|Father of the buddha Amohavihārin.
rin chen gtong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Marutskandha.
rin chen gtong|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śīlaprabha (853 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rin chen gtso|A buddha in the distant past.
rin chen gtsug phud|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
rin chen gtsug phud|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
rin chen gtsug phud|A wealthy merchant and Dharma patron, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 18.
rin chen gtsug tor can|A future buddha.
rin chen gtsug tor can|A buddha in the past.
rin chen gtsug tor can|One of the eight tathāgatas.
rin chen gtsug tor|A buddha in the distant past.
rin chen gtsug tor|Mother of the buddha Ratnakīrti.
rin chen gyi rigs|One of the five buddha families.
rin chen gzi brjid dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Sthitabuddhi.
rin chen gzi brjid grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Praśasta.
rin chen gzi brjid kun tu sbed|Father of the buddha Mārakṣayaṃkara.
rin chen gzi brjid snang ba|Father of the buddha Samṛddhajñāna.
rin chen gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Candrārka.
rin chen gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rin chen gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṇicūḍa.
rin chen gzi brjid|The 314th buddha in the first list, 313th in the second list, and 308th in the third list.
rin chen khang pa|A buddha.
rin chen khar ba can|A bodhisattva.
rin chen khyu mchog|A buddha.
rin chen kun gyis 'phags pa ste rab tu brgyan pa'i gzug 'sdzin pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Family of Jewels. Likely the same as the thus-gone one He Who Possesses a Body Adorned with All Jewels and the thus-gone one Victory Banner at the Pinnacle of Dharma.
rin chen kun nas bsags pa|The buddha realm in which Avalokiteśvara will become a fully enlightened buddha. Probably the same as Sarvaratnasannicaya attested in the Karuṇā puṇḍarīka sūtra, where the Tibetan rendering is {rin po che tham cad yang dag par sags pa}.
rin chen kun tu 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśas.
rin chen kun tu 'phags|One of the ten absorptions of the bodhisattvas.
rin chen lag|Father of the buddha Ratnapāṇi.
rin chen lag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śāntimati.
rin chen ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Puṇyahastin.
rin chen ldan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen ldan pa|A palace in a past eon.
rin chen ldan|A buddha realm.
rin chen ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Śrīdeva.
rin chen ldan|The realm of the Buddha Ratnaketu.
rin chen ldan|Mother of the buddha Anupamarāṣṭra.
rin chen ldan|The buddhafield where the tathāgata Ratnaketu lives.
rin chen ldan|The buddha realm of the Buddha Infinite Light, located above this world.
rin chen lha mo|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
rin chen lha'i snying po|Mother of the buddha Devarāja.
rin chen lha|Son of the buddha Kusumadatta.
rin chen lha|The 190th buddha in the first list, 189th in the second list, and 189th in the third list.
rin chen lhun po|A buddha.
rin chen lhun po|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen ljon pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padmagarbha.
rin chen lus kyi dpal|The seventy-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Ratana gātra śirī.
rin chen mang po|“Many Jewels.” The buddha who had lived in a realm in the east (though the sūtra also states that it is in a downward direction) whose stūpa appears while Buddha Śākyamuni is teaching the Lotus Sūtra.\nIt is also the name as given in the verses for the eon in which Śāriputra will attain buddhahood. The name is different in the prose section.
rin chen mang|A buddha.
rin chen mang|Birthplace of the buddha Ratna.
rin chen mang|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Place Endowed with Great Power.
rin chen mang|One of the buddhas who assembled at Vimalakīrti’s house to teach esoteric practices, according to the goddess (Chap. 7).
rin chen ma|A queen.
rin chen ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen mchod 'os|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Varuṇa (631 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rin chen mchod|Son of the buddha Guṇagupta.
rin chen mchog bdun|The list of seven precious materials varies. They can be gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or they may be ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral.
rin chen mchog gi 'od kyi gzi brjid|A buddha in the distant past.
rin chen mchog gi dpung rgyan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen mchog gi tog grags ldan|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to the southwest of the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
rin chen mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
rin chen mchog ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Manujacandra.
rin chen mchog tu gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
rin chen mchog tu grags|Attendant of the buddha Bhava tṛṣṇā mala prahīṇa.
rin chen mchog|Name of a bodhisattva god whose wish sets off the teaching of the sūtra.
rin chen mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇārci.
rin chen mchog|The 501st buddha in the first list, 500th in the second list, and 494th in the third list.
rin chen mchog|A buddha in a past eon called Most Fragrant, in the world realm Fragrant. Formerly the god Trainable by Me.
rin chen mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mañjughoṣa (575 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rin chen mchog|Lit. “Supreme Jewel.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Vaśībhūtā, in the intermediate northwest direction, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
rin chen mdog bde|A universe of world realms in the distant past.
rin chen mdzes pa|Birthplace of the buddha Pradīpa.
rin chen mdzod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anihata.
rin chen me tog 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
rin chen me tog can|Mother of the buddha Vijita.
rin chen me tog gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Siddhi.
rin chen me tog gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
rin chen me tog kun tu snang ba|A royal city in the distant past.
rin chen me tog sgron ma'i rgyal mtshan|A four-continent world in the distant past.
rin chen me tog sgron ma|A capital city in the distant past.
rin chen me tog shin tu rgyas pa'i rigs|Name of a tathāgata.
rin chen me tog shin tu rgyas pa|A world system.
rin chen me tog sna tshogs me tog kun tu rgas|A buddha.
rin chen me tog|Name of a bodhisattva.
rin chen me tog|Mother of the buddha Padmaskandha.
rin chen me tog|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhasvara.
rin chen me tog|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
rin chen me tog|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin chen me tog|According to the commentary, an alternative name for Ratnapāṇi
rin chen me|A buddha.
rin chen me|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen me|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Luminous Gem.
rin chen me|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
rin chen mgrin dbyangs|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin chen mig|The goddess of Kapilavastu.
rin chen mig|Attendant of the buddha Ratnapāṇi.
rin chen mig|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin chen mnga'|The 828th buddha in the first list, 827th in the second list, and 817th in the third list.
rin chen mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
rin chen mtha' yas 'od|Father of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
rin chen mtha' yas 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Damajyeṣṭha.
rin chen mtha' yas bkod|Attendant of the buddha Puṇya pradīpa rāja.
rin chen mtha' yas bkod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇya pradīpa rāja.
rin chen mtha' yas brtsegs pa|A buddha realm.
rin chen mtha' yas khyu mchog|A buddha.
rin chen mtha' yas ma|Mother of the buddha Ratnapāṇi.
rin chen mtha' yas mdzod|Attendant of the buddha Caraṇaprasanna.
rin chen mtha' yas mdzod|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
rin chen mtha' yas sgrogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suvarṇottama.
rin chen mtha' yas|A buddha.
rin chen mtha' yas|Father of the buddha Subāhu.
rin chen mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnadhara.
rin chen mtha' yas|Name of the fifty-fifth meditative stability.
rin chen mtha' yas|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Well Adorned with the Factors Conducive to Awakening.
rin chen mtha'|Lit. “jewel limit.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rin chen mthon po|The 386th buddha in the first list, 385th in the second list, and 379th in the third list.
rin chen mthu rtsal|Attendant of the buddha Acala.
rin chen nga ro'i dbyangs|The 974th buddha in the first list, 973rd in the second list, and 964th in the third list.
rin chen nyi ma'i 'khor lo rnam par snang ba'i 'od|A world realm in the distant past.
rin chen pad mas rnam par gnon pa|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
rin chen pad ma|A lion king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin chen pad mo bzhud|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Joyful Entrance. Likely an alternate name for the thus-gone one Departed to a Lotus.
rin chen phreng ba ma|The name of an apsaras.
rin chen phung po|Name of a past buddha.
rin chen phung po|Son of the buddha Sañjayin.
rin chen phung po|Attendant of the buddha Subhadra.
rin chen phung po|Birthplace of the buddha Vibhrājacchattra.
rin chen phung po|The 307th buddha in the first list, 306th in the second list, and 301st in the third list.
rin chen phyag rgya|Name of the second meditative stability.
rin chen phyag rgya|Lit. “jewel seal.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rin chen phyag|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen rab gnas|A buddha realm.
rin chen rab sbyin|The 781st buddha in the first list, 780th in the second list, and 769th in the third list.
rin chen rab snang|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Shining with All Qualities.
rin chen rab zhi|Son of the buddha Dhyānarata.
rin chen rgyal mtshan blo gros mchog|A realm in the distant past. BHS verse: Ratana dhvajāgra mati.
rin chen rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rin chen rgyal mtshan|Mother of the buddha Dharmadhvaja.
rin chen rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the southern direction.
rin chen rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vigatatamas.
rin chen rgyal po dpal|The sixtieth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Ratanarājaśiri.
rin chen rgyal po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rin chen rgyal po|The abbreviated name of a tathāgata who presides over the buddhafield Full of Pearls. The name of a bodhisattva. The full name of this tathagata in this work is King of Jewels Devoid of Desire Whose Supreme Emanation Has Arisen from the Expanse of Phenomena, Who Is Ornamented by Boundless Sunlight from the Top of His Crown Protuberance and by an Aspiration Like Moonlight, Whose Body Is Bedecked and Elegantly Ornamented with Offerings of Excellent Perfumes, Who Has a Body Like a Lotus Flower Lovely as a Resplendent Blue Beryl Gemstone, the Light of the Good Qualities of Whom Are as Beautiful as a Glorious Pure Sky Free of Dust.
rin chen rgyan can ma|‟Jewel Goddess,” one of the eight goddesses of offerings in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala.
rin chen ri bo'i spo'i 'od zer sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
rin chen ri rab dpal|The thirty-seventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Maṇisumeruśirī.
rin chen rigs spyod|A yakṣa deity.
rin chen rigs|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one He Who Possesses a Body Adorned with All Jewels/He Who Possesses a Body Adorned, Exalted by All Jewels/Victory Banner at the Pinnacle of Dharma.
rin chen ri|A buddha in the distant past. BHS: Ratanameru.
rin chen rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
rin chen rnam par grags|Son of the buddha Svaracodaka.
rin chen rnam par grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa.
rin chen rtse mo|A bodhisattva.
rin chen sA la|A buddha.
rin chen sbed|Son of the buddha Siṃhapārśva.
rin chen sbyin|Mother of the buddha Varabodhigati.
rin chen sbyin|The ninety-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Ratanadānaśiri.
rin chen sde|Eighth-century Tibetan translator of Toh 21.
rin chen sdong|Mother of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
rin chen sdud|The name of a giant vajra jewel.
rin chen sems pa|“Mind of Jewels.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
rin chen sems|Attendant of the buddha Sañjayin.
rin chen sems|Father of the buddha Ratnacandra.
rin chen sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mati.
rin chen seng ge|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
rin chen sgo|A world system.
rin chen sgrol ma|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Origin of Pure Jewels.
rin chen sgron ma|The name of a dhāraṇī.
rin chen sgron ma|Father of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
rin chen sgron ma|Mother of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
rin chen sgron ma|Attendant of the buddha Nāgadatta.
rin chen sgron ma|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpa dama sthita.
rin chen sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sudatta.
rin chen sgron|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
rin chen sgron|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Subuddhi (424 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rin chen skar rgyal|Father of the buddha Bhadrapāla.
rin chen skyong|A nāga king.
rin chen skyong|A world system in the southern direction.
rin chen sna bdun|The list of seven precious materials varies. Either they are gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or else they are ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral.
rin chen sna bdun|The seven precious things in this context‌ comprise the seven precious metals and stones, namely, gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire. More generally‌, they may also comprise the symbols of royal dominion, namely, the wheel, gem, queen, minister, elephant, general, and horse. See Dudjom Rinpoche (1991), vol. 2, p. 156.
rin chen sna bdun|In this sūtra they are specified to be gold, silver, beryl, white coral, emerald, red pearl, and chrysoberyl. When associated with the seven heavenly bodies, and therefore the seven days of the week, they are the seven jewels: ruby for the sun; moonstone or pearl for the moon; coral for Mars; emerald for Mercury; yellow sapphire for Jupiter; diamond for Venus; and blue sapphire for Saturn. An alternative list is: gold, silver, beryl, crystal, coral, emerald, and white coral.
rin chen sna tshogs can|Nāga King Sāgara’s daughter, who in the future will become the Buddha Samantavipaśyin, in the realm of Light.
rin chen sna tshogs rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
rin chen sna tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Vibhaktagātra.
rin chen snang bas rnam par gnon pa'i mchod rten|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Future Hearers.
rin chen snang ba|The bodhisattva Saffron Color when he becomes a buddha.
rin chen snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Brilliant.
rin chen snang|A buddha realm.
rin chen snang|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen snang|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Crystalline.
rin chen snying po 'od|Father of the buddha Vaiḍūryagarbha.
rin chen snying po rgyal dpal gzi brjid ldan|The thirty-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
rin chen snying po|A buddha realm.
rin chen snying po|Son of the buddha Pradīpa.
rin chen snying po|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
rin chen snying po|Attendant of the buddha Kāñcanaprabha.
rin chen snying po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen snying po|The 299th buddha in the first list, 298th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
rin chen snying|The 116th buddha in the first list, 116th in the second list, and 117th in the third list.
rin chen so|Father of the buddha Pradīpa.
rin chen spyan|The name of a buddha in the distant past. BHS in verse: Ratananetra.
rin chen srog zhing|A bodhisattva in the southern buddhafield Buddha Courage.
rin chen stobs|Son of the buddha Siṃhabala.
rin chen ta la la|A bodhisattva.
rin chen thams cad 'od|A realm in the distant past. BHS: Sarvaratanābha.
rin chen thams cad mngon par shes pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suvarṇottama.
rin chen thub pa|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen tog 'od|Father of the buddha Laḍitakrama.
rin chen tog bya|One of the tathāgatas in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī.
rin chen tog gi rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Kalyāṇacūḍa.
rin chen tog gi rgyal mtshan|Son of the buddha Caraṇaprasanna.
rin chen tog gi rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
rin chen tog ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
rin chen tog mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnadhara.
rin chen tog rgyun mi 'chad pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
rin chen tog|A great bodhisattva.
rin chen tog|Mother of the buddha Ratnottama.
rin chen tog|A buddha in the realm called Ratnavatī.
rin chen tog|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Victory Banner at the Peak.
rin chen tog|The 180th buddha in the first list, 179th in the second list, and 179th in the third list.
rin chen tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; the tathāgata who seems to be an emanation of Mañjuśrī, identified with the mantra bhrūṁ.
rin chen tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnottama.
rin chen tshogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyahastin.
rin chen ud pa la'i dpal|Name of a tathāgata.
rin chen ud pa la'i dpal|The name of a tathāgata in the world realm Appearance of the Sovereign of Water.
rin chen yod|A world system.
rin chen yon tan|“Precious Qualities.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
rin chen yongs dag|Son of the buddha Suvarṇottama.
rin chen zla 'od|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
rin chen zla 'od|The 742nd buddha in the first list, 741st in the second list, and 731st in the third list.
rin chen zla ba byang chub kyi spyad pa spyod pa|A buddha.
rin chen zla ba dam pa'i 'od|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Fragrance of Aloe Wood. Likely an alternate name for the thus-gone one Moon’s Light.
rin chen zla ba sgron ma'i 'od|A four-continent world in the distant past.
rin chen zla ba'i khyu mchog|A buddha.
rin chen zla ba'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past.
rin chen zla ba|Father of the buddha Arajas.
rin chen zla ba|One of the sons of King Bimbisāra.
rin chen zla ba|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
rin chen zla ba|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
rin chen zla ba|The 300th buddha in the first list, 299th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
rin chen zla|Mother of the buddha Maṇiprabha.
rin chen|A lady.
rin chen|Mother of the buddha Sārathi.
rin chen|Son of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
rin chen|The 50th buddha in the first list, 50th in the second list, and 51st in the third list.
rin po che 'bar ba|Birthplace of the buddha Rāhu.
rin po che 'byor pa|Birthplace of the buddha Samṛddhajñāna.
rin po che 'byung ba|An absorption.
rin po che 'byung ba|The realm in which Subhūti will achieve buddhahood.
rin po che 'byung ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of Assembled Jewels.
rin po che 'byung gnas|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che 'dus pa'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Source of Preciousness.
rin po che 'od 'byin|A mountain on Radiant Streams.
rin po che 'od 'phro ba'i mig gi 'od|A king in the distant past.
rin po che 'od 'phro ba'i ri bo|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rin po che bcu|Ten precious substances. According to one list, in a Chinese commentary to the Buddhāvataṃsaka, these are: gold, silver, beryl, cat’s eye, emerald, coral, amber, pearl, carnelian, and sodalite.
rin po che bdun|The seven possessions of a cakravartin king: the precious wheel, jewel, queen, minister, elephant, horse, and general.
rin po che bdun|The list of seven precious materials varies. They can be gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or they may be ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral.
rin po che bkod pa mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Padmahastin.
rin po che bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Padmapārśva.
rin po che bkod pa|The name of a pavilion emanated by the Buddha.
rin po che bkod pa|A future buddha under whom the bodhisattva Maitreya is prophesied to attain buddhahood.
rin po che bkod pa|Lit. “Jewel-Array.” Name of one of the bodhisattvas in the original assembly (rendered in Tibetan as {rin chen bkod pa}); also the name (with several renderings in Tibetan) of a buddha who presides in the universe called Ananta guṇa ratna vyūha, yet who comes to Vimalakīrti’s house at the latter’s supplication, to participate in the esoteric teachings. He can be identified with the Tathāgata Ratnasaṃbhava, one of the five major buddhas of the Guhya samāja tantra.
rin po che brtsegs pa gcig pa|A buddha realm.
rin po che brtsegs pa|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che bzang po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rin po che bzhi'i me tog rgyas pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
rin po che chen pos brgyan pa|The name of the eon in which Śāriputra will become a buddha.
rin po che chen po|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnottama.
rin po che dag pa|The name of an eon.
rin po che dang ldan pa|The realm of the Buddha Ratnaketu.
rin po che dang ldan pa|A mountain in the eastern sea beyond Jambudvīpa.
rin po che dang ldan pa|The buddhafield of the Thus-Gone One Kuśala tejonir ghoṣa rāja.
rin po che dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sublime Jewel/Foremost Sublime Jewel.
rin po che dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Overwhelming All with Precious Qualities.
rin po che dang ldan pa|(1) Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sublime Jewel/Foremost Sublime Jewel. (2) Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Overwhelming All with Precious Qualities.
rin po che dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Vajrasena.
rin po che dpal|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
rin po che kun tu gnas pa|A world system.
rin po che lnga|Here the five are listed as gold, pearl, crystal, coral, and sapphire.
rin po che mngon du 'phags pa'i 'od zer|A buddha.
rin po che mtha' yas bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāmitra.
rin po che mthon ka ltar mig shin tu mdzes pa yon tan rin po che'i tog|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
rin po che nyi ma rab tu snang ba'i snying po|A buddha realm in the southwestern direction.
rin po che phung po|A buddha realm.
rin po che rgyal mtshan rgyan gyis mdzes pa|A park in another world realm in the distant past.
rin po che rnam pa lnga|Here the five are listed as gold, pearl, crystal, coral, and sapphire.
rin po che rnam par dag pa|A distant realm to the east, where Buddha Prabhūtaratna had lived.
rin po che rnams kyis kun tu gang ba|An ocean far beyond Jambudvīpa.
rin po che rtse mo'i gzi brjid|A city in another world in the distant past.
rin po che sbed pa|Birthplace of the buddha Prabhākośa.
rin po che sgrol ma|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Origin of Pure Jewels.
rin po che sna bdun gyi pad ma la gom pas 'gro ba|The name of Rāhula when he becomes a buddha.
rin po che sna bdun|The seven precious substances in this context are the seven precious metals and stones: gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire. More generally, they may also be the symbols of royal dominion: the wheel, gem, queen, minister, elephant, general, and horse.
rin po che sna bdun|Seven possessions of a universal monarch: the precious lady, precious jewel, precious wheel, precious elephant, precious horse, precious minister, and precious general or, as described in this text, precious master of the household. See also the detailed description in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-145 .
rin po che sna bdun|The seven royal substances or treasures of a universal emperor: precious wheel ({'khor lo rin po che}), precious jewel ({nor bu rin po che}), precious queen ({btsun mo rin po che}), precious minister ({blon po rin po che}), precious elephant ({glang po rin po che}), precious excellent horse ({rta mchog rin po che}), and precious army officer ({dmag dpon rin po che}).
rin po che sna bdun|When associated with the seven heavenly bodies, and therefore the seven days of the week, they are ruby for the sun, moonstone or pearl for the moon, coral for Mars, emerald for Mercury, yellow sapphire for Jupiter, diamond for Venus, and blue sapphire for Saturn. There are variant lists not associated with the heavenly bodies but retaining the number seven, which include gold, silver, and so on. In association with a cakravartin the seven jewels can refer, according to the Abhidharma, to his magical wheel, elephant, horse, wish-fulfilling jewel, queen, minister, and leading householder. In the Tibetan maṇḍala offering practice, the householder is replaced by a general.
rin po che sna bdun|The seven possessions of a cakravartin including the precious wheel, the precious elephant, the precious horse, the precious jewel, the precious woman, the precious steward, and the precious minister. In some forms of the list the steward or minister is variably replaced by the precious general (senāpatiratna; {dmag dpon rin po che}) or the precious sword (khaḍgaratna; {ral gri rin po che}). A more detailed description of these seven can be found in Toh 95, The Play in Full, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-92–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-103. There is also a detailed description of the seven treasures and the corresponding causal conditions for obtaining them in Toh 4087, the Kāraṇaprajñapti, folio 111.bhttps://read.84000.co/translation/toh4087.html. The term should not be confused with seven precious substances, a set of seven precious stones or minerals, which is a term found elsewhere but also rendered {rin po che sna bdun}.
rin po che sna bdun|The usual list is: (1) the precious golden wheel (Skt. cakraratna; Tib. {'khor lo rin po che}); (2) the precious jewel (Skt. maṇiratna; Tib. {nor bu rin po che}); (3) the precious queen (Skt. strīratna; Tib. {btsun mo rin po che}); (4) the precious minister (Skt. puruṣaratna or pariṇāyakaratna; Tib. {blon po rin po che}); (5) the precious elephant (Skt. hastiratna; Tib. {glang po rin po che}); (6) the precious horse (Skt. aśvaratna; Tib. {rta mchog rin po che}); and (7) the precious general (Skt. khaḍgaratna or senāpatiratna; Tib. {dmag dpon rin po che}). Here the precious queen is substituted by a precious woman (Tib. {bud med rin po che}) and the precious general is substituted by a precious householder (Tib. {khyim bdag rin po che}). However, in this text they appear listed slightly differently (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-076-001.html#UT22084-076-001-269 ). Here the precious queen is substituted by a precious woman (Tib. {bud med rin po che}), and the precious general is substituted by a precious householder (Tib. {khyim bdag rin po che}).
rin po che sna tshogs bdun|The list of seven varies. Either they are gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, and sapphire; or they are ruby, sapphire, beryl, emerald, diamond, pearls, and coral; etc.
rin po che sna tshogs bzang po las brtsegs pa|A kūṭāgāra in another world in the distant past.
rin po che sna tshogs kyi rtse mo'i rgyal mtshan|A four-continent world in the distant past.
rin po che sna tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Nāgadatta.
rin po che snang ba|The capital city of King Arciṣmān’s kingdom in Jambudvīpa.
rin po che snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system All Luminous Incenses.
rin po che snang ba|“The Light of Jewels.” A future eon in which Pūrṇa Maitrāyaṇī putra will become a buddha.
rin po che spong ba|Lit. “jewel forsaking.” Other versions read raṇaṃjaha, {nyon mongs ba med pa}: “defilement forsaking.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rin po che spyod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Jaya.
rin po che thams cad 'dus pa|The name of a giant vajra jewel.
rin po che thams cad bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Samṛddhayaśas.
rin po che thams cad kyi dri ma med pa'i 'od rnam par brgyan pa|A universe of world realms far to the east.
rin po che thams cad kyi gzi brjid rnam par grags pa'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sulocana.
rin po che thams cad kyi mdog kun tu snang ba'i dpal|A world realm in the distant past.
rin po che thams cad kyi snying po 'od sna tshogs can|A bodhimaṇḍa in a world realm in the eastern direction.
rin po che thams cad kyis brgyan pa'i gzugs 'dzin pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Family of Jewels.
rin po che thams cad kyis spras pa|A buddhafield in the northern direction of the Tathāgata Countless Qualities Precious Courage.
rin po che thams cad rab tu 'bar ba|A northeastern buddha realm.
rin po che thams cad ston pa|A present buddha realm, home to Buddha Ekaratna chattra.
rin po che tog gi rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samṛddhayaśas.
rin po che tog|Name of a bodhisattva.
rin po che tog|A bodhisattva whose name is proclaimed by Śākyamuni.
rin po che tog|In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, he is one of the six “directional” tathāgatas.
rin po che tog|It occurs as the main title of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī and also as the name of the main dhāraṇī of the Ratnaketudhāraṇī. It is also used in Buddhist texts to designate a special meditative absorption, a tathāgata, and a bodhisattva. Generally, the term refers to something precious and illuminating, i.e., a guiding light.
rin po che yi dpal|The 706th buddha in the first list, 705th in the second list, and 695th in the third list.
rin po che yi me|The 392nd buddha in the first list, 391st in the second list, and 385th in the third list.
rin po che yi stabs|The 836th buddha in the first list, 835th in the second list, and 825th in the third list.
rin po che yid du 'ong ba'i dpal gyi rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
rin po che'i 'byung gnas|A bodhisattva.
rin po che'i 'byung gnas|Father of the buddha Nala.
rin po che'i 'byung gnas|Son of the buddha Samṛddhajñāna.
rin po che'i 'byung gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Tacchaya.
rin po che'i 'gram|A forest in Supreme Strength.
rin po che'i 'od dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Surāṣṭra.
rin po che'i 'od gzer sgron ma'i rgyal mtshan rgyal po|A buddha in a world in the eastern direction in the past.
rin po che'i 'od|A buddha realm.
rin po che'i 'od|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i 'od|Father of the buddha Suvarṇottama.
rin po che'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnakrama.
rin po che'i 'od|A world realm in the distant past. Also the name of a world realm in the distant future in which five hundred buddhas will appear.
rin po che'i 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī (translated as {rin po che'i 'od}), and also the name of the forty-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past (translated as {rin chen 'od}).
rin po che'i bkod pa gcig pa|A buddha.
rin po che'i bkod pa mtha' yas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitakrama.
rin po che'i bkod pa|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i bkod pa|A future buddha realm, home to Buddha Ratnavyūha.
rin po che'i blo|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rin po che'i cod pan|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i dkyil 'khor rin po che thams cad kyis rnam par brgyan pa'i kha dog|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rin po che'i dkyil 'khor|A buddha realm.
rin po che'i dpal gyi rgyal po|A buddha.
rin po che'i dpal kun las 'phags pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
rin po che'i dpal|A buddha realm.
rin po che'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rin po che'i dra ba mtha' yas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Raśmijāla.
rin po che'i dra bas rnam par brgyan pa'i mdzod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Raśmijāla.
rin po che'i dum bu 'bab|A river in Enjoyment of Scents.
rin po che'i glang po dam pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with the Glory of Sublime Evenness.
rin po che'i gling|An ocean off Jambudvīpa.
rin po che'i gling|A mountain in the sea far beyond Jambudvīpa
rin po che'i gling|The name of a mythical island full of jewels and gemstones to which residents of Jambudvīpa occasionally attempted voyages to find their fortunes.
rin po che'i gling|The Kāraṇḍavyūha in the Vaidya edition references a group of islands, the distinction between singular and plural being lost in the Tibetan. Ratnadvīpa was one of the ancient names of Laṅka, as it was a rich source of jewels. In this same passage, however, Laṅka is identified as the land of the rākṣasīs. The theme of an ocean island rich in jewels appears frequently in Buddhist narratives.
rin po che'i go cha mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i gos yongs su snang ba|A buddha realm in the northern direction.
rin po che'i grogs po|A mountain between Kuru and Godānīya.
rin po che'i gtsug phud|A buddha.
rin po che'i gzi brjid phung po|Father of the buddha Vararūpa.
rin po che'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Mahābala.
rin po che'i lag pa|Father of the buddha Puṇyabāhu.
rin po che'i lag pa|One of the lokeśvara emanations of Avalokiteśvara.
rin po che'i lhun po|Father of the buddha Sumedhas.
rin po che'i lus mtha' yas par grags pa spyod pa'i mdzod|A Dharma teacher.
rin po che'i lus|A buddha.
rin po che'i mchod sdong|A buddha who lives in a southwestern buddha realm called Decorated with Banners.
rin po che'i mchog|A buddha.
rin po che'i mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja.
rin po che'i mdzod gcig pa|A buddha.
rin po che'i mdzod gcig pa|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i mdzod|An absorption.
rin po che'i mdzod|Father of the buddha Mahātejas.
rin po che'i mdzod|Birthplace of the buddha Pradīpa.
rin po che'i mdzod|Son of the buddha Sthitārtha buddhi.
rin po che'i me tog dang glog dang chos kyi 'brug sgra'i sprin gyi dbyangs|“The Voice of Clouds of Precious Flowers, Lightning, and Dharma Thunder.” A lake in the distant past.
rin po che'i me tog gi 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bodhana.
rin po che'i me tog gi 'od|A buddha of the present time in a world realm in the eastern directions, who had been King Dhanapati in the distant past.
rin po che'i me tog gi sprin|A bodhimaṇḍa in another world in the distant past.
rin po che'i me tog gis rab tu brgyan pa'i gzi brjid phung po|Mother of the buddha Puṣpa.
rin po che'i me tog gis rab tu brgyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Puṣpa.
rin po che'i me tog thams cad snang ba|Father of the buddha Puṣpa.
rin po che'i mig|A bodhisattva.
rin po che'i myig|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rin po che'i nags|(1) A forest in Endowed with Migration ({nor bu'i nags}). (2) A forest on the upper level of Living on the Peak ({rin po che'i nags}).
rin po che'i ngos|Birthplace of the buddha Supakṣa.
rin po che'i pad ma la rab tu bzhugs pa ri dbang gi rgyal po|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
rin po che'i pad ma la rab tu gnas pa sA la'i rgyal po|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Pleasant Melodious Sound.
rin po che'i pad ma las rnam par gnon pas bzhud pa|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Filled with Masses of Eloquence.
rin po che'i pad ma'i zla ba rnam par dag pa mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha countless eons in the past.
rin po che'i phreng ba can|A nāga king.
rin po che'i phreng ba'i gzungs la dga' ba|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin po che'i phreng ba|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i phung po|A buddha.
rin po che'i phung po|Father of the buddha Bhava tṛṣṇā mala prahīṇa.
rin po che'i rdo ba dang ldan pa|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
rin po che'i rdzas bdun|Generic phrase. Here specified first as lapis lazuli, beryl, gold, silver, coral, crystal, and pearl and later as lapis lazuli, ruby, emerald, coral, vajra, crystal, and gold.
rin po che'i rgya mtshor legs par gnas pa|The buddhafield of the Thus-Gone One Dharma sāgarā gramati vikrīḍitā bhijñā rāja.
rin po che'i rgya mtsho|Son of the buddha Ratnottama.
rin po che'i rgyal mtshan|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i rgyal mtshan|First of the five great kings.
rin po che'i rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Siṃhapārśva.
rin po che'i rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Indradhvaja.
rin po che'i rgyal mtshan|“Jeweled Victory Banner.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
rin po che'i rgyan|A city in South India.
rin po che'i ri rab rnam par snang ba'i rgyal mtshan mar mye|A buddha realm in the western direction.
rin po che'i ri'i rgyal po|The central mountain our universe according to Buddhist and Hindu cosmology.
rin po che'i rigs kyi 'od|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rin po che'i rigs|One of the five buddha families, it is presided over by the Tathāgata Ratnasambhava.
rin po che'i rigs|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one He Who Possesses a Body Adorned with All Jewels/He Who Possesses a Body Adorned, Exalted by All Jewels/Victory Banner at the Pinnacle of Dharma.
rin po che'i ri|A mountain.
rin po che'i rmang|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Fully Arrayed.
rin po che'i rna cha|A pore on Avalokiteśvara’s body.
rin po che'i rta|A buddha.
rin po che'i rtse mo'i khang pa brtsegs pa'i gzungs 'dzin ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
rin po che'i rtse mo|A world system.
rin po che'i rtse mo|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i sa las rnam par brgyan pa sprin gyi sgron ma|A royal capital in another world realm in the distant past. Its short form in verse is Sāla vyūha megha.
rin po che'i sa|A grove in Dwelling on Mixed Riverbanks.
rin po che'i seng ge snang zhing 'bar ba|A buddha realm in the downward direction.
rin po che'i sgron ma|Father of the buddha Dhārmika.
rin po che'i sgron ma|Attendant of the buddha Samṛddhajñāna.
rin po che'i snying po|A great bodhisattva.
rin po che'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
rin po che'i snying po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rin po che'i tog gi rgyal po|The name of two thousand pupils of the Buddha when they become buddhas.
rin po che'i tog|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnayaśas.
rin po che'i tog|A buddha who lives in the realm known as Jewel World.
rin po che'i tog|The name of a bodhisattva attending the Buddha’s teaching in this text.
rin po che'i tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pradīparāja.
rin po che'i tog|“Jeweled Pinnacle.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
rin po che'i tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; the tathāgata who seems to be an emanation of Mañjuśrī, identified with the mantra bhrūṁ.
rin po che'i tshogs kyi mdzod|Son of the buddha Smṛtiprabha.
rin po ches brgyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.
rin po ches byin|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
rin po ches rab tu brgyan pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyabala.
rin po che|Father of the buddha Sunetra.
rin po che|Son of the buddha Siṃhadatta.
rin po che|‟The Great Jewel,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs.
rin po che|The 380th buddha in the first list, 379th in the second list, and 374th in the third list.
ring ba la gnas pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ring bsrel|Funerary relics.
ring bsrel|The physical remains or personal objects of a previous tathāgata, arhat, or other realized person that are venerated for their perpetual spiritual potency. They are often enshrined in stūpas and other public monuments so that the Buddhist community at large can benefit from their blessings and power.
ring du 'khyam pa|Literally “those who have gone to the afterlife.” A synonym or interlinear gloss for preta; ghost in Exposition of Karma. Pretas are a class of sentient beings belonging to the “bad” or “unfortunate rebirth destinies” (Skt. apāya); see “animal.” In the commentary to the Petavatthu (the seventh book of the Khuddakanikāya of the Pāli Canon), the former term is explained as “having gone to the beyond or the afterlife” (Pāli paralokagata), which is effectively the same as Sanskrit preta and Pāli peta; departed, dead. The meaning of durāgata or dūraṃgama (“far-going,” “going here and there”) may refer to the belief that the ghosts of the deceased are able to move freely and quickly through space because they do not have physical bodies, and that the realm of the ghosts does not, in fact, exist in a fixed location but is everywhere. As the stories of the Petavatthu illustrate, the worlds of ghosts and humans often intertwine.
ring du 'khyams pa'i 'jig rten|The Sanskrit word means literally, “world of the dead;” one the five (or six) rebirth destinies belonging to the unfortunate (or lower) realms of rebirth; according to Indian Buddhist sources, Yama as the Lord of Death presides over the realm of the (hungry) ghosts (Skt. preta). See also preta.
ring du 'khyams pa|Literally “those who have gone to the afterlife.” A synonym or interlinear gloss for preta; ghost in Exposition of Karma. Pretas are a class of sentient beings belonging to the “bad” or “unfortunate rebirth destinies” (Skt. apāya); see “animal.” In the commentary to the Petavatthu (the seventh book of the Khuddakanikāya of the Pāli Canon), the former term is explained as “having gone to the beyond or the afterlife” (Pāli paralokagata), which is effectively the same as Sanskrit preta and Pāli peta; departed, dead. The meaning of durāgata or dūraṃgama (“far-going,” “going here and there”) may refer to the belief that the ghosts of the deceased are able to move freely and quickly through space because they do not have physical bodies, and that the realm of the ghosts does not, in fact, exist in a fixed location but is everywhere. As the stories of the Petavatthu illustrate, the worlds of ghosts and humans often intertwine.
ring du song ba|The seventh bodhisattva bhūmi.
ring du song ba|The name of a bodhisattva stage.
ring du song ba|The seventh ground of the bodhisattvas.
ring du song ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ring du song ba|Lit. “Far Reaching.” The seventh level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
ring du song|The seventh bodhisattva bhūmi.
ring mthong|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ring pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rin|Formal offering to welcome a guest consisting of water, flowers, and dūrvā grass.
ris gzhom pa|The third of the “hot hells.” Here, beings are perpetually crushed between rocks the size of mountains.
ris mthun pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
ri|A goddess; wife of Śiva in the Purāṇic traditions.
ri|Thirtieth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rje btsan|Son of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
rje btsun grags pa rgyal mtshan|1147–1216. Fifth throne-holder of Sakya monastery.
rje btsun grags pa rgyal mtshan|One of the five Sakya patriarchs. He was the son of Sachen Kunga Nyingpo ({sa chen kun dga' snying po}, 1092–1158) and the younger brother of Sönam Tsemo ({bsod nams rtse mo}, 1142–82).
rje btsun grags pa rgyal mtshan|A Tibetan translator and scholar (1147–1216), the third of the five Sakya forefathers and teacher of Sakya Paṇḍita; he translated and compiled a collection of 245 sādhanas in the Tengyur under the title Ocean of Sādhanas (sgrubs thabs rgya mtsho).
rje btsun ma|A yakṣiṇī invoked in magical rites.
rje rigs|A member of the merchant caste.
rje'i sras|A respectful address used by a wife to her husband.
rje'u rigs|One of the four castes, that of merchants.
rje'u rigs|Third of the four classes of traditional Indian society.
rje'u rigs|The merchant caste in the fourfold division of the society.
rje'u rigs|The class of merchants and farmers in India’s caste hierarchy.
rje'u rigs|The caste of merchants and farmers of classical Indian society.
rje'u rigs|The second lowest of the four classes in the Indian caste system, it generally includes the merchants and farmers.
rje'u'i rigs|A member of the merchant caste.
rje'u'i rigs|The third of the four classes in the Indian caste system. It generally includes merchants and farmers.
rjed byed|A demon that causes epilepsy.
rjes su 'dzin pa'i zla ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rjes su 'thun pa'i chos kyi bzod pa|A realization characteristic of the sixth ground of bodhisattvas, arising as a result of analysis of the essential nature of phenomena.
rjes su 'thun pa'i chos kyi bzod pa|A particular realization attained by a bodhisattva on the sixth bodhisattva level. This realization arises as a result of analysis of the essential nature of phenomena (dharmas).
rjes su 'thun pa'i chos la bzod pa|A particular realization attained by a bodhisattva on the sixth bodhisattva level. This realization arises as a result of analysis of the essential nature of phenomena (dharmas).
rjes su 'thun pa|Also translated as “well-organized.”
rjes su chags ma|One of the eight great yakṣiṇīs.
rjes su dpag pa|In Buddhism, inference is one of the two sources of valid knowledge (pramāṇa), the other being direct perception (pratyakṣa).
rjes su dran pa bcu|Mindfulness of the Buddha, mindfulness of the Dharma, mindfulness of the Saṅgha, mindfulness of morality, mindfulness of giving away, mindfulness of the gods, mindfulness of disgust, mindfulness of death, mindfulness of what is included in the body, and mindfulness of breathing in and out.
rjes su dran pa bcu|The ten recollections, as presented in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-182 , are: (1) recollection of the Buddha, (2) recollection of the Dharma, (3) recollection of the Saṅgha, (4) recollection of ethical discipline, (5) recollection of renunciation, (6) recollection of the god realms, (7) recollection of quiescence, (8) recollection of respiration, (9) recollection of physicality, and (10) recollection of death.
rjes su dran pa drug|Remembrance of the Buddha, the Dharma, the Saṅgha, relinquishing, discipline, and the gods.
rjes su dran pa drug|These are six things to keep in mind: the Buddha, the Dharma, the Saṅgha, morality (śīla), generosity (tyāga), and deities (devatā).
rjes su dran pa drug|Six things to keep in mind: the Buddha, the Dharma, the Saṅgha, generosity, morality, and the gods. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-057-006.html#UT22084-057-006-202
rjes su dran pa drug|The six recollections are (1) recollection of the Buddha, (2) recollection of the Dharma, (3) recollection of the Saṅgha, (4) recollection of giving, (5) recollection of moral discipline, and (6) recollection of the gods.
rjes su dran pa|The act of bringing something to mind or being mindful of something.
rjes su rtogs pa'i shes pa|Second of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
rjes su skyes pa|This term appears in reference to Su bhūti who is considered to be an “emulator” of Lord Buddha, in the sense that he appears to imitate him. This is, of course, not to be understood in the sense of rivalry or competition.
rkam pa|The eighth of the ten nonvirtuous actions (see ten nonvirtuous courses of action).
rkan ldan|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
rkang 'bam|A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
rkang 'gro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suvayas.
rkang bkra|The king who captured one hundred kings but released them after listening to King Sutasoma, the last of his captives, and developing faith in his teachings, especially the precepts on being true to one’s word. Various versions of this Sutasoma Jātaka are found in Buddhist literature, from the Pali canon onward.
rkang bkra|The cannibal prince who was born from the rape of king Sudāsa by a ferocious lioness and developed a taste for the flesh of human children. In the story alluded to here, the cannibal prince sets out to imprison one thousand princes to slaughter, but the bodhisattva Prince Candra intervenes and manages to turn the cannibal prince’s mind toward virtue so that he releases all his captives. This version of the story is found in Āryaśūra’s Jātakamālā, Jātaka 31, Toh 4150, folio 118.a.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4150.html
rkang dang rus pa la srin bu mang ba|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
rkang med 'gro|One of the garuḍa kings.
rkang mi 'khyol|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Oghajaha.
rkang pa 'phen pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rkang pa brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Vasuśreṣṭha.
rkang pa snying po|Four qualities that eliminate negative factors: zeal, vigor, attention (Tib. {sems pa}, Skt. citta), and investigation (Tib. {dpyod pa}, Skt. mīmāṃsā).
rkang pa'i 'gros|One of the kings of Nepal.
rkang pas 'jig rten gsum rnam par gnon|Name of a bodhisattva.
rkang pas 'thung|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rkang rgyan ldan|A son of King Ikṣuvāku.
rkang shu|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
rkang stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vikrāntagāmin.
rku ba'i grangs su gtogs pa|The measure of an object’s value that makes taking it without permission an act of stealing.
rku thabs su gnas pa|Someone who pretends to have been ordained though they have not. One class of person barred from joining the renunciate order.
rkyal chen|A member of an oceangoing ship’s crew whose job was to dive for pearls. Can also mean “fisherman.”
rkyang ma|One of subtle body’s three primary channels, most often described as either white or red, depending on the system of practice.
rkyen gyi rgyal ba|A being who attains victory (i.e. awakening) through specific circumstances. Almost certainly a synonym for a solitary buddha.
rkyen gyi sangs rgyas|Refers to a pratyekabuddha. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-057-004.html#UT22084-057-004-583 .
rkyen gyi theg pa|I.e., the pratyeka tradition.
rkyen gyi theg pa|Another name for the solitary buddha vehicle.
rkyen shugs|A type of gem, presumably red as in the blossoms of the kiṃśuka tree.
rkyen|The concomitant circumstances and influences in a causal process.
rlabs 'byung ba|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks ({rlabs rab tu 'jug pa}). (2) A river to the south of Jambudvīpa ({rlabs ldan}). (3) A river on Saṅkāśa ({rlabs 'byung ba}).
rlabs 'joms|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśāntamala (777 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rlabs 'khor bar gyur pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
rlabs chen lha|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rlabs chen po|(1) An ocean far off the coast of Jambudvīpa ({rlabs chen po}). (2) A river in the south of Jambudvīpa ({rlabs chen}).
rlabs ldan|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks ({rlabs rab tu 'jug pa}). (2) A river to the south of Jambudvīpa ({rlabs ldan}). (3) A river on Saṅkāśa ({rlabs 'byung ba}).
rlabs po che'i blo|A bodhisattva.
rlabs rab tu 'jug pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rlabs rab tu 'jug pa|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks ({rlabs rab tu 'jug pa}). (2) A river to the south of Jambudvīpa ({rlabs ldan}). (3) A river on Saṅkāśa ({rlabs 'byung ba}).
rlangs pa|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
rlangs pa|One of the first five disciples of the Buddha.
rlangs pa|One of the Five Excellent Companions, with whom Siddhārtha Gautama practiced asceticism near the Nairañjanā River and who later heard the Buddha first teach the Four Noble Truths at the Deer Park in Sarnath.
rlangs pa|The father of the wife of a Vārāṇasī merchant in The Hundred Deeds.\nNot to be confused with the Vāṣpa who was among the group of five monks (bhadravargīya) that received the Buddha’s teaching on the four noble truths.
rlangs pa|One of the five companions of Śākyamuni in asceticism and later one of his first five pupils, attaining the state of a stream entrant. After the Buddha’s death he is said to have headed the great council of ten thousand that established a canon of the Buddha’s teachings (while Kāśyapa was the head of a smaller council elsewhere who did the same).
rlom sems su byed pa|Make assumptions about, based on, or on account of something.
rlung 'byin|One of the four parasites that are said to be inside the birth canals of women.
rlung bde|A forest of the asuras.
rlung brgyad|The Tibetan {rlung brgyad} (“eight winds”) translates literally the Chinese 八風 (bafeng), which is a Chinese Buddhist term for the eight “winds” or influences that stimulate affliction. These are commonly known as the eight worldly concerns or dharmas ({'jig rten gyi chos brgyad}, aṣṭa loka dharma) consisting of: hoping for happiness, fame, praise and gain; and fearing suffering, insignificance, blame and loss.
rlung gi dkyil 'khor thams cad rnam par 'joms pa'i sprin|A tathāgata.
rlung gi dkyil 'khor|The ancient cosmology maintained that the cosmos was encircled by an atmosphere of fierce winds of impenetrable intensity (see Lamotte, p. 255, n. 15).
rlung gi drag shul dpal|The seventy-seventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Anilavegaśirī.
rlung gi khams mu med pa|Lit. “limitless wind element.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rlung gi lha|The god of wind.
rlung gi lha|The deity of the air and the wind.
rlung gi lha|One of the eight guardians of the directions, Vāyu guards the northwest quarter.
rlung gi mu khyud|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rlung gi rgyu ba|(1) Alternative name for Enjoying the Wind ({rlung gi rgyu}). (2) One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife ({rlung gi rgyu ba}).
rlung gi shugs ltar gshegs|The 414th buddha in the first list, 413th in the second list, and 407th in the third list.
rlung gnas|Father of the buddha Dhyānarata.
rlung la spyod pa|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods. Also known as Movement of Wind.
rlung las gyur pa'i nad|First of the four kinds of disease.
rlung las gyur pa|A class of spirits causing excess wind (the humor).
rlung lha|The god of wind.
rlung lha|Name of a bodhisattva.
rlung lha|God or spirit of wind (usually plural).
rlung lha|The Vedic god of wind, he presides over the southeastern direction.
rlung ltar 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
rlung ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the great yakṣiṇīs.
rlung mtshungs pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rlung nad|A disease caused by an imbalance of wind as one of the humors of the body.
rlung phyogs ma|One of the great mātṛs.
rlung sems|Son of the buddha Sucittayaśas
rlung yang dag par ston pa|A nāga king.
rlung|The deified wind; also, the deity who governs the northwestern direction.
rlung|Fifty-ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rlung|One of the four elements that constitute all matter, or one of the three primary humors (doṣa) of the body.
rlung|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
rlung|One of the three vital substances in the body, along with phlegm and bile, which result in good health when balanced and illness or less than optimal health when imbalanced.
rlung|Lit. “wind,” one of the four elements that constitute all matter, including the physical body, and one of the three primary humors (doṣas) in the Āyuvedic medical traditions.
rma bya chen mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the five Pañcarakṣā goddesses.
rma bya ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; also a short form of Mahāmāyūrī.
rma bya'i nags|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
rma bya'i nga ro|The 831st buddha in the first list, 830th in the second list, and 820th in the third list.
rma bya'i nga ro|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Suvayas (299 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rma bya'i sgra|An area in Kuru.
rma bya'i tshogs|A mountain on Videha.
rma bya|Fifteenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rma bya|The 692nd buddha in the first list, 691st in the second list, and 682nd in the third list.
rma med pa|The 822nd buddha in the first list, 821st in the second list, and 811th in the third list.
rma med|Son of the buddha Yaśaḥkīrti.
rmad byung ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
rmad byung|The 895th buddha in the first list, 894th in the second list, and 885th in the third list.
rmad byung|One of the nine aspects of the Dharma according to this sūtra. More commonly there are said to be twelve that include these nine.
rmad du byung ba'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñādatta.
rmad du byung ba'i chos kyi sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
rmad du byung ba'i chos kyi sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
rmad du byung ba'i chos|As one of the twelve aspects of the wheel of Dharma, it means descriptions of miracles.
rmad du byung ba'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
rmad du byung ba'i sde|Tenth of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
rmad du byung ba|Birthplace of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
rmi lam 'jigs byed ston|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
rmi lam mthong ba'i gegs|A rākṣasī on Sumeru Rival.
rmog gyon|Father of the buddha Vimuktacūḍa.
rmongs byed ma|One of the great piśācīs.
rmongs pa|Seemingly here in connection with {gti mug}, or delusion, one of the three root poisons.
rmongs pa|Son of householders in the country of Śūrpāraka. During the time of the Buddha, he was also known as Covered.
rmugs 'dzin|An alternate name for the yakṣa Kubera.
rmugs byed|A name of a spirit or class of spirits; variously identified as a type of demon that lives in magical weapons or that causes illness.
rmugs dang gnyid|The third of the five hinderances to attainment of the first dhyāna.
rmugs gnyid|Third of the five obscurations.
rmugs pa dang gnyid|One of the five hindrances to cultivating concentration (Skt. samādhi).
rna 'phyang rna cha gdub kor can|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rna ba gang po|A householder in this sūtra.
rna ba gon pa|A land in the east of Jambudvīpa.
rna ba'i me tog|A great bodhisattva.
rna ba'i rnam par shes pa'i khams|One of the eighteen constituents.
rna ba'i rnam par shes pa'i khams|Sixth of the eighteen sensory elements.
rna ba|King of Kanyakubja before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
rna ba|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
rna bcas thod pa can|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rna bo che|Name of a yakṣa general.
rna can ma|One of the eight great bhūtinīs.
rna cha can|A householder in this sūtra.
rna cha phyang phrul can|Seventy-seventh of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rna cha|Seventy-fifth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rna gsum|Name of a yakṣa general.
rna gtsug|A householder.
rna rtsub|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rna'i khams|Fourth of the eighteen sensory elements.
rna'i skye mched|Second of the twelve sense fields.
rnal 'byor can|“One who has yoga,” meaning “one who has mastery of the practice of meditation.”
rnal 'byor chen po'i rgyud|A term used to describe the later tantras of the Yoga class that incoporated more transgressive pactices and a wrathful aesthetic. Typified by the Guhya samāja tantra and Guhya garbha tantra.
rnal 'byor dang ldan pa|Practitioner of deity yoga; also a class of semidivine beings.
rnal 'byor dbang phyug|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
rnal 'byor ma'i gyud|A class of Buddhist tantra focused upon the figure of the yoginī and the meditative manipulation of the subtle energetic anatomy of the physical body. This genre is typified by the Hevajra tantra, Cakra saṃvara tantra, and Mahāmāyātantra.
rnal 'byor ma'i rgyud|The last development of Buddhist tantra in India; focused upon the figure of the yoginī and the meditative manipulation of the subtle energetic anatomy of the physical body. Typified by the He vajra tantra, Cakrasaṃvaratantra and the Mahā māyā tantra.
rnal 'byor ma|In the sūtra and Kriyātantra literature, a yoginī is a female spirit of the lower order.
rnal 'byor ma|With a long history in South Asian folklore and religious traditions, yoginīs are liminal, trangressive and often ferocious semi-divine female figures associated with the bestowal of temporal and transcendent spiritual accomplishment. In Buddhist tantra they are identical to ḍākinīs.
rnal 'byor ngag la dad byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhudeva.
rnal 'byor pa|The Tibetan means “one united with the genuine state,” in other words, “one who has attained the supreme accomplishment.”
rnal 'byor pa|“The one who is united,” a succesful practitioner who has attained realization. The Tibetan means “one who is united with the genuine nature.”
rnal 'byor sems dpa'|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candrapradīpa (565 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnal 'byor spyod pa|Influential philosophical school belonging to Mahāyāna Buddhism.
rnal 'byor spyod pa|Literally, a “practitioner of yoga,” meaning one dedicated to meditation practice. It can be synonymous with yogin. This is not a reference to the Yogācāra school of thought that developed within the Mahāyāna.
rnal 'byor|Literally “union” in Sanskrit; Tibetan specifies “union with the natural state.”
rnal 'byor|A term which is generally used to refer to a wide range of spiritual practices. It literally means to be merged with or “yoked to,” in the sense of being fully immersed in one’s respective discipline. The Tibetan specifies “union with the natural state.”
rnal'byor ma'i rgyud|The term refers variously to a literary genre, a period in the development of tantra, or, when written with lower case, an individual work belonging to this genre.
rnam 'byor 'gro|One of the rāśis.
rnam 'byung ma|‟Prosperity,” one of the eight great bhūtinīs.
rnam 'dud bu|One of the garuḍa kings.
rnam 'jig dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnam 'jigs|Name of a nāga king; name of a yakṣa; name of Rāvaṇa's brother in the Rāmāyaṇa.
rnam 'phrul klu|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Viniścitamati.
rnam 'phrul|Son of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
rnam 'phrul|Son of the buddha Sucintitārtha.
rnam bcom|The 698th buddha in the first list, 697th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
rnam brgyan|A kalpa in the distant past.
rnam dag 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānin (685 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam dag blo gros|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rnam dag blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nirjvara (240 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam dag dad pa|“Completely Pure Faith.” The daughter of King Prasenajit.
rnam dag rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
rnam dag spyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Adbhutayaśas (432 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam dag spyod pa|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
rnam dag|Father of the buddha Suvrata.
rnam dag|Attendant of the buddha Kṛtavarman.
rnam dag|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Immaculately Moved by Beings attains buddhahood as Candraprabha.
rnam grags blo gros|A bodhisattva.
rnam grags lha|Birthplace of the buddha Vibhakta jñā svara.
rnam grags rgyal po|Son of the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin.
rnam grags rgyal po|The 539th buddha in the first list, 539th in the second list, and 532nd in the third list.
rnam grags rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vegajaha (985 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam grags tog ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
rnam grags|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnam grangs dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahā prajñā tīrtha (736 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam grangs mtha' yas ldan|A world system.
rnam grangs sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratna.
rnam grangs su|Used adverbially, this term indicates that a given teaching has been skillfully adapted by the Buddha for the audience and therefore is not to be taken literally or definitively.
rnam grangs|In the sūtra, paryāya is used to denote (1) an expedient or a trick in the context of illusions produced by a magician; (2) a method, an approach through which one can practice in accordance with a teaching; or (3) a scripture, a teaching regarding a specific aspect.
rnam grol 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnapāṇi (673 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam grol ba'i dkyil 'khor|This term seems to refer to any ritual device in itself sufficient to produce liberation; it may thus refer to the entire text of the AP, to an individual rite, to a mantra or a mudrā, or to a set of a corresponding mudrā and mantra.
rnam grol brnyes|The 608th buddha in the first list, 607th in the second list, and 601st in the third list.
rnam grol dkyil 'khor|This term seems to refer to any ritual device in itself sufficient to produce liberation; it may thus refer to the entire text of the AP, to an individual rite, to a mantra or a mudrā, or to a set of a corresponding mudrā and mantra.
rnam grol gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍitāgragāmin.
rnam grol gtsug|The 665th buddha in the first list, 664th in the second list, and 656th in the third list.
rnam grol sde|Indian commentator (fl. early sixth century).
rnam grol tog|The 624th buddha in the first list, 623rd in the second list, and 616th in the third list.
rnam grol|Son of the buddha Ojodhārin.
rnam grol|Father of the buddha Śāntagati.
rnam grol|Attendant of the buddha Priyaprasanna.
rnam grol|The state of freedom from suffering and saṃsāra that is the goal of the Buddhist path.
rnam gzigs dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnam gzigs|A buddha in the past.
rnam gzigs|This translation and identification is conjectural.
rnam kun mngon rdzogs rtogs pa|Fourth of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
rnam mdzes na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
rnam mdzes|(1) A city at the fourth asura level, Immovable. (2) A lake on Equal Peaks. (3) A pond on Lofty Mound ({rnam par mdzes pa}). (3) Refers to Dwelling in Beauty ({rnam mdzes}).
rnam mkhyen|First of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
rnam nges blo gros|The 346th buddha in the first list, 345th in the second list, and 340th in the third list.
rnam nges|Son of the buddha Ugratejas.
rnam pa dang sems la dbang byed pa|An absorption.
rnam pa dor ba med pa|Name of the eighty-fifth meditative stability.
rnam pa dor ba med pa|Lit. “not forsaking any aspect.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam pa du mar 'gro ba|A forest in Continuous Movement.
rnam pa gcig tu gyur pa|Name of the eighty-fourth meditative stability.
rnam pa gcig tu gyur pa|Lit. “single aspect.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam pa med pa|Name of the sixty-fifth meditative stability.
rnam pa med pa|Lit. “aspectless.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam pa mngon par bsgrub pa|Name of the eighty-third meditative stability.
rnam pa mngon par sgrub pa|Lit. “accomplishing aspects.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam pa sna tshogs par rnam par bkra ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
rnam pa sna tsogs|A river in Majestic Trees.
rnam pa thams cad du 'od byed pa|Lit. “total illuminator.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam pa thams cad kyi mchog dang ldan pa'i stong pa nyid|A term which, in the commentaries of the third turning of the doctrinal wheel, is interpreted to mean that consummate buddha attributes are extraneously empty of all imaginary and dependent attributes.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-982 ).
rnam pa thams cad kyi mchog dang ldan pa|Name of the ninety-second meditative stability.
rnam pa thams cad kyi mchog dang ldan pa|Lit. “furnished with the supreme of all aspects.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam pa thams cad mkhyen pa nyid|A description of the mode of omniscience in which all possible phenomena as well as their ultimate nature are known.
rnam pa zad mi shes pa|Name of the ninety-fourth meditative stability.
rnam par 'bab pa|A forest on Saṅkāśa.
rnam par 'bus gzhigs pa'i 'du shes|Second of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rnam par 'byed blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prabhākara.
rnam par 'byed blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhavapuṣpa (972 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam par 'byed ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vajrasaṃhata (738 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam par 'byed pa'i sde|Birthplace of the buddha Velāmaprabha.
rnam par 'byed pa'i sde|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagātra.
rnam par 'byed pas rnam par phye ba|A buddha.
rnam par 'byed pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its ninth week.
rnam par 'byes pa'i sku|The 198th buddha in the first list, 197th in the second list, and 197th in the third list.
rnam par 'dal ba|The name of this unidentified legendary mountain may be inspired by Vipula Mountain by Rājgir.
rnam par 'dren pa|“Remover of Obstacles”; the Buddhist version of Gaṇeśa.
rnam par 'dud|One of the seven golden mountains.
rnam par 'jig pa|(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1963 ).
rnam par 'jigs byed|One of the kings of the rākṣasas; also, the name of a yakṣa.
rnam par 'joms par byed pa'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnam par 'joms pa|Name of the forty-fifth meditative stability.
rnam par 'joms pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rnam par 'joms|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnam par 'ju byed|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
rnam par 'phrul pa chen po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
rnam par 'phrul pa dang ldan pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnam par 'phrul pa mtha' yas|A buddha.
rnam par 'phrul pa thams cad kun tu ston pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānaprāpta.
rnam par 'phrul pa'i 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rnam par 'phrul pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇavisṛta.
rnam par 'phrul pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ajitagaṇa.
rnam par 'phrul pa'i rgyal po|The name of a bodhisattva.
rnam par 'phrul pa'i sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Aśoka.
rnam par 'phrul pas dang bar byed pa'i grags pa|A buddha in the southern direction.
rnam par 'phrul|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍitavikrama.
rnam par 'phyang ma|A rākṣasī known only from this sūtra.
rnam par 'thor ba'i 'du shes|Seventh of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rnam par 'thor ba|Name of the sixtieth meditative stability.
rnam par 'thor ba|Lit. “strewing.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam par 'thor rlung chen po|A wind deity referred to as king of the wind.
rnam par 'thor rlung chen po|A great wind king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnam par 'thor rlung|A wind deity referred to as king of the wind.
rnam par 'thor rlung|A great wind king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnam par bam pa'i 'du shes|First of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rnam par bde srung gi bu|An Indian seer.
rnam par bgrags pa'i stobs kyi 'od zer|A buddha.
rnam par bkod pa|An absorption.
rnam par bkra ba'i chu'i pad ma'i rdzing bu|A forest in Total Pleasure.
rnam par bkra ba'i chu|A river in Moving in Vast Environments.
rnam par blta ba'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vimalarāja.
rnam par blta ba|One of the worlds in the distant past.
rnam par bltas pa'i nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par bltas|Birthplace of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
rnam par brgyan pa'i mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Laḍita.
rnam par brgyan pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rnam par brgyan pa|Vyūhā (Ornamented) is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Sarvābhijñāmati rāja.
rnam par brtse ba'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyapriya.
rnam par bsgrags pa mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i rgyal po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i sgra|A buddha realm.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i stobs kyi 'od zer|A buddha.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i stobs kyi rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i stobs kyis 'bar ba|A king and great bodhisattva.
rnam par bsgrags pa'i zla ba|A bodhisattva.
rnam par bsgrags pa|A buddha realm.
rnam par bsgyings pa|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
rnam par byang ba|The opposite of ‘totally afflicted.’
rnam par byang ba|The purification of affliction (saṃkleśa).
rnam par byang ba|Another term for nirvāṇa, this is the counterpart of “defilement.”
rnam par byang ba|The process of liberation from saṃsāra through the application of the path.
rnam par byang ba|A term meaning purity or purification and broadly referring to the process of purifying the mind of what obscures it in order to attain spiritual awakening. It is often paired with its opposite saṃkleśa, meaning “pollution.”
rnam par bzhag pa|This term has the connotation of something being agreed upon, represented, arranged, settled, decreed, or established. Also translated here as “established” and “posited.”
rnam par bzhi'i gzigs|Probably a variant of the Buddha’s five observations (pañcadarśana), the five predeterminations of Buddha Śākyamuni before he came to this world: (1) {dus la gzigs pa}, observation of the time for his appearance; (2) {rus la gzigs pa}, observation of the family of his birth; (3) {rigs la gzigs pa}, observation of the caste of his lineage; (4) {yum la gzigs pa}, observation of the mother to whom he would be born; and (5) {yul la gzigs pa}, observation of the land in which to disseminate his doctrine (Rigzin 366).
rnam par dag cing rdul bsags pa med|The future buddha Samantadarśin’s buddha field.
rnam par dag pa dri ma med pa'i mig|A bodhisattva.
rnam par dag pa gnas pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one He Who Attained the Perfectly Pure State of Universal Illumination.
rnam par dag pa'i 'od|A buddha.
rnam par dag pa'i blo gros|A buddha.
rnam par dag pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
rnam par dag pa'i mig|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par dag pa'i myig|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rnam par dag pa'i spyan|A buddha.
rnam par dag pa'i tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Subuddhi.
rnam par dag par gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amṛtaprasanna.
rnam par dag pas dgyes pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rnam par dag pa|The name of a past eon.
rnam par dag pa|Father of the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin.
rnam par dag pa|One of the gods from the realm of the Pure Abode.
rnam par dag pa|The pure aspect (usually a particular Buddhist category) of a ritual implement or any ordinary entity.
rnam par dag pa|The pure category, usually beyond the mundane, represented by any ritual implement, iconographic feature, or any other tangible element of worship.
rnam par dag spyod|A householder in this sūtra.
rnam par dag spyod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dhyānarata.
rnam par dag|A buddha realm.
rnam par dag|Birthplace of the buddha Pūritāṅga.
rnam par dgod pa bzhi|The four presentations are (1) a presentation of doctrine representations (the divisions of the Buddha’s teachings), (2) a presentation of truth representations (one, two, four, up to an infinite number of truths), (3) a presentation of reasoning ({rig}/{rigs pa}, yukti) representations (from contingency, function, logical proof, and the nature of things), and (4) a presentation of vehicles (three).\nPāli vavatthāna; Ñāṇamoli 1976 “definition”; Thurman 2004 “classification.”
rnam par dmar ba'i 'du shes|Third of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rnam par du ma rnam par 'phrul pa|A buddha.
rnam par dul|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnam par gdon mi za ba'i don|Birthplace of the buddha Śāntārtha.
rnam par gdon mi za ba'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anupamavādin.
rnam par gnon pa bzang po|A head merchant’s son in Dhanyākara.
rnam par gnon pa chen po|This term is used with specific reference to the subjugation of physical, emotional, and psychological factors that disturb the mind.
rnam par gnon pa don yod|A bodhisattva.
rnam par gnon pa dpag med|A buddha.
rnam par gnon pa'i lha stabs|The twenty-ninth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
rnam par gnon pa'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vikrāntagamin.
rnam par gnon pas gshegs pa|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
rnam par gnon pa|Father of the buddha Pradīpa.
rnam par gnon pa|Vikrama or Vikramāditya is another name of the Gupta emperor Candragupta II.
rnam par gnon|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par gnon|Father of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
rnam par grags pa'i dpal|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
rnam par grags pa'i klu|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vighuṣṭaśabda.
rnam par grags pa'i phung po|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnam par grags pa'i rgyal po|Son of the buddha Jyotiṣmat.
rnam par grags pa'i sgra|Attendant of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
rnam par grags pa'i sgra|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prabhaṃkara.
rnam par grags pa'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthita vega jñāna.
rnam par grags pa'i yid|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
rnam par grags par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Uccaratna.
rnam par grags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rnam par grags|Father of the buddha Garjitasvara.
rnam par grol ba mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Vigata mohārtha cintin.
rnam par grol ba'i bkod pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhadaṃṣṭra.
rnam par grol ba'i dbyangs|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rnam par grol ba'i dkyil 'khor|This term seems to refer to any ritual device in itself sufficient to produce liberation; it may thus refer to the entire text of the AP, to an individual rite, to a mantra or a mudrā, or to a set of a corresponding mudrā and mantra.
rnam par grol ba'i phung po|Fourth of the five definitive aggregates.
rnam par grol ba'i phung po|One of the five uncontaminated aggregates.
rnam par grol ba'i sgron ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arciṣmat.
rnam par grol ba'i ye shes mthong ba'i phung po|Fifth of the five definitive aggregates.
rnam par grol ba'i ye shes mthong ba'i phung po|One of the five uncontaminated aggregates.
rnam par grol ba'i ye shes mthong ba|The translators perhaps understood “insight into knowledge of liberation.”
rnam par grol ba'i zla ba|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par grol ba'i zla ba|The interlocutor for Vajra garbha in The Ten Bhumis. He appears in passing in a few other sūtras, but not in any tantras. On two occasions in verse he is referred to as Mokṣa candra.
rnam par grol bar gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pratibhāna cakṣus.
rnam par grol bas 'joms|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Somaraśmi.
rnam par grol bas spong ba'i gzi brjid rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Cāritratīrtha.
rnam par grol ba|This denotes emancipation or withdrawal from worldly life. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-8 .
rnam par grol ba|In its most general sense, this term refers to the state of freedom from suffering and cyclic existence, or saṃsāra, that is the goal of the Buddhist path. More specifically, the term may refer to a category of advanced meditative attainment known as the “eight deliverances”; for an explanation of these, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-1102 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-4868 .
rnam par gtan la dbab pa bstan pa'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
rnam par gzigs gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Abhaya (413 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam par gzigs pa'i nga ro|The name of a thus-gone one in a world system called Mirage that existed thirty eons ago.
rnam par gzigs pa|One of the six buddhas who preceded Śākyamuni in this Fortunate Eon.
rnam par gzigs|One of the six buddhas who preceded Śākyamuni in this Fortunate Eon.
rnam par gzigs|The 74th buddha in the first list, 74th in the second list, and 75th in the third list.
rnam par gzigs|Past buddha of the ninety-first eon; often counted as the sixth buddha before Śākyamuni.
rnam par gzigs|The first of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. The first three of the buddhas appeared in an earlier time than this present “fortunate eon.”
rnam par gzigs|The first of the seven tathāgatas/buddhas. Identified in other texts as the last but two of the buddhas that appeared in the eon that preceded the present one.
rnam par gzigs|In early Buddhism the first of seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. The first three buddhas—Vipaśyin, Śikhin, and Viśvabhuk—appeared in a kalpa earlier than our Bhadra kalpa, and therefore Śākyamuni is more commonly referred to as the fourth buddha.
rnam par lta ba grags pa dpag med|Son of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
rnam par lta ba'i mig|A bodhisatva great being.
rnam par lta ba|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
rnam par lta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sadgaṇin.
rnam par ltung byed|One of the grahas.
rnam par ma 'khrugs pa'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par ma dag pa dang bral ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Eternally Glorious Meaning of the Precious Irreversible Wheel.
rnam par mdzes pa|(1) A city at the fourth asura level, Immovable. (2) A lake on Equal Peaks. (3) A pond on Lofty Mound ({rnam par mdzes pa}). (3) Refers to Dwelling in Beauty ({rnam mdzes}).
rnam par mi rtog pa'i 'od|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Supreme Dharma.
rnam par mi rtog pa'i dbyings|The state of non-conceptuality.
rnam par mi rtog pa|Name of a bodhisattva; “Non-conceptual.”
rnam par mi rtog snang ba|Name of a bodhisattva; “Light of Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par mi rtog zla ba|Name of a bodhisattva; “Moon of Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par mkhyen pa|First of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
rnam par mthong bas dga' ba|(1) A lotus pool in Lateral. (2) A pond on Equal Peaks ({rnam par mthong bas dga' ba}).
rnam par nges pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Muni.
rnam par nges pa'i lha|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Asaṅgakośa.
rnam par nges pa'i mdzod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arthabuddhi.
rnam par nges par grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūryapriya.
rnam par nges pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhacandra.
rnam par nges|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmakīrti.
rnam par rgod pa|One of the grahas.
rnam par rgyal ba bsrung ba can|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par rgyal ba chen po|A bhikṣu in an analogy given by the bodhisattva Vajra garbha.
rnam par rgyal ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one He Who Acts as Supreme.
rnam par rgyal ba mnga' ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with the Vanquisher of All Demons.
rnam par rgyal ba srung|The name of a householder who becomes ordained.
rnam par rgyal ba srung|The name of a beggar who gives rise to the resolve set on awakening.
rnam par rgyal ba srung|The name of a child who requests the Buddha to allow him to go forth.
rnam par rgyal ba'i 'od|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Dīpaṃkara.
rnam par rgyal ba'i bshes gnyen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṅgala.
rnam par rgyal ba'i dbyangs|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
rnam par rgyal ba'i dbyangs|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Vanquisher of All Demons.
rnam par rgyal ba'i gtsug tor|One of the uṣṇīṣa kings attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnam par rgyal ba'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Vikrama.
rnam par rgyal ba'i sde|A great bodhisattva.
rnam par rgyal ba'i sde|Son of the buddha Maṇicūḍa.
rnam par rgyal ba'i sde|Name of Ajātaśatru in the state of a pratyekabuddha as prophesied by the Buddha.
rnam par rgyal bas rnam par gnon pa|A bodhisattva of the northeast.
rnam par rgyal bas rnam par gnon pa|“Conquest Suppressor.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Samādhyalaṃkṛtā, in the intermediate northeast direction, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
rnam par rgyal ba|Indra’s palace on the summit of Sumeru.
rnam par rgyal ba|A prince in another world in the distant past.
rnam par rgyal ba|A great city in the world system Most Fragant.
rnam par rgyal ba|The palace of Śakra in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
rnam par rgyal ba|Son of King Jaya.\nNot to be confused with the future buddha Vijaya.
rnam par rgyal ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one King of the Well-Settled Treasury of Peace.
rnam par rgyal byed|Śakra’s palace in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
rnam par rgyal chen|The 85th buddha in the first list, 85th in the second list, and 86th in the third list.
rnam par rgyal ma|“Triumphant,” Dyūtajaya’s wife.
rnam par rgyal ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the great yakṣiṇīs; also a mantra goddess representing the power (śakti) of all the buddhas.
rnam par rgyas pa|A lake in Constant Bliss.
rnam par rig byed ma yin pa'i gzugs|Entities, such as vows, that are categorized as form composed of the physical elements yet remain imperceptible.
rnam par rig pa|Perception of an object.
rnam par rko'i bu|An Indian seer.
rnam par rnags pa'i 'du shes|Fourth of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rnam par rol ldan|The 162nd buddha in the first list, 161st in the second list, and 161st in the third list.
rnam par rol pa can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pradyotarāja.
rnam par rol par ldan|The 111th buddha in the first list, 111th in the second list, and 112th in the third list.
rnam par rol par snang ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pradīpa (32 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam par rol pa|An absorption.
rnam par rol pa|Father of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
rnam par rtog med blo gros|Name of a bodhisattva; “Wise in Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par rtog med byams pa chen po dbang phyug|Name of a bodhisattva; “Lord of Non-conceptual Great Love.”
rnam par rtog med chos ston mkhas pa|Name of a bodhisattva; “Skilled in Teaching the Dharma of Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par rtog med dbang phyug chen po|“Great Lord”; the name of a bodhisattva in the Avikalpraveśdhāraṇī. This is more commonly used as an epithet of Śiva.
rnam par rtog med dbang phyug|Name of a bodhisattva; “Lord of Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par rtog med dpa' bo|Name of a bodhisattva; “Hero of Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par rtog med khyab byed|Name of a bodhisattva; “Pervading Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par rtog med nga ro|Name of a bodhisattva; “Roar of Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par rtog med ngo bo nyid|Name of a bodhisattva; “Having the Nature of Non-conceptuality.”
rnam par rtog pa lnga|The five false imaginations are enumerated in The Extensive Exegesis of the Transcendent Perfection of Discriminative Awareness in One Hundred Thousand Lines, Twenty-five Thousand Lines, and Eighteen Thousand Lines (Śata sahāsrikā pañca viṃśati sāhasrikā-ṣṭādaśa sāhasrikā prajnā pāramitā bṛhaṭ ṭīkā, KPD 55: 1217). Therein, the five false imaginations which may confront reversible bodhisattvas are (1) wondering whether they are engaged in the emptiness of the transcendent perfection of wisdom and the transcendent perfection of wisdom ({ci shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i stong pa nyid/ shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa la spyod dam}), (2) wondering whether they are exclusively engaged in something other than the transcendent perfection of wisdom ({ci shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa las 'ba' zhig spyod dam}), (3) wondering whether they are engaged in the transcendent perfection of wisdom ({'on te shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa la spyod dam}), (4) wondering whether they are engaged in emptiness ({'on te stong pa nyid spyod dam}), or (5) wondering whether they are engaged in something other than emptiness ({'on te stong pa nyid las gzhan pa zhig spyod dam}).
rnam par rtog pa'i mtshan ma|A “conceptual sign” should here be understood to refer to those signs that arise through conceptual engagement with the phenomenon under examination or discussion. See also “sign.”
rnam par rtog pa|Any type of dualistic concept or idea.
rnam par rtog pa|According to Buddhist epistemology, to conceptualize is to cognize in such a way that language is involved as a medium.
rnam par rtog pa|A mental function that tends to superimpose upon reality, either relative or ultimate, a conceptualized dualistic perspective fabricated by the subjective mind. It is often opposed to direct perception ({pratyakṣa}, {mngon sum}).
rnam par rtog pa|This brings up another important group of words that has never been treated systematically in translation: vikalpa, parikalpa, samāropa, adhyāropa, kalpanā, samjñā, and prapāñca. All of these refer to mental functions that tend to superimpose upon reality, either relative or ultimate, a conceptualized reality fabricated by the subjective mind. Some translators have tended to lump these together under the rubric “discursive thought,” which leads to the misleading notion that all thought is bad, something to be eliminated, and that sheer “thoughtlessness” is “enlightenment,” or whatever higher state is desired. According to Buddhist scholars, thought in itself is simply a function, and only thought that is attached to its own content over and above the relative object, i.e., “egoistic” thought, is bad and to be eliminated. Therefore we have chosen a set of words for the seven Skt. terms: respectively, “conceptualization,” “imagination,” “presumption,” “exaggeration,” “construction,” “conception” or “notion,” and “fabrication.” This does not mean that these words are not somewhat interchangeable or that another English word might not be better in certain contexts; it only represents an attempt to achieve consistency with the original usages.
rnam par rtse ba'i nga ro|Son of the buddha Mārakṣayaṃkara.
rnam par rtse ba|Name of a bodhisattva, the main interlocutor of Maitreya’s Setting Out.
rnam par rtse|A nāga king.
rnam par rtse|The name of a bodhisattva. “Playful One.”
rnam par sangs ba'i mig|A bodhisattva.
rnam par sangs rgyas pa'i blo|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rnam par sbyong ba|A realm that will appear in the eon Universal Illumination, one hundred incalculable eons from now.
rnam par sbyong ba|The name of the long-past eon during which the Buddha Bhaiṣajyarāja presided in the buddhafield Mahāvyūha.
rnam par sel ba gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
rnam par sel|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
rnam par sgra 'byin|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnam par sgrogs pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhavikrāmin.
rnam par sgrogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suvayas.
rnam par shes pa la gnas pa bdun|This refers to the seven categories of living beings, as enumerated in the Abhi dharma kośa, III, v. 5-6a. The seven abodes of consciousness consist of beings who differ physically and intellectually; beings who differ physically but are similar intellectually; beings similar physically but who differ intellectually; beings similar physically and intellectually; and three types of immaterial beings (nānātvakāya saṃjñāś ca nānākāyaika saṃjñinaḥ / viparyayāc caikakāya saṃjñāś cārūpiṇas trayaḥ // vijñāna sthitayaḥ sapta…). According to Vasubandhu the first category consists of men, the six types of gods of the desire-realm, and the gods of the first realm of contemplation (brahma vihāra) except those fallen from higher realms (prathamābhinivṛta); the second category consists of those fallen (prathamābhiniṛvṛta) gods who have different bodies but whose intellects are single-mindedly aware of the idea of being created by Brahmā; the third category consists of the gods of the second realm of contemplation—the abhāsvara (clear-light) gods, the parīṭṭābha (radiant) gods, and the apramāṇābha (immeasurably luminous) gods—who have similar luminous bodies but differ in their thoughts, which are bent on the experiences of pleasure and numbness; the fourth category consists of the śubhakṛtsna (pure-wholeness) gods, whose intellects are united in concentration on bliss; the fifth category consists of the immaterial beings who reside in the realm of infinite space; the sixth category consists of the immaterial beings who reside in the realm of infinite consciousness; and the seventh category consists of the immaterial beings who reside in the realm of nothingness. (See also Mvy, Nos. 2289-2295.)
rnam par shes pa mtha' yas pa'i skye mched|The second of the four states of imperturbability, which leads to rebirth in the formless realm (Skt. ārūpyadhātu).
rnam par shes pa mu med pa|Lit. “limitless consciousness.”Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam par shes pa smra ba|The school of “Consciousness-Only” founded by Maitreya and Āryāsaṅga, which shares with the Mādhyamika most of the philosophical techniques of the Mahāyāna, while differing on the interpretation of the profound meaning of voidness, or the ultimate reality.
rnam par shes pa'i gnas bdun|Seven categories that describe living beings in the higher realms, from humans up to the formless realm: (1) those different in body and different in perception; (2) those different in body and equal in perception; (3) those equal in body but different in perception; (4) those equal in body and equal in perception; (5) those reborn in the sphere of boundless space; (6) those reborn in the sphere of boundless consciousness; and (7) those reborn in the sphere of nothingness.
rnam par shes pa'i khams|The consciousness as an element or constituent of a sentient being.
rnam par shes pa'i phung po|Fifth of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
rnam par shes pa'i zas|Fourth of the four nourishments.
rnam par shes pa|One of the five aggregates, and third of the twelve links of dependent origination, this is sometimes also called “cognition,” and is the self-reflexive awareness of beings.
rnam par shes pa|Consciousness is generally classified into the five sensory consciousnesses and mental consciousness. Fifth of the five aggregates and third of the twelve links of dependent origination.
rnam par shes pa|The third link of dependent origination, the fifth of the five aggregates. In most Abhidharma accounts it comprises the six sensory consciousnesses (eye, ear, nose, taste, body, and mind), but in Yogācāra theory two more kinds of consciousness, afflicted (kliṣṭamanas) and storehouse (ālayavijñāna), are added. For the sixth consciousness, see also “mind consciousness.”
rnam par shes pa|The fifth of the five aggregates; also counted as the sixth of the six elements. In most Abhidharma accounts it comprises the six sensory consciousnesses, but in Yogācāra theory two more kinds of consciousness, afflicted (kliṣṭamanas) and storehouse (ālayavijñāna), are added. The term “consciousness” in this sūtra should not be assumed to conform fully to these classic categorizations.
rnam par shes pa|Third of the twelve links of dependent origination. Consciousness is defined as “an awareness which is knowing and luminous.” Not being physical, it lacks resistance to obstruction. It has neither shape nor color, and it can be experienced but not externally perceived as an object. A distinction is made between the mundane consciousness of sentient beings, and the gnosis of the buddhas. In the context‌ of the present discourse, the former includes six aspects of consciousness, namely, visual consciousness, auditory consciousness, olfactory consciousness, tactile consciousness, and mental consciousness, the last of which objectively refers to mental phenomena.
rnam par shes pa|The term vijñāna is formed by the prefix vi plus a formation from the root jñā, which means “to know,” “to understand,” “to know of,” “to be aware of.” (This is reproduced in the Tibetan as {rnam par} + {shes pa}.) “Consciousness” has a specific meaning in Buddhist texts and refers to awareness of an object, point of reference, or support. This meaning is occasionally obtained by understanding the vi as standing for viṣaya, which means a domain of activity and, in this case, the object of perception. The standard list of consciousness types is six, corresponding to the five sense faculties plus the “thought consciousness.” This refers to a type of mental perception that arises taking as its basis not a sense faculty but a prior moment of consciousness itself; this type of consciousness is unrestricted as per its possible range of objects, both in terms of their location in time (past, present, or future) and in terms of their type (visual, audible, etc., including entities that are not within the range of any of the five senses).
rnam par skra ba|King of the peafowl.
rnam par skye ba ma|The {stog pho brang} Kangyur has {rnam par 'phel ma}.
rnam par smin pa chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūrya (678 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam par smin pa|Literally, the “ripening.”
rnam par smin pa|The manifest result of a former action.
rnam par smin pa|The resultant maturation of karmic actions and the manifestation of their effects. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-614 .
rnam par sna tshogs par bkra ba|A lotus pond in Shining in Manifold Ways.
rnam par snang ba dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rnam par snang ba rin chen pad mo dpal gyi gtsug phud snying po|A cakravartin king in the distant past.
rnam par snang ba'i 'od zer gyis brgyan pa'i rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching, who in the distant past had been Queen Vimaladatta. He is known only from this sūtra.
rnam par snang ba'i 'od zer gyis brgyan pa|A buddha realm a great distance in the eastern direction.
rnam par snang ba'i dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rnam par snang ba'i mdzod|A magical tree. The name means “radiant treasure.”
rnam par snang ba'i rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
rnam par snang ba'i smon lam gyi gtsug gi 'od zer snang ba|A bodhisattva from an eastern realm.
rnam par snang ba'i smon lam ye shes dpal|A bodhisattva from a northwestern buddha realm. Also known as Vairocana praṇidhāna ketu dhvaja.
rnam par snang ba'i snying po|A palace in South India.
rnam par snang ba'i snying po|A bodhisatva great being.
rnam par snang ba'i snying po|Vairocana garbha (Core of the Sun) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Suprabhā.
rnam par snang ba'i snying po|The name of a bodhisattva in the presence of the Buddha at Śrāvastī, and also the name of a bodhisattva seen by Muktaka in the buddha realm of the Buddha Tāreśvararāja in the east.
rnam par snang bar byed pa|“Completely Illuminating.” A buddha.
rnam par snang ba|Name of the thirtieth meditative stability.
rnam par snang ba|Lit. “illuminating.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rnam par snang ba|Unidentified jewel; this term can mean “solar” and therefore could possibly refer to the sunstone.
rnam par snang byed 'od tog|Attendant of the buddha Vijita.
rnam par snang byed 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Padma.
rnam par snang byed 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāmitra.
rnam par snang byed bla ma'i ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
rnam par snang byed du snang ba|A buddhafield at the nadir where the Tathāgata Glory of the Precious Red Lotus resides.
rnam par snang byed grags pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Lokacandra.
rnam par snang byed kyi snying po|A bodhisattva.
rnam par snang byed mig|Son of the buddha Avraṇa.
rnam par snang byed rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva.
rnam par snang byed|Attendant of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
rnam par snang byed|The realm of the Buddha Candrasūrya.
rnam par snang byed|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnam par snang byed|A universal monarch in the past, a past life of Maitreya.
rnam par snang byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sudarśana.
rnam par snang byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñāna vihāsa svara.
rnam par snang mdzad 'od dpal|The sixty-eighth buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Vairocana prabha śirī .
rnam par snang mdzad 'od kyi rgyan|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Vairocana prabha viyūha .
rnam par snang mdzad dpal gyi gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha in an eastern realm.
rnam par snang mdzad dpal gyi ri rab|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa. Not present in available Sanskrit editions.
rnam par snang mdzad dpal gyi snying po'i rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
rnam par snang mdzad dpal|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rnam par snang mdzad grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānaśrī (442 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnam par snang mdzad gzi brjid dpal|A realm in the distant past. In verse it is called Vairocana dhvaja pradīpa śrī. Also called Vairocana śrī in Sanskrit and {rnam par snang ba} (Vairocana) in Tibetan.
rnam par snang mdzad kyi rgyan gyis brgyan pa'i snying po|A kūṭāgāra in South India in which Maitreya resides.
rnam par snang mdzad kyi smon lam dpal gyi rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva from a northwestern realm. Also known as Vairocana praṇidhi jñāna ketu.
rnam par snang mdzad kyi snying po|A buddha realm in the northwestern direction. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-261 .
rnam par snang mdzad snying po can gyi sprin chen po|A tathāgata.
rnam par snang mdzad snying po|A bodhisattva.
rnam par snang mdzad snying po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
rnam par snang mdzad|In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, he is one of the six “directional” tathāgatas; also, one of the future buddhas.
rnam par snang mdzad|A sambhogakāya buddha personifying (in the systems taught in the Sampuṭodbhava) the true nature of the aggregate of form.
rnam par snang mdzad|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas; one of the five buddhas (who preside over the five buddha families).
rnam par snang mdzad|“The Illuminator” is in this sūtra an epithet for the Buddha Śākyamuni, who appears in millions of places simultaneously. This is also the name of the principal buddha in the Caryā and Yoga tantras.
rnam par snang mdzad|Vairocana is a buddha who inhabits a buddhafield. This buddhafield is specifically said to be Suprabhā in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-37.html#UT22084-036-008-67 and http://read.84000.co/translation/toh104.html#UT22084-048-004-82. He also appears in Toh 44-37 with the name Vairocanagarbha.
rnam par snang mdzad|“The Illuminator.” Used in this sūtra as an epithet for the Buddha Śākyamuni, who appears in millions of places simultaneously, or, one could say, the buddha who emanates millions of buddhas including Śākyamuni. This is also the name for the principal buddha in the Caryā and Yoga tantras. In this sūtra it is also the name of a buddha that Muktaka sees in a distant realm, and also the name of a buddha in the distant past that Āśā was a student of in a previous life. In chapter 29 the layman Veṣṭhila refers to Vairocana as the principal example of present buddhas, presumably referring to Śākyamuni.
rnam par sngos pa'i 'du shes|Fifth of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rnam par spa ba|“Well-adorned,” Puṇyabala’s mother.
rnam par sprin mched|A buddha in the distant past.
rnam par sprul pa'i tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Cūḍa.
rnam par sreg byed|(1) A land in the east of Jambudvīpa. (2) A river in the land known as Aṅga.
rnam par sun 'byin pa kun tu spyod pa|Feeling remorse for past negative actions.
rnam par thar ba|This can include any method for liberation. There are numerous liberations described in this sūtra, each kalyāṇamitra having a specific liberation.
rnam par thar ba|This can include any method for liberation. The most commonly listed are the eight liberations: (1) form viewing form: the view of dependent origination and emptiness; (2) the formless viewing form: having seen internal emptiness, seeing the emptiness of external forms; (3) the view of the pleasant: seeing pleasant appearances as empty and contemplating the unpleasant; (4) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of infinite space; (5) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of infinite consciousness; (6) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of nothingness; (7) seeing the emptiness of the formless meditation of neither perception nor nonperception; and (8) seeing the emptiness of the state of cessation.
rnam par thar pa brgyad|Eight stages in the pursuit of liberation. One common formulation of these stages is: (1) the liberation of viewing form while internally possessing the notion of form; (2) the liberation of viewing form while internally free from the notion of form; (3) the liberation of observing the sublime; (4) the liberation of the sensory sphere of infinite space; (5) the liberation of the sensory sphere of infinite consciousness; (6) the liberation of the sensory sphere of nothingness; (7) the liberation of the sensory sphere in which there are neither concepts nor the absence of concepts; (8) the liberation of the cessation of concepts and feelings.
rnam par thar pa brgyad|The first three liberations occur within the form realm: (1) liberation of the embodied looking at form ({gzugs can gzugs la blta ba'i rnam thar}), (2) liberation of the formless looking at a form ({gzugs med gzugs la blta ba'i rnam thar}), and (3) liberation through beautiful form ({sdug pa'i rnam par thar pa}); and the latter five occur within the formless realm: (4) liberation of infinite space ({nam mkha' mtha' yas kyi rnam thar}), (5) liberation of infinite consciousness ({rnam shes mtha' yas kyi rnam thar}), (6) liberation of nothingness ({ci yang med pa'i rnam thar}), (7) liberation of the peak of existence ({srid rtsi'i rnam thar}), and (8) liberation of cessation ({'gog pa'i rnam thar}).
rnam par thar pa brgyad|Included among the fifty-five types of virtuous phenomena, the first three occur within the form realm ({gzugs kyi rnam par thar pa gsum}): (1) the liberation of the embodied looking at a form ({gzugs can gzugs la blta ba'i rnam thar}), (2) liberation of the formless looking at a form ({gzugs med gzugs la blta ba'i rnam thar}), (3) liberation through beautiful form ({sdug pa'i rnam par thar pa}), and the latter five occur within the formless realm: (4) liberation of infinite space ({nam mkha' mtha' yas kyi rnam thar}), (5) liberation of infinite consciousness ({rnam shes mtha' yas kyi rnam thar}), (6) liberation of nothingness ({ci yang med pa'i rnam thar}), (7) liberation of the peak of existence ({srid rtsi'i rnam thar}), and (8) liberation of cessation ({'gog pa'i rnam thar}) (Rigzin 236, 239).
rnam par thar pa brgyad|The eight aspects of liberation ensue: (1) when corporeal beings observe physical forms [in order to compose the mind]; (2) when formless beings endowed with internal perception observe external physical forms; (3) when beings are inclined toward pleasant states; (4) when one achieves and abides in the sense field of infinite space, thinking, ‘Space is infinite.’ (5) The fifth ensues when one achieves and abides in the sense field of infinite consciousness, thinking, ‘Consciousness is infinite.’ (6) The sixth is when one achieves and abides in the sense field of nothing-at-all, thinking, ‘There is nothing at all.’ (7) The seventh is when one achieves and abides in the sense field of neither perception nor non-perception. (8) The eighth is when one achieves and abides in the cessation of all perceptions and feelings.\nFor a more complete description, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-176 .
rnam par thar pa brgyad|A series of progressively more subtle states of meditative realization or attainment. There are several presentations of these found in the canonical literature. One of the most common is as follows: (1) One observes form while the mind dwells at the level of the form realm. (2) One observes form externally while discerning formlessness internally. (3) One dwells in the direct experience of the body’s pleasant aspect. (4) One dwells in the realization of the sphere of infinite space by transcending all conceptions of matter, resistance, and diversity. (5) Transcending the sphere of infinite space, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of infinite consciousness. (6) Transcending the sphere of infinite consciousness, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of nothing whatsoever. (7) Transcending the sphere of nothing whatsoever, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of neither perception nor nonperception. (8) Transcending the sphere of neither perception and nonperception, one dwells in the realization of the cessation of conception and feeling.
rnam par thar pa brgyad|The first consists of the seeing of form by one who has form; the second consists of the seeing of external form by one with the concept of internal formlessness; the third consists of the physical realization of pleasant liberation and its successful consolidation; the fourth consists of the full entrance to the infinity of space through transcending all conceptions of matter, and the subsequent decline of conceptions of resistance and discredit of conceptions of diversity; the fifth consists of full entrance into the infinity of consciousness, having transcended the infinity of space; the sixth consists of the full entrance into the sphere of nothingness, having transcended the sphere of the infinity of conscious ness; the seventh consists of the full entrance into the sphere of neither conscious ness nor un conscious ness, having transcended the sphere of nothingness; the eighth consists of the perfect cessation of suffering, having transcended the sphere of neither conscious ness nor un conscious ness. Thus the first three liberations form specific links to the ordinary perceptual world; the fourth to seventh are equivalent to the four absorptions; and the eighth represents the highest attainment.
rnam par thar pa bsam gyis mi khyab pa la yang dag par zhugs pa|A bodhisattva.
rnam par thar pa bsam gyis mi khyab pa|Inconceivable liberation of the bodhisattvas, a name of the Avataṃsaka, and a subtitle of the Vimala kīrti nirdeśa.
rnam par thar pa gsum|Absence of marks, absence of wishes, and emptiness. Also known as the “three gateways of liberation.”
rnam par thar pa gsum|The threefold liberation refers to emptiness (Tib. {stong pa nyid}), signlessness (Tib. {mtshan ma med pa}), and wishlessness (Tib. {smon pa med pa}). Note that 三昧 usually corresponds to the Sanskrit samādhi rather than trivimokṣa.
rnam par thar pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
rnam par thar pa rnams|Though not explicit in this text, this may be a reference to eight stages to liberation (aṣṭavimokṣa; {rnam par thar pa brgyad}), a series of increasingly subtle states of meditative realization or attainment. There are several presentations of these found in the canonical literature. One of the most common is as follows: (1) One observes form while the mind dwells at the level of the form realm. (2) One observes forms externally while discerning formlessness internally. (3) One dwells in the direct experience of the body’s pleasant aspect. (4) One dwells in the realization of the sphere of infinite space by transcending all conceptions of matter, resistance, and diversity. (5) Transcending the sphere of infinite space, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of infinite consciousness. (6) Transcending the sphere of infinite consciousness, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of nothingness. (7) Transcending the sphere of nothingness, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of neither perception nor nonperception. (8) Transcending the sphere of neither perception and nonperception, one dwells in the realization of the cessation of conception and feeling.
rnam par thar pa sgrib pa med pa la sangs rgyas rnam par rol pa|The name of an absorption.
rnam par thar pa'i dkyil 'khor|This term seems to refer to any ritual device in itself sufficient to produce liberation; it may thus refer to the entire text of the AP, to an individual rite, to a mantra or a mudrā, or to a set of a corresponding mudrā and mantra.
rnam par thar pa'i mgo|There are three doors to liberation: emptiness, the absence of characteristics, and the absence of aspiration.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo gsum po|Emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo gsum|Emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo gsum|Signlessness, wishlessness, and emptiness.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo gsum|Emptiness, absence of marks, and absence of wishes.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo gsum|Absence of marks, absence of wishes, and emptiness. Also known as the “three liberations.”
rnam par thar pa'i sgo|Emptiness, appearancelessness, and wishlessness.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo|Emptiness, absence of attributes, and absence of aspiration.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo|There are three doors to liberation: emptiness, featurelessness, and aspirationlessness.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo|Three qualities related to ultimate reality: emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness. In this sūtra, alse referred to as the three liberations.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo|A set of three points associated with the nature of phenomena that when contemplated and integrated lead to liberation. The three are emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness.
rnam par thar pa'i sgo|There are three, namely emptiness as a gateway to liberation, signlessness as a gateway to liberation, and aspirationlessness as a gateway to liberation. Among them, emptiness is characterized as the absence of inherent existence, signlessness as the absence of mental images, and aspirationlessness as the absence of hopes and fears.
rnam par thar pa'i zla ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
rnam par thar par dga'|Mother of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
rnam par thar pa|The state of freedom from suffering and saṃsāra that is the goal of the Buddhist path.
rnam par thar pa|There are three doors to liberation: emptiness, the absence of characteristics, and the absence of aspiration.
rnam par thar pa|The eight kinds of liberation refer to eight meditative states: (1) the perception of material form by one who has form; (2) the perception of material form by one without form; (3) the beautiful; (4) infinite space; (5) infinite consciousness; (6) nothingness; (7) neither perception nor absence of perception; and (8) the cessation of perception and feeling.
rnam par thar pa|Eight such accomplishments are traditionally enumerated: the liberation of form observing form, the liberation of the formless observing form, the liberation of observing beauty, the liberation of infinite space, the liberation of infinite consciousness, the liberation of nothing whatsoever, the liberation of neither presence nor absence of perception, and the liberation of cessation. (Note that “liberation” has also been used to render {rnam par grol ba}).
rnam par thar pa|In its most general sense, this term refers to the state of freedom from suffering and cyclic existence, or saṃsāra, that is the goal of the Buddhist path. More specifically, the term may refer to a category of advanced meditative attainment known as the “eight deliverances”; for an explanation of these, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-1102 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-4868 .
rnam par thar pa|In certain contexts this is a term for a method for attaining liberation. There is a traditional list of eight: liberation through (1) seeing that which has form as form (perceiving dependent origination, etc.), (2) seeing the formless as form (perceiving emptiness, etc., as dependent origination), (3) beauty (perceiving emptiness as beautiful), (4) the formless meditation of infinite space, (5) the formless meditation of infinite consciousness, (6) the formless meditation of nothingness, (7) the formless meditation of neither perception nor nonperception, and (8) cessation.
rnam par tshig pa'i 'du shes|Ninth of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rnam par yangs pa|(1) An old god approached by Musulundha. (2) A lotus pool in Swan Forest.
rnam par zhu byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
rnam par zos pa'i 'du shes|Sixth of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rnam pa|An epistemological term that signifies the mental content that results from sensory contact, which is often understood as a kind of “image” that presents itself before the mind.
rnam rgyal byed|A lake in Enraptured by and Attached to Song.
rnam rgyal khang bzangs|The palace of Śakra.
rnam rgyal khang|The palace of Śakra, an epithet for the god Indra, in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
rnam rgyal ldan ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnam rgyal nyid|A goddess shared by the Buddhists and the Śaivites.
rnam rgyal|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
rnam rol|The 276th buddha in the first list, 275th in the second list, and 275th in the third list.
rnam sgrogs|Son of the buddha Kṛtārthadarśin.
rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched bsgrubs te gnas pa|Fifth of the eight aspects of liberation.
rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched kyi snyoms 'jug|Second of the four formless meditative absorptions.
rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched la gnas pa|Eighth of the eight sense fields of mastery. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-209 .
rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched|Second of four states in the formless realm.
rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched|The second meditative state pertaining to the formless realm.
rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched|Second of the four heavens of the formless realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing one of the formless meditative absorptions.
rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched|Name of the second of the four formless realms and of the second formless meditative absorption, so termed because in its preparatory phase limitless consciousness is the object of meditation.
rnam shes mtha' yas skye mched|Second of the four formless realms. The term also refers to the class of gods that dwell there, and the name of the second of the four formless absorptions. The other three realms are the station of endless space, the station of nothing-at-all, and the station of neither perception nor nonperception.
rnam shes|One of the five aggregates.
rnam smin sdug|Father of the buddha Subhaga.
rnam smin sna tshogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sāra.
rnam snang mdzad|One of the tathāgatas.
rnam snang mdzad|A sambhogakāya buddha personifying (in the systems taught in the Sampuṭodbhava) the true nature of the aggregate of form.
rnam snang rgyal mtshan sgron ma'i dpal|A realm in the distant past. This is the name given in verse, while the prose has Vairocana tejaḥśrī. BHS has Vairocana tejaḥ śirī .
rnam spyod|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
rnam thar brgyad|A series of progressively more subtle states of meditative realization or attainment. There are several presentations of these found in the canonical literature. One of the most common is as follows: (1) One observes form while the mind dwells at the level of the form realm. (2) One observes forms externally while discerning formlessness internally. (3) One dwells in the direct experience of the body’s pleasant aspect. (4) One dwells in the realization of the sphere of infinite space by transcending all conceptions of matter, resistance, and diversity. (5) Transcending the sphere of infinite space, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of infinite consciousness. (6) Transcending the sphere of infinite consciousness, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of nothingness. (7) Transcending the sphere of nothingness, one dwells in the realization of the sphere of neither perception nor nonperception. (8) Transcending the sphere of neither perception and nonperception, one dwells in the realization of the cessation of conception and feeling.
rnam thar gsum|Absence of marks, absence of wishes, and emptiness. Also known as the “three gateways of liberation.”
rnam thar pa'i dkyil 'khor|This term seems to refer to any ritual device in itself sufficient to produce liberation; it may thus refer to the entire text of the AP, to an individual rite, to a mantra or a mudrā, or to a set of a corresponding mudrā and mantra.
rnam thar sgo gsum|Emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness.
rnam thar sgo gsum|These are: emptiness as a gateway to liberation, absence of marks of all phenomena as a gateway to liberation, and absence of wishes as a gateway to liberation. Among them, emptiness is characterized as the absence of inherent existence, absence of marks as the absence of mental images, and absence of wishes as the absence of hopes and fears.
rnam thar|Attendant of the buddha Laḍitāgragāmin.
rnam thar|The state of freedom from suffering and saṃsāra that is the goal of the Buddhist path.
rnam thos bu|A yakṣa.
rnam thos bu|The Catur mahā rāja of the northern direction who rules over the yakṣas.
rnam thos bu|One of the eight guardians of the directions, Vaiśravaṇa guards the northern quarter. Also known as Kubera.
rnam thos bu|One of the Four Great Kings, Vaiśravaṇa presides over the northern quarter and rules the yakṣas. He is also known as Kubera.
rnam thos kyi bu|One of the four great guardian kings, he presides over the northern quarter and rules over the yakṣas. He is also known as Kubera.
rnam thos kyi bu|One of the “four great kings, guardians of the world,” he is held to dwell in the north, presiding over the yakṣa spirits that live there.
rnam thos kyi bu|One of the Four Great Kings, or guardians of the world, he presides over the northern quarter and rules over the yakṣas that live there. He is also known as Kubera.
rnam thos kyi bu|A god of wealth. One of the four great kings, protector of the cardinal direction to the north of Mount Meru. Also called “Kubera.”\nNot to be confused with King Vaiśravaṇa.
rnam thos kyi bu|As one of the four mahārājas, he is the lord of the northern region of the world and the northern continent, though in early Buddhism he is the lord of the far north of India and beyond. He is also the lord of the yakṣas and a lord of wealth.
rnam thos kyi bu|The “Son of Viśrava (Completely Renowned),” guardian of the northern direction. He and his father are both also referred to as Kubera, and he is also known as Jambhala. He rules over spirits called guhyakas (literally “secret/hidden ones”), described in various capacities, giving rise to his epithet Guhyakādhipati (Lord of the Guhyakas). He is also regarded as a god of wealth.
rnam thos sras|One of the four great guardian kings, he presides over the northern quarter and rules over the yakṣas. He is also known as Kubera.
rnam thos|The yakṣa god of wealth and one of the Four Great Kings.
rnam thos|Another name for Kubera, king of the yakṣas. Among the four great kings who preside over the directions, Vaiśravaṇa is the king in the north.
rnga bo che dang cang te'u yi sgra ltar dir dir|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnga bo che'i sgra|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnga bo che|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the pratyeka buddhas.
rnga bo che|A conical or bowl-shaped kettledrum, with an upper surface that is beaten with sticks.
rnga bong|A sage with a human body and the face of a donkey and expert in astrology, he was a past life of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnga chen dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnga chen|A conical or bowl-shaped kettledrum, with an upper surface that is beaten with sticks.
rnga dbyangs rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Luminous.
rnga dbyangs|A bodhisattva who only appears in Mahāyāna sūtras. It is also a name for various buddhas, including an alternative name for Buddha Amoghasiddhi. Incorrectly translated as {mngon par 'byung dka'}
rnga mo'i bzhin|A land in the east of Jambudvīpa.
rnga sgra 'byin pa'i sgra|A forest on Encircled by White Clouds.
rnga sgra'i rgyal po|The name of a buddha traditionally equated with Amitābha or Amitāyus. Also called Amṛt adundubhi svara rāja.
rnga sgra|A bodhisattva.
rnga sgra|A great bodhisattva.
rnga sgra|A future solitary buddha.
rnga sgra|A belligerent nāga; one of Devadatta’s past lives.
rnga sgra|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnga sgra|In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, he is one of the six “directional” tathāgatas.
rnga yab|Sixty-fifth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rnga yab|The bushy tail of the yak used as a whisk for repelling flying insects. It is one of the insignia of royalty.
rnga zlum|This appears to be a small version of the mṛdaṅga drum.
rnga'i sgra dbyangs 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
rnga'i sgra'i dbyangs can|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rnga|A nāga king; one of Buddha Śākyamuni’s past lives.
rnga|Seventieth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rngog blo ldan shes rab|Kadampa master (1059–1109).
rngog ldan|A supernatural horse (bodhisattva), also known as Valāhassa, who saved shipwrecked persons from the island of man-eating rākṣasīs. See Rouse 1895, p. 127.
rngon pa|One of the grahas.
rngul ba ngal so ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
rngul zan|This appears to be another name for the cloak called saṃkakṣikā. It is listed as one of the extra two robes for a bhikṣuni, which covers the body, but in the Sarvāstivādavinaya, it is mentioned only twice, and both times in relation to bhikṣus. The Buddha says bhikṣus should cover their bodies with this cloak so their chest is not visible when they go on alms rounds in villages. The two Tibetan spelling variants mean either “sweat robe” or “dust robe.”
rnon pos byin|A nāga king.
rnon po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rnyed btson|Someone put up as a pledge or surety by another person.
rnyed par dka' ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rnyed sla|Another name of Maṅgala.
rnying pa|A lay follower of the Buddha.
rnyog med|Son of the buddha Vigatakāṅkṣa.
rnyog pa lnga|Degeneration of lifespan, views, [increase of] kleśas, beings, and era. The more common translation of pañcakaṣaya (as in the Mahāvyutpatti) is {snyigs ma lnga}.
rnyog pa med don|The 523rd buddha in the first list, 523rd in the second list, and 516th in the third list.
rnyog pa med don|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇāgradhārin (140 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rnyog pa med pa'i 'od|Father of the buddha Rāhubhadra.
rnyog pa med pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
rnyog pa med pa|Having an association with a state of (particularly mental) purity, and as such, not leading to further negativity and / or pain.
rnyog pa med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
ro bcud kyi snying po 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
ro brgya mchog gis bsten pa|A grove in Unmixed.
ro brgya pa|Attendant of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
ro bro ba drug dang ldan pa'i chu chen po'i sprin|A tathāgata.
ro bro ba'i mchog dang ldan pa|Twenty-fourth of the thirty-two major marks.
ro bro ba'i mchog|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-second of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
ro bzang ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
ro bzang ldan ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
ro bzang ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the great yakṣiṇīs.
ro dhA chen po|A river to the south of Jambudvīpa.
ro dpe med pa'i 'bras bu'i tshogs|A magical tree, the name of which means “covered in excellent, delicious fruit.”
ro drug|According to Āyurveda, all foods can be categorized by six tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent, and astringent.
ro hi na|A virtuous nāga king.
ro hi tI'i ri|A mountain on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
ro hi ta ka|A village or town.
ro langs ma|One of the female deities in the retinue of Hevajra.
ro langs ma|One of the five ḍākinīs visualized on the five prongs of the vajra scepter.
ro langs|A class of spirit beings typically associated with violent sorcery rites, the vetāla is most often described as a reanimated corpse or zombie.
ro langs|The term vetāḍa is a variant of vetāla, or {ro langs} in Tibetan. A class of being that occupies and animates the body of a corpse (Monier-Williams).
ro langs|A class of powerful beings that typically haunt charnel grounds and are most often depicted entering into and animating corpses. Hence, the Tibetan translation means “risen corpse.”
ro langs|A spirit that in particular haunts charnel grounds and can be used in sorcery to harm others. It can also possess and animate a corpse at will (which will then cease to deteriorate).
ro langs|A spirit that can inhabit and animate dead bodies, a zombie spirit. Hence, the Tibetan means “risen corpse,” although in the context of the Kāraṇḍavyūha it refers to a disembodied spirit.
ro langs|A class of beings that typically haunts charnel grounds and is most often depicted as entering into and animating corpses. A vetāla can be ritually induced to enter a corpse and then serve the ritualist in a variety of capacities.
ro ma|The right subtle channel (nāḍī).
ro ma|The prāṇa channel on the right side of the body.
ro ma|One of the yogic subtle body’s three primary channels, most often described as either white or red, depending on the system of practice.
ro mchog rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gaṇiprabhāsa.
ro mchog|Son of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
ro myang ba dang nyes dmigs la mkhas pa|A king; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
ro myogs|“Rotting Corpse,” one of the cold hells.
ro stod seng ge 'dra ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the eleventh of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
ro stod seng ge lta bu|Sixty-ninth of the eighty minor marks.
ro'i khams|Eleventh of the eighteen sensory elements.
ro'i skye mched|Tenth of the twelve sense fields.
rol mo yan lag lnga dang ldan pa|A traditional Indian classification of musical instruments enumerates non-membranous percussion, membranous percussion, wind-blown, plucked string, and bowed string.
rol mo'i bye brag bco brgyad|The eighteen requisites of musical performance, contained in the sixty-four crafts, are (1) the dancer (nartaka, {gar mkhan}); (2) the dance (nāṭya, {bro}); (3) kettledrum (bherī, {rnga bo che}); (4) clay drum (mṛdaṅga, {rdza rnga}); (5) tambour (muraja, {rnga phran}); (6) large kettledrum (dundubhi, {rnga chen po}); (7) small cymbal (paṇava, {'khar rnga}); (8) single-string lute (tuṇava, {pi vang rgyud gcig pa}); (9) one-sided clay drum (eka mukha mṛdaṅga, {rdza rnga kha gcig pa}); (10) metal bell (illarī, {lcags kyi sil khrol}); (11) bell-metal cymbals (sampa, {mkhar ba'i sil khrol}); (12) three-string lute (ballarī, {pi vang rgyud gsum pa}); (13) mukunda drum (mukunda, {rnga mukunda}); (14) harmony of percussion and singing (gītopa kṣipya tūrya, {sil snyan glu dbyangs dang bstun pa}); (15) musical tempo (tālāvacara, {pheg rdob}); (16) instrumentation (vādyaśabda, {rol mo'i sgra}); (17) lute (vīṇā, {pi vang}); and (18) flute (veṇu, {gling bu}).\nOn all these and related matters, see Jamgon Kongtrul TOK Book 6, Pt.1: 311–315.
rol mo'i cha byad yan lag lnga|The descriptions vary, but the five could be drums played by hand (ātata), drums played by stick (vitata), drums played by hand or by stick (ātatavitata), metal instruments such as cymbals (ghana), and wind instruments (suśira). Other less plausible descriptions define vitata as string instruments.
rol mo'i sgra can gyi shing ljon pa|A tree in Vaiśālī, at the base of which the Buddha Śākyamuni taught The Detailed Account of the Previous Aspirations of the Seven Thus-Gone Ones.\nThe corresponding term in the Chinese translation of this text is 樂音樹 (Chi. yue yin shu, “musical tree”), a term that is commonly used to describe the trees in Amitābha’s pure land.
rol mo'i tshal|A forest in Attached to Sound.
rol mo|The wild dance of wrathful male deities associated with the charnel ground.
rol pa|A deity invoked in a mantra.
rol snyed ma phrogs pa|The name of the chariot in which Sītā, the wife of Rāma, was carried away.
rrta gdong ma|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
rta babs brgya pa|A city in Godānīya.
rta babs|A distinctive feature of ancient stūpa architecture, a famous example being those of the Sanchi Stūpa, it is a stone gateway in the surrounding railing or vedika, and usually positioned in the four directions. They evolved into the well-known freestanding torii of Japanese religious architecture.
rta bzangs|A city or village.
rta cang shes|The Sanskrit word ājāneya was primarily used for thoroughbred horses. The compound joins the term with aśva (“horse”). An etymology as “all-knowing” is the basis for the Tibetan translation. In other contexts it was also used as a term of respect, often paired with “great elephant” in a description of realized beings.
rta dbang lha|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmadeva.
rta dmar|A sage.
rta gdong can|A type of kinnara that has a horse face and the body of a horse.
rta gdong ma|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
rta mgrin dkar po|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
rta mgrin|A wrathful emanation of Amitābha; an ancient king.
rta mgrin|The wrathful emanation of Avalokiteśvara; also, one of the emanations of Viṣṇu.
rta mgrin|An important wrathful deity of the lotus clan. Hayagrīva is also a deity in the Brahmanical pantheon.
rta rgod ma'i gdong|A great submarine fire in the far south-east of the ocean, which is the fire that will ultimately burn up the world. Also regarded as the entrance to the hells.
rta rgod ma'i kha|One of the emanations of Śiva.
rta rin po che|One of the seven treasures of the cakravartin king. The precious horse is described as having magical abilities, and a passage about it is found in Toh 95, The Play in Full, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html#UT22084-046-001-99. See also Toh 4087, the Kāraṇa prajñapti, folio 120.b.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4087.html
rta rna ri|The fifth of the golden mountain ranges (counting from the innermost) that encircle Sumeru.
rta rna|One of the seven golden mountains.
rta skad dbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Amitasvara.
rta thul|One of the first five disciples of the Buddha.
rta thul|One of the five ascetics who became the first disciples of the Buddha.
rta thul|One of the five ascetics, the companions of the Buddha during his early practice of austerities.
rta thul|A disciple of the Buddha. Before the Buddha’s awakening, Aśvajit was one of the five ascetics with whom he practiced.
rta thul|One of the Five Excellent Companions, with whom Siddhārtha Gautama practiced asceticism near the Nairañjanā River and later heard the Buddha first teach the Four Noble Truths at the Deer Park in Sarnath. He was renowned for his pure conduct and holy demeanor so Buddha sent him to attract Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana to the order.
rta thul|The son of one of the seven brahmins who predicted that Śākyamuni would become a great king. He was one of the five companions with Śākyamuni in the beginning of his spiritual path, abandoning him when he gave up asceticism, but then becoming one of his first five pupils after his buddhahood. He was the last of the five to attain the realization of a “stream entrant” and became an arhat on hearing the Sūtra on the Characteristics of Selflessness (An ātma lakṣaṇa sūtra), which was not translated into Tibetan. Aśvajit was the one who converted Śariputra and Maudgalyāyana into becoming followers of the Buddha.
rta yi gzugs|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
rta'i sprin|A forest on Deer Abode.
rtag dga'|(1) A peak on Sumeru ({rtag dga'}). (2) A realm of the ever-infatuated gods ({brtan dga'}).
rtag lta 'du shes|The first of two extreme views that distort perception of reality. Eternalism is the view that there is a permanent, enduring self that continues to be reborn unchanged from one lifetime to the next.
rtag pa dang chad pa'i mtha' gnyis|The two extreme views to be avoided when seeking an insight into emptiness.
rtag pa las byung ba'i rims|A class of spirits causing a lasting disease.
rtag pa mthong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇiviśuddha.
rtag pa rnam pa brgyad|The (1) examination of cloth, (2) examination of jewels, (3) examination of gems, (4) examination of incense, (5) examination of medicine, (6) examination of elephants, (7) examination of horses, and (8) examination of arms and armor.
rtag pa'i 'du shes|First of the four misconceptions.
rtag pa'i chu|(1) A lake on Equal Peaks. (2) A pond on Equal Peaks. (3) A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit ({brtan pa'i chu}).
rtag pa'i lta ba|The first of two extreme views that keep one deluded with regard to reality. Eternalism is the view that clings to some eternal, truly existent essence called “self,” based on the experience of a collection of, in fact, transitory phenomena.
rtag pa'i rims|A class of spirits causing continuous fever.
rtag pa'i rims|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
rtag pa'i shugs|A class of vidyādharas.
rtag par dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Uttīrṇaśoka.
rtag par lta ba|Eternalism is the view that clings to some eternal, truly existent essence called ‘self,’ based on the experience of a collection of, in fact, transitory phenomena.
rtag par lta ba|The wrong view or belief that the self exists in (or as one or all of) the psycho-physical aggregates (Skt. skandhas), or independent from them, and that it lives on unchanged and eternally after death; mentioned together with the wrong view of annihilation.
rtag par rgyags pa|A bird that lives on the banks of the River of Carelessness.
rtag par rgyun du brtson|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching, who appears in no other sūtra or tantra.
rtag par snang ba|“Permanent Luster.” The name of the future eon in which the girl Vimalaśraddhā will become a buddha.
rtag par yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa|A buddha in the southern direction.
rtag par yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Awakened.
rtag pa|A belief that there is some lasting eternal entity, whether a creator god, eternal substance, etc.
rtag res 'khor|An acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
rtag tu 'dod|Birthplace of the buddha Suvayas.
rtag tu 'jigs pa|A river in the hell of the Borderland of the Lord of Death.
rtag tu bde ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
rtag tu bdugs spos bdugs|A buddha realm.
rtag tu bla ma'i 'od zer|A buddha.
rtag tu blta ba|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇaskandha.
rtag tu brgyan pa|The buddha realm of King of All Śāla Trees.
rtag tu brgyan|A buddha realm.
rtag tu brnyas pa|A bodhisattva in the distant past, whose name has been translated to mean “Constantly Ridiculed” (sadā-pari bhūta) in Tibetan and by Burnouf from the Sanskrit. The Chinese translation and Kern from the Sanskrit translate it as “Never Ridiculed” (sadā-apari bhūta). The difference results from how the compound is broken apart. It is the Chinese and Kern version that better fits the context.
rtag tu brtsam pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
rtag tu brtson 'grus rtsom pa|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
rtag tu brtson pa|A bodhisattva present during the delivery of the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities.
rtag tu brtson|A great bodhisattva.
rtag tu brtson|Name of a bodhisattva.
rtag tu brtson|Lit. “Always Energetic.”
rtag tu brtson|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
rtag tu brtson|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the buddha Dīpaṃkara.
rtag tu brtson|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
rtag tu bsgrags|A buddha realm.
rtag tu btson|Name of a bodhisattva.
rtag tu bu don ltar bris pa'i lus can|A bodhisattva.
rtag tu bzod pa dang ldan|A buddha realm.
rtag tu dad pa'i rjes 'brang|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
rtag tu dga' ba|A class of vidyādharas.
rtag tu dga' ba|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
rtag tu dga' ba|(1) A park in Sustained by Fruition ({rtag tu dga' ba}). (2) A pleasure grove in High Conduct ({rtag tu dga' ba}). (3) A pond on Equal Peaks ({rtag tu mngon par dga' ba}). (4) A forest of the asuras ({tin di kun dga'}).
rtag tu dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Cīrṇaprabha.
rtag tu dmigs pa|A buddha realm.
rtag tu gdung ba'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
rtag tu glags tshol ba la rjes su lta ba|A māra (lit. “He Who Always Looks for a Weak Point”).
rtag tu glog 'khyug pa|A forest on Flocking Peacocks.
rtag tu gnas pa drug gis gnas pa|To always abide by the six spheres means to always be aware of and attentive to the six objects of visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and mental consciousness.
rtag tu kun du 'khrugs|A buddha realm.
rtag tu lag brkyang|Name of a bodhisattva.
rtag tu mdangs 'phrog pa sdong po'i rgyal po|A rākṣasa lord.
rtag tu mdzes pa'i 'od zer|A buddha.
rtag tu mngon dga'|A forest in Dwelling on Summits.
rtag tu mngon par dga' ba|A pond in Continuous Movement.
rtag tu mngon par dga' ba|A forest on the lower level of Living on the Peak.
rtag tu mngon par dga' ba|(1) A park in Sustained by Fruition ({rtag tu dga' ba}). (2) A pleasure grove in High Conduct ({rtag tu dga' ba}). (3) A pond on Equal Peaks ({rtag tu mngon par dga' ba}). (4) A forest of the asuras ({tin di kun dga'}).
rtag tu mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhacandra.
rtag tu mun pa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
rtag tu myos lha|A class of gods associated with the Four Great Kings.
rtag tu myos pa'i dri|A class of vidyādharas.
rtag tu myos pa|A class of gods associated with the Four Great Kings.
rtag tu myos|A class of godlings, probably related to yakṣas.
rtag tu myos|Name of a class of gods on the slopes of Sumeru.
rtag tu myos|“Always Excited,” a class of divine beings who live on Mount Sumeru.
rtag tu myos|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
rtag tu myos|One of the three classes of yakṣas at the base of Meru, below the paradises of the mahārājas, as part of the lowest class of paradises in the desire realm. Their name means “constantly intoxicated or insane” and because of their condition they are unable to follow the path to enlightenment.
rtag tu ngu|One of the bodhisattvas.
rtag tu nyams dga'|(1) A forest of the asuras. (2) A grove in Lateral.
rtag tu pad ma rab tu dga' ba|A pond on Equal Peaks.
rtag tu phyag brkyang|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
rtag tu rab brjod|A buddha realm.
rtag tu rab dga'|A forest in Dwelling on Summits.
rtag tu rab dga'|Lit. “Always a Joy.” Name of one of four gardens in the residence of the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata, in the city of Gandhavatī.
rtag tu rab tu dga' ba go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
rtag tu rgyags pa|Gandharvas who live on the island of Jambudvīpa Garland.
rtag tu rgyan pa|A buddha realm.
rtag tu rgyun mi 'chad par mi 'jigs pa sbyin pa|A bodhisattva.
rtag tu rnam par 'phrul|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amitābha.
rtag tu rnam par lta ba|A monk.
rtag tu rtse ba|A pleasure garden in Pair of Śāla Trees.
rtag tu shin tu smras|A buddha realm.
rtag tu snang bar byas|A world system.
rtag tu snang bar byas|Birthplace of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
rtag tu snang|A buddha realm.
rtag tu snying rje sems|The name of King Mahā karuṇā cintin as given in verse.
rtag tu spro ba|A great bodhisattva.
rtag tu zla ba dang 'dres pa'i chu|A lake on Equal Peaks.
rtags kyi 'od|The name of an eon.
rtags|A physical representation of god Śiva in the form of his penis planted in a circular base representing the vagina.
rtags|The phallus as the symbol of Śiva.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-004.html#UT22084-051-004-590 .
rtan 'gro ma|Mother of the buddha Subāhu.
rtas bsrungs|Name of a sage.
rta|Tenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rten 'brel gyi yan lag bcu gnyis|The principle of dependent origination asserts that nothing exists independently of other factors, the reason for this being that things and events come into existence only by dependence on the aggregation of multiple causes and conditions. In general, the processes of cyclic existence, through which the external world and the sentient beings within it revolve in a continuous cycle of suffering, propelled by the propensities of past actions and their interaction with afflicted mental states, originate dependent on the sequential unfolding of twelve links, commencing from fundamental ignorance and ending with birth, aging, and death (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-155 – https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-156 ). It is only through deliberate reversal of these twelve links that one can succeed in bringing the whole cycle to an end. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2061 .
rten 'brel|The arising of beings explained as a chain of causation involving twelve interdependent links or stages.
rten 'brel|A mode of describing the relative nature of phenomena, in which each phenomenon arises in dependence upon causes and conditions. In many contexts, the term refers specifically to the twelve links of interdependent origination that describe the process of being bound in cyclic existence: ignorance, formation, consciousness, name and form, the six sense bases, contact, feeling, craving, appropriation, becoming, birth, and old age and death.
rten 'brel|The principle of dependent origination asserts that nothing exists independently of other factors, the reason being that things and events come into existence only by dependence on the aggregation of multiple causes and conditions. In general, the processes of cyclic existence, through which the external world and the sentient beings within it revolve in a continuous cycle of suffering, propelled by the propensities of past actions and their interaction with afflicted mental states, originate dependent on the sequential unfolding of twelve links, commencing with fundamental ignorance and ending with birth, aging, and death (see The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-155–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-156). It is only through deliberate reversal of these twelve links that one can succeed in bringing the cycle to an end. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-2061.
rten 'phye|Those who are said to have a particular physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba yan lag bcu gnyis pa|The twelve causal links that perpetuate life in saṃsāra, starting with ignorance and ending with death.
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba yan lag bcu gnyis|The twelve causal links that perpetuate life in cyclic existence; starting with ignorance and ending with death.
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba|The arising of beings explained as a chain of causation involving twelve interdependent links or stages.
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba|The central Buddhist doctrine that teaches how things are empty of self-nature and thus lack independent existence, yet exist provisionally insofar as they are created through the interaction of various causal factors.
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba|The relative nature of phenomena, which arise in dependence on causes and conditions. Together with the four noble truths, this was the first teaching given by the Buddha. When this appears as plural in the translation, it refers to dharmas as dependently originated.
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba|Also called “interdependent origination,” “dependent co-origination,” “interbeing,” the meeting or coincidence of causes and conditions for creating a thing or a situation; in general, the twelve links of dependent origination dealing with the cycle of rebirth, and in its highest sense providing proof of the selflessness of all phenomena (Rigzin 150).
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba|The twelve links of dependent origination describe the process of being bound in cyclic existence, and, when reversed, the process of liberation. The twelve links are ignorance, formation, consciousness, name and form, the six sense bases, contact, feeling, craving, appropriation, becoming, birth, and old age and death. The twelfth is omitted in this text.
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba|In most contexts, this term is properly translated by “dependent origination.” But in the Mādhyamika context, wherein the concept of the ultimate nonorigination of all things is emphasized, “relativity” better serves to convey the message that things exist only in relation to verbal designation and that nothing exists as an independent, self-sufficient entity, even on the superficial level.
rten cing 'brel bar byung ba'i yang lag bcu gnyis|The twelve causal links that perpetuate life in saṃsāra; starting with ignorance and ending with death.
rten cing 'brel par 'byung ba yan lag bcu gnyis pa|The twelve causal links that perpetuate life in saṃsāra, starting with ignorance and ending with death.
rten cing 'brel par 'byung ba|Arising based on the law of causality: whatever has arisen does not have an independent existence.
rten cing 'brel par 'byung ba|The relative nature of phenomena, which arises in dependence on causes and conditions. Together with the four noble truths, this was the first teaching given by the Buddha. See “twelve links of dependent arising.”
rten cing 'brel par 'byung ba|The twelve links of dependent origination describe the process of being bound in cyclic existence, and, when reversed, the process of liberation. The twelve links are ignorance, formation, consciousness, name and form, the six sense bases, contact, feeling, craving, appropriation, becoming, birth, and old age and death.
rten cing 'brel par 'byung ba|The teaching that everything arises in dependence on something else, which is also applied to the entire process of life and death. This became standardized into twelve sequences of dependent origination, beginning with ignorance, followed by formation, and concluding in death. In the Pali suttas, this was more often taught as a greater number of successive sequences, commencing with ignorance and formation being simultaneous and codependent, like two sticks leaning against each other.
rten cing 'brel par 'byung ba|The principle of dependent origination asserts that nothing exists independently of other factors, the reason being that things and events come into existence only by dependence on the aggregation of multiple causes and conditions. In general, the processes of cyclic existence, through which the external world and the sentient beings within it revolve in a continuous cycle of suffering, propelled by the propensities of past actions and their interaction with afflicted mental states, originate dependent on the sequential unfolding of twelve links, commencing with fundamental ignorance and ending with birth, aging, and death (see The Transcendent Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-155–https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-156). It is only through deliberate reversal of these twelve links that one can succeed in bringing the cycle to an end. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-2061.
rten cing 'brel par 'byung ba|A key term for Buddhist philosophy that represents the basic Buddhist understanding of causal processes.\nIn pratītya-samutpāda, a compound of two terms, samutpāda means “arisin” or “coming into existence” and poses little interpretive difficulty. The preverb sam- is sometimes understood as meaning “together” (samavāyena), referring to the doctrine that no entity whatsoever arises on its own—ultimately existent bits of materiality always arise with other bits, and moments of mind are always accompanied by mental states. The sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa commentary on the Mahāvyutpatti, however, clarifies that the Tibetan translation has {'brel par} in the sense of “connection,” a rendering of sambandha resulting from an interpretation of the sam- as indicating connection ({sam ni sambandha stes 'brel pa la bya}).\nThe first part of the compound, pratītya, can be explained in two very different ways, which have occasioned lengthy debates at the crossroads of philosophy and grammar. According to one explanation, it would mean “things that are each bound to go, to vanish,” hence the whole expression would mean something like “the arising of things that are each bound to vanish,” i.e., the arising of impermanent things. This explanation is favored, for example, by Bhāviveka, and Candrakīrti criticizes him for it (see Macdonald 2015, pp. 121–32). It is also the one opted for by Vīryaśrīdatta in the Nibandhana commentary on Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings (see Samtani 1971, p. 98).\nThe other interpretation takes pratītya as meaning “having obtained” or “having depended upon,” more flexibly also “depending,” i.e., without necessarily implying temporal succession of two activities by the same entity, which is problematic, as the entity cannot be easily expected to do something (even “depending”) before it has come into existence (unless one is a Vaibhāṣika who accepts existence of future entities). In this interpretation, the sense of the whole expression is expanded as “arising in dependence upon an assemblage of causes and conditions.” This interpretation seems to be prevalent, and hence it has been followed in the translation (it is also the basis for the Tibetan rendering as {rten cing 'brel par 'byung ba}). It has the distinct advantage of matching the only possible sense of pratītya when it appears outside of a compound in sūtra passages where the dependent arising of, say, eye consciousness is described. A long discussion of the proper sense and the two interpretations of the term pratītya samutpāda can be found in chapter 3 of the Abhidharma kośa bhāṣya https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html (Pradhan 1967, p. 138).\nWe find numerous different explanations of dependent arising in the Buddhist texts, but three of them are most prominent: a short general definition of contingent coming into existence, as “A being there, B exists; from the arising of A, B arises”; the example of the arising of a single momentary entity, as “depending upon visible form and the eye faculty, eye consciousness arises”; and lastly the process of causality known as “dependent arising with twelve parts,” which describes the birth, complete life cycle, death, and rebirth of a sentient being in the desire realm (the part of the universe where we live and where several classes of sentient beings are born from a womb).\nThe twelve parts of dependent arising are often distributed into three lifetimes: ignorance and assembled factors belong to the previous lifetime; consciousness, name-and-form, the six entrances, contact, feeling, craving, clinging, and existence belong to the present lifetime; and birth and decay-and-death belong to the future lifetime (see Abhidharma kośa bhāṣya 3.25https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html, Pradhan 1967, pp. 133–34). This explanation allows one to make good sense of the frequent sequence, found in the sūtras, where first dependent arising is explained, and then it is said to vanquish all views regarding past, present, or future lives (this progression is also found in the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā;https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3824.html see Salvini 2011).
rten cing 'brel te 'byung ba bcu gnyis|The twelve causal links that perpetuate life in cyclic existence; starting with ignorance and ending with death. Through a deliberate reversal of these twelve links that one can succeed in bringing the whole cycle to an end. The twelve links are (1) ignorance, (2) formation, (3) consciousness, (4) name-and-form, (5) six sense sources, (6) contact, (7) feeling, (8) craving, (9) grasping, (10) becoming, (11) birth, (12) aging and death.
rten gyi stobs|Calling upon the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha and vowing not to forsake the mind of awakening as a support in avoiding negative actions.
rten|Here seems to be a synonym for {skye mched} (Skt. āyatana), the bases required for consciousness to arise.
rting pa yangs pa|Sixth of the thirty-two major marks.
rting par ldan|One of the grahas.
rtog ge 'bar ba|The “Blaze of Reason,” an important treatise of Bhāvaviveka’s, in which he critically discusses all the major philosophical views of his day.
rtog mdzad|The 184th buddha in the first list, 183rd in the second list, and 183rd in the third list.
rtog pa can|A skilled dialectician, logician, or philosopher.
rtog pa dang bcas dpyod pa dang bcas pa'i ting nge 'dzin|First of the three meditative stabilities.
rtog pa med la dpyod pa tsam gyi ting nge 'dzin|Second of the three meditative stabilities.
rtog pa nges par dpyod pa|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
rtog pa zhi ba|A minister, former incarnation of the Buddha.
rtog pa|A ritual manual.
rtog pa|One of the grahas.
rtog pa|Same as conceptualizing.
rtog pa|The ordinary activity of the mental consciousness, also translated as conceptual thought.
rtog pa|A mental factor understood either as “the coarseness of the mind” or as the cause for such coarseness. More elaborate definitions explain it as a type of “mental murmur” (manojalpa) that is searching (paryeṣaka) and can be either based on intention (cetanā) or on wisdom (prajñā). See also “analysis” (vicāra).
rtogs byed ma|Mother of the buddha Bodhirāja.
rtogs byed|Son of the buddha Guṇavisṛta.
rtogs byed|Name of a wandering mendicant (parivrājaka).
rtogs chen|Attendant of the buddha Bodhirāja.
rtogs dga'|Father of the buddha Maṇicūḍa.
rtogs dka'|A bodhisattva.
rtogs ldan|Son of the buddha Bodhirāja.
rtogs ldan|Father of the buddha Pratibhānagaṇa.
rtogs mdzad|The 646th buddha in the first list, 645th in the second list, and 637th in the third list.
rtogs pa brjod pa'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
rtogs pa brjod pa'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
rtogs pa brjod pa'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
rtogs pa brjod pa|As one of the twelve aspects of Dharma, it means stories of previous lives of beings.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
rtogs pa brjod pa|One of the twelve types of the Buddha’s teaching (dvādaśāṅga). As such, the Sanskrit word avadāna means “exceptional feat” or “magnificent deed,” but in the context of the twelve types of buddhavacana the term came to refer to the narrative accounts of such deeds, as reflected in the Tibetan rendering {rtogs pa brjod pa}, “realization account.” Hence the English rendering “magnificent account.”
rtogs pa dang blo gros kyis yongs su spangs par sems pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthitagandha.
rtogs pa rnam par lta ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bodhirāja.
rtogs pa spong ba|Birthplace of the buddha Śuddhasāgara.
rtogs pa'i don la gnas pa 'dor ba ldog par byed pa|Mother of the buddha Sthitagandha.
rtogs pa'i mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Oṣadhi (615 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rtogs par brjod pa'i sde|Ninth of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
rtogs pas srid pa'i mun pa thams cad dang bral ba|Lit. “freed by realization from all darkness of the world.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
rtogs sbyin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bodhirāja.
rton pa bzhi|A bodhisattva should (1) rely on the meaning, not the expression; (2) on the teaching, not the person; (3) on wisdom, not on normal consciousness; and (4) on discourses the definitive meaning, not on the interpretable meaning.
rton pa bzhi|The reliance on the meaning but not on the letter, the reliance on wisdom but not on consciousness, the reliance on the sūtras of definitive meaning but not on the sūtras of implicit meaning, and the reliance on the true state of phenomena but not on the person.
rton pa bzhi|To attain higher realizations and final enlightenment, the bodhisattva should rely on the meaning (of the teaching) and not on the expression (artha pratisāraṇena bhavitavyaṃ na vyañjana pratisāraṇena); on the teaching and not on the person (who teaches it) (dharma pratisāraṇena bhavitavyaṃ na pudgala pratisāraṇena); on gnosis and not on normal consciousness (jñāna pratisāraṇena bhavitavyaṃ na vijñāna pratisāraṇena); and on discourses of definitive meaning and not on discourses of interpretable meaning (nītārtha sūtra pratisāraṇena bhavitavyaṃ na neyārtha sūtra pratisāraṇena) according to the order in this sūtra. The usual order, “teaching-reliance,” “meaning-reliance,” definitive-meaning-discourse-reliance,” and “gnosis-reliance,” seems to conform better to stages of practice.
rtsa ba brgya pa|Asparagus racemosus, a common medicinal plant recognized as early as the Suśrutasaṃhitā.
rtsa ba bzhi|The four root downfalls ({rtsa ba'i ltung ba bzhi}, here shortened to {rtsa ba bzhi}) are killing, taking what is not given, sexual activity, and lying about one’s spiritual attainments.
rtsa ba gsum|Ginger, black pepper, and long pepper.
rtsa ba'i sman|An acceptable form of medicine for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
rtsa ba|The root (literally and figuratively); also the seventeenth (sometimes the nineteenth) lunar asterism.
rtsa rgyun|A unit of time consiting of half a muhūrta.
rtsa rnams mi mngon pa|Twelfth of the eighty minor marks.
rtsal bdag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Subuddhi.
rtsal brtan don grub dgongs pa|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Free from Sorrow.
rtsal brtan por sems pa|The name of a bodhisattva. “Capable Steadfast Intention.”
rtsal chen dpa' ba|A bodhisattva.
rtsal chen|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rtsal gyis dpa' ba|A bodhisatva great being.
rtsal gyis sprin ltar dpa' bo|A tathāgata.
rtsal po che|Son of the buddha Vimoharāja.
rtsal rab|The Licchavi youth who requests this discourse from the Buddha. His name is translated into Chinese as “Skilled in Action” (善作).
rtsal sbyin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sumanas (78 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rtsa|A prāṇa channel in the subtle body.
rtsa|A channel in the subtle body conducting prāṇa.
rtsa|These are the veins of the subtle body, through which vital winds flow. While they can be divided into up to seventy-two thousand, the most important are the central, left, and right.
rtse ba la gnas pa|A class of asuras ruled by Puṣpamāla.
rtse ba ma|“Divine”; one of the subtle channels in the body.
rtse ba'i ri|(1) A mountain in the forest of Joyous Women. (2) A mountain in High Conduct.
rtse dga'|A lake near Sudharma.
rtse dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Nala.
rtse gcig 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśāntagāmin (483 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
rtse med|One of the grahas.
rtse mo can|(1) A river on Saṅkāśa ({rtse mo}). (2) One of four parks that surround the city of Radiant ({rtse mo can}).
rtse mo dga' byed|A mountain near the asura city Double Pleasure.
rtse mo la 'jug par dga' ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rtse mo la 'khor ba|A river on Forest Garlands.
rtse mo lhang tsher|A mountain near the asura city Double Pleasure.
rtse mo mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
rtse mo nag mo|One of the yoginīs invited to partake in the oblation offering.
rtse mo rgya chen po|A mountain in Moving in Vast Environments.
rtse mo yid 'ong gser|A mountain near the asura city Double Pleasure.
rtse mor gnas ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rtse mor phyin pa'i mngon rtogs|Fifth of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
rtse mo|A buddha.
rtse mo|The second of the four stages of penetrative insight.
rtse mo|Second of the four aspects of the path of preparation.
rtse mo|An ancient city corresponding to the modern Śṛṅgeri in Karnataka, in southwestern India.
rtse mo|(1) A river on Saṅkāśa ({rtse mo}). (2) One of four parks that surround the city of Radiant ({rtse mo can}).
rtse mo|The highest possible state in saṃsāra, it refers to the highest sphere of the formless realm, the Sphere of neither Perception nor Nonperception.
rtse rtse mi snang|A mountain near the asura city Double Pleasure.
rtsed mo dga' ba|A forest on Heap in the Stream.
rtsed mo sbyin ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
rtsed mo'i nags|(1) A forest in Continuous Movement. (2) A forest in Moving in the Stream.
rtsed mo'i phreng ba|A mountain between Kuru and Godānīya.
rtsed mo'i ri bo|A mountain in Endowed with Increasing Bliss.
rtseg ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
rtsi lta bu|A buddha realm.
rtsi sman|A yakṣa general.
rtsi sman|Mother of the buddha Mahendra.
rtsi sman|Son of the buddha Bodhidhvaja.
rtsi sman|Attendant of the buddha Lokasundara.
rtsi sman|The 623rd buddha in the first list, 622nd in the second list, and 615th in the third list.
rtsi sngon po|A nāga.
rtsi'i rgyal po|A buddha.
rtsi'i rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
rtsib logs skyes|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
rtsib logs tsha ba|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
rtsib ma sreg|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
rtsibs kyi mu khyud|A non-Buddhist teacher.
rtsibs kyi mu khyud|A teacher who was the Buddha in a former life.
rtsibs kyis 'phur tshangs byin|King of Śrāvastī and father of Prasenajit.
rtsod ldan gyi dus|The last of the four ages of human life in Jambudvīpa. In this age humans are endowed with only one remaining quarter of the good qualities that they had during the age of perfection.
rtsod pa can|Someone who has put himself up as surety or sold himself as a slave.
rtsod pa dang bag tsha ba mi mnga' ba|A buddha.
rtsod pa la dga' ba mdog ngan brtsegs pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of Invincibility.
rtsod pa'i dus|The last and worst of the four ages (yuga), the present age of degeneration.
rtsod pa'i dus|The fourth and most debased in the cycle of four eons. The term is written elsewhere in the translation as “kaliyuga.”
rtsom chen|One of the four winds.
rtsom ma ma|An asparas; one of the eight goddesses of offerings in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala.
rtsub 'gyur gyi tshal|“Rough Grove.” One of the four heavenly groves outside the city of Sudarśana on Mount Meru. It owes its name to the fact that anyone who enters it becomes rough and violent and when the gods go there before battle they become donned with armor and weapons according to their needs.
rtsub 'gyur|A forest on the western face of Sumeru.
rtsub par byed nyid|An island, possibly in the Indian Ocean.
rtsub pa|A mountain in Godānīya.
rtsub po|A king of the Trigarta Jālandhara region.
rtswa can|A city.
rtswa dur ba|Cynodon dactylon (syn. Panicum dactylon), a kind of grass that is used in a variety of Buddhist ceremonies. It is also one of the eight auspicious substances ({bkra shis rdzas brgyad}). Here it is sixty-sixth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rtswa mi|A female mendicant who falsely accuses the Buddha.
rtswa sngon po|A nāga king.
rtswa u shi ra|Andropogon muricatus (a species of grass).
rtswa'i spyil bu|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
rtul ba mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
rtul bas byin|A buddha.
ru dra|The god of tempests, related to Śiva.
ru rings|The 119th buddha in the first list, 119th in the second list, and 120th in the third list.
ru rta|Saussurea costus.
ru rta|Negi identifies the Tibetan ru rta as a translation of the Sanskrit kuṣṭhaṃ, Saussurea costus (McHugh, 2008, p 233).
ru ru'i bu|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ru sbal|One of the avatars of Viṣṇu.
ru sbal|Fourteenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
ru tra|The god of tempests, related to Śiva.
rung ba byed pa|A layperson who makes things legally permissible in the context of Buddhist monastic law, doing tasks that are not allowed for monks.
rung ba'i gnas|For an explanation of this term, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-6856 – https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-6894 . See also Yamagiwa 2001.
rus gong gi 'du shes|Eighth of the nine contemplations of impurity.
rus pa 'bigs pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
rus pa can|The name, mentioned in the Questions of Pūrṇa sūtra, that Devadatta will receive upon reaching the fruition of a solitary buddha.
rus pa la zug pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
rus pa rdo rje lta bu 'byung|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
rus pa'i gdong|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
rus pa'i mtshan nyid|A name for the frame of a sculpture before clay or plaster is applied
rus pa'i ri|This is a reference to saṃsāra, which is called a “mountain of bones” since the skeletons of the beings born therein would, if accumulated over countless rebirths, be enough to form a mountain.
rus sbal gyis gang ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
rus sbal skyes ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
rus sbal|Fourteenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
rwa gcig pa|A ṛṣi who appears in the Nalinikā Jātaka.
rwa gcig|One of the ancient sages.
rwa gsum pa|A mountain in Godānīya.
rwa gsum pa|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
rwa gsum pa|(1) A mountain in the sea south of Jambudvīpa. (2) A river on Upward Ocean.
rwa mnyam pa|A mountain in Kuru.
s'a la'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
sA la bdag|Mother of the buddha Ugra.
sA la can|Mother of the buddha Yaśaketu.
sA la can|Birthplace of the buddha Oṣadhi.
sA la pho nya mo|One of the vidyā goddesses, possibly the same as Vajraśālavatī.
sA la sna tshogs kyi rgyal mtshan gyi rgyan|A forest to the east of Dhanyākara. The Sanskrit vicitrasāra means “various essences.” The Tibetan appears to preserve a version that read vicitrasāla, which means “various sal trees.” See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-665 .
sA la zung gi nags|Another name of the Sāla Grove.
sA la'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Harṣadatta.
sA la'i bdag|Mother of the buddha Hutārci.
sA la'i bdag|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa.
sA la'i dbang po'i lhun|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sA la'i dbang po'i rgyal po 'byung ba|A buddha from the north.
sA la'i dbang po'i rgyal po|Name of a tathāgata.
sA la'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A buddha in the future.
sA la'i dbang po'i rgyal po|Another name of Śālendra rāja.
sA la'i dbang po'i rgyal po|The buddha from whom Śakyamuni received the Samādhirāja in a previous life.
sA la'i dbang po'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas.
sA la'i dbang po'i tog|A great bodhisattva.
sA la'i dbang po|A buddha.
sA la'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Candra.
sA la'i dbang po|Birthplace of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
sA la'i dri ldan|Son of the buddha Dharmākara.
sA la'i mig|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyaketu.
sA la'i nags|The place where the Buddha passed into final nirvāṇa.
sA la'i rgyal po dpal gyi mchog|The fifty-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Sālendra rāja śiri garbha.
sA la'i rgyal po|A buddha.
sA la'i rgyal po|Father of the buddha Samṛddha.
sA la'i rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with the King of Stars.
sA la'i rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa (160 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sA la'i rin po che|A buddha.
sA la'i rin po che|A great bodhisattva.
sA la'i sgra rgyal|Mother of the buddha Ratnadhara.
sA la|A buddha realm.
sA la|Usually identified as Shorea robusta, known as the kind of tree under which the Buddha was born and passed away.
sA la|Shorea robusta. This is the dominant tree in the forests where it occurs. Also known as the sakhua or shala tree. It is the tree under which the Buddha was born.
sA lu nag po'i lo ma|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
sA mre DA|A river on Great Slope.
sA nu|A lake on Equal Peaks.
sA ra|A mountain in the sea west of Jambudvīpa.
sI tA|A river to the north of Jambudvīpa.
sI ta|The river Ganges in India.
sa 'dzin chen po|“Great Earth Bearer.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
sa 'dzin lha|“The Sustainer of the Earth,” a name of Viṣṇu.
sa 'dzin pa|“Earth Bearer.” One of the bodhisattvas in the entourage of the Buddha Śākyamuni when he taught the girl Vimalaśraddhā.
sa 'dzin rab gnas|A great bodhisattva.
sa 'dzin rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sugandha.
sa 'dzin|One of “the sixteen excellent men,” present at the teaching of the sūtra.
sa 'dzin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Tīrthakara.
sa 'dzin|Literally “Holder of the Earth.” A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
sa 'dzin|The 388th buddha in the first list, 387th in the second list, and 381st in the third list.
sa 'dzin|The seventh of the golden mountain ranges encircling Mount Sumeru in the center of the world.
sa 'dzin|An ancient kingdom once located in northwestern India in what is now Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. It lasted from around the sixth century bce to the eleventh century ce and attained its height in the first to fifth centuries under the Buddhist Kushan kings.
sa 'gul|God of earthquakes.
sa 'od bzang|One of the kings of Nepal.
sa 'og spyod ma|The ḍākinī associated with the drops of the subtle body.
sa 'tsho ma|The maiden whom the Buddha married while he was still a bodhisattva.
sa 'tsho ma|The name of a Śākya girl who in certain sources becomes Prince Siddhārtha’s wife.
sa 'tsho ma|One of the wives of Prince Siddhārtha, prior to his leaving his kingdom and attaining awakening as the Buddha.
sa 'tsho ma|Along with Yaśodharā, a spouse of Gautama who, in this text, spurned the advances of Devadatta and subjected him to brutal humiliation.
sa 'tsho|A yakṣa. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2557 .
sa bcu gsum|Thirteen bodhisattva levels.
sa bcu rim|The ten stages of a bodhisattva’s progress to buddhahood: (1) Joyous (Pramuditā), (2) Stainless (Vimalā), (3) Luminous (Prabhākarī), (4) Radiant (Arciṣmatī), (5) Hard to Overcome (Sudurjayā), (6) Manifest (Abhimukhī), (7) Far-Reaching (Dūraṅgamā), (8) Immovable (Acalā), (9) Good Intellect (Sādhumatī), and 10) Dharma Cloud (Dharmameghā).
sa bcu|The ten levels of a bodhisattva’s development into a fully enlightened buddha.
sa bcu|According to the general Mahāyāna, the bodhisattva’s development into a fully enlightened buddha is divided into ten stages.
sa bcu|The tenfold division of the progressive levels of realization attained and obscurations removed as a bodhisattva travels the path toward buddhahood. Also called the ten grounds or levels.
sa bcu|The ten levels, as found in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1281 , comprise (1) the level of bright insight, (2) the level of buddha nature, (3) the level of eighth-lowest stage, (4) the level of insight, (5) the level of attenuated refinement, (6) the level of dispassion, (7) the level of [an arhat’s] spiritual achievement, (8) the level of the pratyekabuddhas, (9) the level of the bodhisattvas, and (10) the actual level of the genuinely perfect buddhas.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1282 ).
sa bcu|In this text, two sets of ten levels are mentioned. One set refers to the standard list of ten levels most commonly found in the general Mahāyāna literature; for a detailed explanation of this set, see ten bodhisattva levels. The other set, common to Prajñāpāramitā literature, charts the progress of an individual practitioner who, starting from the level of an ordinary person, sequentially follows the path of a śrāvaka, pratyekabuddha, and then a bodhisattva on their way to complete buddhahood.\nThe first three levels pertain to an ordinary person preparing themselves for the path; the next four (4-7) chart the path of a śrāvaka; level eight aligns with the practices of a pratyekabuddha; level nine refers to the path of bodhisattvas; and finally, level ten is the attainment of buddhahood. These ten levels comprise (1) the level of Śuklavipaśyanā, (2) the level of Gotra, (3) the level of Aṣṭamaka, (4) the level of Darśana, (5) the level of Tanū, (6) the level of Vītarāga, (7) the level of Kṛtāvin, (8) the Pratyekabuddha level, (9) the Bodhisattva level, and (10) the Buddha level of perfect awakening.
sa bcu|Different versions of these exist in the Buddhist doctrines of different periods. In the context of the bodhisattva path, a standard list is (1) Joyful (pramuditā), in which one rejoices at realizing a partial aspect of the truth; (2) Stainless (vimalā), in which one is free from all defilement; (3) Illuminator (prabhākarī), in which one radiates the light of wisdom; (4) Radiant Intellect (arciṣmatī), in which the radiant flame of wisdom burns away earthly desires; (5) Difficult to Master (sudurjayā), in which one surmounts the illusions of darkness, or ignorance, as the Middle Way; (6) Manifest (abhimukhī) in which supreme wisdom begins to manifest; (7) Far-Reaching (dūraṅgamā), in which one rises above the states of the lower vehicles of hearers and solitary buddhas; (8) Immovable (acalā), in which one dwells firmly in the truth of the Middle Way and cannot be perturbed by anything; (9) Good Intelligence (sādhumatī), in which one preaches the Dharma unimpededly; and (10) Cloud of Dharma (dharmameghā), in which one benefits all sentient beings with Dharma, just as a cloud releases rain impartially on all things.
sa bdag gi rgyal po|An epithet of kings.
sa bdag ma|Mother of the buddha Anihatavrata.
sa bdag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharaṇīdhara.
sa bdag|The 607th buddha in the first list, 606th in the second list, and 600th in the third list.
sa bla'i lha|God who moves above the earth.
sa bon 'chang|A great bodhisattva.
sa bon thams cad pa'i sems|Schmithausen translates this term with “all-seed mind,” which can mean both “mind containing all the seeds” or “mind consisting of all the seeds.” See Schmithausen 2014, p. 65, n. 221.
sa bon|Seed of a plant; the syllable from which a deity manifests.
sa brtol|Bauhinia variegata, Phaneria variegata.
sa bzang ma ti paN chen blo gros rgyal mtshan|A great fourteenth century (1294–1376) Jonangpa scholar and translator, student of Dolpopa, who had earlier studied at Nyetang, Ralung, Sakya, and Zhalu. He is best known for his revised translations, made with Jonang Lotsāwa Lodrö Pal, of the Kālacakra tantra and Vimala prabhā.
sa bzang po|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
sa can|A village. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2041 .
sa chen 'dzin pa|A king of the nāgas.
sa chen po thams cad du mdzes pa'i rin po che 'od zer gyi dra ba rab tu 'gyed pa|A buddha realm in the northeastern direction.
sa chen po|A reference to the last three of the ten bhūmis, (Tib. {sa bcu}); the bhūmis, often called the “grounds” or “levels,” are the successive stages through which a bodhisattva’s realization evolves.
sa chu|One of the māras.
sa dang mnyam pa|A buddha.
sa dbang phyug|The 911th buddha in the first list, 910th in the second list, and 901st in the third list.
sa dbyangs nga ro|A bodhisattva.
sa ga bzang po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sa ga bzang po|An astrologer in King Prasenajit’s court.
sa ga gzhon nu dpal|A member of King Prasenajit’s court.
sa ga ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sa ga'i bshes gnyen|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
sa ga'i lha|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sa ga'i sems|Father of the buddha Samantadarśin.
sa gas byin|A female lay practitioner.
sa gas byin|A member of King Prasenajit’s court.
sa ga|Father of the buddha Jayanandin.
sa ga|The chief consort of King Śaṅkha.
sa ga|The name of the twenty thousand channels on the front of the body.
sa ga|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Alpha Librae in the occidental tradition.
sa ga|During the Buddha’s time, a certain lay vow holder in Śrāvastī. Elsewhere there is also the Viśākha who was the son of King Prasenajit’s minister.
sa ga|Son of King Prasenajit’s minister Mṛgāra, betrothed to the non-returner Dharmadinnā. His fiancée fled their imminent marriage by a display of miracles at what was to be their wedding, receiving his assent for her to go forth instead. The text also tells of a certain female lay vow holder with a similar name Vaiśākhā on https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-073-001.html#UT22084-073-001-213 .
sa gsal|Attendant of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
sa gsum|That is to say, the animal realm, the realm of anguished spirits and the denizens of the hells.
sa gtso|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śrīprabha (375 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sa gzhi blta bar dga' ba|A city in Godānīya.
sa gzhi la rgyu ba|A class of vidyādharas.
sa ha|A mountain range in the Deccan.
sa hya|A country in the Deccan.
sa kun gyi 'og|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
sa la 'gro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amṛtaprasanna.
sa la 'joms ma|A term used for a courtesan. In the Bhūta ḍāmara Tantra this term refers to a class of nonhuman female beings.
sa la ki|A species of tree.
sa la stobs|A village. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-3131 .
sa la yi ni bzhon pa|A dynasty in south India whose rule ended in the third century ce.
sa la'i me tog kun tu rgyas pa'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A buddha.
sa la'i rgyal po|Father of the buddha Dṛḍha.
sa la'i stobs|A village.
sa las nu ma nu'i yul|The name given to Khotan by prince Suckler of the Earth Breast.
sa las nu ma nu|Another name for the prince Kunāla, Kustana, or Gostana, biological son of Aśoka and adopted prince of China.
sa las rnam brgyan sprin|A royal capital in another world realm in the distant past. In prose, its long form is Ratna sāla vyūha megha pradīpā.
sa la|A village.
sa la|Vatica robusta.
sa ldan|Son of the buddha Ananta rati kīrti.
sa le sbram|Alluvial gold; gold dust. Pali suvannacunna.
sa ma ri|This could be the name or an epithet of one of the goddesses; its meaning is unclear.
sa ma ya|Literally “coming together,” samaya refers to precepts given by the teacher, the corresponding commitment by the pupil, and the bond that results, which can also be the bond between the practitioner and the deity or a spirit. It can also mean a special juncture or circumstance, or an ordinary time or season.
sa mchog|Father of the buddha Siṃhasvara.
sa mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśāntadoṣa (144) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sa na ta ku mA ra|The son of the god Brahmā.
sa nag po|A type of soil (?)
sa na|Crotalaria juncea.
sa phug|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
sa ra Na|Son of King Udayana of Vatsa, he went forth by Venerable Kātyāyanaputra.
sa ra swad|Another name of the Indus River.
sa ri las|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnagarbha (440 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sa ri|The name of a nakṣatra.
sa ri|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimala.
sa ri|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Arcturus in the occidental tradition.
sa sbyin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śrīdeva.
sa sgra'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
sa sgul|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sa skyong|A merchant in Maitreya’s birthplace.
sa skyong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sa skyur mo|The solidified resin of Garcinia morella.
sa spyod ma|The ḍākinī associated with the channels of the subtle body.
sa spyod|A type of ḍākinī (literally, “earth traveller”).
sa srung bu'i dbyibs|A mountain.
sa srung bu|Indra’s elephant.
sa srung bu|The name of Indra’s elephant.
sa srung gi bu|Śakra’s elephant.
sa srung gi bu|The name of Indra’s elephant.
sa srung gi bu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sa srung|The elephant of Indra.
sa srung|One of the kings of Nepal.
sa srung|Another name of the Pāla dynasty.
sa srung|More often called Gopāla, the ruler of Bengal around the middle of the eighth century.
sa steng phreng ba can|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sa steng sgra dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
sa steng zhi byed|An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sa ste|A river. Possibly a phonetic approximation of Saritā, as in the river Saritā.
sa thob par 'gro ba|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
sa yi 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Udāragarbha.
sa yi bdag mo|Mother of the buddha Gandhahastin.
sa yi dbang phyug|A nāga.
sa yi dbang phyug|The 196th buddha in the first list, 195th in the second list, and 195th in the third list.
sa yi dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ghoṣadatta.
sa yi gzi brjid dpal|The fifty-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Dharaṇi teja śirī.
sa yi lha|The name of the earth deity.
sa yi mchod rten|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānaśūra.
sa zhag|An enigmatic term that refers to a crust or deposit left on the earth after it is saturated by a fluid. When used together with a term for cremation ash, it seems to refer to the earth beneath the fire that has been saturated by the ghee used in the fire as well as by the melted bodily constituents.
sa'i 'og gnas pa|One of the seven subterranean semiparadises, the abode of nāgas and asuras.
sa'i 'og|One of the seven subterranean semiparadises, the abode of dānavas.
sa'i 'og|The underworlds, of which there are said to be seven, include the realms of the daityas and yakṣas. The lowest is the realm of the nāgas. They are said to be pleasant and free from distress and even more beautiful than the higher realms.
sa'i bdag po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-4920 .
sa'i bum pa|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sa'i dbang phyug gi rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
sa'i dbang phyug ma|Mother of the buddha Padmapārśva.
sa'i dbang phyug|Father of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
sa'i dbang phyug|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sa'i dbyangs kyi sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
sa'i dbyangs|The buddha realm of Earth Deity.
sa'i dpal ri bo'i gzi brjid|A buddha in the distant past.
sa'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva.
sa'i khams mu med pa|Lit. “limitless earth element.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sa'i lha mo|The goddess of the earth.
sa'i lha mo|The goddess of wealth; a goddess in one of the paintings of Śākyamuni.
sa'i lha|The goddess of the earth.
sa'i lha|A buddha who lives in the direction below in a buddha realm called Earth Melody.
sa'i nga ro rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
sa'i nu ma|A location in Khaṣa.
sa'i phyag|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sa'i sgra dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
sa'i sgra dbyangs|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
sa'i snying po 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
sa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
sa'i snying po|One of the celestial bodhisattvas.
sa'i snying po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
sa'i snying po|An important bodhisattva disciple of the Buddha.
sa'i snying po|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
sa'i snying po|“Essence of Earth,” one of the “eight close sons of the Buddha,” and one of the most popular bodhisattvas in East Asia. In China he has been venerated in particular for his ability to rescue beings reborn in the hells, and in Japan as a protector of children and travelers.
saM kA sha|A mountain in Kuru.
sab kang ri|A mountain that is home to The Terrifying Forest ({'jigs byed ma'i tshal}) and a deer park where Devadatta’s disciple Kokālika is said to have lived.
sab mos bskor ba|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
sad mdzad|A buddha in the past.
sad na legs|Also commonly known by the names Senalek Jingyön ({sad na legs mjing yon}) and Mutik Tenpo ({mu tig bstan po}), he was a Tibetan king who reigned ca 800/804–15. He was the youngest son of King Trisong Detsen ({khri srong lde btsan}, r. 742–98).
sad pa|Refers to the throbbing sensation in the vagina before and during orgasm; also to the throbbing of an erect penis.
sang ghila|Attendant of the buddha Merudhvaja.
sang kA sha kA|A mountain in Kuru.
sang sang po'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva in a distant realm.
sang sang|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sangs rgya kyi spobs pa|A buddhafield in the southern direction of the Tathāgata Countless Qualities Precious Courage.
sangs rgyas 'bangs|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sangs rgyas 'phrul pa thams cad snang ba'i gtsug pud|A bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas 'tsho|A wealthy householder from Śrāvastī who fathered Saṅgharakṣita.
sangs rgyas bcom ldan 'das|An epithet of the buddhas.
sangs rgyas bcom ldan 'das|Epithet of Buddha Śākyamuni and general way of addressing the enlightened ones. See “Lord” or “Blessed One.” (See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-121 ).
sangs rgyas blo gros|A bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas blo gros|Mother of the buddha Siṃhacandra.
sangs rgyas bskyang|(c. fourth century). A great Mādhyamika master, who was later regarded as the founder of the Prāsaṅgika sub-school.
sangs rgyas bzang po|A great bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas can|Birthplace of the buddha Subuddhi.
sangs rgyas chos 'byung|A great bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas chos|The term can mean “teachings of the Buddha” or “buddha qualities.” In the latter sense, it is sometimes used as a general term, and sometimes it refers to sets such as the ten strengths, the four fearlessnesses, the four discernments, the eighteen distinct qualities of a buddha, and so forth; or, more specifically, to another set of eighteen: the ten strengths; the four fearlessnesses; mindfulness of body, speech, and mind; and great compassion.
sangs rgyas dbyangs|Mother of the buddha Mokṣadhvaja.
sangs rgyas dgyes pa|A world system.
sangs rgyas dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Janendrakalpa (524 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sangs rgyas dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
sangs rgyas dpal|A bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas dpal|Name of a bodhisattva, “Intellect-Splendor.” However, the Tibetan suggests “Buddha-” rather than “Buddhi-,” which would then mean “Buddha-Splendor.”
sangs rgyas dpe med me tog 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
sangs rgyas gsang ba|An Indian master from the ninth century who was a prolific commentator, especially on works of the Kriyā-, Caryā-, and Yogatantra classes.
sangs rgyas khyu mchog|A buddha.
sangs rgyas kyi 'od kyi dkyil 'khor dpal gyi sgron ma|A world realm in the eastern direction.
sangs rgyas kyi bka'|A term used to denote the teachings of the Buddha, which in the case of this sūtra can be anything that the Buddha taught or any statement that precisely accords with what the Buddha taught.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad|Eighteen special features of a buddha’s physical state, realization, activity, and insight that are not shared by ordinary beings.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad|This refers to eighteen properties/qualities that are unique to buddhas, “property” being one of the possible meanings of the term dharma.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad|The eighteen characteristics of a fully realized being not shared by ordinary beings, namely that he never stumbles, never raises his voice, never loses mindfulness, and so forth.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad|Eighteen distinctive features unique to buddhas. These are grouped as follows: the ten powers of the tathāgatas, the four states of fearlessness, the three states of mindfulness, and great compassion. See also the ten powers of the tathāgatas and the four states of fearlessness.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad|They are as follows: (1) he never makes a mistake; (2) he is never boisterous; (3) he never forgets; (4) his concentration never falters; (5) he has no notion of distinctness; (6) his equanimity is not due to lack of consideration; (7) his motivation never falters; (8) his endeavor never fails; (9) his mindfulness never falters; (10) he never abandons his concentration; (11) his wisdom (prajñā) never decreases; (12) his liberation never fails; (13) all his physical actions are preceded and followed by wisdom (jñāna); (14) all his verbal actions are preceded and followed by wisdom ({jñAna}); (15) all his mental actions are preceded and followed by wisdom (jñāna); (16) his wisdom (jñāna) and vision perceive the past without any attachment or hindrance; (17) his wisdom (jñāna) and vision perceive the future without any attachment or hindrance; and (18) his wisdom (jñāna) and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bcwa brgyad|Eighteen special features of a buddha’s behavior, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by other beings.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bcwa brgyad|This refers to eighteen properties/qualities that are unique to buddhas, “property” being one of the possible meanings of the term dharma.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa bcwa brgyad|They are as follows: (1) he never makes a mistake; (2) he is never boisterous; (3) he never forgets; (4) his concentration never falters; (5) he has no notion of distinctness; (6) his equanimity is not due to lack of consideration; (7) his motivation never falters; (8) his endeavor never fails; (9) his mindfulness never falters; (10) he never abandons his concentration; (11) his insight (prajñā) never decreases; (12) his liberation never fails; (13) all his physical actions are preceded and followed by wisdom (jñāna); (14) all his verbal actions are preceded and followed by wisdom; (15) all his mental actions are preceded and followed by wisdom; (16) his wisdom (jñāna) and vision perceive the past without any attachment or hindrance; (17) his wisdom and vision perceive the future without any attachment or hindrance; and (18) his wisdom and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa|Eighteen qualities that are exclusively possessed by a buddha. These are listed in the as follows: The tathāgata does not possess (1) confusion, (2) noisiness, (3) forgetfulness, (4) loss of meditative equipoise, (5) cognition of distinctness, or (6) nonanalytical equanimity. A buddha totally lacks (7) degeneration of zeal, (8) degeneration of vigor, (9) degeneration of mindfulness, (10) degeneration of absorption, (11) degeneration of insight, (12) degeneration of complete liberation, and (13) degeneration of seeing the wisdom of complete liberation. (14) A tathāgata’s every action of body is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; (15) every action of speech is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; (16) a buddha’s every action of mind is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; and (17) a tathāgata engages in seeing the past through wisdom that is unattached and unobstructed and (18) engages in seeing the present through wisdom that is unattached and unobstructed.
sangs rgyas kyi chos ma 'dres pa|Eighteen special features of a buddha’s behavior, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by other beings. They are as follows: (1) he never makes a mistake, (2) he is never boisterous, (3) he never forgets, (4) his concentration never falters, (5) he has no notion of distinctness, (6) his equanimity is not due to lack of consideration, (7) his motivation never falters, (8) his endeavor never fails, (9) his mindfulness never falters, (10) he never abandons his concentration, (11) his insight never decreases, (12) his liberation never fails, (13) all his physical actions are preceded and followed by wisdom (jñāna), (14) all his verbal actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, (15) all his mental actions are preceded and followed by wisdom, (16) his wisdom and vision perceive the past without any attachment or hindrance, (17) his wisdom and vision perceive the future without any attachment or hindrance, and (18) his wisdom and vision perceive the present without any attachment or hindrance.
sangs rgyas kyi chos|Can refer to the teaching of the Buddha as well as the dharmas that constitute an awakened being.
sangs rgyas kyi chos|This term can refer to the general qualities of a buddha or to specific sets such as the ten strengths, the four fearlessnesses, the four discernments, and the eighteen unique buddha qualities; or even more specifically to another set of eighteen: the ten strengths; the four fearlessnesses; mindfulness of body, speech, and mind; and great compassion.
sangs rgyas kyi chos|The specific qualities of a buddha; may sometimes be used as a general term, and sometimes referring to sets such as the ten strengths, the four fearlessnesses, the four discernments, the eighteen distinct qualities of a buddha, and so forth; or, more specifically, to another set of eighteen: the ten strengths; the four fearlessnesses; mindfulness of body, speech, and mind; and great compassion.\nAlternatively, in the context of this sūtra, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-001.html#UT22084-055-001-425 - https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-055-001.html#UT22084-055-001-429 .
sangs rgyas kyi gdung rgyun mi gcod pa'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas kyi gdung|The innate potential for realizing Buddhahood. Sometimes rendered as “buddha nature,” it is similar to the essence of the Tathāgata.
sangs rgyas kyi mig|Fifth of the five eyes. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1129 .
sangs rgyas kyi mtshan med pa|A buddha who does not possess the thirty-two marks and eighty minor marks.
sangs rgyas kyi rgyan bkod pa|The name of an absorption.
sangs rgyas kyi rgyan byin gyis brlabs pa|The name of a dhāraṇī.
sangs rgyas kyi rgyan byin gyis rlabs pa|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
sangs rgyas kyi rigs mi zad pa shin tu ston pa|A buddha realm in the upward direction.
sangs rgyas kyi rigs|Lit. “family” or “lineage of the Buddha.” One becomes a member on the first bodhisattva stage. In another sense, all living beings belong to this exalted family because all have the capacity to wake up to enlightenment, conceiving its spirit within themselves and thenceforward seeking its realization (see ).
sangs rgyas kyi sa|The name of a bodhisattva stage.
sangs rgyas kyi sa|The tenth and last of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
sangs rgyas kyi sku'i kha dog yongs su rdzogs pa mngon par sgrub pa|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
sangs rgyas kyi spyan|One of the five “eyes,” or qualities of vision, possessed by a buddha, viz., the eye made of flesh (māṃsacakṣus), the divine eye (divyacakṣus), the eye of insight (prajñācakṣus), the eye of Dharma (dharmacakṣus), and the buddha-eye. The buddha-eye is the omniscience seeing both how things are ultimately and how they manifest in their variety.
sangs rgyas kyi theg pa|According to the Lotus Sūtra the one true way to buddhahood, equivalent to the Mahāyāna, which is the only teaching given by buddhas who do not live in a degenerate eon.
sangs rgyas kyi tog|A bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas kyi yon tan gyis rnam par rtse ba'i nga ro|Attendant of the buddha Smṛtiprabha.
sangs rgyas kyi yul bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i dbyangs|“The Voice That Reveals the Range of Countless Buddhas.” The name of a ray of light.
sangs rgyas kyi yul rnam par sprul pa ji lta ba bzhin du yang dag par ston pa|The name of a tathāgata absorption.
sangs rgyas kyi yul|A world that has been transformed and blessed by a buddha. Similar to a “buddhafield.”
sangs rgyas kyi zhing stong gi rjes su 'thun pa|A buddha realm.
sangs rgyas kyi zhing thams cad du sems can thams cad gcad du med pa'i spobs pa|A buddha.
sangs rgyas kyi zhing|The realm permeated by a buddha’s teaching and blessing.
sangs rgyas kyi zhing|The realm influenced by the activity of a specific buddha.
sangs rgyas kyi zhing|A world that has been transformed and blessed by a buddha. Similar to a “buddha realm.”
sangs rgyas kyi zhing|A buddhafield is the particular world system over which a specific buddha presides. There are innumerable such fields in Mahāyāna Buddhist cosmology.
sangs rgyas kyi zhing|A pure realm manifested by a buddha or advanced bodhisattva through the power of their great merit and aspirations. Examples include Sukhāvatī (the domain of the Buddha Amitābha) and Abhirati (the domain of the Buddha Akṣobhya).
sangs rgyas kyi zhing|Roughly, a synonym for “universe,” although Buddhist cosmology contains many universes of different types and dimensions. “Buddhafield” indicates, in regard to whatever type of world-sphere, that it is the field of influence of a particular Buddha. For a detailed discussion of these concepts, see Lamotte, Appendice, Note I.
sangs rgyas kyo chos ma 'dres pa bco brgyad|The list of eighteen unshared qualities in the Ananta mukhapariśo dhana nirdeśa varies slightly from other canonical lists. Elsewhere, the first quality is that the buddhas are “consistent in their actions.” The list in the Ananta mukhapariśo dhana nirdeśa also includes an additional member at position thirteen: “their liberated wisdom vision never wanes.” The eighteen are generally given as: (1) their actions are consistent; (2) their speech is not jarring; (3) they are not forgetful; (4) their state of cessation is not a state of indifference; (5) their perception is not discursive; (6) their minds are always composed; (7) their diligence never wanes; (8) their recollection never wanes; (9) their effort never wanes; (10) their meditative absorption never wanes; (11) their insight never wanes; (12) their liberation never wanes; (13) their physical actions are guided by wisdom and are in alignment with wisdom; (14) their verbal actions are guided by wisdom and are in alignment with wisdom; (15) their mental actions are guided by wisdom and are in alignment with wisdom; (16) their wisdom vision is unobstructed and unaffected by the past; (17) their wisdom vision is unobstructed and unaffected by the future; and (18) their wisdom vision is unobstructed and unaffected by the present.
sangs rgyas lnga|The five, in the CMT system, are Akṣobhya (in the centre), Vairocana (in the east), Ratnasambhava (in the south), Amitābha (in the west), and Amoghasiddhi (in the north).
sangs rgyas ma bral ba'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas me tog 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
sangs rgyas me tog brgyan|A buddha realm.
sangs rgyas mngon sum blo gros|A bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas nam mkha' snang ba'i gtsug phud|A buddha in the distant past.
sangs rgyas nam mkha'|A buddha.
sangs rgyas pad ma'i me tog 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha realm.
sangs rgyas phal po che|A collection of forty-five sūtras presented as a single, long sūtra, although many of its chapters are independent works.
sangs rgyas phal po che|Here, the name of a particular state of concentration (but also the title of a composite Mahāyāna sūtra or “family” of sūtras, Toh 44).
sangs rgyas phal po che|Presented as a single, long sūtra, many of its 45 chapters are independent works. See table of contents of https://read.84000.co/section/O1JC114941JC14666.html.
sangs rgyas phyag na pad ma skyes|A great bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas phyogs|The first king of the “yakṣa” dynasty, most likely Kadphises I.
sangs rgyas rabs bdun|The best known of many sets of past buddhas, including Śākyamuni as the seventh, his three predecessors in this eon (Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, and Kāśyapa), and the three last buddhas of the eon that preceded the present one (Vipaśyin, Śikhin, and Viśvabhū).
sangs rgyas rjes su dran pa|First of the ten recollections.
sangs rgyas rjes su dran pa|The Sanskrit term buddhānusmṛti (Pali buddhānussati), meaning “mindfulness or recollection of the Buddha,” is a common practice in all Buddhist traditions that involves taking a buddha such as the Buddha Śākyamuni or Amitābha as one’s meditative object.
sangs rgyas rnam gzigs|First of the seven buddhas of the past.
sangs rgyas rnams kyi ma 'dras chos|Eighteen qualities that are exclusively possessed by a buddha. These are listed in the Dharma saṃgraha as follows: The tathāgata does not possess (1) confusion; (2) noisiness; (3) forgetfulness; (4) loss of meditative equipoise; (5) cognition of distinctness; or (6) nonanalytical equanimity. A buddha totally lacks (7) degeneration of motivation; (8) degeneration of perseverance; (9) degeneration of mindfulness; (10) degeneration of samādhi; (11) degeneration of prajñā; (12) degeneration of complete liberation; and (13) degeneration of seeing the wisdom of complete liberation. (14) A tathāgata’s every action of body is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; (15) every action of speech is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom; (16) a buddha’s every action of mind is preceded by wisdom and followed through with wisdom. (17) A tathāgata engages in seeing the past through wisdom that is unattached and unobstructed and (18) engages in seeing the present through wisdom that is unattached and unobstructed.
sangs rgyas sa|The tenth and last of the ten levels traversed by all practitioners, from the level of an ordinary person until reaching buddhahood. See “ten levels.”
sangs rgyas sku|Literally “buddha body,” it is another term for the state of buddhahood, which can be subdivided into two or three bodies (kāya).
sangs rgyas sman bla|Tibetan short form of Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha, also known as the Medicine Buddha.
sangs rgyas spyan ma|“The Eye of the Buddha,” one of the mantra deities.
sangs rgyas spyan|Goddess invoked in divination and soothsaying.
sangs rgyas spyan|Literally “The Eye of the Buddha,” a female deity in the esoteric Buddhist pantheon.
sangs rgyas sras po|A synonym for bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas stobs|Unidentified.
sangs rgyas stobs|A yakṣa in Heaped Up. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2468 .
sangs rgyas thams cad byung ba'i snying po'i cod pan|A bodhisattva.
sangs rgyas thams cad kyi sku kun tu ston pa'i dpal|A buddha.
sangs rgyas thams cad kyi sprul pa snang ba'i gtsug phud|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
sangs rgyas yod pa|A realm in the distant past.
sangs rgyas yum|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
sangs rgyas zhing|A pure realm manifested by a buddha or advanced bodhisattva through the power of their great merit and aspirations.
sangs rgyas zhing|A pure realm manifested by a buddha in which beings may follow the path to awakening without fear of falling into lower realms. In many sources it is said to be brought to manifestation through a buddha or bodhisattva’s merit and aspiration.
sangs rgyas|Epithet of Buddha Śākyamuni and general way of addressing the enlightened ones.
sangs rgyas|A fully realized (“awakened”) being; when referring to a particular buddha or tathāgata, this term is capitalized.
sangs rgyas|Literally “Awakened One” in Sanskrit, the Tibetan translation interprets this as one who is “purified and perfected.”
sangs rgyas|A fully awakened being; when spelled with a capital letter it refers to the Buddha Śākyamuni, one of the Three Jewels, unless another buddha is specified.
sangs rgyas|Lit. “awakened one.” Title of one who has attained the highest attainment possible for a living being. “The Buddha” often designates Śākyamuni because he is the buddha mainly in charge of the buddhafield of our Sahā universe.
sangs rgyas|The Indic term buddha means "The Awakened One" and is used in Buddhism as an epithet for the historical Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama as well as other spiritually enlightened beings in general.\n“Buddha” is the past participle of the Sanskrit root budh, meaning "to awaken," “to understand," or “to become aware.”
sar 'bying mtha' yas|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
sar yu|A river.
sas byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
sau ma|Another name of Candra, the god of the moon.
sau rA ShTa|One of the two auxiliary melāpakas.
sa|In its technical usage this term, which literally means “ground” or “level,” refers to any of the ten levels of the realization of a bodhisattva.
sa|Level of the realization of a bodhisattva; according to the general Mahāyāna, there are ten bodhisattva levels; according to Vajrayāna, thirteen.
sa|The path of a bodhisattva is divided into ten stages of spiritual attainment called grounds. The eleventh ground corresponds to complete enlightenment.
sa|Earth (Tib. sa, Skt. bhūmi) is the Indian goddess representing Mother Earth. She goes by various other names including Vasundharā (“holder of the riches”).
sa|Literally “grounds” in which qualities grow, and also it means “levels.” Bhūmi refers specifically to levels of enlightenment, especially the ten levels of the enlightened bodhisattvas. Also translated here as “level.”
sa|This is literally the “ground” in which qualities grow like plants, and it also means a “level.” As an untranslated term, bhūmi is used specifically to refer to levels of enlightenment, especially the seven or ten levels of the enlightened bodhisattvas. Sūtras such as the Perfection of Wisdom sūtras teach the seven bhūmis. The teaching of ten bhūmis was found in the Mahāsāṃghika tradition and particularly in the Daśa bhūmika Sūtra (Toh 44, ch. 31, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-31.html ), which is the thirty-first chapter in the Tibetan version of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra.
sba'i rtsa ba|A land in the south of India.
sbal ba|Cancer (zodiac sign and constellation).
sbal pa|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sbal phreng sor rdub can|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sbar 'chums ma yin|A great bodhisattva.
sbas pa|Second name given to Deluded.
sbas pa|A perfumer, the father of Upagupta.
sbed pa po|Son of the buddha Susthita.
sbed pa|Attendant of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
sbom dga' mo|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sbrang rtsi 'bab pa'i chu bo|A river in Enjoyment of Scents.
sbrang rtsi bzang po|A brahmin statesman.
sbrang rtsi can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sovereign King of Nāgas.
sbrang rtsi sbyin|Attendant of the buddha Vasudeva.
sbrang rtsi'i chu'i tshal|A forest in Dwelling in One Direction.
sbrang rtsi'i mig|Mother of the buddha Amoghadarśin.
sbrang rtsi'i snod|Father of the buddha Śrīdeva.
sbrang rtsi'i zhal|The 487th buddha in the first list, 486th in the second list, and 480th in the third list.
sbrang rtsi|A brahmin statesman.
sbrang rtsi|Son of the buddha Yajñasvara.
sbrang rtsi|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
sbrang rtsi|An acceptable form of medicine for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual. Also used to translate the Sanskrit “madhu.”
sbrang tshal bkra ba|Great lay follower of Buddha Śākyamuni.
sbrul 'khyil ba lta bu|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
sbrul can|A river.
sbrul chen po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
sbrul gdong gnyis pa|“Two-faced snake.”
sbrul gdugs|A village.
sbrul gyi snying po|A variety of sandalwood. The name means “snake essence” because snakes were said to live in the forests of those trees because they were attracted to their scent.
sbrul gyi snying po|One kind of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album) said to be “blue” on the inside. The name “essence of snakes” is said to come from snakes being particularly attracted to those trees.
sbrul ma rungs pa|A class of mischievous spirits.
sbrul|A mountain off Videha.
sbu bu can|A place near Vairambhya in Śūrasena.
sbu bu can|A yakṣiṇī. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2571 .
sbyan bzang 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sbyangs dag|Ascetic practices that are optional for monks and nuns or undertaken only for a defined time period. They are traditionally listed as being twelve in number: (1) wearing rags (pāṃśukūlika, {phyag dar khrod pa}), (2) (in the form of only) three religious robes (traicīvarika, {chos gos gsum}), (3) (coarse in texture as) garments of felt (nāma[n]tika, {'phyings pa pa}), (4) eating by alms (paiṇḍapātika, {bsod snyoms pa}), (5) having a single mat to sit on (aikāsanika, {stan gcig pa}), (6) not eating after noon (khalu paścād bhaktika, {zas phyis mi len pa}), (7) living alone in the forest (āraṇyaka, {dgon pa pa}), (8) living at the base of a tree (vṛkṣamūlika, {shing drungs pa}), (9) living in the open (ābhyavakāśika, {bla gab med pa}), (10) frequenting cemeteries (śmāśānika, {dur khrod pa}), (11) sleeping sitting up (naiṣadika, {cog bu pa}), and (12) accepting whatever seating position is offered (yāthāsaṃstarika, {gzhi ji bzhin pa}); this last of the twelve is sometimes interpreted as not omitting any house on the almsround, i.e. regardless of any reception expected. Mahāvyutpatti, 1127-39.
sbyangs pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
sbyangs pa'i chos|The qualities associated with the observance of ascetic practices.
sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis|Twelve ascetic practices that renunciants may choose to engage in, they are wearing clothing from a dust heap, owning only three robes, wearing felt or woolen clothes, begging for food, eating one’s meal in a single sitting, restricting the quantity of food, staying in solitude, sitting under trees, sitting in exposed places, sitting in charnel grounds, sitting even during sleep, and staying wherever one happens to be.
sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis|The twelve ascetic virtues comprise wearing clothing from a dust heap, owning only three robes, wearing felt or woolen clothes, begging for food, eating one’s meal at a single sitting, restricting the quantity of food, staying in solitude, sitting under trees, sitting in exposed places, sitting in charnel grounds, sitting even during sleep, and staying wherever one happens to be.\nFor the Sanskrit and Tibetan terms, see Mahā vyutpatti 127–39; also Dudjom Rinpoche (1991), vol. 2: 169.
sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis|These consist of (1) wearing rags (pāṃśukūlika, {phyag dar khrod pa}), (2) (in the form of only) three religious robes (traicīvarika, {chos gos gsum}), (3) (coarse in texture as) garments of felt (nāma[n]tika, {'phyings pa pa}), (4) eating by alms (paiṇḍapātika, {bsod snyoms pa}), (5) having a single mat to sit on (aikāsanika, {stan gcig pa}), (6) not eating after noon (khalu paścād bhaktika, {zas phyis mi len pa}), (7) living alone in the forest (āraṇyaka, {dgon pa pa}), (8) living at the base of a tree (vṛkṣamūlika, {shing drungs pa}), (9) living in the open (not under a roof) (ābhyavakāśika, {bla gab med pa}), (10) frequenting burning grounds (Indian equivalent of cemeteries) (śmāśānika, {dur khrod pa}), (11) sleeping sitting up (in meditative posture) (naiṣadika, {cog bu pa}), and (12) accepting whatever seating position is offered (yāthāsaṃstarika, {gzhi ji bzhin pa}). Mahāvyutpatti, 1127-39.
sbyangs pa'i yon tan|These are listed as twelve at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-3716 .
sbyangs pa'i yon tan|Usually this term refers to a set of thirteen ascetic practices that can be taken up optionally by monks to further their moral discipline. Here, it refers to the practice of ascetic purification in general.
sbyangs pa'i yon tan|An optional set of thirteen practices (with some variations among sources) that monastics can adopt in order to cultivate greater detachment. They consist of (1) wearing patched robes made from discarded cloth rather than from cloth donated by laypeople; (2) wearing only three robes; (3) going for alms; (4) not omitting any house while on the alms round, rather than begging only at those houses known to provide good food; (5) eating only what can be eaten in one sitting; (6) eating only food received in the alms bowl, rather than more elaborate meals presented to the Saṅgha; (7) refusing more food after indicating one has eaten enough; (8) dwelling in the forest; (9) dwelling at the foot of a tree; (10) dwelling in the open air, using only a tent made from one’s robes as shelter; (11) dwelling in a charnel ground; (12) being satisfied with whatever dwelling one has; and (13) sleeping in a sitting position without ever lying down.
sbyangs pa'i yon tan|An optional set of practices that monastics can adopt in order to cultivate greater detachment. The list of practices varies in different sources. When thirteen practices are listed, they consist of (1) wearing patched robes made from discarded cloth rather than from cloth donated by laypeople; (2) wearing only three robes; (3) going for alms; (4) not omitting any house while on the alms round, rather than begging only at those houses known to provide good food; (5) eating only what can be eaten in one sitting; (6) eating only food received in the alms bowl, rather than more elaborate meals presented to the saṅgha; (7) refusing more food after indicating one has eaten enough; (8) dwelling in the forest; (9) dwelling at the root of a tree; (10) dwelling in the open air, using only a tent made from one’s robes as shelter; (11) dwelling in a charnel ground; (12) having satisfaction with whatever dwelling one has; and (13) sleeping in a sitting position without ever lying down.
sbyangs pa'i yon tan|Ascetic practices that are optional for monks and nuns or undertaken only for a defined time period. They are traditionally listed as being twelve in number: (1) wearing rags (pāṃśukūlika, {phyag dar khrod pa}), (2) (in the form of only) three religious robes (traicīvarika, {chos gos gsum}), (3) (coarse in texture as) garments of felt (nāma[n]tika, {'phyings pa pa}), (4) eating by alms (paiṇḍapātika, {bsod snyoms pa}), (5) having a single mat to sit on (aikāsanika, {stan gcig pa}), (6) not eating after noon (khalu paścād bhaktika, {zas phyis mi len pa}), (7) living alone in the forest (āraṇyaka, {dgon pa pa}), (8) living at the base of a tree (vṛkṣamūlika, {shing drungs pa}), (9) living in the open (ābhyavakāśika, {bla gab med pa}), (10) frequenting cemeteries (śmāśānika, {dur khrod pa}), (11) sleeping sitting up (naiṣadika, {cog bu pa}), and (12) accepting whatever seating position is offered (yāthāsaṃstarika, {gzhi ji bzhin pa}); this last of the twelve is sometimes interpreted as not omitting any house on the almsround, i.e. regardless of any reception expected. Mahāvyutpatti, 1127-39.
sbyangs pa'i yon tan|An optional set of practices that monastics can adopt in order to cultivate greater detachment. The list of practices varies in different sources. When twelve practices are listed, they consist of (1) wearing rags (pāṃśukūlika, {phyag dar khrod pa}), (2) (in the form of only) three religious robes (traicīvarika, {chos gos gsum}), (3) (coarse in texture as) garments of felt (nāma[n]tika, {'phyings pa pa}), (4) eating by alms (paiṇḍapātika, {bsod snyoms pa}), (5) having a single mat to sit on (aikāsanika, {stan gcig pa}), (6) not eating after noon (khalu paścād bhaktika, {zas phyis mi len pa}), (7) living alone in the forest (āraṇyaka, {dgon pa pa}), (8) living at the base of a tree (vṛkṣamūlika, {shing drungs pa}), (9) living in the open (ābhyavakāśika, {bla gab med pa}), (10) frequenting cemeteries (śmāśānika, {dur khrod pa}), (11) sleeping sitting up (naiṣadika, {cog bu pa}), and (12) accepting whatever seating position is offered (yāthāsaṃstarika, {gzhi ji bzhin pa}); this last of the twelve is sometimes interpreted as not omitting any house on the alms round, i.e., regardless of any reception expected. Mahāvyutpatti, no. 1127–39.
sbyangs tshul|Ascetic practices that are optional for monks and nuns or undertaken only for a defined time period. They are traditionally listed as being twelve in number: (1) wearing rags (pāṃśukūlika, {phyag dar khrod pa}), (2) (in the form of only) three religious robes (traicīvarika, {chos gos gsum}), (3) (coarse in texture as) garments of felt (nāma[n]tika, {'phyings pa pa}), (4) eating by alms (paiṇḍapātika, {bsod snyoms pa}), (5) having a single mat to sit on (aikāsanika, {stan gcig pa}), (6) not eating after noon (khalu paścād bhaktika, {zas phyis mi len pa}), (7) living alone in the forest (āraṇyaka, {dgon pa pa}), (8) living at the base of a tree (vṛkṣamūlika, {shing drungs pa}), (9) living in the open (ābhyavakāśika, {bla gab med pa}), (10) frequenting cemeteries (śmāśānika, {dur khrod pa}), (11) sleeping sitting up (naiṣadika, {cog bu pa}), and (12) accepting whatever seating position is offered (yāthāsaṃstarika, {gzhi ji bzhin pa}); this last of the twelve is sometimes interpreted as not omitting any house on the almsround, i.e. regardless of any reception expected. Mahāvyutpatti, 1127-39.
sbyang|A nāga king.
sbyang|De Jong points out that “the word {sbyaṅ} is recorded in Sumatiratna’s Tibetan-Mongolian Dictionary, II, (Ulanbator, 1959), p. 357: rtsva daṅ ‘bru-la sogs-pa ’jog-pa’i gnas-te sgo daṅ skar-khuṅ med-pa/yaṅ baṅ-ba ’am rdzaṅ yaṅ źes-pa sbyaṅ “a place without doors and windows where herbs and grains are stored; also a store-room or a box” (De Jong 1975, p. 117). (We thank James Gentry for pointing out the sense of “granary.”)\nThe term {sbyang}, if it may indeed be understood as something akin to a “box,” could rather match the term mutoḍī (see Edgerton 1993, p. 436), reported by Samtani as the reading of ANe Comy (the manuscript of the Nibandhana commentary), and also appearing (as mūtoḍī) in the relevant Śikṣāsamuccaya parallel (see Samtani 1971, p. 24, n. 2), rather than the term koṣṭhāgāra in the printed edition. The term mutoḍī matches the Pāli putoỊī/mūtoỊī/mutoli found in Pāli passages parallel to this and explained as follows:\n“A putoḷi is a circular container made by tying together clothes and so forth in the shape of a sack” (vatthādīhi pasibbakākārena bandhitvā kataṃ āvāṭanaṃ putoḷi, ṭīkā on the Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasutta, Mahāvagga, Dīghanikāya; vatthādīhi pasibbakākārena bandhitvā kataṃ āvaṭanaṃ putoḷi, ṭīka on the Mahāsatipaṭṭānasutta, Mūlapaṇṇāsa, Majjhima nikāya; here we take it that āvāṭanam/āvaṭanam = āvaṭṭanam).
sbyi bos byin|A buddha.
sbyin 'od|The 340th buddha in the first list, 339th in the second list, and 334th in the third list.
sbyin bsreg 'od 'phro|The 497th buddha in the first list, 496th in the second list, and 490th in the third list.
sbyin byed ma|Son of the goddess Diti.
sbyin dga'|Mother of the buddha Tiṣya.
sbyin la dga'|Mother of the buddha Śailendrarāja.
sbyin mos|A great bodhisattva.
sbyin pa nyid|One of the muhūrtas.
sbyin pa po|A person who gives alms, an offerer of a gift, or a donor. In the context of the text it is the person who orders an artist to produce the Tathāgata’s image and offers it to the monastic community.
sbyin pa sgrogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmadatta.
sbyin pa'i gnas|In general, a term for a pure monk or ascetic (or the saṅgha as a whole) who can be considered as a field of merit (Skt. puṇyakṣetra) due to his or her (innate) ability to karmically reciprocate acts of generosity and kindness toward him or her.
sbyin pa'i pha rol tu phyin pa|First of the six transcendent perfections.
sbyin par byed pa|An ascetic statesman.
sbyin pa|The first of the six perfections (Skt. pāramitā).
sbyin pa|One of the six perfections, the five perfections, and the means of attraction.
sbyin pa|The practice of giving or making offerings to others. One of the six perfections of the bodhisattva.
sbyin pa|First of the four attractive qualities of a bodhisattva. However, in the context‌ of the transcendent perfections, generosity is the first of the six transcendent perfections.
sbyin pa|The first of the six or ten perfections, often explained as the essential starting point and training for the practice of the others. In this text, it exemplifies merit, the most prized quality of human beings.
sbyin pa|The act of giving motivated by the wish to attain awakening for all sentient beings. It is the first of the six or ten perfections, often explained as the essential starting point and training for the practice of the others perfections. Also translated here as “giving.”
sbyin sreg 'od 'phro|Father of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
sbyin sreg 'od 'phro|The 952nd buddha in the first list, 951st in the second list, and 942nd in the third list.
sbyin sreg byas pa'i 'od|A great bodhisattva.
sbyin sreg|Ritual oblation offered into the fire. Unlike bali, homa in a tantric ritual is a repetitive act performed a prescribed number of times.
sbyin sreg|This refers to a form of ritual that dates back to the early Vedic period of Indian civilization, involving the offering of substances into fire.
sbyin sreg|In “The Chapter on Going Forth,” this is presumably a reference to Vedic sacrifices, which brahmins offered to, and hence burned in, a sacred fire.
sbyin sreg|An oblation offered into a ritual fire; the repeated act of casting an offering into the fire, where each throw is accompanied by a single repetition of the mantra.
sbyin sreg|A fire sacrifice where the practitioner offers an oblation a specified number of times; when this term refers to an individual oblation, it has been translated as “oblation.”
sbyin sreg|The casting of a prescribed offering into a ritual fire. The practice of homa is first attested in pre-Buddhist Vedic literature, and serves as a core, pervasive ritual paradigm in exoteric and esoteric rites in both Buddhist and non-Buddhist traditions into modern times. In Buddhist esoteric rites, the ritual offerings are made repeatedly, with each offering accompanied by a single repetition of the respective mantra.
sbyin|A great bodhisattva.
sbyin|The first of the six or ten perfections, often explained as the essential starting point and training for the practice of the others.
sbyod rgyud|The second class of tantra in most systems of tantra classification (the other classes being, in the fivefold classification, Kriyātantra, Yogatantra, Yogottaratantra, and Yoganiruttaratantra).
sbyong ba'i rgyal po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sbyor ba bzhi|Most likely these refer to (1) desire ({'dod pa}), (2) existence ({srid pa}), (3) view(s) ({lta ba}), and (4) ignorance ({ma rig pa}).
sbyor ba bzhi|The four bonds, according to Nordrang Orgyan (2008): 808, have eight distinct enumerations, among which they are identified in the commentarial tradition of the Abhi dharma kośa with the four torrents, which immediately follow in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-875 .
sbyor ba la 'jug pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
sbyor ba mo|In the sūtra and Kriyātantra literature, a yoginī is a female spirit of the lower order.
sbyor ba rnam gsum|Likely refers to the activities of body, speech, and mind.
sbyor ba zab cing gsang ba|An absorption.
sbyor bas byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
sbyor ba|Gemini (zodiac sign and constellation).
sbyor bral ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
sbyor grub|Birthplace of the buddha Duṣpradharṣa.
sbyor lam|Second of the five paths.
sbyor ma|In the sūtra and Kriyātantra literature, a yoginī is a female spirit of the lower order.
sbyor|To associate something with something.
sdang ba|Seemingly here in connection with {zhe sdang}, or hatred, one of the three root poisons.
sde 'dod|The village where the village headman’s daughters, Nandā and Nandabalā (elsewhere known as Sujata and her sister) nursed Siddhārtha Gautama after his six years of austerities and where he later convinced them of the Truths.
sde ba'i snying po|A buddha realm.
sde bdag|A cuckoo king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sde brgyad po|Gods, nāgas, yakṣas, gandharvas, asuras, garuḍas, kinnaras, and mahoragas.
sde bzangs|A minister, brother of Sena.
sde bzangs|Son of the buddha Jñānaruta.
sde bzangs|Father of the buddha Vajrasena.
sde bzang|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sde bzang|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; a vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
sde can|A minister, brother of Susena.
sde chen ma|Mother of the buddha Amitābha.
sde chen ma|(1) The wife of the householder Mahāsena and lay follower of the Buddha. (2) The wife of a householder in a former life of a person with the same name.
sde chen po|King of the city of Ayodhyā before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.\nNot to be confused with Mahendra or Mahendrasena.
sde chen|A king based in Ujjain, contemporary of the Buddha.
sde chen|(1) A householder and lay follower of the Buddha. (2) A householder in a former life of a person with the same name.
sde dpung bzang po|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
sde mchog|A king.
sde snod gsum pa|A scholar steeped in study of the Tripiṭaka.
sde snod gsum|The three collections of the Buddhist teachings: Sūtra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma.
sde snod gsum|The “three (scriptural) baskets” of Dharma teachings: (1) the basket of teachings on moral discipline (Vinaya) (vinayapiṭaka, {'dul ba'i sde snod}), (2) the basket of teachings in discourses (Sūtra) (sūtrapiṭaka, {mdo sde'i sde snod}), and (3) the basket of teachings on knowledge (Abhidharma) (abhidharmapiṭaka, {mngon pa'i sde snod}).
sde snod|Literally, the “baskets,” or collections containing the Buddha’s teachings.
sde snod|A collection of canonical texts according to subject, the piṭakas are usually Vinaya, Sūtra, and Abhidharma. It can also refer, as in this sūtra, to the collection of the Mahāyana teachings, which is known as the bodhisattva-piṭaka. The word originates from the term “baskets,” originally used to contain these collections.
sde yi 'gros|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhāgīrathi (309 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sder mo|Unguis odoratus, or sweet hoof (blattes de byzance): the operculus of certain sea snails (McHugh, 2008, p 180 n33).
sdes mi thub|Mother of the buddha Prabhāsthita kalpa.
sde|A great bodhisattva.
sde|Alternative name of Suṣeṇa.
sdig bcom|A householder bodhisattva.
sdig can|A city.
sdig can|The name of a demon said to reside in Para nirmitavaśavartin.
sdig can|A demonic being who resides in the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations. An epithet of Māra.
sdig can|Demonic being (his name means “the wicked one”) who resides in the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations.
sdig med|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
sdig pa can gyi lta ba|One of seven grounds for suspension from the saṅgha community.
sdig pa can|A city near Rājagṛha.
sdig pa dang bral ba|The name of a world system in the northwestern direction.
sdig pa'i las lnga|The five negative actions comprise killing, stealing, lying, sexual misconduct, and intoxication. A less likely interpretation would equate this enumeration with the {sdig to las lnga}, which are listed in Kalyāṇamitra’s https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4113.html (Toh 4113, ’dul ba, tsu, 196b) as slaying a brahman, slaying a cow, stealing gold, dallying with the wife of a spiritual teacher, and drinking alcohol. See Nordrang Orgyan (2008): 1112.
sdig pa'i sems dang ldan pa|A class of impure spirits.
sdig pa'i yid|Name of a demon who lived in the past.
sdig pa|Scorpio (zodiac sign and constellation).
sdig sbrul|A class of malevolent serpent-beings.
sdigs mdzub ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the great piśācīs.
sdigs mdzub|A ritual hand gesture (mudrā) of pointing the forefinger of the right hand menacingly.
sdo phod ma|A female slave of King Ikṣuvāku.
sdom can|The 48th buddha in the first list, 48th in the second list, and 49th in the third list.
sdom pa gsum|The restraint of the body, speech, and mind.
sdom pa gsum|In Great Vehicle treatises, the vows of a layperson or monk (prātimokṣa), the vows of a solitary buddha, and the vows of a bodhisattva.
sdom pa gsum|Though the precise reference is unclear from the context, in an Indian Mahāyāna sūtra such as The Ten Bhūmis, the term trisaṃvara does not refer to the triad of prātimokṣa vows, bodhisattva commitments, and tantric pledges, but rather may refer to a set known from the Bodhisattvabhūmi: prātimokṣa discipline, engaging in virtuous acts, and providing assistance and care to all beings.
sdom pa gsum|There are two common sets of “the three vows.” The first set refers to the pratimokṣa, bodhicitta, and mantra vows, and this schema was perhaps most famously promoted in Tibet by the thirteenth-century Tibetan polymath Sakya Paṇḍita. The second set, which is likely the set of three vows referred to here, consists of (1) the pratimokṣa vows (Tib. {so thar gyi sdom pa}) of the desire realm, (2) the dhyāna vows (Tib. {sam gtan gyi sdom pa}) of the form realm, and (3) the uncontaminated vows (Tib. {zag med kyi sdom pa}) maintained by those who have transcended the three realms and are at the level of a noble being.
sdom pa la rab tu gnas pa|A great bodhisattva.
sdom pa ma|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
sdom pa phyin ci log pa|Refers to unconventional practices of a tantric yogin.
sdom pa|A buddha realm.
sdom pa|Attendant of the buddha Cīrṇaprabha.
sdom pa|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
sdom pa|Restraint from unwholesome deeds, generally engendered by observance of the three levels of vows.
sdong bu byin|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍhakrama.
sdong bu'i sman|An acceptable form of medicine for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
sdong bus byin|A householder in this sūtra.
sdong bu|Father of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
sdong chen|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sdong du ma lta bu|Very hot hell. Probably a variation of Pratāpana (Tib. {rab tu tsha ba}), as the name occurs in no other sūtra.
sdong po ldan pa|A royal capital in another world in the distant past.
sdong pos brgyan pa'i le'u|The https://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-45.html (Toh 44-45) is an important Sanskrit sūtra that traces the journey of the young pilgrim Sudhana toward awakening. It was later incorporated into the large scriptural omnibus Buddhāvataṃsaka sūtra as its forty-fifth chapter.
sdong po|One of the four kings of the kinnaras. Translated in other sūtras as {ljon pa} and {shing rlon}.
sdong po|King of the kinnaras. See the introduction https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-058-006.html#UT22084-058-006-816 .\nHis name has been translated into Tibetan both as “{sdong po}” and “{ljon pa}.”
sdu gu ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
sdu gu mdzes ma|‟Divinely Beautiful,” one of the eight goddesses of offerings in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala; also the name of one of the eight great yakṣiṇīs.
sdu gu|Son of the buddha Śreṣṭharūpa.
sdud ma|One of the great piśācīs.
sdud pa|Lit. “collect,” i.e., gather together into the Mahāyāna.
sdug bsngal 'phags pa'i bden pa|First of the four noble truths.
sdug bsngal ba'i 'du shes|Second of the six aspects of perception.
sdug bsngal gsum|The suffering experienced as actual pain, the suffering of change, and potential suffering.
sdug bsngal gyis gnod pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
sdug bsngal kun dkris|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
sdug bsngal kun gyis nyen|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment. This hell is the same as Wrapped in Every Possible Pain.
sdug bsngal la bde bar 'dzin pa|Third of the four misconceptions.
sdug bsngal mtha' yas mang ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
sdug bsngal mthar byed ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
sdug bsngal mthar byed|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sdug bsngal sel|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyakathin.
sdug bsngal shes pa|Fifth of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
sdug bsngal|One of the rāśis.
sdug bsngal|The term “suffering” includes all essentially unsatisfactory experiences of life in cyclic existence, whether physical or mental. These comprise (1) the suffering of suffering, i.e., the physical sensations and mental experiences which are self-evident as suffering and toward which spontaneous feelings of aversion arise; (2) the suffering of change, i.e., all experiences which are normally recognised as pleasant and desirable, but which are nonetheless suffering in that persistent indulgence in these always results in changing attitudes of dissatisfaction and boredom; and (3) the suffering of the pervasive conditioning underlying the round of birth, aging, and death.
sdug cing dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitavikrama.
sdug dga'|Mother of the buddha Śrī.
sdug dga'|Son of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
sdug dga'|Attendant of the buddha Arthakīrti.
sdug dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śrīprabha.
sdug dga'|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glorious Supremely Renowned Intense Subduer resides.
sdug legs|Attendant of the buddha Aśoka.
sdug mdzes|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sdug mthong|Father of the buddha Kusumaraśmi.
sdug pa nyid du mos pa|Third of the eight aspects of liberation.
sdug pa'i rnam par thar pa|Literally, “release from pleasant states.”
sdug par 'du shes|Literally, the “notion of pleasantness;” fourth of the four misconceptions.
sdug par lta|Attendant of the buddha Anupama.
sdug par rnam par lta|Birthplace of the buddha Ojodhārin.
sdus gzhom|Name of a hell.
se bA la|Blyxa octandra (?)
se gol gtogs|A unit of time measuring the time it takes to snap one’s fingers.
se gol nyi shu pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
se ri ka|A certain village during the Buddha’s time, home to Nandā and Nandabalā.
sel byed|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sems 'gro ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
sems brtags|Attendant of the buddha Ugratejas.
sems brtan|Father of the buddha Sucintita.
sems brtan|Attendant of the buddha Yaśadatta.
sems bsgyur ba|A class of malevolent spirits.
sems bskyed ma thag tu chos kyi 'khor lo bskor ba gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
sems bskyed ma thag tu chos kyi 'khor lo bskor ba|A buddha.
sems bskyed ma thag tu chos kyi 'khor lo bskor ba|A great bodhisattva.
sems bskyed ma thag tu sems can thams cad kyi rgyan mdzad|A buddha.
sems bskyed|The determination to attain unsurpassed, perfect awakening for the sake of all sentient beings.
sems can 'du shes med pa|Lit. “Perceptionless Beings.” A heavenly realm listed in this text between the twelfth heaven of the form realm, Bṛhatphala, and the five Pure Abodes of the form realm, known collectively as Śuddhāvāsa.
sems can 'gyur ba'i go cha bgos pa|A great bodhisattva.
sems can bsam par mnyam pa sku yi dpal|The hundred-and-eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: sattvāśayaiḥ sama śarīri śiri.
sems can dbyal ba chen po|A particular hell.
sems can dmyal ba chen po|Also called the hot hells because beings born there suffer from heat and burning.
sems can dmyal ba|A denizen of the hells. See “five destinies.”
sems can dmyal ba|A set of subterranean prisons whose denizens undergo various tortures as retribution for their misdeeds. Also, a denizen of those realms, one of the six classes of beings.
sems can dmyal ba|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, hell beings are engendered by anger and powerful negative actions. They are dominated by great suffering and said to dwell in eight different hells, each with specific characteristics.
sems can gyi bsam pa nges pa'i don gyi pha rol tu bgrod par dong ba|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
sems can gyi bsam pa yang dag par ston pa'i khyu mchog|A buddha.
sems can gyi don la rnam par gdon mi za ba'i rgyal mo|Mother of the buddha Sthitārtha buddhi.
sems can gyi gnas dgu|The dung dkar tshig mdzod chen mo lists the nine as (1) among those with different ({tha dad}) bodies and perceptions, such as humans and some gods, (2) among those with different bodies and a single perception, such as the Brahmakāyika gods, (3) among those with a single body and different perceptions, such as the Ābhāsvara gods, (4) among those with a single body and a single perception, such as the Śubhakṛtsna gods, and (5) among beings in Asaṃjñisattva, (6) in the station of endless space, (7) in the station of endless consciousness, (8) in the station of nothing-at-all, and (9) in the station of neither perception nor nonperception.
sems can gyi gnyen|A buddha.
sems can gyi khams|The world as it is perceived by ordinary beings.
sems can gyi skad ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
sems can gyi snying po|A buddha.
sems can kha lo sgyur|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmaśrī.
sems can kun gyi dge ba'i rtsa ba rab tu sgrog pa'i sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
sems can kun gyi go cha|A buddha.
sems can kun tu skyong ba'i gzi brjid dpal|A night goddess.
sems can mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyarāśi.
sems can nam mkha'i sems snang ba'i gzugs|A buddha in the distant past.
sems can rnams la rjes su ston par mdzad|Sixty-seventh of the eighty minor marks.
sems can sgrol|A god.
sems can snying po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāprabha.
sems can thams cad kyi las rnam par smin pa'i dbyangs|“The Voice That Ripens the Karma of All Beings.” The name of a ray of light.
sems can thams cad kyi mdangs 'phrog|A rākṣasī known only from this sūtra.
sems can thams cad kyi nyon mongs pa 'joms pa|The name of a meditative absorption (samādhi) of a bodhisattva in this text.
sems can thams cad kyi sems kyi spyod pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
sems can thams cad kyi sems la dbang byed pa|An absorption.
sems can thams cad kyi sems mgu bar byed pa|The name of a meditative absorption (samādhi) of a bodhisattva in this text.
sems can thams cad kyi sgra la mkhas pa'i rjes su song ba|Lit. “following the knowledge of sounds of all beings.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sems can thams cad kyi sgra sgrub pa|Lit. “that produces the sounds of all beings.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sems can thams cad kyis mi shigs pa'i go cha|A buddha.
sems can thams cad kyis mthong na dga' ba|The name of Mahāprajāpatī when she becomes a buddha in the future. Also the name of a bodhisattva.
sems can thams cad la dgongs pa grags pa'i dpal|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Blazing Glory.
sems can thams cad mngon par dga' ba|Lit. “that delights all beings.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sems can thams cad mos pa'i go cha bgos|A buddha.
sems can thams cad rdul dang 'byed pa'i sgron ma|“The Lamp That Removes the Dust from All Beings.” The name of a ray of light.
sems can thams cad skyob pa|Name of a Mahābrahmā in the eastern direction.
sems can thams cad skyom med sgyur mdzad|A buddha.
sems can thams cad spu zing|A place in Ultimate Torment.
sems can thams cad tshim byed|Name of a bodhisattva.
sems can thams cad tu snang ba'i rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
sems can thams cad zil gyis gnon pa|Lit. “overcomes all beings.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sems cang thams cad kyi rang bzhin gyi rjes su 'jug pa|A king; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
sems can|Often rendered simply as “being.”
sems can|Any living being in one of the six realms.
sems can|This term refers to anything with sentience. In this text, the concern is with human persons and, more specifically, male monastics.
sems dad pa|The exact meaning of this term is uncertain; it could mean mental clarity or calmness.
sems dang 'brel|Birthplace of the buddha Kusumanetra.
sems dang po bskyed pa ldan pa'i mi 'khrugs pa|A buddha.
sems dpa' chen po|“Great being”; a frequent epithet of bodhisattvas.
sems dpa' chen po|“Great being.” An epithet for an accomplished bodhisattva.
sems dpa' chen po|Literally “great being.” An epithet for a bodhisattva of great accomplishment.
sems dpa' chen po|This translation follows the Tib. (lit. “great mind- hero”), whose translation from Skt. derives from the {lo tsA ba}’s analysis of sattva as meaning “hero,” rather than simply “being.”
sems dpa' chen po|An epithet of advanced bodhisattvas, often defined as having attained at least the seventh bhūmi and the path of vision. These bodhisattvas have several special qualities that bodhisattvas on the lower bhūmis do not have.
sems dpa' chen po|An epithet for an accomplished bodhisattva. The White Lotus of Compassion Sutra goes further and says only those praying to attain buddhahood in an impure realm during a kaliyuga deserve the title, even though the early part of the sūtra uses it for all accomplished bodhisattvas.
sems dpa' med|A great bodhisattva.
sems dpa'i dkyil krung|Sitting posture when the right shank is placed on top of the left shank; there is also a standing version of this posture.
sems dpa'i skyil mo krung|Sitting posture with the left foot drawn to one’s perineum and the other one extended slightly (typically, the posture of Tārā).
sems dpa'|Attendant of the buddha Ketumat.
sems gnas chos 'dzin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajradhvaja.
sems gnas pa|Name of the fifty-second meditative stability.
sems gnas pa|Lit. “stability of mind.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sems grol ma|Mother of the buddha Hutārci.
sems gsal ma|Mother of the buddha Śaśin.
sems gsal|Son of the buddha Asaṅgakīrti.
sems gsal|Father of the buddha Brahmavāsa.
sems gsal|Attendant of the buddha Dharmavikrāmin.
sems gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pradīpa.
sems kyi dri ma|A land in Godānīya.
sems kyi mi dman pa|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
sems kyi mtshan ma|A high level of absorption reached through mastery of concentration.
sems kyi rgyal po|Father of the buddha Maṅgala.
sems kyi rgyal po|Son of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
sems kyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva who is the primary interlocutor for the “Scale of Life” chapter (Ch. 37) of the Buddhāvataṃsaka.
sems kyi rjes su lta ba dran pa nye bar gzhag|One of the four types of presence of recollection.
sems kyi rjes su lta ba'i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|Third of the four applications of mindfulness. For a description, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-952 .
sems kyi ting nge 'dzin spang ba'i 'du byed dang ldan pa'i rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa|Third of the four supports for miraculous abilities.
sems la dbang byed pa|An absorption.
sems las byung ba'i nye ba'i nyon mongs pa|The essentially pure nature of mind is obscured and afflicted by various psychological defilements known as the afflicted mental states, which destroy the mind’s peace and composure. Included among them are the primary afflictions of fundamental ignorance, attachment, aversion, pride, doubt, and twenty subsidiary afflictions.
sems med pa dang sems med pa ma yin pa'i skye mched|The fourth of the four states of imperturbability or formless meditative absorptions or attainments (Skt. ārūpya samāpatti), which leads to rebirth in the formless realm (Skt. ārūpyadhātu) as a deva without form.
sems med par gnas pa|Name of the seventy-third meditative stability.
sems med par gnas pa|Lit. “firm without mind.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sems med pa|Name of the thirty-third meditative stability.
sems med pa|Lit. “without thoughts.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sems mgu ba|A sense of reverence proves that a convert has rejected his old religious sentiments in favor of new ones. The term suggests humility.
sems mi 'khrug|Mother of the buddha Samantadarśin.
sems mnyam par ma bzhag pa med pa|Forth or fifth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
sems mnyam pa|A state of mind that regards all being equally and is without hostility or malice towards any being.
sems mtshungs ma|Mother of the buddha Anāvilārtha.
sems mtshungs|Mother of the buddha Kṣemottamarāja.
sems pa 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maṇicaraṇa.
sems pa ro gcig pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mokṣavrata.
sems pa thogs med smra|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
sems pa'i zas|Third of the four nourishments.
sems par byed pa|One of the grahas.
sems pa|One of the four bases of miraculous power.
sems pa|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
sems pa|In later texts, among the ever-present mental factors that underlie and constitute all conscious states; the Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma lists ten such factors (mahābhūmika, {sa chen po pa}), while Yogācāra theory identifies five (sarvatraga, {kun 'gro}). In that context, volition orients the mind towards objects in ways that may be virtuous, non-virtuous or neutral. In this sūtra, however, the term seems to denote a less specific, manifest aspect of consciousness.
sems rtse gcig|A state in which the mind is focused on a single object.
sems sbyangs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
sems skyed ma thag tu chos kyi 'khor lo bskor ba|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
sems skyed par byed pa|One of the kinnara kings.
sems snyoms ma|Mother of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
sems snyoms|Attendant of the buddha Sthitamitra.
sems song ba|A city in Godānīya.
sems spyod bdud rtsi|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Askhalita buddhi (913 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sems su bskyed pa|The setting of the mind on enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings, which marks the onset of the bodhisattva path and culminates in the actual attainment of buddhahood, distinguishes the compassionate bodhisattva path from that of the śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas who are both preoccupied with their own emancipation from cyclic existence. See Dayal (1932): 50–79, Williams (1989): 197–204, and Padmakara Translation Group (1994): 218–234.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-8 ).
sems tshad med pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
sems|One of the four bases of magical power.
sen mo zangs kyi mdog lta bu dang ldan pa|First of the eighty minor marks.
sen rings|A wandering ascetic whose dialogue with the Buddha is mentioned in many canonical texts. His name means “Long-Nailed.” Also known as Koṣṭhila, Kauṣṭhila, Mahākauṣṭhila, and Agnivaiśyāyana.
sen rings|A brahmin disciple of the Buddha. Also known as Koṣṭhila, Kauṣṭhila, Mahākauṣṭhila, and Agnivaiśyāyana. See introduction, https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-074-003.html#UT22084-074-003-10 .
sen rings|“He Who Has Long Fingernails,” Koṣṭhila’s name after he joined an order of wandering ascetics to continue his studies of Lokāyata philosophy. He later joined the Buddhist order and was known as Koṣṭhila again.
seng blo|The 978th buddha in the first list, 977th in the second list, and 968th in the third list.
seng blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahābala (14) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge 'dzin|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
seng ge blo gros|A buddha.
seng ge blo gros|A bodhisattva.
seng ge blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhavikrāmin.
seng ge bran bzangs|A figure from an unidentified avadāna narrative.
seng ge bsgrags pa|One of the buddhas who teach the Tathāgata guhyaka on certain occasions in Vimalakīrti’s house.
seng ge bsgyings pa'i mid pa|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield at the nadir below the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
seng ge bsgyings pa|An absorption.
seng ge bzang po|Indian commentator (fl. late eighth century).
seng ge can gyi grong|A village. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2043 .
seng ge dga' ba'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śaśivaktra (201 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnākara.
seng ge dpa' bo|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
seng ge dpal|A king in South India.
seng ge gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
seng ge lnga|An ancient city, probably corresponding to the modern Panchakesari in Orissa.
seng ge ltar gnon|A great bodhisattva.
seng ge ltar sgra mngon par sgrogs pa|The name of a bodhisattva.
seng ge ma|One of the eight great bhūtinīs.
seng ge ma|A lion-faced goddess in the retinue of Jñānaḍākinī.
seng ge mngon par bsgrags pa|Lit. “lion’s roar.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
seng ge rab snang|A bodhisattva who is attending the Buddha’s teaching in this sūtra.
seng ge rgyal mtshan dam pa'i gzi brjid|A four-continent world in the distant past.
seng ge rgyal mtshan|Mother of the buddha Ratnāgni.
seng ge rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past when Śākyamuni was Prince Mati.
seng ge ri rab dpal|The eighty-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Harisumeruśirī.
seng ge rnam bsgyings pa yi stobs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Oghajaha (620 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge rnam bsgyings|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Abhyudgata (489 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge rnam par bsgyings pa'i 'od|A buddha in the distant past.
seng ge rnam par bsgyings pa|A city in the south of India.
seng ge rnam par bsgyings pa|A bhikṣuṇī, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 27.
seng ge rnam par bsgyings pa|Name of the twenty-seventh meditative stability.
seng ge rnam par bsgyings pa|Lit. “lion’s yawn.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
seng ge rnam par bsgyings|Name of a bodhisattva.
seng ge rnam par bsgyings|Birthplace of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna raśmi.
seng ge rnam par gnon pas bzhud pa|A buddha in the distant past.
seng ge rnam par rol pa'i rgyal po|A buddha in the southern direction.
seng ge rnam par rol pa|A great bodhisattva.
seng ge rnam par rol|Name of a bodhisattva.
seng ge rnam par rtse ba'i gzi brjid|Father of the buddha Vijita.
seng ge rnam par rtse ba|Name of the 3rd meditative stability.
seng ge rnam par rtse ba|Lit. “lion’s play.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
seng ge rnam par sgrog pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
seng ge rnam par sgrogs pa'i sgra dbyangs kyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
seng ge rnam par sgrogs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.
seng ge rnam par sprul|Name of a bodhisattva.
seng ge rtsal gyis 'gro ba|A bodhisattva and the main interlocutor of The Teaching on How Phenomena Are without Origin.
seng ge rtsal gyis bzhud pa|A buddha.
seng ge sgron ma|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
seng ge stag|Father of the buddha Siṃha.
seng ge tar dpa'|A goose king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
seng ge tog|A buddha.
seng ge'i 'gram pa|Father of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
seng ge'i 'gram pa|The 142nd buddha in the first list, 142nd in the second list, and 142nd in the third list.
seng ge'i 'gros|Son of the buddha Vimalarāja.
seng ge'i 'gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sunetra.
seng ge'i 'od zer|The 349th buddha in the first list, 348th in the second list, and 343rd in the third list.
seng ge'i blo gros grags pa|Son of the buddha Śodhita.
seng ge'i blo gros grags pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mānajaha.
seng ge'i blo gros grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśasta.
seng ge'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
seng ge'i blo gros|Mother of the buddha Nikhiladarśin.
seng ge'i blo gros|A king; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
seng ge'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Baladeva.
seng ge'i blo gros|Name of a bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
seng ge'i blo gros|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratna (374 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i brtson 'grus rtsal gyis 'gro ba|A great bodhisattva.
seng ge'i brtul zhugs blo|Father of the buddha Śīlaprabha.
seng ge'i dbyangs|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Wilderness.
seng ge'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Somaraśmi (606 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i dpal|A buddha.
seng ge'i dpal|A king in the past.
seng ge'i gdong ma|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
seng ge'i glal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Daśavaśa.
seng ge'i gzugs|A town in South India.
seng ge'i khri|Seat of a buddha or royal throne.
seng ge'i legs par brtags pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
seng ge'i logs|Father of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
seng ge'i logs|The 641st buddha in the first list, 640th in the second list, and 632nd in the third list.
seng ge'i lta stangs|Son of the buddha Campaka.
seng ge'i mche ba|Father of the buddha Dṛḍhakrama.
seng ge'i mche ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Marutskandha (410 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i mthu rtsal dor|Son of the buddha Madaprahīṇa.
seng ge'i mthu rtsal spyod pa'i stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
seng ge'i mthu rtsal|Son of the buddha Siṃhasvara.
seng ge'i mthu rtsal|Attendant of the buddha Samantadarśin.
seng ge'i mthu rtsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimuktaketu.
seng ge'i mthu rtsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Cārulocana (515 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i nga ro rnga sgra'i rgyal po|A buddha of a past eon.
seng ge'i nga ro sgra sgrogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padmahastin.
seng ge'i nga ro|Father of the buddha Manojñavākya.
seng ge'i nga ro|Attendant of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
seng ge'i nga ro|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Flowers.
seng ge'i nga ro|The 843rd buddha in the first list, 842nd in the second list, and 832nd in the third list.
seng ge'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vibhaktagātra.
seng ge'i nga ro|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jyeṣṭhadatta (578 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i phyag|The 384th buddha in the first list, 383rd in the second list, and 377th in the third list.
seng ge'i phyag|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anindita (288 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i phyogs pa|The 309th buddha in the first list, 308th in the second list, and 303rd in the third list.
seng ge'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the southeastern direction.
seng ge'i rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gaganasvara.
seng ge'i rgyal mtshan|The 273rd buddha in the first list, 272nd in the second list, and 272nd in the third list.
seng ge'i rgyal mtshan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Nārāyaṇa (249 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i rgyal po 'gro ba rnam par rol pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
seng ge'i rtsal gyis bsgyings pa|A buddha from the south.
seng ge'i rtsal gyis mngon par bsgrags pa'i sgra|A bodhisattva; one of the primary interlocutors in this sūtra.
seng ge'i sde|The 597th buddha in the first list, 596th in the second list, and 590th in the third list.
seng ge'i sgra mngon par bsgrags pa'i dbyangs yid du 'ong ba rjes su sgros pa|Name of an absorption.
seng ge'i sgra sgrogs blo gros|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
seng ge'i sgra sgrogs mkhas pa sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
seng ge'i sgra sgrogs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃha.
seng ge'i sgra sgrogs|A great bodhisattva.
seng ge'i sgra sgrogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vaidyādhipa.
seng ge'i sgra|Son of the buddha Siddhi.
seng ge'i sgra|A buddha in the southeastern direction.
seng ge'i sgra|The 161st buddha in the first list, 160th in the second list, and 160th in the third list.
seng ge'i sgra|One of the buddhas who teach the Tathāgata guhyaka on certain occasions in Vimalakīrti’s house.
seng ge'i sgra|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Smṛtiprabha (692 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i sku|The 209th buddha in the first list, 208th in the second list, and 208th in the third list.
seng ge'i sku|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samṛddhayaśas (829 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i stabs bzhud|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vikrāntagāmin (155 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i stabs gnas gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa.
seng ge'i stabs kyis 'gro ba|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
seng ge'i stabs ltar 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Adbhutayaśas.
seng ge'i stabs su 'gro ba|The name of a past Buddha.
seng ge'i stabs su 'gro ba|Having the “gait of a lion” is included in the list of the eighty excellent signs (asītyānuvyañjana), a subset of the 112 physical characteristics of both buddhas and cakravartins.
seng ge'i stabs su gshegs pa|Forty-second of the eighty minor marks.
seng ge'i stabs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhasena.
seng ge'i stabs|The 398th buddha in the first list, 397th in the second list, and 391st in the third list.
seng ge'i stabs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Meghasvara (76 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i stobs kyis gshegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prabhūta (234 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i stobs|Attendant of the buddha Prabhūta.
seng ge'i stobs|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
seng ge'i stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśaketu.
seng ge'i stobs|The 476th buddha in the first list, 475th in the second list, and 469th in the third list.
seng ge'i tog|Name of a bodhisattva.
seng ge'i tog|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
seng ge'i tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Subāhu.
seng ge'i tog|The 124th buddha in the first list, 124th in the second list, and 125th in the third list.
seng ge'i tog|Lit. “Lion Crest.” The bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly who requests a discourse from Dhāraṇīśvara rāja.
seng ge'i yon tan las byung ba 'brug gi nga ros 'gro ba|A great bodhisattva.
seng ge'i zhabs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arhatkīrti (485 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
seng ge'i zhal|The 1002nd buddha in the first list, 1001st in the second list, and 992nd in the third list.
seng ge'i zla ba|Bhikṣuṇī pupil of the Buddha, who is only known from this sūtra.
seng ge'i zla ba|The 329th buddha in the first list, 328th in the second list, and 323rd in the third list.
seng ges bltas pa|Birthplace of the buddha Upakāragati.
seng ges bltas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śaśivaktra.
seng ges byin pa|The 130th buddha in the first list, 130th in the second list, and 130th in the third list.
seng ges byin|Father of the buddha Vajra.
seng ges byin|Attendant of the buddha Supriya.
seng ges kun nes gang ba|An island in the sea west of Jambudvīpa.
seng ges rnam par rol pa|Father of the buddha Ojaṅgama.
seng ges rnam par rtse|Son of the buddha Gaṇiprabhāsa.
seng ge|A Licchavi inhabitant of Vaiśālī and the father of Ratnadatta.
seng ge|The bodhisattva who will become sixth buddha of the fortunate eon.
seng ge|The 563rd buddha in the first list, 563rd in the second list, and 556th in the third list.
seng ge|A Licchavi king, contemporary of the Buddha; a dynasty in Orissa contemporary of Prakaṭāditya.
seng ge|Siṃha (Lion) is a buddha who inhabits a buddhafield. This buddhafield is specifically said to be Excellent Lamp (Tib. {sgron ma bzang po}) in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-37.html#UT22084-036-008-62 and Pradīpā in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh104.html#UT22084-048-004-79
seng ge|In The Hundred Deeds, a certain army chief in Vaiśālī by this name appears twice (in part 4: “ https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-073-001.html#UT22084-073-001-2238 ” and in part 5: “ https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-073-001.html#UT22084-073-001-2604 ”). It is not clear whether this army chief refers the same person or not.\nIn the first story, he is the father of a ugly and stinking son who heard the Dharma from the Blessed One, went forth, and was healed of his afflictions. In the second story, he is the father of Good Compassion who was sentenced to death but was released and went forth under the Buddha.
seng ldeng can|One of the seven golden mountains.
seng ldeng gi shing|Acaia catechu according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
seng ldeng nags pa|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
seng ldeng|Acacia catechu; cutch tree, kutch tree.
seng ldeng|Monier-Williams s.v. khadira: “Acacia Catechu (having very hard wood, the resin of which is used in medicine, called ‘Catechu,’ ‘Khayar,’ ‘Terra japonica’).”
seng mche ba|The 986th buddha in the first list, 985th in the second list, and 976th in the third list.
seng nge 'dzin|A bodhisattva.
seng stabs|The 433rd buddha in the first list, 432nd in the second list, and 426th in the third list.
senge ge rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
senge ge'i 'gram|King of Kapilavastu. His children were Amṛtā, Droṇā, Śuklā, Śuddhā, Amṛtodana, Droṇodana, Śuklodana, and Śuddhodana.
ser ba|The daughter of the brahmin Agnidatta.
ser bu 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
ser du snang ba|A buddha realm.
ser gdugs|A great bodhisattva.
ser gyi dra bas kun tu khebs|A buddha realm.
ser gyi me tog|A buddha.
ser mo|A Hindu goddess, unidentified. McCombs (p. 128) suggests that the Sanskrit name for this goddess might be Pītā or Vāruṇī.
ser po chen po|The name of a bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ser po sbrang rtsi'i mdog|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ser skya bzang mo|A famous nun who was the wife of Mahākāśyapa for twelve years prior to their ordination.
ser skya gnas|The city in which Buddha Śākyamuni was born, located in present day southern Nepal.
ser skya ljang ku skra|Lit. “The One with Yellow-Green Hair.”
ser skya ma nyid|One of the wrathful goddesses, prominent also in Śaiva Śakta traditions.
ser skya ma|Name of a yakṣa.
ser skya ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
ser skya'i bu|A young brahmin.
ser skya'i gnas|The capital city of the Śākya kingdom, where the Buddha had grown up as Prince Siddhārtha.
ser skya'i gnas|The Śākya capital, where the Bodhisattva (i.e., Siddhārtha Gautama before his awakening) grew up.
ser skya'i gnas|Near the Himālayas, the city that was home to the Śākya clan into which Buddha Śākyamuni was born.
ser skya'i gnas|The capital city of the Śākya kingdom, which is where the Bodhisattva (i.e., Siddhārtha Gautama before his awakening) grew up.
ser skya'i gnas|The hometown of Śākyamuni Buddha. There are two sites, one on either side of the present border between Nepal and India, that have been identified as its remains. Also known as “Kapilāhvaya.”
ser skya'i gnas|An ancient city, capital of the Śākya state, where Siddhārtha Gautama (the Buddha Śākyamuni) lived until the age of twenty-nine when he renounced worldly life. Later, some years after his awakening, the Buddha returned to Kapilavastu, where his cousins Ānanda and Devadatta, his half-brother Nanda, his barber Upāli, and his son Rāhula joined the monastic community.
ser skya'i grong khyer|A town.
ser skya'i grong khyer|The city in the Śākyan kingdom where Gautama Buddha grew up. It is located on the northern side of the Gangetic plain near Lumbini.
ser skya'i grong|The Buddha’s home town.
ser skya'i gzhi|The city of the Śākyans.
ser skya|The right channel above the navel.
ser skya|The city where Śākyamuni was born.
ser skya|A Śaiva deity, an attendant of Śiva.
ser skya|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ser skya|The capital city of the Śākya kingdom, where the Bodhisattva grew up.
ser skya|The name of a sage. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-033.html#UT22084-072-033-193 .
ser skye'i gnas|The city of the Śākyans.
ser skye'i gnas|The Śākya capital, where Siddhārtha Gautama was raised.
ser sna byed|One of twenty or twenty-four so-called secondary mental defilements or afflictions.
ser sna rdo rje ma|A deity representing the faculty of touch.
ser sna rdo rje ma|A deity personifying the true nature of the faculty of touch.
ser sna|An afflictive emotion.
ser sna|One of one of twenty or twenty-four so-called secondary mental defilements or afflictions.
ser sna|In this text, miserliness is one of the three factors at odds with the true Dharma because it impedes generosity and thus destroys merit.
ser sna|The mental state of stinginess, matsara is sometimes translated as “miserliness” or “avarice.” It is classified as one of the twenty subsidiary afflictions (upakleśa).
ser thub|A former buddha in this eon.
ser|A buddha realm.
sga skya|Zingiber officinale.
sgam po pa|Gampopa Sonam Rinchen ({sgam po pa bsod nams rin chen}, 1079–1153). A disciple of Milarepa, and the founder of the monastic Kagyu tradition; also known as Dakpopa ({dwags po pa}) or Dakpo Lharjé ({dwags po lha rje}).
sgam po|A certain king during the time of Buddha Prabhāvan who ordered the torture and slaughter of five hundred arhats, precipitating his rebirth in the Hell of Ceaseless Agony. Also his name in a previous birth as a certain king.
sga|Zingiber officinale.
sgo 'phar|Financial records or accounts. Also means “door panel”.
sgo bzang po|A city in South India.
sgo bzang po|A capital city in the distant past.
sgo khang gi steng gi bsil khang|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
sgo kun nas 'jug pa|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Skill of the Completely Victorious in Battle resides.
sgo kun nas chos ston pa'i ri bo'i 'od|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
sgo kun nas ye shes rnam par snang ba'i dbyangs|A buddha in a southwestern realm.
sgo ldan|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Supreme Wisdom attains buddhahood as the tathāgata Supreme Sun of Bliss.
sgo nga las skyed pa|One of the fourfold classification of ways in which beings are born.
sgo nga las skyes pa|One of the four modes of birth (caturyoni; {skes gnas bzhi}).
sgo so so ba|The six perfections: the perfection of generosity, the perfection of discipline, the perfection of patience, the perfection of diligence, the perfection of concentration, and the perfection of insight.
sgog skya|Heliotropium indicum.
sgom byed|Son of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
sgom lam|Fourth of the five paths, preceded by the paths of provisions, connection, and insight, and followed by the path of no-more-learning.
sgom pa la dad pa'i khyim gti mug med cing sgrib pa med par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānin.
sgom pa ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
sgom pa mo|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sgom pa|Acquainting the mind with a virtuous object or mentally contemplating the Buddha’s teachings (Rigzin 75). Also translated here as “meditation.”
sgom|Acquainting the mind with a virtuous object. Often translated as “meditation” and “familiarization.”
sgong skyes|Second of the four modes of birth.
sgor gnas ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
sgra 'byin shin tu sgra 'byin|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
sgra 'jigs ston|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
sgra 'phang mthon po|A forest on Flocking Peacocks.
sgra bo che|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sgra bsags|A nāga king.
sgra bsgrags mchog gi rgyal po|A tathāgata of the buddhafield, at the zenith, called Adorned by Ornaments.
sgra bsgrags pa la 'jug pa|Name of the ninety-seventh meditative stability.
sgra bsrags pa'i stobs kyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva in the western buddhafield Illuminated.
sgra bstod|Part of the Tibetan translation of a Skt. stock phrase for the expression of esteem. See glory, good reputation.
sgra byed kyi bu|An Indian seer.
sgra can 'dzin|The Buddha’s son.
sgra can zin bzang po|Son of Siddhārtha Gautama.
sgra can zin bzang po|(1) Another name of Rāhula. (2) The son of a future Buddha whose name is Śākyamuni.
sgra can zin|The son of the Buddha. Also referred to as “Rāhulabhadra.”
sgra can|A village.
sgra can|An asura king.
sgra chen po'i dbyangs kyi rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
sgra chen po|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
sgra chen|A king in the past.
sgra chen|A river in the Hell of Intense Heat.
sgra chen|A garuḍa, king of birds, who lived on Mount Meru, and eventually went for refuge and took the fundamental precepts. He was the previous incarnation of the great king Vaiśravaṇa.
sgra dang brda zad mi shes pa 'dzin pa|Attendant of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
sgra dang tshig dang 'bru sna tshogs sgrub pa|Lit. “producing skill in [making] the variety of sounds, words, and syllables.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sgra dbyangs 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmaruta.
sgra dbyangs bskul ba|The 849th buddha in the first list, 848th in the second list, and 838th in the third list.
sgra dbyangs drag po|Fifth of the five great kings.
sgra dbyangs gyi yi ge dang bral ba|Name of the eighty-eighth meditative stability.
sgra dbyangs kyi yi ge thams cad dang bral ba|Lit. “free from all sound and voiced syllables.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sgra dbyangs ma|The goddess of speech and of learning.
sgra dbyangs mchog|Attendant of the buddha Ratnakrama.
sgra dbyangs mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Supraṇaṣṭamoha (920 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sgra dbyangs mi bzad par sgrogs pa|Lit. “Who Roared the Fearsome Roar.” A buddha, presumably in another realm, in the presence of whom the bodhisattva great being Sadāprarudita is practicing celibacy.
sgra dbyangs mngon par sgrogs pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
sgra dbyangs rnam par dag pa|The name of a dhāraṇī.
sgra dbyangs rnam par dag pa|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
sgra dbyangs snyan pa|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha King of the Sāla Abiding in the Precious Lotus resides.
sgra dbyangs|A goddess.
sgra dbyangs|The goddess of speech and of learning.
sgra dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Varuṇa.
sgra gcan 'dzin|Son of the buddha Somacchattra.
sgra gcan 'dzin|Hearer present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
sgra gcan 'dzin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmadeva.
sgra gcan 'dzin|The 533rd buddha in the first list, 533rd in the second list, and 526th in the third list.
sgra gcan 'dzin|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight great śrāvakas or arhats.
sgra gcan 'dzin|Śākyamuni Buddha’s own son, who became a distinguished disciple. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-945 .
sgra gcan bzang po|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara.
sgra gcan bzang po|The 610th buddha in the first list, 609th in the second list, and 603rd in the third list.
sgra gcan gzi brjid can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pūrṇacandra.
sgra gcan gzi brjid mtha' yas|Son of the buddha Puṣya.
sgra gcan lha|Father of the buddha Vibhrājacchattra.
sgra gcan lha|The 113th buddha in the first list, 113th in the second list, and 114th in the third list.
sgra gcan me tog|Mother of the buddha Śuddhasāgara.
sgra gcan nyi ma'i snying|The 801st buddha in the first list, 800th in the second list, and 790th in the third list.
sgra gcan sbed pa|The 976th buddha in the first list, 975th in the second list, and 966th in the third list.
sgra gcan sbed|The 362nd buddha in the first list, 361st in the second list, and 356th in the third list.
sgra gcan shis pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Subāhu.
sgra gcan zin|The Buddha’s son who became a monk (bhikṣu) and his disciple.
sgra gcan zin|Śrāvaka arhat, one of the sixteen sthavira arhats (see “elder”).
sgra gcan zin|An asura king. He is said to cause eclipses by seizing or blocking the sun and moon.
sgra gcan zin|The Buddha’s son who became the first novice monk and a prominent member of his monastic saṅgha.
sgra gcan zin|Son of Prince Siddhārtha Gautama, who, when the latter attained awakening as the Buddha Śākyamuni, became a monk and eventually one of his foremost śrāvaka disciples.
sgra gcan zin|Rāhula is the name of Śākyamuni Buddha’s physical son. Edgerton reports from different sources that he miraculously descended from Tuṣita heaven into his mother’s womb, and insisted on becoming a monk when he found out that the Buddha was his father. He was ordained by Śāriputra.
sgra gcan zla|The 913th buddha in the first list, 912th in the second list, and 903rd in the third list.
sgra gcan|A demon who is supposed to seize the sun and moon and thus cause eclipses.
sgra gcan|The 271st buddha in the first list, 270th in the second list, and 270th in the third list.
sgra gcan|The celestial demon of the eclipse, regarded as the leader, or one of the leaders, of the asuras.
sgra gcan|Śākyamuni Buddha’s son who became the first novice monk and a prominent member of his monastic saṅgha.
sgra gcan|The Buddha Śākyamuni’s son, he became the first novice monk and a prominent member of his monastic saṅgha.
sgra gcan|Eminent among the long-life gods, he is said to have on different occasions seized the sun and moon, only releasing them on the Buddha’s order.
sgra grags|The 511th buddha in the first list, 511th in the second list, and 504th in the third list.
sgra la chags pa med par ston pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin.
sgra la chags pa|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
sgra la mos|A king of the past.
sgra ldan|A northwestern buddha realm.
sgra mchog sems pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pārthiva (600 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sgra mchog|Father of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
sgra mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Supraṇaṣṭamoha.
sgra mdzes ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode. The Tib. has been emended to correct the non-sensical {skra mdzas ma}.
sgra med pa dang sgra dang bcas pa thams cad yang dag par 'du ba|Lit. “in which all that is soundless and with sounds comes together”; alternatively, “in which all with affliction comes together in what is without affliction.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sgra mi snyan lnga len ril pa can|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sgra mi snyan|(1) A country ({sgra ngan}). (2) A continent in the north ({sgra mi snyan}).
sgra mi snyan|(1) The continent to the north of Mount Sumeru. (2) A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
sgra mi snyan|The northern continent of the human world according to traditional Indian cosmology, characterized as “unpleasant sound.”
sgra mi snyan|In ancient Buddhist cosmology, the northern of the four continents in the cardinal directions, that of “Unpleasant Sound.”
sgra mi snyan|In Buddhist cosmology, it refers to (1) the continent to the north of Mount Sumeru, and (2) a land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
sgra mi snyan|The continent to the north of Mount Meru according to Buddhist cosmology. In the Abhidharmakośa, it is described as square in shape and its human inhabitants enjoy a fixed lifespan, namely a thousand years, and do not hold personal property or marry.
sgra mi zad|Attendant of the buddha Brahmavāsa.
sgra ngan|(1) A country ({sgra ngan}). (2) A continent in the north ({sgra mi snyan}).
sgra rgya mtsho rab tu zhi ba dang ldan pa|A night goddess.
sgra rnam par bsgrags pa|A bodhisatva great being.
sgra rnam par grags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sgra rnam par grags pa|A brahmin; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
sgra sgo skyong|Unidentified. The Tib. reflects a different Skt. reading.
sgra sgrogs dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sgra sgrogs ma|A goddess.
sgra sgrogs pa|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
sgra sgrogs|One of the kings of the rākṣasas.
sgra sgrogs|Refers to rṣi Guṃjika’s abode, a place near Nādikā, a village in the country of Vṛji.
sgra sgrogs|(1) A yakṣa in Kashmir; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-2418 . (2) A ṛṣi.
sgra sgrog|Attendant of the buddha Yaśaḥkīrti.
sgra skad thams cad kyi brda'|Name of an absorption.
sgra skad zad mi shes par ston pa'i blo gros can|Son of the buddha Sulocana.
sgra snyan dbyangs|(1) A buddha in the past ({sgra snyan dbyangs}). (2) A king who was Mahāpraṇāda’s father ({rab sgrogs}).
sgra snyan pa dag grag|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
sgra snyan pa|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
sgra snyan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ananta rati kīrti.
sgra snyan|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sgra snyan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitabuddhi.
sgra thams cad kyi dbyangs|A buddha.
sgra thams cad yang dag par 'phags pa|Name of a buddha realm located in the northern direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Also called Manifestation of All Perfumes.
sgra yi rdo rje ma|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Vajrasattva.
sgra yi yan lag dbyangs|A buddha in the distant past.
sgra'i khams|Fifth of the eighteen sensory elements.
sgra'i skye mched|Eighth of the twelve sense fields.
sgrags 'dzin ma|A goddess.
sgrags pa|A great bodhisattva.
sgrar rjod pa dang dbyangs dang nga ro thams cad las 'das pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
sgras stod|Part of the Tibetan translation of a Skt. stock phrase for the expression of esteem. See glory, good reputation.
sgra|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
sgra|A garuḍa, king of birds, who lived on Mount Meru, and eventually went for refuge and took the fundamental precepts. He was the previous incarnation of the great king Virūpākṣa.
sgrib med blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kāśyapa.
sgrib med byams pa mthong|Mother of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
sgrib med dgongs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpaprabha (788 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sgrib med lung ston|A buddha.
sgrib med ma rmongs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vratatapas.
sgrib med mthong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candra.
sgrib med ston|The name of a bodhisattva.
sgrib pa bsal cing chags pa med|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Unobscured Lamp attains buddhahood as Supreme Wisdom.
sgrib pa lnga|A set of mental factors that hinder discipline, concentration, and insight.
sgrib pa lnga|These are (1) wishing for sense pleasures, (2) ill will, (3) sleep and torpor, (4) agitation and regret, and (5) doubt.
sgrib pa lnga|Longing for desires (kāmacchanda), malice (vyāpāda), sloth and torpor (styānamiddha), excitement and remorse (auddhatya kaukṛtya) and doubt (vicikitsā).
sgrib pa lnga|These are five mental impediments that hinder meditation: impediments of desire (kāmacchanda), malice (vyāpāda), depression and sloth (styānamiddha), wildness and excitement (auddhatya kaukṛtya), and doubt, or perplexity (vicikitsa).
sgrib pa lnga|The five obscurations, as found in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2531 , comprise longing for sensual pleasure, agitation and regret, harmful intention, dullness and sleepiness, and hesitation. See also Kimura IV: 182.
sgrib pa lnga|Five impediments to meditation: sense desire ({'dod pa la 'dun pa}, kāmacchanda), ill will ({gnod sems}, vyāpāda), drowsiness and torpor ({rmugs pa dang gnyid}, styānamiddha), agitation and guilt ({rgod pa dang 'gyod pa}, auddhatya kaukṛtya), and doubt ({the tshom}, vicikitsā).
sgrib pa med pa'i 'gros|Attendant of the buddha Muniprasanna.
sgrib pa med pa'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Amohavihārin.
sgrib pa med pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candra.
sgrib pa med pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
sgrib pa med pa'i dngos po|Name of a dhāraṇī.
sgrib pa med pa'i go 'phang rnam par gnon pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajra.
sgrib pa med pa'i gzi brjid bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Amoghagāmin.
sgrib pa med pa'i rnam par thar pa thob pa|Lit. “reached a freedom without obscuration.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sgrib pa med pa'i sgron ma|A bodhisattva who seeks a prophecy from Śākyamuni.
sgrib pa med pa'i tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prasanna.
sgrib pa med par brtsegs pa'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
sgrib pa med par mthong ba dang ldan pa|Son of the buddha Dṛḍha.
sgrib pa med par shes pa mthong ba|A sage; former incarnation of the Buddha.
sgrib pa med par ston pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍha.
sgrib pa med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Samantadarśin.
sgrib pa thams cad rnam par 'thor ba'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva from a buddha realm in the downward direction. Also called Sarvāvaraṇa vikiraṇa jñāna vikrāmin.
sgrib pa thams cad rnam par sel ba|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
sgrib pa thams cad rnam par sel ba|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
sgrib pa thams cad rnam par sel ba|A great bodhisattva, visitor from the distant buddhafield of Padmanetra, and the Buddha Śākyamuni’s main interlocutor in this text.
sgrib pa thams cad rnam par sel ba|One of the eight great bodhisattvas. In particular, he has an important role in the Lotus Sūtra, in which Buddha Śākyamuni sends him to Vārāṇasī to see Avalokiteśvara. This is paralleled in the Kāraṇḍavyūha, in which he is sent to Vārāṇasī to obtain Avalokitesvara’s mahāvidyā.
sgrib pa thams cad rnam par sel ba|One of the eight great bodhisattvas, his name literally means “Remover of Hindrances.” He plays an important role in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html (Saddharmapuṇḍarīka, Toh 113), in which the Buddha Śākyamuni sends him to Vārāṇasī to see Avalokiteśvara. This is paralleled in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh116.html ( https://read.84000.co/translation/toh116.html , http://read.84000.co/translation/toh116.html), in which he is sent to Vārāṇasī to obtain Avalokiteśvara’s mantra.
sgrib pa thams cad rnam par sel|One of the celestial bodhisattvas.
sgrib pa|That which obscurs insight into reality.
sgrib pa|The five hindrances are sensual desire, ill will, sloth and torpor, excitement and remorse, and doubt.
sgrib pa|Defilements that obstruct liberation and omniscience. This term refers both to affective (or “afflictive”) and cognitive obscurations.
sgrib pa|Usually a reference to five hindrances: longing for sense pleasures (Skt. kāmacchanda), malice (Skt. vyāpāda), sloth and torpor (Skt. styānamiddha), excitement and remorse (Skt. auddhatyakaukṛtya), and doubt (Skt. vicikitsā).
sgrib pa|In this sūtra it is stated that there are five obscurations. This must be referring to the list in the early Mahāyāna sūtra The Patience Trained by the Color of Space Sūtra: (1) desire’s craving; (2) malice; (3) dullness and sleepiness; (4) laziness and agitation; and (5) doubt.
sgrib pa|The obscurations to liberation and omniscience. They are generally categorized as two types: affective obscurations (kleśāvaraṇa), the arising of afflictive emotions, and cognitive obscurations (jñeyāvaraṇa), those caused by misapprehension and incorrect understanding about the nature of reality.
sgro 'dogs pa|To superimpose inherent existence upon something that does not exist inherently.
sgro 'dogs pa|A term that refers to the activity of superimposition or imputing characteristics to things that they do not possess. A paradigm case in Buddhism is the imputation of a singular, self-existent, enduring self to the transient bundle of skandhas that make up a person.
sgro btags pa|To superimpose existence upon something which does not exist; adherents of eternalist views superimpose existence upon something which does not exist. They grasp at a concrete reality. The opposite is the view of nihilists which denies the existence of phenomena.
sgrogs byed|A great bodhisattva.
sgrogs mkhas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmavāsa.
sgrogs pa'i bshes gnyen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Meruraśmi.
sgrogs pa|A buddha realm.
sgrogs pa|A great bodhisattva.
sgrol ma bzang po|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
sgrol ma dril bu ma|A wrathful form of the goddess Tārā.
sgrol ma|Lit. “the Saviouress.”
sgrol ma|The Buddhist goddess of compassion.
sgrol ma|Female bodhisattva of compassion; also one of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
sgrol ma|A vidyā queen (vidyārājñī), Tārā is more generally regarded as a deity from the Buddhist pantheon known for bestowing her protection.
sgrol ma|A goddess whose name can be translated as “Savior.” She is known for giving protection and is variously presented in Buddhist literature as a great bodhisattva or a fully awakened buddha.
sgrol ma|Female bodhisattva of compassion; the chief goddess of the activity family, personifying the true nature of the element wind; one of the five goddesses personifying the five “hooks of gnosis.”
sgrom|A measure of capacity or volume, and sometimes of weight, roughly equivalent to 5 liters or 9.5 kilograms. It can also be used to denote a vessel or container of that capacity, hence the Tibetan translation here sgrom, “box” or “chest,” which is a little misleading in the passage in this text.
sgron byed 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
sgron chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Viniścitamati (340 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sgron che|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sugandha (265 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sgron ma 'bar ba|Name of the eighty-ninth meditative stability.
sgron ma 'bar ba|Lit. “fire meteor.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sgron ma 'chang|A buddha.
sgron ma 'dzin pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sgron ma 'dzin|A great bodhisattva.
sgron ma 'dzin|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sgron ma 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūryaraśmi.
sgron ma byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pradīpa.
sgron ma byin|Son of the buddha Meruyaśas.
sgron ma byin|Mother of the buddha Nandeśvara.
sgron ma bzang po|Excellent Lamp is a buddhafield inhabited by the Buddha Siṃha.
sgron ma chen po 'dzin pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sgron ma chen po|The 137th buddha in the first list, 137th in the second list, and 137th in the third list.
sgron ma chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāprabha (19 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sgron ma drang po|Attendant of the buddha Vidyuddatta.
sgron ma gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṣemaṃkara.
sgron ma khyad par 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Acala.
sgron ma mchog|Mother of the buddha Mahāmitra.
sgron ma mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Vidhijña.
sgron ma mchog|“Supreme Lamp,” a buddha from the buddhafield Infinite Flowers. He is the titular figure in The Dhāraṇī of Agrapradīpa.
sgron ma mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśaḥkīrti (915 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sgron ma mdzad|A buddha.
sgron ma mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Raśmirāja.
sgron ma'i dkyil 'khor|A buddha realm.
sgron ma'i lag|Attendant of the buddha Sārathi.
sgron ma'i mdangs|Birthplace of the buddha Rāhugupta.
sgron ma'i phung po chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ojastejas.
sgron ma'i rgyal po|Name of a bodhisattva.
sgron ma'i rgyal po|Father of the buddha Svaracodaka.
sgron ma'i rgyal po|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Famous.
sgron ma'i rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśottara (204 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sgron ma'i tog|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyapradīpa.
sgron ma|A distant world.
sgron ma|Son of the buddha Satyaketu.
sgron ma|Father of the buddha Ṛṣiprasanna.
sgron ma|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍhasvara.
sgron ma|The 222nd buddha in the first list, 221st in the second list, and 221st in the third list.
sgron me byed|A buddha realm.
sgron rgyal|The 515th buddha in the first list, 515th in the second list, and 508th in the third list.
sgros bim pa ltar dmar ba|Twenty-third of the eighty minor marks.
sgrub byed bzang mo|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
sgrub byed|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sgrub pa po|One who performs a sādhana.
sgrub pa po|The person who performs a sādhana or a ritual aimed at a particular result. This term can loosely be translated as “practioner.”
sgrub pa'i rgyal po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sgrub pa|Formal practice done in sessions; in the context of the AP this can be any ritual practice aiming for a particular result.
sgrub thabs|Practice involving mantra and visualization.
sgrub thabs|A formal practice usually organized into sessions, which involves mantra and visualization.
sgrub thabs|The method of practice. Experiential methods for actualizing spiritual attainments and liberation.
sgrub thabs|Ritual practice organized into sessions and dedicated to a particular goal; the act of achieving or accomplishing one’s purpose in general.
sgur chung|A certain monk of the Buddha’s order whose vile deeds committed against his mother in a previous life ripened into a series of hell births. Finally attaining a human birth, he had a curved spine and went hungry, then drank ash-gruel and passed into parinirvāṇa.
sgur po|A physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
sgyid mi lug pa|Attendant of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
sgyu 'phrul chen mo|(1) The Buddha’s mother. (2) The mother of a future Buddha whose name is also Śākyamuni.
sgyu 'phrul chen mo|The female central deity of the Mahā māyā Tantra who appears in the form of the male Heruka. She was also a popular form of the Brahmanical great goddess (Mahādevī), to whom the Buddhist figure is intimately related. Also rendered here as “Great Illusion.”
sgyu 'phrul chen mo|Buddha Śākyamuni’s mother. She and her sister Māyā both married King Śuddhodana of Kapilavastu. Here she is said to be the daughter of Śākya Suprabuddha. In other stories, Mahā māyā is alternatively said to be the daughter of King Āñjāna of Devaḍaha. Also called “Mahā māyādevī” and “Māyādevī.”
sgyu 'phrul|Mother of the buddha Śākyamuni.
sgyu 'phrul|Buddha Śākyamuni’s aunt, and the daughter of Śākya Suprabuddha. She and her sister Mahā māyā (Buddha Śākyamuni’s mother) both married King Śuddhodana of Kapilavastu. Somewhat confusingly, in other stories she is identified as Mahā prajāpatī Gautamī, q.v., while Māyā is often used as a short form of the name of the Buddha’s mother Mahā māyā.
sgyu ma chen mo|A goddess.
sgyu ma lta bu'i ting nge 'dzin|The realization that all phenomena are illusory and empty, which occurs when a bodhisattva understands the unborn nature of phenomena.
sgyu ma rnam par spangs pa|Lit. “where illusion has been eliminated.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
sgyu ma|A buddha realm to the east.
sgyu med|Father of the buddha Amitayaśas.
sgyu rtsal drug cu rtsa bzhi|These include writing and mathematics, and also different sports, crafts, dancing, acting, and the playing of various instruments.
sgyu rtsal drug cu rtsa bzhi|The sixty-four crafts, as enumerated in the Mahā vyutpatti, comprise the thirty designated arts, the eighteen requisites of musical performance, the seven harmonious tones of the musical scale, and the nine dramatic moods.\nSee https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2129 .
sgyu rtsal shes kyi bu ring du 'phur|A Sāṃkhya teacher with whom Siddhārtha studied.
sgyu|According to Edgerton: śaṭhya.
sh kA|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
shA kya 'phel|A yakṣa that was the protective deity for the Śākya clan, which was the Buddha’s clan. The Śākyas had a temple devoted to him and he is represented in sculpture as being present at his birth.
shA kya mkhyu mchog|Literally, “the Bull of the Śākyas.” This is similar to Śākyamuni, “the Sage of the Śākyas,” the Śākyas being the Buddha’s clan.
shA kya seng ge|An epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shA kya thub pa|The buddha of this eon and world.
shA kya thub pa|The name of the buddha of our era, the fourth buddha of this Bhadraka eon.
shA kya thub pa|The name of the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama; he was a muni (sage) from the Śākya clan.
shA kya thub pa|Lit. “Sage of the Śākya.” In Great Vehicle literature, this is one of the most common epithets of the historical Buddha, the buddha of our time, also known as Gautama Buddha.
shA kya thub pa|The buddha in the realm of Enduring, who is the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama. He was a muni (sage) from the Śākya clan.\nAlso a buddha in the realm of Joy and in the realm of Jñānabala.
shA kya thub pa|An epithet for the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama: he was a muni (“capable one”) from the Śākya clan. Usually counted as the fourth of the first four buddhas of the present Good Eon, the other three being Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, and Kāśyapa. He will be followed by Maitreya, the next buddha in this eon.
shA kya'i rgyal po|An epithet of the Buddha.
shA kya|Name of the clan into which the Buddha was born.
shA ra dwa ti'i bu|One of the Buddha’s chief disciples, more commonly known as Śāriputra.
shA ra twa ti'i bu|One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known as the foremost in terms of wisdom.
shA ri bu|One of the major śrāvaka disciples, paired with Maudgalyāyana, and noted for having been praised by the Buddha as foremost of the wise; hence, the most frequent target for Vimalakīrti’s attacks on the śrāvakas and on the Hinayāna in general.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-005.html#UT22084-060-005-902 )
shA ri kA|Māṭhara’s daughter and mother of Upatiṣya (aka Śāriputra).
shA ri ka|The mother of Śāriputra.
shA ri'i bu chen po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
shA ri'i bu|The wisest of Buddha’s disciples. Śāriputra’s father Tiṣya named him Śāriputra, “Śārikā’s Son,” to honor Śāriputra’s mother Śārikā.
shA ri'i bu|One of the foremost disciples of the Buddha, renowned for his wisdom and regarded by the tradition as a principal compiler of the Abhidharma.
shA ri'i bu|Also known as Śāradvatīputra. He was one of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his pure discipline and, of the hearer disciples, considered foremost in wisdom.
shA ri'i bu|Along with Maudgalyāyana, one of Buddha Śākyamuni’s two foremost disciples, known for his erudition. His full given name is Śāriputra Upatiṣya; also rendered here as Upatiṣya.
shA ri'i bu|Along with Maudgalyāyana, Śāriputra was one of the two main disciples of the Buddha. Known as a great arhat, he requested some important teachings such as the Prajnāpāramitā sūtras, and is particularly famous for his discriminating insight (prajñā).
shA ri'i bu|One of the principal hearer disciples of the Buddha, paired with Maudgalyā yana, he was renowned for his discipline and for having been praised by the Buddha as foremost of the wise. His father, Tiṣya, named him Śāriputra, “Śārikā’s Son,” to honor Śāriputra’s mother Śārikā.
shA ri|Māṭhara’s daughter and mother of Upatiṣya (aka Śāriputra).
shAkya blo gros|The name of an important translator who was active during the early Sarma ({gsar ma}) period (c. 11th century).
shAkya btsun pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
shAkya chen po|The identity of this person is unknown.
shAkya mngon par mdzes pa|The name of an eon in which the Buddha Glorious Array of Eloquence in All Teachings resides.
shAkya pa|In the sūtra this term used by non-Buddhists to refer to Buddhists.
shAkya rab sad|King of Vṛji, father of Buddha Śākyamuni’s mother Mahā māyā. See “Suprabuddha.”
shAkya seng ge|One of the epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shAkya seng ge|“Śākya lion.” Synonymous with Śākyamuni, “Śākya sage.”
shAkya seng ge|In Sanskrit, “Lion of the Śākyas,” an epithet for the Buddha.
shAkya seng ge|Literally, “Lion of the S̄ākyas,” this is the name under which Buddha Śākyamuni was prophesied for awakening by Buddha Dīpaṃkara.
shAkya skyes mchog|An epithet for the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama: he was a muni (“capable one”) from the Śākya clan. In this text and elsewhere, he is counted as the fourth of the first four buddhas of the present Good Eon, the other three being Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, and Kāśyapa. He will be followed by Maitreya, the next buddha in this eon. In the first list an alternative epithet of his, “Supreme of the Śākyas” ({shAkya skyes mchog}) is used. He is counted as the 4th buddha in all three lists found in this sūtra.
shAkya thub pa|The name of the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama; he was a muni (able one) from the Śākya clan.
shAkya thub pa|The name of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama. In The White Lotus of the Good Dharma he is said to be in the northeast of the Sahā universe.
shAkya thub pa|A common epithet of the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, meaning “the sage (muni) of the Śākya clan.” Here mentioned as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
shAkya thub pa|Lit. “Sage of the Śākya.” In Great Vehicle literature, this is one of the most common epithets of the historical Buddha, the buddha of our time, also known as Gautama Buddha.
shAkya thub pa|The buddha in the realm of Enduring, who is the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama. He was a muni (sage) from the Śākya clan.\nAlso a buddha in the realm of Joy and in the realm of Jñānabala.
shAkya thub pa|An epithet for the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama: he was a muni (“capable one”) from the Śākya clan. In this text and elsewhere, he is counted as the fourth of the first four buddhas of the present Good Eon, the other three being Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, and Kāśyapa. He will be followed by Maitreya, the next buddha in this eon. In the first list an alternative epithet of his, “Supreme of the Śākyas” ({shAkya skyes mchog}) is used. He is counted as the 4th buddha in all three lists found in this sūtra.
shAkya thub|The name of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama. He was a muni (“sage”) from the Śākya clan.
shAkya thub|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śākyamuni (4 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shAkya ye shes|Śākya Yeshé, commonly known by the title Drokmi Lotsāwa, was a Tibetan translator and important figure in the Lamdré (Tib. {lam 'bras}) lineage. Drokmi’s dates are uncertain, but Tibetan literature offers a range of possible dates beginning in 990 and ending in 1074.\nFor a hagiography of Drokmi, see Stearns 2010, pp. 83–101. For an academic appraisal of his life and works, see Davidson 2005, pp. 161–209.
shAkya'i skyes|An ally of King Śrī.
shAkya'i sras|The disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shAkya|The clan from which the Buddha was descended.
shAkya|The family into which the Buddha Śākyamuni was born.
shAkya|Name of the clan into which the Buddha Śākyamuni was born.
shAkya|The name of the family clan into which the Buddha Śākyamuni was born.
shAkya|Name of the clan in Northern India in which the Buddha Śākyamuni was born as prince Siddhārtha.
shAkya|Name of the tribe dwelling in Northern India in which Gautama, or Śākyamuni, Buddha was born as prince Siddhārtha.
shI len dra bo dhi|An Indian paṇḍita resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.
shI tra|The river Śītā, also spelled Sītā (personified).
sha ba na 'chang ba|A land in the east of Jambudvīpa.
sha bkra|A skin disorder characterized by a loss of pigmentation.
sha bkra|An illness considered an impediment to ordination. Can translate both sitapuṣpika and kilāsa.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
sha gar|A skin disorder characterized by a loss of pigmentation.
sha ka'i mi|Appears in The Hundred Deeds as the name of a king and a people dwelling in the “barbaric outlying region” south of Jambudvīpa.
sha kha ra|Candied sugar.
sha kho Ta|Streblus asper.
sha ldan|One of the rāśis.
sha ling tsa|Achyranthes triandra.
sha med zas sbyin|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sha na'i ras|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
sha ni|Householder who lived in the past at the time of the buddha King of All Qualities’ Light Rays.
sha ra dva ti'i bu|One of the two closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his pure observance of discipline.
sha ra dwa t'i bu|An elder monk in the Buddha’s retinue, known for his pure observance of discipline and unparalleled knowledge of the teachings.
sha ra dwa ti'i bu|One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, renowned for his pure observance of discipline. Also known as Śāriputra.
sha ra dwa ti'i bu|More widely known as Śāriputra. He was one of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his pure discipline and, of the hearer disciples, considered foremost in wisdom.
sha ra dwa ti'i bu|More widely known as Śāriputra—the contracted version of his name—he was one of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples. Renowned for his pure discipline and unparalleled knowledge of the teachings.
sha ra dwa ti'i bu|Lit. “Son of Śāradvatī or Śāri,” more widely known as Śāriputra‍—the contracted version of his name‍—he was one of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples. Renowned for unparalleled wisdom and knowledge of the teachings.
sha ra dwa ti'i bu|Along with Maudgalyāyana, Śāradvatīputra (also known as Śāriputra) was one of the two main disciples of the Buddha. He was renowned for his pure discipline and was praised by the Buddha as being foremost in terms of insight.
sha ra dwa ti'i bu|Also known as Śāriputra. Along with Maudgalyāyana, he was one of the Buddha Śākyamuni’s two main bhikṣu disciples, renowned for his wisdom and pure observance of discipline. His father, Tiṣya, named him Śāriputra (Śārikā’s Son) to honor Śāriputra’s mother Śārikā.
sha ra pung ga|Tephrosia purpurea.
sha ri sa|Albizzia lebbeck Benth. (Acacia Sirissa.)
sha ri'i bu|Close disciple of the Buddha.
sha ri'i bu|“The son of Śāri,” the Buddha’s principal pupil, who passed away before the Buddha.
sha ri'i bu|One of the closest disciples of the Buddha, known for his pure observance of discipline.
sha rjen|“Carrion eater,” a class of flesh-eating spirits.
sha za gu nad|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
sha za ma|One of the great piśācīs.
sha za ma|A female member of a class of nonhuman beings traditionally associated with the wild, remote places of the earth. They are considered particularly violent and are known to devour flesh.
sha za mo|Female piśāca.
sha za mo|A female member of a class of semidivine beings traditionally associated with the wild, remote places of the earth. They are considered particularly violent and known to devour flesh.
sha za rna sgrogs|“Demoness of the Ear,” female spirit who reveals hidden facts or the future by whispering them into one’s ear; very likely another name for Śravaṇa piśācī.
sha za|A class of nonhumans said to dwell in impure and perilous places, where they feed on impure things, including flesh.
sha za|A class of semidivine beings traditionally associated with the wild, remote places of the earth. They are considered particularly violent and known to devour flesh.
sha za|A class of nonhuman beings traditionally associated with the wild, remote places of the earth. They are considered particularly violent and known to devour flesh. Thus the term was translated into Tibetan as “flesh eater.”
sha za|A flesh-eating demon, or a demon who can possess the body of a human and cause various illnesses or insanity. They are often depicted as red-eyed, dark-skinned, bulging-eyed creatures, although they seem to be able to assume many shapes.
sha za|A spirit that haunts the night, feeds on corpses, and is fatal to see. The Tibetan means “flesh eater.” The Sanskrit does not have “eat” as part of the name, but piśa means “flesh.” An alternative etymology is that they are called piśāca because they are yellow in color, from the Sanskrit piśita, meaning “yellow.”
sha za|A class of nonhuman beings traditionally associated with the consumption of meat and flesh, alcohol, and other impure or taboo substances, especially when those substances are in the form of refuse, human waste, and carrion. They are said to live in forests, mountains, and other wild places, or near charnel grounds and sites where refuse is deposited, sites that are typically on the margins of society. Piśācas are generally considered threatening, and are closely associated with the transmission of disease.
sha'i mig|First of the five eyes. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1114 .
sha'i ri|A legendary mountain in Khotan.
shaM kA ri NI|A goddess invoked to counter the effects of poison.
shag ti|Thirty-eighth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
shal ma la|Salmalia malabarica.
shal ma li nags|“Forest of Silk Cotton Trees,” one of the hot hells (the thorns of a silk cotton tree are supposed to be used in torture).
shal ma li|Bombax heptaphyllum or Salmalia malabarica (a lofty and thorny tree).
shal ma li|Bombax ceiba. Also known as the red cotton tree. It has red flowers and ripened capsules that contain cotton-like fibers. In particular, the trunk is covered in spikes to deter climbing animals, and therefore it is an iron version of this tree that is found in the hells.
sham ba la|The hell of the Simul trees, also called cotton trees, that have vicious thorns. The Tibetan had a corrupted, transliterated version of the name. This is classed among the neighboring hells. It is where beings continually climb up and down the trees in search of a loved one.
sham thabs|One of a Buddhist monk’s three robes. The term {sham thabs} (nivāsana) is the most widespread and is the one used throughout this text, except in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-2935 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-925 where the alternative term {mthang gos} (antarvāsa) is used.
shang ka re|A short form of Śaṅkaroṣṇīṣa; also another name of Śiva.
shang ka shi la|A type or stone or shell. Pali sankhasilā.
shang shang te'u yi skad 'byin|A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shang shang te'u|Also translated “partridge.”
shang shang te'u|Different kinds of partridge: swamp partridge (Skt. tittiri), grey partridge (Skt. kapiñjala), Greek partridge (Skt. jīva).
shang shang te'u|Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar, also known as the Greek partridge). In later times in China and Tibet this became a legendary half-human bird, or a two-headed bird.
shang shang te'u|A mythical two-headed bird that is said to live in the snowy mountains. It is described in Buddhist texts as having a melodious song and is depicted in Buddhist art as resembling a pheasant.
shang shang te'u|In particular the Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) also known as the Greek partridge. The name comes from its call of rapidly repeated three notes. In later times, in China and Tibet this became a legendary half-human bird, or a two-headed bird.
shang shang te'u|Some times translated as “pheasant.” The Sanskrit, jīvaṃjīva refers to the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar). In Tibet and China, this became a mythical bird depicted as a half human and half bird, or as a bird with two heads. Here its image is the seventeenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
shang shang|A mythical two-headed bird that is said to live in the snowy mountains. It is described in Buddhist texts as having a melodious song and is depicted in Buddhist art as resembling a pheasant.
shangs mtho ba|Forty-eighth of the eighty minor marks.
shar ba|Son of King Śatānīka of Kauśāmbī.
shar ba|A mountain in the eastern sea beyond Jambudvīpa.
shar gyi lus 'phags|The eastern continent according to Buddhist cosmology. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-66 .
shar gyur pa thams cad sdug bsngal|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
shar phyogs|A country in the east, possibly the same as Prācī.
shar phyogs|This term may refer to any country in the east of India; in some contexts, however, it seems to refer to a specific country of this name.
shas che ba|A village.
she Do ka|A monk of a previous buddha. If the Tibetan transliteration is correct, this name is probably not of Sanskrit origin.
she na zha|A buddha.
shed bu|Son of the buddha Sumedhas.
shed bu|Father of the buddha Buddhimati.
shed bu|Attendant of the buddha Daśaraśmi.
shed bu|Manu is the archetypal human and the progenitor of humanity in Indian lore. Thus, “son of Manu” is a synonym for humanity in general. Also rendered “born of Manu.”
shed bu|Manu being the archetypal human, the progenitor of mankind, in the Mahā bhārata, the Purāṇas, and other Indian texts, “son of Manu” is a synonym of “human being” or mankind in general. Also rendered “born of Manu.”
shed can|In the Indian tradition, Manu, similar to Noah in the Biblical tradition, was the survivor of a flood that covered the world, and so is the ancestor of all humans. On divine advice, he built a boat in which he saved his family and all the plants, seeds, and animals necessary to reintroduce to the world after the flood had diminished.
shed las skyes|Literally “born from Manu,” considered the first ancestor of all humans.
shed las skyes|Manu being the archetypal human, the progenitor of mankind, in the Mahā bhārata, the Purāṇas, and other Indian texts, “born of Manu” is a synonym of “human being” or mankind in general. Also rendered “son of Manu.”
shed rdzogs 'du shes brtan|Attendant of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
shed skyes dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharaṇīśvara.
shed skyes gtso bo|Father of the buddha Kusumaprabha.
shed skyes|Father of the buddha Merudhvaja.
shed|In the Indian tradition, Manu, similar to Noah in the Biblical tradition, was the survivor of a flood that covered the world, and so is the ancestor of all humans. On divine advice, he built a boat in which he saved his family and all the plants, seeds, and animals necessary to reintroduce to the world after the flood had diminished.
shel 'jug pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
shel gi tshal|A forest in Activity.
shes 'byor|Attendant of the buddha Sujñāna.
shes 'byung gnas|The 435th buddha in the first list, 434th in the second list, and 428th in the third list.
shes 'phags|A buddha realm.
shes byin|Son of the buddha Meghadhvaja.
shes bzang|Attendant of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
shes bzhin|Also called “mental alertness,” the faculty of mind that maintains a conscious watch for any inclination of the mind toward mental dullness or agitation, especially during meditation (Rigzin 423). Closely related to mindfulness.
shes bzod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthita vega jñāna.
shes can|Attendant of the buddha Vigatakāṅkṣa.
shes chen|Attendant of the buddha Jñānavikrama.
shes dga'|Son of the buddha Maṇidharman.
shes dga'|Attendant of the buddha Laḍitavyūha.
shes gnyen grags pa'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Surāṣṭra (830 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shes gsal|The study of the prescribed rules for Brahmanical rites. It is one of the subjects a learned brahmin is supposed to have mastered.
shes ldan dbyangs|Mother of the buddha Amitasvara.
shes ldan mchod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānarāśi.
shes ldan ngang tshul can|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shes ldan snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Anuttarajñānin.
shes ldan|Son of the buddha Jñānavikrama.
shes ldan|Son of the buddha Anuttarajñānin.
shes ldan|Father of the buddha Jñānavikrama.
shes ldan|Attendant of the buddha Pratibhāna varṇa.
shes ldan|Name of a child born into a merchant family in Vaiśālī, whose story is told in this sūtra. In his previous life, he was a god who foresaw his own rebirth as a pig. Seeking help from the Buddha, he goes for refuge in the Three Jewels, and succeeds to be reborn as a human. According to the Buddha’s prophecy, he will become the buddha known as King of Foremost Knowing.
shes legs|Attendant of the buddha Mokṣadhvaja.
shes mchog|Son of the buddha Mokṣadhvaja.
shes mchog|Son of the buddha Dharmadhvaja.
shes mchog|Mother of the buddha Jñānavikrama.
shes mig|One of the māras.
shes mthu rtsal|The 587th buddha in the first list, 586th in the second list, and 580th in the third list.
shes pa bcu gcig|Knowledge of suffering, knowledge of origination, knowledge of cessation, knowledge of the path, knowledge of extinction, knowledge of nonproduction, knowledge of dharma, subsequent realization knowledge, conventional knowledge, knowledge of mastery, and knowledge in accord with sound.
shes pa bcu|The ten knowledges, as given in the Abhidharmakośa, are (1) worldly knowledge, (2) the knowledge of phenomena (dharma), (3) inferential knowledge, (4) knowledge of suffering, (5) knowledge of the origin of suffering, (6) knowledge of the cessation of suffering, (7) knowledge of the path, (8) knowledge of others’ minds, (9) knowledge of exhaustion, and (10) knowledge of non-arising.
shes pa dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
shes pa dpa' ba|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
shes pa sna tshogs yod pa|Name of a teacher in a story the Buddha tells; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
shes pa thogs pa med pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
shes pa'i dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sukrama (646 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shes pa'i sgron ma|One of the five yakṣa generals.
shes pa'i tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
shes pa'i zla ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānavikrama.
shes pas rgyas pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shes pa|Also translated as “cognition.”
shes pa|The term jñāna is formed by the root jñā, meaning “to know,” “to know of,” “to understand,” “to be aware of,” with the addition of the pratyaya lyuṭ, which can be interpreted as having different values (the instrument of awareness, its agent, or the action of awareness). We have chosen “awareness” as it was the only that seemed to fit for two important (and not unrelated) contexts wherein jñāna is used: awareness of something, and nonobjective, nonconceptual awareness. In Tibetan the two senses are sometimes distinguished by using {shes pa} and {ye shes}, respectively, but the distinction in the usage of these two terms is not clearly marked in works that are translations from the Sanskrit, and hence it is less relevant for the Kangyur than it may be for indigenous Tibetan works. The nature of jñāna and its relationship with “wisdom” (prajñā) is the topic of one of the chapters of the Abhidharmakośa https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html and is also thematized in a number of Mahāyāna sūtras and śāstras.
shes phung|The 529th buddha in the first list, 529th in the second list, and 522nd in the third list.
shes rab 'byung gnas blo gros|(950−1030) One of the main masters in Vikramaśila monastery.
shes rab 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahā prajñā tīrtha.
shes rab 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
shes rab 'dod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anupama.
shes rab 'gros|The 966th buddha in the first list, 965th in the second list, and 956th in the third list.
shes rab 'od|An assistant translator and editor of this scripture.
shes rab 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gandheśvara.
shes rab 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Asaṅgamati (520 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shes rab 'phags|Mother of the buddha Supriya.
shes rab 'phags|Birthplace of the buddha Pārthiva.
shes rab 'phags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maticintin.
shes rab bla ma|A bodhisattva.
shes rab bla ma|The name of a thus-gone one in the future.
shes rab bla ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candra.
shes rab brtan|Mother of the buddha Dharmacandra.
shes rab brtsegs pa|A buddha from the west.
shes rab brtsegs pa|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
shes rab brtsegs pa|The 545th buddha in the first list, 545th in the second list, and 538th in the third list.
shes rab brtsegs|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
shes rab brtsegs|A bodhisattva from the realm of Buddha Prabhūtaratna.
shes rab brtsegs|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shes rab brtsegs|“Heap of Insight.” A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
shes rab brtsegs|The 86th buddha in the first list, 86th in the second list, and 87th in the third list.
shes rab byin|Son of the buddha Prajñādatta.
shes rab byin|Birthplace of the buddha Aśoka.
shes rab byin|The 581st buddha in the first list, 581st in the second list, and 574th in the third list.
shes rab bzang po|Father of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
shes rab bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Mahā prajñā tīrtha.
shes rab can rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.
shes rab can|Son of the buddha Mahā prajñā tīrtha.
shes rab chen mo|An upāsikā in Dhanyākara.
shes rab chen po'i stegs|The 747th buddha in the first list, 746th in the second list, and 736th in the third list.
shes rab chen po|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara.
shes rab chen po|Father of the buddha Prajñādatta.
shes rab chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prajñādatta.
shes rab dbyangs|Son of the buddha Ketudhvaja.
shes rab dga' ba'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Trailokyapūjya.
shes rab dga'|Mother of the buddha Prajñāgati.
shes rab dpag tu med pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Muniprasanna.
shes rab gdon mi za|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa.
shes rab go cha|Indian paṇḍita (fl. ninth century).
shes rab gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Matimat.
shes rab gsal|Attendant of the buddha Laḍitakṣetra.
shes rab gtsug|Attendant of the buddha Aṅgaja.
shes rab kha lo sgyur ba|An ancient king.
shes rab kyi 'byung gnas byang chub tu smon pa'i blo can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bodhana.
shes rab kyi 'od kun tu gsal ba chos kyi grong khyer rab tu snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
shes rab kyi dbang po|Fifth of the five faculties.
shes rab kyi dbang|An empowerment involving a female consort.
shes rab kyi lag pa|One of the four hands of bodhisattvas, the other three being the hands of faith, discipline, and learning. See The Fourfold Accomplishment (Catuṣkanirhāra, Toh 252), https://read.84000.co/translation/toh252.html#UT22084-066-010-55.
shes rab kyi mig|Third of the five eyes. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1118 .
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin ma|Name of a female deity.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin ma|The perfection of wisdom personified.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa'i mdo|The sūtra in which the transcendental wisdom is taught. There are nineteen versions of different lengths, ranging from the Heart Sūtra of a few pages to the Hundred-Thousand. A great deal of information about these sūtras can be found in the works of Dr. Edward Conze.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa|The collection of discourses on the Perfection of Wisdom.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa|“Perfection of Wisdom,” one of the six perfections personified.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa|The goddess who is the personification of the perfection of wisdom.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa|One of the six perfections (generosity, morality, and so forth). For the deity, see “Prajñāpāramitā.”
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa|The sixth of the six perfections, it refers to the profound understanding of the emptiness of all phenomena, the realization of ultimate reality.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa|Transcendental wisdom, being the profound nondual understanding of the ultimate reality, or voidness, or relativity, of all things; personified as a goddess, she is worshiped as the “Mother of all Buddhas” (Sarva jina mātā).
shes rab kyi phung po|Third of the five definitive aggregates.
shes rab kyi phung po|One of the five uncontaminated aggregates.
shes rab kyi sgra kun tu 'byung ba'i sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
shes rab kyi snang ba byed|Attendant of the buddha Amoghagāmin.
shes rab kyi snang ba rnam par gdon mi za ba'i me tog kun tu rgyas pa|Attendant of the buddha Sulocana.
shes rab kyi snang ba rnam par nges pa|Mother of the buddha Amoghagāmin.
shes rab kyi snang bas stobs pa bstan pa'i blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
shes rab kyi stobs|Fifth of the five powers.
shes rab kyis rnam par bsgoms shing sbyangs pa'i sems|Attendant of the buddha Prajñādatta.
shes rab kyis rnam par nges pa'i tshig la spobs pa|A bodhisattva mahāsattva present in the Buddha’s assembly. His name means, “Eloquence in Language Ascertained through Insight.”
shes rab kyis sbed pa'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Power of Aspiration.
shes rab ldan|“Wise,” the wise one; Prince Puṇyabala’s brother who exemplifies insight.
shes rab legs sems pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāpraṇāda.
shes rab ma|One of the four retinue goddesses of Mahāsarasvatī.
shes rab mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Mahā prajñā tīrtha.
shes rab mchog|A great bodhisattva.
shes rab mchog|Mother of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
shes rab me tog|The 678th buddha in the first list, 677th in the second list, and 669th in the third list.
shes rab mkhas pa|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
shes rab mnga' ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bodhyaṅgapuṣpa (843 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shes rab mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bodhyaṅgapuṣpa.
shes rab mthar phyin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sudarśana.
shes rab nyams pa med pa|Eleventh of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
shes rab nyi ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Balatejojñāna.
shes rab pha rol phyin|The sixth of the six perfections, it refers to the profound understanding of the emptiness of all phenomena, the realization of ultimate reality.
shes rab pha rol tu phyin pa|The Kāraṇḍavyūha is referring to the goddess who is the personification of the perfection of wisdom, and is in the feminine case. However, the Tibetan has the male ending -{pa}, instead of the female ending -{ma}, which is presently normally used for the goddess, but does not appear in the Mahāvyutpatti Sanskrit-Tibetan concordance.
shes rab phung po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas.
shes rab rdzogs pa|A scholar attending to the buddha Nectar Joy.
shes rab rdzogs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Deśāmūḍha (778 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shes rab rgyal mtshan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhadhvaja (272 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shes rab rnam 'god nga ro|The 768th buddha in the first list, 767th in the second list, and 757th in the third list.
shes rab rnam par 'phrul pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pratibhāna varṇa.
shes rab rnam par nges pa'i rgyal po|Son of the buddha Prajñādatta.
shes rab rnam par nges pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhadharma.
shes rab rnam par sbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
shes rab rnyog pa med pa|A sage; former incarnation of the Buddha.
shes rab sde|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūryagarbha.
shes rab seng ge|The monk who translated this sūtra from Chinese. No details of this person are known.
shes rab sgra skad|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śailendrarāja.
shes rab sgrib pa med pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Uttamadeva.
shes rab sgron ma|An absorption.
shes rab sgron ma|Son of the buddha Laḍitakṣetra.
shes rab sgron ma|Lit. “wisdom lamp.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
shes rab sgron ma|The eighty-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
shes rab sgron ma|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnakīrti.
shes rab skar mda' can|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñādatta.
shes rab skar mdas mngon par shes pa'i me tog kun tu rgyas pa|Father of the buddha Prajñādatta.
shes rab smon lam sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
shes rab snang ba'i dpal|A head merchant’s daughter in the distant past.
shes rab snang bar byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahā prajñā tīrtha.
shes rab snang|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnārci.
shes rab spobs pa rnam par nges pa'i rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pūjya.
shes rab stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Yaśaketu.
shes rab stobs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhabala (772 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shes rab tog gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Keturāṣṭra.
shes rab yon tan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Meruraśmi.
shes rab|As the sixth of the six perfections, it refers to the profound understanding of the emptiness of all phenomena, the realization of ultimate reality—also sometimes rendered as wisdom. In other contexts it refers to the mental factor responsible for ascertaining specific qualities of a given object, such as its characteristics or whether it should be taken up or rejected.
shes rab|[The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. Here, the term “consort” has been used to render slighty different concepts or views of the female consort, most important of them are: mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā.\nMudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies, (also rendered here as “wisdom consort.”]
shes rab|The female element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. In this translation the term “consort” has been used to render different terms with slighty different concepts of the female consort, the most important being mudrā, vidyā, and prajñā. Mudrā emphasizes the symbolic form of the female consort, while vidyā and prajñā emphasize the wisdom, or insight, aspect that the female principle embodies (see also “wisdom consort”).
shes rab|The term prajñā is formed by adding the prefix pra, usually understood as meaning “excellent,” to the root jñā, meaning “to know,” “to know of,” “to understand,” “to cognize,” “to be aware of,” etc. Prajñā is used in more mundane contexts as referring to something very akin to “wisdom,” while in a Buddhist context it is often defined as dharma-pravicaya, the classification or analysis of entities, predicated upon a recognition of their specific nature. It is thus also a synonym of abhidharma and of “insight” or “clear sight” (vipaśyanā).
shes rab|In this text {shes rab} seems to mean primarily knowledge (defined as insight and understanding one has gained through studying and experience), specifically knowledge of the teachings of the Buddha in general, and of karmic cause and effect in particular (Cf. Edgerton, BHSD, s.v. prajñā: “(Skt., and Pāli paññā), knowledge: three kinds, śrutamayī, cintāmayī, and bhāvanāmayī”, i.e., knowledge consisting in listening to the teachings, reflecting on them, and meditation (cultivating or internalizing the teachings). Also translated here as “knowledge of the Dharma.”\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-039.html#UT22084-072-039-104 .
shes rab|In the context‌ of the transcendent perfections, wisdom is the sixth of the six transcendent perfections.\nThe translation of prajñā ({shes rab}) by “wisdom” here defers to the precedent established by Edward Conze in his writings. It has a certain poetic resonance which more accurate renderings—“discernment,” “discriminative awareness,” or “intelligence”—unfortunately lack. It should be remembered that in Abhidharma, prajñā is classed as one of the five object-determining mental states (pañca viṣaya niyata, {yul nges lnga}), alongside “will,” “resolve,” “mindfulness,” and “meditative stability.” Following A saṅga’s Abhi dharma sam uccaya, Jamgon Kongtrul (TOK, Book 6, Pt. 2, p. 498), defines prajñā as “the discriminative awareness that analyzes specific and general characteristics.” Therefore “wisdom” in this context is to be understood in the cognitive or analytical Germanic sense of witan or weis (Dayal 1932: 136) and not as an abstract “body of knowledge,” or in any aloof and mysterious theosophical sense. Nor indeed is there any association with the Greek sophia.\nAlso translated here as “discriminative awareness.”
shi 'phos med|A buddha realm.
shi ba|Major deity in the pantheon of the classical Indian religious traditions.
shi bi|A king who is the Buddha in a former life.
shi bi|(1) A name sometimes used for King Śrīsena’s country. (2) The name of a country he once ruled in previous lifetimes.
shi bi|A king who ruled in the palace of Catuṣka before the time of Śākyamuni Buddha. He was a previous incarnation of the Buddha who as a bodhisattva bargained his own flesh and blood away to Śakra (appearing in the guise of a cannibal demon) in return for hearing the verse that appears as the first in the Udānavarga collection.
shi gnas gus pa|Name of a bodhisattva in a story Buddha tells.
shi kra bi li kra|“Jewel wielded by Indra,” the name of a particular gem.
shi ma thag tu 'tsho ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell. Alternatively referred to as Life Isochronous with Death.
shi ri sha ka|A divine garden in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three that derives its name from the śirīṣaka trees (Acacia sirissa) that grow there.
shi ri sha|The sirisa tree or Acacia sirissa.
shi shu mA ra|A sea monster; lit. “the child-killer,” the Gangetic porpoise or dolphin (Monier-Williams).
shi shu ma ri'i ri|The name of the capital city of Bharga (see “Garga”). (Edgerton 531.2).
shib tu spyod pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
shin du mthong ba|A class of gods who inhabit the fourth of the “pure abodes.”
shin tu 'byor pa|Attendant of the buddha Ṛṣideva.
shin tu 'byor|Attendant of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
shin tu 'jigs byed|Father of the buddha Jagadīśvara.
shin tu 'jigs med|Attendant of the buddha Candra.
shin tu 'phags dpal|The 160th buddha in the first list, 159th in the second list, and 159th in the third list.
shin tu 'phags sems|Attendant of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
shin tu bde ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Balasena.
shin tu bden pa|Attendant of the buddha Mahāsthāman.
shin tu bkra shis|Son of the buddha Kanakaparvata.
shin tu bkra shis|Mother of the buddha Vigatatamas.
shin tu bkra|One of the kings of the asuras.
shin tu blo gsa|A king and the Buddha’s maternal grandfather (according to Sbhv).
shin tu blta na gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin.
shin tu brtags pa med pa|Name of the seventy-ninth meditative stability.
shin tu brtags spyod|Name of a brahmin, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
shin tu brtan pa'i 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Subuddhi.
shin tu brtan pa'i mthu rtul|Name of a bodhisattva.
shin tu brtan pa|A nāga king.
shin tu brtan pa|The realm of the Buddha Siṃha.
shin tu brtan pa|A bhikṣu, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 6.
shin tu brtan pa|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
shin tu brtan pa|A hearer who lived in the past and was a disciple of the buddha Merugandha.
shin tu brtan pa|A god living in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, whose name means “Very Stable.” He is one of the primary characters in this text, where he is told that he has only a week to live before he will be born into the lower realms.
shin tu brtan|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shin tu brtsegs|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
shin tu bsgoms pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Akṣobhya.
shin tu bsil ba|The 906th buddha in the first list, 905th in the second list, and 896th in the third list.
shin tu byang chub|Father of the buddha Jagadmati.
shin tu bzang po|A buddha realm.
shin tu bzang po|A great bodhisattva.
shin tu bzang po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vairocana.
shin tu bzang|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
shin tu bzang|The 500th buddha in the first list, 499th in the second list, and 493rd in the third list.
shin tu che ba|A kumbhāṇḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shin tu dga' ba|A great bodhisattva.
shin tu dga'|Mother of the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa.
shin tu dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śaśivaktra.
shin tu dge ba|Father of the buddha Kṣema.
shin tu dge|Attendant of the buddha Dharmamati.
shin tu dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kāñcanaprabha (607 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shin tu dpal bzang ldan|A god; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
shin tu dpal ldan|Attendant of the buddha Ugradatta.
shin tu dri ldan|A world system.
shin tu dri med sems pa|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shin tu dri med|One of the five celestial bodhisattvas associated with Mañjuśrī.
shin tu dud pa|A class of vidyādharas.
shin tu dul ba'i sems|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja this name appears twice, perhaps in error. Translated the first time in Tibetan as {shin tu dul ba'i sems}, and the second time as {dul bar sems}.
shin tu dul bar gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suceṣṭa.
shin tu dul ba|One of the five celestial bodhisattvas associated with Mañjuśrī.
shin tu dul ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Asaṅgakīrti.
shin tu dul ldan|A kingdom where the buddha named Voice Proclaiming the Cloud of Dharma dwelled.
shin tu dul|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error. Translated the first time in Tibetan as {dul rab}, and the second time as {shin tu dul}.
shin tu gang|Name of a yakṣa general.
shin tu gnas pa|The name of a world system.
shin tu gnas pa|One of the ten absorptions of the bodhisattvas.
shin tu gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Anilavegagāmin.
shin tu gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
shin tu gnyid sangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati.
shin tu go cha bgos pa'i dpal|A buddha.
shin tu grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnapriya.
shin tu grags|Father of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
shin tu grags|The 167th buddha in the first list, 166th in the second list, and 166th in the third list.
shin tu grol bar gyur pa'i chu|A river on Deer Abode.
shin tu grub ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
shin tu gsang ba'i gzhi|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
shin tu gyen du gshegs|A buddha.
shin tu gzigs|The 994th buddha in the first list, 993rd in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
shin tu gzugs can|One of the subtle channels in the body.
shin tu khrid byed|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
shin tu legs smon|A future self-awakened one.
shin tu ma skyes pa|A forest on Forest Garlands.
shin tu mchod|Father of the buddha Janendra.
shin tu mdzes ma|Mother of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
shin tu mdzes pa rtog pa'i byang chub|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of Being Immersed in Incalculable Effort.
shin tu mdzes pa'i bkod pa|The name of a world system in the southeastern direction.
shin tu mdzes pa'i pad ma|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Manifestation of the Sublime Lotus.
shin tu mdzes pa|Attendant of the buddha Suvrata.
shin tu mdzes|A world system.
shin tu mdzes|Mother of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
shin tu mdzes|Birthplace of the buddha Creator.
shin tu mgyogs par bzhud ma|A goddess.
shin tu mi bzad ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
shin tu mi bzad pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi; one of the kings of rākṣasas.
shin tu mod pa|A hill in the town of Tosala in South India.
shin tu mtho 'dzin pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
shin tu mtho bar gshegs pa|A buddha in the distant past.
shin tu mtho ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
shin tu mthong ba|One of the five pure abodes within the realm of form.
shin tu mthong ba|A class of gods who inhabit the fourth of the “pure abodes.”
shin tu mthong ba|The second highest of the Śuddhāvāsa paradises, the highest paradises in the form realm.
shin tu mthong ba|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, fourth of the five so-called pure realms of the form realm.
shin tu mthong ba|The third highest of the Pure Abodes in the form realm; non-returners and those who have mastered the fourth meditative absorption are reborn there. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-282 .
shin tu mthong ba|Lit. “Those Who See Well.” The sixteenth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the fourth of the five Pure Abodes.
shin tu mthong|One of the five pure abodes.
shin tu mthong|Fourth of the pure abodes, meaning “extreme insight.”
shin tu mthong|The fourth of five realms associated with the fourth concentration into which only noble beings are born.
shin tu mthong|Sixteenth god realm of form, meaning “Great Vision,” it is the fourth of the five heavens that make up the “pure abodes.”
shin tu mthong|Both the foremost in terms of insight and foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
shin tu mthong|The second highest of the seventeen paradises in the form realm, and therefore the second highest of the five Śuddhāvāsika (pure abode) paradises.
shin tu mthor 'gro|Father of the buddha Ratnadhara.
shin tu mthor gshegs|The 117th buddha in the first list, 117th in the second list, and 118th in the third list.
shin tu mtho|One of the seven golden mountains that surround Mount Sumeru.
shin tu mthu rtsal stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Devaraśmi.
shin tu phra sems|A buddha.
shin tu rab gnas|A buddha realm.
shin tu rab gnas|A great bodhisattva.
shin tu rab gnas|(1) A nāga king ({rab brtan}). (2) The king of banyan trees ({shin tu rab gnas}).
shin tu rab tu gnas pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
shin tu rab tu sangs rgyas|A great bodhisattva.
shin tu rgyal dka'|Attendant of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
shin tu rgyas pa'i mdo sde|Twelfth of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
shin tu rgyas pa'i sde kon mchog brtsegs pa'i mdo|This could refer to the Ratnakūṭa collection of sūtras as it is known in the Kangyur and Chinese canons; however, as the collection is not known to have existed, as such, in earlier times, this could also be either a general term covering Mahāyāna sūtras as a category, or a synonym for the Kāśyapa parivarta.
shin tu rgyas pa'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
shin tu rgyas pa'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech,”
shin tu rgyas pa'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
shin tu rgyas pa|As an adjective for a sūtra it refers to one of the twelve classes of sūtra teaching, and refers to sūtras of great length.
shin tu rgyas pa|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means an extensive teaching on a subject.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
shin tu rgyas pa|Meaning “extremely extensive,” this is one of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures and also a common term for the Great Vehicle discourses.
shin tu rgyas pa|Literally “extensive”/“elaborate,” it is a denomination applied to a limited number of important sūtras, including the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html , the Suvarṇaprabhāsa https://read.84000.co/translation/toh556.html https://read.84000.co/translation/toh557.html, and a few others.
shin tu rgyas pa|One of the twelve branches of scripture. Literally meaning “vast” or “extensive,” it refers to a particular set of lengthy sūtras or collections of sūtras that each provide a comprehensive overview of Buddhist thought and practice. This category includes individual works such as the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html and collections such as the Mahā sannipāta, Buddhāvataṃsaka, Ratnakūta, and Prajñāpāramitā.
shin tu rnam dul|Attendant of the buddha Vidyutketu.
shin tu rnam par 'byed pa|A great bodhisattva.
shin tu rnam par 'byed|Attendant of the buddha Guṇaratna.
shin tu rnam par 'byes pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vibhaktatejas.
shin tu rnam par bltas pa|A past buddha realm where the buddha Dīptavīrya resided.
shin tu rnam par bsgoms pa|A buddha realm.
shin tu rnam par dag pa'i blo|Father of the buddha Bodhana.
shin tu rnam par dag pa|A buddha realm.
shin tu rnam par dag pa|“Utterly, Completely Pure,” the name of this world when it will be the buddha realm of Pūrna Maitrāyaṇī putra when he is Buddha Dharmaprabhāsa.
shin tu rnam par gdon mi za bar pad mo rab tu rgyas pa'i sku|Suniścita padma phullitagātra (Lotus Body Blooming with Utter Certainty) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Avaivartika cakra nirghoṣā.
shin tu rnam par gnon pa grags mchog dpal|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Joyous Delights.
shin tu rnam par gnon pa'i dpal|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
shin tu rnam par grol ba'i rin po che la rab tu gnas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānakośa.
shin tu rnam par gzigs pa'i ye shes dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
shin tu rnam par lta ba'i myig|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
shin tu rnam par nges pa'i ri bo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prajñādatta.
shin tu rnam par nges pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
shin tu rnam par phye ba'i blo gros|One of the bodhisattvas who received from the Buddha a prophecy of his future awakening.
shin tu rnam par phye ba'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Vajra.
shin tu rnam par phye ba|A buddha realm above this world.
shin tu rnam par phye ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
shin tu rnam par phye ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Source of All Good Qualities/ Source of All Attributes of Good Qualities.
shin tu rno ba'i mig|A bodhisattva.
shin tu rtsal kyis rnam par gnon pa|A great bodhisattva.
shin tu sbyang dka' ba|The fifth bodhisattva level.
shin tu sbyang dka' ba|Lit. “Invincible.” The fifth level of accomplishment pertaining to bodhisattvas. See “ten bodhisattva levels.”
shin tu sbyang dka'|The fifth bodhisattva bhūmi.
shin tu sbyang dka'|The name of a bodhisattva stage.
shin tu sbyangs dka' ba|The fifth ground of the bodhisattvas.
shin tu sbyangs pa'i lus|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Deva.
shin tu sbyangs pa|One of the seven limbs of enlightenment.
shin tu sbyangs pa|Fifth of the seven branches of enlightenment.
shin tu sbyangs pa|A state in which body and mind engage with ease in virtuous activities.
shin tu sbyangs pa|A mental factor that renders the mind capable of pursuing virtuous factors.
shin tu sbyangs pa|A state in which one is empowered to employ the body and mind in virtuous activities.
shin tu sbyangs|The daughter of a courtesan in another world in the distant past. A previous life of Gopā. The name as given in verse. In prose she is called Sucalita rati prabhāsa śrī.
shin tu snyan pa'i gtam dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha.
shin tu so sor yang dag par gnas pa|A buddha realm.
shin tu spobs pa|Attendant of the buddha Arciṣmat.
shin tu sprul pa|The name of an eon (kalpa).
shin tu sprul pa|A past buddha realm where the buddha Infinite Light resided.
shin tu spyangs pa|Fifth among the branches of perfect awakening (Skt. sambodhyaṅga); a condition of calm, clarity, and composure in mind and body that serves as an antidote to negativity and confers a mental and physical capacity that facilitates meditation and virtuous action.
shin tu sra ba|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twentieth week.
shin tu thar pa|Attendant of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.
shin tu thugs gzhungs|The 725th buddha in the first list, 724th in the second list, and 714th in the third list.
shin tu tsha ba|One of the eight hot hells.
shin tu yang dag brtags kyi go cha|A buddha.
shin tu yang dag brtags kyi go cha|A great bodhisattva.
shin tu yang dag gzigs|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍhadharma.
shin tu yang dag zhugs kyi rgyal po|A buddha.
shin tu yang dag zhugs pa|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
shin tu yang dag zhugs|One of “the sixteen excellent men.”
shin tu yang dag zhugs|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
shin tu yangs pa|A buddha realm.
shin tu yangs pa|A pool in Swan Forest.
shin tu yid du 'ong ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
shin tu yid du 'ong ba|Literally “Extremely Attractive.” The lord of the gandharvas present at this discourse.
shin tu yid gzhungs|Son of the buddha Daśaraśmi.
shin tu yongs su bsgrags dpal|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Unsubdued by Others.
shin tu zhi ba'i gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Śānta.
shin tu zhi|Father of the buddha Praśānta.
shing 'dzeg gi shing lta bu'i mdo|A sūtra in the section of the path in the Saṃyuktāgama, which corresponds to SĀc 619, SN 47.19, etc.
shing 'gying ba|A forest at Shining Jewel Light.
shing 'o ma can|Identified in the Mahābhārata and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html as a variety of date tree.
shing a pa marga|Achyrantes aspera.
shing a pa ra dzi ta|Clitoria ternatea.
shing a sho ka|Saraca asoca. The aromatic blossoms are clustered together as orange, yellow, and red bunches of petals.
shing a shwad tha|Ficus religiosa according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
shing arka|Calotropis gigantea.
shing bal gyi 'da' ba can|A village.
shing bal|For definition, see “shrub cotton”.
shing chen po|(1) A forest in Dwelling in Excellent View ({shing chen po}). (2) A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit ({ljon shing}).
shing drung na gnas pa|One of a number of lifestyles that Buddhist monks might adopt, it is particularly conducive to practicing meditation and is thus associated with monks who valued meditation as an integral part of their lives as ascetics.
shing drung|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
shing gi lha|A class of spirit being.
shing gi rgyal po|A generic term for a tree under which a tathāgata sits and a synonym for the Bodhi tree.
shing gi rgyal po|In chapter 36 the name of a buddha in the distant past ({shing rgyal}). In chapter 44 the name of one of the future buddhas in this kalpa ({shing gi rgyal po}).
shing gi ri bo gzi brjid|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
shing gi ri bo|The fiftieth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
shing gi rna cha can|Another name of Bhavila, a half brother of Pūrṇa from Sūrpāraka.
shing gos can|A ṛṣi who became the Buddha’s disciple. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-693 .
shing gseb na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
shing ka ra hA Ta|Meyna spinosa.
shing ka ra vI ra|The wood of Nerium odorum.
shing kun|Ferula nartex, or Ferula foetida.
shing kun|Ferula nartex (Boiss.), Ferula foetida (Regel.)
shing la mu la gnas ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
shing ljon pa'i phreng ba|A grove in Dwelling in Essence of Jewels.
shing lnga pa|A lake on Equal Peaks.
shing mya ngan tshang|A showy tree (Saraca indica) of the family Leguminosae of tropical Asia that is cultivated for its orange scarlet flowers and is used to decorate temples.
shing nya gro dha'i kun dga' ra ba|A grove of banyan trees (Skt. nyagrodha, Tib. {nya gro dha}) near Kapilavastu where the Buddha sometimes took residence. It was a gift to the Buddhist community by King Śuddhodana, the father of the Buddha.
shing nya gro dha|A tree, Ficus benghalensis, native to the Indian subcontinent, that can cover large areas by putting down aerial roots that become subsidiary trunks.
shing pa la sha|Butea frondosa.
shing pi lu dang ldan ma|One of the great piśācīs.
shing pi pa la gnas pa|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
shing rgyal|In chapter 36 the name of a buddha in the distant past ({shing rgyal}). In chapter 44 the name of one of the future buddhas in this kalpa ({shing gi rgyal po}).
shing rta 'dren pa'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Rāhu sūrya garbha.
shing rta bcu pa'i bu|“The son of Daśaratha” is actually Rāma. At the point in the Kāraṇḍavyūha where Nārāyaṇa, really Viṣṇu, rescues the kṣatriyas, he is inexplicably called by this name, which may reference a Rāma story. Rāma came to be viewed as one of the ten incarnations of Nārāyaṇa.
shing rta bcu pa|One of the emperors of the royal Ikṣvāku line.
shing rta bzang po|A great bodhisattva.
shing rta bzang|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
shing rta chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dhārmika.
shing rta chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jagadraśmi (233 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
shing rta dbang po|Father of the buddha Kathendra.
shing rta dga'|Son of the buddha Supraṇaṣṭamoha.
shing rta gtong ba'i pad ma'i snying po dpal|A yakṣa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shing rta gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Susthita.
shing rta kun 'gro|A lake near Sudharma.
shing rta ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
shing rta rna|A species of tree; Vatica robusta.
shing rta sbyin|A future solitary buddha.
shing rta skal ldan chen po|A buddha in the past.
shing rta sna tshogs can gyi tshal|One of the four heavenly groves outside the city of Sudarśana on Mount Meru. It owes its name to the fact that it was constructed by the king of the gandharvas, Citraratha (“He Who Has a Brightly-Colored Chariot”), for Kubera, king of yakṣas and god of wealth.
shing rta sna tshogs can|“The Garden of Chariots”; one of the four parks in Sudarśana city, home of Śakra (Indra) and his thirty-two gods, located on the summit of Mount Meru.
shing rta sna tshogs kyi tshal|(1) A forest on the eastern face of Sumeru. (2) Śakra’s arsenal.
shing rta sna tshogs na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
shing rta sna tshogs pa'i tshal|(1) A forest on the eastern face of Sumeru. (2) Śakra’s arsenal.
shing rta sna tshogs pa|A forest in Living on the Peak.
shing rta'i yan lag|A buddha in the past.
shing rtas rgyal|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shing sA la chen po|This can refer either to the sal (or sala) tree (Shorea robusta) or to a great (mahā) household (śāla). The Buddha was said to have been born and died beneath a sāla tree.
shing sA la chen po|An adjectival phrase typically linked to a brahmin, kṣatriya, or other upper-caste family, it denotes that the person in question has a large and prosperous household, family, or clan.
shing sA la zung|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
shing sA la|A hardwood tree, Shorea robusta, widespread on the Indian subcontinent.
shing sA la|Usually identified as Shorea robusta, this is known as the kind of tree under which the Buddha was born and passed away.
shing sa la|Usually identified as Shorea robusta, known as the kind of tree under which the Buddha was born and passed away.
shing sa pa'i tshal|A forest located to the north of the city of Ujjayinī. The śiṃśapā is identified as the tree D albergia sissoo or Indian Rosewood in the Atharva Veda (Monier-Williams 1069.3).
shing sha ma|Prosopis spicigera or Mimosa suma.
shing shal ma la'i tshal chen|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
shing shir sha'i phug|Caves on the northern border of the Middle Country in a past eon.
shing shir sha|Equivalent to Albizia lebbeck according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
shing shun can|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shing shun|Cloth made from the bark of the valkala tree was worn by Indian ascetics but forbidden to Buddhist monks and nuns.
shing skam bsdus pa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
shing sring ga ta ga|The name of several types of tree.
shing ta ma la|A specific kind of mangosteen.
shing thag bzang po|A buddha realm.
shing thags can|Maudgalyāyana’s birthplace.
shing thams cad kyi me tog rgyas par bde bar gnas pa|A goddess of the night at the bodhimaṇḍa.
shing u dum ba ra|Ficus Glomerata according to the Pandanus Database of Plants.
shing yongs 'du sa brtol|A flowering tree that grows in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, with flowers that can be seen from fifty leagues away and a fragrance that can be smelled from one hundred leagues away. The blossoms of this tree delight the gods of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, who eagerly watch and rejoice in each stage of their development. The kovidāra tree is glossed as Bauhinia variegata, which also bears the common names “orchid tree” or “purple orchid tree.” The Sanskrit name of this tree indicates that it is a “purple orchid tree” (kovidāra) for either “one who circumambulates” or “one who goes on pilgrimage” (pāriyātraka).
shir sha|Acacia sirissa (Monier-Williams).
shis pa'i chu|(1) A river in the Swan Forest ({shis pa'i chu}). (2) A river in Godānīya ({chu bzang}).
shlo ka|The term usually refers to a unit of metrical verse, most commonly in Sanskrit literature a couplet of two sixteen-syllable lines (pāda) each of which can be subdivided into two half-lines of eight syllables. In the Tibetan translations a śloka is usually rendered as a four-line verse. However, the term is also used (especially in catalogues of canonical works) as a unit measuring the length of texts written in prose or in a mixture of prose and verse, in which case it simply measures thirty-two syllables. The titles of the principal Prajñā pāramitā sūtras, most of which are written in prose, identify them by including mention of their length in ślokas, usually translated in English as “in nnn lines.” The original titles, even in their long form, include only the number itself, and that this refers to the length in ślokas is by convention inferred.
sho bha dzna|Moringa oleifera.
sho na ka|Oroxylum indicum.
shrIH|One of the epithets of Lakṣmī.
shri sha|Acacia sirissa.
shu ba|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
shu dag|Acorus calamus; sweet flag.
shu dag|The medicinal plant Acorus calamus.
shu ko|According to the Pāli Canon, a young man of the brahmin caste, son of the brahmin Taudeya (Pāli: Todeyya) of Tudigāma. He converted to Buddhism after hearing a discourse by the Buddha.
shu kra|The word śukra may also refer to the female sexual fluid.
shu kra|Resplendent or clear liquid; here, referring specifically to the seminal drop residing at the crown of all human bodies.
shu la|Reincarnation of Damaśrī, prince living in the past at the time of the buddha Merugandha.
shu ma phyi ma'i mtha'|A region in South India.
shu ra se|A country south of modern Delhi.
shu ti|Lit. “having one hundred flowers,” Monier-Williams notes this term is used in the Āyurvedic work Suśrutasaṃhitā to denote the plant Anethum sowa, also known as dill.
shud dha sing ha|Indian editor of the sūtra.
shug pa|Son of the buddha Gandhahastin.
shug pa|Also known as Wild Himalayan Cherry, Sour Cherry, and Costus Speciosus.
shugs 'chang|A buddha.
shugs 'chang|A māra; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
shugs 'chang|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Madhuvaktra.
shugs 'chang|The 590th buddha in the first list, 589th in the second list, and 583rd in the third list.
shugs 'dor|The 995th buddha in the first list, 994th in the second list, and 985th in the third list.
shugs 'dzin|A nāga king.
shugs 'od zhi gnas dbyangs kyi rgyal|The ninety-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
shugs bcu|The 368th buddha in the first list, 367th in the second list, and 362nd in the third list.
shugs brtan 'dzin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sundarapārśva.
shugs chen 'dzin|A bodhisattva.
shugs chen po 'dzin pa|A garuḍa lord. Also called Mahā bala vega sthāma.
shugs chen|A bodhisattva.
shugs dang ldan pa|A river to the south of Jambudvīpa.
shugs dga'|Son of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita locana.
shugs drag 'dzin pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
shugs drag stobs chen|Lord of the garuḍas. Also called Mahāvegadhārin.
shugs drag|A nāga king.
shugs gnas ye shes ldan|The 792nd buddha in the first list, 791st in the second list, and 781st in the third list.
shugs kyi blo gros|A king.
shugs kyi rgyal blo|The twenty-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
shugs kyis 'khyig par len pa la dga' ba|A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shugs la thogs pa med pa|“Unimpeded Power.” The name of a cakravartin’s precious wheel.
shugs ldan ma|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shugs ldan|A nāga king.
shugs ma nyams pa|A great wind king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
shugs mnga' ba|A buddha in the distant past.
shugs mthungs pa med pa|A bodhisattva; former incarnation of the Buddha.
shur pa ra ka|A certain town (or sometimes two different towns) during the time of the Buddha.
si tA|A river in Jambudvīpa.
si tA|The river Śītā, also spelled Sītā (personified).
si ta|A river.
si ta|Sacred river in India.
si ta|Unidentified river. Tibetan texts refer to the source of the Indus by this name.
si tu paN chen chos kyi 'byung gnas|The editor of the Degé Kangyur (1700–1774).
si tu paN chen|Tibetan polymath, founder of Palpung (dpal spungs) Monastery (1700–1774).
sil snyan rnam pa lnga|A traditional Indian classification of musical instruments enumerates non-membranous percussion, membranous percussion, wind-blown, plucked string, and bowed string.
sil snyan rnam pa sna tshogs kyi sgra dang ldan pa|A forest in Engaging in Clarification.
sil snyan thams cad kun nas mtho ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Boundless Melody.
sil snyan yan lag lnga|A traditional Indian classification of musical instruments enumerates non-membranous percussion, membranous percussion, wind-blown, plucked string, and bowed string.
sin dhu|One of the charnel grounds.
sin dhu|Sindh (the country around the Indus).
sin du ba ra|Vitex negundo. A member of the verbena family. Also known in English as the Chinese chaste tree, the five-leaved chaste tree, and horseshoe vitex.
sin du gi ri|Lit. “The Mountain of Sindhu.” A king of the ancient Darada kingdom, which lay in the Gilgit region of larger Kashmir, the mountainous area through which the river Indus (Sindhu) flows.
sin du'i yul|An area located in present day Pakistan.
sin du|A river.
sing ga la|Another name of Laṅkā.
sing ga la|One of the eight yakṣa generals.
sing gha la|Sri Laṅka, formerly Ceylon. The Rāmāyaṇa epic specified that Laṅka is inhabited by rākṣasas. Siṃhala was the name by which Laṅka was referred to in the Mahābhārata. The indigenous Buddhist population and their language is still called Singhalese.
sing ha la|The island of Lanka.
sing ha la|Present-day Śrī Laṅkā; the capital city of this island.
sit|In Indian culture, the sound expressive of sexual excitement or pleasure.
ska ba dpal brtsegs|The editor of this discourse.
ska ba dpal brtsegs|A famous Tibetan translator and monk of the eighth to the ninth century.
ska ba dpal brtsegs|One of the greatest Tibetan translators. He lived in the eighth to ninth century. Also known as Paltsek Rakṣita. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-058-006.html#UT22084-058-006-827 .
skabs 'byed pa'i las|Literally means “open an opportunity”; it refers to the pravāraṇa, or the “lifting of restrictions” ceremony held at the end of each summer rains retreat, in which monks are given an “opportunity,” otherwise prohibited, to oppose and debate what was heard, seen, or suspected while undertaking a rains retreat.
skad byings|Literally, “verbal root,” with “root” ({byings}) being a grammatical term for the word stem that forms the basis of a word. Here it refers to the Buddha’s derivation of the word bhikṣu from the term for “ornament.”
skad cig ma gcig gis mngon par rtogs pa|Seventh of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
skad cig|A unit of time; ten kṣaṇas equals one muhūrta.
skad dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Surūpa (92 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skad gsar chad|The ninth-century revision and codification of translational equivalents and procedure in Tibet. It was undertaken during the reigns of Senalek ({sad na legs}, d. 815 ᴄᴇ) and Ralpachen ({ral pa can}, r. 815–838) and resulted in the Mahāvyutpatti and Drajor Bampo Nyipa ({sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa}), the very influential manuals of translation from Sanskrit to Tibetan.
skad kyi dbyangs can|A river on Saṅkāśa.
skad kyi sgra|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
skad snyan ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
skad snyan ma|Mother of the buddha Rativyūha.
skad snyan|One of the kinnara kings.
skad snyan|Son of the buddha Garjitasvara.
skad snyan|Attendant of the buddha Yajñasvara.
skad snyan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇasañcaya.
skag|Seventh lunar asterism.
skag|The name of a nakṣatra.
skag|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Alpha Hydrae in the occidental tradition.
skal 'dod ma|Mother of the buddha Satya.
skal 'dod|Son of the buddha Maṇiprabha.
skal ba 'dra ba|“One’s fortune” in this phrase refers to the realm of birth (gati) that one experiences currently or will experience in the future as the maturation of karma, both positive and negative.
skal bzang po|The 643rd buddha in the first list, 642nd in the second list, and 634th in the third list.
skal bzang yod chen po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
skal bzang|Son of the buddha Pūjya.
skal bzhed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arthakīrti (261 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skal ldan 'dod ma|Mother of the buddha Rāhudeva.
skal ldan 'dod|Father of the buddha Anupamarāṣṭra.
skal ldan 'od|Mother of the buddha Puruṣadatta.
skal ldan 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ugra.
skal ldan dga'|Mother of the buddha Ūrṇa.
skal ldan nga ro|Mother of the buddha Guṇamālin.
skal ldan shing rta|Son of the buddha Jñānaśrī.
skal ldan shing rta|Mother of the buddha Rāhudeva.
skal ldan shing rta|“Fortunate Chariot,” an epithet of the Ganges.
skal ldan shing rta|Another name for Mahābhāgīratha, a buddha in the past.
skal ldan shing rta|The 315th buddha in the first list, 314th in the second list, and 309th in the third list.
skal ldan shing rta|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samudradatta (496 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skal pa bzang po|The current time period, thus named because a thousand buddhas will manifest during this eon.
skal pa bzang po|Our present eon in which over a thousand buddhas will appear. The meaning is “good” because of the number of buddhas that will appear. In the sūtra, it is usually called bhadraka.
skal pa grangs med pa|Literally an “incalculable eon,” though precise numbers are given for its duration. The Abhidharmakośa https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html states that its name does not mean that it is in fact incalculable. The number of years in this eon differs in various sūtras. For example, it is said to be 10 to the power of 49, or 10 to the power of 63 years. Also, twenty intermediate eons (antarakalpa) are said to be one asaṃkhyeya eon, and four asaṃkhyeya eons are said to form one great eon (mahākalpa). In that case those four asaṃkhyeya eons represent the eons of the creation, presence, destruction, and absence of a world. However, it is also used, as apparently in this sūtra, to refer to the longest of all eons, including all others.
skal shing rta|The 950th buddha in the first list, 949th in the second list, and 940th in the third list.
skal yod|A deity.
skar 'od can|Mother of the buddha Pūjya.
skar 'od skyong|The name of a brahmin youth who appears in the Buddhist Jātakas.
skar 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Suprabha.
skar 'od|Refers to the king Jyotiṣprabha in verse.
skar 'od|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
skar 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnadeva.
skar 'od|The 711th buddha in the first list, 710th in the second list, and 700th in the third list.
skar 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmeśvara (107 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skar 'phreng|An asura city.
skar 'phreng|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
skar bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Praśāntagati.
skar ldan|Son of the buddha Śreṣṭha.
skar m'i rgyal po|Name of a tathāgata.
skar ma dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Velāma.
skar ma la dga' ba|A bodhisattva.
skar ma la dga' ba|Name of a buddha.
skar ma la dga' ba|A sage, originally a devotee of Maheśvara.
skar ma la dga' ba|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
skar ma la dga' ba|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
skar ma la ni dgyes|The 757th buddha in the first list, 756th in the second list, and 746th in the third list.
skar ma lta bu|The name of an Eon in the future.
skar ma lta bu|Lit. “Starlike.” Name of a future eon.
skar ma lta bu|An eon following the eon called Great Renown, during which time eighty thousand ministers of the universal monarch Vast Mind (a previous incarnation of the buddha Dīpaṅkara) will awaken to buddhahood.
skar ma mar me snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Shining Gem.
skar ma mdog|A precious gem that, when cut, shows a luminous star shape. This includes such gems as star sapphires, star rubies, and star topazes. In some Kangyurs written incorrectly as {sgra snang ba} and with a wide variety of other spelling renditions. Jyotīrasa is translated as {skar ma mdog} in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html (Toh 113, Saddharma puṇḍarīka).
skar ma sa ga|The southwestern constellation symbolizing earth.
skar ma snang ba|A precious gem that, when cut, shows a luminous star shape. This includes such gems as star sapphires, star rubies, and star topazes. In some Kangyurs written incorrectly as {sgra snang ba} and with a wide variety of other spelling renditions. Jyotīrasa is translated as {skar ma mdog} in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html (Toh 113, Saddharma puṇḍarīka).
skar ma snang|Birthplace of the buddha Sudarśana.
skar ma'i 'od|A deva in Brahmā’s paradise.
skar ma'i 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
skar ma'i 'od|Attendant of the buddha Asaṅgakīrti.
skar ma'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
skar ma'i 'od|A king in another world in the distant past. A past life of King Śuddhodana. Also called Jyotiḥprabha in verse.
skar ma'i dbang phyug rgyal po|A buddha in an eastern realm.
skar ma'i rgyal mtshan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
skar ma'i rgyal mtshan|One of the three main varieties of chrysoberyl, the third-hardest gemstone. The cat’s-eye gem (cymophane) is light green or yellow and contains the distinctive appearance of a band of light, resembling a cat’s eye. It has been mined since ancient times in India and particularly in Sri Lanka. Jyoti can mean both “light” and “star,” and in describing this jewel the Sanskrit more likely means “banner of light.” However, the Tibetan translates the term as “banner of stars.”
skar ma'i rgyal po 'od rab tu snang ba'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
skar ma'i rgyal po dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one King of Sāla.
skar ma'i rgyal po me tog kun tu rgyas pa mngon par shes pa|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching. Known only from this sūtra.
skar ma'i rgyal po tshogs kyi bdag po|A buddha.
skar ma'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
skar ma'i rgyal po|Literally “King of Constellations.” A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
skar ma'i skabs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi (540 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skar ma'i|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyaraśmi.
skar ma|A class of demons.
skar ma|One of the grahas.
skar ma|Son of the buddha Pradīparāja.
skar ma|The name of various mythical beings.
skar ma|Attendant of the buddha Niyatabuddhi.
skar mda sgron ma|A buddha.
skar mda sgron ma|A great bodhisattva.
skar mda' 'chang|Mother of the buddha Subuddhi.
skar mda' 'chang|Attendant of the buddha Dharmakūṭa.
skar mda' 'chang|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Madhuvaktra.
skar mda' 'dod|Attendant of the buddha Supakṣa.
skar mda' 'dzin|A buddha.
skar mda' 'dzin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anupama.
skar mda' 'od|Son of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
skar mda' 'phag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas.
skar mda' sgron ma|A buddha.
skar mda' sgron ma|A great bodhisattva.
skar mda'i gdong|A son of King Ikṣuvāku.
skar mda'|A buddha realm.
skar mdog|Name of an eon (kalpa).
skar mdog|Mother of the buddha Pradīpa.
skar mdog|Son of the buddha Amoghadarśin.
skar mdog|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
skar mkhan 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Laḍitakṣetra.
skar mkhan grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
skar mkhan mkhas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jīvaka.
skar mkhan rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Citraraśmi.
skar mkhan|Son of the buddha Sūryagarbha.
skar mkhan|Son of the buddha Praśāntagati.
skar mkhan|Son of the buddha Trailokyapūjya.
skar mkhan|Attendant of the buddha Brahmaruta.
skar mkhan|Son of the buddha Ananta guṇa tejorāśi.
skar mkhan|The 123rd buddha in the first list, 123rd in the second list, and 124th in the third list.
skar rgyal bshes gnyen|Father of the buddha Guṇadhvaja.
skar rgyal|Attendant of the buddha Maṇicandra.
skar rgyal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kāśyapa.
skar rgyal|The 687th buddha in the first list, 686th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
skar rgyal|A buddha in the past. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-5367 .
skar rgyal|Alternative name for Śāriputra, as he was born in the month of the constellation Tiṣya. He was also called Upatiṣya.
skar rgyal|Lokāyata philosopher from Dakṣiṇa who bested Māṭhara in debate and was offered the hand of Māṭhara’s daughter, Śārikā. Father of Upatiṣya (aka Śāriputra).
skar|Deities associated with the stars.
skar|A lunar asterism, often personified as a semidivine being.
ske tshe|Brassica juncea.
skem byed ma|One of the great mātṛs.
skem byed|A city.
skem byed|A class of demons that cause emaciation.
skem byed|The demon who causes drought or makes children ill.
skem byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
skem byed|An epithet of Kārttikeya; also the name of Kārttikeya as one of the grahas.
skem byed|Hindu god of war, leader of the demons that cure illness in children, and god of thieves.
skem pa|A class of demons that cause emaciation.
skem pa|A demon believed to be responsible for tuberculosis.
skem pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
skom gyi gtsang sbyor|One of several official administrative or managerial positions at a monastery.
skor byed|A future solitary buddha.
sko|The Gaṇḍa vyūha uses the same terminology as the Jain text Tandulaveyāliyua and differs from other sūtras. In the Nanda garbhāvakranti nirdeśa sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh57.html, arbuda is translated as {mer mer po}.
skra 'dra|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
skra bzang ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; one of the great yakṣiṇīs.
skra bzang|One of the ancient kings; also, another name for the king Vallabha.
skra bzang|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
skra can ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
skra can ma|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
skra can ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
skra can ma|One of the four retinue goddesses of Siddhaikavīra; also of Arapacana.
skra can|One of the asuras.
skra can|A rākṣasī known only from this sūtra.
skra la za ba|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
skra ldan ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
skra ldan ma|Young woman appointed by King Śākya Suprabuddha to look after the hair of his daughters Mahā māyā and Māyā (the Buddha’s mother and aunt, respectively).
skra me 'bar ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
skra mthar byed ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
skra mthar byed|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
skra shad 'dzings pa dang bya khwa yod pa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
skra sngon po|Name of a yakṣa.
skrag byed gzugs can|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
skrag byed|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
skrag med|Father of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
skrangs|A swelling, tumor, or morbid intumescence.
skran|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination. According to Monier-Williams, this is a chronic enlargement of the spleen or any glandular enlargement.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
skras khyab pa|A piśāca.
skra|Another name for the king Vallabha.
skrod pa|A type of magical activity aiming to render a person homeless, or drive away non-human beings.
skrun byed|Son of the buddha Atibala.
skrun mdzad|The 465th buddha in the first list, 464th in the second list, and 458th in the third list. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-045-001.html#UT22084-045-001-744 .
sku 'jam pa|Fifth of the eighty minor marks.
sku 'od 'phro ba'i dkyil 'khor|A buddha in the distant past.
sku bzangs|Father of the buddha Madhura svara rāja.
sku dbyibs legs pa|Fourteenth of the eighty minor marks.
sku gser gyi kha dog can|One of the features of the Buddha‘s body.
sku gsum|The three bodies or dimensions of a buddha’s enlightenment.
sku gtsang ba|Fourth of the eighty minor marks.
sku la dri ma med cing dri mi zhim pa med pa|Thirty-fourth of the eighty minor marks.
sku la gnyer ma med pa|Literally, “unwrinkled body;” fifty-ninth of the eighty minor marks.
sku ma btud pa|Eighth of the eighty minor marks.
sku ma rnyongs pa|Fifty-seventh of the eighty minor marks.
sku mchog tu 'khrungs pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sku mdzes|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sku mi mnga' ba|A buddha.
sku mnyen pa|Sixth of the eighty minor marks.
sku mtshan gyis rnam par brgyan pa|A buddha in the distant past.
sku nyi ma dam pa|A buddha in another world in the distant past.
sku pad mo shin tu rgyas pa|Padma phullitagātra (Blooming Lotus Body) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Avaivartika cakra nirghoṣā.
sku rin po che'i pad mo shin tu rgyas pa|A buddha in the distant past.
sku rnam par mdzes pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sku shin tu dang ba|A buddha in the distant past.
sku shin tu drang por 'khrungs pa|Eighteenth of the thirty-two major marks.
sku shin tu legs par 'brel pa|Fifteenth of the eighty minor marks.
sku snum bag can|Seventh of the eighty minor marks.
sku'i spu gyen du phyogs pa|Twelfth of the thirty-two major marks.
sku'i tshigs legs par 'brel pa|Seventieth of the eighty minor marks.
skud pa'i sgo|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its fourteenth week.
skud pa|A term used here to denote a piece of string incanted with a mantra that protects whomever wears it.
skul byed chen po|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples.
skul byed ma|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
skul byed|A monk (bhikṣu) and disciple of the Buddha.
skul byed|Ordained by the Buddha in Śrāvastī; possessed of miraculous powers, he cast away all afflictive emotions and manifested arhatship.
skul byed|A pupil of the Buddha who had miraculous powers. Also said to be the younger brother of Śāriputra. There were at least three pupils of the Buddha who had the name Cunda, but in this sūtra it is Mahācunda, “Great Cunda.” Not to be confused with the layperson Cunda, who gave the Buddha his last meal.
skya bseng|One of the rival clans in the Mahābhārata.
skya rbab|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
skya reng blo gros|Name of a bodhisattva.
skya rengs|One of the grahas.
skya rengs|Aruṇa is the deity of the dawn in Indian mythology, personified as the sun’s charioteer, and the name refers to the morning star Venus, according to de Visser (1931), p. 24, n. 1. In this context, Aruṇa functions as a messenger for Ākāśagarbha.
skya reng|A buddha realm.
skya snar|Bignonia suaveolens. The Indian species of bignonia. They have trumpet-shaped flowers and the small trees are common throughout India.
skyabs grol|A bodhisattva.
skyabs gsum|The Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha.
skyabs gsum|The three refuges of the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṅgha.
skyabs mchog rgyal po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jīvaka.
skyabs myed pa la zas sbyin|A wealthy merchant in the town of Śrāvastī who became a patron of the Buddha Śākyamuni. He bought Prince Jeta’s park, the Jetavana, to be the Buddha’s first monastery, a place where the monks could stay during the monsoon. Although his Sanskrit name is Anāthapiṇḍada, he is better known in the West by the alternative form Anāthapiṇḍika. Both mean “one who gives food to the destitute.” Pali: Anāthapiṇḍika.
skyabs su 'gro ba gsum|Refuge taken in the Buddha, his teaching, and the assembly of followers.
skyabs|A reference to the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha, the “Three Jewels of Refuge.”
skye ba gcig gis thogs gyur cing byin gyis rlob|A kind of absorption.
skye ba gcig gis thogs pa|A term for a bodhisattva held back from buddhahood by only a single remaining lifetime, as exemplified by Maitreya.
skye ba las rnam par log pa'i byin gyi rlabs|A kind of absorption.
skye ba med pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
skye ba med pa|Without arising, without beginning, unborn.
skye ba med pa|The state of not having arisen, begun, or been born.
skye ba mngon par grub|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twenty-sixth week.
skye ba po|Son of the buddha Vilocana.
skye ba sna tshogs pa|A nāga.
skye ba zad|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ugratejas.
skye ba'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
skye ba'i dbang pos byin|Son of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
skye ba'i dbang po|Son of the buddha Kusuma.
skye ba'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Pūrṇacandra.
skye ba'i khyu mchog|Son of the buddha Sucīrṇabuddhi.
skye ba'i mchod rten|Son of the buddha Subuddhi.
skye ba'i mchod rten|Mother of the buddha Suvayas.
skye ba'i tshul snang bar byed par grags pa|Son of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
skye bar tshim byed|Name of a bodhisattva.
skye ba|The eleventh link of dependent origination.
skye ba|Eleventh of the twelve links of dependent origination.
skye ba|The eleventh of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
skye ba|The four types of birth are birth from a womb, birth from an egg, birth from warmth and moisture, and miraculous birth.
skye bcil ba|The sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
skye bo dad pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prasanna (939 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skye bo dga' ba|Son of the buddha Lokaprabha.
skye bo dga' ba|Birthplace of the buddha Janendra.
skye bo dga' mdzad|The 830th buddha in the first list, 829th in the second list, and 819th in the third list.
skye bo dga'|Son of the buddha Vibodhana.
skye bo dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Śrīgarbha.
skye bo dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maṇiprabha.
skye bo kun snyoms|Brahmin who was reborn as Airāvaṇa.
skye bo mang po la bsod nams kyi rnam par smin pa dag par sgra sgrogs pa|A prince.
skye bo mang po mngon par dga' zhing mya ngan med pa'i nga ro|A universal monarch.
skye bo phal po che'i tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.
skye bo rnams mngon par dga' ba|A pond on Equal Peaks.
skye bo thams cad dga' ba|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
skye bo thams cad rjes su 'jug pa|Name of a prostitute in a story Buddha tells.
skye bo thams cad sreg pa|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
skye bo thams cad|A town in Videha.
skye bo'i dbang po|A great bodhisattva.
skye bo'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Satyaruta.
skye bo'i mchod rten|Father of the buddha Jñānaśrī.
skye bo'i mchod rten|Attendant of the buddha Pārthiva.
skye bo'i mchod rten|Mother of the buddha Abhyudgataśrī.
skye bo'i mchod rten|Birthplace of the buddha Jyeṣṭhadatta.
skye bo'i mchod rten|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padma.
skye bo'i mchod rten|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthitabuddhi (156 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skye bo'i mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇya.
skye bo'i mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śrī.
skye bos mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suvrata.
skye dbang lha|Son of the buddha Dhārmika.
skye dbang mtshungs|The 155th buddha in the first list, 154th in the second list, and 154th in the third list.
skye dbang mtshungs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vāsanottīrṇa gati.
skye dbang mtshungs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vimalaprabha (477 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skye dbang rgyal po|The 975th buddha in the first list, 974th in the second list, and 965th in the third list.
skye dbang|Son of the buddha Kusumadeva.
skye dbang|Attendant of the buddha Anunnata.
skye dbang|Father of the buddha Kusumanetra.
skye dbang|The 311th buddha in the first list, 310th in the second list, and 305th in the third list.
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo gau ta mI|The Buddha’s aunt and the first ordained nun.
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo gau ta mI|The Buddha Śākyamuni’s maternal aunt who became the first female renunciant in the Buddhist monastic order.
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo gau ta mI|Siddhārtha Gautama’s aunt, who raised him following his mother’s death and who later became the first woman to go forth as a member of Buddha Śākyamuni’s monastic saṅgha. Also rendered here as “Mahā prajāpatī.”
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo gau ta mI|The Buddha’s mother’s sister and his step-mother. She was the mother of Nanda. She became the first bhikṣuṇī after the death of the Buddha’s father. Gautamī is the family name, the female equivalent to Gautama. The family line is said to descend from the Gautama who was one of the seven rishis that established the religion and culture of India. His sūtra specifies that a renunciant should be called a bhikṣu, have a shaved head, and wear yellow robes. Also rendered here simply as “Mahāprajāpatī.”
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo|The Buddha’s aunt and stepmother, who became the first nun.
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo|The maternal aunt and adoptive mother of the Buddha as well as the first woman to be ordained.
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo|The step-mother and maternal aunt of Śākyamuni Buddha who became a nun (bhikṣuṇī) and his disciple.
skye dgu'i bdag mo chen mo|Siddhārtha Gautama’s aunt, who raised him following his mother’s death and who later became the first woman to go forth as a member of Buddha Śākyamuni’s monastic saṅgha. Also rendered here as “Mahā prajāpatī.”
skye dgu'i bdag po|A god.
skye dgu'i bdag po|Name of a god (deva).
skye dgu'i bdag po|A legendary king before the time of the Buddha.
skye dgu'i bdag po|One of the five goddesses personifying the five “hooks of gnosis.”
skye dgu'i bdag po|The “lord of creatures,” a Hindu god presiding over procreation and the protector of life.
skye dgu'i dbang phyug|The Vedic deity associated with the creation of humanity and the human world.
skye gu'i bdag po|A god.
skye gu'i bdag po|The mythical preceptor of the gods.
skye ldan|Son of the buddha Pūrṇacandra.
skye ldan|Attendant of the buddha Pramodyakīrti.
skye mched bcu gnyis|These comprise six inner sense fields and six outer sense fields. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-148 and respective glossary entries.
skye mched bcu nyis|Twelve collections of similar dharmas under which all compounded and uncompounded dharmas may be included: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind, and their objects—visible forms, sounds, smells, flavors, tangibles, and dharmas.
skye mched drug|The fifth of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
skye mched drug|Each field comprises one of the six senses with its respective sense-consciousness and the range of objects accessible to it.
skye mched drug|The five senses and their objects, plus the mind and phenomena known to the mind. Together they comprise the fifth of the twelve links of dependent origination.
skye mched drug|The six sense organs of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, tactile sense, and mind, together with their respective objects of forms, sounds, smells, flavors, tactile objects, and mental objects. See also “sense source.”
skye mched drug|Fifth of the twelve links of dependent origination, it consists of the six sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and thinking mind) together with their respective objects (forms, sounds, smells, tastes, touch, and dharmas).
skye mched drug|Six sets of similar dharmas under which all compounded and uncompounded dharmas may be included: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind, and their objects—visible forms, sounds, smells, flavors, tangibles, and dharmas. The fifth of the twelve parts of dependent arising. Another name for the “twelve entrances.”
skye mched kyi sgo bzang ba dag|Lit. “their gates to the sense fields are excellent;” thirty-sixth of the eighty minor marks.
skye mched rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
skye mched shin tu yongs su dag pa|Sixteenth of the eighty minor marks.
skye mched|Sometimes translated “sense field” or “base of cognition,” the term usually refers to the six sense faculties and their corresponding objects, i.e. the first twelve of the eighteen constituents (Skt. dhātus). Along with the aggregates (Skt. skandhas) and the constituents, one of the three major categories in the taxonomy of phenomena in the sūtra literature.
skye mched|The six bases of sensory perception are the six sensory faculties: the eyes, nose, ear, tongue, body, and mind, which form in the womb but as yet have no contact with the external six bases of sensory perception: form, smell, sound, taste, touch, and phenomena. In another context in this sūtra, āyatana refers to the four formless meditations (see “liberations”).
skye mched|Twelve bases of sensory perception: the six sensory faculties (the eyes, nose, ear, tongue, body, and mind), which form in the womb and eventually have contact with the external six bases of sensory perception (form, smell, sound, taste, touch, and phenomena). This can also refer to the four meditative states associated with the formless realm: (1) infinite space, (2) infinite consciousness, (3) nothingness, and (4) neither perception nor nonperception.
skye mched|The sense spheres are a collective list of the six sense objects (forms, sounds, odors, tastes, textures, mental phenomena) with their respective senses (eye, ear, nose, tongue, tactile sense, and mind) totaling twelve and indicating their interdependence. In this sūtra, they are equated to an “empty city.” This most likely denotes the fact that there is no self independent of the interaction of these or perceiver independent of the process of perception.
skye mched|The twelve sense-media are eye-medium (cakṣurāyatana), form-medium (rūpa-), ear-medium (śrotra-), sound-medium (śabda-), nose-medium (ghrāna-), scent-medium (gandha-), tongue-medium (jihvā-), taste-medium (rasa-), body-medium (kāya-), texture-medium (spraṣṭavya), mental-medium (mana-), and phenomena-medium (dharmāyatana). In some passages they are enumerated as six, the object-faculty pair being taken as one, and it is this set of six that is the fifth member of the twelve links of dependent origination. The word āyatana is usually translated as “base,” but the Skt., Tib., and Ch. all indicate “something through which the senses function” rather than a basis from which they function; hence “medium” is suggested.
skye mched|These can be listed as twelve or as six entrances (sometimes also called sense sources, sense fields, bases of cognition, or simply āyatanas):\nIn context of epistemology, it is one way of describing experience and the world in terms of twelve sense sources, which can be divided into inner and outer sense sources, namely: 1-2) eye and form, 3-4) ear and sound, 5-6) nose and odor, 7-8) tongue and taste, 9-10) body and touch, 11-12) mind and mental phenomena. (These are subsumed in the eighteen bases or elements, where to the twelve sense sources, the six consciousnesses are added.)\nIn the context of the twelve links of dependent origination, only six sense sources are mentioned and they are the inner sense sources (similar to the six faculties) of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind.
skye mchog|A demon leader.
skye med drug|Six sets of similar dharmas under which all compounded and uncompounded dharmas may be included: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind, and their objects—visible forms, sounds, smells, flavors, tangibles, and dharmas. The fifth of the twelve parts of dependent arising. Another name for the “twelve entrances.”
skyed byed|A great bodhisattva.
skyed mos tshal dga'|A forest of the asuras.
skyed mos tshal gyi mchog|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
skyed mos tshal gyi phreng ba|A grove in Supreme Strength.
skyed mos tshal|One of the auxiliary charnel grounds.
skyed pa po|A virtuous nāga king who was a bodhisattva.
skyed pa'i rim pa|The first of the two stages of tantric practice focused on the visualized development of the tantric maṇḍala and its deities and the recitation of mantra.
skyed par ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Sudarśana.
skyed pa|A virtuous nāga king.
skyes bu 'am ci|A race of beings said to live in the Himalayas who have bodies of lions and human heads.
skyes bu bzang dga'|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍha.
skyes bu chen po'i mtshan nyi shu rtsa brgyad|A variation on the more usual set of 32 such marks; this set is mentioned only in this sūtra and in three others: the Gaṇḍa vyūha (ch. 45 of Toh 44), the Tathā gatācintya guhya nirdeśa (Toh 47), and the longest Sāgara mati paripṛcchā (Toh 153). None of these texts give a list.
skyes bu chen po'i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|For their enumeration in this text, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-5641 .
skyes bu chen po'i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|The main identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, to which are added the so-called “eighty minor marks.”
skyes bu chen po'i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|The thirty-two major signs of a buddha that manifest as specific physical attributes to indicate the perfection of the awakened state of buddhahood.
skyes bu chen po'i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|Thirty-two of the 112 identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and universal monarchs, in addition to the so-called “eighty minor marks.” For a detailed list see Berzin (2012).
skyes bu chen po'i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|The set of thirty-two physical marks that identify both a buddha and a universal monarch (cakravartin); in the case of the former they indicate the perfection of the awakened state of buddhahood.
skyes bu chen po'i mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis|Thirty-two of the 112 identifying physical characteristics of both buddhas and cakravartins, in addition to the eighty excellent signs. There are significant variations found in this list from source to source. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-060-001.html#UT22084-060-001-74 .
skyes bu chen po'i rnam par rtog pa brgyad|Thinking that one will (1) eliminate the suffering of beings, (2) lead beings to wealth and affluence, (3) benefit beings with one’s own flesh and blood, (4) benefit beings even if it means remaining in the hells for a long time, and (5) never be reborn with wealth or power that does not benefit beings, that focuses solely on the ultimate, or that causes harm to beings; (6) that beings’ negative actions will ripen upon oneself, and one’s positive actions will ripen upon them; (7) that one will fulfill the wishes of beings through great worldly and supramundane riches; and (8) that one will become a buddha and thus deliver beings from suffering.
skyes bu chen po|Someone who will become a buddha or a cakravartin, whose bodies are adorned with the thirty-two major marks and the eighty minor signs.
skyes bu dam pa bcu drug|A list of sixteen bodhisattvas headed by Bhadrapāla, mentioned in many sūtras as present in the audience. Unlike many other great bodhisattvas, they are all householders. Their names are—according to https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html#UT22084-051-001-164 (Toh 113): Bhadrapāla, Ratnākara, Susārthavāha, Naradatta, Guhyagupta, Varuṇadatta, Indradatta, Uttaramati, Viśeṣamati, Vardhamānamati, Amoghadarśin, Susaṃprasthita, Su vikrānta vikrāmiṇ, Anupamamati, Sūryagarbha, and Dharaṇīṃdhara.
skyes bu dam pa brgyad po|Listed in the audience of bodhisattvas present in the retinue attending Śākyamuni. Their identity is unknown.
skyes bu dam pa rnam par rol pa|Another name of the Rāṣṭrapāla paripṛcchā sūtra.
skyes bu dam pa|An epithet for the Buddha. Also the ideal man, a good or wise man.
skyes bu zla ba|The 707th buddha in the first list, 706th in the second list, and 696th in the third list.
skyes bu zung bzhi|This refers stream enterers, once-returners, non-returners, and arhats, along with those practicing to attain the realizations of those states.
skyes bus byin|The 245th buddha in the first list, 244th in the second list, and 244th in the third list.
skyes bu|A synonym for the wood splint used as a sundial to mark time in ordination ceremonies.
skyes bu|A fundamental ontological principle of the non-Buddhist Sāṅkhya tradition, puruṣa is the basic mode of timeless awareness. When puruṣa comes into contact with prakṛti, the undifferentiated potentiality that contains all possible transformations of thought and matter, prakṛti begins a sequential unfolding of internal and external metaphysical principles, thereby creating the known world. Puruṣa remains as the eternal, passive witness to this creation, until such time as puruṣa withdraws from prakṛti, thereby ending the process of creation and manifestation.
skyes mchog dam pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
skyes mchog|The 555th buddha in the first list, 555th in the second list, and 548th in the third list.
skyes nas ma ning|Someone born with both male and female sexual organs. One of the five types of person labeled a paṇḍaka, all of whom are barred from joining the renunciate order.
skyes pa 'gyur ba'i go cha bgos pa|A great bodhisattva.
skyes pa bud med dga' ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Praśāntagati.
skyes pa dang bud med 'gyur bar mdzad|A buddha.
skyes pa rabs kyi sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
skyes pa'i rabs kyi sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
skyes pa'i rabs kyi sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
skyes pa'i rabs|Particularly the former lives of Lord Buddha.
skyes pa'i rabs|The canonical narratives of the Buddha’s previous births.
skyes pa'i rabs|The Buddha’s accounts of his own previous lifetimes, listed as one of the twelve aspects of the wheel of Dharma.
skyes pa'i rabs|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means accounts of the Buddha’s previous lifetimes.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
skyes pa|A man, a male; in Sāṃkhya philosophy this term denotes that aspect of consciousness that is separate and independent from matter. Outside of this context, puruṣa (Tib. {skyes bu}) has been translated as “man” or “human.”
skyes rabs kha lo sgyur ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vikrama.
skyes rabs kyi sde|Eighth of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
skyes rabs|A story of one of the Buddha’ s former lives.
skyes rabs|The Buddha’s accounts of his own previous lifetimes. One of the nine aspects of the Dharma according to this sūtra. More commonly there are said to be twelve that include these nine.
skyid ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṃdhi.
skyid pa'i 'byung gnas|In this ninth-century Tibetan translation, Dhanyākara is translated as “Source of Happiness.” More common is the translation {'bras spung}, meaning “Rice Heap.” The famous Gelugpa monastery Drepung takes its name from this city, which was the capital of the kingdom of the Satavahana dynasty that ruled South India from the first to third century ce. Known primarily as Dhānyakaṭaka, the present remains are in the village of Dharaṇikoṭa, a few miles from the site of the great Amarāvatī stupa, in Andhra Pradesh on the southeastern coast of India. Before 1953 this was in the state of Madras.
skyigs bu|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
skyil krung phye pa|There are two versions of ardhaparyaṅka posture—one sitting, the other dancing. In the CMT, this term refers to the former.
skyil krung phyed pa|There are two versions of the ardhaparyaṅka posture—one sitting, the other dancing.
skyil mo krung gi steng du skye ba|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
skyil mo krung|There are two versions of ardhaparyaṅka posture: the first is sitting with one foot drawn in and the other extended, and the second is dancing. Wrathful deities, such as Krodharāja, tend to assume the latter. In this posture the deity is standing on the tips of their toes with their left leg slightly bent, while the right leg, with the knee pointing to the right, kicks upward to the height of the left knee.
skyo ba med pa|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Intent on Accomplishing Aims through Steadfast Skill resides.
skyo ba|Likely a translation of udvega or a related word, {skyo ba} here refers to a kind of valorized world-weariness that stands somewhere between fear and disgust. For a study of this, though without reference to Tibetan, see Andrea Acri’s (2015) “Between Impetus, Fear and Disgust.”
skyo ma|An ocean between Godānīya and Videha.
skyo ma|An acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
skyo med 'gyur bar mdzad|A buddha.
skyob pa|Father of the buddha Sūryānana.
skyob sbyin|A bodhisattva.
skyon bral ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
skyon dang bral ba|Birthplace of the buddha Prahāṇakhila.
skyon ma mchis pa|While “immaturity” (āma, {skyon}) suggests rawness—something that is uncooked, unrefined, and flawed— here the term “maturity” implies certitude, refinement, cooking, softening, and flawlessness.
skyon med 'gyur mdzad smon lam|A buddha.
skyon med lus|Attendant of the buddha Vimalaprabha.
skyon med nga ro|Son of the buddha Āśādatta.
skyon med pa'i tshal|A forest in Moving Mind.
skyon med par gnas pa|Attendant of the buddha Baladatta.
skyon med pa|This word is also understood as equivalent to niyāma (“certain”).
skyon med rin chen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnakrama.
skyon med sbyin|Attendant of the buddha Bhasmakrodha.
skyon med sems|Mother of the buddha Padmahastin.
skyon med sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amohavihārin.
skyon med|Son of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
skyon med|Birthplace of the buddha Arajas.
skyon med|Attendant of the buddha Sadgaṇin.
skyon med|Father of the buddha Atula pratibhāna rāja.
skyon med|The 730th buddha in the first list, 729th in the second list, and 719th in the third list.
skyon med|While “immaturity” (āma, {skyon}) suggests rawness—something that is uncooked, unrefined, and flawed— here the term “maturity” implies certitude, refinement, cooking, softening, and flawlessness.
skyon rab zhi|The 144th buddha in the first list, 144th in the second list, and 144th in the third list.
skyon rnams rab tu sel|Birthplace of the buddha Adoṣa.
skyon sel pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sujāta.
skyon zhi|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇārci (222 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
skyong ba|In this case, “guardians” seems to refer to the Four Great Kings of the cardinal directions, namely, Vaiśravaṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Virūḍhaka, and Virūpākṣa, who pledged to protect the Dharma and practitioners.
skyon|This term suggests rawness—something that is uncooked, unrefined, and flawed—while “maturity” (niyāma, {skyon ma mchis pa}) implies certitude, refinement, cooking, softening, and flawlessness.
skyor chu skyes|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
skyu ru ra|Phyllanthus emblica.
skyu ru ra|Emblic myrobalan, Phyllanthus emblica.
skyu ru ra|The Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica).
skyu ru ra|The Indian gooseberry, or emblic myrobalan. The simile of an āmalakī in the palm of one’s hand is used to illustrate yogic perception (yogipratyakṣa) where the clarity aspect (compared to a crystal) is emphasized. See, e.g., Dharmottara’s Nyāyabindhuṭīkā 1.11. It is also used to illustrate omniscience, or seeing all aspects of things, probably on the analogy of being able to see through the semi-transparent skin of the berry into its interior structure.
skyug bro ba|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
skyur khu|Sour gruel.
skyur rtsi|Among other things, this term is applied to the sour fermented remainder from beer brewing, certain types of lemons, and the sour part of yogurt. Here it refers to overly sour liquids in general, such as overly fermented vinegar.
slar mi ldog pa|Name of the bhūmis from the path of seeing on, from which point there is no regression.
slas|Female attendants who normally assisted the wife of a wealthy householder.
sle tres|Tinaspora cordifolia.
slo ma lta bu|A city.
slob dpon dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Thus-Gone King, Guru of Immeasurably Many.
slob dpon dpe mkhyud|Lit. “The tight fist of the [bad] teacher.”
slob dpon gyi dpe mkhyud med pa|Literally “not being a tight-fisted teacher,” this term denotes a teacher who freely gives appropriate teachings to their disciples.
slob dpon|Teacher or master, especially a spiritual master. The term is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “ācārya.”
slob dpon|In early Buddhism, a teacher who teaches the Dharma and Vinaya to novices and new monks, and who can replace the preceptor (Skt. upādhyāya), if one loses one’s preceptor.
slob dpon|A spiritual teacher, meaning one who knows the conduct or practice (carya) to be performed. It can also be a title for a scholar, though that is not the context in this sūtra.
slob dpon|Instructor or spiritual teacher. Usually refers either to an accomplished master of meditation practice or to a learned scholar. The title of an official position in a monastery.
slob dpon|A traditional Indian title denoting a person who has authority because of superior knowledge, spiritual training, or position. In the Buddhist context, it is most often used for a scholar of great renown.
slob dpon|Along with the position of preceptor, this is one of two official positions created by the Buddha to ensure that new monks would receive sufficient training. The Buddha specified five types of instructor: instructors of novices, privy advisors, officiants, givers of instruction, and recitation instructors.
slob ma can|Son of the brahmin Agnidatta in the country of Pāṭaliputra, a monk and Tripiṭaka master whose murder at the hands of Sūrata’s disciples hastens the Dharma’s disappearance from this world.
slob pa|Those who belong to any of the first to seventh of the eight stages of spiritual achievement, the eighth being that of an arhat, who needs no further training.
slob|The state of a person who has not yet attained arhatship.
slong ldan|A captain; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
smad 'chal|Those with a particular physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
smad du med pa|Literally, “cannot be disliked.”
smad du med pa|The realm of the Buddha Protector of Glory.
smad pa med pa'i lus|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Cārulocana.
smad pa'i las|One of five types of disciplinary acts meted out by the saṅgha.
sman 'phags|A buddha realm.
sman bdag|The 915th buddha in the first list, 914th in the second list, and 905th in the third list.
sman bri ha ti|Solanum xanthocarpum.
sman chen po can|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sman chen po|A pore on Avalokiteśvara’s body.
sman chen po|Twenty-fourth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. This term is applied to a number of different medicinal herbs or herb mixtures.
sman chen|A minister who was the Buddha in a former life.
sman chen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padma.
sman chen|The 534th buddha in the first list, 534th in the second list, and 527th in the third list.
sman chen|Name of a bodhisattva, a hero of a jātaka who was a learned advisor to a king. In the Ummagga jātaka, he skillfully employs violence, but only when it is absolutely necessary to safeguard his country and its people.
sman dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.
sman gyi bla bai du rya'i 'od kyi rgyal po|The buddha of medicine.
sman gyi bla bai du rya'i 'od|Teacher of Medicine, King of Vaiḍūrya Light.
sman gyi bla vai dUrya'i 'od|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas.
sman gyi lha|A short form of the name of Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha, the Medicine Buddha.
sman gyi me tog|Son of the buddha Ratna.
sman gyi rgyal po dpal thogs pa med pa|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Possessing Immutability.
sman gyi rgyal po|Name of a bodhisattva, “King of Medicine.”
sman gyi rgyal po|“King of Medicine,” name of a bodhisattva.
sman gyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
sman gyi rgyal po|Literally “King of Medicine.” A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
sman gyi rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajrasena.
sman gyi rgyal po|Lit. “King of Healers.” In the story of Śākyamuni’s former life in this sūtra, he is the tathāgata of the universe Mahāvyūha, during the eon called Vicaraṇa, who taught Prince Candracchattra about Dharma-worship. In later Buddhism, this buddha is believed to be the supernatural patron of healing and medicine.
sman gyi rgyal|A buddha.
sman mngon bsgrags dbyangs rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
sman pa bzang po|Father of the buddha Vidyutketu.
sman pa bzang po|Attendant of the buddha Puṇyapriya.
sman pa bzang|Father of the buddha Lokasundara.
sman pa chen po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśoratna.
sman pa'i dam pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sman pa'i mchog|A great bodhisattva.
sman pa'i rgyal po'i 'tsho byed|A highly skilled healer and personal physician of Buddha Śākyamuni, he figures into many stories of the Buddha, his disciples, and other associates.
sman pa'i rgyal po|Father of the buddha Acyuta.
sman pa'i rgyal po|The last of five hundred buddhas in a kalpa in the distant future.
sman pa'i rgyal po|The 239th buddha in the first list, 238th in the second list, and 238th in the third list.
sman pa|Father of the buddha Mahendra.
sman pa|The 33rd buddha in the first list, 33rd in the second list, and 34th in the third list.
sman pu skar mU la|Inula racemosa.
sman rgyal|The 536th buddha in the first list, 536th in the second list, and 529th in the third list.
sman sbyin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dhārmika.
sman yang dag 'phags la sogs pa|Name of a bodhisattva, “Medicine-Risen Up.”
sman yang dag 'phags|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
sman yang dag 'phags|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
sman yang dag byung|A bodhisattva.
sman yang dag byung|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
sman yon chen po|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twenty-seventh week.
sman|A buddha.
sman|A great bodhisattva.
sman|Father of the buddha Ratnākara.
sman|Birthplace of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
smig bcud|In the Cakra saṃvara-tantra, rocanā is a medical concretion or bezoar stone found within the organs of certain animals (Gray, 2007, p 207 n3). Alternatively, Monier-Williams identifies it as “a particular yellow pigment,” or even a plant. It is unclear to us what the term refers to in this particular context.
smig rgyu|A goddess.
smig rgyu|Universe of the Buddha Duṣprasāhā.
smig sgyu can|A world system that existed thirty eons ago.
smin bzang ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
smin drug bu|Son of Śiva and a Hindu god of war.
smin drug|The name of a nakṣatra.
smin drug|Divine son of Śiva and Pārvatī.
smin drug|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Pleiades in the occidental tradition.
smin gling gter chen|Gyurme Dorje ({'gyur med rdo rje}), the first throneholder of Mindroling ({smin grol gling}), also known as Terdak Lingpa ({gter bdag gling pa}), a great scholar, author, and discoverer of spiritual treasures (1646–1714).
smin ma|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
smin mtshams kyi mdzod spu|One of the marks of a buddha. A tuft of hair between the eyebrows capable of projecting a very bright light.
smin mtshams kyi mdzod spu|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the fifth of the thirty-two signs of a great being. The ūrṇā or the “hair-treasure” ({mdzod spu}) is the circlet of hair between the Buddha’s eyebrows. In the Mahāvyutpatti this sign is expressed without mention of the eyebrows, (ūrṇākeśa; {mdzod spu}).
smin pa'i snod|A town in Videha.
smon lam bkod pa|A hypothetical buddha.
smon lam blo gros|A bodhisattva.
smon lam brtsegs|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
smon lam bsam gyis mi khyab pa khyad par du 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha countless eons in the past.
smon lam bzhi|The four aspirations of bodhisattvahood defined variously in East Asian Mahāyāna works.
smon lam chen po shugs kyi dpal|The ninety-eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS in verse: Mahā praṇidhi vega śiri.
smon lam chen po|A great bodhisattva.
smon lam chen po|The term for aspirations such as helping all beings, generating a buddhafield, bringing all beings to perfect awakening, and so forth that a bodhisattva makes while practicing bodhisattva conduct.
smon lam gyi stobs|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Protection by Knowledge.
smon lam gzungs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amitābha.
smon lam ji lta ba bzhin du yongs su rdzogs shing dag la rdul med pa bsags pa|Mañjuśrī's future buddha realm when he awakens as Samantadarśin.
smon lam khyad par blo gros|A bodhisattva from King Jewel Mound’s buddha realm.
smon lam la rab tu gnas pas mngon par 'phags pa|The buddha realm of Fully Illuminated Oceanic King of Many Hundreds of Virtues.
smon lam legs par btab pa|A future buddha.
smon lam ma 'khrul|Son of the buddha Aśoka.
smon lam mtha yas go cha|A buddha.
smon lam mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
smon lam mtha' yas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Adīnaghoṣa (553 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
smon lam nges pa|A buddha.
smon lam rgya mtsho rab tu snang dpal|The name of the eighty-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Praṇidhāna sāgara prabhāsa śirī.
smon lam rgya mtsho thams cad kyi dbyangs nor bu rin chen rgyal po'i gtsug pud|A bodhisattva.
smon lam rgya mtsho thams cad rab tu sgrog pa'i rin chen rgyal po'i gtsug phud|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
smon lam rnam par bgrags|A great bodhisattva.
smon lam sbyangs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Priyacandra (770 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
smon lam|One of the ten perfections.
smon lam|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Abhijñāketu.
smon lam|A declaration of one’s aspirations and vows, and/or an invocation and request of the buddhas, bodhisattvas, etc. It is also one of the ten perfections.
smon med pa|One of the three gateways to liberation.
smon pa med pa rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
smon pa med pa|The third of the three doorways to liberation. The other two are emptiness (śūnyatā; {stong pa nyid}) and signlessness (animitta; {mtshan ma med pa}).
smon pa med pa|The absence of any conceptual goal that one is focused upon achieving, knowing that all composite phenomena create suffering. One of the three doorways to liberation.
smon pa med pa|The ultimate absence of any wish, desire, or aspiration, even those directed towards buddhahood. One of the three gateways to liberation; the other two are emptiness and signlessness.
smon pa med pa|One of the three gateways to liberation, it is the absence of any conceptual goal one may be focused on achieving; it comes about from knowing that all composite phenomena create suffering.
smon pa med pa|Third of the Three Doors of Liberation (see glossary). Objectively, it is equivalent to voidness; subjectively, it is the outcome of the holy gnosis of voidness as the realization of the ultimate lack of anything to wish for, whether voidness itself, or even Buddhahood. See “emptiness.”
smon pa med pa|Emptiness ({stong pa nyid}), signlessness ({mtshan ma med pa}), and wishlessness ({smon pa med pa}) are known as the “three doors to deliverance” (triṇi vimokṣa mukhāni) or the “three concentrations” (trayaḥ samādhyaḥ) and as a set appear in both mainstream Buddhist sūtras and Mahāyāna sūtras. See Conze 1962, pp. 59–69; Lamotte 1944, pp. 1213–15; and Deleanu 2000, pp. 74–78.
smon sems|Mother of the buddha Amitadhara.
smra 'dod kyi bu mo'i bu yang dag rgyal ba can|One of the six outsider teachers.
smra 'dod kyi bu mo'i bu yang dag rgyal ba can|One of the six teachers at the time of the Buddha.
smra 'dod kyi bu mo'i bu yang dag rgyal ba can|One of the six philosophical extremists who lived during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
smra 'dod kyi bu mo'i bu|One of the six philosophical extremists who lived during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
smra 'dod kyi seng ge|A brahmin.
smra 'dzin|One of the twelve great yakṣa generals who protect and serve those who bear, read, recite, copy, or commission a copy of the Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja sūtra.
smra ba 'joms byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmākara.
smra ba grub|Mother of the buddha Siṃhaghoṣa.
smra ba gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Arthavādin.
smra ba gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.
smra ba'i chu mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
smra ba'i dbang phyug mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Kathendra.
smra ba'i mchod rten|Birthplace of the buddha Harivaktra.
smra ba'i mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
smra dga' ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
smrang 'don pa|The 603rd buddha in the first list, 602nd in the second list, and 596th in the third list.
smri dang ga|A two-headed hand drum that is played horizontally, wider in the middle with one drum head smaller than the other. Seventy-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
smron|The name of a nakṣatra.
smron|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Antares in the occidental tradition.
smyig ma'i nags khrod|A forest in the territory ruled by King Bimbisāra.
smyo byed|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
smyo byed|A class of nonhuman beings that is said to cause mental illness.
smyug sbams|A wheel-turning king in the past.
sna ma'i me tog 'od|The 463rd buddha in the first list, 462nd in the second list, and 456th in the third list.
sna ma'i me tog la mngon par dga' ba|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sna ma'i me tog mchog|Mother of the buddha Mahādatta.
sna ma'i me tog|Mother of the buddha Lokaprabha.
sna ma'i me tog|(1) A disciple of the Buddha. (2) A buddha in the past.
sna ma'i me tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Viṣāṇin.
sna ma'i me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gagana (755 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sna ma'i me tog|Child of householders in Śrāvastī, eventually ordained. At the time of his entrance into the womb and again upon his birth a rain of jasmine flowers fell. He went on to attain arhatship and various spiritual qualities from the cause of having scattered loose jasmine petals over, and having made offerings and prayers to reliquary stūpas in a previous life.
sna ma|May also mean a type of jasmine.
sna ma|Jasminum grandiflorum. Also known as Spanish or Catalonian jasmine, even though it originates from South India. Particularly used as offerings in both Buddhist and Hindu temples.
sna nam ye shes sde|Chief editor of the Tibetan translation of The White Lotus of the Good Dharma and the translation program from the late eighth to early ninth century in Tibet. From the Nanam ({sna nam}) clan.
sna tshogs 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Meruprabha (873 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sna tshogs brtsegs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnaketu.
sna tshogs brtsegs|A great bodhisattva.
sna tshogs bshes|(1) A king in the past ({thams cad kyi bshes gnyen}). (2) A rṣi in the past ({sna tshogs bshes}).
sna tshogs can|Son of the buddha Śāntimati.
sna tshogs can|A certain householder of the country of Mithilā.
sna tshogs dbyangs brgyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Keturāṣṭra (665 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sna tshogs dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṣatriya (653 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sna tshogs don dbang|The twenty-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Citrārtha-indra .
sna tshogs gsung ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharaṇīśvara (195 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sna tshogs gsung|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Somacchattra (498 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sna tshogs gzugs can|“Omnifarious One” is the name/epithet of various deities, but in particular of Viṣṇu in his viśvarūpa aspect.
sna tshogs kyi grong|A town near the Himalayan mountains which is one of the settings of this sūtra.
sna tshogs kyi rgyal po|A pore on Avalokiteśvara’s body.
sna tshogs ldan|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Glory of Being Renowned for Superior Skill That Is Noble like Mount Meru resides.
sna tshogs mdzes|Birthplace of the buddha Atula pratibhāna rāja.
sna tshogs me tog tshogs kyi dpal|A buddha.
sna tshogs me tog|Name of a bodhisattva.
sna tshogs mig ldan ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
sna tshogs rdo rje|Two crossed vajras.
sna tshogs rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
sna tshogs rgyan|The name of a goddess.
sna tshogs rjes su 'brel ba|Birthplace of the buddha Girīndrakalpa.
sna tshogs sde|A great bodhisattva.
sna tshogs sde|One of the eight nāga ladies.
sna tshogs sde|Son of the buddha Prabhāsthita kalpa.
sna tshogs sde|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sna tshogs sems|Son of the buddha Yaśoratna.
sna tshogs sgra'i dbang phyug|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sna tshogs shing rta|One of the groves of the Trāyastriṃśa (Heaven of the Thirty-Three) gods.
sna tshogs snang ba'i spobs pa|An absorption.
sna tshogs sngo btsun|A preta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sna tshogs tog|A king of vidyādharas.
sna tshogs za|One of the seven kings mentioned in the story of Govinda.
sna tshogs|A river.
sna tshogs|A buddha realm.
sna tshogs|(1) A grove in Lateral ({sna tshogs}). (2) A forest at Sudharma ({bkra ba}).
sna tshogs|(1) A realm of the ever-infatuated gods. (2) A river in Dwelling on Summits.
sna'i gzengs mtho ba|A prominent nose, i.e. with a high nasal root, was considered an attractive feature in ancient India. This may refer to an aquiline nose.
sna'i khams|Seventh of the eighteen sensory elements.
sna'i rnam par she spa'i khams|Ninth of the eighteen sensory elements.
sna'i rnam par shes pa'i khams|One of the eighteen constituents.
sna'i skye mched|Third of the twelve sense fields.
snam bu'i dbang phyug|A nāga king. This might be another name for the attested nāga king Upakambala. See Edgerton (1985).
snam bu|Curtains of pearl necklaces suspended from the walls of the inner rectangle of the maṇḍala.
snam phran|Monks’ robes are to be sewn into large sections from small patches of cloth rather than bolts of cloth.
snam sbyar|One of a Buddhist monk’s three robes
snam sbyar|The outer robe put over the other garments. One of the three Dharma robes ({chos gos gsum}, tricīvara).
snam sbyar|One of the three robes of a monk. This robe is a shawl with thirty-two patches, allowed for fully ordained monks.
snam sbyar|One of the three robes of a Buddhist monastic, which is worn on occasions such as almsbegging and the community’s formal meeting.
snam sbyar|The outer robe worn by fully ordained monks on formal occasions, including teachings and begging for alms, is fashioned of patches, their number indicative of the monastic order to which they belong‌. See, e.g., Zhang Yisun et al (1985): 1594–1595.
snang 'od|A deity in the retinue of Śakra.
snang ba 'chang ba|The name of an eon in the past.
snang ba 'od 'phro mig|Refers to night goddess Pramudita nayana jagad virocanā.
snang ba blta na sdug|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Raśmijāla (687 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snang ba bsam gyis mi khyab pa|A bodhisattva in, and principle protagonist of, The Teaching by the Child Inconceivable Radiance. This is also the name he will have as a buddha in the future, as prophesied by the Buddha.
snang ba byed pa|Name of the thirty-sixth meditative stability.
snang ba byed pa|Lit. “light maker.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
snang ba byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arthavādin.
snang ba byin|Mother of the buddha Sucandra.
snang ba byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vilocana.
snang ba bzang po|One of the mahoraga kings.
snang ba can|A buddha realm.
snang ba can|A world system.
snang ba can|Mother of the buddha Rāhucandra.
snang ba can|The realm of the Buddha Illuminator.
snang ba can|The realm where Adorned with Various Jewels will become a buddha.
snang ba can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Image of Mount Sumeru.
snang ba chen po can|The world of the past buddha King Rhythm of a Lion’s Roar.
snang ba chen po|A great bodhisattva.
snang ba che|The name of the eon in the future in which Siṃha and his attendants are prophesied to become buddhas by the Buddha Śākyamuni. This name varies significantly in the Chinese versions of Siṃha’s Questions (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-044-001.html#UT22084-044-001-167 ).
snang ba chung ngu|The lowest of the three paradises that correspond to the second dhyāna in the form realm. The lowest of the paradises that are never destroyed at the end of the kalpa but continue through all kalpas.
snang ba dag pa|Name of the forty-eighth meditative stability.
snang ba dag pa|Lit. “pure and radiant.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
snang ba dang ldan pa|A buddhafield in the western direction of the Tathāgata Illuminator.
snang ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one King of the Drum’s Melody.
snang ba gsal bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Candra.
snang ba gzigs|The 887th buddha in the first list, 886th in the second list, and 877th in the third list.
snang ba mdzad pa|The 1004th buddha in the first list, 1003rd in the second list, and 994th in the third list.
snang ba mtha' yas bkod pa'i gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Devasūrya.
snang ba mtha' yas dbang po'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
snang ba mtha' yas dpal|A buddha.
snang ba mtha' yas dpal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
snang ba mtha' yas ma|Mother of the buddha Anihata.
snang ba mtha' yas pa'i gzi brjid bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.
snang ba mtha' yas pa|Name of the thirty-fifth meditative stability.
snang ba mtha' yas|A great bodhisattva.
snang ba mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Avabhāsadarśin.
snang ba mtha' yas|A buddha who lives in a western buddha realm called Excellence.
snang ba mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Tejorāśi.
snang ba mtha' yas|The Buddha of boundless light; one of the five Tathāgatas in Tantrism; a visitor in Vimalakīrti’s house, according to the goddess’s report.
snang ba mtha' yas|More commonly known as Amitāyus in the sūtras, he is the buddha of the western realm of Sukhāvatī. Rebirth in that realm has been an important goal since early Mahāyāna.
snang ba mthong ba|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
snang ba rgya mtshos brgyan pa|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Obhāsa sāgara viyūha.
snang ba thams cad kyis brgyan pa|Father of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.
snang ba thob pa|“Attainment of Light,” the world in which Kāśyapa will become a buddha.
snang ba yongs su dag pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Immaculate Light.
snang ba'i 'od kyi rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
snang ba'i 'od kyi rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Obhāsayanta prabha rājā.
snang ba'i 'od zer|The 649th buddha in the first list, 648th in the second list, and 640th in the third list.
snang ba'i 'od|A buddha.
snang ba'i 'od|A bodhisattva.
snang ba'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Raśmirāja.
snang ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
snang ba'i blo gros|The guardian deity of the Buddha’s monastery in Veṇuvana.
snang ba'i cod pan|A buddha in the distant past.
snang ba'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Jyotiṣprabha.
snang ba'i dkyil 'khor 'od|The sixty-fourth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
snang ba'i dpal|A bodhisattva.
snang ba'i dpal|A buddha who lives in a buddha realm below called Vast Expanse.
snang ba'i gtso|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃharaśmi (664 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snang ba'i mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Asita (443 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snang ba'i me tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānarāja.
snang ba'i phyag|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
snang ba'i rgya mtsho|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pradīparāja.
snang ba'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past.
snang ba'i rgyal po|The name of the eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. Also the name of the twenty-seventh buddha in a different kalpa in the distant past. BHS: Obhāsarāja.
snang ba'i snying po dpal|A bodhisattva residing in a buddha realm in the western direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
snang bar byed pa'i lha|Birthplace of the buddha Candrānana.
snang bar byed pa'i lha|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candrānana.
snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Ketumat.
snang bar byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Roca.
snang bar dgyes pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Adoṣa (719 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snang bar mdzad pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
snang bar mdzes ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
snang bas rnam par brgyan pa|“Display of Radiance,” the name of a certain kalpa in the distant past.
snang ba|A buddha realm.
snang ba|One of the mahoraga kings.
snang ba|Attendant of the buddha Arthavādin.
snang ba|The last buddha of the Bhadra kalpa, which according to The White Lotus of Compassion Sūtra (Toh 111, Mahā karuṇā puṇḍarīka sūtra,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh111.html where it was translated as {gsal mdzad}) is the thousand-and-fifth buddha. The Buddha Ratnagarbha prophesied that the youngest of the thousand Vedapāṭhaka pupils of Brahmin Samudrarenu would be the Buddha Roca. In present times it is most commonly translated as {mos pa}.
snang byed rgyal mtshan grags pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Indrama.
snang byed snying po|A bodhisattva.
snang byed|A buddha.
snang byed|Attendant of the buddha Jñānarata.
snang byed|Son of the buddha Prajñāna vihāsa svara.
snang byed|A bodhisattva in attendance as the Buddha delivers this teaching.
snang byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnābhacandra.
snang dbang|Attendant of the buddha Tiṣya.
snang ldan chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnaskandha (796 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snang ldan gtsug phud can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
snang ldan|Son of the buddha Acala.
snang ldan|Father of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
snang ldan|Attendant of the buddha Anāvilārtha.
snang ldan|The 416th buddha in the first list, 415th in the second list, and 409th in the third list.
snang mdzad grags pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ajitagaṇa (326 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snang mdzad|A future buddha.
snang mdzad|One of the tathāgatas.
snang mdzad|The universal buddha from whom all the buddhas emanate.
snang mdzad|Mentioned by the Buddha as the last of the thousand buddhas of this eon.
snang mdzad|The 1004th buddha in the first list, 1003rd in the second list, and 994th in the third list.
snang mdzad|The last buddha to come in the present Fortunate Eon, according to https://read.84000.co/translation/toh94.html (Bhadrakalpikasūtra), Toh 94.
snang med|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
snar ma ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
snar ma|The wife of the Moon.
snar ma|The name of a nakṣatra.
snar ma|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Aldebaran in the occidental tradition.
snga ltas|Prognostication, foreshadowing.
sngags 'dod ma|Mother of the buddha Suvarṇacūḍa.
sngags gsang ba pa|A class of vidyādharas.
sngags kyi gzhi|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
sngags kyi lam|Another name for the Vajrayāna.
sngags kyi lam|One of the three vehicles of Buddhism.
sngags kyi theg pa|The “Mantra Vehicle,” which is another name for Vajrayāna.
sngags mdud|Knot which has been incanted with the mantra while being tied.
sngags pa|A practitioner of mantra; a follower of the Mantra Vehicle.
sngags pa|Literally “one who has mantra,” this term is used to refer to practitioners specifically engaged in mantra recitation and other esoteric practices.
sngags|Words of power; incantation; lit. “mind-protector”; single or combined Sanskrit syllables repeated as invocations, based on the power of sound (Rigzin 98).
sngags|Literally “an instrument of thought,” it is usually a brief verbal formula used with multiple repetitions, usually beginning with oṃ and in essence a salutation to a particular deity. It can also be used as a healing spell, which is the meaning here.
sngo ba|One of the kings of the nāgas.
sngo bsangs can|A householder.
sngo bsangs dga'|Name of a former incarnation of Devadatta in a story the Buddha tells.
sngo bsangs ldan pa|One of the yakṣiṇīs.
sngo sangs|Son of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
sngon 'bab|A river on Flocking Peacocks.
sngon du 'gro ba|A great bodhisattva.
sngon du bsnyen pa|A period of formal practice, usually lasting six months, before the practitioner can employ the mantra for specific purposes.
sngon du bsnyen pa|“Preliminary practice,” pūrvasevā, is a six-month period of formal practice to be performed before one can start employing the mantra for specific purposes.
sngon gyi cho ga|The early ordination rite, later adapted to include stricter criteria for admission and introduce the intermediate step, between joining the order and ordination, of induction into the novitiate.
sngon gyi du ba'i stobs|A river on Saṅkāśa.
sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa'i shes pa|One of the five supernormal knowledges.
sngon gyi smon lam gyi 'phrul pa'i zla ba|A buddha in the distant past.
sngon gyi smon lam gyis bskur ba'i nga ro|A bodhisattva.
sngon gyi smon lam yongs su bskul ba'i sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
sngon kyi mtha' shes pa kun 'byung ba shes pa yongs su rtogs pa|A king; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
sngon por snang ba|A buddha field in the future where the bodhisattva Saffron Color attains buddhahood as Precious Light.
sngon po|Name of a yakṣa.
sngon po|An ocean off Jambudvīpa.
sngor gyur|A brahmin.
snod dri zhim|The name of Prince Kuśa disguised as a cook.
snod du btso ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
snod du gyur pa|Lit. “become a vessel.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
snrel zhi ba|The twelfth of the eighteen special qualities of a bodhisattva.
snrel zhi|Lit. “nonsequential.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
snrel zhi|Lit. “topsy-turvy”; in a mixed order. Also translated here as “loosely organized” and “perverted.” See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-057-006.html#UT22084-057-006-156 .
snrubs|The name of a nakṣatra.
snrubs|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Lambda Scorpii in the occidental tradition.
snum chen po|In this context, a ritual object used in rituals of enthrallment.
snum khur|The term is also rendered in this translation as “apūpa.”
snum khur|A pastry made of flour. Also rendered in this translation as “pastry.”
snum pa'i stobs|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
snyan dga'|Son of the buddha Pūrṇamati.
snyan grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Praśāntagātra (628 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snyan ldan ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
snyan ldan|Attendant of the buddha Amitasvara.
snyan pa dri ma med|The name of the Tathāgata Aparimitāyus’ attendant.
snyan pa grangs med pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arhatkīrti.
snyan pa kun tu rnam par grags pa'i rgyal mtshan|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
snyan pa ma smad pa|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
snyan pa rnam par grags pa|The name of an eon (kalpa).
snyan pa rnam par grags pa|A head merchant in the distant past.
snyan pa spyod pa|A location in Mutual Liking.
snyan pa thob|Father of the buddha Padmagarbha.
snyan pa'i bla ma|Son of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
snyan pa'i bshes gnyen|A buddha.
snyan pa'i sgra dbyang|A monk.
snyan pa'i tog|The 17th buddha in the first list, 17th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
snyan par dga'|Mother of the buddha Puṇya.
snyan par dga'|Son of the buddha Satyaketu.
snyan par dgongs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Saṃpannakīrti (512 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snyan par dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhapakṣa (303 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snyan par grags pa gsal ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prasanna.
snyan par grags pa thob pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prasanna.
snyan par grags pa'i rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Mokṣavrata.
snyan par grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Sarvatejas.
snyan par grags|Son of the buddha Vajrasena.
snyan par grags|Mother of the buddha Ratnayaśas.
snyan par grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Maruttejas.
snyan par grags|The 925th buddha in the first list, 924th in the second list, and 915th in the third list.
snyan par sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
snyan par smra ba ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
snyan par smra ba|One of the four means of attraction.
snyan par smra ba|Second of the four attractive qualities of a bodhisattva.
snyan par smra|Son of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
snyan par smra|Mother of the buddha Sudarśana.
snyan par smra|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Manoratha.
snyan pa|A buddha realm.
snyan pa|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
snyan tshig gi rig byed|Along with the Ṛgveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, one of the four Vedas, the most ancient Sanskrit religious literature of India. It primarily contains melodic notations for the chanting of Vedic hymns.
snyigs dus|The last and worst of the four ages (yuga), the present age of degeneration.
snyigs ma lnga|Five types of degeneration pertaining to lifespan, affliction, beings, time, and views.
snyigs ma lnga|Five signs that the later era of an eon has arrived: degenerate views, afflictions, beings, lifespan, and time.
snyigs ma lnga|The five degenerations are those of the lifespan, of views, of afflictions, of sentient beings, and of the age.
snyigs ma lnga|Five particular aspects of lifespan that indicate the degenerate nature of a given age. They are the impurities of views, of afflictions, of sentient beings, of life, and of time.
snyigs ma lnga|The five degenerations: (1) degeneration of lifespan, (2) degeneration of view or thoughts, (3) degeneration of the five afflictions, (4) degenerate sentient beings, (5) degenerate times.
snyigs ma lnga|In this text, the five degenerations are: (1) the degeneration of time, (2) the degeneration of sentient beings, (3) the degeneration of place, (4) the degeneration of lifespan, and (5) the degeneration of mental afflictions. This differs from other presentations of this list in which the degeneration of views replaces the degeneration of place.
snyigs ma rnams|Refers to the five degenerations: (1) degeneration of lifespan, (2) degeneration of view or thoughts, (3) degeneration of the five afflictions, (4) degenerate sentient beings, (5) degenerate times.
snyigs ma'i rgyal mtshan|Name of a buddha realm located in the southern direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
snyigs ma'i rnyog pa lnga|Also known as “five contaminations or degenerations” ({snyigs ma lnga}, pañcakaṣāya). They are: (1) degeneration of lifespan, (2) degeneration of view or thoughts, (3) degeneration of the five afflictions, (4) degeneration of sentient beings, (5) degeneration of time.
snyigs ma|Refers to the five degenerations: (1) degeneration of lifespan, (2) degeneration of view or thoughts, (3) degeneration of the five afflictions, (4) degenerate sentient beings, (5) degenerate times.
snying po 'phags|The 867th buddha in the first list, 866th in the second list, and 856th in the third list.
snying po byang chub rnam par sangs rgyas pa'i dpal gyi zla ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
snying po byang chub|The exact place where every buddha in this world will manifest the attainment of buddhahood. In our world, it is the spot beneath the Bodhi tree in the village presently known as Bodhgaya. Literally, “the essence of enlightenment.” Also translated elsewhere as {byang chub kyi snying po}.
snying po bzang po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
snying po can|A buddha realm.
snying po can|The realm of the Buddha Heart of the Doctrine.
snying po can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sublime Golden Light.
snying po dang ldan pa|Name of the 100th meditative stability.
snying po dang ldan pa|Lit. “having a core.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
snying po dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Emanating Light.
snying po dpag med 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of eight uṣṇīṣa buddhas mentioned in this text that do not appear elsewhere in the canon.
snying po lnga|The identity of the five essences is uncertain; they are only a few mentions of the term in Kangyur, none of which identify what they are. According to most Tibetan dictionaries, such as the dung dkar tshig mdzod chen mo, they are honey ({sbrang rtsi}), raw sugar ({bu ram}), salt ({tshwa}), ghee ({zhun mar}), and sesame oil ({til mar}). Rotman notes that Ayurveda sources also list the five essences as “milk, sugar, honey, ghee, and long pepper (Piper longum).” See Rotman (2017), p. 543, n. 571.
snying po mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Arthadarśin.
snying po mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siddhārtha.
snying po mdzod 'chang|Attendant of the buddha Kusumadeva.
snying po rtag tu brtan|Birthplace of the buddha Candra.
snying po thams cad 'gyur mdzad|A buddha.
snying po thams cad kyi rjes su song ba|Lit. “following all essences.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
snying po thig le|The second Mauryan emperor, son of Candragupta.
snying po zil gyis gnon pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Well-Settled Ocean.
snying po'i rgyal mtshan|Name of a buddha realm located in the western direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
snying po'i tshogs|A buddha.
snying po'i tshogs|“Accumulation of Essences.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
snying po|Lit “heart” or “marrow.”
snying po|Attendant of the buddha Amitalocana.
snying po|The most essential mantra of a deity.
snying po|Literally “heart,” this term means the heart essence or the essence of the deity and can refer to its mantra, mudrā, or maṇḍala.
snying rje bzang po|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
snying rje bzang po|Son of the Vaiśālī army chief Siṃha at the time of the Buddha’s stay there, he was sentenced to death for the murder of a prostitute. The Buddha secured his release, ordained him, and he attained arhatship.
snying rje can|This name refers to two people in this text: (1) A captain; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva. (2) A prince; a former incarnation of the buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
snying rje chen po sems pa|A divine being from the Brahmā world.
snying rje chen po sems pa|A bodhisattva in the southwestern buddhafield Virtuous Eye.
snying rje chen po sems|A prince who was a pupil of Buddha Abhāva samudgata countless eons ago.
snying rje chen po'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
snying rje chen po'i sprin gyi dpal|The seventieth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS in verse: Mahā karuṇa megha śirī.
snying rje chen po'i tshul gyi 'brug sgra bsgrags pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
snying rje chen po'i tshul gyi sprin rab tu sgrog pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
snying rje chen po|Son of the buddha Padmakośa.
snying rje chen po|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
snying rje chen po|A specific state of mind resulting from the four abodes of Brahma and defined as the wish to liberate all beings from suffering.
snying rje chen po|This refers to one of the two central qualities of buddhas or high bodhisattvas: their feeling born of the wish for all living beings to be free of suffering and to attain the supreme happiness. It is important to note that this great compassion has nothing to do with any sentimental emotion such as that stimulated by such a reflection as “Oh, the poor creatures! How they are suffering!” On the contrary, great compassion is accompanied by the clear awareness that ultimately there are no such things as living beings, suffering, etc., in reality. Thus it is a sensitivity that does not entertain any dualistic notion of subject and object; indeed, such an unlimited sensitivity might best be termed “empathy.”
snying rje cher sems|Father of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
snying rje cher sems|A bodhisattva great being present in the audience of this sūtra.
snying rje dang gti mug med pa rin po che|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
snying rje ldan|One of the kinnara kings.
snying rje med pa'i sa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
snying rje'i blo|Youngest son of the universal monarch Nimiṃdhara.
snying rje'i mig|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
snying rje'i shugs can|Mother of the buddha Puṇyabala.
snying rjes gnas|Mother of the buddha Akṣobhya.
snying rje|One of the two pīlavas.
snying rje|Second of the four immeasurable aspirations.
snying rje|One of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
snying rje|One of the abodes of Brahmā, the other being: loving kindness or love, equanimity, and joy.
snying rje|One of the four practices of spiritual practitioners and one of the four immeasurables (the others being loving-kindness or love, sympathetic joy, and equanimity).
snying rje|One of the four immeasurables of the Mahāyāna, known in early Buddhism as “pure abodes” (Skt. brahmavihāra), which comprise (1) loving kindness, (2) compassion, (3) sympathetic joy, and (4) equanimity. Immeasurable compassion arises from the wish for all living beings to be free from suffering and the causes of suffering.
snying stobs mchog|Son of the buddha Ojobala.
snying stobs mchog|Attendant of the buddha Arhaddeva.
snying stobs zhum pa med pa'i blo|Son of the buddha Puṇyabala.
snying stobs zhum pa med|A prince.
snying stobs|One of the three principles or forces of nature, as known in the Sāṃkhya philosophy, characterized by lightness.
snying|The 946th buddha in the first list, 945th in the second list, and 936th in the third list.
snyom par 'jug pa|A technical term referring to a meditative state attained through the practice of concentration.
snyom par 'jug pa|One of the synonyms for the meditative state. The Tibetan translation interpreted it as sama-āpatti, which brings in the idea of being “equal” or “level,” whereas it may very well be, like “samādhi,” sam-āpatti, with the similar meaning of concentration, but also of completion.
snyoms 'jug|A state of mental equilibrium derived from deep concentration.
snyoms pa'i gzi brjid sgrub pa'i sprin|A tathāgata.
snyoms par 'jug pa thams cad rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
snyoms par 'jug pa|Meditative equipoise or evenness of mind. Another synonym for meditation, this also refers to a category of advanced meditative attainments.
snyoms par 'jug pa|A technical term referring to a meditative state attained through the practice of concentration. (The word “attainment” is also used here to translate non-technical words that have the sense of “obtain” or “acquire.”)
snyoms par 'jug pa|One of several common terms that are used to describe meditative states. The four states of meditative attainment refer here to the states of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, and neither perception nor absence of perception.
snyoms par 'jug pa|One of the synonyms for the meditative state. The Tibetan translation interpreted it as sama-āpatti, which brings in the idea of “equal,” or “level,” whereas it may very well be like “samādhi,” sam-āpatti, with the similar meaning of concentration. Unlike samādhi, however, it also occurs with the meaning of “completion,” “attainment,” and “diligent practice.”
snyoms par 'jug pa|One of the synonyms for the meditative state, in tems of both the state itself and the various meditative states that serve as attainments along the path. The Tibetan translation interprets it as sama-āpatti, which brings in the idea of “equal,” or “level;” however, it can also be parsed as sam-āpatti, in which case it would have the sense of “concentration,” or “absorption,” much like “samādhi,” but with the added sense of “completion.”
snyoms par 'jug pa|A technical term referring to a meditative state attained through the practice of concentration. Usually a reference to the nine gradual attainments (navānupūrvavihārasamāpatti, {mthar gyis gnas pa'i snyoms par 'jug pa dgu}) that include the four attainments of the form realm, the four formless attainments, and the attainment of the state of cessation. (The word “attainment” is also used here to translate non-technical words that have the sense of “obtain” or “acquire.”)
snyoms par 'jug|“Absorption” has been translated as “meditation,” “contemplation,” “attainment,” etc., and any of these words might serve. The problem is to establish one English word for each of the important Sanskrit words samāpatti, dhyāna, samādhi, bhāvanā, etc., so as to preserve a consistency with the original. Therefore, I have adopted for these terms, respectively, “absorption,” “contemplation,” “concentration” and “realization” or “cultivation,” reserving the word “meditation” for general use with any of the terms when they are used not in a specific sense but to indicate mind-practice in general.
snyoms par gzhog pa|One of the synonyms for the meditative state. The Tibetan translation interpreted it as sama-āpatti, which brings in the idea of “equal,” or “level,” whereas it may very well be like “samādhi,” sam-āpatti, with the same meaning.
snyoms par gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahāmitra (869 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
snyoms par zhugs pa|A state of mental equilibrium derived from deep concentration.
so brtsegs|A rākṣasī known only from this sūtra.
so bzangs ma|Mother of the buddha Maṇivajra.
so bzangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anantatejas.
so bzang|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
so bzhi bcu dang ldan zhing so mnyam la so dkar ba|Having “forty even and white teeth” is included in the thirty-two signs of a great being. Depending on the list, this sign is often divided into two separate signs of having “forty teeth” and having “white teeth.” In the Sanskrit parallel of The Questions of Dīrghanakha the Wandering Mendicant, this quality is described as having “very beautiful and very bright teeth” (suśobhana dantaḥ sudīpta dantaḥ).
so bzhi bcu thags bzang ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the seventh of the thirty-two signs of a great being. In the Mahāvyutpatti and other lists this is represented as two separate signs: “forty teeth” (catvāriṃśaddanta; {tshems bzhi bcu mnga' ba}) and “close-fitting teeth” (aviraladanta; {tshems thags bzang ba}).
so ma|Another name of Candra, the god of the moon.
so mnyam|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sumanas.
so rad rod can|A rākṣasa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
so rings ma|Mother of the buddha Vasudeva.
so rings|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Viṣāṇin.
so so gcig|One of the rāśis.
so so thar pa'i sdom pa|The vows of moral discipline which are followed by monks and nuns. The term “prātimokṣa” can be used to refer both to the disciplinary rules themselves and to the texts from the Vinaya that contain them.
so so thar pa|The guidelines conduct that leads (prati) to liberation (mokṣa). They consist of vows and regulations that constitute Buddhist discipline. The number and scope of the vows differs depending on one’s status (lay, novice monastic, or full monastic) and whether one is female or male.
so so yang dag pa rig pa bzhi|The four correct understandings are the mastery of meaning, the mastery of Dharma, the mastery of language, and the mastery of courageous eloquence.
so so yang dag par rig pa bzhi|Genuine discrimination with respect to meaning, phenomena, language, and eloquence.
so so yang dag par rig pa bzhi|Correct or genuine discrimination with respect to Dharma, meaning, language, and confident eloquence.
so so yang dag par rig pa bzhi|The knowledge of the meaning, the knowledge of phenomena, the knowledge of interpretation, and the knowledge of eloquence.
so so yang dag par rig pa bzhi|A list of special cognitive abilities that characterize realized beings. They are the special knowledges of meaning, of dharmas, of explanations, and of brilliancy.
so so yang dag par rig pa bzhi|The four correct and unhindered discriminating knowledges of (1) the doctrine or Dharma, (2) meaning, (3) language, and (4) brilliance or eloquence. These are the essential means by which the buddhas impart their teachings.
so so yang dag par rig pa bzhi|These four kinds of exact knowledge—the essentials through which the buddhas impart their teachings—comprise (1) exact knowledge of meanings, (2) exact knowledge of dharmas, (3) exact knowledge of their language and lexical explanations, and (4) exact knowledge of their eloquent expression. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-253 .\nOn the philological origins of these four kinds of exact knowledge, see Konow (1941): 40, and the reconstructed Sanskrit on p. 107; also Dayal (1932): 259–267, and Sparham (2012 IV): 78–79.
so so yang dag par rig pa la spobs pa|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s assembly.
so so yang dag par rig pa nges pa la 'jug pa|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
so so yang dag par rig pa rin po che bstan pa|An absorption.
so so yang dag par rig pa rnam par nges pa la 'jug pa|The name of a dhāraṇī.
so so yang dag par rig pa|Genuine discrimination with respect to dharmas, meaning, language, and eloquence.
so so yang dag par rig pa|There are four: the discernments of meaning, phenomena, definitions, and eloquence.
so so yang dag par rig pa|When given as an enumeration, this refers to the four: the discernments of meaning, phenomena, definitions, and eloquence.
so so yang dag par rig pa|The discrimination of dharma, the discrimination of things, the discrimination of expression, and the discrimination of eloquence.
so so yang dag par rig pa|The modes of knowledge attained on the ninth bodhisattva level. There are four such modes: the correct analytical knowledge of phenomena (dharma; {chos}), of meaning (artha; {don}), of language or etymology (nirukti; {nges pa'i tshig}), and of eloquence (pratibhāna; {spobs pa}).
so so yang dag par rig pa|Four specific types of discernment. The four ways in which a bodhisattva knows distinct features, characteristics, and states of phenomena: (1) discrimination of dharma (dharmapratisaṃvid, {chos so so yang dag rig pa}); (2) discrimination of things (arthapratisaṃvid, {so so yang dag rig pa}); (3) discrimination of expression (niruktipratisaṃvid, {nges tshig so so yang dag rig pa}); (4) discrimination of eloquence (pratibhāna pratisaṃvid, {spobs pa so so yang dag rig pa}) (Rigzin 288, with slight adjustments to terminology in translation).
so so yang dag rig bzhi|The four correct and unhindered discriminating knowledges of the doctrine of Dharma, of meaning, of language, and of brilliance or eloquence. These are the essential means by which the buddhas impart their teachings.
so so'i skye bo|A person who has not had a perceptual experience of the truth and has therefore not achieved the state of a noble being.
so so'i skye bo|Anyone who has not entered the “Path of Seeing” (i.e., has no stable direct realization of selflessness) is an ordinary person as opposed to a noble one.
so sor bag yangs|A buddha realm.
so sor bshags par bya ba|The least severe of five types of offenses a monk can incur. There are four types of offense requiring personal confession, which are expunged through personal confession.
so sor kun dga' bar bya|To welcome a visitor with pleasantries.
so sor ma brtags pa'i btang snyoms med pa|Sixth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas. Also rendered here as as “without indifference that does not make distinctions.”
so sor rig bzhi|The four correct and unhindered discriminating knowledges of the doctrine or Dharma, of meaning, of language, and of brilliance or eloquence. These are the essential means by which the buddhas impart their teachings.
so sor rtog pa'i ye shes|One of the five wisdoms corresponding to the tathāgata Amitābha.
so sor rtog par byed|The term {so sor rtog pa} has two meanings in our text: (1) analysis (pratyavekṣa) and (2) comprehension, realization, awakening (pratibodha).
so sor thar pa'i sdom pa|The vows or rules of conduct for those who pursue liberation, sometimes contrasted with the bodhisattva vows.
so sor thar pa'i sdom pa|The regulations and rules that constitute Buddhist discipline. The number and scope of the vows differs depending on one’s status (lay, novice monastic, or full monastic) and whether one is a monk or a nun.
so sor thar pa|The codes of precepts for monks and nuns.
so sor thar pa|The rules of conduct that lead to liberation.
so sor thar pa|The collection of monastic rules, which is supposed to be recited at the formal meeting of monastics every fortnight.
so sor thar pa|The regulations and rules that constitute Buddhist discipline. The number and scope of the vows differs depending on one’s status (whether lay, novice monastic, or full monastic) and whether one is a monk or a nun.
so sor thar pa|“Prātimokṣa” is the name given to the code of conduct binding on monks and nuns. The term can be used to refer both to the disciplinary rules themselves and to the texts from the Vinaya that contain them. There are multiple recensions of the Prātimokṣa , each transmitted by a different monastic fraternity in ancient and medieval India. Three remain living traditions, one of them the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya of Tibetan Buddhism. Though the numbers of rules vary across the different recensions, they are all organized according to the same principles and with the same disciplinary categories. It is customary for monastics to recite the Prātimokṣa Sūtra https://read.84000.co/translation/toh2.html fortnightly. According to some Mahāyana sūtras, a separate set of prātimokṣa rules exists for bodhisattvas, which are based on bodhisattva conduct as taught in that vehicle.
so sor yang dag par rig pa|Correct understanding of meaning, Dharma, language, and eloquence.
so sor yang dag par rig pa|The modes of knowledge attained on the ninth bodhisattva level. There are four such modes: the comprehensive knowledge of phenomena (dharma; {chos}), of meaning (artha; {don}), of language or etymology (nirukti; {nges pa'i tshig}), and eloquence (pratibhāna; {spobs pa}).
so tham tham pa|One of the cold hells.
so thams thams|Name of one of the eight cold hells. It is named for the sounds its inhabitants make while enduring unthinkable cold.
so thams thams|Third of the eight cold hells of Buddhist cosmology. It is named for the sounds its inhabitants make while enduring unthinkable cold.
so'u myo|A previous ruler of the Heaven Free from Strife.
sog ma med|A rākṣasa.
sog ma med|One of the kings of the nāgas.
sog ma med|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sog ma med|Lit. “Without a Straw.” A nāga king, who was the brahmin Agnidatta in a former life.
sog ma|A nāga king.
sog med|Nāga king who became a pupil of the Buddha.
som nyi thams cad mgu byed|A bodhisattva.
sor chud par byed pa'i stobs|Pledging not to repeat past negative actions.
sor gdub|Seventy-sixth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. More specifically, it is a “finger ring.”
sor mo rgyas pa|Ninth of the eighty minor marks.
sor mo ring ba|4th of the thirty-two major marks.
sor mo ring ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twentieth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
sor mo ring zhing sor mo'i bar dra bas 'bral par|The Buddha is said to have long and webbed fingers and toes. This is one of the signs included in the thirty-two signs of a great being; sometimes “long” and “webbed” are listed as two separate signs.
sor mo rnams byin gyis phra ba|Eleventh of the eighty minor marks.
sor mo rnams zlum pa|Tenth of the eighty minor marks.
sor thar|The rules of conduct that lead to liberation.
spA nA she tu|An island in the vicinity of Jambudvīpa.
spa ba'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ugra (83 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spa gos|Attendant of the buddha Vidvat.
spags pa|An acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
spal kyi snying po|A great bodhisattva.
spang ba'i ltung byed|A sub-type of offense of which there are thirty varieties. These are expunged through communal confession and the forfeiting of the object that caused the transgression.
spang leb can|A hunter.
spang leb khang|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
spang spos|Nardostachys jatamansi, Nardostachys grandiflora.
spar 'chums ma yin|A great bodhisattva.
spen pa|The planet Saturn.
spen pa|A rishi of ancient India, the son of Rishi Bhṛgu, known for having become a youth again after he had reached an old age.
spen tog rgyan|A specific kind of ancient Indian ornament, probably meaning “flower on the front” or “face with a flower.” It was made by metallurgists, presumably from gold. The Tibetan has a definition which involves a woman’s face. It is probably a central feature of a necklace, in which there is a face and a flower—possibly a face within a flower as is seen on ancient stūpa railings such as those in Bodhgaya.
spo ba|A period of probation imposed by the saṅgha if a monk incurs a saṅgha stigmata offense and confesses it straight away. During the period of probation, the offending monk loses many privileges and is barred from participating in official acts of the saṅgha, such as ordination ceremonies.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1173 .
spo mgu dbyung gsum|Official acts of saṅgha enacted when a monk incurs a saṅgha stigmata offense.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1173 .
spobs dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
spobs ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Kusumadatta.
spobs myur|Name of a bodhisattva.
spobs pa 'chang|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vikrama.
spobs pa bkod|The name of an eon in which the Buddha He Who Attained Awakening after Countless Millions of Eons resides.
spobs pa brtsegs pa gang ba|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha Departed by Completely Subduing from the Precious Lotus resides.
spobs pa brtsegs pa|Lit. “Heap of Eloquence.”
spobs pa brtsegs pa|A great bodhisattva and Dharma teacher.
spobs pa brtsegs pa|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
spobs pa brtsegs pa|The name of a bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s retinue.
spobs pa brtsegs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arthasiddhi.
spobs pa brtsegs|A bodhisattva.
spobs pa byin gyis brlabs|Name of a bodhisattva.
spobs pa can|Father of the buddha Arthamati.
spobs pa chen po|A great bodhisattva.
spobs pa chen po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arhatkīrti.
spobs pa chen po|A bodhisattva who appears mainly in chapters 11 and 12 of this sūtra. In the Chinese version, like other bodhisattvas who appear in the second half of the sūtra, considered to be of a later date than the first half, he is not in the initial list of bodhisattvas given in the first chapter.
spobs pa dag ni brtsegs pa|The 108th buddha in the first list, 108th in the second list, and 109th in the third list.
spobs pa dpag med bkod pa yang dag par spyod pa'i blo|The name of a buddha in the northern direction.
spobs pa dpag med|A buddha.
spobs pa dpag med|A great bodhisattva.
spobs pa dpag tu med pa|Name of Vīrasena when he becomes a buddha.
spobs pa dran pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Cūḍa.
spobs pa grags pa|The 281st buddha in the first list, 280th in the second list, and 280th in the third list.
spobs pa mdzes|Father of the buddha Dharmakūṭa.
spobs pa mi 'chad pa|Name of a bodhisattva.
spobs pa mi chod|A great bodhisattva.
spobs pa mi zad pa|A bodhisattva.
spobs pa mtha' yas 'od zer|The 943rd buddha in the first list, 942nd in the second list, and 933rd in the third list.
spobs pa mtha' yas pa'i tog gi rgyal mtshan rnam par sprul pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva mahāsattva present in the Buddha’s assembly. His name means, “Magical Voice like a Victory Banner of Infinite Eloquence.”
spobs pa mtha' yas pa'i yon tan tog gi rgyal mtshan|A Dharma teacher.
spobs pa mtha' yas par bsgrub pa la 'jigs pa med pa|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
spobs pa mtha' yas pa|Lit. “endless confidence.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
spobs pa mtha' yas tog|The 933rd buddha in the first list, 932nd in the second list, and 923rd in the third list.
spobs pa mtha' yas|Name of a bodhisattva.
spobs pa mtha' yas|Name of the seventy-sixth meditative stability.
spobs pa mtha' yas|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
spobs pa mtha' yas|A bodhisattva present during the delivery of the King of the Array of all Dharma Qualities.
spobs pa mtshungs med rgyal po|The 984th buddha in the first list, 983rd in the second list, and 974th in the third list.
spobs pa phun sum tshogs pa|Literally “Consummate Eloquence.” A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
spobs pa rnon po|A great bodhisattva.
spobs pa sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharma pradīpākṣa.
spobs pa sna tshogs rgyan gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
spobs pa so so yang dag par rig pa|One of the four kinds of knowledge.
spobs pa so so yang dag par rig pa|Fourth of the four kinds of exact knowledge. Eloquent expression here, also translated in the text as “inspired eloquence,” is the means by which the teachings are expressed.
spobs pa thams cad ston pa|Mother of the buddha Jñānin.
spobs pa zab pa|A great bodhisattva.
spobs pa'i blo gros|Mother of the buddha Deva.
spobs pa'i blo gros|A merchant of the city of Śrāvastī who is the primary interlocutor in this sūtra.
spobs pa'i blo|Son of the buddha Anihata.
spobs pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Varabuddhi.
spobs pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pratibhāna varṇa.
spobs pa'i dbyangs|Short name of the buddha Proclaimer of the Melodious Thundering Roar of the Ornamental Beauty of Eloquence.
spobs pa'i dpal|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānakrama.
spobs pa'i gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Udgata.
spobs pa'i lha|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Anihata.
spobs pa'i mchog|The 734th buddha in the first list, 733rd in the second list, and 723rd in the third list.
spobs pa'i mdog|Birthplace of the buddha Pratibhāna varṇa.
spobs pa'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kṣemottamarāja.
spobs pa'i rgyan bkod pa'i dbyangs kyi nga ro snyan par 'brug sgra sgrogs pa|A buddha of the past.
spobs pa'i rgyan bkod pa'i rgyal mo|Mother of the buddha Tiṣya.
spobs pa'i rgyan bkod pa|A bodhisattva in the buddhafield at the nadir called Appearing as Illumination.
spobs pa'i rgyan la dgongs pa|The name of a tathāgata presiding over a buddhafield to the south of the buddhafield Full of Pearls.
spobs pa'i snying po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnacandra.
spobs pa'i snying stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pratibhāna cakṣus.
spobs pa'i spyan|The 739th buddha in the first list, 738th in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
spobs pa'i tog|A buddha of the past.
spobs pa'i tshogs|The 772nd buddha in the first list, 771st in the second list, and 761st in the third list.
spobs pa|Inspiration, presence of mind, self-confidence, or quick-wittedness, particularly as manifested in speech.
spobs pa|Inspiration and courage that manifests in particular in one’s endowment with brilliant abilities in oration.
spobs pa|Intelligence or inspiration that allows one to talk in the most appropriate way even for very long stretches of time.
spobs pa|The Tibetan word literally means “confidence” or “courage” but it refers to confident speech, to being perfectly eloquent, especially in expressing the Dharma.
spobs pa|The quality of intelligence, inspiration, and confident knowledge that allows one to teach and talk in the most appropriate way, even for very long stretches of time.
spobs pa|The translation is meant to somehow echo the etymology of prati + bhāna (“forth” + “shine”), and the term does mean something like “intelligence,” “inspiration,” or “eloquence,” often referring to the intelligent presence of mind that allows one to speak in the most appropriate way, even for very long stretches of time.
spong ba bzhi|Four types of right effort consisting in (1) abandoning existing negative mind states, (2) abandoning the production of such states, (3) giving rise to virtuous mind states that are not yet produced, and (4) letting those states continue.
spong ba'i 'du byed|The Nibandhana explains that this refers to a standard list of eight assembled factors: zest (chanda), effort (vyāyāma), faith (śraddhā), mindfulness (smṛti), discerning awareness (saṁprajanya), intention (cetanā), and equanimity (upekṣā) (Samtani 1971, p. 221).
spong ba'i shugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mokṣavrata (852 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spong ba|Father of the buddha Kṛtārtha.
spong byed|A country.
spong byed|A temple on Mount Gośṛṅga.
spong byed|A name assumed by Prince Kuśa, the Buddha in a former life.
spong byed|The name of the country in which Māyā and Mahā māya are said to have been born in “The Story of Keśinī” from The Hundred Deeds.
spong byed|One of the sixteen principal mahājanapadas (great countries) of ancient India, and a confederacy of eight or nine clans. It extended from the north bank of the Ganges opposite Pāṭaliputra up to the Madhesh regions of present southern Nepal.
spong dga'|Attendant of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
spong spobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Deśāmūḍha.
spos 'byung|A grove in Lateral.
spos 'das|A buddha realm.
spos 'od 'phro ba'i sprin phun sum tshogs pa'i rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
spos 'od|Name of a tathāgata.
spos 'od|The name of a bodhisattva.
spos 'od|Attendant of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
spos 'od|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Great Ornament.
spos 'od|The 870th buddha in the first list, 869th in the second list, and 859th in the third list.
spos bkod pa'i zas|Deities who attend on the Buddha Sugandhakūta in the universe Sarva gandha sugandhā.
spos bkod pa|A buddha realm.
spos brtsegs 'od zer|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
spos brtsegs|A buddha realm.
spos brtsegs|A peak upon Mount Sumeru.
spos brtsegs|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
spos bzangs|Father of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
spos bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Parvatendra.
spos bzangs|The 266th buddha in the first list, 265th in the second list, and 265th in the third list.
spos bzang|Father of the buddha Caraṇabhrāja.
spos can|A buddha realm.
spos can|A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 728th in the third list.
spos chu|A river in the realm of the Four Great Kings.
spos dkar|Vateria indica.
spos dpag med snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Fragrant with an Ocean of Incense.
spos dpal|A buddha realm.
spos dpal|A great bodhisattva.
spos dpal|Father of the buddha Gandhahastin.
spos dri myur sbyin me tog kun tu rgyas|The name of a bodhisattva. “Instantly Fragrant Blooming Flower.”
spos dri yod pa|Realm of the Buddha Ratnābha.
spos dri zhim pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhavikrāmin (944 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spos dri zhim|The 139th buddha in the first list, 139th in the second list, and 139th in the third list.
spos glang|The 319th buddha in the first list, 318th in the second list, and 313th in the third list.
spos gnas|The 667th buddha in the first list, 666th in the second list, and 658th in the third list.
spos gsal|Birthplace of the buddha Gandhahastin.
spos gzi|The 650th buddha in the first list, 649th in the second list, and 641st in the third list.
spos kun ldan|A queen of Rāhu, king of asuras.
spos kun tu rnam par yangs pa|A buddha in a southern realm.
spos kyi 'od 'phro ba rab tu snang ba'i rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
spos kyi 'od zer rab tu snang ba|A southeastern buddha realm.
spos kyi 'od|A buddha realm.
spos kyi 'od|The thirty-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
spos kyi bal glang glang po che chen po|A bodhisattva.
spos kyi brgyan pa|A buddha realm.
spos kyi dbang phyug rgyal po'i blo can sems|Son of the buddha Gandhatejas.
spos kyi dbang phyug rgyal po|The name of a bodhisattva. “Fragrant Sovereign King.”
spos kyi dbang phyug rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Lord of Movement.
spos kyi dbang phyug rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Udadhi.
spos kyi dbang phyug|Father of the buddha Gandhahastin.
spos kyi dbang phyug|The 166th buddha in the first list, 165th in the second list, and 165th in the third list.
spos kyi dbang phyug|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amoghagāmin (643 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spos kyi dbyangs|Third of the five great kings.
spos kyi dpal|A buddha.
spos kyi dpal|A great bodhisattva.
spos kyi dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pradīpa (963 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spos kyi gdugs|A buddha.
spos kyi glang po che rlung gi stobs dang mnyam pa'i shugs can|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
spos kyi glang po che|A buddha.
spos kyi glang po che|A great bodhisattva.
spos kyi glang po che|A bodhisattva residing in a buddha realm in the southern direction at the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
spos kyi glang po che|A principal bodhisattva in the Mahāyāna sūtras. He is described in this sūtra as coming from Akṣobhya’s realm.
spos kyi glang po|Name of a bodhisattva.
spos kyi glang po|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
spos kyi glang po|The 249th buddha in the first list, 248th in the second list, and 248th in the third list.
spos kyi glang po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṛtāntadarśin (971 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spos kyi gzi brjid rnam par snang bar byed pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gandhatejas.
spos kyi khang pa|A buddha.
spos kyi khang pa|Literally “perfumed chamber,” this was the name given to the Buddha’s personal room at the Jetavana monastery. The term was then later applied to the room in any monastery where an image of the Buddha was installed to signify his presence. In the context of an Action Tantra, the term seems to refer generically to a shrine chamber, perhaps one specifically enshrining the deity that is the focus of a given rite.
spos kyi khyu mchog|A buddha.
spos kyi mar me|A buddha in a southeastern buddha realm.
spos kyi mchod rten|Mother of the buddha Sugandha.
spos kyi me tog|A buddha.
spos kyi myu gu'i rtse mo las 'od kyi sprin 'byung ba|A park in another world in the distant past.
spos kyi ngad ldang ba|A legendary mountain north of the Himalayas, with Lake Anavatapta, the source of the world’s great rivers, at its base. It is said to be south of Mount Kailash, though both have been identified with Mount Tise in western Tibet. In other sūtras translated as {spos ngad can}, {spos ngad ldang}, and {spos nad ldan}.
spos kyi ngad ldang|A buddha realm.
spos kyi ngad ldang|A mountain east of Mount Sumeru.
spos kyi ngad ldang|A mountain to the east of Mount Sumeru.
spos kyi ngad ldang|A mountain or mountain range closely associated with solitary buddhas.
spos kyi ngad ldang|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas.
spos kyi ngad ldan|Name of a mountain.
spos kyi ngad ldan|A mountain known for its incense trees.
spos kyi ngad ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samantadarśin (420 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spos kyi rgyal mtshan|A royal city in the distant past.
spos kyi rgyal po|A buddha.
spos kyi rgyan yid du 'ong ba'i dge ba'i snying po|A world realm in the northwest.
spos kyi sku|A tathāgata.
spos kyi sprin gyis brgyan pa'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm in the southeastern direction.
spos kyi tshal|Alternative name for Forest of Music.
spos kyis brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Surabhigandha.
spos kyis rgyags mdzad|A buddha.
spos kyis rnam par brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Sugandha.
spos kyis yongs su gang ba rin chen brtsegs pa|The buddhafield of the Thus-Gone One Suvarṇa bhadra vimala ratna prabhā savrata siddhi.
spos ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Buddhimati.
spos ldan|A buddha realm.
spos ldan|Father of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
spos ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Gandhahastin.
spos ldan|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Fount of Jewels.
spos ldan|Lit. “Fragrant.” The city in which the bodhisattva great being Dharmodgata resides.
spos mchog 'od|A grove in Presence of Joy.
spos mchog brtsegs pa|Buddha of the universe Sarva gandha sugandhā, from whom Vimalakīrti’s emanation-bodhisattva obtains the vessel of ambrosial food that magically feeds the entire assembly without diminishing in the slightest.
spos mchog dpal|A buddha.
spos mchog dpal|A great bodhisattva.
spos mchog rgyal po|A buddha.
spos mchog rgyal po|Son of the buddha Ṛṣideva.
spos mchog smra ba|A bodhisattva who seeks a prophecy from Śākyamuni.
spos mchog|A buddha realm.
spos mchog|Name of a tathāgata.
spos mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Añjana.
spos mchog|Mother of the buddha Caraṇabhrāja.
spos med mchog gi lhun po|A buddha.
spos nad ldan|A legendary mountain north of the Himalayas, with Lake Anavatapta, the source of the worlds great rivers, at its base. It is said to be south of Mount Kailash, though both have been identified with Mount Tise in west Tibet.
spos ngad ldang|Name of a mountain range, better known as Gandhamādana.
spos ngad zhim po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ugrasena (517 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spos ngad|A legendary mountain north of the Himalayas, with Lake Anavatapta, the source of the world’s great rivers, at its base. It is said to be south of Mount Kailash, though both have been identified with Mount Tise in west Tibet.
spos pra ma tsa ri|Clerodendrum indicum.
spos rab btang|A great bodhisattva.
spos rab khyu mchog|A buddha.
spos rigs btsun|A buddha realm.
spos rtsegs|A buddha.
spos sgron sprin gyi dpal|A buddha realm in the distant past. BHS verse: Gandha pradīpa megha śiri.
spos sna tshogs|A buddha realm.
spos sreg|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṛtārtha (970 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spos thams cad kyi 'od dang ldan pa|A western buddha realm.
spos thams cad kyi dri mchog|Universe of the Buddha Gandhottama kūṭa; a universe wherein the Dharma is taught through the medium of scent. According to Lamotte, p. 319, n. 2, this universe is mentioned in the Śikṣāsamuccaya, the Laṇkāvatāra, and the Prasannapadā. However, In the Prasannapadā, this universe is said to be ruled by Samantabhadra, not Gandhottama kūṭa (see Lamotte, p. 320, n. 3).
spos thams cad snang ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Jewel Light.
spos thams cad yang dag par 'phags pa|Name of a buddha realm located in the northern direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Also called Manifestation of All Sounds.
spo|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Beta Leonis in the occidental tradition.
spra ba'i me tog|Sesbania grandiflora.
spra bzhin zla ba gdong|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
spras pa|A forest of the asuras.
spre'u rdzing|A pond in the city of Vaiśālī.
spre'u rdzing|The “monkey pond” near Vaiśālī.
spre'u rdzing|Literally “Monkey Pond,” the name of a pond and/or caitya at, or near, Vaiśālī (Edgerton 420.1).
sprin 'byung ma|A goddess.
sprin 'du bar mdzad|A tathāgata.
sprin 'dzin|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twenty-fourth week.
sprin 'dzin|994–1043; Indian (possibly Bengali) paṇḍita who visited Tibet three times; teacher of Drokmi Śākya Yeshé; a complex personality and a key figure in the transmission to Tibet of the Hevajra materials later incorporated in the Lamdré ({lam 'bras}) tradition.
sprin 'khor ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
sprin 'od|A goddess.
sprin 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
sprin bcibs ma|A goddess.
sprin brtsegs|King Sudarśana’s elephant.
sprin byung|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin bzhugs ma|A goddess.
sprin chen 'brug bsgrags dbyangs|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen 'byung|A tathāgata.
sprin chen 'dren spyod|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen 'od mdzad|A tathāgata.
sprin chen 'od rgyas|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen 'od zer|A buddha.
sprin chen 'phags|A tathāgata.
sprin chen blo gros rgya mtsho|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen bsil 'byung mi dga' rab 'joms sgra zab sgrogs pa|A tathāgata.
sprin chen bsil bar gyur|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen byin|A tathāgata.
sprin chen chu 'dzin|A goddess.
sprin chen chu rgyas blo gros|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen dbang phyug|A tathāgata.
sprin chen ded dpon mig|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen dpal ldan skar mdog can|A goddess.
sprin chen dpyod pa la mkhas pa'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen gdugs|A tathāgata.
sprin chen glog gi 'od kyi dra ba can|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen ldan ma|A goddess.
sprin chen lta ba'i dus tshod rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen mthu rtsal dpa' bo|A tathāgata.
sprin chen mu stegs su gyur pa'i dbang phyug|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen phreng ldan ma|A goddess.
sprin chen po ltar nam mkha' mthong nas bsgrags pa|A tathāgata.
sprin chen po'i chu 'dzin ma|A goddess.
sprin chen po'i glog 'bar ba'i tshogs|A tathāgata.
sprin chen po|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
sprin chen rab dga'|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen rgya mtsho 'gengs|A tathāgata.
sprin chen rim pa'i thog tog sel ba|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen seng ge|A tathāgata.
sprin chen sgra ldan|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen snying po|The name of a bodhisattva in this discourse.
sprin chen snying po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen stag|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen ud pa la|A tathāgata.
sprin chen ya mtshan la mkhas pa|A bodhisattva present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin chen|A buddha realm.
sprin chen|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin dang bral ba|In the Sarvāstivāda tradition, the lowest of the three paradises that correspond to the fourth dhyāna in the form realm.
sprin dang ldan pa|The realm of the Buddha Cloud King.
sprin dang rnga sgra rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past. Also the name of a prince in the distant past.
sprin dkar po 'dzin pa|A mountain in Kuru.
sprin dkar po rgyu ba|A mountain in Kuru, the same as White Cloud Keeper.
sprin dkar po|A forest on Saṅkāśa.
sprin gdugs|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin gsal ma|A goddess.
sprin gyi 'gros|A river on Saṅkāśa.
sprin gyi 'khor ldan|A goddess.
sprin gyi 'od zer|A great bodhisattva.
sprin gyi 'od|A tathāgata.
sprin gyi 'od|Mother of the buddha Arthavādin.
sprin gyi bsrungs|A buddha in the southern direction.
sprin gyi chu 'dzin|A tathāgata.
sprin gyi chung ma|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin gyi cod pan ldan ma|A goddess.
sprin gyi dbang phyug rgyal po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin gyi dbyangs kyi sgra|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
sprin gyi dbyangs|Two different individuals in this sūtra: (1) a son of King Sarvārthasiddha and (2) a bodhisattva disciple of King of the Lunar Lamp.
sprin gyi dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sucīrṇavipāka (878 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sprin gyi dkyil 'khor chen po|A tathāgata.
sprin gyi dpal|In chapter 4, the kalyāṇamitra bhikṣu in South India. In chapter 36, the name of a buddha in the distant past. In chapter 44, this is the name of a future buddha in this kalpa. BHS verse: Meghaśiri.
sprin gyi gnas la gnas pa|A tathāgata.
sprin gyi kha dog|A world system.
sprin gyi mdog|A past buddha.
sprin gyi nags|A forest on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Krakucchanda.
sprin gyi nye 'khor chos la dbang ba|A nāga who visits Saṅkāśa Mountain.
sprin gyi phreng ba mnga' ma|A goddess.
sprin gyi rgyal po|A monk.
sprin gyi rgyal po|A buddha
sprin gyi rgyal po|A bodhisattva.
sprin gyi rnga sgra|The 758th buddha in the first list, 757th in the second list, and 747th in the third list.
sprin gyi shugs can|A mythical horse.
sprin gyi shugs can|A horse king who was the Buddha in a former life.
sprin gyi snying po|A goddess.
sprin gyi tshal|(1) A forest in Draped with Jewels. (2) A forest on Flocking Peacocks.
sprin gyis lo tog skyed|A tathāgata.
sprin gyis rnam par brgyan ma|A goddess.
sprin gzugs mtha' yas|A tathāgata.
sprin kyi 'od zer|A great bodhisattva.
sprin kyi blo gros|A king.
sprin la gnas bcas ma|A goddess.
sprin las mngon byung|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin ldan ma|A goddess.
sprin ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Pramodyakīrti.
sprin ldan|Son of the buddha Sāra.
sprin ldan|Attendant of the buddha Supraṇaṣṭamoha.
sprin ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Amoghavikramin.
sprin ldan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃha.
sprin lta bu'i na bza' man bsam|A goddess.
sprin lta bu'i na bza' mnabs pa|A tathāgata.
sprin ltar dkar brtsegs|A forest in Dwelling on Summits.
sprin ltar rnam par 'joms pa|A tathāgata.
sprin med|First of three heavens of gods on the fourth concentration level.
sprin med|The tenth heaven of the realm of form; also the name of the gods living there.
sprin med|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, first of three levels of the fourth dhyāna realm.
sprin med|Tenth god realm of form, meaning “cloudless,” it is the lowest of the three realms in the fourth dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
sprin med|The tenth of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the third or, according to the Mvy, fourth meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-269 .
sprin med|Lit. “Cloudless.” The tenth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍‍, or Śuddhāvāsa, it is listed as the first of the three heavens that correspond to the fourth of the four concentrations.
sprin mthu can|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin pa'i rgyal po|A common epithet for a buddha.
sprin phreng can|A virtuous nāga king.
sprin phreng|A virtuous nāga king.
sprin phreng|A lotus pool in Lateral.
sprin po che|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Aparājita dhvaja.
sprin rab tu 'byed par byed pa|A class of vidyādharas.
sprin rgya chen|A tathāgata.
sprin sbyin|A buddha.
sprin sdud|A tathāgata.
sprin sgra dbyangs|A buddha in the distant past.
sprin sgra mar me|A buddha in the northern direction.
sprin sgra rgyal po|A buddha in the northern direction. Also the name of millions of buddhas in the distant past.
sprin sgrogs ma|A goddess.
sprin sgrogs|A brahmin.
sprin stug chen po|A tathāgata.
sprin stug po|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Always Fragrant
sprin stug po|Name of the thus-gone one venerated by Always Fragrant when he was engaged in the conduct of the bodhisattvas.
sprin tog|The 965th buddha in the first list, 964th in the second list, and 955th in the third list.
sprin tshal|A park where the buddha Voice Proclaiming the Cloud of Dharma resided.
sprin zla|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin|A nāga lady from a previous time.
sprin|A mountain on the continent of Kuru.
sprin|A Dravidian, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 7.
sprin|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
sprin|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sprin|Forty-sixth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
spro ba brtan pa|One of the bodhisattva great beings.
sprod pa med pa|Free from concepts or mental fabrications.
spros pa med pa|A term used and translated variously in Indian and Buddhist literature. Closely related to being free of conceptualization, it refers here to the simple nature of phenomena, their emptiness without the conceptualization of the mind that is imposed upon them.
spros pa|Also called “constructs,” “mental constructs,” “mental fabrication,” or “proliferations.”
spros pa|This term denotes the presence of discursive or conceptual thought processes. Their absence or deconstruction is characteristic of the realization of emptiness or ultimate reality.
spros pa|An etymologically obscure term, which can mean elaboration, diffusion, or expansion, but is basically describing the mind’s conceptualization, and is always connected to the words for notions and ideas, and mental fabrications.
spros pa|This term often refers to the mental elaborations that characterize the conceptual mind, but in this text it also carries the sense of meaningless talk.\nThis less technical sense of “pointless speculation” is captured in Bodhiruci’s Chinese translation, where xilun 戲論 has the meaning of “intellectual frivolity” and “frivolous discourse,” as well as being the Chinese rendering of the more technical senses of prapañca.
sprul pa bzang po'i rgyal mtshan sgron ma|A realm in the distant past.
sprul pa bzang po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
sprul pa bzang po|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
sprul pa tshad med par snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Free of Poverty.
sprul pa'i 'khor lo|The energy center (cakra) in the navel.
sprul pa'i brgya byin|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
sprul pa'i sku|The aspect of the Buddha that appears to ordinary sentient beings.
sprul pa'i sku|The “body of transformation,” one of the three (sometimes four) bodies of the Buddha.
sprul pa'i sku|A body manifested by a tathāgata perceivable by ordinary senses; one of the two “form bodies” (rūpakāya).
sprul pa'i sku|Nirmāṇakāya or body of manifestation. Aspect of buddhahood perceptible to ordinary individuals with good karma.
sprul pa'i sku|The buddha body of emanation is the visible and usually physical manifestation of fully enlightened beings which arises spontaneously from the expanse of the buddha body of reality, whenever appropriate‌, in accordance with the diverse dispositions of sentient beings.
sprul pa'i sprin sgra snyan pa'i dpal mnga'|A buddha in the distant past. BHS in verse: Nirmita megha susvara śiri.
sprul pa|A god.
sprul pa|This refers to the miraculous power of the buddhas, and bodhisattvas at a certain stage of spiritual development, to project emanations of themselves in order to develop and teach sentient beings.
sprul pa|One of the classes of beings barred from joining the renunciate order. The word {sprul pa} denotes a wide range of phenomena—emanations, apparitions, conjurings, shape-shifting creatures, etc.—all united by their tendency to morph through their own agency or another’s. We have therefore translated {sprul pa} according to context as “emanation” or “shape shifter.”
sprul pa|This refers to the miraculous power of the Buddha and bodhisattvas of a certain stage to emanate apparently living beings in order to develop and teach living beings. This power reaches its culmination in the nirmāṇa kayā, the “incarnation body,” which is one of the three bodies of buddhahood and includes all physical forms of all buddhas, including Śākyamuni, whose sole function as incarnations is the development and liberation of living beings.
sprul sku|The visible and usually physical manifestation of fully enlightened beings which arises spontaneously from the expanse of the body of reality, whenever appropriate‌, in accordance with the diverse dispositions of sentient beings.
spu brgyus pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twelfth week.
spu gri ba|A vulture king.
spu gri so|“Razor Blade,” one of the hells.
spu gri|The Maitraka dynasty that started from Dharasena I.
spu gtsang ba|Fifty-second of the eighty minor marks.
spu khung bu re re nas skyes pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the thirteenth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
spu mthon ting can|Fifty-first of the eighty minor marks.
spu zing zhes byed pa'i 'jigs bral|A buddha.
spu'i khung bu thams cad nas dri yid du 'ong ba 'byung ba|Fortieth of the eighty minor marks.
spug gi shing dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Moon Light.
spug|Understandings of what {spug} might refer to vary, but it could be musāragalva (Pali masāragalla), i.e., a green precious stone, a cat’s eye, or pukh as in pukhraj, i.e., yellow sapphire.
spug|Musāragalva is fossilized coral that has undergone transformation under millions of years of underwater pressure. It appears in one version of the list of seven precious materials. The Tibetan tradition describes it as being formed from ice over a long period of time. It can also refer to tridacna (Tridacnidae) shell, which is also presently referred to by the name musaragalva. Attempts to identify musāragalva have included sapphire, cat’s eye, red coral, conch, and amber.
spug|White coral is fossilized coral. It appears in one version of the list of seven precious materials. The Tibetan tradition describes it as being formed from ice over a long period of time. It is coral that has undergone transformation under millions of years of underwater pressure. It can also refer to tridacna (Tridacnidae) shell, which is also presently referred to by the name musaragalva. Attempts to identify musalagalva have included sapphire, cat’s eye, red coral, conch, and amber.
spungs pa can|A city or village.
spyad pa spyod pa|caryācaritāvin in the https://read.84000.co/translation/toh107.html .
spyan btud|A buddha.
spyan bzang po|A buddha in the distant past listed in chapter 33; also the name of a future buddha of this kalpa listed in chapter 44.
spyan bzangs|A buddha.
spyan bzang|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
spyan bzang|Name of a teacher; a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
spyan chen po|A buddha.
spyan dang yan lag dri med|A buddha in the distant past.
spyan gyi tshogs yongs su rdzogs pa|Twenty-ninth of the thirty-two major marks.
spyan ldan dri med|A buddha.
spyan legs|Father of the buddha Priya cakṣurvaktra.
spyan legs|Not listed in the first list, the 11th buddha in the second list, and 11th in the third list.
spyan lnga'i mig bzang po|The five kinds of eyes possessed by a thus-gone one: the eye of flesh, the divine eye, the eye of Dharma, the eye of insight, and the eye of a buddha.
spyan lnga|The “five types of vision” are the physical, divine, prajñā, Dharma, and jñāna eyes.
spyan lnga|The five kinds of eyes possessed by a tathāgata. Namely, the eye of flesh, the divine eye, the eye of Dharma, the eye of insight, and the eye of a buddha.
spyan ma|The chief goddess of the jewel family, personifying the true nature of the element of earth.
spyan ma|The uṣṇīṣa goddess of the Tathāgata family; also one of the vidyārājñīs attending the delivery of the MMK.
spyan ma|A female deity in one of the variants of the maṇḍala of Caṇḍa mahā roṣaṇa; also the name of the consort of Ratna sambhava.
spyan mchog|A buddha.
spyan mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amohavihārin (810 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spyan mdzes ldan pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Cāritraka (882 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spyan mdzes ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
spyan mdzes|A buddha.
spyan mdzes|(1) A buddha in the past. (2) A non-Buddhist teacher, an ascetic.
spyan mdzes|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas.
spyan mdzes|The 522nd buddha in the first list, 522nd in the second list, and 515th in the third list.
spyan mi 'gyur ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
spyan mi bzang|The king of the nāgas (one of the four great kings of the directions).
spyan mtha' yas|A buddha.
spyan mthon mthing la ba'i rdzi ma 'dra ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the sixth of the thirty-two signs of a great being. This matches the list found in the Mahāvyutpatti, no. 240, but in other lists this is represented as two separate signs: “dark blue eyes” and “bovine eyelashes.”
spyan mthon ting lta bu|Twenty-eighth of the thirty-two major marks.
spyan ni mtha' yas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Laḍitavikrama (302 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug gi 'od|A tathāgata.
spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug|The bodhisattva of compassion; one of the bodhisattvas in the retinue of the Buddha.
spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug|One of the main bodhisattva disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni, praised for his compassion.
spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug|One of the most popular bodhisattvas in the Mahāyāna Buddhist pantheon and one of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha, he is the embodiment of compassion.
spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug|Bodhisattva embodying the compassion of all the buddhas.\nFor the reason why he received this name, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-002.html#UT22084-051-002-40 .
spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug|A bodhisattva who first appears in the Sukhāvatī vyūha sūtra (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh115.html) and then in a number of other Mahāyāna sūtras such as the Sad dharma puṇḍarīka (https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html). Avalokiteśvara develops into a great bodhisattva who embodies compassion with multiple forms in Indian, Chinese, and Tibetan Buddhism.
spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug|First appeared as a bodhisattva beside Amitābha in the Sukhāvatī vyūha Sūtra ( https://read.84000.co/translation/toh115.html , Toh 115). The name has been variously interpreted. In its meaning as “the lord of avalokita,” avalokita has been interpreted as “seeing,” although, as a past passive participle, it is literally “lord of what has been seen.” One of the principal sūtras in the Mahāsāṃghika tradition was the Avalokita Sūtra, which has not been translated into Tibetan, in which the word is a synonym for enlightenment, as it is “that which has been seen” by the buddhas. In the early tantras, he was one of the lords of the three families, as the embodiment of the compassion of the Buddhas. The Potalaka Mountain in South India became important in Southern Indian Buddhism as his residence in this world, but Potalaka does not feature in the Kāraṇḍa vyūha Sūtra ( https://read.84000.co/translation/toh116 , Toh 116), which is the most important sūtra dedicated to Avalokiteśvara.
spyan ras gzigs dbang po|One of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha, the embodiment of compassion. He first appeared as a bodhisattva beside Amitābha in the Sukhāvatī Sūtra. The name has been variously interpreted. In his name meaning “the lord of avalokita,” avalokita has been interpreted as “seeing,” although as a past passive participle, it is literally “lord of what has been seen.” One of the principal sūtras in the Mahāsamghika tradition, not translated into Tibetan, was the Avalokita Sūtra, in which the word is a synonym for awakening, as it is “that which has been seen” by the buddhas. In the early tantras, he is one of the lords of the three families, as the embodiment of the compassion of the buddhas.
spyan ras gzigs kyi blo sgrub me tog|A buddha.
spyan ras gzigs kyi dbang phyug|One of the main bodhisattva disciples of the buddha Śākyamuni, praised for his compassion.
spyan ras gzigs kyi dbang phyug|A bodhisattva emblematic of the great compassion; of great importance in Tibet as special protector of the religious life of the country and in China, in female form, as Kwanyin, protectress of women, children, and animals.
spyan ras gzigs kyi nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
spyan ras gzigs|Bodhisattva of compassion. One of the eight main bodhisattvas, the heart sons of the Buddha.
spyan ras gzigs|One of the main bodhisattva disciples of the Buddha Śākyamuni, he is renowned for his compassion.
spyan ras gzigs|The bodhisattva who embodies compassion, also mentioned in this text as Āryāva loki teśvara, the noble Avaloki teśvara.
spyan ras gzigs|One of the most popular bodhisattvas in the Mahāyāna Buddhist pantheon and one of the eight “close sons” of the Buddha. He is regarded as the embodiment of compassion.
spyan ras gzigs|A prominent bodhisattva and buddha of the Mahāyāna pantheon, he is considered the embodiment of compassion. In esoteric literature, he presides over the lotus clan (padmakula).
spyan ras gzigs|First appeared as a bodhisattva beside Amitābha in the Sukhāvati vyūha. The name has been variously interpreted. “The lord of Avalokita,” Avalokita has been interpreted as “seeing,” although, as a past passive participle, it is literally “lord of what has been seen.” One of the principal sūtras in the Mahā sāṃghika tradition was the Avalokita Sūtra, which has not been translated into Tibetan, in which the word is a synonym for enlightenment, as it is “that which has been seen” by the buddhas. In the early tantras he was one of the lords of the three families, as the embodiment of the compassion of the buddhas. The Potalaka Mountain in South India became important in Southern Indian Buddhism as his residence in this world, but Potalaka does not feature in the Kāraṇḍa vyūha.
spyan rig|A buddha.
spyan sdug pa|The 556th buddha in the first list, 556th in the second list, and 549th in the third list.
spyan sdug zhal|The 759th buddha in the first list, 758th in the second list, and 748th in the third list.
spyan sdug|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhadravaktra (862 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spyan tshad med pa|A buddha.
spyan yangs pa|Fifty-third of the eighty minor marks.
spyan yangs shing ba'i rdzi ma lta bu|Twenty-seventh of the thirty-two major marks.
spyan yangs|A deity.
spyang lto|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
spyan|The chief goddess of the jewel family, personifying the true nature of the element of earth.
spyan|One of the goddesses in the maṇḍala of Mañjuśrī. Her name is rendered elsewhere in this translation as “Locanā.”
spyan|A technical astrological expression indicating that the aspect of the planet that “looks” is exercising influence on the planet it looks upon, and, indirectly, also on the affected person.
spyi bo skyes|Another name for Māndhātṛ, a wheel-turning king who was the Buddha in a former life. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-3140 .
spyi bo'i gdu bu|One of the wrathful emanations of Vajrapāṇi.
spyi bo|Location visited for pleasure by Śakra and his entourage.
spyi gtsug bltar mi mngon pa|Seventy-first of the eighty minor marks in this text, although it does not figure in other lists of the minor marks. It is considered as a feature of the crown extension (uṣṇīṣa) in some texts and an additional, separate mark of a tathāgata in others. See also Unseen Pinnacle.
spyi gtsug bltar mi mthong ba|A feature of the uṣṇīṣa whereby its top, or its upward extent, cannot be seen.
spyi gtsug bltar mi mthong ba|Name of the seventh meditative stability. See also Pinnacle of their crown cannot be seen.
spyi gtsug bltar mi mthong ba|Seventy-first of the eighty minor marks in this text, although it does not figure in other lists of the minor marks. It is considered as a feature of the crown extension (uṣṇīṣa) in some texts and an additional, separate mark of a tathāgata in others. See also Unseen Pinnacle.
spyi gtsug bltar mi mthong ba|One of the features of a tathāgata, sometimes included as an additional characteristic of the uṣṇīṣa (q.v.) and sometimes as a separate sign, either within the major and minor marks or in addition to them. Although sometimes explained with the sense almost of a prohibition against looking down on a tathāgata from above, it is more usually linked to the idea that the uṣṇīṣa extends upwards so far that its top is literally out of sight. Its mention in this text relates to the overall stature of a tathāgata, presumably in more than one sense.
spyi gtsug rnam par lta ba|Lit. “seeing from the top of the head.” Name of a meditative stabilization. (Kimura has avalokita mūrdhā)
spyi gtsug thar|A realm of the vessel-bearer gods.
spyi gtsug|One of the mantra deities.
spyi gtsug|This is listed on https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2379 as the last (33rd) of the major marks.
spyi gtsug|One of the thirty-two marks of a great being, in its simplest form it is a pointed shape to the head (like a turban), or more elaborately a dome-shaped protuberance, or even an invisible protuberance of infinite height.
spyi ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
spyi'u tshugs kyi phyogs ye shes kyis snang bar mdzad pa'i rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
spyil bu can|A village.
spyil bu can|A settlement / village in the country of Vṛji. According to a commentary on the Mahāvaṃsa, the Vaṃsatthappakāsinī, it is one gāvuta (about two miles) away from the river Ganges.
spyin med|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
spyin mos|A great bodhisattva.
spyin pa|The practice of giving or making offerings to others. One of the six perfections of the bodhisattva.
spyo bo nas dbang bskur ba|Inauguration through sprinkling water on the head; a custom used for anointing kings in ancient India.
spyod bzang|The 922nd buddha in the first list, 921st in the second list, and 912th in the third list.
spyod can|A general term for non-Buddhist religious mendicants, often occurring together with parivrājaka and nirgrantha in stock lists of followers of non-Buddhist movements.
spyod gsal|The 875th buddha in the first list, 874th in the second list, and 865th in the third list.
spyod lam bzhi po|Walking, standing, sitting, and lying down.
spyod lam bzhi|Walking, standing, sitting, and lying down.
spyod lam bzhi|The four acceptable norms of behavior concern posture while walking, standing, sitting, and lying down. See Nordrang Orgyen (2008), 718–719.
spyod lam ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Yaśoratna.
spyod lam ldan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
spyod lam phun sum tshogs pa|Eighteenth of the eighty minor marks.
spyod lam thams cad kyis 'dul ba mi 'khrugs pa kun tu ston pa|A bodhisattva mahāsattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
spyod lam zhi bas nye bar zhi bar 'gro ba|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
spyod lam|Sitting, standing, lying down, walking.
spyod ngan ma|‟Impetuous One,” one of the eight demonesses who inhabit the eight great charnel grounds.
spyod pa ba|A non-Buddhist wanderer, often grouped with the Parivrājakas.
spyod pa ba|In Buddhist usage, a general term for non-Buddhist religious mendicants, paired with parivrājaka in stock lists of followers of heretical movements.
spyod pa bcu|According to the list in Madhyānta vibhāga 5.9, the ten practices are writing out, worshiping, making a gift of, listening to, reading, taking up in the mind, explicating, reciting to oneself what one has memorized of, contemplating, and meditating on the perfection of wisdom.
spyod pa bla ma|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
spyod pa brtan pa|One of the four principal bodhisattvas who emerged from the ground at the time of the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra.
spyod pa can|Mother of the buddha Maṅgalin.
spyod pa can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Cīrṇabuddhi.
spyod pa can|A tīrthika-style renunciate. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1896 .
spyod pa can|Evidently a general term for homeless religious mendicants, occurring paired with parivrājaka in stock lists of followers of heretical movements.
spyod pa can|In Buddhist usage, a general term for non-Buddhist religious mendicants, paired with parivrājaka in stock lists of followers of heretical movements.
spyod pa dag pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Svaracodaka (838 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spyod pa dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Caraṇaprasanna.
spyod pa dang ldan pa|Name of sixty-ninth meditative stability.
spyod pa dang ldan pa|Lit. “act possessor.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
spyod pa gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anantatejas (667 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spyod pa khyad par can|A buddha.
spyod pa khyad par can|A great bodhisattva.
spyod pa khyad par can|One of the four principal bodhisattvas who emerged from the ground at the time of the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra.
spyod pa ma 'khrul gsal ba'i rgyal po|Father of the buddha Sulocana.
spyod pa ma 'khrul|Mother of the buddha Madaprahīṇa.
spyod pa ma bcos pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prabhāsthita kalpa.
spyod pa mi gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśāntagātra.
spyod pa mtha' yas|One of the four principal bodhisattvas who emerged from the ground at the time of the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra.
spyod pa pa|A religious mendicant; in Buddhist texts this is often paired with parivrājaka in stock lists of followers of non-Buddhist ascetic traditions.
spyod pa pa|In Buddhist usage, a general term for non-Buddhist religious mendicants, often occurring paired with Skt. parivrājaka (“wanderer”) in stock lists of followers of non-Buddhist traditions.
spyod pa pa|A non-Buddhist philosophical school in ancient India. The name literally means "investigation" due to this school’s focus on examination of dharma (ritual obligations) with reference to the Vedas.
spyod pa pa|The follower of the Mīmāṃsā non-Buddhist philosophical school in ancient India. The term mīmāṃsā means “thoroughgoing analysis or investigation.” The school is commonly divided into two groups, the first of which (pūrvamīmāṃsā, karmamīmāṃsa) focuses on the correct interpretation of the Vedic hymns and rituals, and the second of which (uttaramīmāṃsā, brahmamīmāṃsā, etc.) focuses on the nature of universal reality.
spyod pa pa|“Wandering mendicant,” in Sanskrit literally “wanderer,” Pali paribbājaka. Refers to a class of Indian religious mendicants holding a variety of beliefs who wandered in India from ancient times, including during the time of the Buddha. These peripatetic ascetics, who included women in their number, engaged with one another in debate on a range of topics. Some of their metaphysical views are presented in the early Buddhist discourses of the Pali Canon.
spyod pa rab tu brtan pa|King and sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
spyod pa rnam dag blo gros|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
spyod pa rnam par dag pa|A bodhisattva of a past eon.
spyod pa rnam par dag|One of the four principal bodhisattvas who emerged from the ground at the time of the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra.
spyod pa tha dad med 'byung|A buddha.
spyod pa tha dad med|A great bodhisattva.
spyod pa thams cad dang ldan pa'i blo|Mahāvyutpatti 363.
spyod pa thams cad kyi yul la nges par 'byung ba|An absorption.
spyod pa thams cad kyi yul shes pa'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
spyod pa thams cad la 'jug pa|An absorption.
spyod pa thams cad la btang ba snang ba'i khyad par ston pa|Name of a meditative absorption.
spyod pa yongs su dag pa dang ldan pa|The buddha realm of the buddha Saṃkusumita.
spyod pa yongs su dag pa'i tog|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Mass of Virtue.
spyod pa zab ba'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
spyod pa zhi ba|Name of a buddha.
spyod pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Merudhvaja.
spyod pa'i blo gros|Bodhisattva of the west.
spyod pa'i blo gros|Son of the buddha Yaśadatta.
spyod pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sugandha.
spyod pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva and monastic teacher of a past eon; the Buddha Śākyamuni in a former life.
spyod pa'i blo gros|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mati (89 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
spyod pa'i blo gros|Lit. “Intelligence of Activity.” A bodhisattva from a world system called Upaśānta, in the western direction, who comes to pay homage and listen to the Buddha.
spyod pa'i rgyud|“Conduct tantras,” the second, middle category of the three outer tantras according to the new translation ({gsar ma}) traditions; in old translation ({rnying ma}) classifications the term Upa- or Ubhaya-tantra is more often used.
spyod pa'i sa|The level of devoted conduct is said to comprise the first two of the five paths, those of accumulation and preparation, which lead up to the path of seeing. This level is also presented as the second of seven spiritual levels in the Bodhisattva bhūmi,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4035.html which follows the initial level of the spiritual potential (gotrabhūmi).
spyod pa'i stegs|The 834th buddha in the first list, 833rd in the second list, and 823rd in the third list.
spyod par ldan|The 892nd buddha in the first list, 891st in the second list, and 882nd in the third list.
spyod pas grub pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
spyod pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānin.
spyod yul dpag tu med pa las yang dag par 'das pa'i rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
spyod yul|Literally, where cattle (Skt. go) range (Skt. cara), it refers to the mind’s sphere of operations, the cognitive domain.
sra ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha.
sra bar byed pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its tenth week.
srad bu'i rgyud 'dre ba dud pa ltar 'khrigs pa|A realm that neighbors the Hell of Intense Heat.
srag pa|A Tibetan rendering of the name of one of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
sran can|A hunter.
sran chan|Kulmāṣa is a soup or broth in which the rice or other grains have fermented. The Tibetan {sran chen} just means “cooked pulses.”
sran ma|Phaseolus mungo, Vigna mungo.
srang|A unit of weight equal to about forty-eight grams.
srang|A specific Indian weight equal to four karṣa, and equivalent to around thirty-five grams or an ounce.
srang|As a unit of weight, it equals four karṣa; as a unit of capacity, it equals about seven cubic inches, but this may vary from source to source.
srang|A weight that in both Indian and Tibetan systems is in the range of 30 to 50 grams. The Tibetan is often translated as an ounce.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-004.html#UT22084-051-004-832 .
srang|Though its precise units varied, one dharaṇa was generally >equivalent to ten palas or forty karṣa, and roughly equivalent to 350 grams, or near to a pound. The Tibetan translates both pala and dharaṇa as {srang} in this sūtra. Pala is said to be {srang} in the Mahāvyutpatti, but that dictionary has no equivalent for dharaṇa.
srang|Approximately ten ounces. One dharaṇa could be equivalent to between 3 and 5 grams, which could be from 50 to 70 grains, but that seems too small in relation to its usage in this sūtra. In one example of measurement used specifically for gold, a dharaṇa is equivalent to ten pala, or 40 suverna, or 640 māśa, or 3200 kṛṣṇala (black gañja seed), in which case the dharaṇa would be even smaller, equivalent to 1.5 grains. As there was no equivalent to dharaṇa in Tibetan, it was translated as {srang}, which in the Mahāvyutpatti https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4346.html is said to equal one pala, both being close to an ounce when used generally.
sras 'phan|A yakṣiṇī; a rākṣasī in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559). https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
sre mo 'gram|A bhūta king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sred med bu mo|Female form of Nārāyaṇa, which is another name for Viṣṇu.
sred med bu yi mthu rtsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Akṣobhya (484 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sred med bu|A future buddha.
sred med bu|A name of Viṣṇu.
sred med bu|Epithet of Viṣṇu.
sred med bu|An epithet of Viṣṇu.
sred med bu|The 250th buddha in the first list, 249th in the second list, and 249th in the third list.
sred med bu|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Aparājita dhvaja (131 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
sred med grags|Attendant of the buddha Dīptatejas.
sred med kyi bu chen po|A powerful deity of the desire realm, more commonly known as Viṣṇu.
sred med kyi bu'i 'od|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
sred med kyi bu'i ltar sku grims pa|Second of the eighty minor marks. See “Nārāyaṇa.”
sred med kyi bu|Major deity in the pantheon of the classical Indian religious traditions, he is famous for this strength.
sred med kyi bu|A great bodhisattva, a buddha, and one of the ten incarnations of the Hindu deity Viṣṇu, embodying superhuman strength.
sred med kyi bu|An alternate name for Viṣṇu. The Sanskrit is variously interpreted, including as “dwelling in water,” but is most obviously “the path of human beings.”
sred med kyi bu|In the Hindu tradition understood as the god Viṣṇu in the form of the “Supreme Lord.” He is associated with the peacock feather. Not to be confused with the householder Viṣṇu.
sred med kyi bu|An alternate name for Viṣṇu ({khyab 'jug}), which is also used for Brahmā and Kṛṣṇa. The Sanskrit is variously interpreted as “the path of human beings,” and “the son of man.” The Tibetan here is “the son of Nāra,” with Nāra translated as “one without craving.”
sred med kyi bu|In the ancient Indian tradition, the son of the first man; later seen as a powerful avatar of Viṣṇu, but also as the progenitor of Brahmā. In Buddhist texts, he figures in various ways including (as he does in most of this text) as a bodhisattva, while still one of the most powerful gods of the Realm of Form (as in 1.21).
sred med|One of the emanations of Viṣṇu.
sred pa rnam par skems pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Somacchattra.
sred pa|The eighth link of dependent arising.
sred pa|The eighth of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
sred pa|Eighth of the twelve links of dependent origination. Also for the Tib. {'dun pa}, in other contexts.
sred pa|Eighth of the twelve links of dependent origination. Craving is often listed as threefold: craving for the desirable, craving for existence, and craving for non-existence.
sred spong|One of the māras; also one of the five yakṣa generals.
sred|Eighth of the twelve links of dependent origination. Craving is often listed as threefold: craving for the desirable, craving for existence, and craving for non-existence.
sreg ba dkar po ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
sreg pa'i bskal pa|This refers to the conflagration that is the twentieth of the twenty “sub-eons” making up the third (destruction eon) of the four subdivisions of a “great eon” (mahākalpa). The other three major divisions of a great eon are the eon of arising, of duration, and (after the eon of destruction) of voidness.
sreg pa|A Tibetan rendering of the name of one of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
sreg pa|Different kinds of partridge: swamp partridge (Skt. tittiri), grey partridge (Skt. kapiñjala), Greek partridge (Skt. jīva).
srid dga'|Son of the buddha Kṣemottamarāja.
srid gsum dbang byed ma|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
srid gsum mthar byed ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
srid gsum mya ngan med|Attendant of the buddha Maruttejas.
srid gsum|The desire realm, the form realm, and the formless realm.
srid gsum|This can refer to the underworlds, the earth, and the heavens, or it can be synonymous with the three realms of desire, form, and formlessness.
srid gsum|The formless world, the form world, and the desire world comprise the thirty-one planes of existence in Buddhist cosmology. Synonymous with three realms (trailoka).
srid gsum|Usually synonymous with the three realms of desire, form, and formlessness. Sometimes it means the realms of devas above, humans on the ground, and nāgas below ground.
srid me tog|The 982nd buddha in the first list, 981st in the second list, and 972nd in the third list.
srid mtha' gzigs pa|The 127th buddha in the first list, 127th in the second list, and 128th in the third list.
srid mtha' gzigs|The 269th buddha in the first list, 268th in the second list, and 268th in the third list.
srid mtha' gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigatatamas (113 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
srid mtha' nor bu'i spos|The 347th buddha in the first list, 346th in the second list, and 341st in the third list.
srid mtha' nor bu'i spos|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kṣema (546 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
srid mtha'|Father of the buddha Bhavapuṣpa.
srid mthar byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candrārka.
srid pa 'joms|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tejasprabha.
srid pa byin pa|An ancient king of Kāmarūpa.
srid pa gcod byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhula.
srid pa gsal ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sukhābha (713 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
srid pa gsum po|The desire realm, form realm, and formless realm.
srid pa gsum|The desire realm, the form realm, and the formless realm of cyclic existence.
srid pa gsum|The desire, form, and formless realms, which together comprise the cycle of existence.
srid pa gsum|The three realms are the desire realm (kāmadhātu; {'dod khams}), form realm (rūpadhātu; {gzugs khams}), and formless realm (ārūpyadhātu; {gzugs med khams}).
srid pa gsum|This alternatively refers to the underworlds, earth, and heavens, or can be synonymous with the three realms of desire, form, and formlessness (see three realms).
srid pa gsum|The formless world, the form world, and the desire world comprise the thirty-one planes of existence in Buddhist cosmology. Synonymous with three realms (trailoka).
srid pa gsum|Usually synonymous with the three realms of desire, form, and formlessness. Sometimes it means the realm of gods above, humans on the ground, and nāgas below the ground.
srid pa med pa|A buddha realm.
srid pa rig pa|A sage.
srid pa sel|A great bodhisattva.
srid pa sel|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
srid pa shes pa rtogs pa|A king and sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
srid pa skrag par byed pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arciṣmati.
srid pa tha ma pa|In this text, it refers to monks who had reached the state of a worthy one. In other contexts, it can denote a bodhisattva in the last life before awaking to the state of a buddha.
srid pa zhi byed|A sage; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
srid pa'i 'ching ba gcod byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Tejasprabha.
srid pa'i 'dam bu thams cad phung po med par rnam par 'thor ba|Name of the eighty-sixth meditative stability.
srid pa'i bag la nyal ba|Various unwholesome mental states that lead to continued suffering and existence.
srid pa'i bshes gnyen|Attendant of the buddha Vikrāntagāmin.
srid pa'i bshes gnyen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Baladeva.
srid pa'i lha|The king of Nandivardhana.
srid pa'i mtha' gzigs pa po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhabala (469 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
srid pa'i rgya mtsho 'khrugs byed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
srid pa'i rgya mtsho thams cad las rgal ba'i blo can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śaśin.
srid pa'i rtse mo|Refers to the realm of neither notion nor no notion, since it is the highest level in saṃsāra.
srid pa'i rtse mo|The highest possible state in saṃsāra, it refers to the highest sphere of the formless realm, the Sphere of Neither Perception nor Nonperception.
srid pa'i sred pa 'joms pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja.
srid pa'i sred pa dri ma spangs pa|The 833rd buddha in the first list, 832nd in the second list, and 822nd in the third list.
srid pa'i yan lag bcu gnyis|Twelve successive parts in which to subdivide the longest possible process of dependent arising for one sentient being: ignorance, formations, consciousness, name and form, six entrances, contact, feeling, craving, clinging, becoming, birth, old age, and death.
srid pa'i yan lag|The twelve factors or links of conditioned existence are: ignorance (avidyā), mental formations (saṃskāra), consciousness (vijñāna), mind and matter (nāmarūpa), the six sense organs (ṣaḍāyatana), contact (sparśa), sensation (vedanā), craving (tṛṣṇā), clinging (upādāna), becoming (bhava), birth (jāti), aging and dying (jarāmaraṇa).
srid pa'i zla ba|Father of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.
srid par 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Satyabhāṇin.
srid par grags|Mother of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
srid pa|Also rendered here as “cyclic existence.”
srid pa|One of the twelve links of dependent origination.
srid pa|The tenth of the twelve links of dependent origination. See “dependent origination.”
srid pa|Tenth of the twelve links of dependent origination; third of the four torrents. Also translated here as “phenomenal existence.”
srid pa|The five states of existence refer to the five destinies of birth as a god, as a human, as an animal, as a preta (or “hungry ghost”), and in the hells.
srid pa|Here, {srid pa} denotes the whole of existence, i.e., the five rebirth-destinies or the three worlds—all the possible kinds and places of karmic rebirth. It is also the tenth of the twelve links of dependent origination (often translated as “becoming”).
srid sbyin|Son of the buddha Dṛḍha.
srid sbyin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candrārka (122 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
srid sgrub bcas|A monk in the past, son of the king Free of Flowers during the time of the Buddha Śikhin.
srid srung gi rig byed|Along with the Ṛgveda, Yajurveda, and Sāmaveda, one of the four Vedas, the most ancient Sanskrit religious literature of India. Primarily concerned with practical applications, including protection, healing, and magic.
srin bu gnas|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
srin bu me khyer|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
srin bu na kra dang 'khor lo dang me 'jigs 'jigs ltar skyes pa|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
srin bu pad pa|A forest.
srin bu|A nāga king.
srin bu|When refering to the human body, these are creatures that inhabit it and may either harm or contribute to its health. Note that this term can also mean insects and worms in general.
srin bu|According to classical Indian medical literature, the human body is filled with various parasitic beings (literally “worms”) that live off the body.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-066-003.html#UT22084-066-003-42 .
srin mo|One of the goddesses associated with Amoghapāśa.
srin mo|A female rākṣasa, a class of flesh-eating demons.
srin mo|A flesh-eating demon that haunts frightening places.
srin mo|A female member of a class of Indic spirit deities generally considered malevolent and demonic.
srin mo|The female members of a class of nonhuman beings who are often, but not always, considered demonic in the Buddhist tradition.
srin mo|A female rākṣasa. Supernatural beings with a yearning for human flesh but who can also be converted into being protectors of the Dharma.
srin phyis kyis rna cha gdub 'khor can|A Licchavi youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
srin po'i bdag po|The name of a demon king.
srin po|A class of flesh-eating demons that haunts frightening places.
srin po|A race of ugly, evil-natured supernatural beings with a yearning for human flesh.
srin po|A general term in Indian culture for a type of spirit that (inter alia) haunts cemeteries and eats human flesh.
srin po|A class of semidivine beings who are often, but certainly not always, considered demonic in the Buddhist tradition. Some are flesh-eating demons who haunt frightening places.
srin po|A race of physical beings who are ugly, evil-natured, and have a yearning for human flesh, but who also have miraculous powers, such as being able to change their appearance, as in the Kāraṇḍavyūha.
srin po|A class of nonhuman beings that are often, but not always, considered demonic in the Buddhist tradition. They are often depicted as flesh-eating monsters who haunt frightening places and are ugly and evil-natured with a yearning for human flesh, and who additionally have miraculous powers, such as being able to change their appearance.
sring mo|“Sister”; a class of female spirits.
sring mo|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
srog 'chi ba dang bcas pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell. Alternatively referred to as Instant Revival Upon Death ({shi ma thag tu 'tsho ba}) in the Tibetan text.
srog 'joms byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
srog chags des pa|Name of a bodhisattva.
srog chags thams cad kyis mthong yang brnyas par mi byed|Sixty-sixth of the eighty minor marks.
srog dang rtsol ba|The manipulation of breath by means of yogic exercise. The Tibetan translation of the Sanskrit compound prāṇāyāma is more usually the compound {srog rtsol}.
srog gcod pa|First of the ten non-virtuous actions.
srog gcod pa|The first among the three physical misdeeds.
srog gcod|The first of the ten nonvirtuous actions (see ten nonvirtuous courses of action).
srog gi dbang po|One of the nonmental motivations, defined as the force of life-duration, being a concept of the Abhidharma. See T. Stcherbatski, Central Conception of Buddhism (London, 1923), p. 105.
srog ldan|Son of the buddha Śaśiketu.
srog rlung|Vital air in general, and also the vital air (one of the five) centered around the heart.
srog rtsol|Also rendered here as “breath control.”
srog rtsol|Also rendered here as “control of the winds.”
srog shing|The central axis of a stupa.
srog shing|The main pillar in the center of a stūpa.
srog shing|Central inner pillar or tree trunk that is said to give life to a stūpa or sacred statue.
srog shing|The Sanskrit yaṣṭi may refer to a flagpole, especially one said to have adorned the capital cities of five former buddha, but more specifically, it refers to the “life pillar” in the center of a statue or stūpa
srog|The animating life force present in all living beings and often equated with the “breath.”
srog|The life force present in all beings. Often this life force is associated with the breath (prāṇa).
srong btsan sgam po|A famous Tibetan king of the seventh century.
srong btsan sgam po|617–650; a famous king from Tibet’s Imperial Period.
srub pa'i sbyor ba|A method of generating a deity in visualization (out of male and female sexual fluids mixed in the vagina).
srul mo|A female pūtana.
srul mo|One of the great mātṛs.
srul po|A spirit that is said to cause physical illnesses.
srul po|A class of spirits that seems to be identical with the pūtanas.
srul po|A class of disease-causing spirits associated with cemeteries and dead bodies.
srul po|Ugly and foul-smelling spirits, they can be good or cause harm to humans and animals.
srul po|A class of nonhuman beings specifically associated with illness and danger to children.
srul po|Class of pretas that cause rotting or that have rotting corpses; literally “the rotting one.”
srung ba|The father of Upagupta noted as a perfume merchant in Mathurā.
srung byed|A country visited by Venerable Upasena; home of Lotus Color.
srung ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
sta gon la dga' ba|A gandharva king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
sta gri|Forty-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
stabs 'jog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Janendrakalpa (900 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
stabs chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Susvara (623 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
stabs kyi mchog ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa (987 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
stabs kyis gshegs pa|The 156th buddha in the first list, 155th in the second list, and 155th in the third list.
stag lam|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
stag ltar dregs pa|A kumbhāṇḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
stag rna'i rgyu skar|Unidentified figure connected to a prophetic discourse.
stag sbyin|Son of the buddha Bhadrapāla.
stag|Eleventh of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
stan gcig pa|A “single-sitter” is one who eats only during a single sitting (per day).
stan gsum|It is not clear precisely what the three seats are. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-074-003.html#UT22084-074-003-67 .
stang zil can|A country.
stang zil gtsug phud|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ste'u lta bu'i mdo|A sūtra in the section of the aggregates in the Saṃyuktāgama, which corresponds to SĀc 263, SN 22.101, etc.
stegs bzang gzi brjid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gautama (839 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
stegs bzang po|The 735th buddha in the first list, 734th in the second list, and 724th in the third list.
stegs bzangs|Father of the buddha Mokṣadhvaja.
stegs bzang|Father of the buddha Prajñāgati.
stegs mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Ūrṇa.
stegs mdzad|The 318th buddha in the first list, 317th in the second list, and 312th in the third list.
stegs ni bzang po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Cāritratīrtha (823 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
steng 'gro|One of the rāśis.
stobs 'chang|Name of a past king in a story the Buddha tells.
stobs bcu la gnas ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
stobs bcu la rtog cing mi tshugs par grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka.
stobs bcu'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Viraja.
stobs bcu'i stobs kyis 'phags pa|Lit. “exalted by ten powers.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
stobs bcu|May refer to either: i.) the ten powers of a thus-gone one (daśatathāgatabala, {de bzhin gshegs pa'i stobs bcu}): (1) the knowledge of what is possible and not possible, (2) the knowledge of the ripening of karma, (3) the knowledge of the variety of aspirations, (4) the knowledge of the variety of natures, (5) the knowledge of the supreme and lesser faculties of sentient beings, (6) the knowledge of the destinations of all paths, (7) the knowledge of various states of meditation, (8) the knowledge of remembering previous lives, (9) the knowledge of deaths and rebirths, and (10) the knowledge of the cessation of defilements; or ii.) the ten powers of a bodhisattva (daśabodhisattvabala, {byang chub sems pa'i stobs bcu}): (1) the power of intention, (2) the power of resolute intention, (3) the power of application, (4) the power of insight, (5) the power of prayer, (6) the power of vehicle, (7) the power of conduct, (8) the power of emanation, (9) the power of awakening, and (10) the power of turning the wheel of the Dharma
stobs bcu|The ten powers of a buddha (daśa tathāgata bala, {de bzhin gshegs pa'i stobs bcu}): (1) the power of knowing right from wrong ({gnas dang gnas min mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (2) the power of knowing the fruition of actions ({las kyi rnam par smin pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (3) the power of knowing various mental inclinations ({mos pa sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (4) the power of knowing various mental faculties ({khams sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (5) the power of knowing various degrees of intelligence ({dbang po sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (6) the power of knowing the paths to all rebirths (sarva tragāmin pratipāda jñāna bala, {thams cad du 'gro ba'i lam mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (7) the power of knowing the ever-afflicted and purified phenomena ({kun nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam par byang ba mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (8) the power of knowing past lives ({sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (9) the power of knowing deaths and births ({'chi 'pho ba dang skye ba mkhyen pa'i stobs}), and (10) the power of knowing the exhaustion of the contaminations ({zag pa zad pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}). See also “five powers.”
stobs bcu|The powers (sometimes also called strengths), unique to tathāgatas, of: (1) knowing what is possible and what is impossible (sthānāsthāna jñāna bala, {gnas dang gnas ma yin pa mkhyen pa}); (2) knowing the ripening of karma (karmavipāka jñāna bala, {las kyi rnam smin mkhyen pa}); (3) knowing the various inclinations (nānādhimukti jñāna bala, {mos pa sna tshogs mkhyen pa}); (4) knowing the various elements (nānādhātu jñāna bala, {khams sna tshogs mkhyen pa}); (5) knowing the supreme and lesser faculties (indriya parāpara jñāna bala, {dbang po mchog dang mchog ma yin pa mkhyen pa}); (6) knowing the paths that lead to all destinations (sarvatra gāminī pratipaj jñāna bala, {thams cad du 'gro ba'i lam mkhyen pa}); (7) knowing the concentrations, liberations, absorptions, equilibriums, afflictions, purifications, and abidings (dhyāna vimokṣa samādhi samāpatti saṃkleśa vyavadāna vyutthāna jñāna bala, {bsam gtan dang rnam thar dang ting 'dzin dang snyoms 'jug dang kun nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam par byang ba dang ldan ba thams cad mkhyen pa}); (8) knowing the recollection of past existences (pūrva nivāsānusmṛti jñāna bala, {sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa mkhyen pa}); (9) knowing death and rebirth (cyutyupapatti jñāna bala, {'chi 'pho ba dang skye ba mkhyen pa}); and (10) knowing the exhaustion of the defilements (āsravakṣaya jñāna bala, {zag pa zad pa mkhyen pa}).
stobs bcu|There are two different sets of ten powers, those of the Buddha and those of bodhisattvas. Those of the Buddha consist of power from knowing right from wrong (sthānāsthāna jñāna bala); power from knowing the consequences of actions (karma vipāka jñāna-); power from knowing the various inclinations (of living beings) (nānādhimukti jñāna-); power from knowing the various types (of living beings) (nānādhātujñāna-); power from knowing the degree of the capacities (of living beings) (indriya varāvara jñāna-); power from knowing the path that leads everywhere (sarva tragāmīmpratipat jñāna-); power from knowing the obscuration, affliction, and purification of all contemplations, meditations, liberations, concentrations, and absorptions (sarva dhyāna vimokṣa samādhi samāpatti saṃkleśa vyavadāna vyutthāna jñāna-); power from knowing his own former lives (pūrva nivāsānu smṛti jñāna-); power from knowing deaths and future lives (cyutyutpatti jñāna-); and power from knowing the exhaustion of defilements (āsravakṣaya jñāna-). The latter set consists of the bodhisattva’s power of positive thought (āśayabala); power of high resolve (adhyāśaya-); power of application (prayoga-); power of wisdom (prajña-); power of prayer (praṇidhāna-); power of vehicle (yāna-); power of activities (caryā-); power of emanations (vikurvaṇa-); power of enlightenment (bodhi-); and power of turning the wheel of the Dharma (dharma cakra pravartaṇa-).
stobs bcu|The ten powers (daśabala, {stobs bcu}) of the Tathāgata are (1) the power of knowledge of what is possible and what is not possible (sthānāsthāna jñāna bala, {gnas dang gnas ma yin pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}); (2) the power of knowledge of the individual results of actions (karmasvaka jñāna bala, {las kyi rnam smin mkhyen pa'i stobs}); (3) the power of knowledge of different practices leading to various destinies (sarvatra gāminī prati pajjñāna bala, {thams cad du 'gro ba'i lam mkhyen pa'i stobs}); (4) the power of knowledge of the different dispositions and tendencies of different beings (aneka dhātu nānā dhātu jñāna bala, {khams sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}); (5) the power of knowledge of the different aspirations of beings (nānādhi mukti jñāna bala, {mos pa sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}); (6) the power of knowledge of the different degrees of development of the faculties and inclinations of beings (indriya parāparya jñānabala, {dbang po mchog dang mchog ma yin pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}); (7) the power of knowledge of the absorptions, deliverances, concentrations, and attainments (dhyāna vimokṣa samādhi samāpatti jñāna bala, {bsam gtan dang rnam thar dang ting nge 'dzin dang snyoms par 'jug pa thams cad mkhyen pa'i stobs}); (8) the power of knowledge of previous lives (pūrva nivāsa jñāna bala, {sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}); (9) the power of knowledge of the deaths and births of beings according to their actions (cyutyu papāda jñāna bala, {'chi 'pho bo dang skye ba mkhyen pa'i stobs}); and (10) the power of knowledge of the destruction of the impurities (āsravakṣaya jñāna bala, {zag pa zad pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}). (Rahula 2001: 229–230, n118).
stobs bcu|May refer to either i.) the ten powers of a buddha (daśatathāgatabala, {de bzhin gshegs pa'i stobs bcu}): (1) the power of knowing right from wrong ({gnas dang gnas min mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (2) the power of knowing the fruition of actions ({las kyi rnam par smin pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (3) the power of knowing various mental inclinations ({mos pa sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (4) the power of knowing various mental faculties ({khams sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (5) the power of knowing various degrees of intelligence ({dbang po sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (6) the power of knowing the paths to all rebirths (sarvatragāminpratipādajñānabala, {thams cad du 'gro ba'i lam mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (7) the power of knowing the ever-afflicted and purified phenomena ({kun nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam par byang ba mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (8) the power of knowing past lives ({sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}), (9) the power of knowing deaths and births ({'chi 'pho ba dang skye va mkhyen pa'i stobs}), and (10) the power of knowing the exhaustion of the contaminations ({zag pa zad pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}); or ii.) the ten powers of a bodhisattva (daśabodhisattvabala, {byang chub sems pa'i stobs bcu}): (1) the power of intention (āśayabala, {bsam pa'i stobs}), (2) the power of resolute intention (adhyāsabala, {lhag pa'i bsa pa'i stobs}), (3) the power of application (pratipattibala, {sbyor ba'i stobs}), (4) the power of wisdom (prajñābala, {shes rab kyi stobs}), (5) the power of prayers (praṇidhānabala, {smon lam gyi stobs}), (6) the power of vehicle (yānabala, {thig pa'i stobs}), (7) the power of conduct (cāryabala, {spyod pa'i stobs}), (8) the power of emancipation (vikurbānbala, {sprul pa'i stobs}), (9) the power of enlightenment (bodhisattvabala, {byang chub kyi stobs}), and (10) the power of turning the wheel of the doctrine (dharmacakrapravartanabala, {chos kyi 'khor lo bskor ba'i stobs}) (Rigzin 163, 194–5, 280).
stobs brtan|A great bodhisattva.
stobs brtan|Son of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
stobs brtan|Attendant of the buddha Suprabha.
stobs brtan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Muktiskandha.
stobs brtan|A king in the time of Buddha Ghoṣadatta. Also the father of the rebirth of King Śirībala in the time of Buddha Narendraghoṣa.
stobs brtson|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhudeva.
stobs byin|Son of the buddha Nandeśvara.
stobs byin|The 432nd buddha in the first list, 431st in the second list, and 425th in the third list.
stobs bzang|A great bodhisattva.
stobs can|A ruler of the demigods.
stobs can|The name of several minor deities.
stobs can|Attendant of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
stobs can|A lord of the asuras; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
stobs can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pradīpa.
stobs can|Bali wrested control of the world from the devas, establishing a period of peace and prosperity with no caste distinction. Indra requested Viṣṇu to use his wiles so that the devas could gain the world back from him. He appeared as a dwarf asking for two steps of ground, was offered three and then traversed the world in two steps. Bali, keeping faithful to his promise, accepted the banishment of the asuras into the underworld. A great Bali festival in his honor is held annually in southern India. In http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-004.html (Kāraṇḍa vyūha Sūtra, Toh 116), he is described as abusing his power by imprisoning the kṣatriyas, so that Viṣṇu has just cause to banish him to the underworld.
stobs chen|Son of the buddha Siṃha.
stobs chen|Birthplace of the buddha Siṃhabala.
stobs chen|A king in the time of Buddha Ghoṣadatta.
stobs chen|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Aridama.
stobs chen|The 996th buddha in the first list, 995th in the second list, and 986th in the third list.
stobs chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ananta rati kīrti (954 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
stobs dang brtson 'grus kyi rtsal dang ldan pa|A future buddha.
stobs dang brtson 'grus thogs pa med pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in a realm in the upward direction.
stobs dang grags pa don yod pa|The name that the Buddha Śākyamuni gives in his prophecy of the boy Ratnadatta’s attainment of Buddhahood.
stobs dbang|Father of the buddha Daśavaśa.
stobs dgyes|The 369th buddha in the first list, 368th in the second list, and 363rd in the third list.
stobs gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vimalarāja (500 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
stobs kyi 'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po|A kind of inferior wheel-turning king.
stobs kyi 'khor los sgyur ba|A balacakravartin king is a lesser kind of cakravartin (universal monarch) who has attained his dominion through his great might and his powerful army.\nSee also “universal monarch.”
stobs kyi 'khor los sgyur ba|A cakravartin is a king who rules over at least one continent, and gains his territory by the rolling of his magic wheel over the land. Therefore he is called a “king with the revolving wheel.” This is as the result of the merit he has accumulated in previous lifetimes. A bala cakra vartin king is a lesser kind of cakravartin who has attained his dominion through his great might and his powerful army.
stobs kyi 'khor los sgyur|In Buddhist mythology, a universal monarch who rules the four continents and is willing to use force (Skt. bala; Tib. {stobs}) if necessary.
stobs kyi 'khor lo|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Manojñavākya.
stobs kyi 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yajñasvara (756 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
stobs kyi lha|A nāga king.
stobs kyi mdzod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prahāṇakhila.
stobs kyi rgyal po|A buddha.
stobs kyi rgyu|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
stobs kyi shugs rnam par gnon pa|A buddha.
stobs kyi shugs thams cad thob pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Always Fragrant.
stobs kyis 'gra|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ajitagaṇa.
stobs kyis 'gro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sumanas.
stobs kyis rgyu|A nāga king.
stobs kyis sgrol ba|In the Jātakas, Bālāha is a previous life of the Buddha Śākyamuni in which he saves merchants from the island of the rākṣasīs. In the Kāraṇḍa vyūha Sūtra ( https://read.84000.co/translation/toh116 , Toh 116), it is Avalokiteśvara as a horse, saving a previous life of Śākyamuni from that island.
stobs la thub pa med pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
stobs la thub pa myed pa'i dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
stobs ldan bu|Possibly the island of Bali in the Indonesian archipelago, but this identification is rather problematic.
stobs ldan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
stobs ldan zhi|Father of the buddha Satyacara.
stobs ldan|One of the grahas.
stobs ldan|A leader of the asuras.
stobs ldan|One of the kings of the asuras.
stobs ldan|Attendant of the buddha Vegadhārin.
stobs ldan|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Leader of Loyal Heroes Who Uses Weapons to Eliminate Afflictions.
stobs lha|Father of the buddha Balasena.
stobs lha|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
stobs lha|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhu.
stobs lha|The 168th buddha in the first list, 167th in the second list, and 167th in the third list.
stobs lnga|For the five strengths, see “powers.” The ten strengths can refer either to one set of ten qualities of tathāgatas, or to a different list of ten strengths of bodhisattvas.
stobs lnga|Faith, vigor, mindfulness, absorption, and insight. Although the same as the five spiritual faculties, they are stronger in terms of not being shaken by adverse conditions.
stobs lnga|Differing only in intensity, the five forces are similar to the five faculties: (1) faith, (2) vigor, (3) mindfulness, (4) concentration (samādhi), and (5) wisdom (prajñā).
stobs lnga|Similar to the five faculties but at a further stage of development and thus cannot be shaken by adverse conditions, these are: faith (śraddhā), diligence (vīrya), mindfulness (smṛti), absorption (samādhi), and insight (prajña).
stobs lnga|Faith, perseverance, mindfulness, meditative stabilization, and wisdom. These are among the thirty-seven dharmas on the side of awakening. Although the same as the five faculties, they are termed “powers” due to their greater strength. See also “ten powers.”
stobs lnga|As listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-163 , these comprise (1) the power of faith, (2) the power of perseverance, (3) the power of recollection, (4) the power of meditative stability, and (5) the power of wisdom.
stobs mchog|A kind of person who possesses superhuman strength.
stobs mtha' yas grags par brjod pa'i dpal yang dag par 'byung ba'i blo gros|A buddha in the distant past.
stobs mtha' yas|A leader of the Licchavis.
stobs pa che|Name of the Buddha Śākyamuni in a past life, when he was a king practicing bodhisattva conduct.
stobs pa rnam pa bcu|The ten strengths are (1) the knowledge of what is possible and not possible; (2) the knowledge of the ripening of karma; (3) the knowledge of the variety of aspirations; (4) the knowledge of the variety of natures; (5) the knowledge of the different levels of capabilities; (6) the knowledge of the destinations of all paths; (7) the knowledge of various states of meditation (dhyāna, liberation, samādhi, samāpatti, and so on); (8) the knowledge of remembering previous lives; (9) the knowledge of deaths and rebirths; and (10) the knowledge of the cessation of defilements.
stobs po che|One of the mantra deities.
stobs po che|The name of several deities, including a nāga.
stobs po che|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
stobs po che|Listed as the great yakṣa general of Rājagṛha in the Mahā māyūrī vidyārājñī (Toh 559).https://read.84000.co/translation/toh559.html
stobs rab tu 'joms pa|A buddha.
stobs sbyin|Attendant of the buddha Sucintita.
stobs sde|The 52nd buddha in the first list, 52nd in the second list, and 53rd in the third list.
stobs snang blo gros|The seventy-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
stobs thams cad kyi shugs dang ldan pa|A southern realm.
stobs thub|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Gandhahastin.
stobs|The ten strengths of a buddha: reflection, intention, application, insight, aspiration, vehicle, conduct, manifestation, awakening, and turning the Dharma wheel. The five strengths are faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and knowledge. These are the same as the five powers.
stobs|Usually refers to the five powers: faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and knowledge; although the same qualities as the five faculties, they are termed powers due to their greater strength. In some passages, there are two more powers: skillful means and devotion. In some cases, “powers” might refer to the https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-1941 of tathāgatas, q.v.
stobs|The five strengths, which are included among to thirty-seven factors for enlightenment, are faith, diligence, mindfulness, samādhi, and wisdom. Also, there are the ten “strengths” of a Buddha: knowledge of (1) what is possible and impossible, (2) the ripening of karma, (3) the variety of aspirations, (4) the variety of different natures, (5) the levels of capabilities, (6) the various kinds of good and bad paths, (7) the different states of meditation, (8) past lives, (9) death and rebirth, and (10) the cessation of the impure.
stobs|The strengths are enumerated as five or ten. As five, they are a stronger form of the five powers: faith, mindfulness, diligence, samādhi, and wisdom. As ten, they are the strenths of knowing what is proper and improper, knowing the maturation of karma, knowing the variety of beings’ aspirations, knowing the variety of their inclinations, knowing the variety of their capacities, knowing everywhere each path leads, knowing the dhyānas, liberations, samāpattis, samādhis and so forth, being able to recall previous states of being, and knowing the details of death and rebirth.
stobs|Refers to five or ten powers. As five they are faith, diligence, mindfulness, absorption, and insight. The ten powers are the ten knowledges of a buddha: (1) the knowledge of what is possible and not possible, (2) the knowledge of the ripening of karma, (3) the knowledge of the variety of aspirations, (4) the knowledge of the variety of natures, (5) the knowledge of the different degrees of capability, (6) the knowledge of the destinations of all paths, (7) the knowledge of various states of meditation, (8) the knowledge of remembering previous lives, (9) the knowledge of deaths and rebirths, and (10) the knowledge of the cessation of defilements.
stobs|The ten powers (daśabala, {stobs bcu}) of the Tathāgata are 1) the power of knowledge of what is possible and what is not possible (sthānāsthāna jñāna bala, {gnas dang gnas ma yin pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}); 2) the power of knowledge of the individual results of actions (karmasvaka jñāna bala, {las kyi rnam smin mkhyen pa'i stobs}); 3) the power of knowledge of different practices leading to various destinies (sarvatra gāminī prati pajjñāna bala, {thams cad du 'gro ba'i lam mkhyen pa'i stobs}); 4) the power of knowledge of the different dispositions and tendencies of different beings (aneka dhātu nānā dhātu jñāna bala, {khams sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}); 5) the power of knowledge of the different aspirations of beings (nānādhi mukti jñāna bala, {mos pa sna tshogs mkhyen pa'i stobs}); 6) the power of knowledge of the different degrees of development of the faculties and inclinations of beings (indriya parāparya jñānabala, {dbang po mchog dang mchog ma yin pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}); 7) the power of knowledge of the absorptions, deliverances, concentrations, and attainments (dhyāna vimokṣa samādhi samāpatti jñāna bala, {bsam gtan dang rnam thar dang ting nge 'dzin dang snyoms par 'jug pa thams cad mkhyen pa'i stobs}); 8) the power of knowledge of previous lives (pūrva nivāsa jñāna bala, {sngon gyi gnas rjes su dran pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}); 9) the power of knowledge of the deaths and births of beings according to their actions (cyutyu papāda jñāna bala, {'chi 'pho bo dang skye ba mkhyen pa'i stobs}); and 10) the power of knowledge of the destruction of the impurities (āsravakṣaya jñāna bala, {zag pa zad pa mkhyen pa'i stobs}). (Rahula 2001: 229–230, n118).
stod rings|Maternal uncle of Śāriputra and son of Māṭhara. He went south to study Lokāyata philosophy with Tiṣya. He later returned to study Lokāyata philosophy with an order of wandering ascetics, pledged not to cut his nails so long as he upheld Lokāyata philosophy and became known as Dīrghanakha, “He Who Has Long Fingernails.”
stog pho brang bris ma|A manuscript Kangyur copied from a Bhutanese original in 1729 and kept at the Stok Palace near Leh, Ladakh. It is among the Kangyurs derived mostly from the Thempangma ({them spangs ma}) tradition.
ston brtsegs|Son of the buddha Sudhana.
ston byed|Son of the buddha Siṃhamati.
ston bzod|Attendant of the buddha Anupamaśrī.
ston dga'|Son of the buddha Susvara.
ston dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
ston gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.
ston ka'i nyi ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśas (686 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ston pa bla ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmā (57 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ston pa drug|These six teachers of nihilism, sophism, determinism, asceticism, etc. sought to rival the Buddha in his day: Purāna Kāśyapa, who negated the effects of action, good or evil; Māskārin Gośāli putra, who taught a theory of randomness, negating causality; Saṃjāyin Vairaṭi putra, who was agnostic in refusing to maintain any opinion about anything; Kakuda Kātyāyana, who taught a materialism in which there was no such thing as killer or killed, but only transformations of elements; Ajita Keśakambala, who taught a more extreme nihilism regarding everything except the four main elements; and Nirgrantha Jñāti putra, otherwise known as Mahāvīra, the founder of Jainism, who taught the doctrine of indeterminism (syādvāda), considering all things in terms of “maybe.” They were allowed to proclaim their doctrines unchallenged until a famous assembly at Śrāvastī, where the Buddha eclipsed them with a display of miracles and teachings.
ston pa grags|Son of the buddha Bodhyaṅgapuṣpa.
ston pa grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Āryastuta.
ston pa gsal ba brtsegs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānakośa.
ston pa gsal bar brtsegs pa'i sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vijita.
ston pa gsal|Son of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
ston pa gsal|Attendant of the buddha Bhānumat.
ston pa gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kalyāṇacūḍa.
ston pa gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ugratejas (318 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ston pa mtha' yas ma|Mother of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
ston pa mtha' yas|Attendant of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.
ston pa mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnottama.
ston pa sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siddhi.
ston pa yang dag rgyal|Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana joined his order after rejecting the six tīrthika teachers.
ston pa'i mchod|Birthplace of the buddha Praśasta.
ston pa'i stegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śrī (827 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ston par dga'|Attendant of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.
ston par dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tejasprabha (394 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ston par dka'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kāñcanaprabha.
ston pa|An epithet for the Buddha.
ston pa|Epithet of Buddha Śākyamuni.
ston pa|One of the standard epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ston pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nāgaruta.
ston zla tha chungs smin drug|The lunar month in autum which falls in October-November, which in general Indian tradition was considered the most powerful time to perform good actions.
ston zla tha chung|The month of Kārttika.
stong 'khyil ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
stong chen po|“The great thousand, three thousand-fold universe,” a cosmological term that signifies the entire universe.
stong chen|The largest universe described in Buddhist cosmology. This term, in Abhidharma cosmology, refers to 1,000³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvi sāhasra mahā sāhasra lokadhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems, each with its own Mount Meru, continents, sun, and moon, etc.
stong chung ngu'i 'jig rten gyi khams|A series of one thousand parallel human worlds, according to traditional Indian cosmology.
stong du mthong ba|A lotus pond on Draped in Light Rays.
stong gi 'byung gnas|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
stong gi 'jig rten gyi khams|A universe in Buddhist cosmology consisting of one thousand smaller world systems.
stong gi 'jig rten gyi khams|In Buddhist cosmology, a universe that itself contains a thousand world systems, each made up of its own Mount Meru, four continents, sun, moon, and god realms.
stong gi 'jig rten gyi khams|A “thousandfold universe,” also called a “small chiliocosm” (sāhasra cūḍiko loka dhātu), consisting of a thousand worlds each made up of their own Mount Meru, four continents, sun, moon, and god realms.
stong gi 'jig rten gyi khams|A “thousandfold universe,” also called a “first order chiliocosm” ({spyi phud kyi 'jig rten gyi khams}), “lesser chiliocosm” ({chung ngu'i 'jig rten gyi khams}, sāhasra cūḍiko loka dhātu), or “lower chiliocosm” ({tha ma'i 'jig rten gyi khams}), consisting of a thousand worlds each made up of their own Mount Meru, four continents, sun, moon, and god realms. Explained in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-291 .
stong gi dpal|“Thousand Splendors.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Sahasraśiri.
stong gis brgyan pa|The buddha realm of the buddha King Maheśvara.
stong gnyis kyi 'jig rten gyi khams|A “twice thousandfold world system,” i.e., a millionfold universe.
stong gnyis kyi 'jig rten gyi khams|In Buddhist cosmology, a dichiliocosm is a galaxy or aggregate of universes that itself contains a thousand chiliocosms, or one million world systems.
stong gnyis pa 'jig rten gyi khams|A “twice thousandfold universe,” i.e. a millionfold universe, sometimes called a “second-order midsized-chiliocosm” (dvitīya madhyama sāhasra loka dhātu), consisting of a thousand chiliocosms (q.v.).
stong gnyis pa bar ma'i 'jig rten gyi khams|Equal to a thousand universes of a thousand worlds (i.e., a universe of a million worlds).
stong gnyis pa bar ma'i 'jig rten gyi khams|A series parallel worlds comprising one thousand chiliocosms, according to traditional Indian cosmology.
stong gnyis pa'i 'jig rten gyi khams|A “twice thousandfold world system,” i.e., a millionfold universe.
stong gsum gi 'jigs rten gyi khams|A universe containing one billion worlds.
stong gsum gyi 'jig rten gyi khams|The largest universe spoken of in Buddhist cosmology, consisting of one billion smaller world systems.
stong gsum gyi 'jig rten gyi khams|The largest universe described in Buddhist cosmology. This term, in Abhidharma cosmology, refers to 1,000³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvisāhasra mahā sāhasra loka dhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten gyi khams|A universe comprised of a thousand groups of a thousand groups of a thousand worlds, each being a flat disk with its own sun and moon and central mountain.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten gyi khams|Lit. “three-thousand-great-thousand-world realm.” Each of these is composed of one thousand realms, each of which contains one thousand realms, each of which contains one thousand realms = one thousand to the third power = one billion worlds.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten gyi khams|The largest universe spoken of in Abhidharma cosmology. Each great trichiliocosm is composed of one thousand worlds, each of which contains one thousand worlds, each of which contains one thousand worlds, therefore totaling one billion worlds.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten gyi khams|A “thrice thousandfold universe,” i.e., a billionfold universe, sometimes called a “third-order great chiliocosm” (tṛtīya mahā sāhasra loka dhātu), consisting of a billion worlds, i.e. a million chiliocosms (q.v.), or a thousand dichiliocosms (q.v.). Explained in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-047-001.html#UT22084-047-001-291 .
stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten gyi khams|The largest universe described in Buddhist cosmology. This term, in Abhidharma cosmology, refers to 1,000³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvi sāhasra mahā sāhasra loka dhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems, each with its own Mount Meru, continents, sun, and moon, as well as desire, form and formless realms, heavens of gods, etc.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten gyi khams|In this translation of the term trisāha sramahā sāha sraloka dhātu, Paul Harrison (2006, p. 145, n. 45) uses the word “galaxy” to “represent a group of a thousand systems,” and understands a “trigalactic system (trisāhasra)” as a “system which consists not of three galaxies but of a galaxy of galaxies of galaxies of worlds, that is to say, as a galaxy cubed (1,0003 worlds),” which, he says “is also known as a megagalaxy (mahāsāhasra).”
stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten|This term in Abhidharma cosmology refers to 1,000³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms,” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvi sāhasra mahā sāhasra loka dhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems each with its own Mt. Meru, continents, sun, moon, as well as desire, form and formless realms, heavens of gods, etc.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po'i 'jig rten|Sometimes translated as a billionfold universe. A “great, third order thousandfold” universe (i.e. 1,000³ fold), consisting of a thousand “middle order thousandfold” (1,000² fold) universes, each of which consists of a thousand “first order thousandfold” (1,000 fold) universes, each containing a thousand world systems each with their own Mount Meru, sun and moon, four continents, eight subcontinents, peripheral ring of mountains, etc.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po|A universe containing one billion world systems.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po|The largest universe spoken of in Buddhist cosmology, consisting of one billion smaller world systems.
stong gsum gyi stong chen po|A universe composed of a thousand groups of a thousand groups of a thousand worlds, each being a flat disk with its own sun and moon and central mountain.
stong gsum|Name of a nāga king.
stong gsum|A universe containing one billion worlds.
stong gsum|The largest universe described in Buddhist cosmology. This term, in Abhidharma cosmology, refers to 1,000³ world systems, i.e., 1,000 “dichiliocosms” or “two thousand great thousand world realms” (dvi sāhasra mahā sāhasra lokadhātu), which are in turn made up of 1,000 first-order world systems, each with its own Mount Sumeru, continents, sun and moon, etc.
stong pa nyid bco brgyad|These are enumerated at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-293 : (1) inner emptiness, (2) outer emptiness, (3) inner and outer emptiness, (4) the emptiness of emptiness, (5) great emptiness, (6) the emptiness of ultimate reality, (7) the emptiness of the compounded, (8) the emptiness of the uncompounded, (9) the emptiness of what transcends limits, (10) the emptiness of no beginning and no end, (11) the emptiness of nonrepudiation, (12) the emptiness of a basic nature, (13) the emptiness of all dharmas, (14) the emptiness of its own mark, (15) the emptiness of not apprehending, (16) the emptiness of a nonexistent thing, (17) the emptiness of an intrinsic nature, and (18) the emptiness that is the nonexistence of an intrinsic nature.
stong pa nyid bco brgyad|The eighteen aspects of emptiness, as listed in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-212 , comprise (1) emptiness of internal phenomena, (2) emptiness of external phenomena, (3) emptiness of both external and internal phenomena, (4) emptiness of emptiness, (5) emptiness of great extent, (6) emptiness of ultimate reality, (7) emptiness of conditioned phenomena, (8) emptiness of unconditioned phenomena, (9) emptiness of the unlimited, (10) emptiness of that which has neither beginning nor end, (11) emptiness of non-dispersal, (12) emptiness of inherent existence, (13) emptiness of intrinsic defining characteristics, (14) emptiness of all things, (15) emptiness of non-apprehension, (16) emptiness of non-entities, (17) emptiness of essential nature, and (18) emptiness of the essential nature of non-entities. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-213 .
stong pa nyid bcu bzhi po|These comprise the first fourteen of the eighteen emptinesses, which are enumerated at https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-293 : (1) inner emptiness, (2) outer emptiness, (3) inner and outer emptiness, (4) the emptiness of emptiness, (5) great emptiness, (6) the emptiness of ultimate reality, (7) the emptiness of the compounded, (8) the emptiness of the uncompounded, (9) the emptiness of what transcends limits, (10) the emptiness of no beginning and no end, (11) the emptiness of nonrepudiation, (12) the emptiness of a basic nature, (13) the emptiness of all dharmas, and (14) the emptiness of its own mark.
stong pa nyid bcu bzhi|These comprise the first fourteen of the eighteen aspects of emptiness, which have been enumerated in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-212 . See Lamotte: The Treatise on the Great Virtue of Wisdom, IV: 1670.
stong pa nyid bcu drug|Here the classical set of sixteen types of emptiness described in many Mahāyāna philosophical texts corresponds to a group of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas. The sixteen are listed as (1) inner emptiness, (2) outer emptiness, (3) outer and inner emptiness, (4) the emptiness of emptiness, (5) ultimate emptiness, (6) the emptiness of compounded phenomena, (7) the emptiness of uncompounded phenomena, (8) beginningless and endless emptiness, (9) the emptiness of nonrejection, (10) natural emptiness, (11) the emptiness of all phenomena, (12) the emptiness of own-characteristics, (13) the emptiness of the unobserved, (14) the emptiness of nonentities, (15) the emptiness of own-essence, and (16) the emptiness of own-essence of nonentities.
stong pa nyid bdun|The seven emptinesses are of the aggregates, sense fields, constituents, truths, dependent origination, all dharmas in the sense of dharmas taken as a totality, and compounded and uncompounded dharmas.
stong pa nyid dang mtshan ma med pa dang smon pa med pa|The “three gateways to liberation”—absence of inherent existence, absence of mental constructs, and absence of hopes and fears.
stong pa nyid kyi stong pa nyid|The voidness of voidness, an important concept that indicates the ultimate conceptuality of all terms, even those for the ultimate, to avoid the major error of absolutising the ultimate.
stong pa nyid kyi ye shes|Name of a dhāraṇī.
stong pa nyid la gnas pa|Mother of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
stong pa nyid rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
stong pa nyid stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
stong pa nyid stong pa nyid|Fourth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
stong pa nyid stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses
stong pa nyid|This could refer to any of a number of enumerations of emptinesses. “Seven emptinesses,” “fourteen emptinesses,” and “eighteen emptinesses” are listed in this sūtra.
stong pa nyid|In the Mahāyāna, this refers to the lack of any intrinsic nature in all phenomena that would allow them to be regarded as ultimately real, independently existing entities.
stong pa nyid|In the Mahāyāna this is the term for how phenomena are devoid of any nature of their own. One of the three doorways to liberation along with the absence of aspiration and the absence of attributes.
stong pa nyid|Voidness, emptiness; specifically, the emptiness of absolute substance, truth, identity, intrinsic reality, or self of all persons and things in the relative world, being quite opposed to any sort of absolute nothingness (see glossary, under “emptiness”).
stong pa nyid|Emptiness denotes the ultimate nature of reality, the total absence of inherent existence and self-identity with respect to all phenomena. According to this view, all things and events are devoid of any independent, intrinsic reality that constitutes their essence. Nothing can be said to exist independently from the complex network of factors that gives rise to their origination, nor are phenomena independent of the cognitive processes and mental constructs that make up the conventional framework within which their identity and existence are posited. When all levels of conceptualization dissolve and when all forms of dichotomizing tendencies are quelled through deliberate meditative deconstruction of conceptual elaborations, the ultimate nature of reality will finally become manifest. It is the first of the three gateways to liberation.
stong pa nyid|This Skt. term is usually translated by “voidness” because that English word is more rarely used in other contexts than “emptiness” and does not refer to any sort of ultimate nothingness, as a thing-in-itself, or even as the thing-in-itself to end all things-in-themselves. It is a pure negation of the ultimate existence of anything or, in Buddhist terminology, the “emptiness with respect to personal and phenomenal selves,” or “with respect to identity,” or “with respect to intrinsic nature,” or “with respect to essential substance,” or “with respect to self-existence established by intrinsic identity,” or “with respect to ultimate truth-status,” etc. Thus emptiness is a concept descriptive of the ultimate reality through its pure negation of whatever may be supposed to be ultimately real. It is an absence, hence not existent in itself. It is synonymous therefore with “infinity,” “absolute,” etc.—themselves all negative terms, i.e., formed etymologically from a positive concept by adding a negative prefix (in + finite = not finite; ab + solute = not compounded, etc.). But, since our verbally conditioned mental functions are habituated to the connection of word and thing, we tend to hypostatize a “void,” analogous to “outer space,” a “vacuum,” etc., which we either shrink from as a nihilistic nothingness or become attached to as a liberative nothingness; this great mistake can be cured only by realizing the meaning of the “emptiness of emptiness,” which brings us to the tolerance of inconceivability.
stong pa yid|In the Great Vehicle this is the term for how phenomena are devoid of any nature of their own. Also, one of the three gateways to liberation.
stong pa|Also rendered here as “empty.”
stong pa|A term used to express the absence of any intrinsic essence in all phenomena.
stong pa|Emptiness ({stong pa nyid}), signlessness ({mtshan ma med pa}), and wishlessness ({smon pa med pa}) are known as the “three doors to deliverance” (triṇi vimokṣa mukhāni) or the “three concentrations” (trayaḥ samādhyaḥ) and as a set appear in both mainstream Buddhist sūtras and Mahāyāna sūtras. See Conze 1962, pp. 59–69; Lamotte 1944, pp. 1213–15; and Deleanu 2000, pp. 74–78.
stong snang|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
stong spyi phud kyi 'jig rten gyi khams|In Buddhist cosmology, a universe that itself contains a thousand world systems, each made up of its own Sumeru, four continents, sun, moon, and god realms.
stong sum kyi stong chen po|“The great thousand, three thousand-fold universe,” a cosmological term that signifies the entire universe.
stug pa'i sprin|A holy site blessed by the presence of sages.
su bI ro|A land to the west of Jambudvīpa.
su be lang gi nags|A forest on Great Slope.
su bha ge|‟Blissful One,” one of the six kinnara queens
su bi ra|A country ruled by King Udaya during the Buddha’s time.
su ga ta|An epithet of a fully realized buddha (samyak sambuddha).
su kha na|A mountain to the west of Jambudvīpa.
su ma ga da|Unidentified river. Possibly the Son River.
su ma na|Jasminum sambac.
su me gho|A mountain in the sea west of Jambudvīpa.
su me ru|Father of the buddha Viniścitamati.
su ren dra bo dhi|An Indian paṇḍita who was resident in Tibet during the late eighth and early ninth centuries.
su ren dra bo dhi|An Indian master who came to Tibet during the reign of King Ralpachen (r. 815–838 ce) and helped in the translation of 43 Kangyur texts.
su ren dra bo dhi|Surendrabodhi came to Tibet during reign of King Ralpachen (r. 815–38 ce). He is listed as the translator of forty-three texts and was one of the small group of paṇḍitas responsible for the Mahāvyutpatti Sanskrit-Tibetan dictionary.
su ren dra bo dhi|One of the Indian teachers invited to Tibet at the time of the emperor Ralpachen (early ninth century). He was one of the great Indian pandits who assisted the Tibetan translators such as Yeshé Dé with the translation of Buddhist texts from Sanskrit.
su shI mo|A mountain in the sea west of Jambudvīpa.
su ta sha|Praised as the foremost of male lay practitioners.
sum bcu rtsa gsum pa|One of the gods’ realms.
sum bcu rtsa gsum|The paradise of Indra.
sum bcu rtsa gsum|The heaven of the desire realm just above the heaven of the Four Great Kings atop Sumeru.
sum bcu rtsa gsum|An important heaven in Hindu and Buddhist cosmologies; it is the second heaven in the realm of forms in Buddhist cosmology presided over by Śakra; also refers to the gods who dwell there.
sum cu rtsa gnyis mtshan|The thirty-two marks manifested by a “great being” (mahāpuruṣa). As “great beings,” all buddhas are said to display them.
sum cu rtsa gnyis mtshan|The thirty-two characteristics of a great being (mahāpuruṣa; {skyes bu chen po}), including the uṣṇīṣa, or head mound, and the long tongue.
sum cu rtsa gsum dbang phyug ma|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
sum cu rtsa gsum gyi gnas|Second of six levels of gods in the desire realm.
sum cu rtsa gsum gyi lha|A class of gods within the desire realm (kāmadhātu). Their presiding deity is usually considered to be Śakra, also known as Indra.
sum cu rtsa gsum gyi ris|The second heaven of the desire realm located above Mount Meru and reigned over by Indra and thirty-two other gods.
sum cu rtsa gsum lha'i gnas|The second lowest of the six heavens of the desire realm, located on top of Mount Sumeru in the Buddhist cosmology.
sum cu rtsa gsum pa'i lha rnams|A class of gods who inhabit the heaven of the desire realm just above the heaven of the Four Great Kings atop Sumeru.
sum cu rtsa gsum pa|The Heaven of the “Thirty-Three,” second level of the desire-realm, located on top of Mount Sumeru in the Buddhist cosmology.
sum cu rtsa gsum pa|The second-lowest heaven of the desire realm located above Mount Meru and reigned over by Indra, otherwise known as Śakra, and thirty-two other gods.
sum cu rtsa gsum pa|The paradise of Śakra, also known as Indra, on the summit of Sumeru. The names means “Thirty-Three,” from the thirty-three principal deities that dwell there.
sum cu rtsa gsum pa|The heaven “of the thirty-three gods” at the summit of Mount Meru. This is the second lowest heaven in the realm of sense pleasure (kāmadhātu), above the heaven of the Four Great Kings.
sum cu rtsa gsum pa|The paradise of Indra on the summit of Sumeru, where there are thirty-three leading deities, hence the name “thirty-three.” The second (counting from the lowest) of the six paradises in the desire realm.
sum cu rtsa gsum pa|Lit. “Thirty-Three.” It is the second of the six heavens in the desire realm; also the name of the gods living there. The paradise of Śatakratu on the summit of Sumeru where there are thirty-three leading deities, hence the name.
sum cu rtsa gsum ris|The second heaven of the desire realm located above Mount Meru and reigned over by Indra and thirty-two other deities.
sum cu rtsa gsum|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, the second heaven of the desire realm. It is located above Mount Meru and reigned over by Indra, otherwise known as Śakra, and thirty-two other gods.
sum cu rtsa gsum|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology. Counted among the six heavens of the desire realm, it is traditionally located atop Sumeru, just above the terrace of the Abodes of the Four Great Kings.
sum cu rtsa gsum|The second heaven of the desire realm, located above Mount Meru and reigned over by Śakra (also known as Indra or Kauśika). This heaven receives its name because it encompasses thirty-three distinct divine locations.
sum cu rtsa gsum|The paradise of Indra on the summit of Sumeru where there are thirty-three leading deities, hence the name “Heaven of the Thirty-Three.” The second (counting from the lowest) of the six paradises in the desire realm.
sum cu rtsa gsum|Lit. “Thirty-Three.” It is the second of the six heavens in the desire realm; also the name of the gods living there. The paradise of Śatakratu on the summit of Sumeru where there are thirty-three leading deities, hence the name.
sum cu rtsa gsum|According to Buddhist cosmology, the Heaven of the Thirty-Three is the second lowest of the six heavens of the desire realm (kāmadhātu), just above the Heaven of the Four Great Kings (Caturmahārāja kāyika) and below the Yāma Heaven. It is situated on the flat summit of Mount Sumeru and inhabited by thirty-three divinities, presided over by Śakra.
sum pa|Sumpa is the name of an ancient people living to the north-west of Tibet. They may be the same as the people known as Supiya in Gāndhāran Kharoṣṭhī texts, or may be Hephthalites (see Thomas 1935, pp. 42, 156-9).
sum skor ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
sus kyang mi tshugs pa|Erythrina indica or Erythrina variegate. Also known in English as flame tree, or tiger’s claw. In the summer the plant is covered in large crimson flowers believed to also grow in Indra’s paradise. The coral tree is the most widespread species of Erythrina or māndārava, and is taller than the others.
sus tha li|A land to the north of Jambudvīpa.
tA la'i phreng ba|A mountain in the sea south of Jambudvīpa.
tA ra nA tha|The great Jonang master, 26th throneholder of the tradition (1575–1634).
tA ra|The Buddhist goddess of compassion.
ta ga ra|Tabernaemontana coronaria.
ta la nam mkha' la nye ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Lamp of the Sky of Dharma. Likely the same as the world system Fully-Adorned Sky.
ta la'i rgyal mtshan|A town in South India.
ta la'i rgyal po mngon par 'phags pa'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Adorned with Golden Palmyra Trees.
ta la|Borassus flabelifer.
ta ma la'i 'dab ma dang tsan dan gyi dri mngon par shes pa|A buddha in the northwestern direction.
ta ma la'i 'dab ma|Cinnamomum tamala, which is specifically the Indian bay leaf. Called tamalpatra in Marathi, and tejpatta in Hindi. The Sanskrit and Marathi means “dark-tree leaves.” Also called Malabar leaves, after the name of the northern area of present-day Kerala in southwest India.
ta ma la'i lo ma dang tsan dan gyi dri|Mahā maudgalyāyana’s name when he becomes a buddha in the distant future.
ta ma la'i snying po|The guardian deity of Rājagṛha.
ta ma sa'i nags|A forest located in modern-day Punjab where a community of Buddhist monks flourished.
ta ma sa'i tshal|A forest in Mount Uśīra.
ta po ta|{ta po ta} (or {ta la po ta}?) is the Tibetan transliteration of the Pali and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit word tapodā (or tapoda), which, in the Pali texts, designates a hot spring outside of ancient Rājagṛha. This site, together with its surrounding area, the tapodārāma (Hot Springs Park), was favored as a bathing place by the early Buddhist saṅgha. The hot springs are in operation, even today, near the Veṇuvana site in Rajgir.
ta thA ga ta|A frequently used synonym for buddha. According to different explanations, it can be read as tathā-gata, literally meaning “one who has thus gone,” or as tathā-āgata, “one who has thus come.” Gata, though literally meaning “gone,” is a past passive participle used to describe a state or condition of existence. Tatha (tā), often rendered as “suchness” or “thusness,” is the quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Therefore, this epithet is interpreted in different ways, but in general it implies one who has gone in the same way that the buddhas of the past have gone, or one who has manifested the supreme awakening dependent on the reality that does not abide in the two extremes of existence and quiescence.
ta'i si tu pa|A Chinese title, meaning “Great Preceptor.” It was conferred by the Chinese emperor in 1407 on Chökyi Gyaltsen ({chos kyi rgyal mtshan}), a prominent Karma Kagyü lama. Following his death there have been recognitions of continuous rebirths up to the present time.
tags bzang ris|A ruler of the demigods.
te ma bu ka|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
tha ba spangs|The 240th buddha in the first list, 239th in the second list, and 239th in the third list.
tha ba'i tsher ma med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Bhasmakrodha.
tha chung|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
tha dad du gnas pa|“Detachment.” The name of an eon in the distant past.
tha dad du gnas pa|The quality of someone who has done something to be removed from a monastery or harbored intentions that contradict the Dharma.
tha dad med pa'i go cha|A buddha.
tha dad mi dad par spyod pa|A great bodhisattva.
tha dad pa med pa nyid la dga' ba|The name of a world system in the below direction.
tha dad pa yang dag par shes pa|These are of four kinds and are also found in the Pali tradition and in the Mahāvastu of the Mahāsaṅghikas. They are listed in this sūtra as the discerning knowledge of phenomena, the discerning knowledge of meaning, the discerning knowledge of definitions, and the discerning knowledge of eloquence.
tha dad pa'i 'du shes med pa|Fourth or fifth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
tha dad phyogs mkhyen ye shes blo gros|The sixty-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
tha ma'i cha dang 'thun pa'i kun tu sbyor ba lnga|The five fetters associated with the lower realms comprise desire, hatred, inertia due to wrong views, attachment to moral and ascetic supremacy, and hesitation.
tha ma|One of the rāśis.
tha mi dad pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
tha skar|The name of a nakṣatra.
tha skar|The name of a lunar asterism. Its chief star is known as Beta Arietis in the occidental tradition.
tha spangs ma|Mother of the buddha Merudhvaja.
thab bral|The chief god in the realm of the same name.
thab sbyor bzang po can|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
thab sbyor dmar po can|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi. The variant Raktakuṇḍalin is found in the manuscript B (and confirmed in the Tib. {thab sbyor dmar po can}).
thabs la mkhas pa|The skillful acts of a bodhisattva for the benefit of others.
thabs la mkhas pa|The extraordinary skills of the buddhas and advanced bodhisattvas.
thabs ldan|Father of the buddha Dharmacandra.
thabs ldan|Attendant of the buddha Tīrthakara.
thabs mkhas pa|The skillful acts of a bodhisattva for the benefit of others.
thabs mkhas|The special methods that enlightened beings use to lead other beings to awakening.
thabs|[The male element of the coupling pair in sexual yoga. See “skillful means.”]
thabs|The pair of the deity or practitioner in sexual yoga. See “consort (female)” and “consort (male).”
thabs|[The pair of the deity or practitioner in sexual yoga. See “consort (female)” and “consort (male).”]
thabs|Means and methods available to realized beings; represented by and refers to the male consort in sexual yoga.
thabs|The concept of skillful means is central to the understanding of the Buddha’s enlightened deeds and the many scriptures which are revealed contingent to the needs, interests, and mental dispositions of specific types of individuals. According to the Great Vehicle, training in skillful means collectively denotes the first five of the six transcendent perfections when integrated with wisdom, the sixth transcendent perfection, to form a union of discriminative awareness and means.
thabs|This is the expression in action of the great compassion of the Buddha and the bodhisattvas—physical, verbal, and mental. It follows that one empathetically aware of the troubles of living beings would, for his very survival, devise the most potent and efficacious techniques possible to remove those troubles, and the troubles of living beings are removed effectively only when they reach liberation. “Art” was chosen over the usual “method” and “means” because it has a stronger connotation of efficacy in our technological world; also, in Buddhism, liberative art is identified with the extreme of power, energy, and efficacy, as symbolized in the vajra (adamantine scepter): The importance of this term is highlighted in this sūtra by the fact that Vimalakīrti himself is introduced in the chapter entitled “Inconceivable Skill in Liberative Art”; this indicates that he, as a function of the nirmāṇakāya (incarnation-body), just like the Buddha himself, is the very incarnation of liberative art, and every act of his life is therefore a technique for the development and liberation of living beings. The “liberative” part of the translation follows “salvifique” in Lamotte’s phrase “moyens salvifique.”
thad kar 'gro|One of the rāśis.
thag zangs ris kyi mdun na sgra sgrogs|An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
thag zangs ris|A lord of the asuras; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
thags bzang ris|A ruler of the demigods.
thags bzang ris|One of the kings of the asuras.
thags bzangs ris|An asura king.
thags bzangs ris|The king of the asuras.
thags zangs ris|The king of asuras.
thags zangs ris|A king of the asuras.
thags zangs ris|Name of an asura king.
thal 'gyur ba|The sub-school of the Mādhyamika philosophical school founded by Buddha-Pālita and further developed by Candrakīrti.
thal ba ston|A bodhisattva who seeks a prophecy from Śākyamuni.
thal ba za ma|One of the great piśācīs.
thal ba'i gtsug phud can|An asura king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
thal bar nye gnas ma|One of the great piśācīs.
thal bar rlog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arthasiddhi (589 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thal ba|The younger brother of the king Samudragupta.
thal ba|Five kinds of ash made from five kinds of plants, which are used as medicines.
thal gong rgyas pa|Mvy.
thal gong rgyas pa|Seventeenth of the thirty-two major marks.
thal mo sbyar ba|A gesture of salutation in which the palms are joined together.
thal mo sbyar ba|A gesture of salutation, with the palms of the hands pressed together at the heart.
thal mo|A gesture of reverence with the hands joined at the heart as if in prayer.
thams cad 'byor pa|Birthplace of the buddha Samṛddha.
thams cad 'byor|Birthplace of the buddha Jīvaka.
thams cad 'byung ba|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
thams cad 'dod|Son of the buddha Vikrāntadeva.
thams cad 'gro ba|A city in Videha.
thams cad bltas sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Laḍitakrama.
thams cad brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānaratna.
thams cad bshes gnyen|A great bodhisattva.
thams cad bshes|One of the early great rishis of India, who revealed part of the Vedas.
thams cad byin|Father of the buddha Vikrāntadeva.
thams cad ces bya ba'i grong rdal|The city of King Viśvāmitra.
thams cad dbyangs kyi yan lag sgra skad dpal|The hundred-and-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Sarva svarāṅga ruta ghoṣa śirī.
thams cad dga'|Mother of the buddha Ratnaketu
thams cad dga'|A previous ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
thams cad dgyes pa po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Rāhula (526 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thams cad du 'gro ba'i lam yang dag pa ji lta ba bzhin du rab tu shes pa|Seventh of the ten powers of the tathāgatas.
thams cad du 'gro ba|A parivrājaka who is the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 23.
thams cad du 'phags pa|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
thams cad gtong|A name given to Viśvantara, a prince who was the Buddha in a former life. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-4279 .
thams cad gzigs pa|A buddha.
thams cad gzigs pa|Omniscient one who sees and knows everything. Epithet of a buddha.
thams cad kha dog|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
thams cad kyi bshes gnyen|(1) A king in the past ({thams cad kyi bshes gnyen}). (2) A rṣi in the past ({sna tshogs bshes}).
thams cad kyi snying po|A mountain in Endowed with Increasing Bliss.
thams cad kyi thams cad|Mahāvyutpatti 6405.
thams cad la dbang ba'i lus rab tu snang ba|A bodhimaṇḍa in a world realm in the eastern direction. The Sanskrit is a reconstruction from the Tibetan. The Chinese and Sanskrit each have a different version of the name. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-4642 .
thams cad las 'da' ba|Name of the seventy-eighth meditative stability.
thams cad mchog tu phyin|Birthplace of the buddha Uttama.
thams cad mchog|A past buddha.
thams cad me long|A nāga king.
thams cad mkhyen pa nyid gsum po|The three types of omniscience, as described in this text, are the all-knowledge of śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas; the knowledge of path aspects of bodhisattva great beings; and the knowledge of all aspects which pertain to the tathāgatas. These are explained in detail in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-5119 .
thams cad mkhyen pa nyid|This refers to the gnosis or omniscience of the Buddha, the “All-Knowing” or “Omniscient” One.
thams cad mkhyen pa nyid|The state of knowing all possible and actual states of affairs of the past, present, and future (i.e., total omniscience) or knowing all that is most soteriologically relevant, the basic nature of reality (i.e., essential omniscience).
thams cad mkhyen pa'i blo gros 'od zer gyi rgyal po|A buddha.
thams cad mkhyen pa|An epithet of the Buddha and a title for high lamas in the Tibetan tradition.
thams cad mkhyen pa|The all-knowing state of complete buddhahood that is the goal of the Great Vehicle path.
thams cad mkhyen pa|This refers to the gnosis or omniscience of the Buddha, the “All-Knowing” or “Omniscient” One.
thams cad mkhyen pa|An epithet of the buddhas. The homage to the Omniscient One at the beginning of a Buddhist scripture usually indicates that it belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka.
thams cad mkhyen pa|This refers to the gnosis of the Buddha, with which there is nothing he does not know. However, not to confuse “omniscience” with the theistic conception of an omniscient god, the “everything” here is specifically everything about the source of the predicament of worldly life and the way of transcendence of that world through liberation. Since “everything” is only an abstract term without any particular referent, once we are clear about the implications of infinity, it does not refer to any sort of ultimate totality, since a totality can only be relative, i.e., a totality within a particular frame of reference. Thus, as Dharmakīrti has remarked, “it is not a question of the Buddha’s knowing the number of fish in the ocean,” i.e., since there are infinity of fish in infinity of oceans in infinity of worlds and universes. The Buddha’s omniscience, rather, knows how to develop and liberate any fish in any ocean, as well as all other living beings.
thams cad mnga' ba|In early Buddhism the third of seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. The first three buddhas—Vipaśyin, Śikhin, and Viśvabhuk—appeared in a kalpa earlier than our Bhadra kalpa, and therefore Śākyamuni is more commonly referred to as the fourth buddha.
thams cad mngon par 'byor ba|The pleasure garden where Śakra’s elephant roams.
thams cad mnyam pa|A world system in the southern direction.
thams cad mthong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Oṣadhi.
thams cad mun pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
thams cad phyag na rin po che|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
thams cad rab tu dga' bar gnas pa|(1) A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods ({thams cad rab tu dga' bar gnas pa}). (2) A mountain in Promotion ({kun nas dga' ba}).
thams cad rgyags pa|Name of a nāga king.
thams cad rtser 'jug rtsom pa'i khyu mchog|A buddha.
thams cad sa 'og|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
thams cad sbyin|Father of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
thams cad sgra 'byin pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Howling Hell.
thams cad sgrol ba'i dbyangs sgrol|Name of a tathāgata.
thams cad sgrol|A prince who was the Buddha in a former life.
thams cad shes pa nyid|Third of the eight progressive sections of clear realization.
thams cad skye ba|A forest in Continuous Movement.
thams cad skyob pa|The third of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh (in some texts his name is rendered {kun skyobs} in Tibetan).
thams cad skyob|One of the six buddhas who preceded Śākyamuni in this Fortunate Eon.
thams cad skyob|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight tathāgatas.
thams cad skyob|Name of a king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
thams cad skyob|The third of the seven tathāgatas/buddhas. Identified in other texts as the last buddha to appear in the eon that preceded the present one.
thams cad skyob|One of the tathāgatas.The third of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. Identified in other texts as the last buddha to appear in the eon that preceded the present one.
thams cad skyob|In early Buddhism, the third of the seven buddhas, with Śākyamuni as the seventh. The first three buddhas—Vipaśyin, Śikhin, and Viśvabhu—are in an earlier eon than the Bhadraka eon, and therefore Śākyamuni is more commonly referred to as the fourth buddha.
thams cad snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnapradatta.
thams cad yod pas rgyags pa yang dag bcom|A buddha.
thams cad yongs su gtong ba'i go cha bgos|A great bodhisattva.
thams cad zil gnon|A buddha in the past.
thams cad zil gyis gnon pa|A bodhisattva and a buddha.
thang la gnas pa|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-048-001-OLD.html#UT22084-048-001-OLD-37 .
thang la gnas pa|One of the Buddha’s foremost hearer disciples. The Tibetan rendering of his name in in other texts is {gnas 'jog}. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-048-001.html#UT22084-048-001-37 .
thang shing|Cedrus deodara; devadār in Hindi. A cedar tree whose inner wood is aromatic and used for incense. The Sanskrit literally means “divine tree.”
thangs pa'i dbyangs kyi nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
thangs pa'i gnas|The name of a meditation practice focusing on the cultivation of compassion (karuṇā), love (maitri), empathetic joy (muditā) and equanimity (upekṣā).
thar 'byor|Attendant of the buddha Laḍita.
thar 'dod ma|Mother of the buddha Udāragarbha.
thar 'dod|Son of the buddha Mahauṣadhi.
thar byed|Son of the buddha Laḍitāgragāmin.
thar dga'|Son of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna raśmi.
thar dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sañjayin (49 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar pa 'byor|Birthplace of the buddha Arthasiddhi.
thar pa bkod pa|Attendant of the buddha Vyūharāja.
thar pa brtsegs|Son of the buddha Meruprabha.
thar pa bzang po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sārodgata (856 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar pa dad|Son of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.
thar pa dad|Mother of the buddha Anilavegagāmin.
thar pa dga'|Son of the buddha Sumitra.
thar pa dga'|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍha.
thar pa dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Surūpa.
thar pa dga'|Father of the buddha Pratibhāna kīrti.
thar pa dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnavyūha.
thar pa dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmagāmin 436 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar pa dmigs|Mother of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.
thar pa la dga' ba'i tog|Attendant of the buddha Viśvadeva.
thar pa la dmigs pa'i rgyal po|Son of the buddha Brahmavasu.
thar pa lha|Mother of the buddha Maruttejas.
thar pa mchog|Mother of the buddha Dīptatejas.
thar pa pad ma dkar po|Attendant of the buddha Bodhyaṅgapuṣpa.
thar pa rin po che'i snod blo can|Attendant of the buddha Samāhitātman.
thar pa rnam 'phrul pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Askhalita buddhi.
thar pa rnam par sgrogs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śrīprabha.
thar pa sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puruṣadatta.
thar pa snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Jagadīśvara.
thar pa'i 'gros|Mother of the buddha Ananta guṇa tejorāśi.
thar pa'i 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ūrṇa.
thar pa'i 'od zer|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sarvatejas.
thar pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śrotriya.
thar pa'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhahastin (353 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar pa'i brtul zhugs|Mother of the buddha Matimat.
thar pa'i brtul zhugs|The 863rd buddha in the first list, 862nd in the second list, and 852nd in the third list.
thar pa'i brtul zhugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Avraṇa (811 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar pa'i bsam gtan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍha (795 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar pa'i dbyangs|Mother of the buddha Siṃhadaṃṣṭra.
thar pa'i dbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Vighuṣṭatejas.
thar pa'i gzi brjid|The 424th buddha in the first list, 423rd in the second list, and 417th in the third list.
thar pa'i gzi byin|The 634th buddha in the first list, 633rd in the second list, and 626th in the third list.
thar pa'i mdzod|Attendant of the buddha Sukhacittin.
thar pa'i me tog|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānapriya.
thar pa'i nga ro|Mother of the buddha Ratnaruta.
thar pa'i nyi ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ketu (404 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar pa'i phung po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amohavihārin.
thar pa'i rgyal mtshan|Mother of the buddha Sudhana.
thar pa'i rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Vigataśoka.
thar pa'i rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahātejas.
thar pa'i rgyal mtshan|The 803rd buddha in the first list, 802nd in the second list, and 792nd in the third list.
thar pa'i rgyan bkod pa'i rgyal po|Son of the buddha Viśvadeva.
thar pa'i sems|Son of the buddha Jñānakrama.
thar pa'i sems|Attendant of the buddha Mahita.
thar pa'i sgra dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānaruta.
thar pa'i sgra|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
thar pa'i shes rab|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ananta pratibhāna raśmi (933 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar pa'i tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
thar pa'i yon tan rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇadharma.
thar par bzhud|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhagati (84 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thar par dad par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Druma.
thar par gzhol|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśāntamala.
thar par zhugs pa|Perhaps a gloss or paraphrase for noble persons or noble ones, i.e., those who, through having reached the path of seeing, belong to one of four types: stream enterer (Skt. srota-āpanna), once-returner (Skt. sakṛdāgāmin), non-returner (Skt. anāgāmin), or worthy one (Skt. arhat). These stages are characterized by the gradual elimination of the fetters (Skt./Pāli saṃyojana) that bind one to saṃsāra and to being an ordinary person (Skt. pṛthagjana; Pāli puthujjana).
thar pa|Release or deliverance from saṃsāra.
thar pa|The state of freedom from suffering and saṃsāra that is the goal of the Buddhist path.
thar sems rgyal po|Father of the buddha Sukhacittin.
thar|The state of freedom from suffering and saṃsāra that is the goal of the Buddhist path.
the tshom 'joms|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Tiṣya.
the tshom kun bcom|A prince in the distant past.
the tshom med pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhāgīrathi.
the tshom med|Son of the buddha Hutārci.
the tshom rnam par 'jig pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Yaśottara.
the tshom sel|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṇyatejas.
the tshom spangs pa|The 181st buddha in the first list, 180th in the second list, and 180th in the third list.
the tshom|Fifth of the five obscurations; second of the three fetters; and fifth of the five fetters associated with the lower realms.
the tsom gcod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
the tsom rnam par grol ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prasanna.
theg mchog dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmahastin.
theg pa chen po|Literally the Sanskrit means “great way,” but in Buddhism this has developed the meaning of great vehicle, and so is translated literally into Tibetan as “great carrier.”
theg pa chen po|One of the major three Buddhist schools, Hīnayāna (Small Vehicle), Mahāyāna (Great Vehicle), and Vajrayāna (Diamond Vehicle). The Great Vehicle is characterized by its emphasis on compassion and altruistic principles of the bodhisattva path.
theg pa chen po|Vehicle or path of the bodhisattvas; when contrasted with the Śrāvakayāna with respect to its salvific power or goal, the Mahāyāna is characterized by the bodhisattvas’ postponement of their own liberation from saṃsāra and their aspiration to save all sentient beings.
theg pa chen po|The means by which aspirants to nirvāṇa attain the state of buddhahood and thus seek to liberate others. Though the Great Vehicle and the vehicle of the śrāvakas have distinct ends, in this sūtra the distinction between the means to the two ends is less than clear. Both paths involve the analysis and apprehension of dharmas as empty.
theg pa chen po|The “Great Vehicle” of Buddhism, called “great” because it aims with altruistic intent to transport all living beings to the goal of liberation. It is distinguished from the Hinayāna (Lesser Vehicle), including the Śrāvakayāna (Śrāvaka Vehicle) and Pratyeka buddha yāna (Solitary Buddha Vehicle), which allegedly aims to transport only its followers to their own personal liberation.
theg pa chen po|When the Buddhist teachings are classified according to their power to lead beings to an enlightened state, a distinction is made between the teachings of the Lesser Vehicle, which emphasizes the individual’s own freedom from cyclic existence as the primary motivation and goal, and those of the Great Vehicle, which emphasizes altruism and has the liberation of all sentient beings as the principal objective. As the term “Great Vehicle” implies, the path followed by bodhisattvas is analogous to a large carriage which can transport a vast number of people to liberation, as compared to a smaller vehicle for the individual practitioner. See also “Lesser Vehicle.”
theg pa dam pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
theg pa dman pa|Literally “the lesser way” or “lesser vehicle.” It is a collective term for the śrāvakayāna and pratyeka buddha yāna, which have nirvāṇa instead of buddhahood as their goal.
theg pa dman pa|This is a collective term used by proponents of the Great Vehicle to refer to the hearer vehicle (śrāvakayāna) and solitary buddha vehicle (pratyeka buddha yāna). The name stems from their goal‍—i.e. nirvāṇa and personal liberation‍—being seen as small or lesser than the goal of the Great Vehicle‍—i.e. buddhahood and the liberation of all sentient beings. See also “Great Vehicle.”
theg pa gsum|The hearer, solitary buddha, and bodhisattva vehicles.
theg pa gsum|The vehicles of the hearers, solitary buddhas, and bodhisattvas.
theg pa gsum|The Śrāvaka Vehicle, the Pratyekabuddha Vehicle, and the Bodhisattva Vehicle.
theg pa gsum|The Hearers’ Vehicle, the Pratyekabuddha Vehicle, and the Bodhisattva Vehicle.
theg pa gsum|In the context of the sūtras, the three vehicles are the Śrāvaka, the Pratyeka buddha, and the Bodhisattva Vehicles.
theg pa|The Sanskrit has several meanings, including “way,” “carriage,” and “vehicle.”
theg pa|Literally “vehicle” or “way of going,” the three yānas referred to here are the Śrāvaka yāna, Pratyekabuddha yāna, and Bodhisattva yāna.
theg pa|A “way of going,” which primarily means a path or a way. It can also mean a conveyance or carriage; this definition is represented in commentarial literature by the Tibetan translation as “carrier,” and therefore it is also translated into English as “vehicle.”
them spangs ma|One of the two textual lineages of the Kangyur, starting from a manuscript so named that was produced at Gyantsé ({rgyal rtse}) in 1431.
them spangs ma|One of the two main lineages through which different Kangyurs can be traced, although most are of more or less mixed lineage. This lineage started with a manuscript called the Thempangma that was produced at Gyantsé (rgyal rtse) in 1431 from sources in the locality.
theng po|Those having a certain physical condition that is considered an impediment to ordination.
thi ba|Twenty-second of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
thig le che|The great drop refers to the light of a blue moon disk that illuminates all things movable and immovable.
thig le gsum pa|A forest on Upward Ocean.
thig le mchog|One of the apsarases.
thig le mchog|The name of an apsaras; in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala she is one of the eight goddesses of offerings.
thig le'i nags|A forest on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Kanakamuni.
thig le|Name of a nāga lady of a former time.
thig le|An ornamental dot painted between the eyebrows.
thig le|A mark between the eyebrows, usually made with auspicious substances.
thig le|The symbol denoting the nasalization of a Sanskrit vowel, comprised of a dot above a crescent.
thig le|A mantra deity. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-088-038.html#UT22084-088-038-5619 .
thig le|A drop (as of liquids); a “drop” of concentrated energy in the channels of the subtle body; the shape of a drop with a small protuberance above visualized above mantric syllables as part of the anunāsika (the nasal mark).
thig nag po|The second of the eight hot hells. Black lines are drawn on the bodies of the inhabitants and then they are sawed apart along those lines.
thig nag|“Black Line.”
thig nag|“Black Thread,” one of the hot hells.
thig nag|Name of one of the great hells; see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-152 .
thig nag|Second of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. The guardians of the Black Thread Hell mark the bodies of its inhabitants with a black thread before cutting and slicing them apart along those lines.
thigs pa can|A city in Kosala.
thigs pa'i blo gros|A king.
thigs|A deity.
tho ling|The important West Tibetan monastery founded in 996 ce by King Yeshé Ö ({ye shes 'od}) and the translator Rinchen Zangpo ({rin chen bzang po}).
thob pa|A conditioned factor that according to Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma is responsible for the ripening of karmic actions subsequent to their having been performed. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-068-021.html#UT22084-068-021-433 .
thod can|One of the vidyās attending upon Mañjuśrī.
thod pa can|A class of wandering ascetics.
thod pa can|A wrathful emanation of Hevajra(?).
thod pa can|An epithet, or one of the emanations, of Śiva.
thod rgal|Lit. “in leaps.” Name of a meditative stabilization. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-029-001.html#UT22084-029-001-4876 .
thod rgal|Lit. “topsy-turvy”; in a mixed order. Also translated here as “loosely organized” and “perverted.” See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-057-006.html#UT22084-057-006-156 .
thod|One of the ritual implements; top part of a human skull used as a cup, usually filled with blood, held by some wrathful deities.
thod|The vault or calvaria of a human skull used as a cup held by some wrathful deities, often filled with blood; or a skull cup used as a ritual implement.
thog ma dang tha ma med pa stong pa nyid 'byung ba'i gtsug tor|One among a list of sixteen uṣṇīṣa buddhas named after the sixteen emptinesses.
thog ma dang tha ma med pa stong pa nyid|Tenth of the eighteen aspects of emptiness.
thog ma dang tha ma med pa stong pa nyid|One of the fourteen emptinesses and eighteen emptinesses.
thogs ma mi mnga' ba'i spyan|A thus-gone one of the past.
thogs med 'khor lo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jaya (67 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thogs med blo|The 527th buddha in the first list, 527th in the second list, and 520th in the third list.
thogs med blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratibhāna varṇa (723 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thogs med blta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vikrīḍita.
thogs med dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmeśvara (867 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thogs med dpal|Name of a sage, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
thogs med grags pa|The 629th buddha in the first list, 628th in the second list, and 621st in the third list.
thogs med gshegs pa po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃharaśmi (343 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thogs med rgyal mtshan|The 873rd buddha in the first list, 872nd in the second list, and 863rd in the third list.
thogs med sems|Name of a bodhisattva.
thogs med spyan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Apagatakleśa (263 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thogs med ston|Name of a buddha.
thogs med|Famous Yogācāra scholar.
thogs med|Attendant of the buddha Gagana.
thogs med|Fourth-century Indian founder of the Yogācāra tradition.
thogs med|Indian master of the fourth century ce, and a major founder of the Yogācāra school of Buddhism.
thogs med|Indian commentator from the late fourth– early fifth centuries; closely associated with the works of Maitreya and the Yogācāra philosophical school.
thogs med|This great Indian philosopher lived in the fourth century and was the founder of the Vijñānavāda, or “Consciousness-Only,” school of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
thogs pa med pa'i 'khor lo|A buddha.
thogs pa med pa'i bde byed kyi gtsug tor|One of the mantra deities.
thogs pa med pa'i blo|Attendant of the buddha Padma.
thogs pa med pa'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suvarṇacūḍa.
thogs pa med pa'i dbyangs kyi nga ro|A buddha.
thogs pa med pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
thogs pa med pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śāntatejas.
thogs pa med pa'i sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Apagatakleśa.
thogs pa med pa'i snying stobs go cha|A great bodhisattva.
thogs pa med pa'i spos kyi glang po|A buddha.
thogs pa med pa'i spyan|Name of a buddha.
thogs pa med par gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sumedhas.
thogs pa med par ston|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Suvrata.
thogs pa med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍha.
thogs pa med pa|A bodhisattva from the world known as Great Heap.
thogs pa med pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Rāhu.
thogs pa med pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Indradhvaja (454 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thogs pa med|Father of the buddha Sumati.
thogs pa'i rkyen|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its thirty-eighth week.
thon mi sam bho ta|First recorded in medieval Tibetan literature as a seventh-century minister of the Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo, he is credited with the invention of the Tibetan alphabet and the composition of two much-studied grammar texts.
thor tshugs|A tuft or protuberance on the head. It may refer to the uṣṇīṣa, a coif of flesh or hair atop a buddha’s head. This Tibetan expression can also translate śikhābandha, a topknot of hair.
thos 'od|Attendant of the buddha Jagadraśmi.
thos na mi dga' ba med pa|A location in the Heaven of Joy.
thos pa bstsags|Attendant of the buddha Girīndrakalpa.
thos pa rgya mtsho|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Merudhvaja.
thos pa rtogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Atiyaśas.
thos pa thams cad kyis rnam par sprul pa bkod pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Smṛtiprabha.
thos pa'i 'byung gnas|Attendant of the buddha Anihata.
thos pa'i 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
thos pa'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Suvrata.
thos pa'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Samudradatta.
thos pa'i don sems|Attendant of the buddha Mahāyaśas.
thos pa|Twelfth of the eighteen fields of knowledge
thos pa|Hearing or listening to teachings, this refers to receiving oral instructions and studying scriptures.
thos rig rab gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇārci.
thos spyod|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
thu bo|A great bodhisattva.
thu rtsal gzhan gyis mi thub|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vipulabuddhi.
thu thu zhun|Also written Dushun (557–640). The first patriarch of the Huayan School, which is based on the Avataṃsaka Sūtra.
thub dka'|Birthplace of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.
thub dka'|An attendant of the Buddha Myriad Flowers.
thub dka'|One of the bodhisattvas in the Buddha’s retinue; also one of the māras.
thub dka'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Druma.
thub gsal|The 612th buddha in the first list, 611th in the second list, and 605th in the third list.
thub med grags|Father of the buddha Aridama.
thub med rgyal|A city ruled by King Jaya before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
thub med sde|Son of the buddha Vṛṣabha.
thub med stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arhaddeva.
thub med|Son of the buddha Vidyutketu.
thub med|Attendant of the buddha Pratimaṇḍita.
thub med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prabhākara.
thub pa brgyad pa|This is most likely a reference to the eight buddhas mentioned in the Kriyātantras, such as the Mañjuśrī mūla kalpa (https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-088-038.html#UT22084-088-038-1092). They are Ratnaśikhin, Saṃkusumitarājendra, Śālendrarāja, Sunetra, Duḥprasaha, Vairocana, Bhaiṣajyavaidūryarāja, and Rājendra.
thub pa chen po|An epithet of a buddha. Muni is an ancient title, derived from the verb man (“to contemplate”), given to someone who has attained the realization of a truth through their own contemplation and not by divine revelation.
thub pa mchod 'dod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rativyūha.
thub pa mchog|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
thub pa med pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Cakradhara.
thub pa med pa'i mthu|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arciskandha.
thub pa med pa'i sde|Birthplace of the buddha Cakradhara.
thub pa med pa'i tshogs ston pa'i blo gros|Father of the buddha Raśmijāla.
thub pa med pa'i tshogs|The 332nd buddha in the first list, 331st in the second list, and 326th in the third list.
thub pa med pa|Father of the buddha Anupama.
thub pa med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sundarapārśva.
thub pa'i dbang phyug|An epithet of the Buddha.
thub pa'i drang srong rnams kyi gnas|A place, described in the opening lines of this sūtra as being on Khalatika Mountain, but not mentioned elsewhere in the Kangyur except (as {thub pa'i drang srong chen po'i gnas}) in the Vimala prabha paripṛcchā (Toh 168) and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh357.html (Toh 357), in both cases in connection with the Gomasalaganda stūpa in Khotan.
thub pa'i me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Samadhyāyin (775 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thub pa'i rgyal po|One of the standard epithets of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
thub pa'i rgyal po|An epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Muni is an ancient title, derived from the verb man (“to contemplate”), given to someone who has attained the realization of a truth through their own contemplation and not by divine revelation.
thub pa'i tshigs su bcad pa|A lost verse text possibly included in the Kṣudraka piṭaka of the Mūla sarvāstivādins.
thub par dka'|The 611th buddha in the first list, 610th in the second list, and 604th in the third list.
thub par grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Lokottīrṇa (181 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thub pa|A nonsectarian, honorific title applied to accomplished and realized representatives of India’s religious traditions.
thub pa|Indian sage or wise man (often a wandering ascetic or hermit).\nHere also used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
thub pa|An epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni. The Sanskrit term connotes “silence” or “quiescence,” which is regarded as a central quality of sages. The Tibetan {thub pa} means “capable one.”
thub pa|“Sage.” An epithet for a buddha. Muni is an ancient title, derived from the verb man (“to contemplate”), given to someone who has attained the realization of a truth through their own contemplation and not by divine revelation.
thub pa|An ancient title given to ascetics, monks, hermits, and saints, namely, someone who has attained the realization of a truth through their own contemplation and not by divine revelation.\nHere also used as a specific epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
thub pa|An ancient title, derived from the verb man (“to contemplate”), given to those who have attained the realization of a truth through their own contemplation and not by divine revelation. Also rendered here as “sage.”\nUsed here as an epithet of the buddhas and of the Buddha Śākyamuni in particular.
thub thul|Father of the buddha Anupamavādin.
thub|An ancient title given to ascetics, monks, hermits, and saints, namely, those who have attained the realization of a truth through their own contemplation and not by divine revelation.\nHere also used as a specific epithet of the buddhas.
thug pa|An acceptable form of food for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
thugs brtse ba'i blo gros|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
thugs dag|Name of a future buddha.
thugs drag po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
thugs kar dpal gyi be'us legs par brgyan pa|Seventy-sixth of the eighty minor marks.
thugs ni shin tu gzhungs|The 502nd buddha in the first list, 501st in the second list, and 495th in the third list.
thugs rab dang ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaṇin (42 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
thugs rab gzhungs|The 352nd buddha in the first list, 351st in the second list, and 346th in the third list.
thugs rje che mnga'|The eighteenth (nineteenth in the Sanskrit) buddha in a kalpa in the distant past
thugs rje chen po la lta bas yongs su mi skyo ba|The name of an absorption.
thugs rje chen po mnga' ba|The first of five hundred buddhas in a future kalpa.
thugs rje chen po'i seng ge|The third of five hundred buddhas in a future kalpa.
thugs rje chen po'i sprin gyi rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past.
thugs rje chen pos sems can thams cad la gzigs pa|A tathāgata in the southwestern buddhafield Virtuous Eye.
thugs rje chen po|Name of a thus-gone one.
thugs rje'i 'od|A buddha in the distant past.
thugs rnam par sangs rgyas|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
thugs zla ba|Candrabuddhi (Moon-Like Mind) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Color of the Mirror Disk.
thun mong gi chos|Common phenomena from the perspective of ordinary persons, as described in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-417 , include the following: the four meditative concentrations, the four immeasurable aspirations, the four formless meditative absorptions, and the [first] five extrasensory powers.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 ).
thun mong ma lags pa'i chos|Uncommon phenomena from the perspective of ordinary persons, as described in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-418 , include the following: the thirty-seven aspects of enlightenment, the ten powers of the tathāgatas, the four assurances, the four kinds of exact knowledge, the three gateways to liberation, and [all the aforementioned attributes], up to and including the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 ).
thun tshod du rung ba|One of “the four medicines.” This category of medicine is comprised of juices and selected other strained or pulp-free liquids, which were mainly allowed as they helped to combat the “illness” of thirst. This includes coca (coconut milk), moca (gum of the śālmalī tree), kola (jujube, sour juice or vinegar), aśvattha (juice of leaves of the fig-tree or bodhi tree), udumbara (juice of leaves of the fig-tree), pāruṣika (juice of Frewia Asiatica), mṛdvikā (raisin juice), kharjura (date juice).
thun tshod|A unit of time equal to three hours, thus comprising one eighth of the day.
thung ngu ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
thun|A unit of time measuring a quarter of the day or night; about three hours.
thun|This most commonly refers to a meditation session but derives from the division of a twenty-four-hour day into eight three-hour periods. This also refers to the period in which a person takes two thousand seven hundred breaths.
thur ma|A wood splint four-finger widths tall used as a sundial to mark the time in ordination ceremonies.
thur sel|One of the five vital airs, centered in the anus.
ti la ka|Sesamum indicum.
ti ra ka|Name of a yakṣa.
ti se yi ni rtse mo na|“Dwelling on the top of Sumeru”; it is not clear whether it refers here to Pārvatī or to one of the Buddhist goddesses.
ti se'i gangs thub|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ti se'i ri|Mount Kailash, often considered the earthly representation of Mount Meru, the central world-axis in numerous South Asian cosmographies. In its role as the center of the cosmos, Mount Kailash is considered to be the dwelling place of numerous Buddhist and non-Buddhist deities including the Hindu god Śiva, the tantric Buddhist god Cakrasaṃvara, Kubera, and others. The mountain is considered sacred to Hindus, Buddhists, and Bönpos.
ti se'i rwa|A mountain north of Jambudvīpa.
ti se|A mountain in the north of Jambudvīpa.
ti se|Normally regarded the same as Mount Sumeru; in some contexts, though, it appears to be different.
ti se|A sacred mountain located in the Himālaya, thought by Buddhists and Hindus to be the abode of a number of important gods.
tika|Dot painted between the eyebrows.
til mar dbang po|Father of the buddha Tejorāśi.
tin di kun dga'|(1) A park in Sustained by Fruition ({rtag tu dga' ba}). (2) A pleasure grove in High Conduct ({rtag tu dga' ba}). (3) A pond on Equal Peaks ({rtag tu mngon par dga' ba}). (4) A forest of the asuras ({tin di kun dga'}).
ting 'dzin|A deep, immersive state of meditation.
ting 'dzin|Stable, one-pointed mental concentration.
ting 'dzin|Meditative absorption in which the mind remains effortlessly one-pointed.
ting 'dzin|A synonym for meditation, this refers to the state of deep meditative immersion that results from different modes of Buddhist practice.
ting 'dzin|A general term for states of deep concentration. One of the synonyms for meditation, referring in particular to a state of complete concentration or focus.
ting nge 'dzin bsgom pa bzhi|Listed here as the cultivation of samādhi that brings about the destruction of attraction, the cultivation of samādhi that brings about a pleasant abiding in this very life, the cultivation of samādhi that brings about the obtainment of the vision of awareness, and the cultivation of samādhi that brings about the obtainment of wisdom.
ting nge 'dzin gyi dbang po|Fourth of the five faculties.
ting nge 'dzin gyi glang po dam pa'i dpal|A buddha of the northeast.
ting nge 'dzin gyi glang po dam pa'i dpal|Lit. “Glorious Supreme Elephant of Meditative Stabilization.” A buddha in a world system called Samādhyalaṃkṛtā in the intermediate northeast direction.
ting nge 'dzin gyi phung po|Second of the five definitive aggregates.
ting nge 'dzin gyi phung po|One of the five uncontaminated aggregates.
ting nge 'dzin gyi phyag rgya shin tu yangs pa'i cod pan shes rab kyi 'od|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ting nge 'dzin gyi rgyal po ltar rab tu gnas pa|Name of the twelfth meditative stability.
ting nge 'dzin gyi rgyal po|Lit. “king of meditative stabilizations.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ting nge 'dzin gyi ri rab mngon par 'phags pa'i ye shes|A buddha in the distant past.
ting nge 'dzin gyi snying po|A great bodhisattva.
ting nge 'dzin gyi stobs|Fourth of the five powers.
ting nge 'dzin gyis brgyan pa|Lit. “Adorned with Meditative Stabilizations.” A world system in the intermediate northeast direction, where the buddha Samādhi hastyuttara śrī now dwells.
ting nge 'dzin kyi phung po|Second of the five pure aggregates.
ting nge 'dzin la rgyal po ltar rab tu gnas pa|Lit. “good standing like a king in meditative stabilization.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ting nge 'dzin mnyam pa nyid|Name of the 104th meditative stability.
ting nge 'dzin mnyam pa nyid|Lit. “sameness meditative stabilization.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ting nge 'dzin nyams pa med pa|Tenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
ting nge 'dzin rdul dang bral ba'i stobs kyi rnam par gnon pa|One of the tathāgatas.
ting nge 'dzin rgya mtsho thams cad snang bar mdzad pa'i seng ge|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ting nge 'dzin yang dag byang chub kyi yan lag|Sixth of the seven branches of enlightenment.
ting nge 'dzin|A synonym for meditation, this refers to the state of deep meditative immersion that results from different modes of Buddhist practice.
ting nge 'dzin|Also called “(meditative) concentration,” the ability of the mind to concentrate on a specific object of cognition for a length of time (Rigzin 144). Closely related to dhyāna. Also rendered here as “meditation.”
ting nge 'dzin|A general term for states of deep meditation. One of the synonyms for meditation, referring in particular to a state of complete concentration or focus. The term is sometimes used to refer to a list of such states.
ting nge 'dzin|A central term in Buddhism for states of deep concentration. It refers more specifically to contemplations involving one-pointed concentration that foster wholesome states of mind. It can refer more broadly to teachings (or sets of teachings) that lead the listener to states of absorption.
ting nge 'dzin|A central term in Buddhism, generally denoting states of deep concentration or contemplations that foster wholesome states of mind. In this text (see Introduction https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-045-001.html#UT22084-045-001-14670 et seq.) it most often refers, more broadly, to a wide range of teachings and practices that constitute the bodhisattva path.
ting nge 'dzin|Some readers may be familiar with the term samadhi, written without diacritics as it would appear in English dictionaries, where it is usually explained as referring to meditation or meditative states.\nIn a more restricted sense, and when understood as a mental state, samādhi is defined as the one-pointedness of the mind (cittaikāgratā), the ability to remain on the same object over long periods of time. In Vaibhāṣika abhidharma, samādhi is a mental state that accompanies each and every moment of mind; the practice of meditation and the like is for the purpose of making samādhi more powerful (samādhiś cittasyaikagrateti agram ālambanam ity eko 'rthaḥ yadyogāc cittaṃ prabandhena ekatrālambane vartate sa samādhiḥ yadi samādhiḥ sarva cetasi bhavati kim arthaṃ dhyāneṣu yatnaḥ kriyate balavatsamādhiniṣpādanārthaṃ, Abhidharma kośa vyākhyā 2.24,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4092.html Wogihara 1989, p. 128). Some forms of abhidharma (Yogācāra, for example) do not consider samādhi as a mental factor that accompanies every moment of mind.\nIn a slightly less technical sense, samādhi can describe a number of different meditative states, including the highest such as the “samādhi that is like a diamond” (vajropamasamādhi).\nIf we understand the term samādhi as derived from sam + ā + dhā, the sense is something like to “place together” or “collect.” In the Tibetan rendering of this term, the {'dzin} represents, we think, the root dhā and matches one of the senses of this root, “to hold” (dhāraṇa). The possible etymology of {ting nge} is debated and possibly a complex matter; if we accept the hypothesis that {ting nge} is related to {gting}, then the sense is probably akin to “profound” or “deep,” which may indicate taking sam + ā more or less as intensifiers.\nThe sgra sbyor bam po gnyis pa commentary on the Mahāvyutpatti explains the term samādhi as referring to the instrument through which mind and mental states “get collected,” i.e., it is by the force of samādhi that the continuum of mind and mental states becomes collected on a single point of reference without getting distracted ({samAdhi zhes pa samAdhiyante anena zhes bya ste / ting nge 'dzin gyi mthus sems dang sems las byung ba'i rgyud dmigs pa gcig la sdud cing mi g.yo bar ting nge 'dzin 'jog pas na ting nge 'dzin zhes bya}).
to'u te ya|A rich brahmin from Tudigāma (name of the town in the Pāli language) and Śuka’s father. (In Pāli, their names are given as Todeyya and Subha, respectively.)
tog 'brangs|Mother of the buddha Keturāṣṭra.
tog 'od|The 552nd buddha in the first list, 552nd in the second list, and 545th in the third list.
tog 'phags|Attendant of the buddha Marutskandha.
tog bzang po|A buddha realm.
tog bzangs|Father of the buddha Candrapradīpa.
tog bzang|Father of the buddha Marutpūjita.
tog bzang|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
tog chen ma|Mother of the buddha Vimuktaketu.
tog chen mo|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
tog chen po'i rgyal mtshan|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
tog chen po|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
tog chen|Name of a rākṣasī and Dharma protector.
tog chen|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Susvara.
tog chen|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnacūḍa (296 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tog dang ldan pa|A southwestern buddha realm.
tog dkar po|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight chief pratyeka buddhas.
tog gi 'od|Father of the buddha Sarvatejas
tog gi 'od|Mother of the buddha Sucīrṇabuddhi.
tog gi 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Pradyotarāja.
tog gi 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
tog gi 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śuddhasāgara (816 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tog gi blo gros ma|Mother of the buddha Puṇyatejas.
tog gi blo gros|A king.
tog gi dbang po'i rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇendrakalpa.
tog gi dpal|A bodhisattva.
tog gi gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Varuṇa.
tog gi nga ro|Father of the buddha Keturāṣṭra.
tog gi phung po|Attendant of the buddha Creator.
tog gi phyag mtshan|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
tog gi rgyal mtshan|Mother of the buddha Satyaketu.
tog gi rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Vimuktaketu.
tog gi rgyal mtshan|Birthplace of the buddha Vimuktaketu.
tog gi rgyal mtshan|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Jewel Peak.
tog gi rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prabhākośa.
tog gi rgyal mtshan|The 823rd buddha in the first list, 822nd in the second list, and 812th in the third list.
tog gi rgyal po|A buddha.
tog gi rgyal po|A wife of the ancient king Prajñāsārathi.
tog gi sgra|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
tog gyi rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
tog ldan ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
tog ldan|Attendant of the buddha Utpala.
tog ldan|Son of the buddha Siṃhavikrāmin.
tog ldan|The 778th buddha in the first list, 777th in the second list, and 767th in the third list.
tog mchog 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mayūraruta.
tog mchog gzi brjid rgyal po|Father of the buddha Ojastejas.
tog mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Ketu.
tog mthu|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
tog rnams snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Rāhucandra.
tog|Attendant of the buddha Maṇiprabha.
tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
tog|A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 18th in the third list.
tog|The 411th buddha in the first list, 410th in the second list, and 404th in the third list.
tog|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the eight pratyeka buddhas; also, the name of an ancient king.
tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānaruta (754 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
trang chu|Five kinds of resin that are used as medicines.
tri do Sha|The three are ignorance, desire, and hatred.
tri ma la|The “stains” of ignorance, desire, and hatred.
tri sha ku ne|One of the two auxiliary kṣetras.
tsA sha|Eighteenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. This most likely refers to the Indian Roller, Coracias indica, a small bird with bright blue plumage.
tsa ba|One of the eight hot hells.
tsa ma sha|An ancient king, contemporary of the Buddha.
tsa nag kya|The minister of the king Bindusāra.
tsa ra ka|In Buddhist usage, a general term for non-Buddhist religious mendicants, often occurring paired with Skt. parivrājaka in stock lists of followers of non-Buddhist traditions.
tsa ra tsa|A river on Great Slope.
tsa sha|The bird Coracias indica.
tsa sha|This most likely refers to the Indian Roller, Coracias indica, a small bird with bright blue plumage.
tsa sha|Eighteenth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata. This most likely refers to the Indian Roller, Coracias indica, a small bird with bright blue plumage.
tsa tu ro|A land in Godānīya.
tsakra bA Do|(1) A mountain in the sea west of Jambudvīpa ({tsakra bA Do}). (2) Eight consecutive rings of mountains that surround the world ocean ({ri khor yug}).
tsam ka|Son of the buddha Śailendrarāja.
tsam ka|Attendant of the buddha Marutpūjita.
tsam mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Velāmarāja (126 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tsam pa bdag|Mother of the buddha Maṇicūḍa.
tsam pa ka dang ldan|A buddha realm.
tsam pa ka dri ma med pa'i 'od|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
tsam pa ka'i mdog|A buddha residing in the eastern direction at the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
tsam pa ka|Magnolia campaca.
tsam pa ka|Attendant of the buddha Lokajyeṣṭha.
tsam pa ka|A type of flower, often identified as Magnolia champaca.
tsam pa ka|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānapriya.
tsam pa ka|The 458th buddha in the first list, 457th in the second list, and 451st in the third list.
tsam pa ka|A tree, Magnolia champaca, with attractive cream or yellow-orange flowers used in India for offerings, decoration, and perfume.
tsam pa kha dog can|A world system.
tsam pa mchog|Son of the buddha Gautama.
tsam pa mchog|Mother of the buddha Prabhūta.
tsam pa mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Vilocana.
tsam pa skyes|A nāga who was the Buddha in a former life.
tsam pa'i dpal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Aridama.
tsam pa'i mchog|Son of the buddha Arciṣmat.
tsam pa'i mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Tiṣya.
tsam pa'i mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāgadatta.
tsam pa'i mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kāśyapa (3) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tsam pa'i mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhasmakrodha (644 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tsam pa'i mig|Father of the buddha Candra.
tsam pa'i sgron ma|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇavīrya (935 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tsam pa|A country.
tsam pa|The capital of Aṅga.
tsam pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vīryadatta.
tsam pa|Site of the bodhisattva Ajita’s rains retreat.
tsam pa|City ruled by King Glacier Lake Deity before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
tsam pa|A city in ancient India, located on the Campā River. It was the capital of the Anga state, which was located east of Magadha.
tsan dan 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anilavegagāmin.
tsan dan bsung|Mother of the buddha Vaidyarāja.
tsan dan bzang po|Father of the buddha Damajyeṣṭha.
tsan dan bzang po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokaprabha.
tsan dan can|Mother of the buddha Brahmā.
tsan dan can|Birthplace of the buddha Sañjayin.
tsan dan dam pa|A buddha.
tsan dan dga'|Son of the buddha Sūkṣmabuddhi.
tsan dan dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
tsan dan dpal gyi zla ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
tsan dan dpal|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
tsan dan dpal|A buddha who lives in a southern buddha realm called Joy. His name means “Sandalwood Splendor.”
tsan dan dri bsung zhim po'i nyi ma'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gandhatejas.
tsan dan dri bsung|A buddha realm.
tsan dan gyi bsung gi dpal|A buddha.
tsan dan gyi bsung|A buddha realm.
tsan dan gyi dri chen po|One of the tathāgatas.
tsan dan gyi dri'i phug|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Essence of Vaiḍūrya.
tsan dan gyi dri|A world system.
tsan dan gyi ka ba rab tu gnas pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Outshining Flower.
tsan dan gyi rnam pa|A nāga king.
tsan dan gyi snying po|A brahmin.
tsan dan gyi sprin|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
tsan dan khang pa|A buddha.
tsan dan khyim|A tathāgata in the past eon Most Fragrant, of the world realm Fragrant.
tsan dan ldan|A buddha in the past.
tsan dan phug|A buddha realm.
tsan dan sa mchog|A kind of sandalwood.
tsan dan spos kyi 'od|A buddha realm.
tsan dan spos kyi 'od|A buddha from the past.
tsan dan spos|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Laḍitakrama (797 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tsan dan yod pa|Realm of the Buddha Vajrābha.
tsan dan|Father of the buddha Pradīpa.
tsan dan|Son of the buddha Marutpūjita.
tsan dan|Birthplace of the buddha Girikūṭaketu.
tsan dan|The sandalwood tree, Sirium myrtifolium.
tsan dan|The 671st buddha in the first list, 670th in the second list, and 662nd in the third list.
tsan dan|In the sūtra Auspicious Night, Candana is identified as an army general from among the gods of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. According to the Pali suttas, Candana is one of the yakṣa generals and a vassal of the gods of the four directions, also known as the Four Great Kings (Cāturmahārājika). In the Lomasakaṅgiyabhaddekarattasutta version of the Bhaddekarattasuttas in the Majjhima Nikāya (MN 134), as in Auspicious Night, Candana is the deity that illuminates the banks/park of the hot springs, but he is not identified as a general from the Heaven of the Thirty-Three gods. The Sanskrit word means “sandalwood powder,” which was considered a very precious substance.
tsan tsa|Edgerton identifies Cañcā as the name of a brahmin girl who appears in Buddhist sūtras such as the Laṇkāvatāra (BHSD, p. 222).
tsha ba gsum|Black pepper, long pepper, and dry ginger.
tsha ba ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
tsha ba|Lit. “Hot.”
tsha ba|The hell called “hot.” Traditionally the sixth of the eight hot hells.
tsha ba|Apart from referring to fever itself, the term is also used as the name of the spirits that cause it.
tsha ba|Sixth of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. Inhabitants of this hell are boiled in cauldrons, roasted in pans, beaten with hammers, and skewered with spears as their bodies burst into flame.
tsha ba|Name of one of the great hells (Skt. mahānaraka). Inhabitants of this hell are boiled in cauldrons, roasted in pans, beaten with hammers, and skewered with spears as their bodies burst into flame. See Guenther 1986, 58; Konchog Gyaltsen 1998, 99, for descriptions of this hell.
tsha bi ka ling ka|A forest in the south of Jambudvīpa.
tsha dang rab tsha ba|Two of the eight hot hells: the hell of scorching heat, while being pierced by spears; and the hell of fiercely scorching heat, while being pierced by tridents.
tshad ldan|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
tshad ma drug|This likely refers to perception (Skt. pratyakṣa), inference (Skt. anumāna), comparison (Skt. upamāna), testimony (Skt. śabda), nonperception (Skt. anupalabdhi), and inference from circumstances (Skt. arthāpatti).
tshad ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
tshad med 'od kyi bkod pa'i rgyal po|The buddha that the bodhisattva Limitless Intelligence becomes.
tshad med 'od|Second of three heavens of gods on the second concentration level.
tshad med 'od|The fifth heaven of the realm of form; also the name of the gods living there.
tshad med 'od|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, second of three levels of the second dhyāna realm.
tshad med 'od|The fifth of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the second meditative absorption.
tshad med 'od|Fifth god realm of form, meaning “Immeasurable Light,” it is the second of the three heavens that make up the second dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
tshad med 'od|Lit. “Immeasurable Light.” The fifth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the second of the three heavens that correspond to the second of the four concentrations.
tshad med blo gros|A great bodhisattva.
tshad med blo gros|A son of King Bringer of Benefit and a bodhisattva in a story told by the Buddha.
tshad med bzhi|Love, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshad med bzhi|Friendliness, compassion, equanimity, and joy.
tshad med bzhi|These are (1) loving kindness, (2) compassion, (3) joy, and (4) equanimity.
tshad med bzhi|These are four attitudes and qualities to be cultivated, namely: (1) loving kindness, (2) compassion, (3) empathetic joy, and (4) equanimity. Also known as the four abodes of Brahmā.
tshad med bzhi|As mentioned in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-172 , these are (1) loving kindness, (2) compassion, (3) empathetic joy, and (4) equanimity. On training in the four immeasurable aspirations, see Padmakara Translation Group (1994): 195–217.
tshad med bzhi|Immeasurable states, otherwise known as “pure abodes” (brahmā vihāra). Immeasurable love arises from the wish for all living beings to have happiness and the cause of happiness. Immeasurable compassion arises from the wish for all living beings to be free from suffering and its cause. Immeasurable joy arises from the wish that living beings not be sundered from the supreme happiness of liberation. And immeasurable impartiality arises from the wish that the preceding—love, compassion, and joy—should apply equally to all living beings, without attachment to friend or hatred for enemy.
tshad med dbyangs|Limitless Intelligence upon his awakening.
tshad med dge ba|The eighth of the heavens of the form realm. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the third meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-265 .
tshad med dge|Second of three heavens of gods on the third concentration level.
tshad med dge|The eighth heaven of the realm of form; also the name of the gods living there.
tshad med dge|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology, second of three levels of the third dhyāna realm.
tshad med dge|The second highest of the three paradises that correspond to the third dhyāna in the form realm.
tshad med dge|Eighth god realm of form, meaning “Limitless Virtue,” it is the second of the three heavens that make up the third dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
tshad med dge|Lit. “Immeasurable Virtue.” The eighth of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the second of the three heavens that correspond to the third of the four concentrations.
tshad med len|The name of an eon in which the Buddha Array of Light Constantly Proclaiming Pure Gold and Space abides.
tshad med pa bzhi|Loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshad med pa bzhi|Love, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity; also often called the four immeasurables.
tshad med pa bzhi|The four positive qualities of loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity, which may be radiated towards oneself and then immeasurable sentient beings.
tshad med pa bzhi|The four positive qualities of loving kindness ({byams pa}, maitrī), compassion ({snying rje}, karuṇā), sympathetic joy ({dga' ba}, muditā), and equanimity ({btang snyoms}, upekṣā), which may be radiated towards oneself and then immeasurable sentient beings.
tshad med pa stobs mtho ba'i rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
tshad med pa'i bla ma bde bar gshegs pa rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Teachers.
tshad med pa'i gnas bzhi|Immeasurable loving kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and impartiality.
tshad med pa'i khrel yod pa gser dam pa'i dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Sleepless Eye.
tshad med pa'i me tog brtsegs pa'i rgyal po|A buddha who resides to the east of our world.
tshad med pa|The four immeasurables are love, compassion, rejoicing, and equanimity.
tshad med pa|The four immeasurable states are immeasurable love, immeasurable compassion, immeasurable joy, and immeasurable equanimity.
tshad med pa|The four immeasurables: loving-kindness (Tib. {byams pa}, Skt. maitrī); compassion (Tib. {snying rje}, Skt. karuṇā); joy (Tib. {dga' ba}, Skt. muditā); and equanimity (Tib. {btang snyoms}, Skt. upekṣā).
tshad med snang ba|The second highest of the three paradises that correspond to the second dhyāna in the form realm.
tshad med stobs|A son of King Bringer of Benefit.
tshad med yon tan 'od kyi rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
tshad med|The four immeasurables, also known as the “abodes of Brahmā”: loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshad med|The four immeasurables are (1) immeasurable loving-kindness, (2) immeasurable compassion, (3) immeasurable sympathetic joy, and (4) immeasurable equanimity.
tshad tshogs mtha' yas|A buddha realm.
tshags|Part of the tradition monastic attire. Bamboo strainers were always carried in order to avoid killing insects when taking water.
tshal 'dor|Son of the buddha Aśokarāṣṭra.
tshal bya bro gar byed pa|A grove in the forest known as Incomparable.
tshal dang nye ba'i tshal na gnas pa|A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods.
tshal pa|One of the two textual lineages of the Kangyur, starting from an edited version produced at the monastery of Tshal Gungthang ({tshal gung thang}) in 1347–51.
tshal pa|One of the two main lineages through which different Kangyurs can be traced, although most are of more or less mixed lineage. This lineage started with an edited version of the Kangyur produced at the monastery of Tshal Gungthang in 1347-1351.
tshal rab tu dga' ba|A grove in Garland of Splendor.
tshal shin tu sdug pa|A grove in Dwelling on the Disk.
tshan do ha|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
tshan po che|A kind of person who possesses superhuman strength.
tshang pa chen po|Divinity in the highest realm within the first concentration.
tshang pa'i dbang phyug rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Pristine Pearl Lattice.
tshang pa'i dbyangs kyi nga ro|A buddha realm.
tshang pa'i gnas|The four qualities that are said to result in rebirth in the heaven of Brahmā: limitless love, compassion, rejoicing, and equanimity. They were practices already prevalent in India before Śākyamuni’s teaching.
tshang par spyod pa|A celibate lifestyle focused on spiritual pursuits.
tshang pa|Divinity in the intermediate realm within the first concentration. The personification of the universal force of Brahman, the deity in the form realm, who was during the Buddha’s time considered the supreme deity and creator of the universe. In the cosmogony of many universes, each with a thousand million worlds, there are many brahmās.
tshang tshing gi 'gram na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
tshangs 'dod|Father of the buddha Arthakīrti.
tshangs 'khor|Second god realm of form, meaning “retinue of Brahmā.” Also called “Brahmapurohita.”
tshangs 'khor|Second god realm of form, meaning “Assembly of Brahmā,” it is the second of the three heavens that make up the first dhyāna heaven in the form realm. Also called Brahma purohita.
tshangs 'khor|The name of an abode and class of gods inhabiting the first concentration level in the realm of forms (rūpadhātu). It is also called the abode of Brahmā’s High Priests (Brahma purohita), although the two are listed distinctly in this text.
tshangs 'khor|Lit. “Retinue of Brahmā.” This is usually considered to be an alternate name of the Brahmapurohita heaven, the second of the seventeen heavens of the form realm. However, in this text, it seems to refer to the third heaven and also to the name of the gods living there—otherwise called Mahābrahmā ({tshangs pa chen po}). In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the third of the three heavens that correspond to the first of the four concentrations.
tshangs 'od|Mother of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.
tshangs bdag ma|Mother of the buddha Anupamaśrī.
tshangs bdag|Son of the buddha Guṇamālin.
tshangs bla ma|Mother of the buddha Brahmadatta.
tshangs byin ma|Mother of the buddha Brahmavāsa.
tshangs byin|Father of the buddha Kāśyapa.
tshangs byin|Son of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
tshangs byin|Attendant of the buddha Kṣemapriya.
tshangs byin|The 102nd buddha in the first list, 102nd in the second list, and 103rd in the third list.
tshangs bzangs|Son of the buddha Lokottīrṇa.
tshangs bzangs|Father of the buddha Praśāntagati.
tshangs bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Maṇidharman.
tshangs bzang|Father of the buddha Suśītala.
tshangs chen|The deity who rules the Brahmā World.
tshangs chen|The highest level of the first concentration.
tshangs chen|The highest of the three paradises that correspond to the first dhyāna in the form realm.
tshangs chen|The third heaven of the form realm, it is the highest of the three realms of the first dhyāna heaven.
tshangs chen|Third god realm of form, meaning “Great Brahmā,” it is the highest of the three realms of the first dhyāna heaven in the form realms.
tshangs chen|The third of the heavens of the form realm and the third of the three Brahmā heavens. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the first meditative absorption.
tshangs dbang bdag nyid chen po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
tshangs dbyangs ma|Mother of the buddha Abhaya.
tshangs dbyangs nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
tshangs dbyangs|Name of a bodhisattva.
tshangs dbyangs|Mother of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
tshangs dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
tshangs dbyangs|The 548th buddha in the first list, 548th in the second list, and 541st in the third list.
tshangs dbyig|The 681st buddha in the first list, 680th in the second list, and 672nd in the third list.
tshangs dga'|Son of the buddha Bhadradatta.
tshangs gshegs|The 443rd buddha in the first list, 442nd in the second list, and 436th in the third list.
tshangs ldan ma|A pond.
tshangs ldan ma|(1) The wife of Brahmāyus. (2) The wife of King Brahmadatta.
tshangs ldan|A buddha realm.
tshangs ldan|Mother of the buddha Brahmaketu.
tshangs lha nye phan|The second highest of the three paradises that correspond to the first dhyāna in the form realm.
tshangs lha|A great bodhisattva.
tshangs lha|Son of the buddha Prajñākūṭa.
tshangs lha|Father of the buddha Anupamaśrī.
tshangs lha|The 195th buddha in the first list, 194th in the second list, and 194th in the third list.
tshangs lto|Father of the buddha Guṇendradeva.
tshangs ma|Bacopa monnieri.
tshangs mchog dpal|Mother of the buddha Brahmavasu.
tshangs mchog|A great bodhisattva.
tshangs mchog|Mother of the buddha Vidumati.
tshangs pa 'byung ba|A world system.
tshangs pa 'du ba|A pond.
tshangs pa 'phags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Devarāja.
tshangs pa bstod pa|The name of an eon (kalpa).
tshangs pa byin|A monk who was a previous incarnation of Buddha Dīpaṃkara.
tshangs pa bzang po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
tshangs pa chen po dbyangs dang ldan pa|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
tshangs pa chen po khyad par sems|Another name for Brahma viśeṣacintin, a bodhisattva who is one of the interlocutors in this teaching.
tshangs pa chen po khyad par sems|Literally “Distinctive Thinker.” A great bodhisattva who is the main interlocutor in this discourse. Also referred to as Brahmaviśeṣacintin and Mahābrahmaviśeṣacintin in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh160.html (Brahmaviśeṣacintiparipṛcchā, Toh 160).
tshangs pa chen po|Beings from the third heaven of the realm of form, meaning “great Brahmā.”
tshangs pa chen po|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology. The inhabitants of this heaven mistakenly think that they created everything.
tshangs pa chen po|A god or class of gods residing in the highest heaven, which is likewise called “Great Brahmā,” located on the first concentration level in the realm of forms.
tshangs pa chen po|The name of the third of the three abodes in the first level of the form realm, so called because the beings here are like the great god Brahmā, being lords of this trichiliocosm called Endurance.
tshangs pa chen po|The personification of the universal force of Brahman, the deity in the form realm who was, during the Buddha’s time, considered the supreme deity and creator of the universe. In the cosmology of many universes, each with a trillion worlds, there are many such Brahmās with individual names.
tshangs pa chen po|Lit. “Great Brahmā.” The third of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa, it is listed as the third of the three heavens that correspond to the first of the four concentrations. See also “Brahmapārṣadya.”
tshangs pa dag pa|A buddha in the past.
tshangs pa gtsug phud can|The god of the Brahmā realm, also called Brahmā Sahāṃpati, who encouraged the Buddha Śākyamuni to turn the wheel of Dharma for the first time after his awakening.
tshangs pa gtsug phud can|In some canonical sources, this name denotes Brahmā Sahāmpati, the lord of the Sahā universe who famously asked the Buddha Śākyamuni to teach for the first time. See, for example, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh47.html (Toh 47), https://read.84000.co/translation/toh95.html (Toh 95), and https://read.84000.co/translation/toh147.html (Toh 147). But in another canonical text, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh113.html (Toh 113), it is used for a different Brahmā god. The current sūtra does not provide enough context to allow us to determine which of these two gods is under discussion.
tshangs pa khyad par sems|A bodhisattva who is one of the interlocutors in this teaching.
tshangs pa khyad par sems|Literally “Distinctive Thinker.” A great bodhisattva who is the main interlocutor in this discourse. Also referred to as Brahmaviśeṣacintin and Mahābrahmaviśeṣacintin in https://read.84000.co/translation/toh160.html (Brahmaviśeṣacintiparipṛcchā, Toh 160).
tshangs pa kun 'khor|Lit. “Retinue of Brahmā.” This is usually considered to be an alternate name of the Brahmapurohita heaven, the second of the seventeen heavens of the form realm. However, in this text, it seems to refer to the third heaven and also to the name of the gods living there—otherwise called Mahābrahmā ({tshangs pa chen po}). In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the third of the three heavens that correspond to the first of the four concentrations.
tshangs pa kun du snang ba|A god.
tshangs pa kun ris|The lowest of the three paradises that correspond to the first dhyāna in the form realm. Also called Brahmakāyika.
tshangs pa las byung ba 'brug dbyangs sprin gyi nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
tshangs pa lha|Son of the buddha Brahmaketu.
tshangs pa lha|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇagarbha.
tshangs pa lhun po|A buddha.
tshangs pa ma|One of the great mātṛs.
tshangs pa mdun na 'don|Second god realm of form, meaning “priest Brahmā.” Also called “Brahma pari ṣadya.”
tshangs pa mdun na 'don|The name of an abode and class of gods inhabiting the first concentration level in the realm of forms (rūpadhātu). It is also called the abode of Brahmā’s Entourage (Brahma pariṣadya), although the two are listed distinctly in this text.
tshangs pa mtshungs par spyod pa|Those who are engaged in the same celibate spiritual path as the protagonist.
tshangs pa rin chen phreng ba 'chang|A Brahmā youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
tshangs pa rnam par lta ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmā.
tshangs pa rnam par lta|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmaketu.
tshangs pa sems|Father of the buddha Dharmamati.
tshangs pa so so|A god.
tshangs pa so so|An independent Brahman.
tshangs pa thams cad zil gyis gnon pa'i 'od|A bodhisattva.
tshangs pa thor tshugs 'chang|A Brahmā youth present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
tshangs pa thub|The 453rd buddha in the first list, 452nd in the second list, and 446th in the third list.
tshangs pa yid du 'ong ba|Literally “Attractive Brahmā,” an epithet for Brahmā, one of the epithets that in the non-Buddhist tradition designated him as the primordial creator.
tshangs pa'am srin po|A class of powerful demons.
tshangs pa'i 'jig rten|The saṃsāric realms of the god Brahmā in the form realm.
tshangs pa'i 'jig rten|One of the celestial realms belonging to the form realm, it is ruled over by the god Brahmā.
tshangs pa'i 'jig rten|The first three heavens of the form realm, ruled over by the god Brahmā, who believes himself to be the creator of the universe.
tshangs pa'i 'jig rten|The realm (loka) or heaven of Brahmā, usually located just above the desire realm (kāmadhātu) as one of the first levels of the form realm (rūpadhātu) and equated with the state that one achieves in the first concentration (dhyāna).
tshangs pa'i 'jig rten|The heaven of Brahmā, usually located just above the desire realm as one of the first levels of the form realm and equated with the state that one achieves in the first concentration (dhyāna). Its extent varies depending on the source.
tshangs pa'i 'jig rten|A collective name for the first three heavens of the form realm, which correspond to the first concentration (dhyāna): Brahmakāyika, Brahmapurohita, and Mahābrahmā (also called Brahmapārṣadya in this text). These are ruled over by the god Brahmā, who believes himself to be the creator of the universe. According to some sources, it can also be a general reference to all the heavens in the form realm and formless realm.
tshangs pa'i 'khor lo|Son of the buddha Satyadeva.
tshangs pa'i 'khor lo|Here the sense is “the supreme wheel” or perhaps “the wheel of what is supreme.” See brahmacakkaṃ pavattetīti ettha brahmanti seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ visiṭṭhaṃ Mahāsīhanādasutta-Aṭṭhakathā, Mūlapaṇṇāsa, Majjhimanikāya.
tshangs pa'i 'od zer rnam par rol pas mngon par mkhyen pa|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
tshangs pa'i 'od|The sixty-first buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
tshangs pa'i 'od|“Light of Brahmā.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
tshangs pa'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vigatabhaya (726 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshangs pa'i bla ma|A buddha.
tshangs pa'i bla ma|Father of the buddha Brahmaghoṣa.
tshangs pa'i bsod nams|Brahmic merit or pure merit refers to an extraordinary type of merit which leads to rebirth in the realm of Brahmā.
tshangs pa'i byin|A great bodhisattva.
tshangs pa'i dam pa|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
tshangs pa'i dbang phyug rgyal po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Pristine Pearl Lattice.
tshangs pa'i dbang phyug|Name of two past buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the samādhi teachings.
tshangs pa'i dbang po'i gtsug phud|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
tshangs pa'i dbang po'i gtsug pud|A bodhisattva.
tshangs pa'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
tshangs pa'i dbang pos bsgrags pa'i dbyangs|A bodhisattva.
tshangs pa'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Brahmā.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs can|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍhasaṅgha (402 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs kyi nga ro|A buddha realm.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs kyi nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāpraṇāda.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs|The 328th buddha in the first list, 327th in the second list, and 322nd in the third list.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-ninth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs|A voice that has the qualities of the voice of the god Brahmā. This is one of the thirty-two major marks of a buddha.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Muktiskandha (20 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshangs pa'i dbyangs|The voice endowed with the sixteen perfect qualities of Brahmā, the king of the gods. A common description of a buddha’s speech (Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary, “tshangs pa’i dbyangs”).
tshangs pa'i dpal lha'i rgyal po|A buddha.
tshangs pa'i dpal|A buddha realm.
tshangs pa'i dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
tshangs pa'i gnas bzhi|Loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshangs pa'i gnas bzhi|The practices and resulting states of boundless loving kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity.
tshangs pa'i gnas pa bzhi|These are love, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshangs pa'i gnas pa bzhi|Immeasurable love, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshangs pa'i gnas pa bzhi|The “four immeasurable contemplations” (immeasurable love, compassion, joy, and equanimity) are often referred to as the four abodes of Brahmā.
tshangs pa'i gnas pa bzhi|The four qualities that are said to result in rebirth in the Brahmā World. They are limitless loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshangs pa'i gnas pa bzhi|Friendliness, compassion, rejoicing, and equanimity are called “Brahma abodes,” according to the commentarial traditions, because one abides with a mind like that of the deity Brahmā and because they are a cause to be born in the world of Brahmā. It is important to point out, though, that the original Sanskrit compound brahma-vihāra does not specify the gender of the term brahman, which could therefore either refer to Brahmā as a deity or to brahman, meaning more generally “what is most exalted,” as is sometimes simply used in the sense of “sublime” etc. We have therefore attempted to retain the ambiguity by using neither “Brahmā” (which is by common convention used only for the deity) nor “brahman” (which is by common convention used only for “what is most exalted” etc.), but rather “Brahma.”
tshangs pa'i gnas pa|The four abodes of Brahmā are loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity, also known as the four “immeasurables.” The term is also rendered in this translation as “Brahmā abodes.”
tshangs pa'i gnas|The four qualities of limitless love, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshangs pa'i gnas|Refers to the fourfold practice of love, compassion, joy, and impartiality.
tshangs pa'i gnas|A general term that could either refer to the realm of Bramā gods (brahmaloka) as a whole or one of the abodes within it.
tshangs pa'i gnas|The four qualities that are said to result in rebirth in the paradise of Brahmā: limitless love, compassion, rejoicing, and equanimity.
tshangs pa'i gnas|The name of a meditation practice focusing on the cultivation of compassion (karuṇā), love (maitri), empathetic joy (muditā) and equanimity (upekṣā).
tshangs pa'i gnas|The four qualities that are said to result in rebirth in the paradise of Brahmā, and were a practice already prevalent before the Buddha Śākyamuni’s teaching, are limitless loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshangs pa'i grogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmā.
tshangs pa'i gzer bu chen po|Or “Great Spike of Purity,” the name of a bodhisattva. Possibly śaṅku is a misreading or misspelling of sanatku, which would be “the bodhisattva Sanatkumāra” (Pali: Sanaṅkumāra), who was a being of the class of Mahābrahmās—in Vedic legend, one of the four or seven “mind-born” sons of Brahmā—and who appears in various suttas in the Pali canon.
tshangs pa'i lam|Refers to the observance of celibacy.
tshangs pa'i lha|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
tshangs pa'i lha|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
tshangs pa'i lha|The three heavens of Brahmā in the form realm. Subordinates of Brahmā dwell in the first, attendants and officials dwell in the second, and the third and highest heaven is Mahābrahmā or “Great Brahmā.”
tshangs pa'i mchod rten|Mother of the buddha Dharmabala.
tshangs pa'i mdun 'don|The second of the three paradises that are the paradises of the first dhyāna in the form realm.
tshangs pa'i mdun na 'don pa|The second heaven in the realm of form. Also called Brahmapariṣadya.
tshangs pa'i mdun na 'don|A class of gods who inhabit the second heaven of the realm of form.
tshangs pa'i mdun na 'don|One of the heavens of Buddhist cosmology; its inhabitants are devotees of Great Brahmā.
tshangs pa'i mdun na 'don|The second of the three heavens that are the heavens of the first dhyāna in the form realm.
tshangs pa'i mdun na 'don|The second of the heavens of the form realm and of the three Brahmā heavens. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the first meditative absorption.
tshangs pa'i mdun na 'don|Second god realm of form, meaning “high priests of Brahmā,” it is the second of the three heavens that make up the first dhyāna heaven in the form realm. Also called Brahma pariṣadya.
tshangs pa'i mdun na 'don|Lit. “Sacrificial Priests of Brahmā.” The second of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍, or Śuddhāvāsa‍, it is listed as the second of the three heavens that correspond to the first of the four concentrations.
tshangs pa'i me|One of the sacrificial fires.
tshangs pa'i mig|A bodhisattva.
tshangs pa'i nga ro|A buddha.
tshangs pa'i nga ro|A great bodhisattva.
tshangs pa'i nga ro|Attendant of the buddha Arthadarśin.
tshangs pa'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the southwestern direction.
tshangs pa'i rgyal po|A king of the Brahmā heavens in the form realm.
tshangs pa'i ris kyi lha'i bu|A class of gods that reside in the Brahmā heavenly realms.
tshangs pa'i ris|Brahmā’s paradise, the lowest of the three paradises that form the paradises of the first dhyāna in the form realm. Also called Brahmapārṣada.
tshangs pa'i ris|First god realm of form, meaning “Stratum of Brahmā,” it is the lowest of the three heavens that make up the first dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
tshangs pa'i sgo nga|Metaphor, from the Purāṇas, for the world or universe.
tshangs pa'i sgra dbyangs kyi skad sgrogs pa|A bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s assembly.
tshangs pa'i sgra gzi brjid mngon par 'phags pa|The name of a bodhisattva in the Buddha’s audience.
tshangs pa'i srin po|A brahmin reborn as a rākṣasa.
tshangs pa'i tog|A buddha.
tshangs pa'i tog|A bodhisattva.
tshangs pa'i tog|Birthplace of the buddha Hutārci.
tshangs pa'i tog|The 396th buddha in the first list, 395th in the second list, and 389th in the third list.
tshangs pa'i tshe|(1) The chief priest of King Śaṅkha. (2) A buddha in the past.
tshangs par gnas pa|The four qualities of loving kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity.
tshangs par gnas|The 429th buddha in the first list, 428th in the second list, and 422nd in the third list.
tshangs par gshegs|The 670th buddha in the first list, 669th in the second list, and 661st in the third list.
tshangs par spyad pa spyod pa|The practice of celibacy or a chaste sexual behavior; this lifestyle also entails different spiritual practices.
tshangs par spyod pas brgyan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Glory of the Incense of Non-ignorance.
tshangs par spyod pa|The observance of celibacy.
tshangs par spyod pa|Lit. “brahma conduct,” this denotes the conduct of those who have renounced worldly life and entered the ordained Buddhist Sangha to devote themselves to spiritual study and practice.
tshangs par spyod pa|Can refer to celibacy in its narrowest sense; in a broader sense it refers to the conduct of those who have renounced worldly life to devote themselves to spiritual study and practice.
tshangs par spyod pa|In Buddhism, a term denoting a religious life grounded in renunciation and chastity. In the brahmanical traditions, this refers specifically to the stage in one’s youth dedicated to focused study of religious scripture and practice.
tshangs par spyod pa|While in its narrowest sense this term refers to celibacy, Sonam Angdu explains its broader meaning: {tshangs pa 'am bsil bar gyur pa'i don du na mya ngan 'das pa la bya}, “Those actions that lead beyond sorrow to the goal of purity or peace” (Angdu 62).\nAlso rendered here as “code of conduct,” “celibacy” and “brahmacarya.”
tshangs par spyod pa|Brahman is a Sanskrit term referring to what is highest (parama) and most important (pradhāna); the Nibandhana commentary explains brahman as meaning here nirvāṇa, and thus the brahman conduct is the “conduct toward brahman,” the conduct that leads to the highest liberation, i.e., nirvāṇa. This is explained as “the path without outflows,” which is the “truth of the path” among the four truths of the noble ones. Other explanations (found in the Pāli tradition) take “brahman conduct” to mean the “best conduct,” and also the “conduct of the best,” i.e., the buddhas. In some contexts, “brahman conduct” refers more specifically to celibacy, but the specific referents of this expression are many.
tshangs pas byin pa|A king before the time of the Buddha.
tshangs pas byin|An eminent daughter in Dhanyākara.
tshangs pas byin|A tathāgata mentioned here as one of the thirty-five buddhas of confession.
tshangs pas byin|King of Pañcāla. A name for a number of different kings who appear in Buddhist scripture.
tshangs pas byin|Name of a past king, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
tshangs pas byin|A king of Vārāṇasī during the Buddha's lifetime. One of multiple kings of Vārāṇasī who bear this name in Buddhist literature.
tshangs pas byin|King of the city of Vārāṇasī and the country of Kāśi before the time of Buddha Śākyamuni. Not to be confused with the king of the same name who ruled the same city of Vārāṇasī during the time of Buddha Śākyamuni.
tshangs pas lta|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmaketu.
tshangs pas mchod|A great bodhisattva.
tshangs pas mchod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amṛtaprasanna (774 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshangs pas skyabs|A buddha.
tshangs pa|Creator-lord of a universe, there being as many as there are universes, whose number is incalculable. Hence, in Buddhism, it is the title of a deity who has attained supremacy in a particular universe, rather than a personal name. For example, the Brahmā of the Aśoka universe is personally called Śikhin, to distinguish him from other Brahmās. A Brahmā resides at the summit of the realm of pure matter (rūpadhātu) and is thus higher in status than a Śakra. Also used in this text as a shorthand for Brahmaviśeṣacintin, the main interlocutor in this discourse.
tshangs pa|As one of the three primary deities of the Hindu pantheon, in the Purāṇic cosmogony Brahmā is said to issue the four Vedas (Ṛg, Yajus, Sāma, and Athārva) from his four mouths, from which the entirety of creation unfolds. In Buddhist traditions, Brahmā is said to be a worldly deity who exists at the zenith of cyclic existence. He is thus added to the list of the eight guardians of the directions as the guardian of the zenith. In most narratives of the life of the Buddha, Brahmā is said to appear together with Śakra to request that the Buddha Śākyamuni teach the Dharma.
tshangs pa|A high-ranking deity presiding over a divine world where other beings consider him the creator; he is also considered to be the Lord of the Sahā world (our universe). Though not considered a creator god in Buddhism, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two deities (the other being Indra/Śakra) that are said to have first exhorted Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens found in the form realm over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Since there are multiple universes and world systems, there are also multiple Brahmās presiding over them.
tshangs pa|One of the primary deities of the Brahmanical pantheon, he is said to have pronounced the mantras of four vedas from each of his four faces and thus established the sonic foundation for the manifestation of the cosmos. Though not considered a creator god in Buddhist literature, in his form as Sahāṃpati Brahmā, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two deities (the other being Indra/Śakra) that are said to have exhorted Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma in the hagiographic literature. The particular heavens over which Brahmā rules are among the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Among his epithets is “Lord of Sahā World” (Sahāṃpati).
tshangs pa|One of the primary deities of the Brahmanical pantheon, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two deities (the other being Indra/Śakra) that are said to have first exhorted Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma. The particular heavens found in the form realm over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Since there are multiple universes and world systems, there are also multiple Brahmās presiding over them; however, The Question of Mañjuśrī describes sequentially higher brahmā gods as ruling over sequentially more numerous world systems. The image of the singular deity, Brahmā, is depicted as the forty-seventh of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
tshangs pa|One of the primary deities of the Purāṇic Hindu pantheon, and perhaps the first to take on the status formerly held by the cosmic being Prajāpati in the literature of the brāhmaṇas. As a creator god in the Purāṇas, Brahmā is said to have pronounced the mantras of four Vedas from each of his four faces and thus established the sonic foundation for the manifestation of the cosmos. Though not considered a creator god in Buddhist literature, in his form as Sahāṃpati Brahmā, Brahmā occupies an important place as one of two deities (the other being Indra/Śakra) who are said to have exhorted the Buddha Śākyamuni to teach the Dharma in the hagiographic literature. The particular heavens over which Brahmā rules are often some of the most sought-after realms of higher rebirth in Buddhist literature. Among his epithets is “Lord of Sahā World” (Sahāṃpati).
tshangs rgyal|Mother of the buddha Krakucchanda.
tshangs rgyal|The 907th buddha in the first list, 906th in the second list, and 897th in the third list.
tshangs rigs kyi lha|A class of deities, the first, i.e., lowest, in the form realm.
tshangs ris|A class of gods who inhabit the first heaven of the realm of form.
tshangs ris|First god realm of form, meaning “Stratum of Brahmā,” it is the lowest of the three heavens that make up the first dhyāna heaven in the form realm.
tshangs ris|The lowest of the three paradises that are the paradises of the first dhyāna in the form realm. The class of devas who live in the paradise of Brahmā.
tshangs ris|Brahmā’s paradise. The lowest of the three paradises that form the paradises of the first dhyāna in the form realm. Also refers to the devas who live there.
tshangs ris|The lowest of the heavens of the form realm and of the first of the three Brahmā heavens. Rebirth there is the karmic result of accomplishing the first meditative absorption. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-253 .
tshangs ris|Lit. “Brahmā class.” The first of the seventeen heavens of the form realm; also the name of the gods living there. In the form realm, which is structured according to the four concentrations and pure abodes‍‍, or Śuddhāvāsa, it is listed as the first of the three heavens that correspond to the first of the four concentrations. Also called Brahmaloka.
tshangs sbyin|Son of the buddha Sukhābha.
tshangs sbyin|(1) A king of Kāśi in the past. (2) A buddha in the past. (3) One of the seven kings mentioned in the story of Govinda.
tshangs sgo nga|Traditional Brahmanical term for the created universe.
tshangs sgra|Mother of the buddha Guṇendradeva.
tshangs spyod|A euphemism for celibacy.
tshangs thub|The 453rd buddha in the first list, 452nd in the second list, and 446th in the third list.
tshar gcod pa'i gzungs ma|One of the dhāraṇī goddesses present at the delivery of the MMK.
tsha|The hell called “hot.” Traditionally the sixth of the eight hot hells.
tshe 'di la bde bar gnas pa|Refers to blissful meditative practices achieved in this life as a result of advanced progress on the path in mainstream forms of Buddhism. This phrase occurs throughout the Śrāvakabhūmi (D folios 25.a, 70.b, 74.b, and 152.a).https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4036.html It is synonymous with {mthong ba'i chos la bde bar gnas pa} (Skt. dṛṣta dharma sukha vihāra, “abiding in bliss in the present life”), a term applied to certain types of arhats. Cf. Apple 2013.
tshe dang ldan pa|Honorific term for an ordained person.
tshe dang ldan pa|Literally “long-lived.” A title referring to an ordained monk.
tshe dang ldan pa|Literally “long-lived,” a term (often honorific) used to address a Buddhist monk.
tshe dang ldan pa|An honorific title, literally meaning “life possessing,” that is applied especially to royal personages and Buddhist monks.
tshe dang ldan pa|A respectful form of address between monks, and also between lay companions of equal standing. It literally means “one who has a [long] life.”
tshe dang ldan pa|A monk or mendicant of seniority.\nĀyuṣmān ({tshe dang ldan pa}) is a title of respect directed toward a monk or wandering mendicant who is venerable and in a position of seniority, but not a fully realized buddha. (In the Lalita vistara, ch. 26, Śākyamuni famously rejects this title as a suitable term of address for himself. See, e.g., Dudjom Rinpoche 1991: 423). Āyuṣmān may imply one who has held monastic ordination for a significant number of years, and who has some level of realization, but is still “mortal” and tied to cyclic existence, in contrast to the buddhas, who are “immortal.” Even today Thai monks colloquially address each other, using ayusma for someone senior and avuso (“friend”) for someone junior.
tshe dang ye shes dpag tu med pa rnam par nges pa'i dbang po'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK. His name is elsewhere also given as “Amitāyurviniścaya rājendra.”
tshe dang ye shes dpag tu med pa shin tu rnam par gdon mi za ba'i rgyal po|“The Blazing King Who Is Completely Certain of Immeasurable Longevity and Wisdom.” The full version of Aparimitāyur jñāna’s name. For more details on this buddha, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-091-072.html#UT22084-091-072-14 .
tshe dang ye shes dpag tu med pa|The name of the tathāgata who resides in the buddha field Aparimitaguṇasaṃcaya at the zenith; it can also be rendered Amitāyus.
tshe dang ye shes dpag tu med pa|“Unlimited Life and Wisdom,” the name of the tathāgata who resides in the buddha field Aparimitaguṇasaṃcaya at the zenith; it can also be rendered Amitāyus.
tshe dang ye shes dpag tu med pa|“The One Who Has Immeasurable Longevity and Wisdom.” The middle length version of this buddha’s name, which is also the form in the title of the sūtra. For more details on this buddha, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-091-072.html#UT22084-091-072-14 .
tshe dpag med|“Unlimited Life,” the name of the tathāgata who resides in the buddha field Sukhāvatī in the west; it can also be rendered Amitāyus and is synonymous with Amitābha.
tshe dpag med|The 283rd buddha in the first list, 282nd in the second list, and 282nd in the third list. Elsewhere this name refers to a buddha of the past; see “Amitāyus (of the past).”
tshe dpag med|Amitāyus is commonly used as the short form of the Buddha Aparimitāyur jñāna’s name. It also often refers to Amitābha, as it was also the principal name for Amitābha in the earlier sūtras on Sukhāvatī.
tshe dpag med|The Buddha in the western realm of Sukhāvatī. Later and presently better known by his alternative name Amitābha. Not to be confused with the buddha of long life, Aparimitāyus, whose name has been incorrectly back-translated into Sanskrit as Amitāyus also.
tshe dpag med|The buddha in the realm of Sukhāvatī. Later and presently, he is better known by his alternative name, Amitābha. Not to be confused with the buddha of long life, Aparimitāyus, whose name has been incorrectly back-translated into Sanskrit as Amitāyus also.
tshe dpag med|A past buddha. His name (meaning “infinite life”) can refer more generally to the buddha associated with longevity and life energy who dwells in the western realm of Sukhāvatī and who is also known as Amitābha (“infinite light”). However, it is uncertain in this text whether this is referring to the same buddha; see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-045-001.html#UT22084-045-001-128 . Elsewhere, this name refers to the buddha who is 283 among the buddhas of the Good Eon; see “Amitāyus (of the Good Eon).”
tshe dpag tu med pa pa'i 'jig rten|This seems to be another name for Amitavyūhavatī, the buddhafield where Tathāgata Amitāyurjñāna viniścaya rājendra lives.
tshe dpag tu med pa ye shes rnam par nges pa'i rgyal po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK. His name is elsewhere also given as “Amitāyurviniścaya rājendra.”
tshe dpag tu med pa|A buddha.
tshe dpag tu med pa|The Buddha of Boundless Life, one of the three deities of longevity in the Tibetan tradition.
tshe dpag tu med pa|The buddha in the western realm of Sukhāvatī. Later and presently better known by his alternative name Amitābha.
tshe dpag tu med pa|The buddha residing in the western buddha realm of Sukhāvatī, he is also sometimes identified with Amitābha. More commonly translated into Tibetan as {tshe dpag med}.
tshe dpag tu med pa|“The One Who Has Immeasurable Longevity.” The shortest form of Aparimitāyur jñāna’s name. For more details on this buddha, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-091-072.html#UT22084-091-072-14 .
tshe dpag tu med pa|“The One Who Has Immeasurable Longevity.” For more details on this buddha, see Peter Alan Roberts and Emily Bower, trans. The Aparimitāyurjñāna Sūtra (1), Toh 674, Introduction at https://read.84000.co/translation/toh674.html#UT22084-091-072-14.
tshe ldan|Son of the buddha Lokacandra.
tshe mnyam|A world system.
tshe sbyin|Birthplace of the buddha Vigatabhaya.
tshe ta na|Birthplace of the buddha Kāśyapa.
tshe'i rig pa yan lag brgyad pa|The eight branches are: 1) śalya (surgery), 2) śālākya (treatment of diseases of the head and neck), 3) agada (treatment of poisoning), 4) kumāra bharaṇa (pediatrics), 5) kāya cikitsā (treatment of internal diseases), 6) bhūta kriyā (treatment of diseases caused by spirits), 7) vāji karaṇa (aphrodisiacs), and 8) rasāyana (rejuvenation).
tshems bzhi bcu mnga' ba|Twenty-first of the thirty-two major marks.
tshems mche ba rno ba dang ldan pa|Forty-seventh of the eighty minor marks.
tshems rtse mo mtho zhing rno la dkar ba|Twenty-third of the thirty-two major marks.
tshems thags bzang|Twenty-second of the thirty-two major marks.
tsher ma dkrugs pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Laḍita (779 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tsher ma med pa|Son of the buddha Śrī.
tsher ma med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vimalakīrti.
tsher ma|One of Upananda’s two novices whose homoerotic play led the Buddha to forbid allowing two novices to live together.
tshib pa'i bu|A nāga king.
tshig 'bru|This term refers to the vowels and consonants that make up written or spoken language.\nAlso translated here as “syllable.”
tshig bkod pa'i 'od|A bodhisattva.
tshig bla dags la 'jug cing phyogs la rnam par lta ba|Names of the seventeenth and eighteenth meditative stabilities.
tshig bla dags la 'jug pa|Lit. “entry into words.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
tshig dbang lha mo|A goddess.
tshig dbang lha mo|The goddess of learning; in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala she is one of the eight goddesses of offerings.
tshig gcod pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
tshig gi kha lo sgyur|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sucīrṇabuddhi.
tshig gsal|Candrakīrti’s major commentary on Nāgārjuna’s Fundamental Stanzas on Wisdom.
tshig la mngon par dga' ba can|Birthplace of the buddha Śaśin.
tshig ldan|The goddess of speech and of learning.
tshig len|Son of the buddha Deveśvara.
tshig rkang|The fourth part of a regular stanza.
tshig rnam par dag pa'i 'od|A bodhisattva.
tshig rtsub po|Sixth of the ten non-virtuous actions.
tshig rtsub|The third among the four verbal misdeeds.
tshig snyan|Son of the buddha Sudatta.
tshig snyan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pradīpa.
tshig thams cad rab tu 'byed pa|Name of the sixty-first meditative stability.
tshigs brtan|The 43rd buddha in the first list, 43rd in the second list, and 44th in the third list.
tshigs mdzes pa|Sixtieth of the eighty minor marks.
tshigs mi mngon|A nāga king.
tshigs ring ba|Sixty-first of the eighty minor marks.
tshigs su bcad pa'i sde|One among the twelve sections of scripture.
tshigs su bcad pa'i sde|Fourth of the twelve branches of the scriptures.
tshigs su bcad pa'i sde|One of the “twelve branches of excellent speech.”
tshigs su bcad pa'i sde|One of the twelve branches of Buddhist scriptures.
tshigs su bcad pa|A gāthā is a verse or stanza.
tshigs su bcad pa|A type of stanza with four lines of eight syllables.
tshigs su bcad pa|Part of the Tibetan translation of a Skt. stock phrase for the expression of esteem. See glory, renown.
tshigs su bcad pa|As one of the twelve aspects of the Dharma, it means those teachings given in verse.\nSee also “twelve wheels of the Dharma.”
tshigs su bcad pa|As one of the nine aspects of the Dharma according to this sūtra (more commonly there are said to be twelve that include these nine), it means those teachings given in verse.
tshil gyi kha dog|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
tshil|Fat of five kinds of animals, which is used as a medicine.
tshim byed|A king of the asuras.
tshims sbyin|The 153rd buddha in the first list, 152nd in the second list, and 152nd in the third list.
tsho ba can|A follower of a heterodox mendicant movement that emerged about the time of the Buddha around a pupil of Mahāvīra named Gośāla and survived until the 13th century; its followers adhered to a type of determinism and practiced strict asceticism.
tsho ba|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
tshod bzang|The 344th buddha in the first list, 343rd in the second list, and 338th in the third list.
tshogs bdag|One of the Hindu gods, often identified with Gaṇeśa.
tshogs bdag|Gaṇapati, or Ganeśa, is the lord of the gaṇas, a class of demigods usually associated with the god Śiva. In the Purāṇic traditions Gaṇapati is portrayed as the elephant-headed son of Śiva and Pārvatī.
tshogs byed|Name of a nāga king.
tshogs bzang|Attendant of the buddha Ratnāgni.
tshogs can 'od|Father of the buddha Nāgabhuja.
tshogs can 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Merukūṭa.
tshogs can 'od|The 115th buddha in the first list, 115th in the second list, and 116th in the third list.
tshogs can blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Janendra.
tshogs can byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmākṣa.
tshogs can bzang|The 460th buddha in the first list, 459th in the second list, and 453rd in the third list.
tshogs can dbang po|Father of the buddha Ratnāgni.
tshogs can grol rgyal|The 902nd buddha in the first list, 901st in the second list, and 892nd in the third list.
tshogs can gsal ba|The 404th buddha in the first list, 403rd in the second list, and 397th in the third list.
tshogs can gtso bo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnaprabha.
tshogs can gtso bo|The 233rd buddha in the first list, 232nd in the second list, and 232nd in the third list.
tshogs can gtso rgyal|Mother of the buddha Askhalita buddhi.
tshogs can rab mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arthavādin (990 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshogs can rgyal po|Father of the buddha Ūrṇa
tshogs can rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mālādhārin.
tshogs can spong|Mother of the buddha Gaṇendra.
tshogs can|A bodhisattva.
tshogs can|Son of the buddha Ratnāgni.
tshogs can|Attendant of the buddha Candrārka.
tshogs can|A certain householder of the country of Mithilā.
tshogs can|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
tshogs can|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sudatta (241 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshogs chen gtso|The 397th buddha in the first list, 396th in the second list, and 390th in the third list.
tshogs chen|A buddha realm.
tshogs chen|A great bodhisattva.
tshogs dbang 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Viraja.
tshogs dbang po|Father of the buddha Aparājita dhvaja.
tshogs dbang|Father of the buddha Atiyaśas.
tshogs dbang|Attendant of the buddha Guṇendrakalpa.
tshogs dbang|The 736th buddha in the first list, 735th in the second list, and 725th in the third list.
tshogs dbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Śanairgāmin.
tshogs dga'|Son of the buddha Śaśivaktra.
tshogs gnyis|The accumulations of merit and wisdom.
tshogs gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sucittayaśas.
tshogs gsum|The three provisions are the provisions that are definitely authentic, provisions that are definitely erroneous, and provisions that are of indefinite provenance.\nSee https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2207 .
tshogs kyi 'khor lo|A ritual feast for different classes of nonhuman beings.
tshogs kyi 'od zer|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānakrama (473 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshogs kyi bdag po chen po|“Great Gaṇapati,” an epithet of Gaṇeśa.
tshogs kyi bdag po|Another name of Gaṇeśa.
tshogs kyi bdag po|‟Lord of gaṇas,” an epithet of Gaṇeśa, the elephant-headed god invoked to remove obstacles.
tshogs kyi bdag po|Gaṇapati, or Ganeśa, is the lord of the gaṇas, a class of asuras usually associated with the god Śiva. In the Purāṇic traditions Gaṇapati is portrayed as the elephant-headed son of Śiva and Pārvatī.
tshogs kyi dbang phyug|Another name of Gaṇeśa.
tshogs kyi dbang phyug|A name that appears twice in the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni in previous lifetimes received the Samādhirāja, and who is described in particular in chapter 38.
tshogs kyi dbang po chen po|A bodhisattva.
tshogs kyi dbang po dang mtshungs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Sudatta.
tshogs kyi dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
tshogs kyi dkyil 'khor|A ritual feast offered to the deities and all beings in the three realms.
tshogs kyi dpal|A bodhisattva.
tshogs kyi gtso|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anāvilārtha (516 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshogs kyis mi thub|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇaprabha (503 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshogs ldan gsal ba|Birthplace of the buddha Sugaṇin.
tshogs ldan mchod rten|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmaketu.
tshogs ldan|The 41st buddha in the first list, 41st in the second list, and 42nd in the third list.
tshogs mchog bkod pa|The name of the bodhisattva Aśoka when he became a buddha.
tshogs mchog mtha' yas khyu mchog|A buddha.
tshogs mkhas ma|Mother of the buddha Sadgaṇin.
tshogs ni rnam gnon|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Añjana (857 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshogs pa rgyu ba na rnam par rgyu ba|A realm in the Heaven Free from Strife (multiple slightly variant versions are extant in the Tibetan, making the term sound more like a description than a proper noun).
tshogs pa rgyu ba|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
tshogs pa|An area in Kuru.
tshogs pa|A river on Deer Abode.
tshogs rgyal 'od|Mother of the buddha Cakradhara.
tshogs rgyal dga' ba drang srong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Lokaprabha.
tshogs thub|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Abhaya.
tshogs|A buddha realm.
tshogs|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
tshogs|Usually mentioned as a pair, as “two provisions/accumulations” of wisdom (acquired through meditation) and merit (acquired through moral conduct).
tshogs|A congregation of monks, or the totality of the Buddha’s monks regarded as the jewel of the Saṅgha (one of the Three Jewels). Also translated here as “congregation.”
tshogs|In the context of the psychophysical constituents, refers to the combination of individual sense-consciousnesses related to the five senses, and that of the mind, making five or six constituents depending on the context (and in some texts more) that collectively constitute “consciousness.”
tshogs|This term denotes the two provisions of merit and gnosis which are gathered by bodhisattvas on the path to manifestly perfect buddhahood. The fulfilment of these two provisions constitutes the fruition of the entire path, resulting respectively in the maturation of the buddha body of form and the buddha body of reality.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-2078 ).
tshol ba med pa|Name of the thirty-first meditative stability.
tshol ba med pa|Lit. “not seeking.” Name of a meditative stabilization.\nEdgerton says the correct form is aneṣa. Animiṣa usually means “unblinking,” but here it is a different form of aneṣa.
tshol bar 'phen pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
tshon mo dga' mo|A certain nun who is tricked in The Hundred Deeds by the Band of Six. She resided at the nunnery Royal Garden.
tshon rtsi'i phung po|A buddha realm.
tshong 'dus ka sa di ze|A market in Virtuous Castle.
tshong dpon bu|The term śreṣṭhin and its Pāli equivalent seṭṭi have undergone a particular development in Buddhism. The Tibetan translation “merchant” or “owner of merchandise” ({tshong dpon}) reflects that śreṣṭhin later came to be associated with traders, merchants, and also moneylenders. However, in Sanskrit the term literally means “distinguished,” and an older survey of the term shows that it implies a kind of nobleman of influential social standing who has both access to wealth and a close association with the king. For a more detailed history on the development of this term, see Chakravarti (1996), chapter 3, particularly pp. 73–79.
tshor ba bdo ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Reviving Hell.
tshor ba dbag tu med|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
tshor ba gsum|The three types of sensation are the pleasant, the unpleasant, and neutral.
tshor ba mtha' med ring|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
tshor ba mtha' med|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
tshor ba mtha' yas|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
tshor ba mu med pa|Lit. “limitless feeling.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
tshor ba ring ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
tshor ba rtag tu 'dus pa|A realm that neigbors the Black Line Hell.\n(The term Samāhṛtavedana is reading, on the authority of the Tib., samāhūta˚ as samāhṛta˚)
tshor ba rtsub cing tsha la bzod pa dka' ba|One of sixteen realms that surround the Great Howling Hell.
tshor ba tshad med pa|One of sixteen realms that surround the Crushing Hell.
tshor ba'i phung po|Second of the five psycho-physical aggregates.
tshor ba'i rjes su lta ba dran pa nye bar gzhag|One of the four types of presence of recollection.
tshor ba'i rjes su lta ba'i dran pa nye bar gzhag pa|Second of the four applications of mindfulness. For a description see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-951 .
tshor ba|Seventh of the twelve links of dependent origination. Also translated here as “sensation.”
tshor ba|The second of the five aggregates and the seventh of the twelve parts of dependent arising.
tshor ba|Feeling, the second of the five skandhas, generally classified into three types: pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral.
tshor ba|There are three types of sensation—pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral; they constitute the second of the five aggregates.
tshor ba|The second of the five skandhas: nonconceptual pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral sensations as a result of sensory experiences.
tshor ba|One of the five aggregates, and seventh of the twelve links of dependent origination, comprising the gamut of mental and physical sensations.
tshub ma chen po spyod yul ma|A goddess.
tshugs dka'|The city of Southern Pañcāla.
tshugs med|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śānta.
tshugs pa med pa'i 'khor lo|Birthplace of the buddha Anihata.
tshugs pa med pa'i bzhin|Father of the buddha Susthita.
tshugs pa med pa'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Daśaraśmi.
tshugs pa med pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
tshugs pa med pa|Birthplace of the buddha Śūra.
tshugs pa med|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇākara.
tshugs par dka'|The city of Southern Pañcāla.
tshul bzang nyid|A brahmin devotee of Buddhism.
tshul bzhin kun 'dri|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
tshul bzhin ma yin pa'i yid la byed pa|Identifications and discernments that run counter to the actual nature of things.
tshul dang 'brel ba'i gzugs brnyan|As a monk should regard his preceptor as a surrogate father, the preceptor is referred to as a “role model in the renunciant life.”
tshul dang 'dra ba'i gzungs|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
tshul gcig|In this sūtra, it stands in for the understanding of emptiness and nonduality.
tshul khrims 'chal pa|Refers to transgressions of moral conduct as prescribed by Buddhist vows.
tshul khrims 'od byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokacandra.
tshul khrims 'od|Attendant of the buddha Toṣaṇa.
tshul khrims 'od|The 864th buddha in the first list, 863rd in the second list, and 853rd in the third list.
tshul khrims bzang po|Father of the buddha Rāhula.
tshul khrims bzang po|A head merchant’s son in Dhanyākara.
tshul khrims bzang po|A king in Jambudvīpa, Musulundha’s rebirth.
tshul khrims can|Mother of the buddha Rāhula.
tshul khrims dang brtul zhugs mchog tu 'dzin pa|Third of the three fetters; also fourth of the five fetters associated with the lower realms.
tshul khrims dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Meruyaśas.
tshul khrims dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pramodyakīrti.
tshul khrims dgyes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇadharma (486 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshul khrims gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sucīrṇabuddhi (171 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshul khrims kyi 'od dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Mount Sumeru.
tshul khrims kyi pha rol tu phyin pa|Second of the six transcendent perfections.
tshul khrims kyi phung po|First of the five definitive aggregates.
tshul khrims kyi phung po|One of the five uncontaminated aggregates.
tshul khrims kyi phung po|One of the five undefiled aggregates ({zag med kyi phung po lnga}), the others being the aggregates of concentration (samādhi), discriminative awareness (prajñā), liberation (vimukti), and insight of the primordial wisdom of liberation (vimukti jñāna darśana).
tshul khrims kyi phung po|One of the five undefiled aggregates (pañca anāsravaskandha, {zag med kyi phung po lnga}), also known as the five aggregates beyond the world (lokottaraskandha, {'jig rten las 'das pa'i phung po lnga}), the others being the aggregates of absorption (samādhi), insight (prajñā), liberation (vimukti), and liberated wisdom vision (vimuktijñānadarśana).
tshul khrims kyi spos kyis lus byugs pa|There are many references in the sūtras to a pleasant fragrance that is the result of moral discipline. Although it is not stated in these exact words, this description echoes some of the eighty excellent signs (asītyānuvyañjana), a subset of the 112 physical characteristics of both buddhas and cakravartins. For example, the list found in the Perfection of Wisdom in Ten Thousand Lines (Toh 11, https://read.84000.co/translation/toh11.html#UT22084-031-002-292) describes these signs: “(34) Their body is immaculate and without unpleasant odors”; and (later down the list) “(40) The pores of their body all emit a pleasant odor.”
tshul khrims ldan|Mother of the buddha Sūryaprabha.
tshul khrims mchog 'dzin|Third of the four knots.
tshul khrims mchog gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kathendra (782 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshul khrims rgyal ba|One of the three translators responsible for the canonical translation of the SEV.
tshul khrims rgyal ba|Prolific 11th century Tibetan translator also known as Naktso Lotsawa ({nag tsho lo tsA ba}). He was sent to India by Lhalama Yeshe-Ö ({lha bla ma ye shes 'od}), the king of Western Tibet, and his grand-nephew Changchub-Ö ({byang chub 'od}) to invite Atiśa to Tibet.
tshul khrims rgyal mtshan|“Banner of Discipline;” the name of the person who sponsored the writing of the manuscript of the JAA.
tshul khrims rjes su dran pa|Fourth of the ten recollections.
tshul khrims rnam dag 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Candrārka.
tshul khrims rnam pa bdun|The seven aspects of discipline comprises three bodily aspects and four verbal aspects. The bodily aspects are to abstain from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. The four bodily aspects are to abstain from lying, divisive speech, abusive speech, and idle chatter.
tshul khrims rnam pa gsum|The morality of restraint (saṃvara), the morality that gathers wholesome qualities (kuśaladharmasaṃgrāha), and the morality that works for the benefit of beings (sattvārthakriyā).
tshul khrims rten|Name of a demon.
tshul khrims sbyin|Father of the buddha Mati.
tshul khrims sbyin|Son of the buddha Amitatejas.
tshul khrims stabs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Atyuccagāmin (118 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
tshul khrims yon tan|The Tibetan translator of this text. His dates are unknown but he lived sometime during the late 10th century to the middle of the 11th century.
tshul khrims yongs su dag pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Praśāntagātra.
tshul khrims|Upholding ethical conduct of body, speech, and mind. Second of the six or ten perfections.
tshul khrims|The second of the six perfections. Morally virtuous or disciplined conduct and the abandonment of morally undisciplined conduct of body, speech, and mind. Also commonly called discipline and ethical conduct.
tshul khrims|The cultivation of morally virtuous and disciplined conduct and the abandonment of morally undisciplined conduct of body, speech, and mind. Often the term is used in relation to the maintenance of formal vows.
tshul khrims|Morally virtuous or disciplined conduct and the abandonment of morally undisciplined conduct of body, speech, and mind. In a general sense, moral discipline is the cause for rebirth in higher, more favorable states, but it is also foundational to Buddhist practice as one of the three trainings (triśikṣā) and one of the six perfections of a bodhisattva.
tshul khrims|Morally virtuous or disciplined conduct and the abandonment of morally undisciplined conduct of body, speech, and mind. One of the six perfections of the bodhisattva. Also rendered here as “ethical rules” and “ethical discipline.” See also Alexander Csoma de Kőrös Translation Group, trans., https://read.84000.co/translation/toh285.html#UT22084-068-019-17 (Toh 285), note 6.
tshul khrims|Morally virtuous or disciplined conduct and the abandonment of morally undisciplined conduct of body, speech, and mind. The term is often used in reference to following precepts or rules according to one’s ordination or vows. It is foundational to Buddhist practice as one of the three trainings (triśikṣā). In the Mahāyāna, it is the second of the six perfections (ṣaṭpāramitā).
tshul la mkhas pa|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
tshul mi 'chos pa|Attendant of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
tshul shing|A bamboo stick given to monks, listing their ordination name as a means of identification.
tshul shing|A bamboo stick distributed to monks and used as a voting ballot or meal ticket. Also used by non-Buddhist orders as an identity certificate.
tshul thams cad kyis bden pa'i khyad par gyi sgra sgrogs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānaprāpta.
tshwa rgo byin|Attendant of the buddha Gaṇimuktirāja.
tsi li ka|A forest on Forest Garlands.
tsi mi sha'i phug na rgyu ba|A class of vidyādharas.
tso ka la|A land in the south of Jambudvīpa.
tsog pu ba|A monk who never lies down to sleep.
tsog pu'i spong ba|A form of asceticism practiced especially by Ājīvikas.
tson twa|A land in the south of Jambudvīpa.
tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa|The founder of the Gelukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism.
tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa|Tsongkhapa Losang Drakpa (1357–1419 ce) was the founder of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, a polymathic scholar, and a prolific author.
tsong kha pa|1357–1419. The founder of the Gelug tradition.
tsong kha pa|Tsongkhapa Losang Drakpa ({tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa}, 1357–1419) was an important Buddhist master and the founder of the Geluk ({dge lugs}) school.
tsong kha pa|(1357-1419). One of the greatest of all Tibetan Lamas, his saintliness was evidenced in his altruistic deeds that caused a renaissance in Tibet, his enlightenment in the extraordinary subtlety and profundity of his thought, and his scholarship in the breadth and clarity of his voluminous writings.
tu ra|An epithet (lit. “Swift One”) of the deity Tārā.
tu ru ska|Although turuṣka means Turk, here it refers to the Kushana emperor Kanishka.
tum bu ru|A gandharva.
tum bu ru|A certain gandharva king, father of Princess Suprabhā.
tum bu ru|Any of the four brothers of Jayā, Vijayā, Ajitā, and Aparājitā.
tun hong|Site of the Magao Caves in Gansu Province, China.
u be|Mother of the buddha Śrīgarbha.
u dum bA ra'i me tog|A simile for rarity, as fig trees do not have discernible blossoms. In Tibet the udumbara (Ficus glomerata), being unknown, became portrayed as a gigantic lotuslike flower. The Chinese adds the adjective “rare” and, like the Tibetan, simply transliterates udumbara.
u dum bA ra|Ficus glomerata.
u dum bA ra|An ancient city in Magadha.
u dum bA ra|A kind of flower that blooms so infrequently that it became a metaphor for rarity.
u dum bA ra|The mythological flower of the fig tree said to appear on rare occasions, such as the birth of a buddha. The actual fig tree flower is contained within the fruit. The flower also came to be portrayed as a kind of lotus.
u dum ba ra|Ficus glomerata; cluster fig.
u dum ba ra|A flower that is said to bloom only once every eon.
u dum ba ra|A kind of flower that blooms so infrequently that it became a metaphor for rarity.
u dum ba ra|The mythological flower of the fig tree said to appear on rare occasions, such as the birth of a buddha. The actual fig tree flower is contained within the fruit. The flower also came to be portrayed as a kind of lotus.
u dum pA ra'i phug|Caves on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Krakucchanda.
u la ma bu|One of the nāga kings.
u ma yi bdag po|Śiva.
u ma'i dbang phyug|The name that Avalokiteśvara prophecies the goddess Umādevī will have on attainment of Buddhahood.
u ma|One of the wives of Śiva; she is also a Buddhist goddess.
u ma|One of the wives of Śiva; in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala she is one of the eight goddesses of offerings.
u pA li|One of the foremost disciples of the Buddha, known for his knowledge of monastic discipline (Skt. vinaya).
u pa da ra da ra|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
u pa li|One of the foremost disciples of the Buddha, known for his knowledge of monastic discipline (Skt. vinaya).
u ra ga sa ra|A kind of sandalwood.
u rgyan|One of the four pīṭhas.
u shi ra'i ri|A mountain in the northern region.
u shi ra|Vetiveris zizanioides.
u shi sha|Vetiveria zizanioides according to the Pandanus Database of Plants. The Tibetan rendering {u shi sha} is almost certain a corruption for uśīka.
u shi'i ri|A mountain at the northern tip of the Middle Country, located in modern-day Punjab.
uDyana|One of the four pīṭhas.
ud pa la 'byung ba|The name of an eon.
ud pa la dmar po'i dpal|A buddha.
ud pa la dmar pos khebs pa|A buddha realm.
ud pa la ltar gas pa|One of the cold hells.
ud pa la ltar gas pa|Name of one of the eight cold hells. The extreme cold of this hell turns the skin of its inhabitants blue until they crack apart.
ud pa la mig|A nāga king.
ud pa la phreng|Mother of the buddha Padma.
ud pa la sbyin|A merchant in Jambudvīpa, later to be reborn as Auspicious Time.
ud pa la skye|A river in Dwelling on Summits.
ud pa la'i dmar po'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
ud pa la'i dpal|A buddha.
ud pa la'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
ud pa la'i dri|Son of the buddha Anihata.
ud pa la'i gdong|“With a Face Like a Water Lily,” the name of a legendary king.
ud pa la'i mdog|A realm of the ever-infatuated gods.
ud pa la'i mig|Mother of the buddha Vajra.
ud pa la'i mig|Name of a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
ud pa la'i spyan|A buddha.
ud pa las rab tu khebs pa|A buddha realm.
ud pa la|A lady.
ud pa la|A great bodhisattva.
ud pa la|Blue lotus, waterlily.
ud pa la|Attendant of the buddha Guṇabāhu.
ud pa la|One of the eight great nāga kings.
ud pal 'dab|Birthplace of the buddha Kṛtārthadarśin.
ud pal brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnadeva.
ud pal dri|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Saṃtoṣaṇa (642 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ud pal ltar gas pa|Sixth of the eight cold hells of Buddhist cosmology. The extreme cold of this hell turns the skin of its inhabitants blue until they crack apart in five or six pieces. Also rendered here as “Blue Lotus Hell.”
ud pal mig|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
ud pal pad mig|Mother of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
ud pal|A buddha realm.
ud pal|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
ud pal|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ud pal|The 941st buddha in the first list, 940th in the second list, and 931st in the third list.
ud pal|Nymphaea caerulea. The “blue lotus” is actually a lily, so it is also known as the blue water lily.
ud ta ra|A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa.
ug chos|Incarvillea compacta maxim, an herb with pink trumpet-shaped flowers used in Tibetan medicine.
uryana|One of the four pīṭhas.
ut pa la rgyas pa bsung gi rgyal po|A buddha.
ut pa la|The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
ut pa la|A perfume-seller head merchant and the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 24.
ut pa la|Nymphaea caerulea. The “blue lotus” is actually a lily, so it is also known as the blue water lily.
vA ma na|A snake demon.
vA rA ha mu khi|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
va dhU|Can be a name of several plants and substances.
va rA ha mu khi|One of the goddesses in the retinue of Heruka.
vai dUrya snying po|A world system.
wA rA Na sI|A holy city on the banks of the Gaṇgā in modern day Uttar Pradesh.
wa ltar sgra 'byin|One of sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Ultimate Torment.
wa|Nickname of the child of wealthy householders in Śrāvasti, so called because of his penchant for eating excrement and drinking urine. After taking instruction from the philosophical extremist Pūraṇa Kāśyapa, who admired his ostenisible austerities, he heard the Dharma from the Buddha, went forth, and manifested arhatship.
ya ba na|One of the sixteen great kingdoms of ancient India.
ya ba na|Indian term used in reference to Greeks, or foreign barbarians in general.
ya ba na|Appears in The Hundred Deeds as the name of a king and a people dwelling in the “barbaric outlying region” north of Jambudvīpa. A reference to the Greeks or Greco-Bactrians.
ya ma|The god of the dead.
ya ma|The god of death, a guardian of the southern quarter.
ya mtshan can|Also refers to an atheist, a false doctrine, the impious, a hypocrite, and an imposter.
ya mu nA|The river Yamunā (personified).
ya mu nA|A river in Jambudvīpa, still called by the same name today.
ya mu na|A river goddess.
ya mu na|The river Yamunā.
ya mu na|A river in north India.
ya mu na|Sacred tributary river of the Ganges in Northern India.
ya mu na|A river in Jambudvīpa, still called by the same name today.
ya sha|Reincarnation of Damaśrī, prince living in the past at the time of the buddha Merugandha.
ya za ma zug|Those with a particular physical condition considered an impediment to ordination.
yal ga sna tshogs kyi 'od|A bodhimaṇḍa in another world in the distant past.
yan lag 'char ri dags mi|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
yan lag bdun pa|A set of practices found in many textual forms for recitation, often daily. The seven limbs are paying homage to the buddhas, presenting them with offerings, disclosing one’s negative deeds, rejoicing in the positive deeds of all beings, requesting the Dharma, supplicating the enlightened ones to remain with us, and dedicating all virtues to the benefit of sentient beings.
yan lag bla ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Beyond All Sorrow and Harm/Liberation from All Sorrow and Harm.
yan lag brgyad dang ldan pa'i bsnyen gnas|Abstinence from killing, stealing, sexual intercourse, lying, drinking, adorning oneself with garlands and perfume and lying in a large bed, enjoying dance and music, and eating after noon.
yan lag brgyad dang ldan pa'i bsnyen gnas|To refrain from (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual activity, (4) false speech, (5) intoxication, (6) singing, dancing, music, and beautifying oneself with adornments or cosmetics, (7) using a high or large bed, and (8) eating at improper times. Typically, this observance is maintained by lay people for twenty-four hours on new moon and full moon days, as well as other special days in the lunar calendar.
yan lag brgyad dang ldan pa'i chu|Water that has the eight qualities of being sweet, cool, pleasant, light, clear, pure, not harmful to the throat, and beneficial for the stomach.
yan lag brgyad dang ldan pa'i chu|The eight qualities of water: (1) sweet-tasting; (2) cool; (3) soft; (4) light; (5) transparent; (6) clean; (7) not harmful to the throat; and (8) beneficial to the stomach.
yan lag brgyad dang ldan pa'i tshul khrims|The eight branches are the same as the eight precepts, the upavasatha or upavāsa vows, namely: to refrain from (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual conduct, (4) lying or divisive speech, (5) intoxication, (6) eating at inappropriate times, (7) entertainment such as singing, dancing, seeing shows, and beautifying oneself with adornments or cosmetics, and (8) using a high bed.
yan lag brgyad dbyangs|The eight qualities of a buddha’s voice are variously presented. According to the Pāli Mahāgovindasutta (Dīghanikāya 19) a buddha’s voice is fluent, intelligible, sweet, audible, sustained, distinct, deep, and resonant.
yan lag brgyad lam|Right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
yan lag brgyad ldan chu|Eight qualities of water: sweet, cool, pleasant, light, clear, pure, not harmful to the throat, and beneficial for the stomach.
yan lag brgyad ldan gyi chu|Water that has the eight qualities of being sweet, cool, pleasant, light, clear, pure, not harmful to the throat, and beneficial for the stomach.
yan lag brgyad pa'i bsnyen gnas|A set of eight vows that are typically observed by lay Buddhists for a single day.
yan lag brgyad pa'i bsnyen gnas|To refrain from (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying or divisive speech, (5) intoxication, (6) eating at inappropriate times, (7) entertainment such as singing, dancing, seeing shows, and beautifying oneself with adornments or cosmetics, and (8) using a high bed. See introduction ( https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-074-003.html#UT22084-074-003-4 ).
yan lag brgyad pa'i lam|Correct view, intention, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.
yan lag brgyad pa'i lam|Right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
yan lag brgyad pa'i lam|The path leading to the attainment of an arhat, consisting of correct view, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and absorption.
yan lag brgyad pa|Eight precepts observed by householders, particularly around certain ritual observances.
yan lag brgyad|Eight qualities of water: sweet, cool, pleasant, light, clear, pure, not harmful to the throat, and beneficial for the stomach.
yan lag brgyad|Abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, intoxication, eating after noon, dancing and singing, and lying on an elevated bed.
yan lag brgyad|This can refer either to what is also known as the eightfold path ({'phags lam yan lag brgyad}): (1) right view, (2) right intention, (3) right speech, (4) right action, (5) right livelihood, (6) effort, (7) mindfulness, and (8) meditative concentration. Or to what is also known as the eight precepts ({bsnyen gnas yan lag brgyad}): (1) abstaining from killing, (2) stealing, (3) sexual misconduct, (4) lying, (5) intoxication, (6) eating after noon, (7) dancing and singing, and (8) lying on an elevated bed.
yan lag bzhi pa'i dpung gi tshogs|The fourfold division of the ancient Indian army: elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers.
yan lag bzhi'i dpung|The fourfold division of an army into infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots.
yan lag dam pa rin po che mchod gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Vararūpa.
yan lag dga'|Mother of the buddha Vidyutprabha.
yan lag dgu'i mdo|Nine divisions of the Buddhist scriptures.
yan lag drug|Knowledge of miraculous realms, the divine ear, different states of mind, previous rebirths, birth and death, and the exhaustion of defilements.
yan lag lnga dang ldan pa'i sil snyan|A traditional Indian classification of musical instruments enumerates non-membranous percussion, membranous percussion, wind-blown, plucked string, and bowed string.
yan lag lnga dang ldan pa'i tshul khrims|The five branches are the same as the five precepts, namely: abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and consuming intoxicants.
yan lag lnga pa'i sil snyan|A standard grouping of five classical instruments into non-membranous percussion, membranous percussion, windblown, plucked string, and bowed string.
yan lag lnga pa|The head, arms, and legs.
yan lag lnga pa|Five aspects of clarity of melodious speech: it is intelligible and brings full comprehension, is worthy to listen to and without unpleasant intonations, has depth and resonance, is generous and pleasant to hear, and is unruffled.
yan lag lnga spangs pa|Buddhas have abandoned five branches or factors that perpetuate saṃsāra: pursuing desires, ill will, lethargy and languor, regret and agitation, and view and doubt.
yan lag lnga'i khrims brgyad|A reference to the practice of a lay disciple (Skt. upāsaka) who ordinarily observes the five precepts, taking all eight vows for the fortnightly fast (Skt. upavāsa).
yan lag lnga'i tshul khrims|Abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxication.
yan lag lngas phyag|The term literally means “prostrating with five limbs.” The five limbs consist of the head, two arms, and two legs.
yan lag lnga|The head, arms, and legs.
yan lag lnga|Both arms, both legs, and head.
yan lag lnga|The two arms, two legs, and the head.
yan lag lnga|Literally, “the five limbs,” i.e., the head, arms, and legs.
yan lag ma smad pa|Son of the buddha Vimalaprabha.
yan lag ma smad pa|Mother of the buddha Sūkṣmabuddhi.
yan lag ma smad pa|Attendant of the buddha Abhedyabuddhi.
yan lag mchog gi gzugs dang ldan pa|Literally “having a form excellent in all body parts.”
yan lag mchog|Son of the buddha Uttamadeva.
yan lag mchog|Mother of the buddha Mahāpradīpa.
yan lag mchog|A buddha in the eastern direction.
yan lag mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Uttamadeva.
yan lag mdzes pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaganasvara (958 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yan lag mdzes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Surabhigandha (139) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yan lag med pa'i rdo rje|The Buddhist counterpart of Kāmadeva.
yan lag mnyam pa|Attendant of the buddha Candra.
yan lag rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Uttamadeva.
yan lag rgyas|The 577th buddha in the first list, 577th in the second list, and 570th in the third list.
yan lag rnam par brgyan pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
yan lag sdug ldan pa|Attendant of the buddha Sahitaraśmi.
yan lag skyes|The 89th buddha in the first list, 89th in the second list, and 90th in the third list.
yan lag tu zug pa|Symptom that may be evidence of an illness considered an impediment to ordination.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1011 .
yan lag ye shes kyis tshim pa gya nom sems pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Saṃtoṣaṇa.
yan lag|A branch or limb; member; subdivision or supplement; factor or element.
yang dag 'byung ba'i mchog|A buddha in the distant past.
yang dag 'phags pa'i dpal|A bodhisattva.
yang dag 'phags|A great bodhisattva.
yang dag 'phags|Attendant of the buddha Tacchaya.
yang dag byang chub kyi yan lag|One of seven qualities cultivated on the path of seeing: mindfulness, discernment, diligence, joy, ease, absorption, equanimity.
yang dag chags spyod|A realm of the triple-lute-bearer gods.
yang dag don sems|Father of the buddha Śuddhaprabha.
yang dag gnas|Son of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
yang dag gzigs|Father of the buddha Dṛḍhadharma.
yang dag mtha'|This term has three meanings: (1) a synonym for the ultimate nature, (2) the experience of the ultimate nature, and (3) the quiesent state of a worthy one (arhat) to be avoided by bodhisattvas.
yang dag pa dang log pa thams cad yang dag par sel ba|Name of the ninety-sixth meditative stability.
yang dag pa dang log pa thams cad yang dag par sel ba|Lit. “eliminator of all right and wrong.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
yang dag pa ji lta ba bzhin du|Yathā means “in accordance”/“just as,” and bhūta is a participle from the root bhū, which can mean “to exist” or “to come into existence.” The term yathābhūta is a key term in Buddhist texts, indicating the way things are, the nature of things, etc. It is usually used adverbially, indicating the way in which someone cognizes.
yang dag pa ma yin pa kun brtags pa|Something unreal that is constructed through imagination. Along with its related form abhūtaparikalpa, it conveys an important concept in the Yogācāra Buddhist philosophy.
yang dag pa nyid brgyad|The eight right modes are: right view, right thought, right speech, right actions, right livelihood, right effort, right recollection, and right samādhi.
yang dag pa nyid du nges pa'i tshogs|First of the three provisions.
yang dag pa nyid du nges pa|This generally describes one who has reached the noble path, either in Disciple Vehicle or Mahāyāna practice (see Lamotte, p. 115, n. 65).
yang dag pa nyid|Lit. “genuineness” or “authenticity.” The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Akin to other terms rendered here as thatness (tattva, {de kho na nyid}), suchness (tathatā, {de bzhin nyid}), and reality (dharmatā, {chos nyid}).
yang dag pa'i 'tsho ba|Fifth of the noble eightfold path.
yang dag pa'i 'tsho ba|To convince others that your livelihood is free from wrong means, such as wheedling behavior, flattery, and so forth (Rigzin 377). See also “noble eightfold path,” “thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.”
yang dag pa'i byang chub kyi yan lag rin po che bdun|Otherwise known as the seven branches of awakening ({byang chub kyi yan lag bdun}): (1) awakened mindfulness, (2) awakened discernment of phenomena, (3) awakened diligence, (4) awakened rejoicing, (5) awakened pliancy, (6) awakened absorption, and (7) awakened equanimity.
yang dag pa'i dran pa nye bar bzhag pa bzhi|Mindfulness of the body, feelings, the mind, and phenomena.
yang dag pa'i dran pa nye bar bzhag pa|Mindfulness of the body, feelings, the mind, and phenomena.
yang dag pa'i dran pa nye bar bzhag pa|This refers to the four types of mindfulness: the mindfulness of the body, sensations, thought, and phenomena.
yang dag pa'i dran pa|Seventh of the noble eightfold path.
yang dag pa'i dran pa|To retain the object of calm abiding and insight meditation without forgetting it; an antidote to forgetfulness (Rigzin 377). See also “noble eightfold path,” “thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.”
yang dag pa'i las kyi mtha'|Fourth of the noble eightfold path.
yang dag pa'i las kyi mtha'|Also called “right conduct,” it is convincing others that your activities conform with the doctrine and are harmonious with pure ethics (Rigzin 377). See also “noble eightfold path,” “thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.”
yang dag pa'i lta ba|First of the noble eightfold path.
yang dag pa'i lta|To discern through analytical means the reality of the four noble truths and other phenomena (Rigzin 377). See also “noble eightfold path,” “thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.”
yang dag pa'i me tog|One of the tathāgatas.
yang dag pa'i mtha' rnam par gnon|A bodhisattva.
yang dag pa'i mtha'|A synonym for ultimate reality and a way of describing the attainment of perfection as the culmination of the spiritual path.
yang dag pa'i mtha'|The ultimate state that can be experienced in the realization of reality, and a near-synonym of nirvāṇa; sometimes also translated as “the reality limit” in contexts describing a partial nirvāṇa that needs to be transcended.
yang dag pa'i mtha'|This term has several meanings, depending on the context: (1) the dividing line between saṃsāra and nirvāṇa, (2) the inferior realization of the hearers and solitary buddhas, (3) the nature of phenomena (emptiness), and (4) full realization of the ultimate truth. In this text it is the second meaning that should be understood.
yang dag pa'i mtha'|This term has three meanings: (1) the ultimate nature, (2) the experience of the ultimate nature, and (3) the quiescent state of a worthy one to be avoided by bodhisattvas. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-006.html#UT22084-051-006-6 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-006.html#UT22084-051-006-7 .
yang dag pa'i mtha'|A synonym of the ultimate reality. In the Mahāyāna sūtras, it has a somewhat negative flavor, connoting the Hinayāna concept of a static nirvāṇa. Sthiramati glosses the term as follows: “ ‘Reality’ means undistorted truth. ‘Limit’ means the extreme beyond which there is nothing to be known by anyone” (bhūtaṃ satyam aviparītamityarthaḥ / koṭiḥ paryanto yataḥ pareṇa-anyajjñeyaṃ nāsti…/).
yang dag pa'i mtha'|A synonym for ultimate reality, emptiness, dharmadhātu, and so forth—as either an ontological reality or a state of being—this compound is typically parsed as the “limit” or “frontier” (koṭi) of “reality” (bhūta), which is intended metaphorically, as it is consistently described, in a play on words, as “without limit” (akoṭi) or “infinite” (atyanta). This compound might also be parsed as the “final” or “true” (bhūta) “conclusion” or “goal” (koṭi), although the majority of cases and the Indian Buddhist commentarial tradition tend to support the former interpretation.
yang dag pa'i ngag|Third of the noble eightfold path.
yang dag pa'i ngag|To show others—by means of teaching, debate, and writing—the nature of reality free from conceptual elaborations (Rigzin 377). See also “noble eightfold path,” “thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.”
yang dag pa'i rtog pa|Second of the noble eightfold path. Also translated as “correct thought.”
yang dag pa'i rtog pa|Also called “right determination,” “right thought,” it is to examine how the profound meaning understood through the study of texts complies with the teachings of the Buddha (Rigzin 377). See also “noble eightfold path,” “thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.”
yang dag pa'i rtsol ba|Sixth of the noble eightfold path.
yang dag pa'i rtsol ba|To meditate repeatedly on the meaning of reality that has already been seen or experienced; an antidote to the objects to be abandoned on the path of seeing (Rigzin 377). See also “noble eightfold path,” “thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.”
yang dag pa'i spong ba bzhi|Four types of effort consisting in abandoning existing negative mind states, abandoning the production of such states, giving rise to virtuous mind states that are not yet produced, and letting those states continue.
yang dag pa'i spong ba bzhi|Not giving rise to any negativity that has not yet arisen, abandoning those negativities that have arisen, actively giving rise to virtues that have not yet arisen, and causing those virtues that have arisen to increase.
yang dag pa'i spong ba|The four kinds of exertion, belonging to the thirty-seven aids to awakening, are the efforts to prevent the occurrence of unskillful states, to abandon unskillful states already arisen, to develop skillful states, and to sustain and increase skillful states already arisen.
yang dag pa'i ting nge 'dzin|Eighth of the noble eightfold path.
yang dag pa'i ting nge 'dzin|Name of a meditative stabilization.
yang dag pa'i ting nge 'dzin|Also called “right concentration,” it is to establish meditative concentration free from the faults of laxity and excitement; an antidote to hindrances (Rigzin 377). See also “noble eightfold path,” “thirty-seven wings of enlightenment.” Also rendered here as “right meditative concentration.”
yang dag par 'phags pa|Name of the fifteenth meditative stability.
yang dag par 'phags pa|Lit. “truly noble.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
yang dag par blangs pa thams cad las rgal ba the tsom gcod pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Gentle Voice.
yang dag par byin pa'i bslab blangs|A great bodhisattva.
yang dag par gshegs pa|A relic of the Sinitic vocabulary in Tibetan texts (see McKeown 2010, 23). {yang dag par gshegs pa} renders Chinese ru lai 如來, which in turn renders Sanskrit tathā + āgata (“thus come”). This was apparently given preference by the Chinese translators of canonical texts over ruqu 如去, Sanskrit tathā + gata (“thus gone”). According to R. A. Stein, Tibetan translators, while aware that ru lai 如來 was a translation of the Sanskrit compound tathāgata , chose to translate ru lai as {yang dag par gshegs pa} “perfectly (or purely) come (or gone).” By thus deviating from the original sense of the epithet they indirectly marked the Tibetan translation as potentially Chinese in origin (McKeown 2010, 23).
yang dag par ldan pa'i lung|The Connected Discourses, one of the four divisions of the Sūtrapiṭaka.
yang dag par lta ba|Here, the opposite of wrong view, i.e. belief in karmic cause and effect.
yang dag par mthong ba|A garuḍa king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub|Manifesting the complete enlightenment of a buddha.
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub|A term commonly used to describe the complete spiritual awakening of a buddha.
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas bdun po|The best known of many sets of past buddhas, including Śākyamuni as the seventh, his three predecessors in this eon (Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni, and Kāśyapa), and the three last buddhas of the previous eon (Vipaśyin, Śikhin, and Viśvabhū).
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas kyi sa|Name of the tenth of the levels of realization attainable by bodhisattvas. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-1282 .
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas|“A perfect buddha.” A buddha who teaches the Dharma, as opposed to a pratyeka buddha, who does not teach.
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas|Literally, “perfectly and completely awakened one,” this refers to a buddha who teaches the Dharma, as opposed to a pratyeka buddha.
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas|An epithet of the buddhas, used both as an honorific and to distinguish them from beings of lesser realization such as arhats, solitary buddhas, and the like.
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas|A perfect buddha: a buddha who teaches the Dharma and brings it into a world, as opposed to a pratyekabuddha, who does not teach the Dharma or bring it into a world.
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas|A term used to emphasize the superiority of buddhahood when contrasted with the achievement of the arhats and pratyekabuddhas. A samyaksaṃbuddha is considered superior by virtue of his compassionate activity, his omniscience and his ten special powers.
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas|The attainment of a buddha, who has gained total freedom from conditioned existence, overcome all tendencies imprinted on the mind as a result of a long association with afflicted mental states, and fully manifested all aspects of buddha body, speech, and mind. Also translated here as “completely perfect buddha.”
yang dag par sbong ba bzhi|Four correct ways in which to strive, sometimes also employed to explain “right effort” in the context of the noble path with eight parts. They are abandoning nonvirtuous dharmas that have not yet arisen and those that have already arisen, generating virtuous dharmas that have yet to arise, and maintaining virtuous dharmas that have already arisen.
yang dag par sbyor ba|Sexual union perceived as the union of wisdom and skillful means; space between two concave surfaces; the principle of sampuṭa personified; an epithet of Vajrasattva/Saṃvara.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-079-008-OLD.html#UT22084-079-008-OLD-14 .
yang dag par sdud par 'gyur ba'i chos drug|Vasubandhu/Daṃṣṭrāsena’s Bṛhaṭṭīkā https://read.84000.co/translation/toh3808.html says these “are in the One Hundred Thousand” and lists them as “kindly physical action, kindly verbal action, kindly mental action, and a balanced morality, balanced view, and balanced livelihood.”
yang dag par sdud pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its fifth week.
yang dag par shes spa|Possibly a reference to {yang dag par shes pa'i ye shes bzhi}, the “four right cognitions [of the mode of being of phenomena]” (Rangjung Yeshe).
yang dag par spang ba|Four types of relinquishment of abandoning existing negative mind states, abandoning the production of such states, giving rise to virtuous mind states that are not yet produced, and letting those states continue.
yang dag par spong ba bzhi|Ensuring that nonvirtuous qualities do not arise and are eliminated if they do; ensuring that virtuous qualities arise and ensuring that they remain and increase when they have arisen.
yang dag par spong ba bzhi|The four perfect endeavors are (1) relinquishing the existing evils and nonvirtues, (2) not giving rise to evils and nonvirtues currently absent, (3) giving rise to virtues not yet present, and (4) increasing virtues already developed.
yang dag par spong ba bzhi|Four types of right effort consisting in (1) abandoning existing negative mind states, (2) abandoning the production of such states, (3) giving rise to virtuous mind states that are not yet produced, and (4) letting those states continue.
yang dag par spong ba bzhi|The four right exertions (sometimes translated literally from the Tibetan as “abandonments”) aim at preventing the negative dharmas from arising, at removing those that have arisen, at producing those that have not arisen, and at maintaining those that have arisen. The Tibetan term, as exemplified in this text, may translate both the Sanskrit terms samyakprahāṇa and samyakpraṇidhiṃ.
yang dag par spong ba bzhi|These are effort not to initiate sins not yet arisen; effort to eliminate sins already arisen; effort to initiate virtues not yet arisen; and effort to consolidate, increase, and not deteriorate virtues already arisen. For our use of “effort” (samyak pradhāna) instead of lit. “abandonment” (samyak prahāna) see Dayal, p. 102 ff. These four form a part of the thirty-seven aids to enlightenment.
yang dag par spong ba bzhi|That the translation of this term should not follow the Tibetan literally (which would yield “four kinds of abandoning”) is widely agreed. It is possible that the Tibetan translators may originally have confused the meaning in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (BHS) of the term prahāṇa (“priority”) with its meaning in classical Sanskrit (“elimination”). The classical Sanskrit equivalent of BHS prahāṇa is pradhāna. See Dayal, p. 102 ff.
yang dag par spong ba|These are four: preventing the arising of evil that has not arisen, eliminating the evil that has arisen, generating good qualities that have not arisen, and maintaining good qualities that have arisen.
yang dag par spong ba|Four types of relinquishment: abandoning existing negative mind states, abandoning the production of such states, giving rise to virtuous mind states that are not yet produced, and letting those states continue.
yang dag par spong ba|The four correct exertions are (1) abandoning existing negative mental states, (2) abandoning the production of such states, (3) giving rise to virtuous states of mind that are not yet produced, (4) and letting those states continue.
yang dag par spong ba|There are four kinds: the intention to not do bad actions that have not been done, to give up bad actions that are being done, to do good actions that have not been done, and to increase the good actions that are being done. Exertion is in accordance with the meaning in Buddhist Sanskrit. The Tibetan is translated as “abandonment” as in classical Sanskrit, which does not fit the context.
yang dag par spong ba|Relinquishing negative acts in the present and future and enhancing positive acts in the present and future. These are among the thirty-seven factors of awakening. The term is often translated “true relinquishments,” which is the literal meaning of both the Sanskrit and Tibetan, but does not fit the third and fourth; Dayal, p. 102 ff. suggests the use of “effort” (samyak pradhāna) instead of lit. “abandonment” (samyak prahāna).
yang dag par spong ba|Refers here to the four correct exertions that belong to the thirty-seven factors conducive to awakening. The Sanskrit term samyakprahāṇa is generally translated as either "right exertion(s)” or “right abandonment(s),” depending on whether one follows the primary connotation “exertion” ( pradhāna, lit. “priority”) or the secondary (nirukta) derived connotation “abandonment” (prahāṇa). The four are the intention to not do bad actions that have not been done, to give up bad actions that are being done, to do good actions that have not been done, and to increase the good actions that are being done.
yang dag pa|Lit. “genuineness” or “authenticity.” The quality or condition of things as they really are, which cannot be conveyed in conceptual, dualistic terms. Akin to other terms rendered here as “as it really is,” “suchness,” and “natural state.”
yang dag rgyal ba|Name of a yakṣa general.
yang dag rgyal ba|A young Brahmin, son of Lucky.
yang dag sbyor|A ṛṣi present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
yang dag sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇaratna.
yang dag sgra sgrogs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vaidyādhipa (905 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yang dag shes|Name of a yakṣa general.
yang dag shes|One of the five yakṣa generals.
yang dag shes|The son of Kubera, about whom very little is known. His name is often rendered as {yang dag shes} in Tibetan translation, reflecting a frequent variant in the Sanskrit, Sañjñeya.
yang dag skyed pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twenty-first week.
yang dag spong ba bzhi|Four types of right effort consisting in (1) abandoning existing negative mind states, (2) abandoning the production of such states, (3) giving rise to virtuous mind states that are not yet produced, and (4) letting those states continue.
yang dag spong ba|The four correct exertions are (1) abandoning existing negative mental states, (2) abandoning the production of such states, (3) giving rise to virtuous states of mind that are not yet produced, (4) and letting those states continue.
yang dag|A yakṣa in this tantra. Although {yang dag} is normally translated as “Viśuddha,” we have rendered it here as “Samprajñāna” since this is the Sanskrit rendering of this particular yakṣa’s name in the list of name mantras at 2.14.
yang gar ba ti|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Delivered through Powerful Diligence.
yang gzhi nas bslang ste mgu bar bya ba|Imposed on a monk who incurs a third saṅgha stigmata offense while serving his probation.
yang sos|“Reviving,” one of the hells.
yang sos|One among the eight hot hells.
yang sos|Name of one of the great hells (Skt. mahānaraka); see also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-072-007.html#UT22084-072-007-145 .
yang sos|First (and lightest) of the eight hot hells of Buddhist cosmology. Born frightened of one another, the inhabitants of the Reviving Hell fight with each other using sharp weapons, die, and are instantly revived over and over to continue fighting.
yang srid thul|Attendant of the buddha Ketu.
yangs ldan|The realm where in the future there will be Buddha Śālendrarāja.
yangs pa can|The site where Buddha Śākyamuni laid down various rules of the Vinaya, gave other teachings, and, on his last visit, announced his approaching parinirvāṇa.
yangs pa can|An ancient city founded by Viśāla, Vaiśālī was an important location where a number of Buddhist sūtras are said to have been taught, particularly in the Mahāyāna literature.
yangs pa can|Great city during the Buddha’s time, capital of the Licchavi republic; at present the town of Basarh, Muzaffarpur district, in Tirhut, Bihar province of India. (See Lamotte, pp. 80-83; p. 97, n. 1.).
yangs pa can|A great city during the Buddha’s time, the capital of the Licchavis and part of the Vṛji republic, near present-day Patna in Bihar. An important location where a number of Buddhist sūtras are said to have been taught.
yangs pa can|A great city during the Buddha Śākyamuni’s time, it was the capital of the Licchavi republic; at present it is the town of Basarh in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the site where the Buddha Śākyamuni laid down various rules of the Vinaya, gave other teachings, and, on his last visit, announced his approaching parinirvāṇa.
yangs pa can|The ancient capital of the Licchavi republican state, Vaiśālī is located near present-day Patna in Bihar, India. The Buddha visited this city several times during his lifetime. It is perhaps most famous as the location where, on different occasions, the Buddha cured a plague, admitted the first nuns into the Buddhist order, was offered a bowl of honey by monkeys, and announced his parinirvāṇa three months prior to his departure.
yangs pa dang ldan pa|A buddha realm below.
yangs pa'i 'od ma|A village.
yangs pa'i 'od|A potter who was the Buddha in a former life.
yangs pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
yangs pa'i blo|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
yangs pa'i mig|A great bodhisattva.
yangs pa|A city.
yangs pa|A buddha realm.
yangs pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
yangs pa|The site where the Buddha Śākyamuni laid down various rules of the Vinaya, gave other teachings, and, on his last visit, announced his approaching parinirvāṇa.
yangs pa|A major city during the Buddha’s time, the capital of the Licchavi republic. It was an important location where a number of Buddhist sūtras are said to have been taught.
yangs pa|The capital of the Licchavīs and part of the Vṛji republic, this was an important city during the Buddha’s time. The Buddha visited it many times and taught a number of sūtras there.
yar klungs lo tsA ba grags pa rgyal mtshan|The translator of a number of tantras in the Kangyur and commentarial works in the Tengyur, active in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries (1242–1346), probably at Sakya.
yar lung|A valley in South Tibet.
ye shes 'byor ldan|The 680th buddha in the first list, 679th in the second list, and 671st in the third list.
ye shes 'byor|Son of the buddha Dharmeśvara.
ye shes 'byung ba 'phags|A bodhisattva.
ye shes 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
ye shes 'byung ba'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes 'byung gnas 'od|The name of a tathāgata in this discourse.
ye shes 'byung gnas dpal|A buddha.
ye shes 'byung gnas gtsug phud|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ye shes 'byung gnas|A buddha realm.
ye shes 'byung gnas|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes 'byung gnas|The eldest son of Buddha Mahābhijñā jñānābhi bhū.
ye shes 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
ye shes 'byung gnas|The 100th buddha in the first list, 100th in the second list, and 101st in the third list.
ye shes 'byung gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa (824 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes 'dzin|Mother of the buddha Padma.
ye shes 'gros|Attendant of the buddha Vajrasena.
ye shes 'gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahādarśana.
ye shes 'gros|The 263rd buddha in the first list, 262nd in the second list, and 262nd in the third list.
ye shes 'jigs med ma|Mother of the buddha Mahāpriya.
ye shes 'od 'phro 'bar ba'i sku|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
ye shes 'od 'phro ba dpal gyi rgyal mtshan|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ye shes 'od 'phro gzi brjid dpal|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Jñānārci teja śiri.
ye shes 'od 'phro rgya mtsho dpal|The hundredth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS in verse: Jñānārci sāgara śiri.
ye shes 'od byed|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Asamabuddhi.
ye shes 'od byin|Attendant of the buddha Tejorāja.
ye shes 'od gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amṛtadhārin.
ye shes 'od gzer gyi sprin gyi 'od|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes 'od mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Māradama.
ye shes 'od zer rgyal po|King of Wisdom Light is a buddha who inhabits a buddhafield.
ye shes 'od zer|A buddha.
ye shes 'od zer|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes 'od zer|Mother of the buddha Prāṇītajñāna.
ye shes 'od zer|Attendant of the buddha Vigataśoka.
ye shes 'od zer|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jagattoṣaṇa.
ye shes 'od|A buddha realm.
ye shes 'od|Mother of the buddha Suśītala.
ye shes 'od|Father of the buddha Prāṇītajñāna.
ye shes 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmakośa.
ye shes 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Lokottara.
ye shes 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sthāmaprāpta (365 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes 'phags pa'i 'od kyi gzi brjid dpal|A buddha.
ye shes 'phags|A bodhisattva.
ye shes 'phel|Father of the buddha Jñānaprāpta.
ye shes bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Laḍitavyūha.
ye shes bkod pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnottama.
ye shes bla ma'i ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
ye shes bla ma|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes bla ma|A monk and a past buddha.
ye shes bla ma|Attendant of the buddha Sūryagarbha.
ye shes bla ma|The name of a thus-gone one in the future.
ye shes bla ma|A bodhisattva who seeks a prophecy from Śākyamuni.
ye shes bla ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arciṣmat.
ye shes blo gros|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhadaṃṣṭra (976 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes blo gros|A buddha in the distant past in chapter 36 (translated {ye shes blo}), and the twenty-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past in chapter 37 (translated {ye shes blo gros}).
ye shes blo|A buddha in the distant past in chapter 36 (translated {ye shes blo}), and the twenty-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past in chapter 37 (translated {ye shes blo gros}).
ye shes blta|Birthplace of the buddha Sumedhas.
ye shes brnyes|The 690th buddha in the first list, 689th in the second list, and 680th in the third list.
ye shes brtsegs pa'i rna rgyan gyis brgyan pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthitārtha buddhi.
ye shes brtsegs pa|A buddha.
ye shes brtsegs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Siṃha.
ye shes brtsegs|The 605th buddha in the first list, 604th in the second list, and 598th in the third list.
ye shes brtson'grus|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes brtul zhugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anihata (433 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes bsags|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes bstsags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Girīndrakalpa.
ye shes byang chub sems dpa' thams cad kyis yang dag par mnos pa|Mahāvyutpatti 366.
ye shes byin|Mother of the buddha Muktaprabha.
ye shes byin|Birthplace of the buddha Yaśadatta.
ye shes byin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Suprabha.
ye shes bzang ldan|The 760th buddha in the first list, 759th in the second list, and 749th in the third list.
ye shes bzang po|Father of the buddha Vīryadatta.
ye shes bzhed pa|The 738th buddha in the first list, 737th in the second list, and 727th in the third list.
ye shes can|Mother of the buddha Anuttarajñānin.
ye shes can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānasūrya.
ye shes chen po'i 'od gzer shin tu yangs pa'i rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes chen po'i stobs kyi bsgrags pa|A buddha that resided in a previous world called Pure Light.
ye shes dal ba 'gyur byed|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes dam pa|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānavara.
ye shes dbang phyug ma|Mother of the buddha Sujñāna.
ye shes dbang phyug rgyal po|A buddha.
ye shes dbang phyug|The bodhisattva Earth Holder when he becomes a buddha.
ye shes dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
ye shes de|Yeshé Dé (late eighth to early ninth century) was the most prolific translator of sūtras into Tibetan. Altogether he is credited with the translation of more than 160 sūtra translations and more than 100 additional translations, mostly on tantric topics. In spite of Yeshé Dé’s great importance for the propagation of Buddhism in Tibet during the imperial era, only a few biographical details about this figure are known. Later sources describe him as a student of the Indian teacher Padmasambhava, and he is also credited with widely teaching both sūtra and tantra to students of his own.
ye shes dga'|Son of the buddha Tejorāśi.
ye shes dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Somacchattra.
ye shes dge ba 'chad pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pūjya.
ye shes dgyes|The 445th buddha in the first list, 444th in the second list, and 438th in the third list.
ye shes dkyil 'khor snang ba|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes dpa' ba|A past buddha who eons previously had been King Mahābala. Also the name of one of the two hundred buddhas Śākyamuni had received the samādhi teaching from in previous lifetimes.
ye shes dpa' bo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Muktiskandha.
ye shes dpa' bo|The 565th buddha in the first list, 565th in the second list, and 558th in the third list.
ye shes dpal brtsegs rgyal po|A buddha residing in the western direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ye shes dpal|A buddha.
ye shes dpal|Son of the buddha Sthāmaprāpta.
ye shes dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ye shes dpal|The name of a buddha in the distant past.
ye shes dpal|The 449th buddha in the first list, 448th in the second list, and 442nd in the third list.
ye shes dpal|The name of the twenty-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Jñāna śirī.
ye shes dri ma med pa phun sum tshogs pa'i sprin|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes gdon mi za ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nirjvara.
ye shes gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Subuddhinetra.
ye shes gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāgakrama.
ye shes go cha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Rāhudeva (521 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes grags mdzes|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śanairgāmin.
ye shes grags pa|The 508th buddha in the first list, 508th in the second list, and 501st in the third list.
ye shes grub|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣya.
ye shes gsal ba'i mgron|Name of a buddha.
ye shes gsal|Son of the buddha Jñānaprāpta.
ye shes gsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
ye shes gya nom|The 620th buddha in the first list, 619th in the second list, and 612th in the third list.
ye shes gzhan gyis mi thub pa'i mthu|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes gzhol|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñāgati.
ye shes gzi brjid stobs|The 857th buddha in the first list, 856th in the second list, and 846th in the third list.
ye shes gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Balatejojñāna.
ye shes kha lo sgyur|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kusumaprabha.
ye shes khyab bdag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Bhadrapāla.
ye shes khyu mchog|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes kun nas bsdus pa|The name of an eon in which the Buddha Splendorous Light Manifesting in the Manner of All Phenomena resides.
ye shes kun snang rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes kun tu bzang po'i dkyil 'khor|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ye shes kyi 'byung gnas mtha' yas pa|Father of the buddha Jñānin.
ye shes kyi 'od kun tu snang ba|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ye shes kyi 'od zer|In the Ratnaketudhāraṇī, he is one of the six “directional” tathāgatas.
ye shes kyi 'od|A buddha realm.
ye shes kyi 'od|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes kyi dkyil 'khor kun tu snang ba'i dbyangs|A buddha in a realm in the upward direction.
ye shes kyi dpal|A buddha.
ye shes kyi dpal|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes kyi dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ye shes kyi mdzod|A buddha.
ye shes kyi me tog kun nas rnam par dag pa|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ye shes kyi me|A buddha.
ye shes kyi snying po|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes kyi spong ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sthita buddhi rūpa.
ye shes kyi spyod pa kun tu thogs pa med pa|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes kyi stobs kyi ri bo'i gzi brjid|A buddha in a world in the eastern direction in the past.
ye shes kyi stobs kyis rnam par bsgrags|A buddha.
ye shes kyi stobs|A buddha realm.
ye shes kyi stobs|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes kyi stobs|A cakravartin king countless eons in the past.
ye shes kyi tog|A bodhisattva.
ye shes kyi tshogs|The progressive deeping of spritual understanding. One of the two factors that come together in creating momentum toward a practitioner’s spiritual awakening, the other being the accumulation of merit.
ye shes kyi zhal shin tu rgyas pa|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes kyis 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ye shes kyis rnam par brgyan pa'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānin.
ye shes kyis rnam par sprul zhing gsal ba rab tu brgyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānaprāpta.
ye shes la dga' ba|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ye shes la rton|One of the four reliances.
ye shes lag|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇya.
ye shes ldan|A princess countless eons ago.
ye shes ldan|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
ye shes ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Abhyudgataśrī.
ye shes ldan|One of the twelve retentions of the bodhisattvas.
ye shes ldan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaketu.
ye shes ldan|The 695th buddha in the first list, 694th in the second list, and 685th in the third list.
ye shes lhun grub|Mother of the buddha Jñānaruci.
ye shes lhun po'i blo|A bodhisattva.
ye shes lhur len pa|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes lnga|The five wisdoms each express a distinct quality of awakened cognition associated with one of the buddhas of the five families. The five are (1) the wisdom of the dharmadhātu (dharmadhātu jñāna; {chos kyi dbyings kyi ye shes}), (2) mirror-like wisdom (ādarśajñāna; {me long lta bu'i ye shes}), (3) the wisdom of equality (samatājñāna; {mnyam nyid ye shes}), (4) the wisdom of thorough discrimination (pratyavekṣaṇājñāna; {so sor rtog pa'i ye shes}), and (5) the wisdom of accomplishing activities (kṛtyānuṣṭhānajñāna; {bya ba grub pa'i ye shes}).
ye shes lta bas mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpa.
ye shes lta|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānavikrama.
ye shes mchod rten|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prāmodyarāja (69 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Jñānarāśi.
ye shes mchog ma|The 428th buddha in the first list, 427th in the second list, and 421st in the third list.
ye shes mchog rigs 'dzin|Son of the buddha Jitaśatru.
ye shes mchog|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes mchog|Son of the buddha Acala.
ye shes mchog|A monk and Dharma preacher.
ye shes mchog|A monk who presumably appears in the Jātakas.
ye shes mchog|The bodhisattva Unobscured Lamp when he becomes a buddha.
ye shes mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Lokasundara.
ye shes mdzod 'chang|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
ye shes mdzod|The 669th buddha in the first list, 668th in the second list, and 660th in the third list.
ye shes me tog 'byung|A buddha.
ye shes me tog legs rgyas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Padmaraśmi.
ye shes me tog mngon par shes pa'i rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka.
ye shes me tog rin po che'i 'od kyi dpal|A buddha.
ye shes me tog|Father of the buddha Bodhyaṅgapuṣpa.
ye shes me tog|Attendant of the buddha Dharmacchattra.
ye shes me tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vidhijña.
ye shes mkha' 'gro ma|“Wisdom Ḍākinī,” one of the five ḍākinīs associated with the five buddha families.
ye shes mtha' yas bsgrags pa|A buddha.
ye shes mtha' yas rnam par bsags pa|A buddha (“He in Whom Infinite Wisdom Is Amassed”).
ye shes mtho ba'i rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
ye shes mthong ba|A buddha.
ye shes mthong ba|The Nibandhana explains that awareness itself is vision, as it functions as direct perception.
ye shes mthong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānaruci.
ye shes mthu rtsal sbyin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candana.
ye shes mthu rtsal|Mother of the buddha Dharmavikrāmin.
ye shes nam mkha' lta bur chags pa med pa'i dpal gyi rgyal mtshan rgyal po|A buddha in a realm in the downward direction.
ye shes nga ro|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sudhana.
ye shes nga ro|The 765th buddha in the first list, 764th in the second list, and 754th in the third list.
ye shes nges|Attendant of the buddha Anindita.
ye shes nyan 'dod|Attendant of the buddha Jñānaprāpta.
ye shes nyi ma'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva in the distant past.
ye shes nyi ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
ye shes nyi ma|The 257th buddha in the first list, 256th in the second list, and 256th in the third list.
ye shes phra ba la dga' ba|A goddess present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ye shes phun sum tshogs pa'i bsod nams 'od|A night goddess in a world in the eastern direction in a past kalpa. A previous life of the night goddess Praśanta ruta sāgara vatī.
ye shes phung po gzi brjid 'phags ldan|Mother of the buddha Sulocana.
ye shes phung po|A bodhisattva present in the circle around Śākyamuni.
ye shes phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇidharman (319 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes phyag rgya|Lit. “wisdom seal,” a visualized consort. Also rendered here as “jñānamudrā.”
ye shes rab gnas|A buddha.
ye shes rab rdzogs|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes rab rib med pa de bzhin gshegs pa'i sgron ma|“The Tathāgata Lamp of Unclouded Wisdom.” The name of a ray of light.
ye shes rab tu brtan pa'i 'od gzer gyi dra ba'i gzugs kyi phung po|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes rab tu gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānaruta.
ye shes rdo rje'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ye shes rdo rje'i rgya mtsho|A buddha.
ye shes rdo rje'i ri bo|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
ye shes rgya mtshos 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ye shes rgya mtsho|A buddha.
ye shes rgya mtsho|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prāṇītajñāna.
ye shes rgya mtsho|The 713th buddha in the first list, 712th in the second list, and 702nd in the third list.
ye shes rgyal ba|A buddha from the south.
ye shes rgyal mtshan kun tu dpal|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ye shes rgyal mtshan tog|A bodhisattva.
ye shes rgyal mtshan|Father of the buddha Sugandha.
ye shes rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Śaśin.
ye shes rgyal po|The 626th buddha in the first list, 625th in the second list, and 618th in the third list.
ye shes ri bo'i 'od chos kyi dbyings su snang ba'i gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes ri bo'i blo|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ye shes ri bo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānaruci.
ye shes rin chen|The 905th buddha in the first list, 904th in the second list, and 895th in the third list.
ye shes rin po che'i 'od kun tu 'phro ba'i dpal yon tan dpal gyi rgyal po|A buddha in the distant past. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3239 .
ye shes rin po che'i me tog rnam par rtse ba'i dbyangs can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sūrya.
ye shes ri|A temple on Mount Gośṛṅga.
ye shes rnam 'byed nga ro|The 985th buddha in the first list, 984th in the second list, and 975th in the third list.
ye shes rnam lta|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Nāgabhuja.
ye shes rnam par 'phrul pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Brahmasvara.
ye shes rnam par 'thor|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
ye shes rnam par bsgrags pa'i go cha|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes rnam par bsgrags|A buddha.
ye shes rnam par bsgrags|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes rnam par grags|Birthplace of the buddha Suśītala.
ye shes rnam par nges|Birthplace of the buddha Suvrata.
ye shes rnam par sems|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes rnam par sgrogs|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānaruci.
ye shes rnam par snang ba'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
ye shes rnam par snang ba|A śrāvaka in the distant past.
ye shes rnam par sprul|Birthplace of the buddha Puṇyadhvaja.
ye shes rtogs par byed|Birthplace of the buddha Bodhirāja.
ye shes rtse mo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Maruttejas.
ye shes sbas pa'i dpal|A buddha.
ye shes sde|Tibetan prolific translator who was active during the late eighth and early ninth centuries. He participated in the translation of more than two hundred texts.
ye shes sde|Chief editor of the translation program based in Samyé Monastery from the late eighth to early ninth century in Tibet. He was from the Nanam ({sna nam}) clan, and so is often called Nanam Yeshé Dé.
ye shes sde|A prolific Tibetan translator-editor who worked on many translations at Samyé, Tibet, during the reigns of the Tibetan kings Tri Songdetsen (ca. 742–800), Tri Desongtsen (r. 800–815), and Tri Ralpachen (ca. 806–838)
ye shes sde|A famous Tibetan translator and monk of the eighth to the ninth century, he translated into Tibetan and revised, in collaboration with various Indian scholars, more than two hundred and fifty texts of the Kangyur and Tengyur.
ye shes sde|A prolific Tibetan translator in the eighth and ninth centuries. He was one of the twenty-five disciples of Guru Rinpoche, and he assisted with the translation of more than three hundred texts that now appear in the Kangyur and Tengyur.
ye shes sde|Yeshé Dé (late eighth to early ninth century) was the most prolific translator of sūtras into Tibetan. Altogether he is credited with the translation of more than one hundred sixty sūtra translations and more than one hundred additional translations, mostly on tantric topics. In spite of Yeshé Dé’s great importance for the propagation of Buddhism in Tibet during the imperial era, only a few biographical details about this figure are known. Later sources describe him as a student of the Indian teacher Padmasambhava, and he is also credited with teaching both sūtra and tantra widely to students of his own.
ye shes sems dpa'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
ye shes sems dpa'|The deity that merges with and empowers its form, the samayasattva, visualized by the practitioner.
ye shes seng ge'i dpal gyi rgyal mtshan rgyal po|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ye shes sgron ma|Birthplace of the buddha Sujñāna.
ye shes sgron ma|One of the ten absorptions of the bodhisattvas.
ye shes sgron ma|Lit. “knowledge firebrand.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ye shes sgron|Birthplace of the buddha Brahmaketu.
ye shes sgrub pa|Transcendental practice, as opposed to practice at an earlier stage.
ye shes shin tu rnam par dag pa'i me tog snang ba|A buddha in the distant past
ye shes shugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vratasthita (854 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes skar mda' snang ba'i rgyal po|A buddha in a world in the eastern direction in the past.
ye shes skar mda'|Father of the buddha Sujñāna.
ye shes sman|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes snang ba sbyin pa|Mother of the buddha Ojastejas.
ye shes snang ba'i 'od kyi gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Ābhāsaraśmi.
ye shes snang ba'i gzi brjid|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
ye shes snang bas rnam par gnon pa'i seng ge|A buddha in the distant past.
ye shes snang ba|A buddha countless eons in the past.
ye shes snang ba|Birthplace of the buddha Varabodhigati.
ye shes snying po|The sūtra’s Tibetan translator.
ye shes snying po|Mother of the buddha Jñānaprāpta.
ye shes snying po|The Tibetan translator of this discourse.
ye shes snying po|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
ye shes snying po|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
ye shes spo'i 'od 'phro sprin|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
ye shes spos kyi dpal|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes spos|A buddha realm.
ye shes spyan|The thirteenth bodhisattva level.
ye shes spyod yul|A buddha.
ye shes stobs byed bkod pa'i rgyal po|Attendant of the buddha Akṣobhyavarṇa.
ye shes stobs mchog ldan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sumedhas.
ye shes stobs|A buddha countless eons in the past.
ye shes stobs|Mother of the buddha Pratibhānagaṇa.
ye shes stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Marudadhipa.
ye shes stob|Attendant of the buddha Nakṣatrarāja.
ye shes ta la la|A tathāgata.
ye shes thams cad yang dag par 'phags pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
ye shes thob|Mother of the buddha Jñānakrama.
ye shes tog gi rgyal mtshan|The name that Siṃha and his five hundred attendants will take when they become buddhas in the future, according to the Buddha’s prophecy. This name varies significantly in the Chinese versions of Siṃha’s Questions (see verse 48 and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-044-001.html#UT22084-044-001-171 ).
ye shes tog|Father of the buddha Jñānakūṭa.
ye shes tog|Name of the fifty-first meditative stability.
ye shes tog|A buddha who comes to Śākyamuni’s buddha field.
ye shes tog|Lit. “knowledge victory banner.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
ye shes tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānākara.
ye shes tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa (109 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
ye shes tshogs can|A great bodhisattva.
ye shes tshogs|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmadhvaja.
ye shes tshogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vratatapas.
ye shes ud pa la'i dpal|A buddha.
ye shes yang dag 'phags pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Satyabhāṇin.
ye shes yang dag 'phags|Attendant of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
ye shes yang dag 'phags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Laḍitakrama.
ye shes yon tan 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pratibhānagaṇa.
ye shes zil gyis gnon pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Harivaktra.
ye shes|Specifically refers to an awakened being’s wisdom. Also translated as “transcendental wisdom,” “original wakefulness,” and so forth.
ye shes|Also known as “pristine awareness,” “primordial wisdom,” “primordial awareness,” “gnosis,” or the like. Typically refers to nonconceptual or unobscured states of knowledge.
ye shes|This term denotes the modality of buddha mind. Although all sentient beings possess the potential for actualizing gnosis within their mental continuum, the psychological confusions and deluded tendencies which defile the mind obstruct the natural expression of these inherent potentials, making them appear instead as aspects of mundane consciousness.
ye shes|Although the Sanskrit term jñāna can refer to knowledge in a general sense, it is often used in Buddhist texts to refer to the mode of awareness of a realized being. In contrast to ordinary knowledge, which mistakenly perceives phenomena as real entities having real properties, wisdom perceives the emptiness of phenomena, their lack of intrinsic essence.
ye shes|This term denotes the mode of awareness of a realized being. Although all sentient beings possess the potential for actualizing transcendental knowledge within their mind streams, mental obscurations make them appear instead as aspects of mundane consciousness. Also known as “pristine awareness,” “primordial wisdom,” “primordial awareness,” “gnosis,” or the like.
ye shes|The term jñāna is formed by the root jñā, meaning “to know,” “to know of,” “to understand,” “to be aware of,” with the addition of the pratyaya lyuṭ, which can be interpreted as having different values (the instrument of awareness, its agent, or the action of awareness). We have chosen “awareness” as it was the only that seemed to fit for two important (and not unrelated) contexts wherein jñāna is used: awareness of something, and nonobjective, nonconceptual awareness. In Tibetan the two senses are sometimes distinguished by using {shes pa} and {ye shes}, respectively, but the distinction in the usage of these two terms is not clearly marked in works that are translations from the Sanskrit, and hence it is less relevant for the Kangyur than it may be for indigenous Tibetan works. The nature of jñāna and its relationship with “wisdom” (prajñā) is the topic of one of the chapters of the Abhidharmakośa https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4089.html and is also thematized in a number of Mahāyāna sūtras and śāstras.
yi dags 'jig rten|The realm of the dead or the ghosts, where Yama, the Lord of Death, is the ruler and judges the dead. Yama is also said to rule over the hells. This term is also the name of the Vedic afterlife inhabited by the ancestors (Skt. pitṛ). The Pāli commentarial tradition, and possibly other early Buddhist schools, identified Yama’s domain (Pāli yamavisaya) with the realm of the pretas (Pāli petaloka).
yi dags grul bum|A class of beings said to dwell in the east under the jurisdiction of the great king Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
yi dags lhag gnas|One of the two melāpakas.
yi dags|Literally “the departed,” and analogous to the ancestral spirits of the Vedic tradition, the pitṛs, who starve without the offerings of descendants. They live in the realm of Yama, the Lord of Death. In Buddhism they are said to suffer intensely, particularly from hunger and thirst.
yi dags|Literally “the departed” and analogous to the ancestral spirits of the Vedic tradition, the pitṛs, who starve without the offerings of descendants. In Buddhism they are said to suffer intensely, particularly from hunger and thirst, and their realm is one of the three or four unfortunate realms of rebirth.
yi dags|The sprits of the dead, roughly analogous to the pitṛs, the term from which preta is derived. In Buddhism the pretas are a class of beings that belong to the lower realms of rebirth and suffer from moderate to extreme hunger and want as the karmic result of negative actions based on craving, hatred, and attachment.
yi dags|Literally “the departed” and analagous to the ancestral spirits of the Vedic tradition, the pitṛs, who starve without the offerings of descendants. They live in the realm of Yama, the Lord of Death, analogous to the underworld of Pluto in Greek mythology. In Buddhism they are said to suffer intensely, particularly from hunger and thirst.
yi dags|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, considered to be the karmic fruition of past miserliness. In Sanskrit, literally “the departed”; they are analagous to the ancestral spirits of Vedic tradition, the pitṛs, who starve without the offerings of descendants. They live in the realm of Yama, the Lord of Death. They are particularly known to suffer from great hunger and thirst and the inability to acquire sustenance.
yi dags|The Sanskrit preta literally means “departed” and generally refers to the spirits of the dead. More specifically in Buddhism, it refers to a class of sentient beings who belong to the lower or unfortunate rebirth-destinies and who suffer from moderate to extreme dearth and want as a karmic result of negative actions based on craving, hatred, and attachment (see Exposition of Karma, Toh 338, folio 281.ahttps://read.84000.co/translation/toh338.html). The common English rendering “hungry ghost” is a literal translation of the Chinese translation of preta, 餓鬼 e gui.
yi dgas|A class of sentient beings constantly suffering from hunger and thirst. They also represent one of the six realms of rebirth.
yi dwags|A class of sentient beings constantly suffering from hunger and thirst, one of the six (or five) possible realms of rebirth.
yi dwags|A class of beings who, in the Buddhist tradition, are particularly known to suffer from hunger and thirst and the inability to acquire sustenance.
yi dwags|Also called a “hungry ghost,” an inhabitant of one of the three lower realms who suffers constantly from insatiable hunger and thirst, the karmic fruition of past miserliness. See “five destinies.”
yi dwags|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, considered to be the karmic fruition of past miserliness. They are particularly known to suffer from great hunger and thirst and the inability to acquire sustenance.
yi dwags|Literally “the departed” and analogous to the ancestral spirits of Vedic tradition, the pitṛs, who starve without the offerings of descendants. They live in the realm of Yama, the Lord of Death. In Buddhism, they are said to suffer intensely, particularly from hunger and thirst.
yi dwags|One of the five or six classes of sentient beings, considered to be the karmic fruition of past miserliness. In Sanskrit, literally “the departed”; they are analagous to the ancestral spirits of Vedic tradition, the pitṛs, who starve without the offerings of descendants. They live in the realm of Yama, the Lord of Death. They are particularly known to suffer from great hunger and thirst and the inability to acquire sustenance.
yi ge dang bral ba|Name of the sixty-third meditative stability.
yi ge dang bral ba|Lit. “without syllables.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
yi ge dbye tshig|One of ten different kinds of verbal phrase or statement (Skt. pada) mentioned in this text.
yi ge drug pa'i rig pa chen po|Oṁ maṇipadme hūṁ. This appears to be a vocative call to Avalokiteśvara under the name of Maṇipadma (see Introduction, https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-004.html#UT22084-051-004-23 ). Ṣadakṣarī (q.v.) is also the name of the four-armed goddess who personifies the mantra.
yi ge drug pa|Ṣadakṣarī (q.v.) is also the name of the four-armed goddess who personifies the mantra. See “six-syllable mahāvidyā.”
yi ge drug pa|The four armed goddess who is the embodiment of the six-syllable mantra. Though female in Sanskrit, it is translated into Tibetan as a male name.
yi ge gnyis|A dvandva compound signifying (in this text) linguistic expression in general and the basic components of the Sanskrit alphabet in particular.
yi ge gsum|It is not clear which syllables are meant.
yi ge mnyam par 'god pa|Name of the sixty-second meditative stability.
yi ge mnyam par 'god pa|Lit. “sets down all syllables the same.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
yid 'byung ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yid 'dzin|Son of the buddha Siṃhagati.
yid 'jam pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Laḍitagāmin.
yid 'ong 'dod|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Mahāpriya.
yid 'ong blo 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arhaddeva (136) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid 'ong blo gros|Mother of the buddha Anihata.
yid 'ong byin|Mother of the buddha Manoratha.
yid 'ong bzang po|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yid 'ong dbyangs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Durjaya.
yid 'ong dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratibhāna rāṣṭra (768 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid 'ong dbyangs|Gandharva king present at the teaching of the sūtra. Also present at the teaching of the Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra (http://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-004.html).
yid 'ong dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Kṣemapriya.
yid 'ong dga'|Name of a buddha realm in the east where the buddha King of the Summit of Power of the Victory Banner resides.
yid 'ong grags pa'i rgyal mtshan|Son of the buddha Caitraka.
yid 'ong grags pa|Father of the buddha Mokṣavrata.
yid 'ong grags|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇadhvaja (40 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid 'ong gsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Arthavādin.
yid 'ong gsung|The 637th buddha in the first list, 636th in the second list, and 629th in the third list.
yid 'ong gzi brjid|Father of the buddha Priyābha.
yid 'ong gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Avabhāsadarśin.
yid 'ong gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jagadīśvara.
yid 'ong gzi brjid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mālādhārin (29 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid 'ong gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ketudhvaja (812 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid 'ong ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Sughoṣa.
yid 'ong me tog|Mother of the buddha Viśvadeva.
yid 'ong mig|Mother of the buddha Netra.
yid 'ong mthong|Birthplace of the buddha Ojobala.
yid 'ong mthu rtsal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ketudhvaja.
yid 'ong nga ro|Attendant of the buddha Dṛḍhavrata.
yid 'ong sdug pa|Son of the buddha Aśoka.
yid 'ong sems pa 'dod|Attendant of the buddha Bodhana.
yid 'ong sems pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śūra.
yid 'ong sems|Mother of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
yid 'ong sems|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vidyutketu.
yid 'ong sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍhavrata (95 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid 'ong spos|Mother of the buddha Gandhahastin.
yid 'ong zla ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śodhita (891 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid 'ong|Son of the buddha Maṅgalin.
yid 'ong|Mother of the buddha Gautama.
yid 'ong|A lay brother living in Nādikā.
yid 'ong|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhagati.
yid 'ong|A river in Engaging in Clarification.
yid 'ong|The name of a buddha mentioned in the teaching.
yid 'phrog ma|A kinnarī.
yid 'phrog ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
yid 'phrog ma|Mother of the buddha Vikrīḍitāvin.
yid 'phrog ma|‟She Who Captivates the Mind,” one of the eight great yakṣiṇīs.
yid 'phrog|A nāga king.
yid 'phrog|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
yid 'thad dpal|Mother of the buddha Vidhijña.
yid 'thad gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Muni (8 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid 'thad mtshan mthong|Mother of the buddha Mokṣavrata.
yid 'thad|A present buddha.
yid 'thad|Father of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
yid 'thad|Attendant of the buddha Viśiṣṭa svarāṅga.
yid bde ba mngon du 'gyur ba|A town and region in South India in chapters 53 and 55. In chapter 53 it is translated as {yid bzang po'i sgo}, and in chapter 55 as {yi bde ba mngon du 'gyur ba}.
yid bde bar 'bab pa|A river on Saṅkāśa.
yid bde ba|A world system in the southern direction.
yid bde ba|(1) A forest in Living by Rājanina ({yid dga'}). (2) A mountain in the eastern sea between Jambudvīpa and Videha ({yid bde ba}).
yid bde skyes|Son of the buddha Asaṅga.
yid bral|A buddha realm.
yid bzang ma|One of the subtle channels in the body.
yid bzang ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yid bzang po'i sgo|A town and region in South India in chapters 53 and 55. In chapter 53 it is translated as {yid bzang po'i sgo}, and in chapter 55 as {yi bde ba mngon du 'gyur ba}.
yid bzangs|A yakṣa king.
yid bzangs|A bodhisattva.
yid bzangs|Birthplace of the buddha Varuṇa.
yid bzangs|Father of the buddha Muktiskandha.
yid bzangs|A future buddha.\nNot to be confused with the Buddha’s previous incarnation Sumati.
yid bzangs|The 77th buddha in the first list, 77th in the second list, and 78th in the third list.
yid bzang|The middle channel above the navel.
yid bzang|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yid bzang|A future buddha.\nNot to be confused with the Buddha’s previous incarnation Sumati.
yid bzhin 'byor pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānarata (898 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid bzhin gyi nor bu|A gem or jewel that grants the fulfillment of all one could desire.
yid bzhin mdzes 'gyur|A queen of Rāhu, king of asuras.
yid bzhin sna tshogs|(1) A lake near Sudharma ({bsams 'gro}). (2) A lotus pool in Lateral ({yid bzhin sna tshogs}).
yid bzhin|An upāsikā in South India.
yid bzhungs pa|A term describing the quality of a being’s intellect.
yid dbang shin tu zhi ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Praśānta.
yid dga' bar byed pa|The buddha field of the Buddha King Who Transcends the Light of Mount Meru.
yid dga' ma|Mother of the buddha Mokṣatejas.
yid dga'|Birthplace of the buddha Subāhu.
yid dga'|Mother of the buddha Mahāsthāman.
yid dga'|(1) A forest in Living by Rājanina ({yid dga'}). (2) A mountain in the eastern sea between Jambudvīpa and Videha ({yid bde ba}).
yid du 'ong ba'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Rāhu.
yid du 'ong ba'i 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
yid du 'ong ba'i bzhin|An eminent daughter in Dhanyākara.
yid du 'ong ba'i dbyangs can|Birthplace of the buddha Nandeśvara.
yid du 'ong ba'i dbyangs dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Ghoṣasvara.
yid du 'ong ba'i dbyangs kyi dbang phyug rgyal po|Mother of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
yid du 'ong ba'i dbyangs|Mother of the buddha Gaṇiprabhāsa.
yid du 'ong ba'i dbyangs|Attendant of the buddha Nandeśvara.
yid du 'ong ba'i dbyangs|Birthplace of the buddha Anantayaśas.
yid du 'ong ba'i dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Daśaraśmi.
yid du 'ong ba'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Girīndrakalpa (624 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid du 'ong ba'i dri|A world system.
yid du 'ong ba'i gzi brjid|Birthplace of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.
yid du 'ong ba'i nga ro|Son of the buddha Anindita.
yid du 'ong ba'i nga ro|Attendant of the buddha Ūrṇāvat.
yid du 'ong ba'i nga ro|Mother of the buddha Siddhārtha.
yid du 'ong ba'i nga ro|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amoghavikramin.
yid du 'ong ba'i sgra mngon par bsgrags pa|Literally “The Resounding of Beautiful Sounds.” It is the name of the future eon in which Ānanda will attain buddhahood.
yid du 'ong bar gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Asita.
yid du 'ong bas byin|Mother of the buddha Supakṣa.
yid du 'ong bas byin|Birthplace of the buddha Devaruta.
yid du 'ong ba|Nāga king.
yid du 'ong ba|Gandharva king present at the teaching of the sūtra.
yid du 'ong ba|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the kinnara kings.
yid du 'ong byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ojobala.
yid du 'ong ma|One of the seven yakṣiṇīs.
yid du 'ong|A south Indian king, contemporary of Mahendra, identified as the Cālukya king Pulakeśin II.
yid du 'thad pa|Birthplace of the buddha Manojñavākya.
yid du 'thad pa|The 291st buddha in the first list, 290th in the second list, and 290th in the third list.
yid gnyis 'dod|Mother of the buddha Maticintin.
yid gnyis 'joms|A great bodhisattva present at this discourse.
yid gnyis 'joms|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vairocana (21 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid gnyis can|A buddha realm.
yid gnyis las 'das pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnābhacandra (731 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid gnyis las yang dag par 'das pa|A king; A former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
yid gnyis mnan|A buddha realm.
yid gnyis rnam gnon|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Mahauṣadhi (527 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid gnyis rnam par 'joms|A great bodhisattva.
yid gnyis rnam par 'thor ba'i gzi brjid phrug gu|Father of the buddha Amoghagāmin.
yid gnyis rnam par sel ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
yid gnyis sel mdzad|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vimatijaha (226 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid gnyis shin tu 'joms pa|A bodhisatva great being.
yid gnyis spong ba po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maṇiviśuddha (961 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid gnyis spong ba|Mother of the buddha Tīrthakara.
yid gnyis spong ba|The 227th buddha in the first list, 226th in the second list, and 226th in the third list.
yid gnyis spong|A bodhisattva.
yid gnyis spong|Son of the buddha Mahāyaśas.
yid gnyis spong|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmacchattra.
yid gnyis spong|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dṛḍhakrama (60 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid gnyis thams cad yang dag bcom|A great bodhisattva.
yid gnyis thams cad yang dag par 'joms 'byung|A buddha.
yid gnyis yang dag sel ba|A bodhisattva whose name appears only in the Sanskrit of this text (see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-051-002.html#UT22084-051-002-17 ).
yid grub|A world system.
yid gtod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Suśītala (896 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yid gzhungs ma|One of the four retinue goddesses of Mahāsarasvatī.
yid gzhungs|Son of the buddha Jñānākara.
yid kyi khams|Sixteenth of the eighteen sensory elements.
yid kyi khams|The sphere of the mind or intellect, all that appears to the mind that isn’t one of the five sense objects. Also translated here as “objects of the mind.”
yid kyi las thams cad ye shes sngon du 'gro zhing ye shes kyi rjes su 'brang ba|Fifteenth or eighteenth of the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.
yid kyi rgyan|One of the twenty-seven realms of the Heaven Free from Strife.
yid kyi rjes su 'thun pa|(1) A forest on Encircled by White Clouds. (2) A mountain in Kuru.
yid kyi rnam gsum|The three sinful or nonvirtuous mental actions, namely being covetous, being malicious, and holding perverted views. Their counterparts are the three wholesome or virtuous mental actions. These are the following: not being covetous, not being malicious, and not holding perverted beliefs.
yid kyi rnam par shes pa'i khams|One of the eighteen constituents.
yid kyi rnam par shes pa'i khams|Eighteenth of the eighteen sensory elements.
yid kyi rnam par shes pa|Just as the five sense cognitions occur on the basis of the five sense faculties, mental cognition is the cognition that occurs on the basis of the mind faculty.
yid kyi rnam par shes pa|This is also known as the sixth consciouness and is the last of the eighteen elements. The Abhidharma speaks of five consciousnesses that grasp physical objects (form, sound, smells, tastes, bodily sensations) and are correlated with their respective physical sense faculties (indriya, {dbang po}), i.e. the eye, ear, etc. The mind consciousness, on the other hand, is said to have as its faculty simply the mind (manas, {yid}). It grasps all that exists, including what is presented by the physical consciousnesses as well as mental and abstract objects. These six consciousnesses, added to the twelve sense sources, constitute the Abhidharma schema of eighteen elements (dhātu, {khams}).
yid kyi skye mched|Sixth of the twelve sense fields.
yid kyis brtags pa|City in the Heaven of Joy.
yid kyis dpyod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
yid kyis sems pa yongs su tshim par byed|Mother of the buddha Yaśas.
yid la bsam pa|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
yid la byed pa|To direct one’s attention to an object for a period of time.
yid la mi byed pa|To not conceptually engage or even direct the mind toward an object of perception.
yid la sems pa'i zas|One of the four kinds of food.
yid las byung ba|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
yid las byung|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yid las skyes ma|One of the chief vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
yid ldan ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the great yakṣiṇīs.
yid ldan|One of the nāga kings.
yid ldan|Mother of the buddha Prabhūta.
yid ltar mgyogs|One of the garuḍa kings.
yid ma 'khrugs|Son of the buddha Akṣobhya.
yid mang ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yid mgyogs ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi.
yid mi skyo|Attendant of the buddha Brahmagāmin.
yid rtse gcig|The mind focused one-pointedly.
yid sbyangs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ratnārci.
yid smon|Son of the buddha Raśmi.
yid srub|One of the epithets of Kāmadeva, the god of love.
yid tshim byed|Birthplace of the buddha Maticintin.
yid tshim par mdzad pa rtsal rab grags pa'i dpal|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Joyful Renowned Diamond.
yid zhi|Attendant of the buddha Gaṇin.
yid|The faculty that perceives mental phenomena.
yid|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
yid|Regarding the term “thought” as a translation for the Sanskrit manas, see Schmithausen 2014.
yig gcig pa|An epithet of deities, such as Mañjuśrī or Yamāntaka, whose mantras consists of a single syllable (ekākṣara).
yo byad bsnyungs pa|The Tibetan means literally “the lessening of requisites.”
yo byad la dbang ba|Missing from the Tibetan translation. Appears in the list of ten powers of bodhisattvas that prevent ten calamities that beings are susceptible to. This refers to being able to supply beings with what they need. The tshig mdzod chen mo (Chinese–Tibetan dictionary) even defines it in accordance with this passage.
yod pa pa|One of the sages (ṛṣi).
yol go thogs pa|A class of gods associated with the Four Great Kings.
yol khang|An acceptable form of shelter for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
yon can nges pa|The name of a royal capital in the southern region in the distant future.
yon gyi rabs gdon par gsol|A litany chanted by the monastic saṅgha as a way of giving thanks and recognizing the merit generated by a donation or alms. cf. ’dul ba’i mdo, D 261, F.80.b.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4117.html
yon mtha' yas 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
yon po'i sgo|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twelfth week.
yon po|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yon po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
yon rabs|A litany chanted by the monastic saṅgha as a way of giving thanks and recognizing the merit generated by a donation or alms. cf. ’dul ba’i mdo, D 261, F.80.b.https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4117.html
yon tan 'bum phrag bkod par snang ba|Birthplace of the buddha Sulocana.
yon tan 'bum phrag snyed 'chang ba'i gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Sthitārtha buddhi.
yon tan 'byung ba|The name of an eon in which the Buddha King of the Sound of a Thousand Thunderclaps resides.
yon tan 'byung gnas|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
yon tan 'byung gnas|Attendant of the buddha Vipulabuddhi.
yon tan 'byung gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Ananta guṇa tejorāśi.
yon tan 'byung gnas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vigatatamas.
yon tan 'byung gnas|The 286th buddha in the first list, 285th in the second list, and 285th in the third list.
yon tan 'byung gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnārci (355 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan 'dod|Mother of the buddha Mahāraśmi.
yon tan 'dzin|Mother of the buddha Viniścitamati.
yon tan 'khor yug dpal gyi rgyal|The forty-eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Guṇa cakravāla śiri rāja.
yon tan 'khor|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan 'od 'phro ba|The 101st buddha in the first list, 101st in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
yon tan 'od 'phro can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arciṣmat.
yon tan 'od 'phro|Mother of the buddha Guṇabala.
yon tan 'od bzangs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
yon tan 'od bzang|Mother of the buddha Guṇatejoraśmi.
yon tan 'od gsal ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
yon tan 'od gsal|The 201st buddha in the first list, 200th in the second list, and 200th in the third list.
yon tan 'od gzer rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan 'od zer gzi brjid|The 769th buddha in the first list, 768th in the second list, and 758th in the third list.
yon tan 'od zer|Mother of the buddha Raśmirāja.
yon tan 'od|Mother of the buddha Vigatatamas.
yon tan 'od|Father of the buddha Guṇatejoraśmi.
yon tan 'od|Attendant of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
yon tan 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍha.
yon tan 'od|The 510th buddha in the first list, 510th in the second list, and 503rd in the third list.
yon tan 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Kusumadatta (243 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan 'phel|Attendant of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
yon tan 'phrul|Father of the buddha Rāhugupta.
yon tan bdag nyid|Son of the buddha Surūpa.
yon tan bdag|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan bden 'dzin ma|Mother of the buddha Viraja.
yon tan bden|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Yaśomitra.
yon tan bdud rtsi|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sugaṇin (453 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan bkod pa mtha' yas pa|Attendant of the buddha Jñānapriya.
yon tan bkod pa po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Atula pratibhāna rāja (974 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan bkod pa'i dpal kun tu snang ba|A buddha who resides in the eastern buddha realm called Tiers of Purification.
yon tan bkod pa'i lus|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnapāṇi.
yon tan bkod pa|An eon following the eon called Great Renown, during which time 84,000 queens of the universal monarch Vast Mind (a previous incarnation of the buddha Dīpaṅkara) will awaken to buddhahood.
yon tan bkod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Druma (85 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan blo gros|Mother of the buddha Maṇivyūha.
yon tan blo gros|Attendant of the buddha Sunetra.
yon tan blo|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Lokacandra (387 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan brgya'i spos 'od ma|Mother of the buddha Gandhatejas.
yon tan brgyad kyi chu|The eight qualities of water: (1) sweet-tasting; (2) cool; (3) soft; (4) light; (5) transparent; (6) clean; (7) not harmful to the throat; and (8) beneficial to the stomach.
yon tan brgyan pa|Mother of the buddha Gambhīramati.
yon tan brgyan|Mother of the buddha Tejasprabha.
yon tan brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
yon tan brgyan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arciṣmati.
yon tan brtsegs pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnacūḍa.
yon tan brtsegs pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānakūṭa.
yon tan brtsegs pa|The 337th buddha in the first list, 336th in the second list, and 331st in the third list.
yon tan brtsegs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śuddhasāgara.
yon tan brtson 'grus|The 945th buddha in the first list, 944th in the second list, and 935th in the third list.
yon tan bsags|Son of the buddha Brahmadeva.
yon tan bsags|Mother of the buddha Kusumaparvata.
yon tan bsags|The 390th buddha in the first list, 389th in the second list, and 383rd in the third list.
yon tan bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i 'od|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
yon tan bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i dpal|A buddha.
yon tan bsam pa can|Mother of the buddha Jñānakrama.
yon tan bsod nams 'phags|A bodhisattva.
yon tan bsrung|The 418th buddha in the first list, 417th in the second list, and 411th in the third list.
yon tan bstsags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
yon tan bu|Mother of the buddha Kuśalaprabha.
yon tan byin|A buddha.
yon tan byin|Son of the buddha Mahādatta.
yon tan byin|Mother of the buddha Mālādhārin.
yon tan bzhed|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Prajñāna vihāsa svara (757 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan can|A buddha realm.
yon tan can|Attendant of the buddha Vigatamala.
yon tan can|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇadharma.
yon tan can|Son of the buddha Atula pratibhāna rāja.
yon tan che phra 'dzin pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kṣemaṃkara.
yon tan chen po'i gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Guṇadharma.
yon tan chen po|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Truth.
yon tan dag gis brgyan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
yon tan dag gis brtse ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gaṇimukha.
yon tan dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇagupta.
yon tan dbang mtshungs|The 543rd buddha in the first list, 543rd in the second list, and 536th in the third list.
yon tan dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
yon tan dbang po blo gros|Mother of the buddha Guṇendrakalpa.
yon tan dbang po gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sarva vara guṇa prabha.
yon tan dbang po|Father of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
yon tan dbang po|Attendant of the buddha Sarva vara guṇa prabha.
yon tan dbyangs dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ghoṣadatta.
yon tan dbyig|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vikrīḍita (275 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan dga' ba|Mother of the buddha Jyotiṣka.
yon tan dga' ba|Son of the buddha Atyuccagāmin.
yon tan dga'|Mother of the buddha Guṇakūṭa.
yon tan dga'|Son of the buddha Mahāpraṇāda.
yon tan dga'|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dyutimat.
yon tan dkar po spyod pa|A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods.
yon tan dmigs pa byin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bhāgīrathi (654 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan don|Father of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna ketu.
yon tan dpag tu med pa bkod pa'i gzi brjid|The name of a world system in the above direction.
yon tan dpag tu med pa bkod pa|The buddha realm of Amitāyus, the name of the realm here indicating that the buddha referred to is Aparimitāyurjñāna, rather than Amitābha of Sukhāvatī.
yon tan dpag tu med pa la sogs pa|The buddha realm of Aparimitāyus, located in the upward direction from our world. The name means “Accumulation of Immeasurable Qualities.”
yon tan dpag tu med pa mnga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
yon tan dpag tu med pa sogs pa|The buddha realm of Aparimitāyus, located in the upward direction from our world. The name means “Accumulation of Immeasurable Qualities.”
yon tan dpag tu med pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śrī.
yon tan dpag tu med pa'i dpal|A buddha.
yon tan dpag tu med pa|A buddha from the past.
yon tan dpal gyi snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
yon tan dpal gyi snying po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Puṣpadatta (429 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan dpal snang|A great bodhisattva.
yon tan dpal|Mother of the buddha Guṇagupta.
yon tan gdangs snyan ma|Mother of the buddha Yajñasvara.
yon tan gnas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kṛtārtha.
yon tan gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Janendrarāja (965 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan grags pa 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śaśin.
yon tan grags pa thogs pa med pa'i rnam par thar pa'i 'od kyi rgyal po|A buddha in a realm in the upward direction.
yon tan grags pa'i dbang phyug|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mañjughoṣa.
yon tan grags par byed pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vigata mohārtha cintin.
yon tan grags pa|Son of the buddha Arthadarśin.
yon tan grags pa|Attendant of the buddha Mahātejas.
yon tan grags pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anilavegagāmin (407 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan grags|Attendant of the buddha Ratnacandra.
yon tan grags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vighuṣṭarāja.
yon tan grags|The 120th buddha in the first list, 120th in the second list, and 121st in the third list.
yon tan gsal ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arthaviniścita (151 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan gsal mchod|Mother of the buddha Vratasthita.
yon tan gsal|Attendant of the buddha Asita.
yon tan gsal|Mother of the buddha Prasannabuddhi.
yon tan gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Marudyaśas (267 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan gtso bo|Attendant of the buddha Guṇabala.
yon tan gtsug|The 812th buddha in the first list, 811th in the second list, and 801st in the third list.
yon tan gyi klung rang gi yon tan bco brgyad|Eighteen special features of a buddha’s behavior, realization, activity, and wisdom that are not shared by other beings.
yon tan gyi me tog kha rgyas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kalyāṇacūḍa.
yon tan gyi pha rol tu phyin pa|A buddha.
yon tan gyi phung po 'phags pa'i gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmadatta.
yon tan gyi rgya mtsho'i blo can nges par ston pa'i blo gros|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Akṣobhyavarṇa.
yon tan gyi rgyal po rab tu gnas pa|A buddha.
yon tan gyi rgyal po snang ba|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
yon tan gyi rgyal po spobs pa can|The buddha that the female bodhisattva Strīvivarta will one day become.
yon tan gyi rgyal por snang ba|Name of the kinnara king Druma when he awakens in the future, as prophesied by the Buddha.
yon tan gyi rjes su song ba|Mother of the buddha Arthamati.
yon tan gyi rnam pa thams cad la 'jug pa|An absorption.
yon tan gyi snying po bcu gnyis|Twelve qualities of the perfect buddha realm in which a thus-gone one attains awakening.
yon tan gyi tshogs dang ldan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
yon tan gyi tshogs kyis 'phags pa|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
yon tan gyi tshogs thams cad rab tu gnas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vimoharāja.
yon tan gyi tshogs|Attendant of the buddha Gaṇiprabhāsa.
yon tan gyi tshogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmakūṭa.
yon tan gyis brgyan pa|Birthplace of the buddha Kusumarāṣṭra.
yon tan gzhol|Attendant of the buddha Amohavihārin.
yon tan gzi brjid 'chang ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Samṛddha.
yon tan gzi brjid 'dzin pa|Mother of the buddha Guṇasañcaya.
yon tan gzi brjid dpal|The 721st buddha in the first list, 720th in the second list, and 710th in the third list.
yon tan gzi brjid ldan pa|Mother of the buddha Guṇagaṇa.
yon tan gzi brjid lta ba|Birthplace of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
yon tan gzi brjid ma|Mother of the buddha Meruyaśas.
yon tan gzi brjid mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇadharma.
yon tan gzi brjid phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anavanata (818 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan gzi brjid|Father of the buddha Guṇadharma.
yon tan gzi brjid|Attendant of the buddha Guṇatejas.
yon tan gzi brjid|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
yon tan gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vajrasena.
yon tan gzugs ldan pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śreṣṭharūpa.
yon tan gzugs ston|A bodhisattva.
yon tan kha lo sgyur ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyaraśmi.
yon tan kha lo sgyur|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sucandra.
yon tan khor yug dpal gyi sprin|The ninety-third buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Guṇa cakravāla śiri megha.
yon tan kun 'byung|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śanairgāmin.
yon tan kun dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇatejoraśmi.
yon tan kun gyi 'byung gnas|A buddha.
yon tan kun gyi 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānarata.
yon tan kun gyi mchog ma|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śāntārtha.
yon tan kun gyi rgya mtsho|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
yon tan kun gyi tshogs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇendrakalpa.
yon tan kun gyis brgyan|A buddha realm.
yon tan kun gyis mchod pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Samṛddha.
yon tan kun gyis so sor brgyan pa|A buddha.
yon tan kun la rab tu gnas|A buddha realm.
yon tan kun sbed|Son of the buddha Vigataśoka.
yon tan kun tu grags shing rnam par 'phrul par grags pa'i spobs pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Viśvadeva.
yon tan kun tu sprin|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan kun tu spyod|Attendant of the buddha Śīlaprabha.
yon tan lag|The 72nd buddha in the first list, 72nd in the second list, and 73rd in the third list.
yon tan ldan|A great bodhisattva.
yon tan ldan|Mother of the buddha Nāgadatta.
yon tan lhag|Attendant of the buddha Yaśottara.
yon tan lhun po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Laḍitagāmin (977 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan lta|Mother of the buddha Vaidyādhipa.
yon tan mchod gnas|Father of the buddha Jñānākara.
yon tan mchod rten|Son of the buddha Vajra.
yon tan mchod rten|Mother of the buddha Asamabuddhi.
yon tan mchod rten|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpa dama sthita.
yon tan mchod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṇyabāhu.
yon tan mchog 'dzin|The 140th buddha in the first list, 140th in the second list, and 140th in the third list.
yon tan mchog gis mchod pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇatejoraśmi.
yon tan mchog gsal ba|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Sudarśana.
yon tan mchog la gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmabala.
yon tan mchog ma kun gyi 'od|The 705th buddha in the first list, 704th in the second list, and 694th in the third list.
yon tan mchog ma|Son of the buddha Gambhīramati.
yon tan mchog|Father of the buddha Guṇagupta.
yon tan mchog|Son of the buddha Sarva vara guṇa prabha.
yon tan mchog|Mother of the buddha Bhavānta maṇi gandha.
yon tan mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhasvara.
yon tan mchog|The 549th buddha in the first list, 549th in the second list, and 542nd in the third list.
yon tan mdangs 'gro|Birthplace of the buddha Ojastejas.
yon tan me tog 'chang ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣpita.
yon tan me tog 'dzin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Padmakośa.
yon tan me tog dpal gyi rgyal mtshan|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
yon tan me tog lha|Father of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
yon tan me tog rgyas pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Surūpa.
yon tan me tog|Mother of the buddha Ketuprabha.
yon tan me tog|Father of the buddha Prajñāpuṣpa.
yon tan me tog|Son of the buddha Dharmacchattra.
yon tan me tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sumanā puṣpa prabha.
yon tan me tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Satyaketu (97 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan mi mtshungs grags pa'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan mig|Mother of the buddha Ketumat.
yon tan mig|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Aśokarāṣṭra.
yon tan mngon shes|Mother of the buddha Abhijñāketu.
yon tan mtha' yas 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
yon tan mtha' yas 'byung|A buddha realm.
yon tan mtha' yas 'byung|A great bodhisattva.
yon tan mtha' yas bkod pa'i dpal|A buddha.
yon tan mtha' yas bkod pa|A buddha realm.
yon tan mtha' yas bkod pa|Mother of the buddha Akṣobhyavarṇa.
yon tan mtha' yas brtson 'grus go cha|A buddha.
yon tan mtha' yas bsgrags|A great bodhisattva.
yon tan mtha' yas grags|Father of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
yon tan mtha' yas grags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Avraṇa.
yon tan mtha' yas gzi brjid phung po|The 953rd buddha in the first list, 952nd in the second list, and 943rd in the third list.
yon tan mtha' yas ldan|A buddha.
yon tan mtha' yas pa bkod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānakośa.
yon tan mtha' yas pa'i rin po che'i bsod nams bkod pas rgya che ba dang ldan pa|A buddhafield in the eastern direction where the Tathāgata Immaculate Pure Precious Light, Sovereign of the Uninterrupted Luminous Display of Dharma Endowed with the Factors of Awakening resides.
yon tan mtha' yas rgyal po rab gnas|A buddha.
yon tan mtha' yas rin chen spobs pa|(1) A tathāgata in the buddhafield in the northern direction called Fully Adorned with Jewels. (2) A tathāgata in the buddhafield in the southern direction called Buddha Courage.
yon tan mtha' yas spyad pa'i blo can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin.
yon tan mtha' yas spyod pa 'byung ba'i dpal|A buddha.
yon tan mtha' yas yongs rdzogs|A buddha realm.
yon tan mtha' yas|Son of the buddha Guṇadharma.
yon tan mtha' yas|Mother of the buddha Subuddhi.
yon tan mtha' yas|Attendant of the buddha Ratnayaśas.
yon tan mtha' yas|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇaratna.
yon tan mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nandeśvara.
yon tan mthon po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Ugradatta.
yon tan mthong|Mother of the buddha Atula pratibhāna rāja.
yon tan mthong|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Priya cakṣurvaktra.
yon tan mthu bdag|Mother of the buddha Sthāmaśrī.
yon tan mthu rtsal can|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Toṣitatejas.
yon tan mthu rtsal stobs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Candrodgata.
yon tan mthu rtsal|Birthplace of the buddha Dharmavikrāmin.
yon tan mthu rtsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Deśāmūḍha.
yon tan mthu rtsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dīptatejas (876 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan mthu stobs|The 716th buddha in the first list, 715th in the second list, and 705th in the third list.
yon tan nges pa|Birthplace of the buddha Suviniścitārtha.
yon tan nges|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dundubhi megha svara.
yon tan nor|Attendant of the buddha Kuśalaprabha.
yon tan phreng bar ldan|The 169th buddha in the first list, 168th in the second list, and 168th in the third list.
yon tan phung po 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maticintin (982 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan phung po|Son of the buddha Bhasmakrodha.
yon tan phung po|Father of the buddha Śanairgāmin.
yon tan phung po|Birthplace of the buddha Jñānaśrī.
yon tan phung po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pratibhānagaṇa.
yon tan phung po|The 212th buddha in the first list, 211th in the second list, and 211th in the third list.
yon tan phung po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnottama (494 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan phyag ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amogharaśmi (399 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan rab gnas|A buddha realm.
yon tan rab tu bskyed pa|A world system.
yon tan rdzogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ugrasena.
yon tan rdzu 'phrul mtha' yas|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
yon tan rgya chen po gzi brjid kyi 'od|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan rgya chen|The 379th buddha in the first list, 378th in the second list, and 373rd in the third list.
yon tan rgya mtsho dpal gyi sgron|A buddha in the distant past. BHS verse: Guṇa sāgaraḥ Giripradīpo. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3120
yon tan rgya mtsho dpal|The thirty-second buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Guṇa samudra śirī.
yon tan rgya mtsho snang ba'i dkyil 'khor gyi dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan rgya mtsho tshad med pa'i 'od|A buddha in a northwestern realm.
yon tan rgya mtsho|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan rgya mtsho|Attendant of the buddha Padma.
yon tan rgya mtsho|Mother of the buddha Vegadhārin.
yon tan rgya mtsho|Son of the buddha Guṇatejoraśmi.
yon tan rgya mtsho|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sarva vara guṇa prabha.
yon tan rgya mtsho|The 363rd buddha in the first list, 362nd in the second list, and 357th in the third list.
yon tan rgyal mtshan|Son of the buddha Siṃhahanu.
yon tan rgyal mtshan|Mother of the buddha Indradhvaja.
yon tan rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnacandra.
yon tan rgyal mtshan|The 39th buddha in the first list, 39th in the second list, and 40th in the third list.
yon tan rgyal po snang|The name of a bodhisattva.
yon tan rgyal po'i 'od|A buddha.
yon tan rgyal po'i 'od|A great bodhisattva.
yon tan rgyal po|A buddha.
yon tan rgyal po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Amṛtaprabha (793 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan rgyas pa|The name of an eon in which the Buddha King of Splendor Arrayed with the Glory of Precious Qualities resides.
yon tan ri bo'i gzi brjid|One of countless buddhas in a past kalpa.
yon tan ri rab dpal|The eighth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Guṇa sumeru śirī.
yon tan rin chen 'od|Mother of the buddha Samṛddhayaśas.
yon tan rin chen 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānapriya.
yon tan rin chen 'od|Name of the banker’s son Bhayadatta when he becomes a bodhisatva, according to a prophecy of the Buddha.
yon tan rin chen 'phro|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇavīrya.
yon tan rin chen bkod pa'i 'jig rten gyi khams|The name of a world system in the southern direction.
yon tan rin chen dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sucandra.
yon tan rin chen dpag tu med pa bkod pa'i gzi brjid kyi rgyal po lta bu|The name of a buddha in the eastern direction.
yon tan rin chen dpal bkod pa'i gzi brjid kyi rgyal po lta bu|The name of a buddha in the southern direction.
yon tan rin chen dpal|The name of a future buddha.
yon tan rin chen gzi brjid|Mother of the buddha Puṣpadatta.
yon tan rin chen me tog kun tu rgyas pa|The bodhisattva who requests this teaching.
yon tan rin chen me tog|Mother of the buddha Śodhita.
yon tan rin chen mngon par shes pa|Son of the buddha Tiṣya.
yon tan rin chen mtha' yas bkod pa|Lit. “infinite array of jewel-qualities.” A universe of Buddha Ratnavyūha, also mentioned in the Lalita vistara sūtra.
yon tan rin chen rgya mtsho'i blo gros|Mother of the buddha Uttīrṇapaṅka.
yon tan rin chen rnam par grags|Attendant of the buddha Keturāṣṭra.
yon tan rin chen thams cad dang ldan pa'i spobs pa'i skad|A bodhisattva.
yon tan rin chen tog 'od grags|Father of the buddha Tiṣya.
yon tan rin chen|The 277th buddha in the first list, 276th in the second list, and 276th in the third list.
yon tan rin po che brgya stong gi yan lag gi rgyal po|Birthplace of the buddha Tejorāja.
yon tan rin po che dri ma dang bral ba dpag tu med pa bkod pas brgyan pa|A buddha realm below our world where the buddha Master of the Ocean with Noble and Playful Super-knowledge resides.
yon tan rin po che mthong bas ngoms par byed pa|Birthplace of the buddha Saṃtoṣaṇa.
yon tan rin po che'i me tog kun du rgyas pa'i gzi brjid lta bu|A great bodhisattva.
yon tan rin po che'i mthu rtsal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jagatpūjita.
yon tan rin po che|Son of the buddha Prabhaṃkara.
yon tan ri|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan rnam dag snying po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
yon tan rnam par dag pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva.
yon tan rnam par lta|Son of the buddha Ratnapāṇi.
yon tan rtogs byed|Mother of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
yon tan sbas pa|A buddha.
yon tan sbed|A bodhisattva in this sūtra.
yon tan sems|Son of the buddha Kuśalaprabha.
yon tan sems|Son of the buddha Vikrāntagāmin.
yon tan sems|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Avabhāsadarśin (877 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan seng ge'i dbang po|The fourth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
yon tan sgrogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vighuṣṭatejas.
yon tan sgron ma'i mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Guṇarāśi.
yon tan sgron ma|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan sgron ma|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇakīrti.
yon tan shin tu gnas pa nor bu brtsegs pa'i rgyal po|“King Jewel Mound Full of Enduring Qualities.” The name that Mahā sthāmaprāpta will have when he becomes a tathāgata. The Sanskrit name is attested in the Karuṇā puṇḍarīka sūtra, but in the Tibetan translation of that text it is rendered as {rab tu brtan pa yon tan nor bu brtsegs pa'i rgyal po}.
yon tan shin tu yongs su dag pa rab tu gnas pa|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Glory of Immeasurable Qualities.
yon tan smra ba|Mother of the buddha Ratnatejas.
yon tan smra|Mother of the buddha Pratibhāna rāṣṭra.
yon tan snang ba'i sems|Attendant of the buddha Siddhi.
yon tan snang bar byed pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmabala.
yon tan snang bar byed|Birthplace of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
yon tan snod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Janendrakalpa.
yon tan snying po|A bodhisattva.
yon tan snying po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Madhura svara rāja.
yon tan snying po|The 373rd buddha in the first list, 372nd in the second list, and 367th in the third list.
yon tan spos 'od blo|Attendant of the buddha Gandhatejas.
yon tan spos 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇasāgara.
yon tan spos|Son of the buddha Gandhahastin.
yon tan spos|Attendant of the buddha Pratibhāna kīrti.
yon tan sprin|A buddha in the distant past.
yon tan stegs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siddhi (844 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan stobs|Attendant of the buddha Siṃhabala.
yon tan stobs|Son of the buddha Aparājita dhvaja.
yon tan stong gi gzi brjid|Son of the buddha Ratnayaśas.
yon tan stong gi gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānapriya.
yon tan stong snyed snang|Birthplace of the buddha Mahāpriya.
yon tan thams cad 'byung ba'i dpal gyi rgyal po|A buddha.
yon tan thams cad 'byung ba'i gnas|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇarāśi.
yon tan thams cad 'byung ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Well Proportioned. Likely the same as the thus-gone one Source of All Attributes of Good Qualities.
yon tan thams cad 'byung|A buddha realm.
yon tan thams cad 'byung|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇatejas.
yon tan thams cad grags|Father of the buddha Añjana.
yon tan thams cad kyi 'od zer gyi rgyal po|Past buddha who lived countless eons ago.
yon tan thams cad kyi brda 'dzin pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Devasūrya.
yon tan thams cad kyi tshogs su gyur pa|Name of the seventy-second meditative stability.
yon tan thams cad kyi tshogs su gyur pa|Lit. “collection of all good qualities.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
yon tan thams cad kyi tshogs|Attendant of the buddha Ketudhvaja.
yon tan thams cad kyis bag tsha ba med par gnas pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Hitaiṣin.
yon tan thams cad kyis mdzes par byas|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
yon tan thams cad mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kuśalaprabha.
yon tan thams cad rab gnas|A buddha realm.
yon tan thams cad rab gnas|A great bodhisattva.
yon tan thams cad rab tu snang ba dang ldan pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Brilliant Jewel.
yon tan thams cad rdzogs pa po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vāsava (591 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan thams cad rnam par 'byed pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
yon tan thams cad rnam par dag pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
yon tan thams cad rtogs byed ye shes byin|Son of the buddha Bodhana.
yon tan thams cad snang bar byed pa'i rdzu 'phrul thob pa|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmadatta.
yon tan tog|Father of the buddha Guṇaratna.
yon tan tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūryaprabha (476 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan tshad med dpal|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Well Established in Perfectly Pure Qualities.
yon tan tshogs dag|The 777th buddha in the first list, 776th in the second list, and 766th in the third list.
yon tan tshogs kyi gzi brjid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amṛtaprabha.
yon tan tshogs kyi tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Kuśalaprabha.
yon tan tshogs|Son of the buddha Guṇaprabha.
yon tan tshogs|Mother of the buddha Sarva vara guṇa prabha.
yon tan tshogs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇendrakalpa.
yon tan tshogs|The 391st buddha in the first list, 390th in the second list, and 384th in the third list.
yon tan tshogs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sughoṣa (909 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yon tan yan lag 'byung ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Well Proportioned. Likely the same as the thus-gone one Source of All Good Qualities.
yon tan yang dag 'phags|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Akṣobhya.
yon tan yid|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ugradatta.
yon tan zla ba|A bodhisattva.
yon tan zla ba|Mother of the buddha Jñānaśrī.
yon tan zla ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
yon tan|Father of the buddha Jñānasāgara.
yon tan|Attendant of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna raśmi.
yon tan|Enlightened attributes include specific qualities of buddha body, speech, and mind, such as the thirty-two major and eighty minor marks, the sixty intonations of Brahmā-like voice, and the attributes of compassion, omniscience, and power.
yon yongs su sbyong ba chen po|Mahāvyutpatti 1113.
yongs 'du na gnas pa|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
yongs 'du sa brtol|A large, majestic tree located in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
yongs 'du sa brtol|Name of a forest of kovidāra trees possessed by the Thirty-Three Gods.
yongs 'dus brtol|A large, majestic tree located in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three.
yongs 'dus|Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. Presently in Hindi called parijat, pārijāta in Kannada, and so on. It features prominently in Indian legends and is one of the earthly trees that are are said to be in paradise. Some dictionaries equate it with the coral tree (māndārava).
yongs 'du|A heavenly tree on Mount Sumeru ({yongs 'du}).
yongs 'du|In Indian mythology, a tree in Indra’s heaven that is said to fulfill all desires.
yongs 'du|The immense wish-fulling tree that stands to the northeast of the city of Sudarśana in Trāyastriṃśa heaven.
yongs 'du|Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. Presently in Hindi called parijat, pārijāta in Kannada, and so on. It features prominently in Indian legends and is one of the earthly trees that are are said to be in paradise. Some dictionaries equate it with the coral tree (māndārava).
yongs bsgrags don yod|A buddha.
yongs bsgrags nyon mongs yang dag bcom|A great bodhisattva.
yongs dag dri ma med par rab tu gnas pa|A buddhafield in the northeastern direction, where the Tathāgata Immaculate Center of the Sky resides.
yongs gyur ma|One of the seven types of ḍākinīs.
yongs mthong blo nges|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃharaśmi.
yongs su 'dren pa|When capitalized this term is an epithet of the Buddha.
yongs su 'dres pa|(1) A forest on the northern face of Sumeru ({yongs su 'dres pa}). (2) A river in Godānīya ({kun tu 'dres pa}).
yongs su 'dzin pa med pa|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Inexpressible Intention.
yongs su 'gengs|A magical tree, the name of which means “completely covering.”
yongs su brtags pa|The function by which mind generates an image and then falsely conceives of it as being a separate and real object.
yongs su bsdu ba'i tshul|The four methods of attracting pupils are generosity, pleasant speech, beneficial conduct, and conduct that accords with the wishes of pupils.
yongs su bsngo ba|Dedication of the merit at the end of a spiritual practice or virtuous action, usually for the attainment of full enlightenment by all sentient beings. In this way the actions thus dedicated contribute to the purpose of attaining enlightenment for the sake of all sentient beings.
yongs su bsngo ba|The establishment of the correct motivation at the beginning of any practice or endeavor and the altruistic dedication at the end are regarded as highly significant. The most popular objects of the dedication are the flourishing of the sacred teachings of Buddhism throughout the universe and the attainment of full enlightenment by all sentient beings.
yongs su bsngo ba|This refers to the bodhisattva’s constant mindfulness of the fact that all his actions of whatever form contribute to his purpose of attaining enlightenment for the sake of himself and others, i.e., his conscious deferral of the merit accruing from any virtuous action as he eschews immediate reward in favor of ultimate enlightenment for himself and all living beings.
yongs su bsngo ba|Although the Sanskrit term pariṇāmanā is often translated as “dedication” (as in the practice of dedicating merit), the term has the basic meaning of “transforming,” “developing,” “making ripen.” This conception, then, reflects the Buddhist understanding that the act of dedication involves mentally or ritually directing the merit ( puṇya ) produced from virtuous activity toward a specific goal, be it worldly or transworldly. In this text, we can observe that the idea of dedication is closely linked with the idea of karmic ripening or maturation (vipaka). It is also noteworthy that dedication can be wrongly practiced, as when the text speaks of six perfections that are dedicated through wrong view ( https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-045-001.html#UT22084-045-001-342 ).
yongs su dag cing brten pa|The realm of the Buddha Amoghadarśin.
yongs su dag pa yid du 'ong ba|Birthplace of the buddha Pratibhāna kīrti.
yongs su dag par 'dzin pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its twenty-third week.
yongs su dag par byed pa|The buddha field of the Buddha King of the Lunar Lamp.
yongs su dag pa|A buddha realm.
yongs su dag pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
yongs su dga' ldan|The divine king in the Heaven of Joy.
yongs su dga' ldan|King of the gods of the Tuṣita heaven.
yongs su dga' ldan|A king of the gods of the Tuṣita heaven.
yongs su dga' ldan|King of the god realm of Tuṣita (“Joyful”).
yongs su dga' ldan|Heaven of Joy, the fourth heaven in the desire realm.
yongs su dga' ldan|Chief of the gods in the Heaven of Joy, he appears to Ratnajālin in a dream inspiring him to meet the Buddha.
yongs su gang ba|One of the śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yongs su gcod pa|Lit. “cutter.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
yongs su gdung ba med pa|A buddha realm located in the eastern direction during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni. Also called Absence of Heat.
yongs su ma grub pa|lack of [any] actuality, no actuality, deprived of any actuality, devoid of any actuality
yongs su mya ngan las 'da' ba|The ultimate soteriological goal of the Buddhist tradition. The transcendence of suffering.
yongs su mya ngan las 'da' ba|The final stage of passing into nirvāṇa, which occurs when an arhat or a buddha passes away.
yongs su mya ngan las 'da' pa|“Complete nirvāṇa”; the term used when referring to the passing away of a fully realized being.
yongs su mya ngan las 'da'|“Complete nirvāṇa.” It can specifically refer to entering nirvāṇa at death.
yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po|Synonym of “parinirvāṇa.”
yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po|A specialized term for nirvāṇa when it is used in reference to the apparent passing away of a physical body of a buddha.
yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa|The ultimate soteriological goal of the Buddhist tradition. The transcendence of suffering.
yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa|The final stage of passing into nirvāṇa, which occurs when an arhat or a buddha passes away.
yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa|The nirvāṇa that enlightened beings attain upon corporeal death. Also rendered here as “to pass beyond all sorrow.”
yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa|A specialized term for nirvāṇa when it is used in reference to the apparent passing away of the physical body of a buddha or an arhat. See “nirvāṇa.”
yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa|The final or complete nirvāṇa, which occurs when a worthy one (arhat) or a buddha passes away. It implies the non-residual nirvāṇa where the aggregates have also been consumed within emptiness. See also “nirvāṇa.”
yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa|Nirvāṇa, the state beyond sorrow, denotes the ultimate attainment of liberation, the permanent cessation of all suffering and the afflicted mental states that cause and perpetuate suffering, along with all misapprehension with regard to the nature of reality. As such, it is the antithesis of cyclic existence. Three types of nirvāṇa are identified: (1) the residual nirvāṇa where the person is still dependent on conditioned psycho-physical aggregates, (2) the non-residual nirvāṇa after an arhat or buddha has passed away, when the conditioned psycho-physical aggregates have ceased, and (3) the non-abiding nirvāṇa transcending the extremes of phenomenal existence and quiescence. Parinirvāṇa generally refers to the non-residual attainment.
yongs su myan ngan las 'das pa|The final passage into nirvāṇa upon the death of a buddha or an arhat.
yongs su nyams pa'i bsam gtan|A particular form of concentration practiced by some worthy ones, which has the potential for regressing back into cyclic existence.
yongs su rdzogs pa|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
yongs su shes pa|A general term that may here imply not just understanding or knowledge but realization or even awakening.
yongs su skyob pa|A Pali term meaning “protection,” referring to the practice of reciting scriptures to confer protection from harm as well as to the texts so used.
yongs su spo ba|A full probation is imposed when a monk who has incurred a saṅgha stigmata offense nurses for a full night his intention to conceal that offense (Viśeṣamitra, folio 135.b).\nSee also “probation” and https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1173 .
yongs su sprul pa|One of the gods’ realms; also used as the name of the gods living there.
yongs su tshol ba|A land in the south of India.
yon|The patronage a pure monk is entitled to receive, without the attendant karmic burden, due to his pure ethics and observance of vows.\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-001.html#UT22084-001-001-1841 .
yud tsam las byung ba|A class of spirits causing a brief disease.
yud tsam|A division of time, one thirtieth of a day.
yud tsam|Period of time in ancient India that corresponds to the thirtieth part of a full day.
yul 'khor 'byung|Birthplace of the buddha Prajñārāṣṭra.
yul 'khor 'phel|Birthplace of the buddha Trailokyapūjya.
yul 'khor bde dang ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Gaṇiprabha.
yul 'khor brtan|Birthplace of the buddha Candana.
yul 'khor bsrung|The king of the gandharvas (one of the four great kings of the directions).
yul 'khor bzang po|A merchant.
yul 'khor bzang po|Father of the buddha Marudyaśas.
yul 'khor bzang|Son of the buddha Prajñārāṣṭra.
yul 'khor bzang|Birthplace of the buddha Kāśyapa.
yul 'khor bzang|Attendant of the buddha Vairocana.
yul 'khor bzang|Father of the buddha Nāgaprabhāsa.
yul 'khor bzang|The 841st buddha in the first list, 840th in the second list, and 830th in the third list.
yul 'khor chen po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Prajñārāṣṭra.
yul 'khor chos dge|Son of the buddha Kṣatriya.
yul 'khor dbang po|Father of the buddha Prajñārāṣṭra.
yul 'khor dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Mahāyaśas.
yul 'khor dri ma med|Father of the buddha Ratnakrama.
yul 'khor gzhol|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Siṃhagati.
yul 'khor kha lo sgyur|Son of the buddha Oghajaha.
yul 'khor kha lo sgyur|Birthplace of the buddha Ananta pratibhāna ketu.
yul 'khor kha lo sgyur|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Merukūṭa (258 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yul 'khor lha chen|Mother of the buddha Gandhābha.
yul 'khor lha sbed|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Cāritraka.
yul 'khor lha|Father of the buddha Mānajaha.
yul 'khor lha|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Prāṇītajñāna.
yul 'khor lha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇaprabhāsa (200 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yul 'khor mchog|Mother of the buddha Prajñārāṣṭra.
yul 'khor mchog|Birthplace of the buddha Gambhīramati.
yul 'khor mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Priyacandra.
yul 'khor mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānapriya (438 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yul 'khor me tog|Birthplace of the buddha Padmākṣa.
yul 'khor me tog|The 412th buddha in the first list, 411th in the second list, and 405th in the third list.
yul 'khor mtha' yas tog|Birthplace of the buddha Keturāṣṭra.
yul 'khor mya ngan med|The 990th buddha in the first list, 989th in the second list, and 981st in the third list.
yul 'khor rangs|The 267th buddha in the first list, 266th in the second list, and 266th in the third list. We were unable to find an attested correspondence between the Tibetan {rangs} and the Sanskrit anupama; see also Skilling and Saerji 2016: p. 152 n.35.
yul 'khor shes rab|The 578th buddha in the first list, 578th in the second list, and 571st in the third list.
yul 'khor shing rta can|Attendant of the buddha Ratnacandra.
yul 'khor skyong|A disciple of the Buddha.
yul 'khor skyong|A noble at the time of the Buddha.
yul 'khor skyong|One of the Buddha’s foremost disciples.
yul 'khor skyong|One among the Four Great Kings, guardian of the east.
yul 'khor skyong|A newly ordained monk who appeals to the Buddha for teachings.
yul 'khor skyong|(1) The name common to two of the seven kings mentioned in the story of Govinda. (2) A buddha in the past. (3) One of the Four Great Kings. (4) A haṃsa.
yul 'khor sman ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Vijitāvin.
yul 'khor snyoms|Attendant of the buddha Sārodgata.
yul 'khor spobs pa|The 780th buddha in the first list, 779th in the second list, and 768th in the third list.
yul 'khor srung ba ma|One of the female śrāvakas attending the delivery of the MMK.
yul 'khor srung|One of the great kings of the four cardinal directions, Dhṛtarāṣṭra guards the eastern quarter of the heavens.
yul 'khor srung|One of the Four Great Kings, or guardians of the world, he presides over the eastern quarter and rules over the gandharvas that live there.
yul 'khor srung|One of the “four great kings, guardians of the world,” he is held to dwell in the east, presiding over the gandharva spirits that live there.
yul 'khor srung|“Protector of the Realm” (Tib.) or “Whose Realm is Stable,” (Skt.) guardian of the eastern direction. Also the name of a king in the Mahābhārata.
yul 'khor srung|One of the four mahārājas, he is the guardian deity for the east and traditionally lord of the gandharvas, though in this sūtra he appears to be king of the nāgas. It is also the name of a goose king that was one of the Buddha’s previous lives, and in that instance it is translated into Tibetan as {ngang skya}.
yul 'khor srung|One of the Four Great Kings ({rgyal po chen po bzhi}) ruling the four directions of the desire realm. Dhṛtarāṣṭra rules the eastern direction and the gandharvas ({dri za}) that reside there. In The Question of Mañjuśrī the image of him is the forty-ninth of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
yul 'khor tog|The 674th buddha in the first list, 673rd in the second list, and 665th in the third list.
yul 'khor ye shes|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Amoghavikramin.
yul 'khor ye shes|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Meghadhvaja (955 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yul 'khor yul bzang|Birthplace of the buddha Susvara.
yul 'khor zla ba|Father of the buddha Arthadarśin.
yul 'khor|Attendant of the buddha Prajñārāṣṭra.
yul 'khor|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
yul 'od ma|Mother of the buddha Candrānana.
yul a du ma|A village.
yul bzang mchod pa|Birthplace of the buddha Praśāntagāmin.
yul bzangs dbus|Birthplace of the buddha Saṃpannakīrti.
yul bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Śāntārtha.
yul chu mig can|A country.
yul dbus|The central part of the continent of Jambu.
yul dbus|Most of the Buddha’s life and ministry took place in the Middle Country. Its land extended to the Likara Forest in the east; the city of Śarāvatī and the Śarāvatī River in the south; the brahmin towns of Sthūṇa and Upasthūṇa in the west; and Uśīragiri in the north.
yul dbus|The central region of ancient India. Although the precise boundaries of the region are variously defined, a common description (found, for instance, in the Baudhāyana sūtra), describes the region as bordered by the Himālayas to the north, the Vindhya mountains to the south, Vinaśana to the west, and Prayāga to the east.
yul dga'|Father of the buddha Sucīrṇavipāka.
yul dgra mtha'|A country.
yul drug|The six sense objects: forms, sounds, smells, tastes, textures, and mental objects.
yul drug|The objects of the six senses include those of the five physical senses (visual forms, sounds, smells, tastes, and tactile sensations) plus the object of the mental faculty, mental phenomena (dharmas).
yul du rnam par grags pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pūjya.
yul gan tha|A country in the northern region.
yul gnas bcas|Place where the Buddha resided and taught, thought to be present day Ayodhyā.
yul gnyid 'grogs|A country.
yul grags|Attendant of the buddha Amṛtādhipa.
yul gyi bzang mo|Name of a princess in a story the Buddha tells.
yul gzhon nu bskyed pa|A country. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-3123 .
yul ka shi pa|Old name of Benares. Kāśīka is the name of the special muslin produced in the city.
yul ka shi'i ras phran|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
yul ka shi|City in North India where the Buddha Śākyamuni first taught the Dharma.
yul la 'dod pa|A realm of the ever-infatuated gods.
yul la chags pa|A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods.
yul la dbang byed pa|An absorption.
yul la dga' ba|Mother of the buddha Dānaprabha.
yul la mi gnas pa|A great bodhisattva.
yul las byed pa'i dge 'dun|A monk to whom one may give one’s proxy in case one cannot attend a official saṅgha function.
yul las rgal ba|Name of the seventy-first meditative stability.
yul las rgal ba|Lit. “freed from objects.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
yul lho|A region centered on the capital city at Suvarṇagiri.
yul mchod|Father of the buddha Ratnaskandha.
yul med spong ba|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sūryapriya (902 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yul mtha' yas pa la dmigs pa sgrub pa nges par ston pa|A great bodhisattva and also the name of a meditative absorption of the buddhas.
yul mtha' yas par mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|A buddha.
yul nas can|A country of Greeks.
yul phyogs kun mchod|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Jñānapriya (55 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
yul sa|Attendant of the buddha Sukhābha.
yul sdug|Son of the buddha Sumedhas.
yul shin tu rnam par dag pa|A universal monarch in the past who ruled over a world called Emanation.
yul srug na|A country.
yul ston pa|Name of an absorption.
yul thams cad las nges par 'byung ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva.
yul tsam pa'i klu|A nāga.
yul|The objects perceived by the senses and their consciousnesses: visual objects, sounds, smells, tastes, textures, and mental phenomena.
yum mA ma kI|One of the great dūtīs attending upon Lord Vajrapāṇi; also the uṣṇīṣa goddess of the Vajra family.
yungs kar|This plant has several edible varieties.
za ba po|A class of asuras.
za bar byed pa|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
za bar byed|The parasites that are said to live in the ears of women.
za byed|One of the kings of the piśācas.
za byed|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
za len dra|Modern-day Jalandhar of the Punjab region.
za ma tog|A basket, box, or other kind of receptacle with a lid.
za ma|Someone whose sexual organs (or part of them) have been removed, or who is sexually impotent for some other reason; sometimes synonym to {ma ning} (see entry “paṇḍaka”).\nSee also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-066-003.html#UT22084-066-003-29 .
za'i lo ma|Traquia involucrata.
zab chos 'od kyi rgyal po dpal|The fifty-sixth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Gambhīra dharma guṇa rāja śirī.
zab cing brtan pa'i rgya mtsho'i chu'i dus rlabs|An absorption.
zab mo 'gyur byed|A great bodhisattva.
zab mo dang zla ba dga' ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
zab mo tshul chen po la 'jug pa|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zab mo'i dbyangs kyi nga ro sgrogs pa|A great bodhisattva.
zab mo'i phyogs|The second king of the “yakṣa” dynasty, most likely Kadphises II.
zab mo'i tshul bsgos|A kinnara king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zab mor gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tejorāśi (566 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zab mor spyod pa|A bodhisattva.
zab mo|(1) A pool upon one of Airāvaṇa’s ears ({zab pa}). (2) A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit ({zab pa}). (3) A forest on Saṅkāśa ({zab mo}).
zab par grags|Father of the buddha Amṛtādhipa.
zab pa|The residence of the asura king Puṣpamāla.
zab pa|(1) A pool upon one of Airāvaṇa’s ears ({zab pa}). (2) A lotus pond on the fifth minor mountain on Lofty Summit ({zab pa}). (3) A forest on Saṅkāśa ({zab mo}).
zad mi shes pa'i khyu mchog|A buddha.
zad mi shes pa'i za ma tog|Lit. “inexhaustible basket.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
zad mi shes pa|Name of the forty-first meditative stability.
zad mi shes pa|Lit. “inexhaustible.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
zad pa dang bral ba|Name of the forty-third meditative stability.
zad pa dang bral ba|Lit. “free from exhaustion.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
zad pa'i dus|The most degenerate in the cosmic cycle of five ages.
zad par byed pa dpa' ba|Parasites that are said to live inside women’s wombs.
zad par gyi skye mched bcu|These are the ten meditations on immersion into earth, water, fire, and wind; immersion into blue, yellow, red, and white; and immersion into space and consciousness, where nothing but the earth constituent and so on appear to the practitioner’s mind.
zad par gyi skye mched bcu|The ten sense fields of total consummation, as found enumerated in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-210 , comprise (1) the total consummation of the earth element, (2) the total consummation of the water element, (3) the total consummation of the fire element, (4) the total consummation of the wind element, (5) the total consummation of the space element, (6) the total consummation of blueness, (7) the total consummation of yellowness, (8) the total consummation of redness, (9) the total consummation of whiteness, and (10) the total consummation of consciousness.
zad par gyi skye mched|The ability to transform the four elements based on attainment in concentration.
zad par gyi skye mched|This term corresponds to the kasiṇa of the Pāli tradition, a visualization object is used as a support for the totality of the meditator’s attention.
zad par gyi skye mched|The ten spheres of totality comprise the total meditative immersion into (1) the earth element, (2) the water element, (3) the fire element, (4) the wind element, (5) the space element, (6) blueness, (7) yellowness, (8) redness, (9) whiteness, and (10) consciousness.
zad par shes pa|Ninth of the eleven aspects of knowledge.
zag med phung po lnga|These are equivalent to the five definitive aggregates.
zag pa dang bcas pa'i chos|Contaminated phenomena, as found in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-413 , include the following: the five psycho-physical aggregates which are encompassed in the three world systems, the twelve sense fields, the eighteen sensory elements, the four meditative concentrations, the four immeasurable aspirations, and the four formless meditative absorptions.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 ).
zag pa dang bcas pa|Susceptible to the contaminations (āsrava; {zag pa}), literally “outflows” or mental defilements that “flow out” toward the objects of cyclic existence. One classification enumerates three contaminations related to desire, existence, and ignorance.
zag pa dang bcas pa|The phenomena of saṃsāra. Contaminated phenomena are those influenced by the defilements (kleśa, {nyon mongs}) and karma. Thus, e.g., even virtues that are under the influence of defilements like ignorance are categorized as contaminated in this way.
zag pa ma mchis pa'i chos|Uncontaminated phenomena, as described in https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-414 , include the following: the four applications of mindfulness, and likewise all those [aforementioned causal and fruitional] attributes, up to and including the eighteen distinct qualities of the buddhas.\n(See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-408 ).
zag pa med pa'i sems|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Ketu.
zag pa med par 'gro ba|The mansion within the city of Mānasaṅkalpa in the Heaven of Joy in which the bodhisattva Maitreya lives.
zag pa med pa|Free from the contaminations; see “contaminated.”
zag pa zad pa shes pa mngon sum du bya ba shes pa'i mngon par shes pa|Sixth of the six extrasensory powers.
zag pa zad pa yang dag pa ji lta ba bzhin du rab tu shes pa|Tenth of the ten powers of the tathāgatas.
zag pa|A term of Jain origin, literally meaning “inflows” or “influx.” It refers to the uncontrolled flow of thoughts toward sensory objects and the resulting contamination of the individual. It is also defined as “outflows,” as reflected in the Tibetan {zag pa} (“leak”).
zag pa|A term of Jain origin, meaning “inflows.” It refers to uncontrolled thoughts as a result of being influenced by sensory objects and thus being sullied or defiled. It is also defined as “outflows,” hence the Tibetan {zag pa} (“leaks”) as the mind is “flowing out” toward the sensory objects.
zag pa|The metaphor explaining outflows (āsrava), rendered as “contaminated,” is a house with a faulty roof. But it does not simply mean that something from the outside, hatred or greed, drips in on the pristine mind of a person. Rather the drips come from within the person. They arise from unskillful mindsets that give rise to the afflictions, hence “outflows” rather than “inflows.”
zag pa|Literally, “to flow” or “to ooze.” Mental defilements or contaminations that “flow out” toward the objects of cyclic existence, binding us to them. Vasubandhu offers two alternative explanations of this term: “They cause beings to remain (āsayanti) within saṃsāra” and “They flow from the Summit of Existence down to the Unwavering, out of the six wounds that are the entrances” (āsayanti saṃsāre āsravanti bhavāgrādyāvadavīciṃ ṣaḍbhir āyatana vraṇair ityāsravāḥ, Abhidharma kośa bhāṣya on 5.40,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html Pradhan 1967, p. 308). The “Summit of Existence” is the highest point within saṃsāra, while the hell called “Unwavering” is the lowest; the six entrances here refer to the five sense faculties plus the mind, i.e., the six internal entrances in the scheme of twelve entrances.
zag pa|A term meaning literally “to flow toward” or “stream outward.” Mental defilements or contaminations that “flow out” toward the objects of cyclic existence, binding us to them. Vasubandhu offers two alternative explanations of this term: “They cause beings to remain (āsayanti) within saṃsāra” and “They flow from the Summit of Existence down to the Unwavering, out of the six wounds that are the entrances” (āsayanti saṃsāre āsravanti bhavāgrādyāvadavīciṃ ṣaḍbhir āyatana vraṇair ityāsravāḥ, Abhidharma kośa bhāṣya on 5.40,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html Pradhan 1967, p. 308). The “Summit of Existence” is the highest point within saṃsāra, while the hell called “Unwavering” is the lowest; the six entrances here refer to the five sense faculties plus the mind, i.e., the six internal entrances in the scheme of twelve entrances.
zag pa|Most of the explanations of the term āsrava derive it from the root sru (“to flow,” “to ooze”) and understand the preverb ā- variously either as “flowing in,” “flowing out from,” or simply emphasizing the action of flowing. The Tibetan translation also translates the sense of the root but does not explicitly render the preverb; zag pa is attested as a translation of several other Sanskrit terms that mean “to flow,” “to ooze,” etc. (sravaḥ, srāvaṇam, syandī, etc.; see Negi vol. 12, p. 5353). The derivation from ā + sru follows clear grammatical principles (vyākaraṇa); furthermore, there is another derivation from the root ās (“to sit,” “to remain”), which is in accordance with etymology by sound association (nirukti).\nVasubandhu offers two alternatives: “They cause beings to remain (āsayanti) within saṃsāra” and “They flow from the Summit of Existence down to the Unwavering, out of the six wounds that are the entrances” (āsayanti saṃsāre āsravanti bhavāgrādyāvadavīciṃ ṣaḍbhir āyatana vraṇair ityāsravāḥ, Abhidharma kośa bhāṣya on 5.40,https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html Pradhan 1967, p. 308). The “Summit of Existence” is the highest point within saṃsāra, while the hell called “Unwavering” is the lowest; the six entrances here refer to the five sense faculties plus the mind, i.e., the six internal entrances in the scheme of twelve entrances.\nThe Pāli tradition offers similar derivations. For example, the commentary on The Sutta on All the Āsavas explains the term āsava in the following ways:\n“They flow (āsavanti), thus they are āsavas: even from the eye, up to even from thought, they ooze, they come about—this is what is being said here” (āsavantīti āsavā, cakkhutopi . . . pe . . . manatopi sandanti pavattantīti vuttaṃ hoti, Aṭṭhakathā on the Sabbāsavasutta.) (This explanation matches quite closely the second one in the Abhidharma kośa bhāṣya https://read.84000.co/translation/toh4090.html.) The “up to” here reproduces the pe, an abbreviation meant to convey an incomplete list. The complete list would be “even from the eye, even from the ear, even from the nose, even from the tongue, even from the body, even from thought”—i.e., the list of the six internal entrances.\n“Alternatively, from the dhammas to the gotrabhū, from space to the Summit of Existence, they flow, thus they are āsavas. Entering inside these dhammas and this space, they come about—this is the sense; for this ā- has the sense of ‘entering inside’ ” (dhammato yāva gotrabhuṃ okāsato yāva bhavaggaṃ savantīti vā āsavā ete dhamme etañ ca okāsaṃ anto karitvā pavattantīti attho. antokaraṇattho hi ayaṃ ākāro Aṭṭhakathā on the Sabbāsavasutta).\n“ ‘Liquor and so forth are āsavas’ in the sense that they stay in one place for a long time; since they are ‘like the āsavas,’ these are ‘āsavas.’ For, in this world, liquor and so forth that stay in one place for a long time are called āsavas. And if they are āsavas in the sense that they stay in one place for a long time, these indeed are worthy of being so. For, it has been said, ‘A prior limit, bhikkhus, is not found for ignorance, wherein one could say that “before this there was no ignorance,” and so forth’ ” (cirapārivāsiyaṭṭhena madirādayo āsavā āsavā viyātipi āsavā. lokasmiñ hi cirapārivāsikā madirādayo āsavāti vuccanti yadi ca cirapārivāsiyaṭṭhena āsavā eteyeva bhavitum arahanti vuttañ hetaṃ purimā bhikkhave koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya ito pubbe avijjā nāhosītiādi Aṭṭhakathā on the Sabbāsavasutta A.Ni.10.61).\n“Alternatively, they ooze, they ooze forth, future suffering of saṃsāra—thus they are āsavas” (āyataṃ vā saṃsāradukkhaṃ savanti pasavantītipi āsavā, Aṭṭhakathā on the Sabbāsavasutta).\nFrom all this, we conclude that (1) the derivation from the root sru (“to flow” etc.) is in some ways primary, and it follows principles of grammar (vyākaraṇa) rather than those of etymology by sound association (nirukti), as Yaśomitra clarifies is the case for the etymology from ās (“to sit” etc.); (2) the value of the preverb ā- was understood variously (“from,” “out of,” or as an intensifier), thus it is impossible to decide whether to render it as “in,” “out,” etc.; (3) translators who chose {zag pa} to render āsrava were most likely aware of both the above points.\nConsidering all the above, we have opted for “fluxes” rather than “influences” or “outflows.”
zam pa'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Candraprabha (481 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zam pa|Son of the buddha Yaśodatta.
zam pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Arajas (855 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zan dron|Sour gruel.
zang zing med pa|In the sense of “disinterested,” “not expecting a reward.”
zang zing spangs|Father of the buddha Jyotiṣmat.
zangs bzhus bar nya 'khyug pa lta bu|One of the sixteen realms that surround the Hell of Heat.
zangs can|An island far off the coast of Jambudvīpa.
zangs kyi mdog|A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa.
zangs ma can|A rākṣasī on the island called Copper Holder.
zar ma'i ras|An acceptable form of cloth for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
zas 'dod|A brahmin who was converted by the buddha Vipaśyin.
zas bzhi|The four kinds of sustenance are the sustenance of material ingestion, the sustenance of contact, the sustenance of will, and the sustenance of consciousness.
zas bzhi|The four nourishments comprise the nourishment of food, the nourishment of sensory contact, the nourishment of mentation, and the nourishment of consciousness, the first two of which are directed toward the present life and the last two to the subsequent life. See Negi (1993-2005): 5382 and Zhang Yisun et al (1985): 2457. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-875 .
zas dkar gsum|Milk, curd, and butter.
zas dkar|One of eight children, a son, of King Siṃhahanu of Kapilavastu.
zas gtsang ma|Father of the buddha Śākyamuni.
zas gtsang ma|The Buddha’s father, a Śākyan king.
zas gtsang ma|The king who was the father of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zas gtsang|Buddha Śākyamuni’s father.
zas gtsang|A Śākya king, the father of Buddha Śākyamuni.
zas gtsang|King of Kapilavastu and father of the Buddha.
zas gtsang|The Buddha Śākyamuni’s father and king of the Śākyas.
zas gtsang|(1) A king, the Buddha’s father. (2) The father of a future buddha named Śākyamuni.
zas gtsang|One of eight children, a son, of King Siṃhahanu of Kapilavastu. He became king of the Śākya clan, father of Siddhārtha Gautama.
zas kyi gdugs|A buddha.
zas kyi rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
zas phyis mi len pa|A “later-food refuser” is one who does not accept any food after they have begun eating (that is, once they have begun eating, they do not accept any more if it is offered).
zas rnam pa bzhi|The four types of food on which beings subsist: coarse food, the food of contact, the food of volition, and the food of joy.
zas sna lnga|The “five kinds of [impure] food” are described in the ṭīka (F.80.b.) as “meat, anything mixed with garlic, beer, fish, and so forth.”
zas|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its sixth week.
ze ba dga' ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
ze'u 'bru'i lus kyi shing|A town in Videha.
zha nye'i rna rgyan can|Another name of Bhavanandin, a half brother of Pūrṇa from Sūrpāraka.
zhabs dag brtan pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Abhaya (434 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zhabs dang phyag gi mthil 'jam zhing gzhon sha chags pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the eighteenth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
zhabs dang phyag gi mthil na 'khor lo'i mtshan yod pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-eighth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
zhabs dang phyag gi sor mo'i bar dra bar 'brel ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the nineteenth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
zhabs kyi rting pa che ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the seventeenth of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
zhabs kyi steng mtho ba|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-first of the thirty-two signs of a great being. In some lists this sign is rendered “inconspicuous ankles bones” (ucchaṅkhapāda; {zhabs kyi long mo'i tshigs mi mngon pa}). Because of the similar and ambiguous meaning of the Sanskrit, both Tibetan translations are found attested for utsaṅgapāda.
zhabs long mo'i tshigs mi mngon pa|Seventh of the thirty-two major marks.
zhabs mdzes|The 940th buddha in the first list, 939th in the second list, and 930th in the third list. The correspondence between the Tibetan and Sanskrit is tentative; see Skilling and Saerji 2018: p. 235 n. 269.
zhabs rab tu gnas pa|Listed in The Question of Mañjuśrī as the twenty-seventh of the thirty-two signs of a great being.
zhabs shin tu gnas pa dang ldan pa|First of the thirty-two major marks.
zhag bdun par bcang ba|These medicinal tonics were called “seven-day tonics” because monks were only permitted to keep them for seven days after receiving them. They were primarily used to treat imbalances of prāṇa and include butter, ghee, oil, molasses, lotus root and the oil gained from melting the fat of fish, crocodile, rabbit, bear and pig.
zhags pa 'thub pa|A religious tradition derived from Śākyamuni’s elder contemporary Mahāvīra.
zhags pa chen po|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zhags pa chen po|Mahāpāśa (“Great Noose”) seems to be another epithet of Amoghapāśa.
zhags pa lta bu|A snake.
zhags pa|Forty-third of the eighty designs on the palms and soles of the Tathāgata.
zhal bzangs|A buddha who is not listed in the first or second list but is 862nd in the third list.
zhal bzangs|The 791st buddha in the first list, 790th in the second list, and 780th in the third list.
zhal dri zhim pa|Forty-first of the eighty minor marks.
zhal gsal zla ba dri ma med pa'i dpal gyi snying po gzi brjid|A buddha of the past.
zhal ha cang yang mi ring ba|Twenty-first of the eighty minor marks.
zhal la khro gnyer gyi rim pa med pa|Thirty-ninth of the eighty minor marks.
zhal med khang gi tshal|A forest in Moving on Springy Ground.
zhal nas spos thams cad 'od du 'phro ba|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
zhal rkang rkong med pa|Twenty-second of the eighty minor marks.
zhal sdug sde bdag|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Janendrakalpa (154 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zhal ta byed pa|A term used to describe a managerial role or administrative duties in a monastic setting. While the position can be filled by a monk, it appears to be typically delegated to non-monastics.
zhal ta pa|The officer who receives and administers donations on behalf of the Saṅgha.
zhal ta pa|A monk in charge of providing for monastery residents and visitors. One of several official administrative or managerial positions at a monastery.
zhal tshus|Simple food to be eaten before the main meal. See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-001-006.html#UT22084-001-006-6906 .
zhal yongs su rgyas pa|Twenty-fourth of the eighty minor marks.
zhal zla ba lta bu|Thirty-seventh of the eighty minor marks.
zhal zla ba nya ba lta bu|Twenty-seventh or thirty-first of the thirty-two major marks.
zhan pa|The Nibandhana explains this as a change in one’s mnemonic abilities, such as forgetting quickly and not remembering clearly, i.e., a kind of mental slowness.
zhang bu gcig pa|An assistant translator and editor of this scripture.
zhe sdang rdo rje ma|Consort of Black ‌Acala.
zhe sdang rdo rje|The deity representing the faculty of hearing.
zhe sdang rdo rje|The deity personifying the true nature of the faculty of hearing.
zhe sdang|A vidyārāja from the personal retinue of Vajrapāṇi.
zhe sdang|One of the three root afflictions that bind beings to cyclic existence.
zhe sdang|One of the three poisons (triviṣa), together with greed and confusion, that bind beings to cyclic existence.
zhe sdang|Hatred, aggression, and/or aversion. One of the affective behavior patterns or “afflictions” known as the three poisons.
zhe sdang|One of the six root afflictions (Skt. mūlakleśa), often listed as one of the three poisons (Skt. triviṣa) along with attachment (Skt. rāga) and delusion (Skt. moha).
zhe sdang|Second of the five fetters associated with the lower realms; one of the three poisons ({dug gsum}) which, along with desire and delusion, perpetuate the sufferings of cyclic existence. In its subtle manifestation as aversion it obstructs the correct perception of forms, and in its extreme manifestation as hatred and fear, it is characteristic of the hells.
zhen byed|Parasites that are said to live on the sides of women’s necks and heads.
zhes 'gras pa med pa'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zhi 'dzin mchog|A brahmin, the kalyāṇamitra of chapter 52.
zhi ba dang mche bzang|This could be an extended name of Sudaṃṣṭra, the son of Kṛṣṇa.
zhi ba dpa'|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error. Translated the first time in Tibetan as {zhi ba dpa'} and the second time as {zhi bar dpa'}.
zhi ba gsal|Attendant of the buddha Anupamavādin.
zhi ba gsal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Āryapriya (744 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zhi ba lha|Indian commentator from the eighth century (685–783 ce) renowned for his work The Way of the Bodhisattva (Bodhi caryāvatāra).
zhi ba lha|(Eighth century). A great master of the Mādhyamika, famous for his remarkable work, “Introduction to the Practice of Enlightenment” (Bodhi caryāvatāra).
zhi ba ma|One of the great yakṣiṇīs.
zhi ba nyams dga' ba|Birthplace of the buddha Dhyānarata.
zhi ba yi blo gros|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Balatejojñāna (846 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zhi ba'i 'od kyi rgyal|A buddha in the distant past.
zhi ba'i 'od zer tog gi rgyal po|A buddha.
zhi ba'i 'od zer|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
zhi ba'i 'od|Mother of the buddha Sāra
zhi ba'i 'od|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
zhi ba'i 'od|Birthplace of the buddha Praśāntamala.
zhi ba'i 'od|“Peaceful Light.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
zhi ba'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pratibhānagaṇa (761 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zhi ba'i bla ma|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error.
zhi ba'i blo gros|Father of the buddha Śānta.
zhi ba'i blo gros|A bhikṣu who was a pupil of Śāriputra.
zhi ba'i blo gros|A bodhisattva in the retinue of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zhi ba'i blo gros|The 248th buddha in the first list, 247th in the second list, and 247th in the third list.
zhi ba'i bran|Father of the buddha Priyaṅgama.
zhi ba'i cho ga|A world system.
zhi ba'i dbang po'i rgyal po|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
zhi ba'i dbang po|A bodhisattva.
zhi ba'i dbang po|Name of an attendant to a former buddha in a story the Buddha tells.
zhi ba'i dbang po|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error. Translated the first time in Tibetan as {zhi ba'i dbang po} and the second time as {zhi dbang}.
zhi ba'i dbyangs kun tu bsgrags pa|A buddha in the distant past.
zhi ba'i dbyangs|“Sound of Peace.” The name of a kalpa in the distant past.
zhi ba'i don|The 729th buddha in the first list, 728th in the second list, and 718th in the third list.
zhi ba'i dpal 'byung|A forest in the distant past.
zhi ba'i dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
zhi ba'i glo gros|A monk.
zhi ba'i gzi brjid|The 302nd buddha in the first list, 301st in the second list, and not listed in the third list.
zhi ba'i gzugs kyi stabs|The fortieth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
zhi ba'i lha|Eighth-century Indian master within the Madhyamaka tradition.
zhi ba'i lha|Indian commentator from the eighth century (685–783 ce) renowned for his work The Way of the Bodhisattva (Bodhi caryāvatāra).
zhi ba'i phung po|The name of an eon.
zhi ba'i rgya mtsho|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Puṣya.
zhi ba'i rgyal mtshan 'gro ba'i sgron ma dpal|The ninety-seventh buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. BHS verse: Śānti dhvaja jaga pradīpa śiri.
zhi ba'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha in the distant past.
zhi ba'i rgyal po|The fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
zhi ba'i sgron ma sprin gyi rgyal po'i dpal|A buddha in the distant past. BHS in verse: Śānta pradīpa megha śiri rāja.
zhi ba'i sku yi 'od|The seventy-fifth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past. The equivalent of {'od} (“light”) is not in the Sanskrit.
zhi ba'i snying po|The name of an eon.
zhi ba'i spyod pa|A world system.
zhi ba'i yid|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
zhi ba'i yid|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error.
zhi bar dpa'|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error. Translated the first time in Tibetan as {zhi ba dpa'} and the second time as {zhi bar dpa'}.
zhi bar gnas|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Brahmā (547 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zhi bas byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dharmamati.
zhi ba|Major deity in the pantheon of the classical Indian religious traditions.
zhi ba|Belonging or relating to the god Śiva; a devotee or follower of Śiva; see “Śiva.”
zhi ba|The 293rd buddha in the first list, 292nd in the second list, and 292nd in the third list.
zhi ba|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error.
zhi ba|One of the vidyārājas dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode; one of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK.
zhi ba|This stock phrase refers to states of peace or absence of disturbing thoughts and emotions. In his commentary on the Kāśyapa parivarta, Sthiramati correlates these three states of peace with deepening stages of meditation on the Buddhist path.
zhi byed|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
zhi byin|Son of the buddha Praśānta.
zhi dbang|Attendant of the buddha Praśānta.
zhi dbang|In the list of buddhas from whom Śākyamuni received the Samādhirāja, this name appears twice, perhaps in error. Translated the first time in Tibetan as {zhi ba'i dbang po} and the second time as {zhi dbang}.
zhi gnas dang dul bar gnas pa'i me tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Bhasmakrodha.
zhi gnas dga'|Mother of the buddha Praśānta.
zhi gnas dga'|Attendant of the buddha Brahmamuni.
zhi gnas lhag mthong|Two of the basic forms of Buddhist meditation, which focus respectively on calming the mind and developing insight into the nature of phenomena.
zhi gnas rnyed cing thob pa|Father of the buddha Samāhitātman.
zhi gnas yang dag 'phags|A buddha.
zhi gnas|The first of the two main branches of Buddhist meditation (along with “expanded vision”) aiming at developing insight into the nature of reality.
zhi gnas|The meditative practice of calming the mind to rest free from the disturbance of thought. One of the two basic forms of Buddhist meditation, the other being insight (Skt. vipaśyanā; Tib. {lhag mthong}).
zhi gnas|Refers to the meditative practice of calming the mind to rest free from the disturbance of thought. One of the two basic forms of Buddhist meditation, the other being special insight (vipaśyanā, {lhag mthong}).
zhi gnas|Sometimes also translated as “mental quiescence.” Refers to a calm state without thought, or the meditative practice of calming the mind to rest free from the disturbance of thought. One of the two basic forms of Buddhist meditation, the other being transcendent insight (vipaśyanā, {lhag mthong}).
zhi gnas|One of the basic forms of Buddhist meditation, which focuses on calming the mind. Often presented as part of a pair of meditation techniques, the other technique being “special insight.”\n(Note that the term “tranquility” has also been used in this translation to render other terms related to {zhi ba}.)
zhi gnas|“Mental quiescence” is a general term for all types of mind-practice, meditation, contemplation, concentration, etc., that cultivate one-pointedness of mind and lead to a state of peacefulness and freedom from concern with any sort of object. It is paired with “transcendental analysis” or “insight,” which combines the analytic faculty with this one-pointedness to reach high realizations such as the absence of self (see “transcendental analysis”). “Mental quiescence” and “transcendental analysis” were coined by E. Obermiller in his invaluable study “Prajṅa Pāramitā Doctrine, as Exposed in the Abhisamayālaṃkāra of Maitreya” (Acta Orientalia, Vol. XI [Heidelberg, 1932], pp. 1-134).
zhi ldan|Son of the buddha Candra.
zhi ldan|Attendant of the buddha Hutārci.
zhi ldan|One of the tathāgatas attending the delivery of the MMK.
zhi stobs|The 712th buddha in the first list, 711th in the second list, and 701st in the third list.
zhib ma mo|A boy in a story the Buddha tells to explain why Śāriputra is his brightest student. The pratyekabuddha brother of Sūkṣmā, a prior incarnation of Śāriputra.
zhib mo brtags pa'i mkhas pa dang 'dzangs pas rig pa|Mahāvyutpatti 2918.
zhib mo|The younger sister of the pratyekabuddha Śūrpī and also a prior incarnation of Śāriputra.
zhib pa shes pa|“Subtle wisdom” is the opposite of “coarse wisdom” (sthūlajñāna). The latter is the conventional wisdom or knowledge, and the former is the wisdom or gnosis that does not accept or reject.
zhing bzangs|Father of the buddha Arhadyaśas.
zhing bzang|The 494th buddha in the first list, 493rd in the second list, and 487th in the third list.
zhing dbyangs phreng ba'i blo gros can|A realm in the distant past. See https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-037-007.html#UT22084-037-007-3107 .
zhing khams|This term denotes the operational field of a specific buddha, spontaneously arising as a result of their altruistic aspirations. (See also https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-94 ).
zhing pa|A village.
zhing thams cad kyi rgyan bkod pa kun tu ston pa|A bodhisattva mahāsattva present in the Buddha’s assembly. His name means “Revealing the Ornamental Displays of All Buddhafields.”
zhing yongs su sbyong ba|The process by which bodhisattvas manifest the realms in which they will enact their awakened activity.
zhing|A type of power place where yogins and yoginīs congregate.
zhing|The field of activity of a specific buddha, manifested through the power of their merit, wisdom, and aspirations.
zho gdong|A certain yakṣa, who with a blazing scepter will club the head of the monk Aṅgada, who in turn had murdered the arhat Sūrata hastening the Dharma’s disappearance from this world.
zho shas 'tsho ba|A government officer or official. Also a day-laborer.
zho'i brgyad|A coin of a particular weight or measure.
zhol|A xylograph Kangyur printed in 1934. Based mainly on the Narthang ({snar thang}) Kangyur but with some texts following the Degé Kangyur, it is among several Kangyurs of “mixed” lineage, including elements from the Thempangma ({them spangs ma}) in addition to the predominating Tshalpa ({tshal pa}) traditions.
zho|A unit of weight equal to about twelve grams.
zho|A unit of weight equal to either 176 or 280 grains troy.
zho|A unit of weight equal to 280 grains troy, or sometimes 176 grains troy.
zho|An ancient Indian weight used for gold or silver, which is around 280 grains troy (about 18 grams).
zho|An ancient Indian weight that is the equivalent of about nine grams or around one third of an ounce.
zhu ba'i dge slong|The monk who acts as intermediary between a candidate for ordination and the saṅgha.
zhum med dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Vikrāntagamin (561 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zhum med sems|Attendant of the buddha Prabhūta.
zhum med|Son of the buddha Toṣitatejas.
zhum med|Attendant of the buddha Vidhijña.
zhum med|Father of the buddha Puṣpaprabha.
zhum pa med dbyangs|The 560th buddha in the first list, 560th in the second list, and 553rd in the third list.
zhun mar|A kind of dairy product made from fermented milk.
zhun mar|An acceptable form of medicine for a monk, as identified in the Four Supports section of the ordination ritual.
zi ra|Cuminum cyminum.
zil gnon|Short form of Mahābhijñā jñānābhi bhū.
zil gyis gnon pa'i skye mched brgyad|Refers to the miraculous perceptual transformation that ensues when one (1) regards lesser external forms, (2) regards greater external forms, (3) regards blue shapes, (4) regards yellow shapes, (5) regards red shapes, (6) regards white shapes, (7) abides in the station of endless space, and (8) abides in the station of endless consciousness.
zil gyis gnon pa'i skye mched brgyad|These refer to the miraculous perceptual transformation that ensues when one: (1) regards lesser external forms; (2) regards greater external forms; (3) regards blue external forms; (4) regards yellow external forms; (5) regards red external forms; (6) regards white external forms; (7) abides in the sense field of infinite space; (8) abides in the sense field of infinite consciousness.\nFor a complete explanation, see https://read.84000.co/translation/UT22084-031-002.html#UT22084-031-002-205 .
zil gyis gnon pa'i skye mched|The ability to disassociate oneself from external appearances based on attainment in concentration.
zil gyis gnon pa'i skye mched|Eight stages of mastery over the senses is a classic formula describing the process of stabilizing the mind through meditation. They are divided by form (attractive, unattractive, good, and bad) and color (white, red, yellow, and blue).
zil gyis gnon pa'i skye mched|This refers to the miraculous perceptual transformation that ensues when one (1) regards lesser external forms, (2) regards greater external forms, (3) regards blue external forms, (4) regards yellow external forms, (5) regards red external forms, (6) regards white external forms, (7) abides in the sphere of infinite space, or (8) abides in the sphere of infinite consciousness.
zil gyis gnon pa|A world system.
zil gyis mi non grags pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Suvayas (338 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zil gyis mi non pa'i 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Anantatejas.
zil gyis mi non pa'i cod pan|A bodhisattva.
zil gyis mi non pa'i mdog can|Mother of the buddha Jyeṣṭhavādin.
zil gyis mi non pa'i tog gi rgyal mtshan rgyal po|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Amoghagāmin.
zil gyis mi non pa|The name of an absorption.
zil gyis mi non pa|Mother of the buddha Pārthiva.
zil gyis mi non pa|Son of the buddha Siṃhadhvaja.
zil gyis mi non pa|Birthplace of the buddha Vimuktilābhin.
zil gyis mi non pa|A king of the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations.
zil gyis mi non pa|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nirjvara.
zil gyis mi non|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śuddhasāgara.
zil gyis non pa myed pa'i cod pan|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
zil mi non pa|A buddha field in the eastern direction.
zil mi non|Mother of the buddha Rāhu.
zil mi non|Son of the buddha Śobhita.
zil non ye shes|The 173rd buddha in the first list, 172nd in the second list, and 172nd in the third list.
zla 'od gzhon nur gyur pa|The name of a bodhisattva present in the Buddha’s retinue.
zla 'od gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva, the principal interlocutor of the Buddha in The Teaching on the Effulgence of Light.
zla 'od gzhon nu|The young man of Rājagrha who is the principal interlocutor for the Samādhirājasūtra. He is frequently addressed as “youth” or “young man,” (Skt. kumāra; Tib. {gzhon nu}).
zla 'od ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
zla 'od pha rol phyin|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Pratibhānakūṭa.
zla 'od rgyal po|A buddha.
zla 'od|The 488th buddha in the first list, 487th in the second list, and 481st in the third list.
zla 'od|(1) One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching. (2) A buddha in the eastern buddha realm Pariśuddha.
zla 'od|One of the bodhisattva great beings. He is also the principal interlocutor of http://read.84000.co/translation/toh127.html .
zla 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dhārmika (657 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla 'od|(1) Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Possessing Sun. (2) Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Supreme Fragrance.
zla 'od|The young man of Rājagrha who is the principal interlocutor for the Samādhirājasūtra. He is frequently addressed as “youth” or “young man,” (Skt. kumāra; Tib. {gzhon nu}); see “the youth Candraprabha.”
zla 'phags 'od zer|A distant world system where the Buddha Exalted Lotus Beaming Light resides.
zla ba 'dra|A forest in Dwelling on Summits.
zla ba 'phags pa'i 'od zer|A buddha.
zla ba 'phags pa'i 'od|A buddha realm.
zla ba 'phags pa'i dpal|A buddha.
zla ba 'phags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
zla ba 'phags|A buddha realm.
zla ba 'phags|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Guṇatejoraśmi.
zla ba bas lhag pa'i 'od|A bodhisattva; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
zla ba bde ba|A certain high brahmin in Śrāvastī whose wife, upon conceiving, began wishing to engage in philosophical debate. She then gave birth to the great debater named Candrā, a nun who learned the Prātimokṣa Sūtra by heart after hearing the Buddha recite it just once.
zla ba bzang ma|The wife of a householder in this sūtra.
zla ba bzang po|Name of the fourth meditative stability.
zla ba bzang po|The king of Śambhala requesting this tantra.
zla ba bzang po|A householder, the kalyāṇamitra in chapter 50.
zla ba bzang po|Lit. “good moon.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
zla ba bzang po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Satyaketu.
zla ba bzang po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Śreṣṭharūpa (563 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba bzang|A bodhisattva.
zla ba bzang|The 853rd buddha in the first list, 852nd in the second list, and 842nd in the third list.
zla ba can|A buddha realm above.
zla ba can|Birthplace of the buddha Muktiskandha.
zla ba can|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Melody of a Lotus.
zla ba can|The world system where the great seer Ulka will become enlightened as the Buddha Vipaśyin.
zla ba can|(1) Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Shining Like Gold. (2) Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Guru of the Moon. (3) Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Melody of a Lotus.
zla ba chen po|A bodhisattva.
zla ba chen po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnapriya (866 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba dam pa'i ye shes|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
zla ba dga' ba|A lake on Equal Peaks.
zla ba dga' ba|One of the Buddhist mleccha kings.
zla ba dga' ba|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Gandhahastin.
zla ba dga' bo|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara.
zla ba dga'|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Vigatatamas.
zla ba dgyes pa|The 782nd buddha in the first list, 781st in the second list, and 770th in the third list.
zla ba dpal|A prince, who later became the buddha Jewel Crown Ornament.
zla ba dpal|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Light of the Sun.
zla ba dri ma med pa'i gzi brjid rgyal po|A buddha.
zla ba dri ma med pa'i snying po|A bodhisattva mahāsattva.
zla ba dri ma med pa'i tog dpal rgyal mtshan|Son of the buddha Tejorāja.
zla ba dri ma med pa|Lit. “stainless moon.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
zla ba dri ma med|Name of the universe where the Buddha Guṇarāja prabhāsa will appear in the future.
zla ba dri med blo gros|A king.
zla ba gang|A bodhisattva.
zla ba grags pa|A prominent seventh-century master of the Madhyamaka (Middle Way) tradition.
zla ba grags pa|(c. sixth century). The most important Mādhyamika philosopher after Nāgārjuna and Āryadeva, he refined the philosophical methods of the school to such a degree that later members of the tradition considered him one of the highest authorities on the subject of the profound nature of reality.
zla ba grags pa|The famed seventh-century Indian Buddhist master known most for his Madhyamaka treatises commenting on the works of the second- to third-century master Nāgārjuna. In Tibet, where Candrakīrti’s exegetical writings form the foundation for the study of Indian Madhyamaka thought, he is celebrated as a proponent of the Prāsaṅgika Madhyamaka approach in particular.
zla ba gzigs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tacchaya (231 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba la rtsub pa|A nāga king.
zla ba lha|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Guṇaskandha (211 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba lta bur gsung|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Maruttejas (445 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba lta bu|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Sovereign King of All Flowers’ Fragrance.
zla ba ltar dkar ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Melodious.
zla ba lter rnam par snang ba|One of the two primary bodhisattvas who accompany the Thus-Gone One Bhaiṣajya guru vaiḍūrya prabha rāja in the buddhafield Vaiḍūrya nirbhāsa.
zla ba ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
zla ba mchog|One of the muhūrtas.
zla ba me tog bzang po|Birthplace of the buddha Kusumaraśmi.
zla ba mthong bar 'dod pa'i tshal|One of the twenty-seven realms in the Heaven Free from Strife.
zla ba nya ba'i 'od dri ma med pa|Name of the 101st meditative stability.
zla ba nya ba'i 'od dri ma med pa|Lit. “light of the stainless full moon.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
zla ba nyams pa|The sixteenth solar phase.
zla ba phyed pa'i ma ning|Someone who is female for half of the month and then becomes male for the other half; someone who is stricken with female desires for half of the month and male desires for the other half; or a person who has a sexual disability for half of the month. One of the five types of person labeled a paṇḍaka, all of whom are barred from joining the renunciate order.
zla ba rgyu ba|A river on Saṅkāśa.
zla ba rnam par 'phags pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
zla ba rnam par snang byed|Birthplace of the buddha Priyacandra.
zla ba sbas|Or Candragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Empire.
zla ba sdug|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ratnottama (379 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba sgron ma 'dzin pa|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
zla ba sgron ma|A buddha realm.
zla ba shar ba|A magical tree, the name of which means “rising moon.”
zla ba shin tu rnam par dag pa'i 'od|A goddess of the night in the distant past.
zla ba skal ldan|The river Chenab (personified).
zla ba skyong|A prince of Pañcāla.
zla ba snang ba|A world system.
zla ba snang ba|A southeastern buddha realm.
zla ba snang ba|Birthplace of the buddha Ratnapriya.
zla ba snang ba|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Source of Power.
zla ba snang ba|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Sun.
zla ba snang ba|(1) Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Sun. (2) Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Source of Power.
zla ba snang mdzad|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Matimat (760 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba snang|A great bodhisattva.
zla ba srung|A nāga king.
zla ba tog gi 'od zer|A buddha.
zla ba'i 'dab ldan|Mother of the buddha Bhavāntadarśin.
zla ba'i 'gros|Mother of the buddha Utpala.
zla ba'i 'od ldan pa|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Tiṣya (370 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i 'od ldan|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sumanā puṣpa prabha (456 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i 'od zer gzhon nur gyur pa|A bodhisattva.
zla ba'i 'od zer|One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching.
zla ba'i 'od zer|The 613th buddha in the first list, 612th in the second list, and 606th in the third list.
zla ba'i 'od|Lit. “moonlight.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
zla ba'i 'od|One of the sixteen great bodhisattvas. The content of the list varies from text to text.
zla ba'i 'od|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Jñānābhibhū.
zla ba'i 'od|(1) One of the bodhisattvas attending this teaching. (2) A buddha in the eastern buddha realm Pariśuddha.
zla ba'i 'od|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Bodhidhvaja (894 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i 'od|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Fragrance of Aloeswood. Likely an alternate name of the thus-gone one Light of the Sublime Precious Moon.
zla ba'i bla ma'i ye shes ldan|A bodhisattva.
zla ba'i bla ma|Son of the buddha Nirbhaya.
zla ba'i bla ma|A bodhisattva in the Buddha’s retinue.
zla ba'i bla ma|A nāga king; a member of the Buddha’s retinue.
zla ba'i bla ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Moon.
zla ba'i bla ma|Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Overwhelming with Golden Light.
zla ba'i bla ma|(1) Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Endowed with Moon. (2) Name of the world system of the thus-gone one Overwhelming with Golden Light.
zla ba'i blo gros|A king.
zla ba'i blo gros|Candrabuddhi (Moon-Like Intellect) is a buddha who inhabits a buddhafield. In http://read.84000.co/translation/toh44-37.html#UT22084-036-008-60 his buddhafield is named Color of the Mirror Disk, and in http://read.84000.co/translation/toh104.html#UT22084-048-004-73 it is named Ādarśa maṇḍala cakra nirghoṣā.
zla ba'i blo|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Arthadarśin.
zla ba'i bu|One of the Buddha’s former rebirths.
zla ba'i bzhin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Nārāyaṇa.
zla ba'i dbang po|Father of the buddha Vāsava.
zla ba'i dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Dharmadatta (683 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i dkyi 'khor rnam dag rgyal po|A buddha.
zla ba'i dkyil 'khor gyi 'od zer|A buddha realm.
zla ba'i dkyil 'khor rnam dag rgyal po|A buddha.
zla ba'i dkyil 'khor rnam dag|A buddha who lives in a buddha realm to the north of this world.
zla ba'i dkyil 'khor|A buddha in the distant past.
zla ba'i dpal|A great bodhisattva.
zla ba'i dpal|An upāsaka in Dhanyākara.
zla ba'i dpal|A bodhisattva present in Śrāvastī.
zla ba'i dpal|“Moon Glory.” The name of a past kalpa. BHS verse: Somaśiri.
zla ba'i dpal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Vīryadatta.
zla ba'i dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Velāmaprabha (860 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i gdugs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sāgara (380 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i gling|A well-known site of pilgrimage in Bengal. Candradvīpa was a prosperous kingdom with Buddhist sites, located on what is now the south coast of Bangladesh, centered on the Barisal district.
zla ba'i gnas ltar nya ba|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. Also called Moving Like the Moon.
zla ba'i gnas ltar rgyu ba|A realm in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three. Also called Resembling the Full Moon.
zla ba'i gtsug phud can|A devaputra present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zla ba'i gzi brjid mthu|Father of the buddha Asaṅgadhvaja.
zla ba'i gzi brjid|Father of the buddha Mahāmeru.
zla ba'i gzi brjid|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zla ba'i gzi brjid|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sujñāna (749 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i kha|A type of worm ({srin bu}) that lives in and feeds on the body.
zla ba'i lha mo|‟Moon Goddess,” in the Bhūtaḍāmara maṇḍala she is one of the eight goddesses of offerings.
zla ba'i lha|A king.
zla ba'i lha|A bodhisattva.
zla ba'i lus|A lake on Equal Peaks.
zla ba'i mar me|A bodhisattva.
zla ba'i me tog|A buddha.
zla ba'i me tog|Mother of the buddha Candraprabha.
zla ba'i phreng ba|A buddha.
zla ba'i phreng ba|A realm below that of Rāhu.
zla ba'i phung po|One of the future buddhas of this kalpa.
zla ba'i rgyal mtshan 'od|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zla ba'i rgyal mtshan dpal gyi dpal|A buddha in the distant past.
zla ba'i rgyal mtshan tog|Name of fifth meditative stability.
zla ba'i rgyal mtshan tog|Lit. “crest of the moon’s victory banner.” Name of a meditative stabilization.
zla ba'i rgyal mtshan|A buddha realm.
zla ba'i rgyal mtshan|A realm in the distant past.
zla ba'i rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kusumaraśmi.
zla ba'i rgyal po|A great bodhisattva.
zla ba'i ri bo|(1) A mountain to the north of Jambudvīpa ({zla ba'i ri bo}). (2) A mountain upon which the gods of the Four Great Kings will take position while awaiting the asura army ({ri bo zla ba}).
zla ba'i ris|Name of a yakṣa.
zla ba'i ri|Father of the buddha Lokaprabha.
zla ba'i ri|A mountain on the northern border of the Middle Country earlier in the current eon, during the time of the Buddha Kāśyapa.
zla ba'i sde|Another name of the king Gopendra.
zla ba'i sgron ma'i rgyal po|A buddha from the past.
zla ba'i sgron ma|Name of the forty-seventh meditative stability.
zla ba'i sgron ma|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Replete with Coral Trees.
zla ba'i sgron|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Pūritāṅga (570 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i shugs|A river in Godānīya.
zla ba'i smin ma|Name of a brahmin, a former incarnation of the Buddha while he was a practicing bodhisattva.
zla ba'i snying po dpal|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Śodhita.
zla ba'i snying po|A bodhisattva.
zla ba'i snying po|Name of a bodhisattva.
zla ba'i snying po|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Meghasvara.
zla ba'i snying po|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Gaṇendra (725 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i stobs|Father of the buddha Śrīgarbha.
zla ba'i stobs|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Pūrṇamati.
zla ba'i thig le|A sign in Sanskrit indicating nasalization of the vowel it is written above; it consists of a horizontal crescent with its horns pointing up and a dot above it.
zla ba'i thugs|A buddha.
zla ba'i thugs|Candrabuddhi (Moon-Like Mind) is a buddha who inhabits the buddhafield Ādarśamaṇḍala cakra nirghoṣā.
zla ba'i ting nge 'dzin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Devaruta.
zla ba'i tog gi rgyal mtshan|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sūrata.
zla ba'i tog|Father of the buddha Candraprabha.
zla ba'i tog|Birthplace of the buddha Śrīgupta.
zla ba'i tog|The name of Subhūti when he becomes a buddha.
zla ba'i tog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Samṛddha.
zla ba'i tog|The 213th buddha in the first list, 212th in the second list, and 212th in the third list.
zla ba'i tog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Siṃhagātra (208 according to the third enumeration first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ba'i yon tan bdag po|A buddha.
zla ba'i zhal|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Rāhudeva.
zla ba'i zhal|The 202nd buddha in the first list, 201st in the second list, and 201st in the third list.
zla ba'i zhal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Baladeva (167 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla bas brgyan pa|A buddha realm to the south.
zla bas brgyan|Birthplace of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.
zla bas byin pa|A king in an age prior to that of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zla bas byin|Son of the buddha Vigatatamas.
zla bas rab tu brgyan pa'i 'od zer|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Subhaga.
zla bas rab tu brgyan pa'i gzi brjid 'od zer dbyang|Son of the buddha Akṣobhyavarṇa.
zla ba|The 216th buddha in the first list, 215th in the second list, and 215th in the third list.
zla ba|Literally “Moon.” Here it seems to be referring to the principal deity of the moon, who goes by the same name.
zla ba|Another name of the king Mahendra; the Gupta emperor Viṣṇugupta (early eighth century); the name of a celestial bodhisattva.
zla ba|The deity of the moon, as well as the moon itself. In the Kāraṇḍavyūha, when Avalokiteśvara emanates Candra, it is the deity that is meant.
zla ba|One of the bodhisattvas attending the delivery of the MMK; one of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK; the moon; the god of the moon; one of the twelve kṣaṇas; the Gauḍa king Śaśāṅka of the early seventh century ce; one of the kings of Vārāṇasī.
zla ba|Daughter of the high brahmin Candrasukha of Śrāvastī, her mother, during her pregnancy, wished to engage in philosophical debate. She herself grew up to be a great debater. Ordained a nun, she learned the Prātimokṣa Sūtra by heart after hearing the Buddha recite it just once.
zla bzangs|A jewel.
zla bzangs|Mother of the buddha Vajradhvaja.
zla bzangs|Attendant of the buddha Candraprabha.
zla bzang|Name of a future buddha.
zla bzang|Son of the buddha Ajitagaṇa.
zla bzang|Attendant of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.
zla bzang|Father of the buddha Puṣpa dama sthita.
zla bzang|One of the pratyeka buddhas attending the delivery of the MMK.
zla bzang|The 932nd buddha in the first list, 931st in the second list, and 922nd in the third list.
zla bzhin don yod mchog|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Kṣatriya.
zla bzhin mdzes ma|Mother of the buddha Lokacandra.
zla bzhin|Mother of the buddha Candra.
zla bzhin|A night goddess in the distant past.
zla bzhin|Attendant of the buddha Anantatejas.
zla chen|A nāga king.
zla dbang|Attendant of the buddha Jñānasāgara.
zla dga'|Attendant of the buddha Vaidya.
zla dga'|A brahmin; a former incarnation of the Buddha.
zla dpal bla ma|Attendant of the buddha Bahudevaghuṣṭa.
zla dpal ma|Mother of the buddha Ratnagarbha.
zla gang|A bodhisattva present at the sūtra’s teaching.
zla gdugs|Son of the buddha Mahāprabha.
zla gdugs|Attendant of the buddha Ratnadhara.
zla gdugs|Father of the buddha Dharmacchattra.
zla gdugs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānapriya.
zla gdugs|The 505th buddha in the first list, 505th in the second list, and 498th in the third list.
zla gdugs|(1) Chief of the Licchavi. (2) Son of the king Ratnacchattra, mentioned in the former-life story told by the Buddha to Śakra in Chapter 12.
zla ldan dbyangs|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Asaṅgadhvaja (863 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla ldan ma|Mother of the buddha Nirbhaya.
zla ldan ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
zla ldan|Son of the buddha Vegajaha.
zla ldan|Birthplace of the buddha Guṇadhvaja.
zla ldan|Mother of the buddha Sthitārtha jñānin.
zla legs|Mother of the buddha Guṇacūḍa.
zla legs|Son of the buddha Bhava tṛṣṇā mala prahīṇa.
zla legs|Attendant of the buddha Vigata mohārtha cintin.
zla ltar shar|The 844th buddha in the first list, 843rd in the second list, and 833rd in the third list.
zla lta|Mother of the buddha Mahādarśana.
zla lus|Father of the buddha Dṛḍhavikrama.
zla mchog dad pa'i tog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Jñānapriya.
zla mchog dpal|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Sulocana (638 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla mchog ma|Mother of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.
zla mchog|A bodhisattva.
zla mchog|Father of the buddha Sucandra.
zla mchog|Son of the buddha Cāritratīrtha.
zla mchog|Mother of the buddha Dharma pradīpākṣa.
zla mchog|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhasaṃdhi.
zla mchog|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Ugratejas (474 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla mdzes ma|One of the vidyārājñīs dwelling with Śākyamuni in the realm of the Pure Abode.
zla mdzes|The name of an ancient king.
zla mdzes|Son of the buddha Ratnapriya.
zla mo|One of the goddesses invited to partake in the oblation offering.
zla mthong|Father of the buddha Viśvadeva.
zla mthong|A nāga king present in the assembly of the Buddha Śākyamuni.
zla nyi bzang|Mother of the buddha Ratnākara.
zla nyi'i 'od|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Citraraśmi.
zla nyi|Son of the buddha Lokasundara.
zla nyi|Attendant of the buddha Bhavapuṣpa.
zla rgyal|The 512th buddha in the first list, 512th in the second list, and 505th in the third list.
zla rgyas|Father of the buddha Janendra.
zla ri|Father of the buddha Aśoka.
zla rkang|Son of the buddha Pradyota.
zla sbed|Son of the buddha Duṣpradharṣa.
zla sbyin|A buddha.
zla sbyin|Name of a past king in a story Buddha tells.
zla sdug 'od|Mother of the buddha Kusumaprabha.
zla sdug|Son of the buddha Ratnacandra.
zla sdug|Attendant of the buddha Prasanna.
zla sdug|Son of the buddha Sthitārtha jñānin.
zla sdug|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śailendrarāja.
zla sgron|The 572nd buddha in the first list, 572nd in the second list, and 565th in the third list.
zla sgron|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Yaśomati (108 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla snang|Son of the buddha Candraprabha.
zla snang|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Aśokarāṣṭra (981 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla spyod|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Sārathi.
zla stobs can|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Śrīdeva.
zla zhal|The tenth buddha in a kalpa in the distant past.
zlas byin dbyangs|Foremost in terms of insight among the followers of the buddha Dharmamati.
zlas byin|Son of the buddha Siddhārtha.
zlas byin|Attendant of the buddha Vegajaha.
zlas byin|Son of the buddha Dharma pradīpākṣa.
zlas byin|Foremost in terms of miraculous abilities among the followers of the buddha Dṛḍhakrama.
zlas byin|Buddha in the presence of whom the buddha Anupama (274 according to the third enumeration) first gave rise to the mind of awakening.
zla|Son of the buddha Manuṣyacandra.
zlog cing sgyur bar byed pa|The name of a karmic wind involved in the formation of an embryo in its eighth week.
zong rnying|A loanword from the Graeco-Roman denarius, meaning coin.
zug rngu 'byin pa|Name of a buddha.
zug rngu med pa'i blo|Name of the thus-gone one of the world system Slope of Mount Sumeru.
zung shig|(cf. Sanskrit text in Matsuda 2013, p. 940 ad Lamotte VIII.41). Dhāraya is a causative imperative of dhṛ-.
zungs thams cad las mngon par 'phags pa'i rgyal po|Name of an absorption.
zur la gnas pa|A realm inhabited by garland-bearer gods.
zur phu lnga|Epithet of Mañjuśrī.
zur phud lnga pa|An eminent gandharva.
zur phud lnga pa|A gandharva known for playing the lute.
zur phud lnga pa|A certain young gandharva allied with the god Śakra.