# Linux Cheat ![logo](logo.jpg)

Linux tutorials and cheatsheets. Minimal examples. Mostly user-land CLI utilities. Linux kernel at: <https://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat>

Includes Linux concepts and utilities that work on Linux, not necessarily in the LSB. So this is a big dump of useful things, and when something gets big / useful enough, I split to another repository.

1.  Related repositories
    1. [Ubuntu Cheat](https://github.com/cirosantilli/ubuntu-cheat)
    1. [C++ Cheat](https://github.com/cirosantilli/cpp-cheat)
    1. [Networking Cheat](https://github.com/cirosantilli/networking-cheat)
    1. [Gnuplot Cheat](https://github.com/cirosantilli/gnuplot-cheat)
1.  [utils](utils.sh) dump of many utilities. Being split up into separate files.
1.  Documentation viewers
    1. [man](man.md)
    1. [info](info.md)
1.  Base standards
    1.  [POSIX](posix.md)
        1.  [POSIX regular expressions](posix-regular-expressions.md)
    1.  [LSB](lsb.md)
    1.  [FHS](fhs.md)
    1.  [GNU](gnu.md)
1.  [Linux](linux.md)
    1.  [Alternatives](alternatives.md)
        1. [Hurd](hurd.md)
        1. [BSD](bsd.md)
    1.  [Distros](distros.md)
        1. [Minimal distros](minimal-distros.md)
        1. [Buildroot](buildroot.md)
    1.  [Linux runs on](linux-runs-on.md)
1.  [Kernel](kernel/)
    1. [System Call](system-call.md)
    1. [sysctl](sysctl.md)
    1. [dmesg](dmesg.md)
    1. [installkernel](installkernel.md)
    1. [TTY](tty.md)
1.  Initialization
    1.  [Install Operating System](install-operating-system.md)
    1.  [Boot](boot.md)
    1.  [Init](init.md): System V, Upstart
1.  System information
    1.  [lsb_release](lsb_release.md)
    1.  [uname](uname.md)
    1.  [Hardware](hardware.md)
        1. [lshw](lshw.md)
        1. [cpuid](cpuid.md)
        1. [lspci](lspci.md)
        1. [lsusb](lsusb.md)
1.  [Filesystem](filesystem.md)
    1.  [File permissions](file-permissions.md)
    1.  [Hardlink](hardlink.md)
    1.  [badblocks](badblocks.md)
    1.  [bindfs](bindfs.md)
    1.  [blkid](blkid.md)
    1.  [fdisk](fdisk.md)
    1.  [FUSE](fuse.md)
    1.  [Forensic rm](forensic-rm.md)
    1.  [fuser](fuser.md)
    1.  [lsblk](lsblk.md)
    1.  [fstab](fstab.md)
    1.  [mountall](mountall.md)
    1.  [pathchk](pathchk.md)
    1.  [rsync](rsync.md)
    1.  [rm](rm.md)
    1.  [sync](sync.md)
    1.  [swap partition](swap-partition.md)
    1.  [tune2fs](tune2fs.md)
    1.  [UUID](uuid.md)
    1.  OverlayFS
        1.  [overlayfs.sh](overlayfs.sh)
        1.  [overlayfs-multi-upper.sh](overlayfs-multi-upper.sh)
        1.  [overlayfs-multi-lower.sh](overlayfs-multi-lower.sh)
    1.  ext filesystems
        1.  [e2label](e2label.md)
        1.  [e2fsck](e2fsck.md)
        1.  [mke2fs](mke2fs.sh)
        1.  [mke2fs-multi](mke2fs-multi.sh)
    1.  Virtual filesystems
        1.  [proc filesystem](proc-filesystem.md)
        1.  [dev filesystem](dev-filesystem.md)
            1. [mknod](mknod.md)
            1. [/dev/loop](loop.md)
            1. [/dev/sr0](sr0.md)
        1.  [sysfs](sysfs.md)
        1.  [ramfs](ramfs.md)
        1.  [binfmt_misc filesystem](binfmt-misc-filesystem.md)
        1.  [NFS](nfs.md)
    1.  Files, directories
        1.  [cp](cp.sh)
        1.  [dd](dd.md)
        1.  [du](du.md)
        1.  [fallocate](fallocate.md)
        1.  [fdupes](fdupes.md)
        1.  [find](find.md)
        1.  Links
            1. [ln](ln.md)
            1. [readlink](readlink.md)
            1. [realpath](realpath.md)
        1.  [locate](locate.md)
        1.  [ls](ls.md)
        1.  [mktemp](mktemp.md)
        1.  [read](read.md)
        1.  [stat](stat.md)
        1.  [tree](tree.md)
    1.  Permissions
        1.  [chown](chown.sh)
        1.  [chmod](chmod.sh)
    1.  File managers
        1.  [Krusader](krusader.md)
        1.  [CLI file managers](cli-file-managers.md)
            1.  [vifm](vifm.md)
    1.  Partitions
        1.  [parted](parted.md)
        1.  [gparted](gparted.md)
        1.  [Home partition](home-partition.md)
        1.  [MBR](mbr.md)
        1.  [GPT](gpt.md)
    1.  [CD DVD](cd-dvd.md)
        1. [isoinfo](isoinfo.md)
        1. [eject](eject.md)
1.  [Terminal](terminal.md): terminal emulators, ANSI escapes, control characters
    1. [Guake](guake.sh)
1.  Stream and file manipulation
    1. [cat](cat.md)
    1. [head](head.md)
    1. [rev](rev.sh)
    1. [pr](pr.md)
    1. [tac](tac.md)
    1. [tail](tail.md)
    1. [truncate](truncate.md)
1.  Pagers
    1. [less](less.md)
    1. [more](more.md)
    1. [pg](pg.md)
1.  Text processing
    1. [awk](awk.sh)
    1. [echo](echo.sh)
    1. [column](column.md)
    1. [cut](cut.sh)
    1. [expand](expand.md)
    1. [fold](fold.md)
    1. [paste](paste.md)
    1. [printf](printf.sh)
    1. [sed](sed.sh)
    1. [split](split.md)
    1. [strings](strings.md)
    1. [tabs](tabs.md)
    1. [uniq](uniq.md)
    1. [uuencode](uuencode.md), `uudecode`
    1. [wc](wc.md)
1.  IDEs
    1. [Eclipse](eclipse.md)
    1. [Code::Blocks](codeblocks.md)
    1. [KDevelop](kdevelop.md)
1.  Binary data viewers
    1. [hd](hd.md)
    1. [hexdump](hexdump.md)
    1. [od](od.md)
1.  Diff
    1. [comm](comm.md)
    1. [cmp](cmp.md)
    1. [diff](diff.md)
    1. [wdiff](diff.md)
1.  Programming
    1.  [ack](ack.sh)
    1.  Analytics
        1.  [cloc](cloc.md)
        1.  [sloccount](sloccount.md)
    1.  [ctags](ctags/)
    1.  [cscope](cscope.md)
    1.  Build systems
        1. [autotools](autotools/)
    1.  [binutils.sh](binutils.sh)
1.  Processes
    1.  procps
        1.  [free](free.md)
        1.  [kill](kill.sh)
        1.  [pgrep](pgrep.md)
        1.  [pmap](ps.md)
        1.  [ps](ps.md)
        1.  [top](top.md)
        1.  [watch](watch.md)
    1.  psmisc
        1.  [killall](killall.md)
    1.  [Shebang](shebang/)
    1.  [chroot](chroot.md)
    1.  [env](env.sh)
    1.  [htop](htop.md)
    1.  [jobs](jobs.sh)
    1.  [lsof](lsof.md)
    1.  [ltrace](ltrace.md)
    1.  [nice](nice.sh)
    1.  [nohup](nohup.sh)
    1.  [parallel](parallel.md)
    1.  [pstree](pstree.sh)
    1.  [pwd](pwd.sh)
    1.  [sleep](sleep.sh)
    1.  [strace](strace.md)
    1.  [time](time.md)
    1.  [timeout](timeout.md)
    1.  [umask](umask.md)
    1.  [ulimit](ulimit.md)
    1.  [wait](wait.sh)
1.  Date and time
    1. [cal](cal.md)
    1. [ddate](ddate.md)
    1. [date](date.md)
    1. [hwclock](hwclock.md)
    1. [Time zone](time-zone.md)
1.  Media video, games, etc.) file types, viewers, editors, capture, synthesizers
    1.  [Audio](audio/): music, sound
        1. [avconv](avconv.md)
    1.  [Book](book/): PDF, DJVU.
    1.  [Dictionary](dictionary.md): dictionary formats
    1.  [Font](font.md)
    1.  [Game](game.md): games, emulation
        1.  [Game engines](game-engines.md)
    1.  [Image](image.md)
        1.  [Formats](image-formats.md)
            1. [NetPBM](netpbm/)
        1.  [GIMP](gimp.md)
        1.  [ImageMagick](imagemagick.md)
    1.  [Video](video.md)
        1.  [Video codecs](video-codecs.md)
        1.  [Video containers](video-containers.md)
        1.  Utilities
            1.  [ffmpeg](ffmpeg.md)
                1.  [ffserver.conf](ffserver.conf)
            1.  Ripping
                1. [HandBrake](handbrake.md)
        1.  Trivia
            1. [MPEG LA](mpeg-la.md)
        1.  [VLC](vlc.md)
    1.  [Camera](camera.md)
        1.  [Video4Linux](video4linux.md)
1.  File sharing
    1. [Dropbox](dropbox.md)
    1. [Nicotine](nicotine.md)
1.  [Compression](compression.md)
    1. [7zip](7zip.md)
    1. [File Roller](file-roller.md)
    1. [RAR](rar.md)
    1. [gzip](gzip.md)
    1. [tar](tar.md)
    1. [zip](zip.md)
    1. [ar](ar.md)
1.  User accounts
    1. [id](id.md)
    1. [usermod](usermod.md)
1.  [Desktop](desktop.md)
    1.  Configuration methods
        1.  [dconf](dconf.md)
        1.  [gconf](gconf.md)
        1.  [Desktop files](desktop-files.md)
    1.  [X11](x11.md)
        1.  [wmctrl](wmctrl.md)
        1.  [xprop](xprop.md)
        1.  [xsel](xsel.md)
        1.  [xset](xset.md)
        1.  [Display manager](display-manager.md)
    1.  [freedesktop.org](freedesktop-org.md)
        1.  [D-Bus](dbus.md)
        1. [LightDM](lightdm.md)
    1.  [Window manager](window-manager.md)
    1.  [Default applications](default-applications.md)
        1.  [xdg-open](xdg-open.md)
        1.  [update-alternatives](update-alternatives.md)
    1.  [Startup programs](startup-programs.md)
    1.  Notifications
        1. [libnotify](libnotify.sh)
        1. [zenity](zenity.sh)
    1.  Screenshots
        1. [recordMyDesktop](record-my-desktop.md)
        1. [xwd](xwd.md)
    1.  [Screensaver](screensaver.md)
    1.  [IBus](ibus.md)
    1.  [logkeys](logkeys.md)
    1.  [setleds](setleds.md)
    1.  [solaar](solaar.md)
1.  Generic data formats
    1. [JSON](json.md)
    1. [XML](xml/)
1.  Character encoding
    1. [Unicode](unicode.md)
        1. [iconv](iconv.md)
1.  Markup
    1. [Kramdown](kramdown/)
    1. [Pandoc](pandoc/)
    1. [RST](rst/)
1.  [Virtualization](virtualization.md)
    1.  [Docker](docker/)
    1.  [QEMU](qemu.md)
        1.  [debootstrap-ubuntu-qemu.sh](debootstrap-ubuntu-qemu.sh)
        1.  [debootstrap-ubuntu-qemu-arm.sh](debootstrap-ubuntu-qemu-arm.sh)
        1.  [debootstrap-debian-qemu.sh](debootstrap-debian-qemu.sh)
        1.  [ubuntu-18.04-server-cloudimg-amd64.sh](ubuntu-18.04-server-cloudimg-amd64.sh)
        1.  [ubuntu-18.04-server-cloudimg-arm64.sh](ubuntu-18.04-server-cloudimg-arm64.sh)
        1.  [ubuntu-18.04.1.0-live-server-amd64.sh](ubuntu-18.04.1.0-live-server-amd64.sh)
        1.  [ubuntu-18.04.1-server-arm64.sh](ubuntu-18.04.1-server-arm64.sh)
        1.  [ubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.sh](ubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.sh)
        1.  [ovmf.sh](ovmf.sh)
    1.  [Xen](xen.md)
    1.  [Vagrant](vagrant/)
    1.  [Intel SDE](intel-sde.md)
    1.  [gem5](gem5.md)
1.  [Configuration automation](config-automation.md)
    1. [chef](chef/)
    1. [puppet](puppet.md)
1.  Communication
    1.  [Chat](chat.sh)
        1.  [IRC](irc.sh)
            1. [Xchat](xchat.md)
1.  Printer
    1.  [CUPS](cups.md)
        1.  [lp](lp.md)
        1.  [lpstat](lpstat.md)
        1.  [lpoptions](lpoptions.md)
        1.  [system-config-printer](system-config-printer.md)
    1.  [ink](ink.md)
    1.  Scan
        1.  [Simple scan](simple-scan.md)
        1.  [HP](hp.md)
1.  Mathematics
    1.  [bc](bc.md)
    1.  [coq](coq/)
    1.  [factor](factor.md)
    1.  [primes](primes.md)
    1.  [seq](seq.md)
    1.  [shuf](shuf.md)
    1.  Sorting
        1. [sort](sort.md)
        1. [tsort](tsort.md)
    1.  [Graphviz](graphviz.md)
        1. [acyclic](acyclic.md)
        1. [dijkstra](dijkstra.md)
        1. [gc](gc.md)
    1.  [Statistics](statistics.md)
1.  Packages
    1. [util-linux](util-linux.md)
1.  [Physics](physics.md)
    1. [gazebo](gazebo.md)
1.  Misc
    1.  [BusyBox](busybox.md)
    1.  [cron](cron.sh)
        1.  [anacron](anacron.md)
    1.  [logrotate](logrotate.md)
    1.  [xargs](xargs.md)
1.  Security
    1. [SELinux](selinux.md)
    1. [Capabilities](capabilities.md)
1.  [Bibliography](bibliography.md)

## WIP

1.  Filesystem
    1. [devpts](devpts.md)
    1. [eCryptfs](ecryptfs.md)
    1. [rootfs](rootfs.md)
    1. [MAKEDEV](makedev.md)
1.  [gcov](gcov.md)
1.  File sharing
    1. [LDAP](ldap.md)