Spatial unit ID
Time period index
Grid row coordinate (i)
Grid column coordinate (j)
Outcome variable
Covariate x1 (effect = quadratic dome)
Covariate x2 (effect = linear gradient)
Covariate x3 (effect = constant 1.5)
Covariate x4 (null effect; spurious link to y)
True spatial context / fixed effect (sc_i)
True local slope beta1 (quadratic dome)
True local slope beta2 (linear gradient)
True local slope beta3 (constant 1.5)
True local slope beta4 (null = 0)