{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 海龟写字\n",
"恭喜你，学到这就把 Python 的基础语法基本学完了，算是学习告一小段落。现在，来做几个小项目来练练手。先以 Python 的经典名言开始。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import turtle\n",
"import time\n",
"\n",
"tony = turtle.Turtle()\n",
"pos = [(-150, 30), (80, -10)]\n",
"poem = ['人生苦短，我用 Python。','—杜甫']\n",
"tony.speed(1)\n",
"for i in range(len(pos)):\n",
" tony.penup()\n",
" tony.goto(pos[i])\n",
" tony.pendown()\n",
" tony.write(poem[i], font=(\"Kaiti Regular\", 22, \"normal\")) # 设置字体为楷体 \n",
" time.sleep(0.5)\n",
"tony.hideturtle()\n",
"turtle.done()\n",
"\n",
"try:\n",
" turtle.bye() \n",
"except turtle.Terminator:\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"运行以上程序，看会发生什么。\n",
"\n",
"## 美队之盾\n",
"接下来画个美国队长的盾牌吧！\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"
"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"盾牌由 4 个不同颜色和半径的圆组成，中间是一个五角星。这里的关键在于分好画图步骤，并计算五角星的角度和长度。将问题进行分解，再逐一解决是解决问题的常见思路。以画马为例：\n",
"\n",
"
"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"画盾牌可以分成两大步骤：\n",
"1. 画出 4 个不同颜色和大小的圆，这里可以用 turtle.dot(size, color) 来实现。\n",
"2. 画出五角星，五角星由 5 条线段组成，画完五角星之后要用白色填充形状。\n",
"\n",
"五角星每条边的长度与外接圆班级满足什么关系？自己计算一下吧！给出画图程序："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import turtle\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
"tony = turtle.Turtle()\n",
"radius = [200, 160, 120, 80]\n",
"colors = ['crimson', 'white', 'crimson', 'royalblue']\n",
"for i in range(4):\n",
" tony.dot(radius[i], colors[i])\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# 画五角星\n",
"tony.color('white') # 设置画笔颜色和填充颜色\n",
"tony.begin_fill()\n",
"r = 40\n",
"tony.goto(0, r)\n",
"tony.right(108)\n",
"for i in range(5):\n",
" tony.forward(2*r*math.cos(math.radians(18))) \n",
" tony.left(144)\n",
"tony.end_fill()\n",
"\n",
"tony.hideturtle()\n",
"turtle.done()\n",
"\n",
"try:\n",
" turtle.bye() \n",
"except turtle.Terminator:\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 魔法阵\n",
"现在来画另一个图案——魔法阵，赋予我力量吧：\n",
"\n",
"
"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"请根据上图分解画图的步骤：\n",
"\n",
"1.\n",
"\n",
"2.\n",
"\n",
"3."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import turtle\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"r1 = 100 # 中间圆的半径\n",
"l1 = 2 * r1 * math.cos(math.radians(30)) # 三角形边长\n",
"r2 = l1 * math.cos(math.radians(30)) - r1 # 最小的圆的半径\n",
"r3 = r1 + 20 # 最外面圆的半径\n",
"tony = turtle.Turtle()\n",
"tony.pencolor('purple')\n",
"tony.pensize(2)\n",
"\n",
"def draw_circle(pos, radius):\n",
" tony.penup()\n",
" tony.goto(pos)\n",
" tony.pendown()\n",
" tony.circle(radius)\n",
"\n",
"# 画三角形\n",
"def draw_triangle(pos, ang, l):\n",
" tony.penup()\n",
" tony.goto(pos)\n",
" tony.pendown()\n",
" tony.right(ang)\n",
" for i in range(3):\n",
" tony.forward(l)\n",
" tony.left(120)\n",
" tony.setheading(0)\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"draw_circle((0, -r1), r1)\n",
"draw_circle((0, -r3), r3)\n",
"draw_circle((0, -r2), r2)\n",
"draw_triangle((0, r1), 120, l1)\n",
"draw_triangle((0, -r1), 300, l1)\n",
"\n",
"tony.hideturtle()\n",
"turtle.done()\n",
"\n",
"try:\n",
" turtle.bye() \n",
"except turtle.Terminator:\n",
" pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 编程挑战\n",
"1. 为你写诗：\n",
"\n",
" 不言\n",
"\n",
" 不语\n",
"\n",
" 不忘记\n",
"\n",
" 用海龟写出三行情诗吧，或者替换成自己喜欢的诗词。\n",
"
\n",
"
\n",
"
\n",
"\n",
"2. 请画出以下图形:\n",
"\n",
"
"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
""
],
"text/plain": [
""
]
},
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from IPython.display import HTML\n",
"\n",
"# Music\n",
"HTML('')"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.5"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}