{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "8ff39ca7-ad1f-4801-a0d1-2ee258430d0b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "638572c5-f855-4044-9860-f1addcc1a0e2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
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       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Species</th>\n",
       "      <th>Observation site A</th>\n",
       "      <th>Observation site B</th>\n",
       "      <th>Observation site C</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>arctic fox</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>walrus</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>reindeer</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>polar bear</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>seal</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Species  Observation site A  Observation site B  Observation site C\n",
       "0  arctic fox                   3                   1                   0\n",
       "1      walrus                   0                   1                   1\n",
       "2    reindeer                   0                  10                   1\n",
       "3  polar bear                   1                   0                   1\n",
       "4        seal                   2                   1                   2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wide_form = pd.DataFrame(\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        \"Species\": [\"arctic fox\", \"walrus\", \"reindeer\", \"polar bear\", \"seal\"],\n",
    "        \"Observation site A\": [3, 0, 0, 1, 2],\n",
    "        \"Observation site B\": [1, 1, 10, 0, 1],\n",
    "        \"Observation site C\": [0, 1, 1, 1, 2],\n",
    "    }\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "wide_form"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "023fc7fb-9e90-4e84-9495-df3c87a3f492",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Species</th>\n",
       "      <th>Site</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of sightings</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>arctic fox</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site A</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>walrus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site A</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>reindeer</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site A</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>polar bear</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site A</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>seal</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site A</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>arctic fox</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site B</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>walrus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site B</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>reindeer</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site B</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>polar bear</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site B</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>seal</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site B</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>arctic fox</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site C</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>walrus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site C</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>reindeer</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site C</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>polar bear</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site C</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>seal</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observation site C</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       Species                Site  Number of sightings\n",
       "0   arctic fox  Observation site A                    3\n",
       "1       walrus  Observation site A                    0\n",
       "2     reindeer  Observation site A                    0\n",
       "3   polar bear  Observation site A                    1\n",
       "4         seal  Observation site A                    2\n",
       "5   arctic fox  Observation site B                    1\n",
       "6       walrus  Observation site B                    1\n",
       "7     reindeer  Observation site B                   10\n",
       "8   polar bear  Observation site B                    0\n",
       "9         seal  Observation site B                    1\n",
       "10  arctic fox  Observation site C                    0\n",
       "11      walrus  Observation site C                    1\n",
       "12    reindeer  Observation site C                    1\n",
       "13  polar bear  Observation site C                    1\n",
       "14        seal  Observation site C                    2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "long_form = wide_form.melt(\"Species\", var_name=\"Site\", value_name=\"Number of sightings\")\n",
    "\n",
    "long_form"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "ee7f9a80-a691-421f-a3c6-a93672d40e83",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th>Site</th>\n",
       "      <th>Species</th>\n",
       "      <th>Observation site A</th>\n",
       "      <th>Observation site B</th>\n",
       "      <th>Observation site C</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>arctic fox</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>polar bear</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>reindeer</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>seal</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>walrus</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Site     Species  Observation site A  Observation site B  Observation site C\n",
       "0     arctic fox                   3                   1                   0\n",
       "1     polar bear                   1                   0                   1\n",
       "2       reindeer                   0                  10                   1\n",
       "3           seal                   2                   1                   2\n",
       "4         walrus                   0                   1                   1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "long_form.pivot(\n",
    "    index=\"Species\", columns=\"Site\", values=\"Number of sightings\"\n",
    ").reset_index()"
   ]
  }
 ],
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  "kernelspec": {
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