Anecdotal Fallacy ontology
type: Ontology
contributor: Dott. Stefano De Giorgis
contributor: Prof. Aldo Gangemi
created: 01/03/24
created: 20/03/2024
created: 20/3/2024
created: 27-02-2024
created: 27/02/2024
created: February 2024
created: 2024-02-20T00:00:00
creator: Alice Picco
creator: Corrado Consiglio
creator: Marco La Morte
creator: Marco Lamorte
creator: Salvatore Di Marzo
description: Anecdotal fallacy part of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: Bias Blind Spot specification in the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: Clustering illusion part of the Cognitive Bias ontology
description: Confabulation Bias specification of Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: Insensitivity to sample size part of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: Naive Cynicism specification of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: Naive Realism specification of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: Neglect of probability part of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: The Anthropomorphism module of the cognitive bias ontology
description: The Cognitive Bias Ontologies constitute a framework for categorizing and defining various cognitive biases that shape human thinking and decision-making. This project is the result of the 2023 Knowledge Representation and Extraction course held by professor Aldo Gangemi at the University of Bologna.
description: The Gamblers'Fallacy module of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: The Hot Hand Fallacy module of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: The Illusion of validity module of the cognitive bias ontology
description: The Illusory of Correlation module of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: The Masked man fallacy module of the cognitive bias ontology
description: The Pareidolia Bias module of the Cognitive Bias Ontology
description: The Recency bias module of the cognitive bias ontology
title: Anthropomorphism ontology
title: Bias Blind Spot Ontology
title: Clustering Illusion Ontology
title: Confabulation Bias Ontology
title: Hot Hand Fallacy Bias Ontology
title: Illusion of validity ontology
title: Illusory of Correlation Bias Ontology
title: Insensitivity to sample size bias ontology
title: Masked Man Fallacy ontology
title: Naive Cynicism Ontology
title: Naive Realism Ontology
title: Neglect of Probability Ontology
title: Recency bias ontology
title: The Gamblers'Fallacy Ontology Bias
title: The Pareidolias Bias Ontology
has component: Submissions:AffectedBy
has component: Submissions:Parameter
has component: Submissions:PartOf
has component: Submissions:Participation
has component: Submissions:Provenance
has component: Submissions:RecurrentEventSeries
has component: Submissions:Experience & Observation
has component: cognitivecharacteristics.html
has component: ontology
scenarios: In a lottery, a person thinks that a certain number is more likely to be drawn next because it hasn't been drawn in a long time.
scenarios: Seeing Faces in Inanimate Objects: Perceiving faces in items like electrical sockets, rocks, or tree bark due to the arrangement of patterns or shapes.
scenarios: Sports Betting: A sports bettor assumes that a team that has won several games in a row is more likely to win the next one, overlooking factors like team performance and matchups.
scenarios: Superstitions: A baseball player believes that wearing a specific pair of socks during a winning game brings good luck. However, the socks have no impact on the game's outcome, yet the player associates wearing them with success.
hascomponent: http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/Submissions:Experience_%26_Observation
hascomponent: http://purl.org/ontology/cco/core#
hascomponent: https://github.com/corrado877/CognitiveBiasOntologies/tree/main/Bias%20Blind%20Spot
hascomponent: https://w3id.org/affectedBy
hascomponent: https://w3id.org/framester/data/framestercore
userstory: As a product manager, Emily was tasked with prioritizing features for the upcoming software update. Wanting to ensure an objective and user-centric approach, she initiated a team discussion to gather input. Emily noticed that her colleague, Chris, passionately advocated for a feature related to data visualization, emphasizing its impact on user engagement. As the discussion progressed, Emily felt increasingly convinced that Chris's viewpoint was swayed by his personal interest in data visualization. However, during a later discussion, when Emily found herself advocating for a feature that streamlined workflow processes—a functionality she personally valued—she realized the potential bias in her own decision-making. It struck her that, just like Chris, her preferences and experiences were influencing her choices. Reflecting on this realization, Emily became more mindful of her own bias blind spot. She acknowledged the need to consider a broader range of user perspectives and experiences, recognizing that her personal preferences might not align with the diverse needs of the entire user base. This awareness prompted her to implement a more inclusive decision-making process for feature prioritization, ensuring a balanced consideration of different user needs and preferences.
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comment: Anthropomorphism is a cognitive bias where people attribute human characteristics, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities, objects, or animals. It is a form of personification where human traits are projected onto things that do not possess them.
comment: Bias Blind Spot refers to the cognitive bias where individuals recognize and easily identify biases in others but fail to acknowledge or perceive their own cognitive biases. It involves the tendency to believe that one is less susceptible to biases than other people, leading individuals to overlook their own subjective judgments and assumptions. The bias blind spot can hinder self-awareness and critical reflection, potentially influencing decision-making, problem-solving, and interpersonal relationships. Recognizing and addressing the bias blind spot is essential for fostering a more accurate and unbiased understanding of one's own thought processes and behaviors.
comment: Confabulation bias refers to a cognitive bias characterized by the tendency to generate fabricated or inaccurate information to fill in memory gaps, often without the individual's awareness. In confabulation, individuals create false details or narratives to explain events, experiences, or gaps in their memory. This bias can occur as a result of memory errors, the brain's attempt to make sense of incomplete information, or a desire to maintain coherence in one's personal narrative. Confabulation bias can lead to the creation of vivid and plausible but entirely fictional memories, influencing one's perception of past events.
comment: Illusory correlation bias refers to the tendency of individuals to perceive a relationship between two variables even when no such relationship exists or when the relationship is much weaker than assumed. This bias often occurs when people incorrectly associate two events or characteristics because they occur together in a particular pattern or sequence, leading to the erroneous belief that there is a causal connection between them.
comment: Insensitivity to sample size bias is a cognitive bias where people misjudge the reliability of information based on the sample size. In simpler terms, we often fail to consider how much a small group represents the larger population. This can lead to drawing false conclusions and making poor decisions. People tend to treat small and large samples as equally representative, neglecting the increased accuracy of larger samples. We overgeneralize from small samples, applying their findings to the broader population without considering the margin of error. It's related to other biases like the clustering illusion, where we underestimate randomness in small samples. Our intuition struggles with the complex relationship between sample size and statistical uncertainty, we often lack the statistical training to analyse data critically and assess its generalizability, heuristics, which are mental shortcuts, can lead us to jump to conclusions without enough evidence.
comment: Naive cynicism is a cognitive bias characterized by the tendency to doubt others' intentions and perceive actions as driven by selfish motives or ulterior motives, even in the absence of concrete evidence supporting such skepticism. Individuals exhibiting naive cynicism often display a general distrust of others, assuming that individuals or groups have hidden agendas, leading to a distorted and overly negative interpretation of people's behaviors or actions. This bias can hinder effective communication, collaboration, and relationship-building, as it contributes to an unwarranted suspicion of others' motives.
comment: Naive realism is a cognitive bias characterized by the belief that one's perception of reality is objective, accurate, and unbiased. Individuals exhibiting naive realism assume that they see the world as it truly is, and they often expect others to share the same perception. This bias can lead to the misconception that one's perspective is the only valid viewpoint, overlooking the subjective nature of perception and the fact that others may interpret and experience reality differently. Naive realism can contribute to misunderstandings, conflicts, and a lack of empathy as individuals may struggle to appreciate alternative perspectives.
comment: Pareidolia bias is a psychological phenomenon in which individuals perceive familiar patterns, shapes, or meaningful images, such as faces or objects, where none actually exist. This tendency leads people to interpret ambiguous stimuli as something recognizable and significant, even when there is no intentional design or pattern present. Pareidolia bias can occur in various sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, and tactile, and it often influences how individuals interpret stimuli in their environment, such as seeing shapes in clouds or faces in inanimate objects. This bias reflects the brain's natural inclination to organize and make sense of sensory information, sometimes leading to the perception of patterns or meanings that are not objectively there.
comment: The Gambler's Fallacy bias, also known as the Fallacy of the Maturity of Chances, is a cognitive bias that occurs when an individual believes that past events in a random or chance-based process can influence the likelihood of future events in the same process. It is a mistaken belief that, because a certain outcome has occurred frequently or infrequently in the past, the probability of that outcome occurring again in the future is somehow altered or "due" to happen.
comment: The Hot Hand Fallacy Bias, also known as the Hot Hand Fallacy, is a cognitive bias that leads people to believe that a series of successful outcomes in a random or chance-based process is more likely to continue in the short term. In other words, individuals tend to think that if they or someone else has experienced a streak of wins or successes, they are more likely to keep winning or succeeding in the near future. This bias can be observed in various contexts, such as sports, gambling, or even everyday decision-making.
comment: http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/Submissions:AOS_AGROVOC_Concept_Server_fundation_ontology_model
comment: http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/Submissions:Experience_%26_Observation

string
description: Define the participation of an entity in a process or an Activity
description: Define the relation between an entity (activity or event) and its produced outcome.

inActivity
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Assessing
  union of: Becoming Aware
  union of: Pattern
  union of: People
  union of: Perception Experience
range: Class
  union of: Decision
  union of: Activity
comment: What activity/ies are affecting or affected by a certain engagement
comment: what activity/ies are affecting or affected by a certain engagement

includes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Bias
  union of: Outcome
  union of: Activity
  union of: Event
range: Class
  union of: MemoryGap
  union of: Cognitive Connection
  union of: Evidence
  union of: Pattern
  union of: Perception Experience
comment: A relation of mereological nature that connects a given observation with the activity that originates them: it strengthens the argument that observations are always active processes from a cognitive standpoint, regardless of how conscious they may be. A standard mereological property from another content pattern may be used in lieu of this one and therefore aligned with it.

isEngagedIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
domain: People
range: Class
  union of: Action
  union of: MentalProperty
  union of: Activity
  union of: Assessing
  union of: Becoming Aware
  union of: Deciding
  union of: Event
  union of: Perception Experience
  union of: Predicting
comment: Because an activity may engage other participants than the one performing it, engagements are in general considered individual rather than collective, therefore each participants has their own engagement and only some of them will be conscious and/or documented.
comment: Links the individual to the activity which he’s engaged in.

isReflectionOn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Human feature
  union of: Cognitive Connection
  union of: Pattern
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Becoming Aware
  union of: Perception Experience
comment: Used to connect the subjective elements of an experience with the corresponding observation, which is extrapolated from the content being interacted with and in itself may not be including a critique.

producedObservation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Ambiguos Stimuli
  union of: Non-human entity
  union of: Variables
  union of: ExperiencerObj
range: Class
  union of: Human feature
  union of: Cognitive Connection
  union of: Pattern
comment: This property can be used to denote that something is (even indirectly, not necessary through direct reflection) responsible for the existence of an observation.

belief
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
domain: People
range: Class
  union of: Sequence
  union of: Belief.n.1
comment: An uncertain relation for competence representation. That means beliefs, persuasions or opinions, which can also be misconceptions. A Person who believes that a sequence of past events with the same outcome can change the probability of the outcome of the same event in the future

owns
type: ObjectProperty
domain: People
range: Class
  union of: Knowledge
  union of: Memory
comment: This property can be used to link a certain NewsProvider with a Media that the NewsProvider ows, e.g. Fox News Channel is owned by Fox Entertainment Group, which also owns other Media (FXX Channel, etc.). This is an universal property, it can be also used in different context (e.g. Ruslana owns a Persian cat).

affects
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Knowledge
  union of: Recent memory
range: Class
  union of: Perceived validity
  union of: Deciding
  union of: Perception Experience
comment: X <affects> Y. Agent X acts on object Y in such a way that Y changes state or location.

hasConsequence
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Action
range: Outcome
comment: A causal relation between actions, i.e. one action is the cause of another action. For example, the action of "swimming" is a consequence of "jumping into deep water". The property is transitive.

classifies
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: isClassifiedBy
domain: Class
  union of: HighImportance
  union of: LowImportance
range: Class
  union of: Past memory
  union of: Recent memory
comment: A relation between a Concept and an Entity, e.g. the Role 'student' classifies a Person 'John'.

hasParticipant
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: isParticipantIn
domain: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Predicting
range: Class
  union of: Perceived validity
  union of: People
comment: inverse property of isParticipantIn

isParticipantIn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Perceived validity
  union of: People
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Predicting
comment: Define the participation of an entity in a process or an Activity
comment: Define the participation of an entity in a process.

follows
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: precedes
domain: Recent memory
range: Past memory
comment: A relation between entities, expressing a 'sequence' schema.

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Past memory
range: Recent memory
comment: A relation between entities, expressing a 'sequence' schema. E.g. 'year 1999 precedes 2000', 'deciding what coffee to use' precedes 'preparing coffee', 'World War II follows World War I', 'in the Milan to Rome autoroute, Bologna precedes Florence', etc. It can then be used between tasks, processes, time intervals, spatially locate objects, situations, etc.

produces
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Memory encoding
  union of: Deciding
  union of: Event
  union of: People
  union of: Perception Experience
  union of: Predicting
range: Class
  union of: Decision
  union of: Outcome
  union of: Perceived validity
  union of: Evidence
  union of: Expectation
  union of: Memory
comment: Define the relation between an activity and its produced outcome.
comment: Define the relation between an entity (activity or event) and its produced outcome.

creates
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Sequence
range: Class
  union of: Illusion
  union of: Perception Experience
comment: a property connecting the illusory effect created by the Perception of Pattern

decide
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Thing
range: Ignore
comment: a property that links the cognitive process of deciding how to act after receiving information.

fillsMemoryGap
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Evidence
range: MemoryGap
comment: represents the action or process of replenishing or restoring missing or incomplete memory or information within an entity or system.

focusesOn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Bias
comment: describes the primary subject or area of attention associated with an entity or concept.

hasAttribute
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Outcome
  union of: Expectation
range: Identicality
comment: Connects an object to one of its attributes.

hasBias
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Bias
comment: Indicates an individual possesses Naive Realism Bias

hasBiasedOpinion
type: ObjectProperty
domain: People
range: Class
  union of: Bias
  union of: Event
comment: A property connecting a Person who has a biased opinion about the possible outcome of a Future Event, such as a Random/Chance-based Occurrence, because he/she thinks that there is a correlation between this future event and a series of past events.
comment: a property connecting a Person who has a biased opinion about something eg the possible outcome of an Event such as a Random or Chance-based Occurrence or a person who has a biased Opinion about a Bias.

hasEffect
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Cognitive Connection
  union of: Pattern
range: Illusion
comment: A property linking an Entity (a perceived correlation between two variables in a pattern or a perceived pattern due to any kind of external stimulus) and the illusory effect that this Entity produce.
comment: hasEffect: a property linking an Entity (a perceived correlation between two variables in a pattern or a perceived pattern due to any kind of external stimulus) and the illusory effect that this Entity produce.

hasFeature
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Entity
range: Feature
comment: Connects an entity to its relative feature or intention.

hasInfluence
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: influencedBy
domain: Class
  union of: Decision
  union of: Ignore
  union of: Pattern
  union of: Sequence
range: Class
  union of: Decision
  union of: Thing
  union of: Perception Experience
  union of: Probability
comment: A property connecting an Entity (Pattern) that affects in different ways another entity (PerceptionExperience).
comment: A property connecting an Entity (Sequence) that affects in different ways another entity (Probability).

hasMemoryGap
type: ObjectProperty
domain: People
range: MemoryGap
comment: signifies a period or instance where an entity lacks recall or memory of specific information or events.

hasOutcome
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: isOutcomeOf
domain: Class
  union of: Memory encoding
  union of: MentalProperty
  union of: Event
  union of: Sequence
range: Class
  union of: Outcome
  union of: Importance
comment: A property linking an entity that produces an Outcome
comment: A property linking an entity that produces an Outcome.
comment: A property linking series of events to the same Outcome produced
comment: The final decision the individual reaches as ending result of the decision-making process.

hasOutcomeEffect
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: isOutcomeEffectOf
domain: Sequence
range: Success
comment: A property linking a series of events which Outcome brings to the same effect

hasPerspective
type: ObjectProperty
domain: People
range: Statement
comment: this property connect a perspective that a person or a group of Persons has about an aspect of the real world.

have knowledge
type: ObjectProperty
domain: People
range: Thing
comment: a property that links the cognitive process of storing some information regarding a topic.

ignores
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Statement
comment: denotes the deliberate disregard or lack of attention to a particular entity, concept, or information by another entity.

involves
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Illusion
  union of: Activity
  union of: Event
  union of: Perception Experience
range: Class
  union of: Entity
  union of: Ambiguos Stimuli
  union of: Memory encoding
  union of: Assistance
  union of: ExperiencerObj
comment: Connects entites such as an activity to other entities involved in it
comment: a property connecting an entity such as Activity to any kind of thing that is involved during the execution of that Activity.
comment: a property connecting an entity to any kind of thing that is related to that Entity
comment: a property that links the cognitive process of creating the perception of an experience and the experience to which it is linked to.
comment: connects an activity to the entities involved in it.

isBiasedBy
type: ObjectProperty
domain: People
range: Pattern
comment: a property that connect a Person that is biased by the idea of seeing a Pattern such as meaningful shapes made by a visual stimulus

isOutcomeEffectOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Success
range: Sequence
comment: inverse property of HasOutcomeEffect

isOutcomeOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Outcome
  union of: Importance
range: Class
  union of: Memory encoding
  union of: Event
  union of: Sequence
comment: Inverse property of HasOutcome property

isPerceivedAs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Assistance
  union of: Becoming Aware
  union of: Belief.n.1
range: Pattern
comment: a property that links a person 's cognitive process of being aware of something like a trend while he/she is doing an activity and what is perceived as part of the trend.
comment: a property that links the cognitive process of perceiving something in a specific way.
comment: a property that links the cognitive process of perceiving something in a specific way. E.g. a person being aware of a trend in an activity that is perceived as a pattern in that activity. E.g. an assistance process being perceived as Malicious.

isProducedEffectBy
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: producesOutcomeEffect
domain: Success
range: Event
comment: inverse property of producesOutcomeEffect

isUnawareOf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Belief.n.1
comment: indicates the lack of knowledge or awareness of a particular entity or concept by another entity.

producesOutcomeEffect
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Event
range: Success
comment: a property linking an event which Outcome will produce an effect

rejects
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Perceived validity
range: Un-known feature
comment: The act of denying a particular intention in favour of one or more others.

supports
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Perceived validity
range: Known feature
comment: The act of confirming a particular intention at the expense of one or more others.

misjudges
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Bias
range: Assistance
comment: a property that links the cognitive process of misinterpreting information

receives
type: ObjectProperty
domain: People
range: Assistance
comment: denotes the capability of an entity to accept or obtain information, data, or objects from another source.

influencedBy
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Decision
  union of: Thing
  union of: Perception Experience
  union of: Probability
range: Class
  union of: Decision
  union of: Ignore
  union of: Pattern
  union of: Sequence
comment: A relation between qualities. A quality is influenced by another quality if the value of the latter affects the value of the former.

hasParameterDataValue
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Identicality
  union of: Importance
  union of: Probability
range: Datatype
  union of: boolean
  union of: string
comment: A Concept can have a Parameter that constrains the attributes that a classified Entity can have in a certain Situation.

Universal
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Restriction
  on property: isPerceivedAs
  some values from: Belief.n.1
range: string
comment: denotes the deliberate disregard or lack of attention to a particular entity, concept, or information by another entity.

Action
type: Class
comment: The process of doing something. An action is performed by an agent. An action can be proposed (proposed actions make up a plan), implemented or abandoned, and it has a status and possibly one or more suspension periods.

Physical object
type: Class
subclass of: Non-human entity
comment: This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects.

Illusion
type: Class
disjoint with: Variables
disjoint with: Activity
disjoint with: Becoming Aware
disjoint with: Cognitive Connection
disjoint with: ExperiencerObj
disjoint with: Pattern
disjoint with: People
disjoint with: Person
description: An illusion is a distortion of the senses, which can reveal how the mind normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. Although illusions distort the human perception of reality, they are generally shared by most people. Illusions may occur with any of the human senses, but visual illusions (optical illusions) are the best-known and understood. The emphasis on visual illusions occurs because vision often dominates the other senses. For example, individuals watching a ventriloquist will perceive the voice is coming from the dummy since they are able to see the dummy mouth the words.

Success
type: Class
disjoint with: Activity
disjoint with: Event
disjoint with: People
disjoint with: Probability
disjoint with: Sequence
description: Success is the state or condition of meeting a defined range of expectations. It may be viewed as the opposite of failure. The criteria for success depend on context and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person might consider a success what another person considers a failure, particularly in cases of direct competition or a zero-sum game. Similarly, the degree of success or failure in a situation may be differently viewed by distinct observers or participants, such that a situation that one considers to be a success, another might consider to be a failure, a qualified success or a neutral situation. For example, a film that is a commercial failure or even a box-office bomb can go on to receive a cult following, with the initial lack of commercial success even.

Animal
type: Class
subclass of: Non-human entity
comment: Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development.

Concept
type: Class
subclass of: Non-human entity
comment: Concepts are defined as abstract ideas. They are understood to be the fundamental building blocks of the concept behind principles, thoughts and beliefs.They play an important role in all aspects of cognition.

Entity
type: Class
comment: An entity is something that exists as itself, as a subject or as an object, actually or potentially, concretely or abstractly, physically or not. It need not be of material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. In general, there is also no presumption that an entity is animate, or present. The adjectival form is entitative.
comment: An entity is something that exists as itself, as a subject or as an object, actually or potentially, concretely or abstractly, physically or not. It need not be of material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. In general, there is also no presumption that an entity is animate, or present. The term is broad in scope and may refer to animals; natural features such as mountains; inanimate objects such as tables; numbers or sets as symbols written on a paper; human contrivances such as laws, corporations and academic disciplines; or supernatural beings such as gods and spirits. The adjectival form is entitative. (en)

Knowledge
type: Class
comment: Knowledge can be defined as awareness of facts or as practical skills, and may also refer to familiarity with objects or situations. Knowledge of facts, also called propositional knowledge, is often defined as true belief that is distinct from opinion or guesswork by virtue of justification.

Plant
type: Class
subclass of: Non-human entity
comment: Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria).

Agent
type: Class
subclass of: People
comment: Individual who performs the Bias Blind Spot

Ambiguos Stimuli
type: Class
description: A class for colleting different kinds of random stimuli that can involve a sensorial perception.

Bias
type: Class
comment: Indicates an individual possesses Naive Realism Bias
comment: a class for defining any kind of bias

Decision
type: Class
disjoint with: Thing
disjoint with: Ignore
disjoint with: Assessing
disjoint with: Person
comment: Represents a decision subject to the bias.
comment: The final decision the individual reaches as ending result of the decision-making process.
comment: a class representing a decision made in a certain situation

Feature
type: Class
comment: The feature, description or title used to refer to an entity
comment: The feature, description or title used to refer to an entity.

FutureEvent
type: Class
subclass of: Event
description: This class represent an event that will happen in the next future.

HighImportance
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Importance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasParameterDataValue
    has value: High
subclass of: Importance

Human feature
type: Class
subclass of: Feature
comment: Defines a feature of a human being

Known feature
type: Class
subclass of: Knowledge
subclass of: Feature
comment: The feature, description or title used to refer to an entity and aknowledged by the individual.

LowImportance
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Importance
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasParameterDataValue
    has value: Low
subclass of: Importance

Memory encoding
type: Class
comment: The process of encoding memory.

MemoryGap
type: Class
comment: a class for Missing or incomplete information in memory

MentalProperty
type: Class
comment: MentalProperty, when used for decision-making, refers to the collection of intangible assets, including intellectual property, knowledge assets, creative outputs, innovative ideas, cognitive constructs, and personal and cultural heritage, that are considered and evaluated to inform and guide decision processes. In this context, MentalProperty serves as the foundation upon which decisions are made, providing valuable insights, perspectives, and resources that influence the course of action chosen. Decision-makers may assess and leverage MentalProperty assets to address challenges, capitalize on opportunities, mitigate risks, and achieve desired outcomes.

Next Chance-Based Occurence
type: Class
subclass of: FutureEvent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isPartOf
  some values from: Activity
description: This class represent an event that will happen in the next future and it is characterized by chance-based probability.

NextRandomOccurence
type: Class
subclass of: FutureEvent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isPartOf
  some values from: Activity
description: This class represent an event that will happen in the next future and it is characterized by randomness.

Non-human entity
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: Any entity that isn't human

Outcome
type: Class
disjoint with: Activity
disjoint with: Event
disjoint with: People
disjoint with: Probability
disjoint with: Sequence
description: This class represent the outcome of an event such as a RandomOccurence
comment: Refers to the result, effect, or consequence of a particular action, event, process, or situation
comment: Resulting consequences of experienced event
label: The final result of an activity.

ColorNumber
type: Class
subclass of: Outcome
description: A class representing a type of Outcome such as Colored Numbers

Past memory
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Memory
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasParameter
    some values from: LowImportance
subclass of: Memory
comment: A memory that has been produced previously in the memory encoding process.

Perceived validity
type: Class
comment: It assess the perceived validity of an object due to a perception activity

Recent memory
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Memory
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasParameter
    some values from: HighImportance
subclass of: Memory
comment: A memory that has been produced more recently in the memory encoding process.

Thing
type: Class
disjoint with: Ignore
disjoint with: Assessing
disjoint with: Person
comment: a class for defining any kind of information about which a person has some knowledge

Un-known feature
type: Class
subclass of: Feature
comment: The feature, description or title used to refer to an entity but not aknowledged by the individual.

Variable Entity 1
type: Class
subclass of: Variables
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isPartOf
  some values from: Variables Pattern
disjoint with: Variable Entity 2
description: A class for one one of the two variables that are perceived as correlated.

Variable Entity 2
type: Class
subclass of: Variables
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isPartOf
  some values from: Variables Pattern
description: A class for one one of the two variables that are perceived as correlated.

Variables
type: Class
disjoint with: Activity
disjoint with: Becoming Aware
disjoint with: Cognitive Connection
disjoint with: Pattern
disjoint with: People
description: A class representing all the possible variables or attributes that individuals mistakenly perceive to be correlated.

Variables Pattern
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Pattern
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasPart
    some values from: Variable Entity 1
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasPart
    some values from: Variable Entity 2
subclass of: RecognizablePattern
description: An class and its individual representing the type of pattern recognized by an human agent as part of a trend, in this case a pattern where two elements often appear together.

Visual Stimulus
type: Class
subclass of: Ambiguos Stimuli
description: A class for visual stimuli, namely anything that involves the use of sight.

Activity
type: Class
disjoint with: Becoming Aware
disjoint with: Cognitive Connection
disjoint with: Event
disjoint with: ExperiencerObj
disjoint with: Pattern
disjoint with: People
disjoint with: Perception Experience
disjoint with: Probability
disjoint with: Sequence
disjoint with: Person
description: This is an abstract frame for durative activities, in which the Agent enters an ongoing state of the Activity, remains in this state for some Duration of Time, and leaves this state either by finishing or by stopping. The Agent's Activity should be intentional. This frame is intended mostly for the inheritance of common FEs, and to provide the frame structure for the beginning, ongoing, finish, or stop stage of an Activity, each of which constitutes a subframe of this frame. This frame should be compared to the Process frame
description: This is an abstract frame for durative activities, in which the Agent enters an ongoing state of the Activity, remains in this state for some Duration of Time, and leaves this state either by finishing or by stopping. The Agent's Activity should be intentional. This frame is intended mostly for the inheritance of common FEs, and to provide the frame structure for the beginning, ongoing, finish, or stop stage of an Activity, each of which constitutes a subframe of this frame. This frame should be compared to the Process frame.
description: This is an abstract frame for durative activities, in which the Agent enters an ongoing state of the Activity, remains in this state for some Duration of Time, and leaves this state either by finishing or by stopping. The Agent's Activity should be intentional. This frame is intended mostly for the inheritance of common FEs, and to provide the frame structure for the beginning, ongoing, finish, or stop stage of an Activity, each of which constitutes a subframe of this frame. This frame should be compared to the Process frame. In this case is a class representing an activity affected by a certain cognitive process (Becoming Aware of something).
description: This is an abstract frame for durative activities, in which the Agent enters an ongoing state of the Activity, remains in this state for some Duration of Time, and leaves this state either by finishing or by stopping. The Agent's Activity should be intentional. This frame is intended mostly for the inheritance of common FEs, and to provide the frame structure for the beginning, ongoing, finish, or stop stage of an Activity, each of which constitutes a subframe of this frame. This frame should be compared to the Process frame. In this case the frame represents an activity with random or chance-based outcomes in which a person is involved in.

Assessing
type: Class
disjoint with: Person
comment: An Assessor examines a Phenomenon to figure out its Value according to some Feature of the Phenomenon. This Value is a factor in determining the acceptability of the Phenomenon. In some cases, a Method (implicitly involving an Assessor) is used to determine the Phenomenon's Value. Each company is then evaluated for their earning potential. CNI From the evidence of the pilot studies the risk of damage to the test subjects was rated too high to continue. CNI He weighed his options carefully.

Assistance
type: Class
comment: A Helper benefits a Benefited_party by enabling the culmination of a Goal that the Benefited_party has. A Focal_entity that is involved in reaching the Goal may stand in for it. Will you help the Government find your brother? Maybe Stephen should assist him with the last manuscript. They helped me psychologically to overcome the physical loss I had suffered. You have helped him tremendously by showing him how to stand up for himself and by being his friend. By bringing assistance to his troops wherever they were in trouble he aided them greatly.

Becoming Aware
type: Class
disjoint with: Cognitive Connection
disjoint with: Pattern
disjoint with: People
description: Words in this frame have to do with a Cognizer adding some Phenomenon to their model of the world. They are similar to Coming-to-believe words, except the latter generally involve reasoning from Evidence. The words in this frame take direct objects that denote entities in the world, and indicate awareness of those entities, without necessarily giving any information about the content of the Cognizer's belief or knowledge. These words also resemble perception words, since creatures often become aware of things by perceiving them. Later that night, they found the barely-alive victim inside the Red Hall estate flat. Almost immediately, the police discovered the wrought-iron crypt gate swinging open. In the bag on the tableI could vaguely discern two bottles of wine and several cartons of cakes and other goodies. People passing through recognize it from afar, by the clouds of coal dust darkening the air. General Grammatical Observations: Passive forms of the verbs in this frame can occur with extraposed clauses expressing Phenomenon: That year it was discovered that consumers preferred the older model. It is not always recognized how much work goes into a dinner party.

Cognitive Connection
type: Class
disjoint with: Pattern
disjoint with: People
description: A concept, Concept_1, is related causally or collocationally to another concept, Concept_2, by means of some Evidence. They may be related only under certain Circumstances or from a certain Point_of_view. The two concepts may be expressed collectively as associated Concepts. Any cognizer is deprofiled.

Deciding
type: Class
type: NamedIndividual
produces: Final decision
comment: The decision-making process carried out by the individual about the final outcome of the job interview.

Event
type: Class
disjoint with: People
disjoint with: Probability
disjoint with: Sequence
description: An Event takes place at a Place and Time. Big earthquakes only happen along plate boundaries. INI The party will take place on Sunday in the all-you-can-eat buffet.
comment: An Event takes place at a Place and Time. Big earthquakes only happen along plate boundaries. INI The party will take place on Sunday in the all-you-can-eat buffet. Eg:Situation prompting the emergence of Confabulation Bias
comment: An Event takes place at a Place and Time. Big earthquakes only happen along plate boundaries.INI The party will take place on Sunday in the all-you-can-eat buffet.

Evidence
type: Class
comment: The Support, a phenomenon or fact, lends support to a claim or proposed course of action, the Proposition, where the Domain_of_Relevance may also be expressed. Some of the words in this frame (e.g. argue) are communication words used in a non-communicative, epistemic sense. The latest poll results show that support of the president is at an all-time low. Eg:Fabricated narrative created to fill memory gaps

Expectation
type: Class
comment: Words in this frame have to do with a Cognizer believing that some Phenomenon will take place in the future. Some words in the frame (e.g. foresee.v) indicate that the Phenomenon is asserted also to be true, while others do not.

ExperiencerObj
type: Class
disjoint with: Pattern
disjoint with: Perception Experience
disjoint with: Sequence
disjoint with: Person
comment: Some phenomenon (the Stimulus) provokes a particular emotion in an Experiencer. Nightmare on Elm Street scared me silly.

Identicality
type: Class
comment: A Current_instance of a certain Type is under discussion. This instance is evaluated as being the same instance or a different instance from a Previous_instance encountered in a Previous_context.

Importance
type: Class
comment: A Factor affects the outcome of an Undertaking, which can be a goal-oriented activity or the maintenance of a desirable state, the work in a Field, or something portrayed as affecting an Interested_party. A Reason may be given for the importance of the Factor. The Degree of importance may also be specified.

Memory
type: Class
comment: This frame is concerned with Cognizers remembering and forgetting mental Content.

Pattern
type: Class
disjoint with: People
disjoint with: Perception Experience
disjoint with: Sequence
disjoint with: Person
description: This frame describes the interrelation of a collection of Entities; they may be physical entities or shapes in a recognizable configuration, a pattern of events, or a relation among abstract entities. The pattern is not the individual Entities nor the set of Entities, but an abstraction of their interrelations, as a gestalt. The Cougers are playing in a Wing-T formation tonight. The auditors noticed a suspicious pattern of withdrawals from the maintenance account . The digits of irrational numbers do not repeat in any kind of pattern.

People
type: Class
disjoint with: Probability
disjoint with: Sequence
description: This frame contains general words for Individuals, i.e. humans. The Person is conceived of as independent of other specific individuals with whom they have relationships and independent of their participation in any particular activity. They may have an Age, Descriptor, Origin, Persistent_characteristic, or Ethnicity. A man from Phoenix was shot yesterday. She gave birth to a screaming baby yesterday. I study 16-year-old female adolescents. I am dating an African-American man. She comforted the terrified child. I always thought of him as a stupid man.
comment: This frame contains general words for Individuals, i.e. humans. The Person is conceived of as independent of other specific individuals with whom they have relationships and independent of their participation in any particular activity.
comment: This frame contains general words for Individuals, i.e. humans. The Person is conceived of as independent of other specific individuals with whom they have relationships and independent of their participation in any particular activity. They may have an Age, Descriptor, Origin, Persistent_characteristic, or Ethnicity. A man from Phoenix was shot yesterday. She gave birth to a screaming babyyesterday. I study 16-year-old female adolescents. I am dating an African-American man. She comforted the terrified child. I always thought of him as a stupid man.

Perception Experience
type: Class
disjoint with: Sequence
disjoint with: Person
description: This frame contains perception words whose Perceivers have perceptual experiences that they do not necessarily intend to. For this reason we call the Perceiver role Perceiver_passive. Comparing the Perception_experience frame to the Perception_active frame, we note that for some modalities there are different lexical items in each frame. For instance, whereas Perception_experience has see, Perception_active has look at. For other sense modalities, we find the same lexical items in both frames. To illustrate, consider the verb smell where I smell something rotten exemplifies its Perception_experience use and Smell this to see if it's fresh exemplifies its Perception_active sense. This frame also includes words which are not specific to any sense modality, including detect, perceive, perception, sense.
comment: Perception experience
label: Perception experience

Predicting
type: Class
comment: A Speaker states or makes known a future Eventuality on the basis of some Evidence.

Probability
type: Class
disjoint with: Sequence
description: This frame characterizes the likelihood that a Hypothetical_event will happen as a position on a scale of impossible to inevitable. The likelihood can expressed as numerical Odds or a metaphorical representation of the Position on a scale. There's a 20 % chance that you'll succeed. The odds that he'll actually do it are one in a million.

Sequence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasGeneratedBy
  some values from: Activity
disjoint with: Person
description: The words in this frame describe entities that occur in some temporally-ordered sequence. The entities thus have some sort of relation between them that might be described by the Relative_time frame. However, at this time, this frame has no Frame Relation with that frame (though this is still under discussion). Additionally, it should be noted that the words in this frame have a metaphorical link to the words in Shape. Describe in detail the sequence of steps taken during an emergency.
description: The words in this frame describe entities that occur in some temporally-ordered sequence. The entities thus have some sort of relation between them that might be described by the Relative_time frame. However, at this time, this frame has no Frame Relation with that frame (though this is still under discussion). Additionally, it should be noted that the words in this frame have a metaphorical link to the words in Shape. Describe in detail the sequence of steps taken during an emergency. In this case this frame represent a sequence of temporally-ordered past events that have the same outcome

Statement
type: Class
comment: a class for defining a statement of a perspective

Belief.n.1
type: Class
comment: A belief is a mental state or attitude where an individual holds something to be true or probable. Beliefs can range from factual assertions about the world to subjective evaluations, opinions, or attitudes about various matters. They form a fundamental part of human cognition and influence perception, decision-making, and behavior. Beliefs can be based on evidence, personal experience, cultural upbringing, social influences, or even intuition. They often shape an individual's worldview and can be deeply ingrained or subject to change over time based on new information or experiences.

Player
type: Class
subclass of: People
description: A class for a player involved in an Activity such as Sport Bets.

Hiker
type: Class
subclass of: People
description: A class for people that go hiking or go for a walk.

Player
type: Class
subclass of: People
description: A class for a player involved in an Activity such as a Lottery Draw.
description: A class for a player such as a Baseball_Player engaged in a cognitive process during an Activity.

Final decision
type: NamedIndividual
type: Decision
comment: Influenced by the Recency bias the interviewer gives the job to the applicant.

Interview perception experience
type: NamedIndividual
type: Perception Experience
involves: Memory encoding
comment: The perception experience the individual is engaged in during the job interview.

Interviewer
type: NamedIndividual
type: People
is engaged in: Interview perception experience
is engaged in: Deciding
owns: Memory
comment: The individual conducting the job interview.

Memory encoding
type: NamedIndividual
produces: Memory
has outcome: Importance
comment: The process of encoding memory.

Past memory
type: NamedIndividual
precedes: Recent memory
comment: The memory about the applicant not performing really well at the start of the interview.

Recent memory
type: NamedIndividual
affects: Deciding
comment: The memory about the applicant performing really well in the really last part of the job interview.

Child
type: NamedIndividual
type: People
is engaged in: Child perception experience
comment: The child experiencing anthropomorphism bias.

Joy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Human feature
is reflection on: Child perception experience
comment: The emotion the child assumes Mr. Whiskers is feeling during playtime.

Puppet
type: NamedIndividual
type: Physical object
produced observation: Joy
produced observation: Sadness
comment: Mr Whiskers, the child's puppet.

Sadness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Human feature
is reflection on: Child perception experience
comment: The emotion the child assumes Mr. Whiskers is feeling when left alone.

Black Number
type: NamedIndividual
type: ColorNumber
comment: The outcome of the next number draw or past number draws. Black numbers and red numbers have the same probability of being extracted.

Lottery Draw
type: NamedIndividual
type: Activity
comment: an activity where numbers are of two different colours (black and red) and where only one number is extracted for each draw.

Lottery Player
type: NamedIndividual
type: Player
belief: Past Number Draw Series
is participant in: Lottery Draw
has biased opinion: Number Draw
comment: An human being that participates as a player to a lottery draw.

Number Draw
type: NamedIndividual
type: NextRandomOccurence
has parameter: Probability Level
is part of: Lottery Draw
produces: Black Number
produces: Red Number
comment: A number draw in a lottery is an event totally random where each number has the same probability of being extracted. In this case the outcome of the next number draw can be the same of the past number draws series or not. If in the past Number draws series the Outcome was Black and player believes that the probability of drawing a Black number in the next draw is lower so the next outcome will be Red, he/she is affected by the Gambler's Fallacy Bias. On the contrary, if he/she believes that the probability of drawing again a Black number is higher, he/she is affected by the Hot Outcome bias.

Past Number Draw Series
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sequence
was generated by: Lottery Draw
has outcome: Black Number
comment: An ordered sequence of past number draws that has the same outcome (black) will influence the judgment of the participant about the probability of the outcome in the next number draw.

Probability Level
type: NamedIndividual
type: Probability
influenced by: Past Number Draw Series
has parameter data value: High
has parameter data value: Low
comment: The level of probability that the outcome of the next number draw will be red or black can be higher or lower for the participant, depending on the outcomes of the previous number draws.

Red Number
type: NamedIndividual
type: ColorNumber
comment: The outcome of the next number draw or past number draws. Black numbers and red numbers have the same probability of being extracted

Football Team Match Bet
type: NamedIndividual
type: Next Chance-Based Occurence
has parameter: ProbabiltyLevel
produces outcome effect: Winning Bet
comment: An individual for the next chance-based occurence class such as a Footbal Team Match Bet where the probability level is not completely random and can be influenced by different external and/or internal elements of the game itself.

Football Team Match Bet Series
type: NamedIndividual
type: Sequence
was generated by: Sport Bets
has outcome effect: Winning Bet
comment: a sequence of past bets that have the same outcome effect, namely in this case a Winning Bet.

ProbabiltyLevel
type: NamedIndividual
type: Probability
influenced by: Football Team Match Bet Series
has parameter data value: High
has parameter data value: Low
comment: The probability level that an event n the next futur, such a chance-based occurence, can have a specific outcome effect. For example In the Hot Hand fallacy bias if the outcome of previous events series was a Victory then for the player the probability level that the next event will be a Victory is higher. On the contrary in the opposite bias, the stock of luck, the player belevies that is less probable of winning again in the next event because the luck will be less.

Sport Bets
type: NamedIndividual
type: Activity
has participant: Sport Bettor
has part: Football Team Match Bet
comment: An individual representing an Acitvity such as Sport Bets in which is involved a person such as a Bettor.

Sport Bettor
type: NamedIndividual
type: Player
belief: Football Team Match Bet Series
has biased opinion: Football Team Match Bet
comment: A sport Bettor individual who is participating in an Activity such as Sport Bets

Winning Bet
type: NamedIndividual
type: Success
comment: An individual representing the outcome effect of events such as a Football Team Match Bet. In this case a winning bet will be the effect of a winning match.

Biased investement
type: NamedIndividual
type: Action
has consequence: Negative outcome
comment: John continues to invest based on his overconfident strategy, relying on the Illusion of Validity bias. Despite occasional market fluctuations, he attributes any success to his perceived expertise rather than considering the role of unpredictable factors or external influences.

Expert investor
type: NamedIndividual
type: People
is engaged in: Biased investement
is engaged in: Investor predicting
comment: John, an hypotetical biased investor

Identicality aspect
type: NamedIndividual
type: Identicality
has parameter data value: false

Investor PerceivedValidity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Perceived validity
is participant in: Investor predicting
comment: The investor's perception of validity in his previous knowledge and consequentially his predictions.

Investor predicting
type: NamedIndividual
type: Predicting
produces: Positive outcome
comment: The predicting process taken on by the investor to calculate the future possible outcome of his investement.

Investorship knowledge
type: NamedIndividual
type: Knowledge
affects: Investor PerceivedValidity
comment: The previous knowledge on the field which the investor owns and relies on.

Negative outcome
type: NamedIndividual
type: Outcome
has attribute: Identicality aspect
comment: The final result given by the investement choices.

Positive outcome
type: NamedIndividual
type: Expectation
has attribute: Identicality aspect
comment: The positive outcome John expects to get as result of his predicting process

Baseball Match
type: NamedIndividual
type: Activity
includes: Variables Correlation
comment: An individual representing the activity in which the person's cognitive process of becoming aware takes place.

Baseball Player
type: NamedIndividual
type: Player
is engaged in: Trend Awareness
comment: an individual representing the type of person involved in the Illusory Correlation Bias, in this case a baseball player.

Illusion Effect
type: NamedIndividual
type: Illusion
comment: An individual representing the conseguent illusory effect made by the correlation perceived between the variables.

Trend Awareness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Becoming Aware
in activity: Baseball Match
is perceived as: VariablesPattern
comment: An individual representing the person's cognitive process of becoming aware of something.

Variables Correlation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Cognitive Connection
is reflection on: Trend Awareness
has effect: Illusion Effect
comment: An individual representing the possible correlation between the variables of the pattern detected as part of a trend.

Victories
type: NamedIndividual
type: Variable Entity 2
produced observation: Variables Correlation
comment: One of the variables that occur together as part of a pattern.

Pair of socks
type: NamedIndividual
type: Variable Entity 1
produced observation: Variables Correlation
comment: One of the variables that occur together as part of a pattern.

Heart surgeon
type: NamedIndividual
type: Known feature
comment: The feature that characterizes John Smith (the entity) and is known to the biased individual.

Individual
type: NamedIndividual
type: People
is engaged in: Individual perception experience
owns: Knowledge
comment: A masked man fallacy biased individual

Individual perceived validity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Perceived validity
rejects: Jazz saxophonist
supports: Heart surgeon
comment: The perceived validity towards the known feature at the expense of the unknown one

Individual perception experience
type: NamedIndividual
type: Perception Experience
produces: Individual perceived validity
involves: John Smith
comment: The perception experience of the individual when he discovers that the name of the musician is the same of a local surgeon.

Jazz saxophonist
type: NamedIndividual
type: Un-known feature
comment: The feature that characterizes John Smith (the entity) and is un-known to the biased individual.

John Smith
type: NamedIndividual
type: Entity
has feature: Heart surgeon
has feature: Jazz saxophonist
comment: John Smith, both a talented local surgeon and a great jazz saxophonist

Knowledge
type: NamedIndividual
affects: Individual perception experience
comment: The biased individual knowledge about an entity that leads him to associate to it only a particular intention.

Facial Shape
type: NamedIndividual
type: RecognizablePattern
has effect: FacialShapeIllusion
has influence: Sensorial Perception
description: this individual represent the pattern, such as familiar shapes of faces or objects, recognized by the mind and caused by the visual stimulus.

FacialShapeIllusion
type: NamedIndividual
type: Illusion
comment: The actual illusion effect of seeing a facial shape in a weather-beaten tree trunk.

Random Stimulus
type: NamedIndividual
type: Ambiguos Stimuli
comment: An individual representing any kind of Random Stimulus that can involve a sensorial perception.

Sensorial Perception
type: NamedIndividual
type: Perception Experience
in activity: Walk
comment: The perception experience in which is involed a person: it can be sensorial but not only.

Walk
type: NamedIndividual
type: Activity
includes: Facial Shape
involves: Random Stimulus
comment: the activity (such a walk in a park) ih which a perception experience is involved.

Park hiker
type: NamedIndividual
type: Hiker
is engaged in: Sensorial Perception
is biased by: Facial Shape
comment: an individual representing a person such as an hiker who goes for a walk in a park.

weather beaten tree trunk
type: NamedIndividual
type: Visual Stimulus
produced observation: Facial Shape
comment: A subclass individual involving a visual stimuli that can stimulate a process of association with familiar patterns such as facial shapes.

High importance
type: NamedIndividual
type: HighImportance
classifies: Recent memory
has parameter data value: High

Importance
type: NamedIndividual
classifies: Past memory
classifies: Recent memory
comment: The value the interviewer gives to some memoryes at the expense of others

Low importance
type: NamedIndividual
type: LowImportance
classifies: Past memory
has parameter data value: Low