Annotation
literal: 01/03/24

Annotation
literal: Marco Lamorte

Annotation
literal: The Masked man fallacy module of the cognitive bias ontology

Annotation
literal: Masked Man Fallacy ontology

Annotation
literal: The Masked Man fallacy, also known as the Illicit Substitution of Identicals, is a cognitive bias where people mistakenly reject two names as referring to the same person or thing if one of the names involves a description or characteristic. This occurs because people tend to treat names as rigid designators and fail to recognize that a masked or described name can refer to the same entity.

Annotation
literal: A man enters a local jazz club and is told that the great saxophonist John Smith will play that night. It happens to be also the name of a local talented surgeon. Immediately he refuses to believe that they are the same person, in his biased reasoning someone can't excel in two such diverse professions.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: term:isEngagedIn
literal: Because an activity may engage other participants than the one performing it, engagements are in general considered individual rather than collective, therefore each participants has their own engagement and only some of them will be conscious and/or documented.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: news:owns
literal: This property can be used to link a certain NewsProvider with a Media that the NewsProvider ows, e.g. Fox News Channel is owned by Fox Entertainment Group, which also owns other Media (FXX Channel, etc.). This is an universal property, it can be also used in different context (e.g. Ruslana owns a Persian cat).

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: fao:affects
literal: X <affects> Y. Agent X acts on object Y in such a way that Y changes state or location.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: https://dbpedia.org/ontology/produces
literal: Define the relation between an entity (activity or event) and its produced outcome.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: dbr:Entity
literal: An entity is something that exists as itself, as a subject or as an object, actually or potentially, concretely or abstractly, physically or not. It need not be of material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. In general, there is also no presumption that an entity is animate, or present. The adjectival form is entitative.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: dbr:Entity
literal: Entity

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: dbr:Knowledge
literal: Knowledge can be defined as awareness of facts or as practical skills, and may also refer to familiarity with objects or situations. Knowledge of facts, also called propositional knowledge, is often defined as true belief that is distinct from opinion or guesswork by virtue of justification.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: dbr:Knowledge
literal: Knowledge

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:Feature
literal: The feature, description or title used to refer to an entity.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:Feature
literal: Feature

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:KnownFeature
literal: The feature, description or title used to refer to an entity and aknowledged by the individual.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:KnownFeature
literal: Known feature

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:PerceivedValidity
literal: It assess the perceived validity of an object due to a perception activity

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:PerceivedValidity
literal: Perceived validity

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:Un-knownFeature
literal: The feature, description or title used to refer to an entity but not aknowledged by the individual.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:Un-knownFeature
literal: Un-known feature

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:hasFeature
literal: Connects an entity to its relative feature or intention.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:involves
literal: Connects entites such as an activity to other entities involved in it

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:rejects
literal: The act of denying a particular intention in favour of one or more others.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: cbo:supports
literal: The act of confirming a particular intention at the expense of one or more others.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Heart_surgeon
literal: The feature that characterizes John Smith (the entity) and is known to the biased individual.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Individual
literal: A masked man fallacy biased individual

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Individual_perceived_validity
literal: The perceived validity towards the known feature at the expense of the unknown one

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Individual_perception_experience
literal: The perception experience of the individual when he discovers that the name of the musician is the same of a local surgeon.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Jazz_saxophonist
literal: The feature that characterizes John Smith (the entity) and is un-known to the biased individual.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #John_Smith
literal: John Smith, both a talented local surgeon and a great jazz saxophonist

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Knowledge
literal: The biased individual knowledge about an entity that leads him to associate to it only a particular intention.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: https://w3id.org/framester/data/framestercore/People
literal: This frame contains general words for Individuals, i.e. humans. The Person is conceived of as independent of other specific individuals with whom they have relationships and independent of their participation in any particular activity.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: https://w3id.org/framester/data/framestercore/People
literal: People

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: https://w3id.org/framester/data/framestercore/PerceptionExperience
literal: This frame contains perception words whose Perceivers have perceptual experiences that they do not necessarily intend to. For this reason we call the Perceiver role Perceiver_passive. Comparing the Perception_experience frame to the Perception_active frame, we note that for some modalities there are different lexical items in each frame. For instance, whereas Perception_experience has see, Perception_active has look at. For other sense modalities, we find the same lexical items in both frames. To illustrate, consider the verb smell where I smell something rotten exemplifies its Perception_experience use and Smell this to see if it's fresh exemplifies its Perception_active sense. This frame also includes words which are not specific to any sense modality, including detect, perceive, perception, sense.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: https://w3id.org/framester/data/framestercore/PerceptionExperience
literal: Perception experience