<?php
/**
 * @link https://craftcms.com/
 * @copyright Copyright (c) Pixel & Tonic, Inc.
 * @license https://craftcms.github.io/license/
 */

namespace craft\web\twig;

use CommerceGuys\Addressing\Formatter\FormatterInterface;
use Craft;
use craft\base\ElementInterface;
use craft\base\FieldLayoutProviderInterface;
use craft\base\MissingComponentInterface;
use craft\base\PluginInterface;
use craft\elements\Address;
use craft\elements\Asset;
use craft\elements\ElementCollection;
use craft\elements\User;
use craft\errors\AssetException;
use craft\helpers\App;
use craft\helpers\ArrayHelper;
use craft\helpers\DateTimeHelper;
use craft\helpers\Db;
use craft\helpers\Gql;
use craft\helpers\Html;
use craft\helpers\HtmlPurifier;
use craft\helpers\Json;
use craft\helpers\Markdown;
use craft\helpers\MoneyHelper;
use craft\helpers\Sequence;
use craft\helpers\StringHelper;
use craft\helpers\Template as TemplateHelper;
use craft\helpers\UrlHelper;
use craft\i18n\Locale;
use craft\models\EntryType;
use craft\web\twig\nodes\expressions\binaries\HasEveryBinary;
use craft\web\twig\nodes\expressions\binaries\HasSomeBinary;
use craft\web\twig\nodevisitors\EventTagAdder;
use craft\web\twig\nodevisitors\EventTagFinder;
use craft\web\twig\nodevisitors\GetAttrAdjuster;
use craft\web\twig\nodevisitors\Profiler;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\CacheTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\DdTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\DeprecatedTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\DumpTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\ExitTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\ExpiresTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\HeaderTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\HookTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\NamespaceTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\NavTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\PaginateTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\RedirectTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\RegisterResourceTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\RequireAdminTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\RequireEditionTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\RequireGuestTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\RequireLoginTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\RequirePermissionTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\SwitchTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\tokenparsers\TagTokenParser;
use craft\web\twig\variables\CraftVariable;
use craft\web\View;
use DateInterval;
use DateTime;
use DateTimeInterface;
use DateTimeZone;
use DirectoryIterator;
use DOMDocument;
use GuzzleHttp\Client as GuzzleClient;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\FnStream;
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Imagick;
use IteratorAggregate;
use Money\Money;
use mysqli;
use PDO;
use Reflector;
use SimpleXMLElement;
use SoapClient;
use SQLite3;
use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
use Throwable;
use Traversable;
use Twig\DeprecatedCallableInfo;
use Twig\Environment as TwigEnvironment;
use Twig\Error\RuntimeError;
use Twig\ExpressionParser\Infix\BinaryOperatorExpressionParser;
use Twig\Extension\AbstractExtension;
use Twig\Extension\CoreExtension;
use Twig\Extension\GlobalsInterface;
use Twig\Extension\SandboxExtension;
use Twig\Node\Expression\Filter\DefaultFilter;
use Twig\Sandbox\SecurityError;
use Twig\TwigFilter;
use Twig\TwigFunction;
use Twig\TwigTest;
use XMLReader;
use XMLWriter;
use XSLTProcessor;
use yii\base\BaseObject;
use yii\base\InvalidArgumentException;
use yii\base\InvalidConfigException;
use yii\base\Model;
use yii\behaviors\AttributeTypecastBehavior;
use yii\db\Exception;
use yii\db\Expression;
use yii\db\QueryInterface;
use ZipArchive;

/**
 * Class Extension
 *
 * @author Pixel & Tonic, Inc. <support@pixelandtonic.com>
 * @since 3.0.0
 */
class Extension extends AbstractExtension implements GlobalsInterface
{
    /**
     * @since 5.4.3
     */
    public static function arraySome(TwigEnvironment $env, $array, $arrow, $isSandboxed = false)
    {
        CoreExtension::checkArrow($isSandboxed, $arrow, 'has some', 'operator');
        return CoreExtension::arraySome($env, $array, $arrow, $isSandboxed);
    }

    /**
     * @since 5.4.3
     */
    public static function arrayEvery(TwigEnvironment $env, $array, $arrow, $isSandboxed = false)
    {
        CoreExtension::checkArrow($isSandboxed, $arrow, 'has every', 'operator');
        return CoreExtension::arrayEvery($env, $array, $arrow, $isSandboxed);
    }

    /**
     * @var View|null
     */
    protected ?View $view = null;

    /**
     * @var TwigEnvironment|null
     */
    protected ?TwigEnvironment $environment = null;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param View $view
     * @param TwigEnvironment $environment
     */
    public function __construct(View $view, TwigEnvironment $environment)
    {
        $this->view = $view;
        $this->environment = $environment;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function getNodeVisitors(): array
    {
        $eventTagAdder = new EventTagAdder($this->view);
        return [
            new Profiler(),
            new GetAttrAdjuster(),
            new EventTagFinder($eventTagAdder),
            $eventTagAdder,
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function getTokenParsers(): array
    {
        return [
            new CacheTokenParser(),
            new DeprecatedTokenParser(),
            new DdTokenParser(),
            new DumpTokenParser(),
            new ExitTokenParser(),
            new ExpiresTokenParser(),
            new HeaderTokenParser(),
            new HookTokenParser(),
            new RegisterResourceTokenParser('css', TemplateHelper::class . '::css', [
                'allowTagPair' => true,
                'allowOptions' => true,
            ]),
            new RegisterResourceTokenParser('html', 'Craft::$app->getView()->registerHtml', [
                'allowTagPair' => true,
                'allowPosition' => true,
            ]),
            new RegisterResourceTokenParser('js', TemplateHelper::class . '::js', [
                'allowTagPair' => true,
                'allowPosition' => true,
                'allowRuntimePosition' => true,
                'allowOptions' => true,
            ]),
            new RegisterResourceTokenParser('script', 'Craft::$app->getView()->registerScript', [
                'allowTagPair' => true,
                'allowPosition' => true,
                'allowOptions' => true,
                'defaultPosition' => View::POS_END,
            ]),
            new NamespaceTokenParser(),
            new NavTokenParser(),
            new PaginateTokenParser(),
            new RedirectTokenParser(),
            new RequireAdminTokenParser(),
            new RequireEditionTokenParser(),
            new RequireLoginTokenParser(),
            new RequireGuestTokenParser(),
            new RequirePermissionTokenParser(),
            new SwitchTokenParser(),
            new TagTokenParser(),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function getFilters(): array
    {
        return [
            new TwigFilter('address', [$this, 'addressFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('append', [$this, 'appendFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('ascii', [StringHelper::class, 'toAscii']),
            new TwigFilter('atom', [$this, 'atomFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('attr', [$this, 'attrFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('base64_decode', 'base64_decode'),
            new TwigFilter('base64_encode', 'base64_encode'),
            new TwigFilter('boolean', 'boolval'),
            new TwigFilter('camel', [$this, 'camelFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('column', [$this, 'columnFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true, 'needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('contains', [$this, 'containsFilter'], ['needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('currency', [$this, 'currencyFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('date', [$this, 'dateFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('datetime', [$this, 'datetimeFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('default', [$this, 'defaultFilter'], ['node_class' => DefaultFilter::class]),
            new TwigFilter('diff', 'array_diff'),
            new TwigFilter('duration', [DateTimeHelper::class, 'humanDuration']),
            new TwigFilter('encenc', [$this, 'encencFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('explodeClass', [Html::class, 'explodeClass']),
            new TwigFilter('explodeStyle', [Html::class, 'explodeStyle']),
            new TwigFilter('filesize', [$this, 'filesizeFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('filter', [$this, 'filterFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true, 'needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('filterByValue', [$this, 'filterByValueFilter'], ['needs_is_sandboxed' => true, 'deprecation_info' => new DeprecatedCallableInfo('craftcms/cms', '3.5.0', 'where')]),
            new TwigFilter('firstWhere', [$this, 'firstWhereFilter'], ['needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('flatten', [Arr::class, 'flatten']),
            new TwigFilter('group', [$this, 'groupFilter'], ['needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('hash', [$this, 'hashFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('httpdate', [$this, 'httpdateFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('id', [Html::class, 'id']),
            new TwigFilter('index', [$this, 'indexFilter'], ['needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('indexOf', [$this, 'indexOfFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('integer', 'intval'),
            new TwigFilter('intersect', 'array_intersect'),
            new TwigFilter('float', 'floatval'),
            new TwigFilter('json_encode', [$this, 'jsonEncodeFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('json_decode', [Json::class, 'decode']),
            new TwigFilter('kebab', [$this, 'kebabFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('length', [$this, 'lengthFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('lcfirst', [$this, 'lcfirstFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('literal', [$this, 'literalFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('map', [$this, 'mapFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true, 'needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('markdown', [$this, 'markdownFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('md', [$this, 'markdownFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('merge', [$this, 'mergeFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('money', [$this, 'moneyFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('multisort', [$this, 'multisortFilter'], ['needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('namespace', [$this->view, 'namespaceInputs'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('namespaceAttributes', [Html::class, 'namespaceAttributes'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('ns', [$this->view, 'namespaceInputs'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('namespaceInputName', [$this->view, 'namespaceInputName']),
            new TwigFilter('namespaceInputId', [$this->view, 'namespaceInputId']),
            new TwigFilter('number', [$this, 'numberFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('parseAttr', [$this, 'parseAttrFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('parseRefs', [$this, 'parseRefsFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('pascal', [$this, 'pascalFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('percentage', [$this, 'percentageFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('prepend', [$this, 'prependFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('purify', [$this, 'purifyFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('push', [$this, 'pushFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('reduce', [$this, 'reduceFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true, 'needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('removeClass', [$this, 'removeClassFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('replace', [$this, 'replaceFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('rss', [$this, 'rssFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('snake', [$this, 'snakeFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('sort', [$this, 'sortFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true, 'needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('string', 'strval'),
            new TwigFilter('time', [$this, 'timeFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('timestamp', [$this, 'timestampFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('translate', [$this, 'translateFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('truncate', [$this, 'truncateFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('t', [$this, 'translateFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('ucfirst', [$this, 'ucfirstFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('ucwords', [$this, 'ucwordsFilter'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('unique', 'array_unique'),
            new TwigFilter('unshift', [$this, 'unshiftFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('values', 'array_values'),
            new TwigFilter('where', [$this, 'whereFilter'], ['needs_is_sandboxed' => true]),
            new TwigFilter('widont', [$this, 'widontFilter'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFilter('without', [$this, 'withoutFilter']),
            new TwigFilter('withoutKey', [$this, 'withoutKeyFilter']),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function getTests(): array
    {
        return [
            new TwigTest('array', fn($obj): bool => is_array($obj)),
            new TwigTest('boolean', fn($obj): bool => is_bool($obj)),
            new TwigTest('callable', fn($obj): bool => is_callable($obj)),
            new TwigTest('countable', fn($obj): bool => is_countable($obj)),
            new TwigTest('empty', function($obj): bool {
                if ($obj instanceof Model) {
                    // assume the IteratorAggregate implementation was not intentional
                    return false;
                }

                return CoreExtension::testEmpty($obj);
            }),
            new TwigTest('float', fn($obj): bool => is_float($obj)),
            new TwigTest('instance of', fn($obj, $class) => $obj instanceof $class),
            new TwigTest('integer', fn($obj): bool => is_int($obj)),
            new TwigTest('missing', fn($obj) => $obj instanceof MissingComponentInterface),
            new TwigTest('numeric', fn($obj): bool => is_numeric($obj)),
            new TwigTest('object', fn($obj): bool => is_object($obj)),
            new TwigTest('resource', fn($obj): bool => is_resource($obj)),
            new TwigTest('scalar', fn($obj): bool => is_scalar($obj)),
            new TwigTest('string', fn($obj): bool => is_string($obj)),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function getExpressionParsers(): array
    {
        return [
            new BinaryOperatorExpressionParser(HasSomeBinary::class, 'has some', 20),
            new BinaryOperatorExpressionParser(HasEveryBinary::class, 'has every', 20),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @param Address|null $address
     * @param array $options
     * @param FormatterInterface|null $formatter
     * @return string
     * @since 4.0.0
     */
    public function addressFilter(?Address $address, array $options = [], FormatterInterface $formatter = null): string
    {
        if ($address === null) {
            return '';
        }

        return Craft::$app->getAddresses()->formatAddress($address, $options, $formatter);
    }

    /**
     * Outputs a value from a Money object.
     *
     * @param Money|null $money
     * @param string|null $formatLocale
     * @return string|null
     */
    public function moneyFilter(?Money $money, ?string $formatLocale = null): ?string
    {
        if ($money === null) {
            return null;
        }

        return MoneyHelper::toString($money, $formatLocale);
    }

    /**
     * Translates the given message.
     *
     * @param mixed $message The message to be translated.
     * @param string|array|null $category the message category.
     * @param array|string|null $params The parameters that will be used to replace the corresponding placeholders in the message.
     * @param string|null $language The language code (e.g. `en-US`, `en`). If this is null, the current
     * [[\yii\base\Application::language|application language]] will be used.
     * @return string the translated message.
     */
    public function translateFilter(mixed $message, mixed $category = null, mixed $params = null, ?string $language = null): string
    {
        // The front end site doesn't need to specify the category
        /** @noinspection CallableParameterUseCaseInTypeContextInspection */
        if (is_array($category)) {
            /** @noinspection CallableParameterUseCaseInTypeContextInspection */
            $language = $params;
            /** @noinspection CallableParameterUseCaseInTypeContextInspection */
            $params = $category;
            $category = 'site';
        } elseif ($category === null) {
            $category = 'site';
        }

        if ($params === null) {
            $params = [];
        }

        try {
            return Craft::t($category, (string)$message, $params, $language);
        } catch (InvalidConfigException) {
            return $message;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Truncates the string to a given length, while ensuring that it does not split words.
     *
     * @param string $string The string to truncate
     * @param int $length The maximum number of characters for the truncated string
     * @param string $suffix The string that should be appended to `$string`, if it must be truncated
     * @param bool $splitSingleWord Whether to split up `$string` if it only contains one word
     * @return string The truncated string
     * @since 3.5.10
     */
    public function truncateFilter(string $string, int $length, string $suffix = '…', bool $splitSingleWord = true): string
    {
        // Override default behavior where the substring would be returned in this case
        if ($string === '' || $length <= 0) {
            return $string;
        }

        return StringHelper::safeTruncate($string, $length, $suffix, $splitSingleWord);
    }

    /**
     * Uppercases the first character of a multibyte string.
     *
     * @param mixed $string The multibyte string.
     * @return string The string with the first character converted to upercase.
     * @deprecated in 5.6.0
     */
    public function ucfirstFilter(mixed $string): string
    {
        Craft::$app->getDeprecator()->log('ucfirst', 'The `|ucfirst` filter has been deprecated. Use `|capitalize` instead.');
        return StringHelper::upperCaseFirst((string)$string);
    }

    /**
     * Uppercases the first character of each word in a string.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param string $string
     * @return string
     * @deprecated in 3.5.0
     */
    public function ucwordsFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, string $string): string
    {
        Craft::$app->getDeprecator()->log('ucwords', 'The `|ucwords` filter has been deprecated. Use `|title` instead.');
        $charset = $env->getCharset();
        if ($charset) {
            return mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_TITLE, $charset);
        }
        return ucwords(strtolower($string));
    }

    /**
     * Lowercases the first character of a multibyte string.
     *
     * @param mixed $string The multibyte string.
     * @return string The string with the first character converted to lowercase.
     */
    public function lcfirstFilter(mixed $string): string
    {
        return StringHelper::lowercaseFirst((string)$string);
    }

    /**
     * kebab-cases a string.
     *
     * @param mixed $string The string
     * @param string $glue The string used to glue the words together (default is a hyphen)
     * @param bool $lower Whether the string should be lowercased (default is true)
     * @param bool $removePunctuation Whether punctuation marks should be removed (default is true)
     * @return string The kebab-cased string
     */
    public function kebabFilter(mixed $string, string $glue = '-', bool $lower = true, bool $removePunctuation = true): string
    {
        return StringHelper::toKebabCase((string)$string, $glue, $lower, $removePunctuation);
    }

    /**
     * camelCases a string.
     *
     * @param mixed $string The string
     * @return string
     */
    public function camelFilter(mixed $string): string
    {
        return StringHelper::toCamelCase((string)$string);
    }


    /**
     * Throws a RuntimeError if the given name/key is a string containing a "." character and the environment is
     * sandboxed.
     *
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param mixed $name
     * @param string $filterName
     * @throws RuntimeError
     */
    private function preventDottedNameInSandbox(bool $isSandboxed, mixed $name, string $filterName): void
    {
        if (!$isSandboxed || !is_string($name)) {
            return;
        }

        foreach (['.', '[', ']'] as $char) {
            if (str_contains($name, $char)) {
                throw new RuntimeError(sprintf('The key name passed to the "%s" filter must not contain any "%s" characters in sandbox mode.', $filterName, $char));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param mixed $array
     * @param mixed $name
     * @param bool $keepKeys
     * @return array
     * @throws RuntimeError
     * @throws SecurityError if `$array` (or one of its elements) is an object and `$name` isn’t an allowed property/method in a sandboxed environment
     */
    public function columnFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, bool $isSandboxed, mixed $array, mixed $name, bool $keepKeys = true): array
    {
        $this->preventDottedNameInSandbox($isSandboxed, $name, 'column');

        if (!$isSandboxed || !is_string($name)) {
            return ArrayHelper::getColumn($array, $name, $keepKeys);
        }

        $sandbox = $env->getExtension(SandboxExtension::class);

        if (is_object($array) && !$array instanceof Traversable) {
            // $array is a single object rather than a list of rows, so extracting a “column” from it would
            // otherwise mean enumerating its public properties without any sandbox checks. Treat this the same
            // way the template would if it had accessed the property directly, e.g. `array.name`.
            $sandbox->checkPropertyAllowed($array, $name);
            return [ArrayHelper::getValue($array, $name)];
        }

        // Check each object element’s property/method the same way the template would if it had accessed it
        // directly, e.g. `element.name`, rather than letting ArrayHelper::getValue() read it unchecked.
        $result = [];
        foreach ($array as $k => $element) {
            if (is_object($element)) {
                $sandbox->checkPropertyAllowed($element, $name);
            }
            if ($keepKeys) {
                $result[$k] = ArrayHelper::getValue($element, $name);
            } else {
                $result[] = ArrayHelper::getValue($element, $name);
            }
        }
        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param iterable $array
     * @param callable|string $key
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param bool $strict
     * @return bool
     * @throws RuntimeError
     */
    public function containsFilter(bool $isSandboxed, iterable $array, callable|string $key, mixed $value = true, bool $strict = false): bool
    {
        $this->preventDottedNameInSandbox($isSandboxed, $key, 'contains');
        return ArrayHelper::contains($array, $key, $value, $strict);
    }

    /**
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param iterable $array
     * @param callable|string $key
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param bool $strict
     * @return mixed
     * @throws RuntimeError
     */
    public function firstWhereFilter(bool $isSandboxed, iterable $array, callable|string $key, mixed $value = true, bool $strict = false): mixed
    {
        $this->preventDottedNameInSandbox($isSandboxed, $key, 'firstWhere');
        return ArrayHelper::firstWhere($array, $key, $value, $strict);
    }

    /**
     * PascalCases a string.
     *
     * @param mixed $string The string
     * @return string
     */
    public function pascalFilter(mixed $string): string
    {
        return StringHelper::toPascalCase((string)$string);
    }

    /**
     * snake_cases a string.
     *
     * @param mixed $string The string
     * @return string
     */
    public function snakeFilter(mixed $string): string
    {
        return StringHelper::toSnakeCase((string)$string);
    }

    /**
     * Sorts an array.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param iterable $array
     * @param string|callable|null $arrow
     * @return array
     * @throws RuntimeError
     * @since 4.3.2
     */
    public function sortFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, bool $isSandboxed, iterable $array, string|callable|null $arrow = null): array
    {
        CoreExtension::checkArrow($isSandboxed, $arrow, 'sort', 'filter');
        return CoreExtension::sort($env, $isSandboxed, $array, $arrow);
    }

    /**
     * Reduces an array.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param mixed $array
     * @param mixed $arrow
     * @param mixed $initial
     * @return mixed
     * @throws RuntimeError
     * @since 4.4.16
     */
    public function reduceFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, bool $isSandboxed, mixed $array, mixed $arrow, mixed $initial = null): mixed
    {
        CoreExtension::checkArrow($isSandboxed, $arrow, 'reduce', 'filter');
        return CoreExtension::reduce($env, $isSandboxed, $array, $arrow, $initial);
    }

    /**
     * Maps an array.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param mixed $array
     * @param mixed $arrow
     * @return array
     * @throws RuntimeError
     * @since 4.4.16
     */
    public function mapFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, bool $isSandboxed, mixed $array, mixed $arrow = null): array
    {
        CoreExtension::checkArrow($isSandboxed, $arrow, 'map', 'filter');
        return CoreExtension::map($env, $isSandboxed, $array, $arrow);
    }


    /**
     * Formats the value as a currency number.
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param string|null $currency
     * @param array $options
     * @param array $textOptions
     * @param bool $stripZeros
     * @return string
     * @since 3.6.0
     */
    public function currencyFilter(mixed $value, ?string $currency = null, array $options = [], array $textOptions = [], bool $stripZeros = false): string
    {
        if ($value === null || $value === '') {
            return '';
        }

        try {
            return Craft::$app->getFormatter()->asCurrency($value, $currency, $options, $textOptions, $stripZeros);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
            return $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Formats the value in bytes as a size in human-readable form, for example `12 kB`.
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param int|null $decimals
     * @param array $options
     * @param array $textOptions
     * @return string
     * @since 3.6.0
     */
    public function filesizeFilter(mixed $value, ?int $decimals = null, array $options = [], array $textOptions = []): string
    {
        if ($value === null || $value === '') {
            return '';
        }

        try {
            return Craft::$app->getFormatter()->asShortSize($value, $decimals, $options, $textOptions);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
            return $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Formats the value as a decimal number.
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param int|null $decimals
     * @param array $options
     * @param array $textOptions
     * @param string|null $locale
     * @return string
     * @since 3.6.0
     */
    public function numberFilter(
        mixed $value,
        ?int $decimals = null,
        array $options = [],
        array $textOptions = [],
        ?string $locale = null,
    ): string {
        if ($value === null || $value === '') {
            return '';
        }

        $formatter = $locale ? Craft::$app->getI18n()->getLocaleById($locale)->getFormatter() : Craft::$app->getFormatter();

        try {
            if (!$formatter->willBeMisrepresented($value)) {
                return $formatter->asDecimal($value, $decimals, $options, $textOptions);
            }
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
        }

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Formats the value as a percent number with "%" sign.
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param int|null $decimals
     * @param array $options
     * @param array $textOptions
     * @return string
     * @since 3.6.0
     */
    public function percentageFilter(mixed $value, ?int $decimals = null, array $options = [], array $textOptions = []): string
    {
        if ($value === null || $value === '') {
            return '';
        }

        try {
            return Craft::$app->getFormatter()->asPercent($value, $decimals, $options, $textOptions);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
            return $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Formats the value as a human-readable timestamp.
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param string|null $format
     * @param bool $withPreposition
     * @return string
     * @since 3.6.0
     */
    public function timestampFilter(mixed $value, ?string $format = null, bool $withPreposition = false): string
    {
        if ($value === null || $value === '') {
            $value = DateTimeHelper::now();
        }

        try {
            return Craft::$app->getFormatter()->asTimestamp($value, $format, $withPreposition);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
            return $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * This method will JSON encode a variable. We're overriding Twig's default implementation to set some stricter
     * encoding options on text/html/xml requests.
     *
     * @param mixed $value The value to JSON encode.
     * @param int|null $options Either null or a bitmask consisting of JSON_HEX_QUOT, JSON_HEX_TAG, JSON_HEX_AMP,
     * JSON_HEX_APOS, JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES,
     * JSON_FORCE_OBJECT
     * @param int $depth The maximum depth
     * @return string|false The JSON encoded value.
     */
    public function jsonEncodeFilter(mixed $value, ?int $options = null, int $depth = 512): string|false
    {
        if ($options === null) {
            if (
                !Craft::$app->getRequest()->getIsConsoleRequest() &&
                in_array(Craft::$app->getResponse()->getContentType(), ['text/html', 'application/xhtml+xml'], true)
            ) {
                $options = JSON_HEX_TAG | JSON_HEX_AMP | JSON_HEX_QUOT;
            } else {
                $options = 0;
            }
        }

        // todo: remove the $depth arg in Craft 5
        if ($depth !== 512) {
            return json_encode($value, $options, $depth);
        }

        return Json::encode($value, $options);
    }

    /**
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param iterable $array
     * @param callable|string $key
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param bool $strict
     * @param bool $keepKeys
     * @return array
     * @throws RuntimeError
     */
    public function whereFilter(bool $isSandboxed, iterable $array, callable|string $key, mixed $value = true, bool $strict = false, bool $keepKeys = true): array
    {
        $this->preventDottedNameInSandbox($isSandboxed, $key, 'where');
        return ArrayHelper::where($array, $key, $value, $strict, $keepKeys);
    }

    /**
     * Inserts a non-breaking space between the last two words of a string.
     *
     * @param string $string
     * @return string
     * @since 3.7.0
     */
    public function widontFilter(string $string): string
    {
        return Html::widont($string);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array without certain values.
     *
     * @param mixed $arr
     * @param mixed $exclude
     * @param bool $strict
     * @return array
     */
    public function withoutFilter(mixed $arr, mixed $exclude, bool $strict = false): array
    {
        $arr = (array)$arr;

        if (!is_array($exclude)) {
            $exclude = [$exclude];
        }

        foreach ($exclude as $value) {
            ArrayHelper::removeValue($arr, $value, $strict);
        }

        return $arr;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array without a certain key.
     *
     * @param mixed $arr
     * @param string|string[] $key
     * @return array
     * @since 3.2.0
     */
    public function withoutKeyFilter(mixed $arr, array|string $key): array
    {
        $arr = (array)$arr;

        if (!is_array($key)) {
            $key = [$key];
        }

        foreach ($key as $k) {
            ArrayHelper::remove($arr, $k);
        }

        return $arr;
    }

    /**
     * Parses an HTML tag to find its attributes.
     *
     * @param string $tag The HTML tag to parse
     * @return array The parsed HTML tag attributes
     * @since 3.4.0
     */
    public function parseAttrFilter(string $tag): array
    {
        try {
            return Html::parseTagAttributes($tag, 0, $start, $end, true);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            return [];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Parses a string for reference tags.
     *
     * @param mixed $str
     * @param int|null $siteId
     * @return string
     */
    public function parseRefsFilter(mixed $str, ?int $siteId = null): string
    {
        return Craft::$app->getElements()->parseRefs((string)$str, $siteId);
    }

    /**
     * Prepends HTML to the beginning of given tag.
     *
     * @param string $tag The HTML tag that `$html` should be prepended to
     * @param string $html The HTML to prepend to `$tag`.
     * @param string|null $ifExists What to do if `$tag` already contains a child of the same type as the element
     * defined by `$html`. Set to `'keep'` if no action should be taken, or `'replace'` if it should be replaced
     * by `$tag`.
     * @return string The modified HTML
     * @since 3.3.0
     */
    public function prependFilter(string $tag, string $html, ?string $ifExists = null): string
    {
        try {
            return Html::prependToTag($tag, $html, $ifExists);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            Craft::warning($e->getMessage(), __METHOD__);
            return $tag;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Purifies the given HTML using HTML Purifier.
     *
     * @param string|null $html The HTML to be purified
     * @param string|array|null $config The HTML Purifier config. This can either be the name of a JSON file within
     * `config/htmlpurifier/` (sans `.json` extension) or a config array.
     * @return string|null The purified HTML
     * @since 3.4.0
     */
    public function purifyFilter(?string $html, array|string|null $config = null): ?string
    {
        if ($html === null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (is_string($config)) {
            $path = Craft::$app->getPath()->getConfigPath() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'htmlpurifier' .
                DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $config . '.json';
            $config = null;
            if (!is_file($path)) {
                Craft::warning("No HTML Purifier config found at $path.");
            } else {
                try {
                    $config = Json::decode(file_get_contents($path));
                } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
                    Craft::warning("Invalid HTML Purifier config at $path.");
                }
            }
        }

        return HtmlPurifier::process($html, $config);
    }

    /**
     * Pushes one or more items onto the end of an array.
     *
     * @param array $array
     * @return array
     * @since 3.5.0
     */
    public function pushFilter(array $array): array
    {
        $args = func_get_args();
        array_shift($args);
        array_push($array, ...$args);
        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Prepends one or more items to the beginning of an array.
     *
     * @param array $array
     * @return array
     * @since 3.5.0
     */
    public function unshiftFilter(array $array): array
    {
        $args = func_get_args();
        array_shift($args);
        array_unshift($array, ...$args);
        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * Removes a class (or classes) from the given HTML tag.
     *
     * @param string $tag The HTML tag to modify
     * @param string|string[] $class
     * @return string The modified HTML tag
     * @since 3.7.0
     */
    public function removeClassFilter(string $tag, array|string $class): string
    {
        try {
            $oldClasses = Html::parseTagAttributes($tag)['class'] ?? [];
            $newClasses = array_filter($oldClasses, fn(string $oldClass) => is_string($class) ? $oldClass !== $class : !in_array($oldClass, $class, true));

            $newTag = Html::modifyTagAttributes($tag, ['class' => false]);
            if (!empty($newClasses)) {
                $newTag = Html::modifyTagAttributes($newTag, ['class' => $newClasses]);
            }
            return $newTag;
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            return $tag;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Replaces Twig's |replace filter, adding support for passing in separate
     * search and replace arrays.
     *
     * @param mixed $str
     * @param mixed $search
     * @param mixed $replace
     * @param bool|null $regex
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function replaceFilter(mixed $str, mixed $search, mixed $replace = null, ?bool $regex = null): mixed
    {
        if ($str === null) {
            return '';
        }

        if ($search instanceof Traversable) {
            $search = iterator_to_array($search);
        }

        // Are they using the standard Twig syntax?
        if (is_array($search) && $replace === null) {
            // If there aren’t any regex patterns, we can safely use strtr()
            if (
                $regex === false ||
                (
                    $regex === null &&
                    !ArrayHelper::contains(array_keys($search), fn(string $str) => $this->isRegex($str))
                )
            ) {
                return strtr($str, $search);
            }
        } else {
            $search = [$search => $replace];
        }

        foreach ($search as $s => $r) {
            // Is this a regular expression?
            if ($regex ?? $this->isRegex($s)) {
                $str = preg_replace($s, $r, $str);
            } else {
                // Otherwise use str_replace
                $str = str_replace($s, $r, $str);
            }
        }

        return $str;
    }

    private function isRegex(string $str): bool
    {
        if (!preg_match('/^\/([^\r\n]+)\/([imsxADSUXJun]*)$/', $str, $match)) {
            return false;
        }

        // make sure there's no unescaped slashes within it
        if (preg_match('/(?<!\\\)\//', $match[1])) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Extending Twig's |date filter so we can run any translations on the output.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param DateTimeInterface|DateInterval|string $date A date
     * @param string|null $format The target format, null to use the default
     * @param DateTimeZone|string|false|null $timezone The target timezone, null to use the default, false to leave unchanged
     * @param string|null $locale The target locale the date should be formatted for. By default, the current system locale will be used.
     * @return string
     */
    public function dateFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, mixed $date, ?string $format = null, mixed $timezone = null, ?string $locale = null): string
    {
        if ($date instanceof DateInterval) {
            return $env->getExtension(CoreExtension::class)->formatDate($date, $format, $timezone);
        }

        // Is this a custom PHP date format?
        if ($format !== null && !in_array($format, [Locale::LENGTH_SHORT, Locale::LENGTH_MEDIUM, Locale::LENGTH_LONG, Locale::LENGTH_FULL], true)) {
            if (str_starts_with($format, 'icu:')) {
                $format = substr($format, 4);
            } else {
                $format = StringHelper::ensureLeft($format, 'php:');
            }
        }

        $date = $env->getExtension(CoreExtension::class)->convertDate($date, $timezone);
        $formatter = $locale ? Craft::$app->getI18n()->getLocaleById($locale)->getFormatter() : Craft::$app->getFormatter();
        $fmtTimeZone = $formatter->timeZone;
        $formatter->timeZone = $timezone !== null ? $date->getTimezone()->getName() : $formatter->timeZone;
        $formatted = $formatter->asDate(DateTime::createFromInterface($date), $format);
        $formatter->timeZone = $fmtTimeZone;
        return $formatted;
    }

    /**
     * Appends HTML to the end of the given tag.
     *
     * @param string $tag The HTML tag that `$html` should be appended to
     * @param string $html The HTML to append to `$tag`.
     * @param string|null $ifExists What to do if `$tag` already contains a child of the same type as the element
     * defined by `$html`. Set to `'keep'` if no action should be taken, or `'replace'` if it should be replaced
     * by `$tag`.
     * @return string The modified HTML
     * @since 3.3.0
     */
    public function appendFilter(string $tag, string $html, ?string $ifExists = null): string
    {
        try {
            return Html::appendToTag($tag, $html, $ifExists);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            Craft::warning($e->getMessage(), __METHOD__);
            return $tag;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts a date to the Atom format.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param DateTime|DateTimeInterface|string $date A date
     * @param DateTimeZone|string|false|null $timezone The target timezone, null to use the default, false to leave unchanged
     * @return string The formatted date
     */
    public function atomFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, mixed $date, mixed $timezone = null): string
    {
        return $env->getExtension(CoreExtension::class)->formatDate($date, DateTime::ATOM, $timezone);
    }

    /**
     * Modifies a HTML tag’s attributes, supporting the same attribute definitions as [[Html::renderTagAttributes()]].
     *
     * @param string $tag The HTML tag whose attributes should be modified.
     * @param array $attributes The attributes to be added to the tag.
     * @return string The modified HTML tag.
     * @since 3.3.0
     */
    public function attrFilter(string $tag, array $attributes): string
    {
        try {
            return Html::modifyTagAttributes($tag, $attributes);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            return $tag;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts a date to the RSS format.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param DateTime|DateTimeInterface|string $date A date
     * @param DateTimeZone|string|false|null $timezone The target timezone, null to use the default, false to leave unchanged
     * @return string The formatted date
     */
    public function rssFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, mixed $date, mixed $timezone = null): string
    {
        return $env->getExtension(CoreExtension::class)->formatDate($date, DateTime::RSS, $timezone);
    }

    /**
     * Formats the value as a time.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param DateTimeInterface|string $date A date
     * @param string|null $format The target format, null to use the default
     * @param DateTimeZone|string|false|null $timezone The target timezone, null to use the default, false to leave unchanged
     * @param string|null $locale The target locale the date should be formatted for. By default, the current system locale will be used.
     * @param bool $withTimeZone Whether the time zone abbreviation should be appended to the formatted time
     * @return string
     */
    public function timeFilter(
        TwigEnvironment $env,
        mixed $date,
        ?string $format = null,
        mixed $timezone = null,
        ?string $locale = null,
        bool $withTimeZone = false,
    ): string {
        // Is this a custom PHP date format?
        if ($format !== null && !in_array($format, [Locale::LENGTH_SHORT, Locale::LENGTH_MEDIUM, Locale::LENGTH_LONG, Locale::LENGTH_FULL], true)) {
            if (str_starts_with($format, 'icu:')) {
                $format = substr($format, 4);
            } else {
                $format = StringHelper::ensureLeft($format, 'php:');
            }
        }

        $date = DateTime::createFromInterface($env->getExtension(CoreExtension::class)->convertDate($date, $timezone));
        $formatter = $locale ? Craft::$app->getI18n()->getLocaleById($locale)->getFormatter() : Craft::$app->getFormatter();
        $fmtTimeZone = $formatter->timeZone;
        $formatter->timeZone = $timezone !== null ? $date->getTimezone()->getName() : $formatter->timeZone;
        $formatted = $formatter->asTime($date, $format, $withTimeZone);
        $formatter->timeZone = $fmtTimeZone;
        return $formatted;
    }

    /**
     * Formats the value as a date+time.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param DateTimeInterface|string $date A date
     * @param string|null $format The target format, null to use the default
     * @param DateTimeZone|string|false|null $timezone The target timezone, null to use the default, false to leave unchanged
     * @param string|null $locale The target locale the date should be formatted for. By default, the current system locale will be used.
     * @param bool $withTimeZone Whether the time zone abbreviation should be appended to the formatted time
     * @return string
     */
    public function datetimeFilter(
        TwigEnvironment $env,
        mixed $date,
        ?string $format = null,
        mixed $timezone = null,
        ?string $locale = null,
        bool $withTimeZone = false,
    ): string {
        // Is this a custom PHP date format?
        if ($format !== null && !in_array($format, [Locale::LENGTH_SHORT, Locale::LENGTH_MEDIUM, Locale::LENGTH_LONG, Locale::LENGTH_FULL], true)) {
            if (str_starts_with($format, 'icu:')) {
                $format = substr($format, 4);
            } else {
                $format = StringHelper::ensureLeft($format, 'php:');
            }
        }

        $date = $env->getExtension(CoreExtension::class)->convertDate($date, $timezone);
        $formatter = $locale ? Craft::$app->getI18n()->getLocaleById($locale)->getFormatter() : Craft::$app->getFormatter();
        $fmtTimeZone = $formatter->timeZone;
        $formatter->timeZone = $timezone !== null ? $date->getTimezone()->getName() : $formatter->timeZone;
        $formatted = $formatter->asDatetime(DateTime::createFromInterface($date), $format, $withTimeZone);
        $formatter->timeZone = $fmtTimeZone;
        return $formatted;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the passed-in value if it’s not empty; otherwise, the provided default value.
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param mixed $default
     * @return mixed
     * @since 5.10.0
     */
    public static function defaultFilter(mixed $value, mixed $default = ''): mixed
    {
        if ($value instanceof Model) {
            // assume the IteratorAggregate implementation was not intentional
            return $value;
        }

        if (CoreExtension::testEmpty($value)) {
            return $default;
        }

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Encrypts and base64-encodes a string.
     *
     * @param mixed $str the string
     * @return string
     */
    public function encencFilter(mixed $str): string
    {
        return StringHelper::encenc((string)$str);
    }

    /**
     * Filters an array.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param iterable $arr
     * @param callable|null $arrow
     * @return array
     * @throws RuntimeError
     */
    public function filterFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, bool $isSandboxed, iterable $arr, ?callable $arrow = null): array
    {
        /** @var array|Traversable $arr */
        if ($arrow === null) {
            if ($arr instanceof Traversable) {
                $arr = iterator_to_array($arr);
            }
            return array_filter($arr);
        }

        CoreExtension::checkArrow($isSandboxed, $arrow, 'filter', 'filter');

        $filtered = CoreExtension::filter($env, $isSandboxed, $arr, $arrow);

        if (is_array($filtered)) {
            return $filtered;
        }

        return iterator_to_array($filtered);
    }

    /**
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param iterable $array
     * @param callable|string $key
     * @param mixed $value
     * @param bool $strict
     * @param bool $keepKeys
     * @return array
     * @throws RuntimeError
     * @deprecated in 3.5.0. [[whereFilter()]] should be used instead.
     */
    public function filterByValueFilter(bool $isSandboxed, iterable $array, callable|string $key, mixed $value = true, bool $strict = false, bool $keepKeys = true): array
    {
        $this->preventDottedNameInSandbox($isSandboxed, $key, 'filterByValue');
        return ArrayHelper::where($array, $key, $value, $strict, $keepKeys);
    }

    /**
     * Groups an array by the results of an arrow function, or value of a property.
     *
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param iterable $arr
     * @param callable|string $arrow The arrow function or property name that determines the group the item should be grouped in
     * @return array[] The grouped items
     * @throws RuntimeError if $arr is not of type array or Traversable
     */
    public function groupFilter(bool $isSandboxed, iterable $arr, callable|string $arrow): array
    {
        $groups = [];

        if (is_string($arrow)) {
            // No need to call checkArrow() here since strings are always interpreted as nested fields,
            // which should be passed to renderObjectTemplate() as `{name}`
            $template = '{' . $arrow . '}';
            $view = Craft::$app->getView();
            foreach ($arr as $item) {
                $groupKey = $view->renderObjectTemplate($template, $item);
                $groups[$groupKey][] = $item;
            }
        } else {
            CoreExtension::checkArrow($isSandboxed, $arrow, 'group', 'filter');
            foreach ($arr as $key => $item) {
                $groupKey = (string)$arrow($item, $key);
                $groups[$groupKey][] = $item;
            }
        }

        return $groups;
    }

    /**
     * Hashes the given data
     *
     * @param string $data The data to be hashed
     * @param string|null $algo The hashing algorithm to use, e.g. `md5` or `sha256`.
     * @return string
     * @since 5.9.0
     */
    public function hashFilter(string $data, ?string $algo = null): string
    {
        if ($algo === null) {
            return Craft::$app->getSecurity()->hashData($data);
        }

        return hash($algo, $data);
    }

    /**
     * Converts a date to the HTTP format (used by HTTP headers such as `Expires`).
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param DateTime|DateTimeInterface|string $date A date
     * @param DateTimeZone|string|false|null $timezone The target timezone, null to use the default, false to leave unchanged
     * @return string The formatted date
     * @since 3.6.10
     */
    public function httpdateFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, mixed $date, mixed $timezone = null): string
    {
        return $env->getExtension(CoreExtension::class)->formatDate($date, DateTime::RFC7231, $timezone);
    }

    /**
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param mixed $array
     * @param mixed $key
     * @param mixed $groups
     * @return array
     * @throws RuntimeError
     */
    public function indexFilter(bool $isSandboxed, mixed $array, mixed $key, mixed $groups = []): array
    {
        $this->preventDottedNameInSandbox($isSandboxed, $key, 'index');

        $groups = (array)$groups;
        foreach ($groups as $group) {
            $this->preventDottedNameInSandbox($isSandboxed, $group, 'index');
        }

        return ArrayHelper::index($array, $key, $groups);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of an item in a string or array, or -1 if it cannot be found.
     *
     * @param mixed $haystack
     * @param mixed $needle
     * @param int|null $default
     * @return int|null
     */
    public function indexOfFilter(mixed $haystack, mixed $needle, ?int $default = -1): ?int
    {
        if (is_string($haystack)) {
            $index = strpos($haystack, (string) $needle);
        } elseif (is_array($haystack)) {
            $index = array_search($needle, $haystack, false);
        } elseif (is_object($haystack) && $haystack instanceof IteratorAggregate) {
            $index = false;

            foreach ($haystack as $i => $item) {
                if ($item == $needle) {
                    $index = $i;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        /** @noinspection UnSafeIsSetOverArrayInspection - FP */
        if (isset($index) && $index !== false) {
            return $index;
        }

        return $default;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the length of an array, or the total result count of a query.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param mixed $value A variable
     * @return int The length of the value
     * @since 4.2.0
     */
    public function lengthFilter(TwigEnvironment $env, mixed $value): int
    {
        if ($value instanceof QueryInterface) {
            return $value->count();
        }

        return CoreExtension::length($env->getCharset(), $value);
    }

    /**
     * Escapes commas and asterisks in a string so they are not treated as special characters in
     * [[Db::parseParam()]].
     *
     * @param mixed $value The param value.
     * @return string The escaped param value.
     */
    public function literalFilter(mixed $value): string
    {
        return Db::escapeParam((string)$value);
    }

    /**
     * Parses text through Markdown.
     *
     * @param mixed $markdown The markdown text to parse
     * @param string|null $flavor The markdown flavor to use. Can be 'original', 'gfm' (GitHub-Flavored Markdown),
     * 'gfm-comment' (GFM with newlines converted to `<br>`s),
     * or 'extra' (Markdown Extra). Default is 'original'.
     * @param bool $inlineOnly Whether to only parse inline elements, omitting any `<p>` tags.
     * @param bool $encode Whether special characters should be pre-encoded, before parsing the text as Markdown.
     * Note that the `flavor` cannot be specified if this option is used.
     * @return string
     */
    public function markdownFilter(
        mixed $markdown,
        ?string $flavor = null,
        bool $inlineOnly = false,
        bool $encode = false,
    ): string {
        if ($encode) {
            if ($flavor !== null && !in_array($flavor, ['original', 'pre-encoded'])) {
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('The Markdown flavor cannot be specified when passing `encode=true`.');
            }

            $markdown = Html::encode($markdown);
            $flavor = 'pre-encoded';
        }

        if ($inlineOnly) {
            return Markdown::processParagraph((string)$markdown, $flavor);
        }

        return Markdown::process((string)$markdown, $flavor);
    }

    /**
     * Merges an array with another one.
     *
     * @param iterable $arr1 An array
     * @param iterable $arr2 An array
     * @param bool $recursive Whether the arrays should be merged recursively using [[\yii\helpers\BaseArrayHelper::merge()]]
     * @return array The merged array
     * @since 3.4.0
     */
    public function mergeFilter(iterable $arr1, iterable $arr2, bool $recursive = false): array
    {
        if ($arr1 instanceof Traversable) {
            $arr1 = iterator_to_array($arr1);
        }

        if ($arr2 instanceof Traversable) {
            $arr2 = iterator_to_array($arr2);
        }

        if ($recursive) {
            return ArrayHelper::merge($arr1, $arr2);
        }

        return CoreExtension::merge($arr1, $arr2);
    }

    /**
     * Duplicates an array and sorts it with [[\craft\helpers\ArrayHelper::multisort()]].
     *
     * @param bool $isSandboxed
     * @param mixed $array the array to be sorted. The array will be modified after calling this method.
     * @param string|callable|array $key the key(s) to be sorted by. This refers to a key name of the sub-array
     * elements, a property name of the objects, or an anonymous function returning the values for comparison
     * purpose. The anonymous function signature should be: `function($item)`.
     * To sort by multiple keys, provide an array of keys here.
     * @param int|array $direction the sorting direction. It can be either `SORT_ASC` or `SORT_DESC`.
     * When sorting by multiple keys with different sorting directions, use an array of sorting directions.
     * @param int|array $sortFlag the PHP sort flag. Valid values include
     * `SORT_REGULAR`, `SORT_NUMERIC`, `SORT_STRING`, `SORT_LOCALE_STRING`, `SORT_NATURAL` and `SORT_FLAG_CASE`.
     * Please refer to [PHP manual](https://php.net/manual/en/function.sort.php)
     * for more details. When sorting by multiple keys with different sort flags, use an array of sort flags.
     * @return array the sorted array
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException if the $direction or $sortFlag parameters do not have
     * correct number of elements as that of $key.
     * @throws RuntimeError
     */
    public function multisortFilter(bool $isSandboxed, mixed $array, mixed $key, int|array $direction = SORT_ASC, int|array $sortFlag = SORT_REGULAR): array
    {
        foreach (is_array($key) ? $key : [$key] as $k) {
            $this->preventDottedNameInSandbox($isSandboxed, $k, 'multisort');
        }

        // Prevent multisort() from modifying the original array
        $array = array_merge($array);
        ArrayHelper::multisort($array, $key, $direction, $sortFlag);
        return $array;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc
     */
    public function getFunctions(): array
    {
        return [
            new TwigFunction('actionUrl', [UrlHelper::class, 'actionUrl']),
            new TwigFunction('alias', [Craft::class, 'getAlias']),
            new TwigFunction('ceil', 'ceil'),
            new TwigFunction('className', 'get_class'),
            new TwigFunction('clone', [$this, 'cloneFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('collect', [$this, 'collectFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('combine', 'array_combine'),
            new TwigFunction('configure', [Craft::class, 'configure']),
            new TwigFunction('cpUrl', [UrlHelper::class, 'cpUrl']),
            new TwigFunction('create', [$this, 'createFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('dataUrl', [$this, 'dataUrlFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('date', [$this, 'dateFunction'], ['needs_environment' => true]),
            new TwigFunction('dump', [$this, 'dumpFunction'], ['is_safe' => ['html'], 'needs_context' => true, 'is_variadic' => true]),
            new TwigFunction('encodeUrl', [UrlHelper::class, 'encodeUrl']),
            new TwigFunction('entryType', [$this, 'entryTypeFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('expression', [$this, 'expressionFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('fieldValueSql', [$this, 'fieldValueSqlFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('floor', 'floor'),
            new TwigFunction('getenv', [App::class, 'env']),
            new TwigFunction('gql', [$this, 'gqlFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('parseEnv', [App::class, 'parseEnv']),
            new TwigFunction('parseBooleanEnv', [App::class, 'parseBooleanEnv']),
            new TwigFunction('plugin', [$this, 'pluginFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('randomString', [StringHelper::class, 'randomString']),
            new TwigFunction('raw', [TemplateHelper::class, 'raw']),
            new TwigFunction('renderObjectTemplate', [$this, 'renderObjectTemplate']),
            new TwigFunction('seq', [$this, 'seqFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('shuffle', [$this, 'shuffleFunction']),
            new TwigFunction('siteUrl', [UrlHelper::class, 'siteUrl']),
            new TwigFunction('url', [UrlHelper::class, 'url']),
            new TwigFunction('uuid', [StringHelper::class, 'UUID']),

            // Element authorization functions
            new TwigFunction('canCreateDrafts', fn(ElementInterface $element, ?User $user = null) => Craft::$app->getElements()->canCreateDrafts($element, $user)),
            new TwigFunction('canDelete', fn(ElementInterface $element, ?User $user = null) => Craft::$app->getElements()->canDelete($element, $user)),
            new TwigFunction('canDeleteForSite', fn(ElementInterface $element, ?User $user = null) => Craft::$app->getElements()->canDeleteForSite($element, $user)),
            new TwigFunction('canDuplicate', fn(ElementInterface $element, ?User $user = null) => Craft::$app->getElements()->canDuplicate($element, $user)),
            new TwigFunction('canSave', fn(ElementInterface $element, ?User $user = null) => Craft::$app->getElements()->canSave($element, $user)),
            new TwigFunction('canView', fn(ElementInterface $element, ?User $user = null) => Craft::$app->getElements()->canView($element, $user)),

            // HTML generation functions
            new TwigFunction('actionInput', [Html::class, 'actionInput'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('attr', [Html::class, 'renderTagAttributes'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('csrfInput', [Html::class, 'csrfInput'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('failMessageInput', [Html::class, 'failMessageInput'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('h', [$this, 'headingFunction'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('h1', fn(array|string $attributes = '') => $this->headingFunction(1, $attributes), ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('h2', fn(array|string $attributes = '') => $this->headingFunction(2, $attributes), ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('h3', fn(array|string $attributes = '') => $this->headingFunction(3, $attributes), ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('h4', fn(array|string $attributes = '') => $this->headingFunction(4, $attributes), ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('h5', fn(array|string $attributes = '') => $this->headingFunction(5, $attributes), ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('h6', fn(array|string $attributes = '') => $this->headingFunction(6, $attributes), ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('heading', [$this, 'headingFunction'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('hiddenInput', [Html::class, 'hiddenInput'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('input', [Html::class, 'input'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('ol', [Html::class, 'ol'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('redirectInput', [Html::class, 'redirectInput'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('successMessageInput', [Html::class, 'successMessageInput'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('svg', [$this, 'svgFunction'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('tag', [$this, 'tagFunction'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),
            new TwigFunction('ul', [Html::class, 'ul'], ['is_safe' => ['html']]),

            // DOM event functions
            new TwigFunction('head', [$this->view, 'head']),
            new TwigFunction('beginBody', [$this->view, 'beginBody']),
            new TwigFunction('endBody', [$this->view, 'endBody']),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Returns a clone of the given variable.
     *
     * @param mixed $var
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function cloneFunction(mixed $var): mixed
    {
        return clone $var;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new collection.
     *
     * @param mixed $var
     * @return Collection
     * @since 4.0.0
     */
    public function collectFunction(mixed $var): Collection
    {
        $collection = Collection::make($var);

        // If all the items are elements, return an ElementCollection instead
        if ($collection->isNotEmpty() && $collection->doesntContain(fn($item) => !$item instanceof ElementInterface)) {
            return ElementCollection::make($collection);
        }

        return $collection;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new object.
     *
     * @template T of object
     * @param class-string<T>|array{class:class-string<T>}|array{__class:class-string<T>} $type
     * @param array $params
     * @return T
     * @since 5.9.0
     */
    public function createFunction(string|array $type, array $params = []): object
    {
        $class = is_string($type) ? $type : ($type['__class'] ?? $type['class'] ?? null);
        if (!$class) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('No class specified for create().');
        }

        // String and object templates (title formats, URI formats, system messages, etc.) are authored
        // via the control panel/project config rather than the filesystem, so create() isn't allowed there
        if (Craft::$app->getView()->getIsRenderingStringTemplate()) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('create() cannot be used in string or object templates.');
        }

        $blocklist = [
            AttributeTypecastBehavior::class,
            DirectoryIterator::class,
            DOMDocument::class,
            XMLReader::class,
            XSLTProcessor::class,
            SoapClient::class,
            GuzzleClient::class,
            PDO::class,
            mysqli::class,
            Imagick::class,
            FnStream::class,
            Process::class,
            SimpleXMLElement::class,
            Reflector::class,
            SQLite3::class,
            XMLWriter::class,
            ZipArchive::class,
        ];

        foreach ($blocklist as $c) {
            if (is_a($class, $c, true)) {
                throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('create() cannot be used to create instances of %s.', $class));
            }
        }

        if (StringHelper::startsWith(ltrim($class, '\\'), 'Spl', false)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('create() cannot be used to create instances of %s.', $class));
        }

        if (StringHelper::endsWith(rtrim($class, '\\'), 'Iterator', false)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('create() cannot be used to create instances of %s.', $class));
        }

        /** @var BaseObject */
        return Craft::createObject($type, $params);
    }

    /**
     * Generates a base64-encoded [data URL](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Data_URIs) for the given file path or asset.
     *
     * @param string|Asset $file A file path on an asset
     * @param string|null $mimeType The file’s MIME type. If `null` then it will be determined automatically.
     * @return string The data URL
     * @throws InvalidConfigException if `$file` is an invalid file path, or an asset with a missing/invalid volume ID
     * @throws AssetException if a stream could not be created for the asset
     * @since 3.5.13
     */
    public function dataUrlFunction(Asset|string $file, ?string $mimeType = null): string
    {
        try {
            if ($file instanceof Asset) {
                return $file->getDataUrl();
            }

            return Html::dataUrl(Craft::getAlias($file), $mimeType);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            Craft::warning($e->getMessage(), __METHOD__);
            return '';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts an input to a [[\DateTime]] instance.
     *
     * @param TwigEnvironment $env
     * @param DateTimeInterface|string|array|null $date A date, or null to use the current time
     * @param DateTimeZone|string|false|null $timezone The target timezone, `null` to use the default, `false` to leave unchanged
     * @return DateTimeInterface
     */
    public function dateFunction(TwigEnvironment $env, mixed $date = null, mixed $timezone = null): DateTimeInterface
    {
        // Support for date/time arrays
        if (is_array($date)) {
            $date = DateTimeHelper::toDateTime($date, false, false);
            if ($date === false) {
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid date passed to date() function');
            }
        }

        return $env->getExtension(CoreExtension::class)->convertDate($date, $timezone);
    }

    /**
     * Displays a variable(s).
     *
     * @param array $context
     * @param ...$vars
     * @return string
     * @since 4.4.0
     */
    public function dumpFunction(array $context, ...$vars): string
    {
        if (!$vars) {
            $vars = [TemplateHelper::contextWithoutTemplate($context)];
        }

        $output = '';

        foreach ($vars as $var) {
            ob_start();
            Craft::dump($var);
            $output .= str_replace('<code>', '<code style="display:block;">', ob_get_clean());
        }

        return $output;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $handle
     * @return EntryType
     * @since 5.0.0
     */
    public function entryTypeFunction(string $handle): EntryType
    {
        $entryType = Craft::$app->getEntries()->getEntryTypeByHandle($handle);
        if ($entryType === null) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Invalid entry type handle: $handle");
        }
        return $entryType;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $expression
     * @param array $params
     * @param array $config
     * @return Expression
     * @since 3.1.0
     */
    public function expressionFunction(mixed $expression, array $params = [], array $config = []): Expression
    {
        return new Expression($expression, $params, $config);
    }

    /**
     * @param FieldLayoutProviderInterface $provider
     * @param string $fieldHandle
     * @param string|null $key
     * @return string|null
     * @since 5.0.0
     */
    public function fieldValueSqlFunction(FieldLayoutProviderInterface $provider, string $fieldHandle, ?string $key = null): ?string
    {
        return $provider->getFieldLayout()->getFieldByHandle($fieldHandle)->getValueSql($key);
    }

    /**
     * Executes a GraphQL query against the full schema.
     *
     * @param string $query The GraphQL query
     * @param array|null $variables Query variables
     * @param string|null $operationName The operation name
     * @return array The query result
     * @since 3.3.12
     */
    public function gqlFunction(string $query, ?array $variables = null, ?string $operationName = null): array
    {
        $schema = Gql::createFullAccessSchema();
        return Craft::$app->getGql()->executeQuery($schema, $query, $variables, $operationName);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a plugin instance by its handle.
     *
     * @param string $handle The plugin handle
     * @return PluginInterface|null The plugin, or `null` if it’s not installed
     * @since 3.1.0
     */
    public function pluginFunction(string $handle): ?PluginInterface
    {
        return Craft::$app->getPlugins()->getPlugin($handle);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the next number in a given sequence, or the current number in the sequence.
     *
     * @param string $name The sequence name.
     * @param int|null $length The minimum string length that should be returned. (Numbers that are too short will be left-padded with `0`s.)
     * @param bool $next Whether the next number in the sequence should be returned (and the sequence should be incremented).
     * If set to `false`, the current number in the sequence will be returned instead.
     * @return int|string
     * @throws Throwable if reasons
     * @throws Exception
     * @since 3.0.31
     */
    public function seqFunction(string $name, ?int $length = null, bool $next = true): int|string
    {
        if ($next) {
            return Sequence::next($name, $length);
        }
        return Sequence::current($name, $length);
    }

    /**
     * @param string $template
     * @param mixed $object
     * @return string
     */
    public function renderObjectTemplate(string $template, mixed $object): string
    {
        return Craft::$app->getView()->renderObjectTemplate($template, $object);
    }

    /**
     * Shuffles an array.
     *
     * @param iterable $arr
     * @return array
     */
    public function shuffleFunction(iterable $arr): array
    {
        /** @var array|Traversable $arr */
        if ($arr instanceof Traversable) {
            $arr = iterator_to_array($arr, false);
        } else {
            $arr = array_merge($arr);
        }

        shuffle($arr);

        return $arr;
    }

    public function headingFunction(int $level, array|string $attributes = ''): string
    {
        if ($level < 1 || $level > 6) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Invalid heading level: $level");
        }

        return $this->tagFunction("h$level", $attributes);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the contents of a given SVG file.
     *
     * @param string|Asset $svg An SVG asset, a file path, or raw SVG markup
     * @param bool|null $sanitize Whether the SVG should be sanitized of potentially
     * malicious scripts. By default, the SVG will only be sanitized if an asset
     * or markup is passed in. (File paths are assumed to be safe.)
     * @param bool|null $namespace Whether class names and IDs within the SVG
     * should be namespaced to avoid conflicts with other elements in the DOM.
     * By default, the SVG will only be namespaced if an asset or markup is passed in.
     * @param string|null $class A CSS class name that should be added to the `<svg>` element.
     * (This argument is deprecated. The `|attr` filter should be used instead.)
     * @return string
     */
    public function svgFunction(Asset|string $svg, ?bool $sanitize = null, ?bool $namespace = null, ?string $class = null): string
    {
        $svg = Html::svg($svg, $sanitize, $namespace);

        if ($class !== null) {
            Craft::$app->getDeprecator()->log('svg()-class', 'The `class` argument of the `svg()` Twig function has been deprecated. The `|attr` filter should be used instead.');
            try {
                $svg = Html::modifyTagAttributes($svg, [
                    'class' => $class,
                ]);
            } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
                Craft::warning('Unable to add a class to the SVG: ' . $e->getMessage(), __METHOD__);
            }
        }

        return $svg;
    }

    /**
     * Generates a complete HTML tag.
     *
     * @param string $type the tag type ('p', 'div', etc.)
     * @param array $attributes the HTML tag attributes in terms of name-value pairs.
     * If `text` is supplied, the value will be HTML-encoded and included as the contents of the tag.
     * If 'html' is supplied, the value will be included as the contents of the tag, without getting encoded.
     * @return string
     * @since 3.3.0
     */
    public function tagFunction(string $type, string|array $attributes = ''): string
    {
        if (is_array($attributes)) {
            $html = ArrayHelper::remove($attributes, 'html');
            $text = ArrayHelper::remove($attributes, 'text');
        } else {
            $text = $attributes;
            $attributes = [];
        }

        $html ??= Html::encode($text ?? '');
        return Html::tag($type, $html, $attributes);
    }

    /**
     * Registers global variables.
     */
    public function getGlobals(): array
    {
        $isInstalled = Craft::$app->getIsInstalled();
        $generalConfig = Craft::$app->getConfig()->getGeneral();
        $setPasswordRequestPath = $generalConfig->getSetPasswordRequestPath();

        if ($isInstalled && !Craft::$app->getUpdates()->getIsCraftUpdatePending()) {
            $sitesService = Craft::$app->getSites();
            $currentSite = $sitesService->getCurrentSite();
            $primarySite = $sitesService->getPrimarySite();

            $currentUser = Craft::$app->getUser()->getIdentity();
            $siteName = Craft::t('site', $currentSite->getName());
            $siteUrl = $currentSite->getBaseUrl();
            $systemName = Craft::$app->getSystemName();
        } else {
            $currentSite = $primarySite = $currentUser = $siteName = $siteUrl = $systemName = null;
        }

        return [
            'craft' => new CraftVariable(),
            'currentSite' => $currentSite,
            'currentUser' => $currentUser,
            'primarySite' => $primarySite,
            'siteName' => $siteName,
            'siteUrl' => $siteUrl,
            'systemName' => $systemName,
            'view' => $this->view,

            'devMode' => App::devMode(),
            'SORT_ASC' => SORT_ASC,
            'SORT_DESC' => SORT_DESC,
            'SORT_REGULAR' => SORT_REGULAR,
            'SORT_NUMERIC' => SORT_NUMERIC,
            'SORT_STRING' => SORT_STRING,
            'SORT_LOCALE_STRING' => SORT_LOCALE_STRING,
            'SORT_NATURAL' => SORT_NATURAL,
            'SORT_FLAG_CASE' => SORT_FLAG_CASE,
            'PHP_INT_MAX' => PHP_INT_MAX,
            'POS_HEAD' => View::POS_HEAD,
            'POS_BEGIN' => View::POS_BEGIN,
            'POS_END' => View::POS_END,
            'POS_READY' => View::POS_READY,
            'POS_LOAD' => View::POS_LOAD,

            'isInstalled' => $isInstalled,
            'loginUrl' => UrlHelper::siteUrl($generalConfig->getLoginPath()),
            'logoutUrl' => UrlHelper::siteUrl($generalConfig->getLogoutPath()),
            'setPasswordUrl' => $setPasswordRequestPath !== null ? UrlHelper::siteUrl($setPasswordRequestPath) : null,
            'now' => DateTimeHelper::now(),
            'today' => DateTimeHelper::today(),
            'tomorrow' => DateTimeHelper::tomorrow(),
            'yesterday' => DateTimeHelper::yesterday(),
        ];
    }
}