OBO-Edit 2.3 04:03:2013 10:54 1.2 slozano definition antisymmetric property Informal term to use when presenting to end-users synonym_type_property has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_scope has_synonym_type true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true relationship OBO_REL:contains contains relationship OBO_REL:precedes precedes A relationship between two classes (terms). Relationships between classes are expressed in terms of relations on underlying instances. relationship OBO_REL:relationship this relation was superfluous, so it has been obsoleted relationship true A relationship between two classes (terms). Relationships between classes are expressed in terms of relations on underlying instances. GOC:cjm C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity relationship OBO_REL:adjacent_to Note that adjacent_to as thus defined is not a symmetric relation, in contrast to its instance-level counterpart. For it can be the case that Cs are in general such as to be adjacent to instances of C1 while no analogous statement holds for C1s in general in relation to instances of C. Examples are: nuclear membrane adjacent_to cytoplasm; seminal vesicle adjacent_to urinary bladder; ovary adjacent_to parietal pelvic peritoneum adjacent_to C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:agent_in agent_in A relation between an entity and a dependent continuant; the reciprocal relation of inheres_in has_inherent has_inherer relationship OBO_REL:bearer_of Examples: red eye bearer_of redness bearer_of A relation between an entity and a dependent continuant; the reciprocal relation of inheres_in GOC:cjm C contained_in C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.) relationship OBO_REL:contained_in Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): contained_in C contained_in C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.) PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:derived_into derived_into Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'. derived_from relationship OBO_REL:derives_from Derivation as a relation between instances. The temporal relation of derivation is more complex. Transformation, on the instance level, is just the relation of identity: each adult is identical to some child existing at some earlier time. Derivation on the instance-level is a relation holding between non-identicals. More precisely, it holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Thus we will have axioms to the effect that from c derives_from c1 we can infer that c and c1 are not identical and that there is some instant of time t such that c1 exists only prior to and c only subsequent to t. We will also be able to infer that the spatial region occupied by c as it begins to exist at t overlaps with the spatial region occupied by c1 as it ceases to exist in the same instant. derives_from Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'. PMID:15892874 As for has_participant, but with the additional condition that the component instance is causally active in the relevant process relationship OBO_REL:has_agent has_agent As for has_participant, but with the additional condition that the component instance is causally active in the relevant process PMID:15892874 Relation between an independent continuant and a function. relationship OBO_REL:has_function heart has_function to-pump-blood has_function Relation between an independent continuant and a function. GOC:cjm relationship OBO_REL:has_improper_part See reasons for obsoletion of improper_part_of has_improper_part true true relationship OBO_REL:has_integral_part has_integral_part true relationship OBO_REL:has_part has_part P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t relationship OBO_REL:has_participant Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:has_proper_part has_proper_part A relation between an entity and a quality. For types: E has_quality Q iff: for any eEt, exists qQt such that q inheres_in e at t. For instances: e has_quality q at t iff q inheres_in e at t and q instance-of Quality. relationship OBO_REL:has_quality has_quality A relation between an entity and a quality. For types: E has_quality Q iff: for any eEt, exists qQt such that q inheres_in e at t. For instances: e has_quality q at t iff q inheres_in e at t and q instance-of Quality. GOC:cjm A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of. relationship OBO_REL:has_role has_role A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of. GOC:cjm relationship OBO_REL:has_vector not inverse of vector_of. D has_vector V = def for all d and all times t, if d instance_of D at t2, then there exists some v at t1 such that v instance_of V at t1 and d has_vector v at t2 and t1 earlier t2 has_vector As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical relationship OBO_REL:improper_part_of OBSOLETE. The definition is "As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical". However, part_of is already reflexive, therefore improper_part_of is identical to part_of. If read differently, as "improper_part_of is part_of but not proper_part_of",improper_part_of becomes identity. So, improper_part_of is either identical to part_of or to identity, and not an intuitive synonym for either of them. [Robert Hoehndorf] improper_part_of true As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical PMID:15892874 A relation between an instance and a class. For components: a primitive relation between a component instance and a class which it instantiates at a specific time. For processes: a primitive relation, between a process instance and a class which it instantiates, holding independently of time true relationship OBO_REL:instance_of The instance_of relationship is considered axiomatic by the obo file format specification; ie it is taken for granted. The is_a relation is still included in this ontology for completeness instance_of A relation between an instance and a class. For components: a primitive relation between a component instance and a class which it instantiates at a specific time. For processes: a primitive relation, between a process instance and a class which it instantiates, holding independently of time PMID:15892874 C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C true relationship OBO_REL:integral_part_of integral_part_of C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C PMID:15892874 C located_in C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *located_in* c'. (Here *located_in* is the instance-level location relation.) relationship OBO_REL:located_in Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus located_in C located_in C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *located_in* c'. (Here *located_in* is the instance-level location relation.) PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:location_of location_of For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) true relationship OBO_REL:part_of Parthood as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception. This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions. For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t. Parthood as a relation between classes: To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell. part_of For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:participates_in participates_in P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t. relationship OBO_REL:preceded_by An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. preceded_by P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t. PMID:15892874 As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct relationship OBO_REL:proper_part_of proper_part_of As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct PMID:15892874 Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2. relationship OBO_REL:transformation_of When an embryonic oenocyte (a type of insect cell) is transformed into a larval oenocyte, one and the same continuant entity preserves its identity while instantiating distinct classes at distinct times. The class-level relation transformation_of obtains between continuant classes C and C1 wherever each instance of the class C is such as to have existed at some earlier time as an instance of the distinct class C1 (see Figure 2 in paper). This relation is illustrated first of all at the molecular level of granularity by the relation between mature RNA and the pre-RNA from which it is processed, or between (UV-induced) thymine-dimer and thymine dinucleotide. At coarser levels of granularity it is illustrated by the transformations involved in the creation of red blood cells, for example, from reticulocyte to erythrocyte, and by processes of development, for example, from larva to pupa, or from (post-gastrular) embryo to fetus or from child to adult. It is also manifest in pathological transformations, for example, of normal colon into carcinomatous colon. In each such case, one and the same continuant entity instantiates distinct classes at different times in virtue of phenotypic changes. transformation_of Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2. PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:transformed_into Obsoleted transformed_into true A substance intended to sterilize any organism. Wikipedia:Chemosterilant chemosterilants CHEBI:23092 Examples of chemosterilants for insects include apholate and metepa. [VSMO:Authors]. chemosterilant Wikipedia:Chemosterilant Wikipedia chemosterilants ChEBI: A growth regulator that inhibits the life cycle of an insect. CHEBI:24851 Examples of growth regulators for insects include pyriproxyfen, methoprene, and novaluron. [VSMO:Authors]. insect growth regulator true true Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GO:0000004 GO:0007582 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological process unknown biological_process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. biological process Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. IAO:0000109 measurement datum A long-lasting insecticidal net is a factory-treated mosquito net made with netting material that has insecticide incorporated within or bound around the fibres. The net must retain its effective biological activity without re-treatment for at least 20 WHO standard washes under laboratory conditions and three years of recommended use under field conditions. louis 2008-05-16T08:43:07Z LLIN DuraNet (Clarke Mosquito Control) ICONLife (Syngenta) Interceptor Net (BASF) NetProtect (Intelligent Insect Control) Olyset Net (Sumitomo Chemical) PermaNet (Vestergaard-Frandsen) IDOMAL:0000260 The list of synonyms contains a number of commercially available LLINs and their manufacturer and/or distributor. A long-lasting insecticidal net can be used to protect against a wide range of insect vectors. [VSMO:Authors]. long-lasting insecticidal net A long-lasting insecticidal net is a factory-treated mosquito net made with netting material that has insecticide incorporated within or bound around the fibres. The net must retain its effective biological activity without re-treatment for at least 20 WHO standard washes under laboratory conditions and three years of recommended use under field conditions. KL:KL A conventionally treated net is a mosquito net that has been treated by dipping in a WHO-recommended insecticide. To ensure its continued insecticidal effect, the net should be re-treated after three washes, or at least once a year. louis 2008-05-16T11:10:58Z ITN IDOMAL:0000261 Conventionally treated insecticidal net can be used to protect against a wide range of insect vectors. [VSMO:Authors]. conventionally treated insecticidal net A conventionally treated net is a mosquito net that has been treated by dipping in a WHO-recommended insecticide. To ensure its continued insecticidal effect, the net should be re-treated after three washes, or at least once a year. KL:KL The banana-shaped motile stage of Plasmodium that the zygote develops into. It moves out of the blood bolus through the peritrophic membrane and through the midgut epithelium reaching the basal lamina surrounding the midgut. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00006 IDOMAL:0000297 ookinete stage The banana-shaped motile stage of Plasmodium that the zygote develops into. It moves out of the blood bolus through the peritrophic membrane and through the midgut epithelium reaching the basal lamina surrounding the midgut. KL:KL The stage of developing structure that an ookinete develops into upon reaching, and resting st the basal lamina of the midgut. Sporozoites are produced through endomitosis in the developing oocyst. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00002 IDOMAL:0000298 oocyst stage The stage of developing structure that an ookinete develops into upon reaching, and resting st the basal lamina of the midgut. Sporozoites are produced through endomitosis in the developing oocyst. KL:KL A blood stage of Plasmodium that, upon transfer to a mosquito with a blood meal, will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:30:59Z IDOMAL:0000299 blood gametocyte stage A blood stage of Plasmodium that, upon transfer to a mosquito with a blood meal, will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. KL:KL The stage of Plasmodium that has been released into the mosquito haemocoel after the rupture of the oocyst. It reaches and penetrates the salivary gland where it stays until transfered into a vertebrate host through a blood meal. It then rapidly invades hepatocytes and is no longer observed in the host. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00018 IDOMAL:0000300 sporozoite stage The stage of Plasmodium that has been released into the mosquito haemocoel after the rupture of the oocyst. It reaches and penetrates the salivary gland where it stays until transfered into a vertebrate host through a blood meal. It then rapidly invades hepatocytes and is no longer observed in the host. KL:KL The stage produced through the fusion of male and female gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:10:10Z PLO:00024 IDOMAL:0000302 zygote stage The stage produced through the fusion of male and female gametes. KL:KL A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte. louis 2008-07-31T11:19:32Z PLO:00011 IDOMAL:0000304 trophozoite stage A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte. KL:KL A merozoite produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. louis 2008-07-31T11:49:31Z PLO:00052 IDOMAL:0000305 ex-hepatocytic merozoite stage A merozoite produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. KL:KL The stage of a sporozoan cell that reproduces by schizogony, producing a varied number of daughter trophozoites or merozoites. louis 2008-07-31T11:58:50Z PLO:00008 IDOMAL:0000306 erythrocytic schizont stage The stage of a sporozoan cell that reproduces by schizogony, producing a varied number of daughter trophozoites or merozoites. AmericanHeritageMedicalDictionary:0 A collective name for Plasmodium parasites of the relapsing kind that found in the liver of the vertebrate host but have arrested their development. louis 2008-07-31T11:13:44Z IDOMAL:0000307 hypnozoite stage A collective name for Plasmodium parasites of the relapsing kind that found in the liver of the vertebrate host but have arrested their development. KL:KL A life cycle stage of Plasmodium transferred into a mosquito with a blood meal into the midgut, that will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:31:38Z IDOMAL:0000313 mosquito gametocyte stage A life cycle stage of Plasmodium transferred into a mosquito with a blood meal into the midgut, that will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. KL:KL A developmental stage that arises from the schizogony of a parent cell in an erythrocyte that may continue the asexual or enter the sexual phase of the Plasmodium life cycle. louis 2008-07-31T11:52:15Z PLO:00040 IDOMAL:0000320 ex-erythrocytic merozoite stage A developmental stage that arises from the schizogony of a parent cell in an erythrocyte that may continue the asexual or enter the sexual phase of the Plasmodium life cycle. KL:KL A schizont produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. louis 2008-07-31T11:59:38Z PLO:00009 IDOMAL:0000322 hepatic schizont stage A schizont produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. 5-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole PBO IDOMAL:0000873 piperonyl butoxide A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A substance often used as a synergist for insecticides. S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate IDOMAL:0000878 DEF A substance often used as a synergist for insecticides. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. (RS)-5-{1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}-1,3-benzodioxole IDOMAL:0000880 sesamex A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. O,O-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate SV-1 IDOMAL:0000883 SV1 A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. TPP IDOMAL:0000886 triphenyl phosphate A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. 5-{bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl}-1,3-benzodioxole IDOMAL:0000888 piprotal A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. dipropyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-methylnaphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxole-5,6-dicarboxylate IDOMAL:0000891 propyl isome A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL The sulphur analog of a ketone that can have the role of an insecticide synergist. (RS)-2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-methylethyl octyl sulfoxide IDOMAL:0000895 sulfoxide The sulphur analog of a ketone that can have the role of an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate IDOMAL:0000898 tribufos A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL Wire or cloth mesh used to prevent insects from entering a building or landing on a potential food source. louis 2008-08-06T11:56:41Z IDOMAL:0001024 In the scope of vector management is carries the function of a personal protection measure against vectors in that it prevents entry by arthropods and thus reduces indoor vector biting of humans. [VSMO:Authors]. screening material Wire or cloth mesh used to prevent insects from entering a building or landing on a potential food source. KL:KL Clothes worn in order to prevent mosquitoes from biting. louis 2008-08-06T12:03:44Z IDOMAL:0001031 Protective clothing can be used to prevent bites by a wide range of arthropod vectors, including ticks and different types of insects. [VSMO:Authors]. protective clothing Clothes worn in order to prevent mosquitoes from biting. KL:KL A role borne by pathogen in virtue of the fact that it or one of its products is sufficiently close to an organism towards which it has the pathogenic disposition to allow realization of the pathogenic disposition. akila 2010-03-16T12:14:26Z IDO:0000405 pathogen role A role borne by pathogen in virtue of the fact that it or one of its products is sufficiently close to an organism towards which it has the pathogenic disposition to allow realization of the pathogenic disposition. OBO:sourced A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the infection incidence proportion per unit time. IDO:0000484 Also referred to as infection rate. [VSMO:authors] infection incidence rate A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the infection incidence proportion per unit time. OBO:sourced A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the estimated number of organisms in the population infected with an infectious agent at a specified time. IDO:0000486 This refers to the estimate not the actual infected individuals. infection prevalence A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the estimated number of organisms in the population infected with an infectious agent at a specified time. OBO:sourced An infection that has as part virus particles located in the blood. IDO:0000505 viremia An infection that has as part virus particles located in the blood. OBO:sourced An infection that has as part bacteria located in the blood. IDO:0000506 bacteremia An infection that has as part bacteria located in the blood. OBO:sourced An aggregate of organisms of the same species. IDO:0000509 The organism population may be delineated by spatio-temporal proximity or by demographic criteria such as age. [VSMO:Authors]. organism population An aggregate of organisms of the same species. OBO:sourced A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000002 carbamate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2555 MIRO:10000003 aldicarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38463 MIRO:10000004 alanycarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2653 MIRO:10000005 aminocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34556 MIRO:10000006 bendiocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3014 MIRO:10000007 benfuracarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38465 MIRO:10000008 butocarboxim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38470 MIRO:10000009 butoxycarboxim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3390 MIRO:10000010 carbaryl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34611 MIRO:10000011 carbofuran A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38476 MIRO:10000012 carbosulfan A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38483 MIRO:10000013 ethiofencarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34304 MIRO:10000014 fenobucarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38491 MIRO:10000015 formetanate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38504 MIRO:10000016 furathiocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38505 MIRO:10000017 isoprocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38508 MIRO:10000018 methiocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6835 MIRO:10000019 methomyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38537 MIRO:10000020 metolcarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38539 MIRO:10000021 oxamyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:8248 MIRO:10000022 pirimicarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34938 MIRO:10000023 propoxur A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38548 MIRO:10000024 thiodicarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38549 MIRO:10000025 thiofanox A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38569 MIRO:10000026 trimethacarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38571 MIRO:10000027 XMC A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:35048 MIRO:10000028 xylylcarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38576 MIRO:10000029 triazamate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:25708 MIRO:10000031 organophosphate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34520 MIRO:10000032 acephate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38578 MIRO:10000033 azamethiphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38587 MIRO:10000034 azinphos-ethyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2953 MIRO:10000035 azinphos-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38588 MIRO:10000036 cadusafos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38590 MIRO:10000037 chlorethoxyfos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38598 MIRO:10000038 chlorfenvinphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38603 MIRO:10000039 chlormephos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34631 MIRO:10000040 chlorpyrifos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34632 MIRO:10000041 chlorpyrifos-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3903 MIRO:10000042 coumaphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38621 MIRO:10000043 cyanophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38624 MIRO:10000044 demeton-S-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34682 MIRO:10000045 diazinon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34690 DDVP MIRO:10000046 dichlorvos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38658 MIRO:10000047 dicrotophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34714 MIRO:10000048 dimethoate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38659 MIRO:10000049 dimethylvinphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38661 MIRO:10000050 disulfoton A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34733 MIRO:10000051 EPN A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38663 MIRO:10000052 ethion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38665 MIRO:10000053 ethoprophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38677 MIRO:10000054 famphur A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38680 MIRO:10000055 fenamiphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34757 MIRO:10000056 fenitrothion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34760 MIRO:10000057 fensulfothion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34761 MIRO:10000058 fenthion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38689 MIRO:10000059 fonofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38692 MIRO:10000060 fosthiazate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38693 MIRO:10000061 heptenophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6009 MIRO:10000062 isofenphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38704 isocarbophos MIRO:10000063 isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34801 MIRO:10000064 isoxathion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6651 MIRO:10000065 malathion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38718 MIRO:10000066 mecarbam A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38721 MIRO:10000067 methamidophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34837 MIRO:10000068 methidathion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38725 MIRO:10000069 mevinphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38728 MIRO:10000070 monocrotophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38729 MIRO:10000071 naled A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38730 MIRO:10000072 omethoate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38735 MIRO:10000073 oxydemeton-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:27928 MIRO:10000074 parathion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38746 MIRO:10000075 parathion-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34917 MIRO:10000076 phenthoate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38764 MIRO:10000077 phorate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:8121 MIRO:10000078 phosalone A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38786 MIRO:10000079 phosmet A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38832 MIRO:10000080 phosphamidon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38812 MIRO:10000081 phoxim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38843 MIRO:10000082 pirimiphos-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38845 bromofos MIRO:10000083 profenofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38858 MIRO:10000084 propaphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38864 MIRO:10000085 propetamphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000086 prothiofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38876 MIRO:10000087 pyraclofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38881 MIRO:10000088 pyridaphenthion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:8712 MIRO:10000089 quinalphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38945 MIRO:10000090 sulfotep A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38949 MIRO:10000091 sulprofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38951 MIRO:10000092 tebupirimfos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38954 OMS-786 MIRO:10000093 temephos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38960 MIRO:10000094 terbufos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:35005 MIRO:10000095 tetrachlorvinphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38962 MIRO:10000096 thiometon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38963 MIRO:10000097 triazophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6908 MIRO:10000098 trichlorfon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38990 MIRO:10000099 vamidothion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. IRAC:eClassification MIRO:10000101 moulting disruptor A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:23457 MIRO:10000102 cyclodiene organochlorine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34623 MIRO:10000103 chlordane A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4791 MIRO:10000104 endosulfan A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:32888 gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane MIRO:10000105 gamma-HCH A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34785 MIRO:10000106 heptachlor A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:32888 MIRO:10000107 lindane A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CAS:7-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-ethoxy-3,5-dioxa-6-aza-4-phosphaoct-6-ene-8-nitrile4-sulfide IUPAC:O,O-diethyl2-chloro--cyanobenzylideneaminooxyphosphonothioate chlorphoxin MIRO:10000108 chlorphoxim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000109 fipronil / phenylpyrazole A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5063 MIRO:10000110 fipronil A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:26413 MIRO:10000112 pyrethroid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39091 MIRO:10000113 acrinathrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34572 MIRO:10000114 allethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39137 MIRO:10000115 d-cis-trans allethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39118 MIRO:10000116 d-trans allethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3093 MIRO:10000117 bifenthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34572 MIRO:10000118 bioallethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39115 MIRO:10000119 bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39280 MIRO:10000120 bioresmethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39283 MIRO:10000121 cycloprothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4034 MIRO:10000122 cyfluthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39314 MIRO:10000123 beta-cyfluthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4035 MIRO:10000124 cyhalothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39325 MIRO:10000125 lambda-cyhalothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39323 MIRO:10000126 gamma-cyhalothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4042 MIRO:10000127 cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39331 MIRO:10000128 alpha-cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39332 MIRO:10000129 beta-cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39333 MIRO:10000130 theta-cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39334 MIRO:10000131 zeta-cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39341 MIRO:10000132 cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans- isomers] A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4388 MIRO:10000133 deltamethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39404 MIRO:10000134 empenthrin [(EZ)- (1R)- isomers] A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39346 MIRO:10000135 esfenvalerate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39348 MIRO:10000136 etofenprox A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39353 MIRO:10000137 fenpropathrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5014 MIRO:10000138 fenvalerate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34763 MIRO:10000139 flucythrinate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39361 MIRO:10000140 flumethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39367 MIRO:10000141 tau-fluvalinate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39368 MIRO:10000142 halfenprox A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39389 MIRO:10000143 imiprothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34911 MIRO:10000144 permethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39341 sumithrin MIRO:10000145 phenothrin [(1R)-trans- isomer] A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39391 MIRO:10000146 prallethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:8811 MIRO:10000147 resmethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39392 kadethrin MIRO:10000148 rU 15525 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39393 MIRO:10000149 silafluofen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:9430 MIRO:10000150 tefluthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39397 MIRO:10000151 tetramethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39399 MIRO:10000152 tetramethrin [(1R)- isomers] A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39400 MIRO:10000153 tralomethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:32253 MIRO:10000154 transfluthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39402 MIRO:10000155 ZXI 8901 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:27815 pyrethrum MIRO:10000156 pyrethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:16130 MIRO:10000157 DDT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6842 MIRO:10000158 methoxychlor A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34696 IUPAC:(1R,4S,4aS,5R,6R,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-6,7-epoxy-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene MIRO:10000160 dieldrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39182 MIRO:10000161 neonicotinoid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39163 MIRO:10000162 acetamiprid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39178 MIRO:10000163 clothianidin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39183 MIRO:10000164 dinotefuran A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5870 MIRO:10000165 imidacloprid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39171 MIRO:10000166 nitenpyram A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39175 MIRO:10000167 thiacloprid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39185 MIRO:10000168 thiamethoxam A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:18723 MIRO:10000170 nicotine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39188 MIRO:10000172 bensultap A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3436 MIRO:10000173 cartap A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39211 MIRO:10000175 spinosad A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39213 MIRO:10000177 avermectin and milbemycin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39214 MIRO:10000178 abamectin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39233 MIRO:10000179 emamectin benzoate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39225 MIRO:10000180 milbemectin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:24942 IRAC:eClassification MIRO:10000181 juvenile hormone mimic A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000183 juvenile hormone analogue A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39234 MIRO:10000184 hydroprene A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39243 MIRO:10000185 kinoprene A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39255 MIRO:10000186 methoprene A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5009 MIRO:10000188 fenoxycarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39260 MIRO:10000190 pyriproxyfen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39275 MIRO:10000193 methyl bromide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000194 methyl bromide and other alkyl halides A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39285 MIRO:10000196 chloropicrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39287 MIRO:10000198 sulfuryl fluoride A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39290 MIRO:10000201 cryolite A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000202 sesamolin true A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39311 MIRO:10000203 pymetrozine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39291 MIRO:10000205 flonicamid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. IRAC:eClassification MIRO:10000206 growth inhibitor sensu acarea A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39315 MIRO:10000208 clofentezine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000209 malaoxon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39326 MIRO:10000210 hexythiazox A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. chlorothion MIRO:10000211 chlorthion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39329 MIRO:10000212 etoxazole A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. Pantelis 2009-03-13T10:56:22Z Bt toxin MIRO:10000214 Bacillus thurigiensis toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. Bti MIRO:10000215 Bacillus thurigiensis var. israelensis toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000217 Bacillus thurigiensis var. sphaericus toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000219 Bacillus thurigiensis var. aizawai toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000221 Bacillus thurigiensis var. kurstaki toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000223 Bacillus thurigiensis var. tenebrionensis toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39299 MIRO:10000226 diafenthiuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39292 MIRO:10000228 organotin miticide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2959 MIRO:10000229 azocyclotin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4036 MIRO:10000230 cyhexatin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39294 MIRO:10000231 fenbutatin oxide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39300 MIRO:10000233 propargite A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39330 MIRO:10000234 tetradifon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39411 MIRO:10000235 chloropropylate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39347 MIRO:10000237 chlorfenapyr A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39349 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol MIRO:10000238 DNOC A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance with the ability to kill insects. IRAC:eClassification insecticide MIRO:10000239 insecticidal substance A chemical substance with the ability to kill insects. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38494 MIRO:10000241 benzoylurea A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39370 MIRO:10000242 chlorfluazuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34703 MIRO:10000243 diflubenzuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39374 MIRO:10000244 fluazuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39375 MIRO:10000245 flucycloxuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39382 MIRO:10000246 flufenoxuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39383 MIRO:10000247 hexaflumuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39384 MIRO:10000248 lufenuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39385 MIRO:10000249 novaluron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39386 MIRO:10000250 noviflumuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39387 MIRO:10000251 teflubenzuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39388 MIRO:10000252 triflumuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3218 MIRO:10000254 buprofezin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000255 moulting disruptor in Diptera A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:30260 MIRO:10000256 cyromazine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38456 MIRO:10000257 moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38450 MIRO:10000259 chromafenozide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38451 MIRO:10000260 halofenozide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38449 MIRO:10000261 methoxyfenozide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38452 MIRO:10000262 tebufenozide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38473 MIRO:10000264 azadirachtin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2665 MIRO:10000266 amitraz A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2630 MIRO:10000269 hydramethylnon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38592 MIRO:10000271 acequinocyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38591 MIRO:10000273 fluacrypyrim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38593 MIRO:10000275 fenazaquin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5011 MIRO:10000276 fenpyroximate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38604 MIRO:10000277 pyrimidifen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38626 MIRO:10000278 pyridaben A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:9422 MIRO:10000279 tebufenpyrad A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38628 MIRO:10000280 tolfenpyrad A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:28201 MIRO:10000281 rotenone A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38630 MIRO:10000283 indoxacarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:33755 MIRO:10000285 tetronic acid derivative A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38639 MIRO:10000286 spirodiclofen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38640 MIRO:10000287 spiromesifen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000289 spirotetramat A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38495 MIRO:10000290 aluminium phosphide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:17514 MIRO:10000292 cyanide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:35883 MIRO:10000294 phosphine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is able to kill insects. MIRO:10000296 bifenazate A chemical substance which is able to kill insects. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:18172 MIRO:10000298 fluoroacetate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38798 MIRO:10000307 flubendiamide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38813 MIRO:10000310 benzoximate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34620 MIRO:10000312 chinomethionat A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34692 MIRO:10000314 dicofol A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38887 MIRO:10000316 pyridalyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. OBI OBI:0000011 planned process A planned process with the objective to produce information about some evaluant. measuring scientific observation OBI OBI:0000070 Example of usage: Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house. assay A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. material transformation OBI OBI:0000094 material processing PCR is the process in which a DNA polymerase is used to amplify a piece of DNA by in vitro enzymatic replication. As PCR progresses, the DNA thus generated is itself used as a template for replication. This sets in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA template is exponentially amplified. PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymerase chain reaction OBI:0000415 polymerase chain reaction PCR is the process in which a DNA polymerase is used to amplify a piece of DNA by in vitro enzymatic replication. As PCR progresses, the DNA thus generated is itself used as a template for replication. This sets in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA template is exponentially amplified. OBI:authors A planned process with the objective of obtaining a specimen. OBI:0000659 specimen collection A planned process with the objective of obtaining a specimen. OBI:authors A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. OBI OBI:0100026 organism A protocol application in which an organism is intentionally put to death. death status type euthanisia life termination sacrifice OBI OBI:0600006 killing A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. PATO:0000383 female A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. MGED:MGED A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. PATO:0000384 male A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. MGED:MGED The number of time that a viviparous organism has given birth. gkoutos 2012-05-03T11:27:56Z PATO:0002370 parity The number of time that a viviparous organism has given birth. wiki:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_(biology) Vaccination is: an 'administering substance in vivo' that involves in adding vaccine into a host (e.g., human, mouse) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective immune response. slozano 2012-08-06T10:51:19Z VE Vaccination Vaccinations Vaccines even vaccine first vaccination other vaccines such vaccination such vaccines third vaccination vaccinations vaccinators vaccine vaccine was well vaccinees vaccines VO:0000002 vaccination Vaccination is: an 'administering substance in vivo' that involves in adding vaccine into a host (e.g., human, mouse) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective immune response. VO:Authors Vaccination process that occurs in oral route. YL 2010-03-15T01:43:59Z VO:0003021 oral vaccination Vaccination process that occurs in oral route. VO:Authors The process of material separation to recover the fraction of a pathogenic microorganism of a given taxon from an input material COMMENT: This can be achieved by growing a pathogenic organism for some period of time in a suitable medium, culture or laboratory animal host. This method often is complemented by additional confirmation by other identification methods. One benefit of pathogen isolation is that it demonstrates the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material or animal. leisen 2010-05-20T03:11:10Z VSMO:0000000 pathogen isolation The process of material separation to recover the fraction of a pathogenic microorganism of a given taxon from an input material COMMENT: This can be achieved by growing a pathogenic organism for some period of time in a suitable medium, culture or laboratory animal host. This method often is complemented by additional confirmation by other identification methods. One benefit of pathogen isolation is that it demonstrates the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material or animal. VSMO:Authors The inactive first metamorphic stage (egg) of the arthopod life cycle. leisen 2010-05-20T03:33:57Z VSMO:0000001 arthropod egg stage The inactive first metamorphic stage (egg) of the arthopod life cycle. VSMO:Authors The final, reproductive stage (adult female or male) of the arthropod life cycle. COMMENT: The female may or may not be parasitic (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (ametabolous insects, holometabolous insects, paurometabolous insects, and soft ticks). leisen 2010-05-20T03:34:58Z VSMO:0000002 arthropod adult stage The final, reproductive stage (adult female or male) of the arthropod life cycle. COMMENT: The female may or may not be parasitic (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (ametabolous insects, holometabolous insects, paurometabolous insects, and soft ticks). VSMO:Authors A chemical compound that can be used to enhance the killing efficacy of an insecticide formulation. slozano 2012-10-15T11:01:42Z VSMO:0000003 synergist for insecticide formulation A chemical compound that can be used to enhance the killing efficacy of an insecticide formulation. VSMO:Authors A planned process with the objective to produce information about some evaluant with the purpose of, if justified by the information gathered, managing, directing, or protecting. slozano 2012-12-13T03:10:45Z VSMO:0000004 surveillance process A planned process with the objective to produce information about some evaluant with the purpose of, if justified by the information gathered, managing, directing, or protecting. VSMO:Authors A planned process where activities are organized and coordinated with the objective of accomplishing a goal COMMENT: Examples of management goals are to reduce contact between vectors and pathogen reservoirs or between vectors and humans or domestic animals. slozano 2012-12-13T04:12:19Z VSMO:0000005 management process A planned process where activities are organized and coordinated with the objective of accomplishing a goal COMMENT: Examples of management goals are to reduce contact between vectors and pathogen reservoirs or between vectors and humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors Any protozoan of the Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Apicomplexans are eucaryotic alveolates. leisen 2012-07-31T04:31:18Z NCBITaxon:5864 VSMO:0000006 Apicomplexa Any protozoan of the Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Apicomplexans are eucaryotic alveolates. VSMO:Authors The biological process comprised of a single metamorphic stage (life stage) or its sub-stages. slozano 2012-12-13T05:42:31Z FBdv:00005259 FBdv:00007010 biological_process VSMO:0000007 developmental stage The biological process comprised of a single metamorphic stage (life stage) or its sub-stages. VSMO:Authors FBdv:00005259 FlyBase development CV FBdv:00007010 FlyBase development CV Quality in the form of an approximation of the value, number, quantity, or extent of one or several types of objects. slozano 2012-11-29T10:11:14Z VSMO:0000008 estimate Quality in the form of an approximation of the value, number, quantity, or extent of one or several types of objects. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines its pathogen infection status. leisen 2012-08-14T04:14:04Z VSMO:0000009 arthropod infection status Quality of individual arthropod which defines its pathogen infection status. VSMO:Authors Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of bacteria of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. leisen 2012-10-03T12:05:20Z VSMO:0000010 bacterial aggregate Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of bacteria of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. VSMO:Authors A material with a definite chemical composition. Owner 2010-03-07T04:57:33Z VSMO:0000011 chemical compound A material with a definite chemical composition. IDOMAL:0000672 A pharmaceutically active chemical substance used for killing pests (including insects, mites and ticks serving as vectors of human pathogens). Owner 2010-03-07T04:58:09Z VSMO:0000012 chemical pesticide active substance true A pharmaceutically active chemical substance used for killing pests (including insects, mites and ticks serving as vectors of human pathogens). VSMO:Authors The process of gathering arthropods from an aquatic environment. leisen 2012-08-14T12:04:28Z VSMO:0000013 collection of aquatic arthropods The process of gathering arthropods from an aquatic environment. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an organism in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. slozano 2012-11-30T11:43:31Z VSMO:0000014 The role is realized in the killing and/or population reduction of a target pest organisms. biological control agent role A role borne by an organism in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. VSMO:Authors A tabanid fly of Genus Tabanus with the species designation of lineola. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri leisen 2012-05-08T11:14:50Z VSMO:0000015 Tabanus lineola A tabanid fly of Genus Tabanus with the species designation of lineola. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri ISBN:0851994733 An approximation of infection in a group of organisms. slozano 2012-12-04T03:10:31Z VSMO:0000016 estimate of infection An approximation of infection in a group of organisms. VSMO:Authors An approximation of the abundance of one or several types of objects. slozano 2012-12-04T03:15:47Z VSMO:0000017 estimate of abundance An approximation of the abundance of one or several types of objects. VSMO:Authors Hybomitra is a Genus in Family Tabanidae. leisen 2012-05-08T11:16:49Z NCBITaxon:124690 VSMO:0000018 Hybomitra Hybomitra is a Genus in Family Tabanidae. VSMO:Authors A process aiming to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. slozano 2012-12-04T03:50:26Z VSMO:0000019 vector control Any life stage of an arthropod. slozano 2012-12-31T11:30:02Z biological_process VSMO:0000020 life stage of arthropod Any life stage of an arthropod. VSMO:authors Object that can be used to complete a process. COMMENT: Examples of processes where equipment is used include collection of arthropods and broadcast of a pesticide. Owner 2010-03-07T05:24:38Z VSMO:0000021 equipment Object that can be used to complete a process. COMMENT: Examples of processes where equipment is used include collection of arthropods and broadcast of a pesticide. VSMO:Authors Equipment used in the process of collecting arthropods. Owner 2010-03-07T05:25:00Z VSMO:0000022 equipment for collection of arthropods Equipment used in the process of collecting arthropods. VSMO:Authors Equipment used in the process of managing arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors by killing them or preventing vector-host contact. Owner 2010-03-07T05:25:35Z VSMO:0000023 equipment for management of vectors Equipment used in the process of managing arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors by killing them or preventing vector-host contact. VSMO:Authors A tabanid fly of Genus Hybomitra with the species designation of aatos. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri leisen 2012-05-08T11:17:38Z VSMO:0000024 Hybomitra aatos A tabanid fly of Genus Hybomitra with the species designation of aatos. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri ISBN:0851994733 An assay to produce information about the form and structure of an organism or its parts. slozano 2012-12-31T11:46:00Z OBI VSMO:0000025 morphological assay An assay to produce information about the form and structure of an organism or its parts. VSMO:Authors Invertebrate animal belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda. COMMENT: Also called arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T09:18:11Z NCBITaxon:6656 arthropod VSMO:0000026 Arthropoda Invertebrate animal belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda. COMMENT: Also called arthropod. ISBN:0124732763 Insecta is a Class within Phylum Arthropoda. akila 2010-03-11T09:18:56Z NCBITaxon:50557 insect VSMO:0000027 Insecta Insecta is a Class within Phylum Arthropoda. ISBN:0124732763 Ceratopogonidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called biting midges. akila 2010-03-11T09:19:27Z NCBITaxon:41819 biting midges VSMO:0000028 Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called biting midges. ISBN:0124732763 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Getah virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in horses. Occurs in Asia and Australia. 2012-05-08T11:53:57Z NCBITaxon:59300 VSMO:0000029 Getah virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Getah virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in horses. Occurs in Asia and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 The process of giving a mark. slozano 2012-12-05T04:07:17Z VSMO:0000030 marking process The process of giving a mark. VSMO:Authors A planned process with the objective to keep something from coming to harm. slozano 2012-12-05T04:42:37Z VSMO:0000031 protection process A planned process with the objective to keep something from coming to harm. VSMO:Authors The function of a substance realized when it kills pests. COMMENT: In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. slozano 2012-12-06T12:14:11Z CHEBI:25944 VSMO:0000032 pesticide function The function of a substance realized when it kills pests. COMMENT: In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. VSMO:Authors The function of a device or substance realized when it prevents pests from approaching an air volume or settling on a treated substrate. slozano 2012-12-06T12:21:27Z VSMO:0000033 pest repellent function The function of a device or substance realized when it prevents pests from approaching an air volume or settling on a treated substrate. VSMO:Authors A manufacture material designed to be worn on the body. slozano 2012-12-06T01:43:41Z VSMO:0000034 clothing A manufacture material designed to be worn on the body. VSMO:Authors An assay to produce information about an immunologically reactive substance. slozano 2012-12-31T01:16:23Z VSMO:0000035 immunochemical assay An assay to produce information about an immunologically reactive substance. VSMO:Authors An assay to produce information about some genetic material. slozano 2012-12-31T01:39:18Z VSMO:0000036 genetic assay An assay to produce information about some genetic material. VSMO:Authors An assay to produce information about some whole organism. slozano 2012-12-31T01:47:15Z VSMO:0000037 organism based assay An assay to produce information about some whole organism. VSMO:Authors Ixodidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called hard ticks. akila 2010-03-11T09:26:04Z NCBITaxon:6939 hard ticks VSMO:0000038 Ixodidae Ixodidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called hard ticks. ISBN:0124732763 Argasidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called soft ticks. akila 2010-03-11T09:26:28Z NCBITaxon:6936 soft ticks VSMO:0000039 Argasidae Argasidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called soft ticks. ISBN:0124732763 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Bwamba virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the Bwamba Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Pongola virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2012-05-08T12:04:11Z NCBITaxon:35310 VSMO:0000040 Bwamba virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Bwamba virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the Bwamba Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Pongola virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 Trombiculidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called trombiculid mites. akila 2010-03-11T09:27:16Z NCBITaxon:92251 trombiculid mites VSMO:0000041 Trombiculidae Trombiculidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called trombiculid mites. ISBN:0124732763 ISBN:9780123725004 An organism of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size. akila 2010-03-11T09:29:52Z VSMO:0000042 microorganism An organism of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size. VSMO:Authors Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of Bacteria - of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod shaped single celled microorganisms. COMMENT: Bacteria may lack cell walls or are gram positive or gram negative if they have cell walls. akila 2010-03-11T09:30:46Z NCBITaxon:2 VSMO:0000043 Bacteria Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of Bacteria - of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod shaped single celled microorganisms. COMMENT: Bacteria may lack cell walls or are gram positive or gram negative if they have cell walls. VSMO:Authors Any protozoan of the Order Kinetoplastida. COMMENT: Kinetoplasts are eucaryotic Euglenozoa. akila 2010-03-11T09:31:01Z NCBITaxon:5653 VSMO:0000044 Kinetoplastida Any protozoan of the Order Kinetoplastida. COMMENT: Kinetoplasts are eucaryotic Euglenozoa. VSMO:Authors Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of viruses - of submicroscopic infective agents that are regarded either as extremely simple microorganisms or as extremely complex molecules. akila 2010-03-11T09:31:21Z NCBITaxon:10239 VSMO:0000045 viruses Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of viruses - of submicroscopic infective agents that are regarded either as extremely simple microorganisms or as extremely complex molecules. VSMO:Authors Object aggregate in the form of microorganisms of a given taxon. akila 2010-03-11T11:27:15Z VSMO:0000046 microorganism aggregate Object aggregate in the form of microorganisms of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the prevalence or rate of examined vertebrates of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. leisen 2012-08-14T10:17:27Z VSMO:0000047 estimation of pathogen infection prevalence or rate in vertebrates Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the prevalence or rate of examined vertebrates of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod in the form of the number of bacteria of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T11:28:39Z VSMO:0000048 bacterial load of arthropod Quality of individual arthropod in the form of the number of bacteria of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. VSMO:Authors The number of parasites of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T11:29:02Z VSMO:0000049 parasite load of arthropod The number of parasites of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. VSMO:Authors The number of sporozoites of a given parasite taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. COMMENT: Often measured as the total number of sporozoites present in the salivary glands of a single infected arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T11:29:25Z VSMO:0000050 sporozoite load of arthropod The number of sporozoites of a given parasite taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. COMMENT: Often measured as the total number of sporozoites present in the salivary glands of a single infected arthropod. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod in the form of the number of viral particles of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T11:30:33Z VSMO:0000051 viral load of arthropod Quality of individual arthropod in the form of the number of viral particles of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. VSMO:Authors Hepatozoon is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Hepatozoon is a Genus in the Family Hepatozoidae of Order Eucoccidiorida. leisen 2012-05-08T12:20:56Z NCBITaxon:75741 VSMO:0000052 Hepatozoon Hepatozoon is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Hepatozoon is a Genus in the Family Hepatozoidae of Order Eucoccidiorida. VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the quantity of vertebrates of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. leisen 2012-08-14T10:18:36Z VSMO:0000053 estimation of the quantity of infected vertebrates Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the quantity of vertebrates of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of Eukaryota - whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. COMMENT: The eucaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes are located. leisen 2012-07-31T04:23:17Z NCBITaxon:2759 VSMO:0000054 eukaryotic microorganism Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of Eukaryota - whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. COMMENT: The eucaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes are located. VSMO:Authors An infection that has as part parasites located in the blood. akila 2010-03-11T11:33:39Z DOID: 2293 VSMO:0000055 parasitemia An infection that has as part parasites located in the blood. VSMO:Authors An infection that has as part gametocytes located in the blood. akila 2010-03-11T11:58:23Z VSMO:0000056 gametocytemia An infection that has as part gametocytes located in the blood. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Hepatozoon with the species designation of canis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (hepatozoonosis) in dogs. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2012-05-08T12:25:04Z NCBITaxon:110120 VSMO:0000057 Hepatozoon canis An apicomplexan of Genus Hepatozoon with the species designation of canis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (hepatozoonosis) in dogs. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 Change of the physical environment of a home or other building with the goal to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. leisen 2012-08-14T11:11:26Z VSMO:0000058 indoor environmental vector control Change of the physical environment of a home or other building with the goal to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. VSMO:Authors Object aggregate in the form of a group of arthropods of a given taxon. akila 2010-03-11T12:01:10Z VSMO:0000059 arthropod aggregate Object aggregate in the form of a group of arthropods of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Process to detect a pathogenic organism. COMMENT: Pathogen detection includes testing of samples with PCR, ELISA and other methods. slozano 2012-08-06T10:13:27Z VSMO:0000060 pathogen detection Process to detect a pathogenic organism. COMMENT: Pathogen detection includes testing of samples with PCR, ELISA and other methods. VSMO:authors Process to quantify the numbers of off-host individuals of an arthropod species based on a dimensionless abundance measure. COMMENT: Abundance is a dimensionless, relative quantity used to describe the number of vector individuals in one population compared to those in another population. It is used most commonly for the human-biting life stages of the vectors (adults for insect vectors and larvae, nymphs or adults for tick vectors) but also can be used to quantify immatures in aquatic samples (for example dips for mosquito larvae). Examples include abundance of a mosquito vector per trap night, abundance of a mosquito vector per home examined using pyrethrum spray catch, abundance of mosquito larvae per dip and abundance of a tick vector per man-hour of drag sampling. akila 2010-03-11T12:24:30Z VSMO:0000061 estimation of off -host arthropod abundance Process to quantify the numbers of off-host individuals of an arthropod species based on a dimensionless abundance measure. COMMENT: Abundance is a dimensionless, relative quantity used to describe the number of vector individuals in one population compared to those in another population. It is used most commonly for the human-biting life stages of the vectors (adults for insect vectors and larvae, nymphs or adults for tick vectors) but also can be used to quantify immatures in aquatic samples (for example dips for mosquito larvae). Examples include abundance of a mosquito vector per trap night, abundance of a mosquito vector per home examined using pyrethrum spray catch, abundance of mosquito larvae per dip and abundance of a tick vector per man-hour of drag sampling. ISBN:0195073134 VSMO:Authors Process to quantify the numbers of off-host individuals of an arthropod species based on a density measure of individuals per unit area, unit length, or unit volume. COMMENT: An examples is the density of a tick species per 100 square meters. akila 2010-03-11T12:24:51Z VSMO:0000062 estimation of vector density Process to quantify the numbers of off-host individuals of an arthropod species based on a density measure of individuals per unit area, unit length, or unit volume. COMMENT: An examples is the density of a tick species per 100 square meters. ISBN:0195073134 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which quantifies their absolute density per unit area, unit length, or unit volume. COMMENT: Measuring absolute density is essential for the proper construction of life budgets but often is very difficult and work intensive. akila 2010-03-11T12:25:38Z VSMO:0000063 absolute density of arthropods off-host Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which quantifies their absolute density per unit area, unit length, or unit volume. COMMENT: Measuring absolute density is essential for the proper construction of life budgets but often is very difficult and work intensive. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Hepatozoon with the species designation of americanum. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (hepatozoonosis) in dogs. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-05-08T12:28:42Z NCBITaxon:110119 VSMO:0000064 Hepatozoon americanum An apicomplexan of Genus Hepatozoon with the species designation of americanum. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (hepatozoonosis) in dogs. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which quantifies their relative density per unit area, unit length, or unit volume based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Commonly used as an alternative to absolute density. An example of a relative density measure is the number of host-seeking ticks of a given taxon and life stage collected per 100 square meters of sampling the vegetation using a standard tick drag. akila 2010-03-11T12:27:24Z VSMO:0000065 relative density of arthropods off-host Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which quantifies their relative density per unit area, unit length, or unit volume based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Commonly used as an alternative to absolute density. An example of a relative density measure is the number of host-seeking ticks of a given taxon and life stage collected per 100 square meters of sampling the vegetation using a standard tick drag. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to enumeration of an aggregate of arthropods. leisen 2012-08-15T10:22:33Z VSMO:0000066 measure relating to enumeration of aggregate of arthropods Measure relating to enumeration of an aggregate of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of arthropod eggs, which quantifies their relative number based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Oviposition traps can be used to estimate how commonly egg laying females are present. Due to skip oviposition in some species, it may be prudent to restrict data analyses to ovitraps being positive or negative for eggs rather using numbers of eggs. akila 2010-03-11T12:28:51Z VSMO:0000067 abundance estimate for arthropod eggs off-host Measure relating to aggregate of arthropod eggs, which quantifies their relative number based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Oviposition traps can be used to estimate how commonly egg laying females are present. Due to skip oviposition in some species, it may be prudent to restrict data analyses to ovitraps being positive or negative for eggs rather using numbers of eggs. VSMO:Authors Abundance estimate for arthropod eggs, which quantifies the percentage of examined ovitraps that contain eggs. akila 2010-03-11T12:29:25Z VSMO:0000068 prevalence of ovitraps with mosquito eggs Abundance estimate for arthropod eggs, which quantifies the percentage of examined ovitraps that contain eggs. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of mosquito immatures, which quantifies their relative number based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: These estimates are typically based on removal sampling. One example is the number of mosquito larvae collected per dip with a standard dipper. Several indices have been developed for abundance of immatures of mosquito species that exploit water holding containers as larval development sites, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This includes the traditional Stegomyia indices and more recently developed pupal indices. Stated reasons for using pupal indices include that (i) absolute counts of pupae are feasible in most domestic settings, (ii) larval indices do not account for variable mortality of the larval stage (based on crowding, variable food supply etc) which can impact container productivity, whereas pupal mortality is slight and less variable, and (iii) the number of pupae per person is highly positively correlated with the number of adult mosquitoes per person. akila 2010-03-11T12:31:35Z VSMO:0000069 abundance estimate for mosquito immatures Measure relating to aggregate of mosquito immatures, which quantifies their relative number based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: These estimates are typically based on removal sampling. One example is the number of mosquito larvae collected per dip with a standard dipper. Several indices have been developed for abundance of immatures of mosquito species that exploit water holding containers as larval development sites, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This includes the traditional Stegomyia indices and more recently developed pupal indices. Stated reasons for using pupal indices include that (i) absolute counts of pupae are feasible in most domestic settings, (ii) larval indices do not account for variable mortality of the larval stage (based on crowding, variable food supply etc) which can impact container productivity, whereas pupal mortality is slight and less variable, and (iii) the number of pupae per person is highly positively correlated with the number of adult mosquitoes per person. VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the breteau index (BI), which denotes the number of containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures per 100 examined premises. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the BI is calculated as: number of containers with larvae/number of premises examined*100. akila 2010-03-11T12:33:17Z VSMO:0000070 breteau index Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the breteau index (BI), which denotes the number of containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures per 100 examined premises. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the BI is calculated as: number of containers with larvae/number of premises examined*100. ISBN:0851991343 VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the container index (CI), which denotes the percentage of water-holding containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the CI is calculated as: number of containers with larvae/number of water-holding containers*100. akila 2010-03-11T12:33:38Z VSMO:0000071 container index Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the container index (CI), which denotes the percentage of water-holding containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the CI is calculated as: number of containers with larvae/number of water-holding containers*100. ISBN:0851991343 VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the house index (HI), which denotes the percentage of houses examined with containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the HI is calculated as: number of premises with larvae/number of premises visited*100. akila 2010-03-11T12:33:45Z VSMO:0000072 house index Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the house index (HI), which denotes the percentage of houses examined with containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the HI is calculated as: number of premises with larvae/number of premises visited*100. ISBN:0851991343 VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated pupae per hectare and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the total area in hectares for examined premises. akila 2010-03-11T12:34:32Z VSMO:0000073 pupae per hectare Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated pupae per hectare and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the total area in hectares for examined premises. VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated pupae per person and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the total number of residents for examined premises. akila 2010-03-11T12:35:02Z VSMO:0000074 pupae per person Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated pupae per person and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the total number of residents for examined premises. VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated the pupal index and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the number of premises visited and then multiplied by factor of 100. akila 2010-03-11T12:36:15Z VSMO:0000075 pupal index Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated the pupal index and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the number of premises visited and then multiplied by factor of 100. VSMO:Authors A protection process with the objective of preventing arthropod bites. slozano 2013-01-17T10:51:32Z VSMO:0000076 protection against arthropod bites A protection process with the objective of preventing arthropod bites. VSMO:Authors Estimate relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the number of arthropods divided by the number of infested hosts. akila 2010-03-11T12:38:37Z VSMO:0000077 intensity of host infestation by arthropods Estimate relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the number of arthropods divided by the number of infested hosts. ISBN:0195073134 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the total number of arthropods divided by the total number of hosts examined. COMMENT: Also called mean density per host or population intensity. akila 2010-03-11T12:38:56Z VSMO:0000078 abundance of arthropods per host Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the total number of arthropods divided by the total number of hosts examined. COMMENT: Also called mean density per host or population intensity. VSMO:Authors On-host abundance measure for an aggregate of fleas which is calculated as the average number of fleas of a given taxon on a given vertebrate host taxon. COMMENT: A specific flea index greater than 1 for the Yersinia pestis flea vector Xenopsylla cheopis on rats is considered a dangerously high infestation level potentially resulting in a rat plague epizootic. akila 2010-03-11T12:39:31Z VSMO:0000079 specific flea index On-host abundance measure for an aggregate of fleas which is calculated as the average number of fleas of a given taxon on a given vertebrate host taxon. COMMENT: A specific flea index greater than 1 for the Yersinia pestis flea vector Xenopsylla cheopis on rats is considered a dangerously high infestation level potentially resulting in a rat plague epizootic. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Estimate relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the percentage of all examined hosts that are infested by arthropods. akila 2010-03-11T12:40:08Z VSMO:0000080 prevalence of host infestation by arthropods Estimate relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the percentage of all examined hosts that are infested by arthropods. ISBN:0195073134 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of cuspidata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-05-08T01:00:10Z VSMO:0000082 Haemaphysalis cuspidata A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of cuspidata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A group of spatially clustered individuals of a given arthropod species. akila 2010-03-11T12:44:42Z biotop:ArthropodPopulation VSMO:0000084 arthropod population true A group of spatially clustered individuals of a given arthropod species. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors A group of individuals of a given arthropod species among which there are no barriers to mating or to gene flow. akila 2010-03-11T12:49:50Z VSMO:0000085 genetic arthropod population A group of individuals of a given arthropod species among which there are no barriers to mating or to gene flow. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the approximate number of arthropods that are infected with a particular pathogen. COMMENT: Prevalence, rate or quantity of arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon, and the efficiency with which the arthropods transmit the pathogen to susceptible vertebrate hosts. akila 2010-03-11T12:53:33Z VSMO:0000086 estimation of pathogen infection in arthropods Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the approximate number of arthropods that are infected with a particular pathogen. COMMENT: Prevalence, rate or quantity of arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon, and the efficiency with which the arthropods transmit the pathogen to susceptible vertebrate hosts. VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the prevalence or rate of examined arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. akila 2010-03-11T12:54:11Z VSMO:0000087 estimation of pathogen infection prevalence or rate in arthropods Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the prevalence or rate of examined arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Infection rate based on testing for presence of a given pathogen in pooled samples of multiple individuals. COMMENT: When the infection rate can be assumed to be very low, testing for presence of the pathogen often is accomplished using samples containing multiple pooled individuals. This is common practice for surveillance of arboviruses in mosquitoes. For example, testing for West Nile virus commonly is done with pools containing up to 50 female mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-11T01:00:15Z VSMO:0000089 infection rate for pooled samples Infection rate based on testing for presence of a given pathogen in pooled samples of multiple individuals. COMMENT: When the infection rate can be assumed to be very low, testing for presence of the pathogen often is accomplished using samples containing multiple pooled individuals. This is common practice for surveillance of arboviruses in mosquitoes. For example, testing for West Nile virus commonly is done with pools containing up to 50 female mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors Variation of infection rate for pooled samples, designated the minimum infection rate (MIR), which is based on the assumption that each pool testing positive for the pathogen contains only a single infected individual. COMMENT: Used commonly for insects and typically expressed as infection rate per 1,000 individuals. The minimum infection rate is problematic when pool size is large or infection rate is high. akila 2010-03-11T01:01:13Z VSMO:0000090 minimum infection rate Variation of infection rate for pooled samples, designated the minimum infection rate (MIR), which is based on the assumption that each pool testing positive for the pathogen contains only a single infected individual. COMMENT: Used commonly for insects and typically expressed as infection rate per 1,000 individuals. The minimum infection rate is problematic when pool size is large or infection rate is high. VSMO:Authors Variation of infection rate for pooled samples, designated the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), which accounts for variable pool sizes in the rate calculation. COMMENT: Used commonly for insects and typically expressed as infection rate per 1,000 individuals. Can be calculated using the Excel Add In PooledInfRate, version 3.0 which was developed by Brad Biggerstaf of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA). akila 2010-03-11T01:02:25Z VSMO:0000091 maximum likelihood estimate infection rate Variation of infection rate for pooled samples, designated the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), which accounts for variable pool sizes in the rate calculation. COMMENT: Used commonly for insects and typically expressed as infection rate per 1,000 individuals. Can be calculated using the Excel Add In PooledInfRate, version 3.0 which was developed by Brad Biggerstaf of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA). VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of innocens. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-05-08T01:56:25Z VSMO:0000092 Simulium innocens A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of innocens. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of fallisi. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-05-08T01:58:40Z VSMO:0000099 Simulium fallisi A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of fallisi. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the quantity of arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. akila 2010-03-12T09:57:30Z VSMO:0000101 estimation of the quantity of infected arthropods Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the quantity of arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which refers to the number of individuals in one population estimated to be infected with a given pathogen as compared to those in another population. COMMENT: Abundance of infected arthropods commonly is calculated as the abundance of the arthropod times the pathogen infection rate determined for a subset of the collected arthropods. Examples include abundance of infected mosquitoes per trap night and abundance of infected ticks per hour of drag sampling. akila 2010-03-12T09:58:40Z VSMO:0000102 abundance of infected arthropods Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which refers to the number of individuals in one population estimated to be infected with a given pathogen as compared to those in another population. COMMENT: Abundance of infected arthropods commonly is calculated as the abundance of the arthropod times the pathogen infection rate determined for a subset of the collected arthropods. Examples include abundance of infected mosquitoes per trap night and abundance of infected ticks per hour of drag sampling. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods of Order Acari (ticks or mites), which refers to the relative density of infected individuals, expressed as infected ticks per unit area or distance to encounter an infected tick. akila 2010-03-12T10:39:08Z VSMO:0000103 acarological risk index Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods of Order Acari (ticks or mites), which refers to the relative density of infected individuals, expressed as infected ticks per unit area or distance to encounter an infected tick. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which refers to the estimated number of individuals per unit area, unit length, or unit volume that are infected with a given pathogen. COMMENT: Density of infected arthropods commonly is calculated as the relative density of the arthropod times the pathogen infection rate determined for a subset of the collected arthropods. Examples include density of infected ticks per 100 square meters. akila 2010-03-12T10:39:49Z VSMO:0000104 density of infected arthropods Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which refers to the estimated number of individuals per unit area, unit length, or unit volume that are infected with a given pathogen. COMMENT: Density of infected arthropods commonly is calculated as the relative density of the arthropod times the pathogen infection rate determined for a subset of the collected arthropods. Examples include density of infected ticks per 100 square meters. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the entomological risk index, which refers to their abundance or relative density. COMMENT: The term entomological risk index (ERI) has been used for quantification of the abundance or relative density of infected ticks. The entomological risk index can be calculated as tick abundance (per unit time of sampling) or r tick relative density (per unit area) times the pathogen infection rate. It is expressed as infected ticks per minute of sampling (abundance) or infected ticks per 100 square meter sampled (relative density). akila 2010-03-12T10:40:15Z VSMO:0000105 entomological risk index Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the entomological risk index, which refers to their abundance or relative density. COMMENT: The term entomological risk index (ERI) has been used for quantification of the abundance or relative density of infected ticks. The entomological risk index can be calculated as tick abundance (per unit time of sampling) or r tick relative density (per unit area) times the pathogen infection rate. It is expressed as infected ticks per minute of sampling (abundance) or infected ticks per 100 square meter sampled (relative density). VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods, designated the vector index, which refers to the abundance of pathogen-infected individuals. COMMENT: The term Vector Index has come into use for surveillance of mosquitoes in the United States for viruses such as West Nile virus. The Vector Index is a variation on abundance of infected arthropods and aims to quantify the average number of infected mosquitoes collected per trap night. The Vector Index typically is calculated as the mean abundance of female mosquitoes of a given taxon collected per trap night times the estimated proportion of tested females that are infected with the pathogen of interest. akila 2010-03-12T10:40:39Z VSMO:0000106 vector index Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods, designated the vector index, which refers to the abundance of pathogen-infected individuals. COMMENT: The term Vector Index has come into use for surveillance of mosquitoes in the United States for viruses such as West Nile virus. The Vector Index is a variation on abundance of infected arthropods and aims to quantify the average number of infected mosquitoes collected per trap night. The Vector Index typically is calculated as the mean abundance of female mosquitoes of a given taxon collected per trap night times the estimated proportion of tested females that are infected with the pathogen of interest. VSMO:Authors Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites in the form of filarial worms. COMMENT: An infection with filarial worms may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. leisen 2010-05-21T01:58:36Z VSMO:0000107 determination of infection with filarial worm Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites in the form of filarial worms. COMMENT: An infection with filarial worms may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. ISBN:9781402066658 Quality of arthropod species, which refers to the intrinsic ability of the species to biologically transmit a pathogen. akila 2010-03-12T10:43:27Z IDOMAL:0001295 VSMO:0000108 vector competence Quality of arthropod species, which refers to the intrinsic ability of the species to biologically transmit a pathogen. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods, which refers to how efficiently a pathogen is transmitted by infected vectors of a given arthropod species. COMMENT: Needs to account for the extrinsic incubation period in vectors that take multiple blood meals in a single life stage (such as female fleas, reduviid bugs, mosquitoes or sand flies) or for transstadial passage of the pathogen from one life stage to the next for hard ticks (ixodid ticks) which take only a single blood meal per life stage. Because the terminology is poorly harmonized between different vectors, a breakdown by vector group is presented. akila 2010-03-12T10:43:50Z VSMO:0000109 vector efficiency Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods, which refers to how efficiently a pathogen is transmitted by infected vectors of a given arthropod species. COMMENT: Needs to account for the extrinsic incubation period in vectors that take multiple blood meals in a single life stage (such as female fleas, reduviid bugs, mosquitoes or sand flies) or for transstadial passage of the pathogen from one life stage to the next for hard ticks (ixodid ticks) which take only a single blood meal per life stage. Because the terminology is poorly harmonized between different vectors, a breakdown by vector group is presented. VSMO:Authors Measure of vector efficiency developed for mosquito vectors and applicable also to other insect vectors. akila 2010-03-12T10:44:33Z VSMO:0000110 vector efficiency of insect Measure of vector efficiency developed for mosquito vectors and applicable also to other insect vectors. VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of insects, designated the basic reproductive rate (R0), which refers to the transmissibility or spreading potential of an infectious agent in a population of insect vectors or vertebrates. COMMENT: In the case of insect vectors, it is defined as the average number of infected vectors in a totally susceptible population during a defined time period. Conceptually, R0 = b x k x D, where b is the infectivity rate of the vector, k is the number of potentially infectious contacts the average infected vector has per unit time and D is the duration of infectivity (infectious period) of the vector. If R0 < 1, then every new generation of infection will affect fewer individuals, and eventually the disease agent will disappear from the vector population. akila 2010-03-12T10:45:18Z VSMO:0000111 basic reproductive rate for infected insect vector Measure for vector efficiency of insects, designated the basic reproductive rate (R0), which refers to the transmissibility or spreading potential of an infectious agent in a population of insect vectors or vertebrates. COMMENT: In the case of insect vectors, it is defined as the average number of infected vectors in a totally susceptible population during a defined time period. Conceptually, R0 = b x k x D, where b is the infectivity rate of the vector, k is the number of potentially infectious contacts the average infected vector has per unit time and D is the duration of infectivity (infectious period) of the vector. If R0 < 1, then every new generation of infection will affect fewer individuals, and eventually the disease agent will disappear from the vector population. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of insects, designated the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), which estimates the number of infectious bites received per day by a human or, equivalently, the human biting rate (the number of bites per person per day by vectors) multiplied by the fraction of vectors that are infectious (infectivity rate). akila 2010-03-12T10:46:49Z IDOMAL:0000411 VSMO:0000112 entomological inoculation rate Measure for vector efficiency of insects, designated the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), which estimates the number of infectious bites received per day by a human or, equivalently, the human biting rate (the number of bites per person per day by vectors) multiplied by the fraction of vectors that are infectious (infectivity rate). VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of insects which refers to the proportion of insect vectors that are infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting a given pathogen while feeding. COMMENT: In mosquitoes, this rate often is approximated by examination of salivary glands or heads rather than by the more accurate but far more work intensive methods of feeding mosquitoes on susceptible hosts or examining expelled saliva. akila 2010-03-12T10:47:01Z VSMO:0000113 insect vector infectivity rate Measure for vector efficiency of insects which refers to the proportion of insect vectors that are infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting a given pathogen while feeding. COMMENT: In mosquitoes, this rate often is approximated by examination of salivary glands or heads rather than by the more accurate but far more work intensive methods of feeding mosquitoes on susceptible hosts or examining expelled saliva. VSMO:Authors Insect vector infectivity rate which refers specifically to sporozoites of protozoan parasites. akila 2010-03-12T10:47:52Z IDOMAL:0000407 VSMO:0000114 insect vector sporozoite rate Insect vector infectivity rate which refers specifically to sporozoites of protozoan parasites. VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of insects which refers to the average number of potentially infective bites that will ultimately be delivered by all the vectors feeding on a single infectious host in 1 day. COMMENT: Basically, vectorial capacity is the product of three components: feeding, survival rate and the length of the extrinsic incubation period. Vectorial capacity commonly is expressed by Macdonalds equation. akila 2010-03-12T10:48:31Z IDOMAL:0000412 IDOMAL:0001294 VSMO:0000115 insect vectorial capacity Measure for vector efficiency of insects which refers to the average number of potentially infective bites that will ultimately be delivered by all the vectors feeding on a single infectious host in 1 day. COMMENT: Basically, vectorial capacity is the product of three components: feeding, survival rate and the length of the extrinsic incubation period. Vectorial capacity commonly is expressed by Macdonalds equation. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of croxtoni. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi leisen 2012-05-08T02:05:09Z NCBITaxon:626797 VSMO:0000118 Simulium croxtoni A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of croxtoni. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf Measure of vector efficiency developed for hard tick vectors. akila 2010-03-12T12:40:44Z VSMO:0000126 vector efficiency of hard tick Measure of vector efficiency developed for hard tick vectors. VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of hard ticks which refers to the proportion of ticks of a given species that are infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting a given pathogen while feeding on a susceptible host. akila 2010-03-12T12:41:36Z VSMO:0000127 tick vector infectivity rate Measure for vector efficiency of hard ticks which refers to the proportion of ticks of a given species that are infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting a given pathogen while feeding on a susceptible host. VSMO:Authors The efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from a tick of a given species and life stage to a particular vertebrate species. akila 2010-03-12T12:42:27Z VSMO:0000128 specific tick vector infectivity rate The efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from a tick of a given species and life stage to a particular vertebrate species. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of hard ticks which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular tick species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among susceptible vertebrates in a certain area. COMMENT: Determination of the vector capacity of a given tick species should include quantitative data on its abundance or density, the percentage of infected ticks, the likelihood that an infected tick transmits the pathogen, and tick infestation rates of susceptible hosts. akila 2010-03-12T12:42:55Z VSMO:0000129 tick vector capacity Measure for vector efficiency of hard ticks which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular tick species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among susceptible vertebrates in a certain area. COMMENT: Determination of the vector capacity of a given tick species should include quantitative data on its abundance or density, the percentage of infected ticks, the likelihood that an infected tick transmits the pathogen, and tick infestation rates of susceptible hosts. VSMO:Authors The proportional contribution made by a particular tick species to the natural prevalence among susceptible vertebrates in a certain area in relation to that of other examined tick species. akila 2010-03-12T12:43:52Z VSMO:0000130 relative tick vector capacity The proportional contribution made by a particular tick species to the natural prevalence among susceptible vertebrates in a certain area in relation to that of other examined tick species. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the host blood index, which is defined as the proportion of examined arthropods containing blood from a given vertebrate host species. akila 2010-03-12T12:46:30Z VSMO:0000132 arthropod host blood index Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the host blood index, which is defined as the proportion of examined arthropods containing blood from a given vertebrate host species. VSMO:Authors Host blood index relating specifically to human blood. akila 2010-03-12T12:46:53Z VSMO:0000133 arthropod human blood index Host blood index relating specifically to human blood. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Tensaw virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-05-08T03:14:04Z NCBITaxon:273347 VSMO:0000135 Tensaw virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Tensaw virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the feeding index (FI), which adjusts the host blood index or human blood index by accounting for the density of available vertebrate hosts of different taxa, host size, and temporal and spatial concurrence between the host and the vector. akila 2010-03-12T12:48:56Z VSMO:0000136 arthropod feeding index Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the feeding index (FI), which adjusts the host blood index or human blood index by accounting for the density of available vertebrate hosts of different taxa, host size, and temporal and spatial concurrence between the host and the vector. ISBN:9781402066658 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the forage ratio (FR), which adjusts the host blood index or human blood index by accounting for the number of available vertebrate hosts of different taxa. akila 2010-03-12T12:49:26Z VSMO:0000137 arthropod forage ratio Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the forage ratio (FR), which adjusts the host blood index or human blood index by accounting for the number of available vertebrate hosts of different taxa. ISBN:9781402066658 VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the approximate number of vertebrates that are infected with a particular pathogen. akila 2010-03-12T12:50:49Z VSMO:0000139 estimation of pathogen infection in vertebrates Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the approximate number of vertebrates that are infected with a particular pathogen. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to host blood within an aggregate of arthropods. leisen 2012-08-15T10:19:57Z VSMO:0000140 measure relating to host blood in aggregate of arthropods Measure relating to host blood within an aggregate of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Estimate which refers to the average number of pathogens per infected individual. akila 2010-03-12T12:51:26Z VSMO:0000141 intensity of infection Estimate which refers to the average number of pathogens per infected individual. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to infection within an aggregate of arthropods. leisen 2012-08-15T10:20:54Z VSMO:0000142 measure relating to infection in aggregate of arthropods Measure relating to infection within an aggregate of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from infected vertebrates to feeding arthropods of a given taxon. COMMENT: Typically determined by xenodiagnosis where previously uninfected arthropods are fed upon infected vertebrates. akila 2010-03-12T12:58:39Z VSMO:0000143 measure of host infectivity Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from infected vertebrates to feeding arthropods of a given taxon. COMMENT: Typically determined by xenodiagnosis where previously uninfected arthropods are fed upon infected vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Host infectivity measure which refers to the proportion of arthropods of a given species and life stage that become infected while feeding on infected hosts. COMMENT: Most commonly used in relation to hard ticks. akila 2010-03-12T12:58:59Z VSMO:0000144 specific host infectivity Host infectivity measure which refers to the proportion of arthropods of a given species and life stage that become infected while feeding on infected hosts. COMMENT: Most commonly used in relation to hard ticks. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area. COMMENT: Determination of the amplification/reservoir host capacity of a given vertebrate species should include quantitative data on its density, its infectivity to feeding vectors, the duration of the infective period, how frequently it is fed upon by vectors and, in the case of ticks, feeding success and molting success. akila 2010-03-12T12:59:22Z VSMO:0000145 amplification/reservoir host capacity Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area. COMMENT: Determination of the amplification/reservoir host capacity of a given vertebrate species should include quantitative data on its density, its infectivity to feeding vectors, the duration of the infective period, how frequently it is fed upon by vectors and, in the case of ticks, feeding success and molting success. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors Amplification/reservoir host capacity measure which refers to the proportional contribution of a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area in relation to other examined amplification/reservoir host species. COMMENT: Also referred to as reservoir potential, For tick-borne pathogens, relative amplification/reservoir host capacity has minimally been based on data for host density, host infectivity, and mean abundance of ticks per host. akila 2010-03-12T01:00:30Z VSMO:0000146 relative amplification/reservoir host capacity Amplification/reservoir host capacity measure which refers to the proportional contribution of a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area in relation to other examined amplification/reservoir host species. COMMENT: Also referred to as reservoir potential, For tick-borne pathogens, relative amplification/reservoir host capacity has minimally been based on data for host density, host infectivity, and mean abundance of ticks per host. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors The process of taxonomically identifying a pathogenic organism. Owner 2010-03-15T11:16:25Z VSMO:0000148 pathogen identification The process of taxonomically identifying a pathogenic organism. VSMO:Authors An assay to detect or taxonomically identify target antigens. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in either vertebrates or arthropods. One weakness of this method is that it does not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material. Owner 2010-03-15T11:20:32Z SNOMEDCT:121276004 VSMO:0000151 antigen detection assay An assay to detect or taxonomically identify target antigens. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in either vertebrates or arthropods. One weakness of this method is that it does not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material. VSMO:Authors Taxonomic identification based on morphological features. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in either vertebrates or arthropods. This method may or may not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material depending on the pathogen examined, eg, with respect to motile versus non-motile pathogens. The method also can be used to taxonomically identify arthropods. Owner 2010-03-15T11:25:19Z VSMO:0000155 morphological taxonomic identification Taxonomic identification based on morphological features. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in either vertebrates or arthropods. This method may or may not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material depending on the pathogen examined, eg, with respect to motile versus non-motile pathogens. The method also can be used to taxonomically identify arthropods. VSMO:Authors Management with the goal of preventing bites by arthropods of species that may serve as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Vector management can be achieved by: (i) reducing abundance of arthropods which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reducing abundance of infected or infectious arthropods, (iii) preventing contact between infected/infectious arthropods and humans or other vertebrates, or (iv) preventing contact between arthropods which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors and infectious humans or other vertebrates. Owner 2010-03-15T11:43:29Z vector control VSMO:0000164 vector management Management with the goal of preventing bites by arthropods of species that may serve as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Vector management can be achieved by: (i) reducing abundance of arthropods which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reducing abundance of infected or infectious arthropods, (iii) preventing contact between infected/infectious arthropods and humans or other vertebrates, or (iv) preventing contact between arthropods which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors and infectious humans or other vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Use of a biological organism or a byproduct of a biological organism (biological pesticide) to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Numerous different biological control agents can be used to reduce populations of arthropod vectors. These include bacteria (for example Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis to control mosquito immatures), viruses (for example densoviruses to control mosquitoes), fungi (for example Metahizum anisopliae to control ixodid ticks), nematodes (for example Steinernema carpocapsae to control ixodid ticks), insect parasitoids (for example the parasitoid wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri which lays its eggs in ixodid ticks), invertebrate predators (for example Mesocyclops spp. crustaceans used to control mosquito immatures), and vertebrate predators (for example different species of fish used to control mosquito immatures). Other examples are the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce the life span of mosquito vectors and reduce the abundance of infectious females. Owner 2010-03-15T11:43:43Z VSMO:0000165 biological vector control Use of a biological organism or a byproduct of a biological organism (biological pesticide) to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Numerous different biological control agents can be used to reduce populations of arthropod vectors. These include bacteria (for example Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis to control mosquito immatures), viruses (for example densoviruses to control mosquitoes), fungi (for example Metahizum anisopliae to control ixodid ticks), nematodes (for example Steinernema carpocapsae to control ixodid ticks), insect parasitoids (for example the parasitoid wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri which lays its eggs in ixodid ticks), invertebrate predators (for example Mesocyclops spp. crustaceans used to control mosquito immatures), and vertebrate predators (for example different species of fish used to control mosquito immatures). Other examples are the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce the life span of mosquito vectors and reduce the abundance of infectious females. VSMO:Authors Use of a chemical pesticide to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Use of a chemical agent to (i) reduce abundance of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) prevent contact between infected/infectious arthropods and humans or other vertebrates, or (iii) prevent contact between arthropods and infectious humans or other vertebrates. Owner 2010-03-15T11:44:19Z VSMO:0000166 chemical vector control Use of a chemical pesticide to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Use of a chemical agent to (i) reduce abundance of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) prevent contact between infected/infectious arthropods and humans or other vertebrates, or (iii) prevent contact between arthropods and infectious humans or other vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Change of the outdoor physical environment with the goal to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors COMMENT: Examples include draining of mosquito larval habitat for anophelines, removal of artificial containers serving as larval development sites for Aedes aegypti, or brush removal to remove habitat for hard ticks. Owner 2010-03-15T11:49:37Z Habitat Control VSMO:0000167 outdoor environmental vector control Change of the outdoor physical environment with the goal to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors COMMENT: Examples include draining of mosquito larval habitat for anophelines, removal of artificial containers serving as larval development sites for Aedes aegypti, or brush removal to remove habitat for hard ticks. VSMO:Authors A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of arthropods, which have the role of serving as biological pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Process to determine: (i) if a given arthropod species, the individuals of which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors, is present and how commonly it occurs; or (ii) specific characteristics of the arthropod. Such a process can provide information on risk for exposure to vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Owner 2010-03-15T11:51:11Z VSMO:0000169 vector surveillance A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of arthropods, which have the role of serving as biological pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Process to determine: (i) if a given arthropod species, the individuals of which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors, is present and how commonly it occurs; or (ii) specific characteristics of the arthropod. Such a process can provide information on risk for exposure to vectors and vector-borne pathogens. VSMO:Authors Process to quantify the number of individuals of an arthropod species. Owner 2010-03-15T11:55:45Z VSMO:0000170 determination of arthropod abundance Process to quantify the number of individuals of an arthropod species. VSMO:Authors Process to quantify the numbers of individuals of an arthropod species while they are off-host (not in contact with a host). Owner 2010-03-15T11:56:03Z VSMO:0000171 determination of off-host arthropod abundance Process to quantify the numbers of individuals of an arthropod species while they are off-host (not in contact with a host). VSMO:Authors Process to quantify the numbers of individuals of an arthropod species while they are on-host (in direct contact with a host). Owner 2010-03-15T11:56:38Z VSMO:0000172 determination of on-host arthropod abundance Process to quantify the numbers of individuals of an arthropod species while they are on-host (in direct contact with a host). VSMO:Authors The process of estimating the age of a mosquito. Owner 2010-03-15T11:58:12Z VSMO:0000173 mosquito age-grading The process of estimating the age of a mosquito. VSMO:Authors Process of determining the vertebrate taxon which was the source of the blood meal contained in an arthropod. COMMENT: Used, for example, to assess the proportion of arthropods of a given species that feed on humans or on vertebrates serving as important pathogen amplification/reservoir hosts. Owner 2010-03-15T11:58:41Z VSMO:0000174 identification of source of blood meal in arthropod Process of determining the vertebrate taxon which was the source of the blood meal contained in an arthropod. COMMENT: Used, for example, to assess the proportion of arthropods of a given species that feed on humans or on vertebrates serving as important pathogen amplification/reservoir hosts. VSMO:Authors Process of estimating the distance an individual arthropod has moved during a given time period. Owner 2010-03-15T11:59:16Z VSMO:0000175 determination of arthropod movement Process of estimating the distance an individual arthropod has moved during a given time period. VSMO:Authors Process aiming to determine whether, and to what extent, a collection of individuals are resistant to a pesticide. COMMENT: Test methods used to assess pesticide resistance in arthropods include bioassays, biochemical assays and molecular assays. Owner 2010-03-15T12:00:23Z VSMO:0000178 assessment of pesticide resistance Process aiming to determine whether, and to what extent, a collection of individuals are resistant to a pesticide. COMMENT: Test methods used to assess pesticide resistance in arthropods include bioassays, biochemical assays and molecular assays. VSMO:Authors Equipment used to collect the eggs of an arthropod. leisen 2010-05-26T08:43:29Z VSMO:0000179 equipment for collection of arthropod eggs Equipment used to collect the eggs of an arthropod. VSMO:Authors The process of taxonomically identifying an organism. Owner 2010-03-15T12:02:53Z Biological classification VSMO:0000180 taxonomic identification The process of taxonomically identifying an organism. VSMO:Authors Biological classification URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification Management process with the purpose of reducing contact between arthropods and pathogen reservoirs. Comment: This can be achieved by reducing the abundance of vertebrates capable of serving as blood hosts for arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or directly as pathogen reservoirs or (ii) reducing the abundance of infected vertebrate reservoirs. Owner 2010-03-15T01:41:31Z VSMO:0000182 pathogen reservoir management Management process with the purpose of reducing contact between arthropods and pathogen reservoirs. Comment: This can be achieved by reducing the abundance of vertebrates capable of serving as blood hosts for arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or directly as pathogen reservoirs or (ii) reducing the abundance of infected vertebrate reservoirs. VSMO:Authors A process with the objective of eliminating pathogen infections by administering a antimicrobial substance in vivo. Owner 2010-03-15T01:42:15Z VSMO:0000184 antimicrobial prophylaxis A process with the objective of eliminating pathogen infections by administering a antimicrobial substance in vivo. VSMO:Authors Process where a vertebrate is treated with an antimicrobial substance to eliminate a pathogen infection. Owner 2010-03-15T01:42:37Z VSMO:0000185 antimicrobial treatment Process where a vertebrate is treated with an antimicrobial substance to eliminate a pathogen infection. VSMO:Authors Vaccination process in which a needle is used to deliver the vaccine. Owner 2010-03-15T01:43:32Z VSMO:0000187 needle vaccination Vaccination process in which a needle is used to deliver the vaccine. VSMO:Authors A planned process with the objective to reduce the abundance of vertebrates within a geographic area. Owner 2010-03-15T01:44:35Z VSMO:0000189 [VSMO:Authors] It can be user to reduce the number of blood hosts for arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or directly as pathogen reservoirs. vertebrate reduction A planned process with the objective to reduce the abundance of vertebrates within a geographic area. VSMO:Authors Reduction of vertebrate population within a given geographic area by killing of animals. Owner 2010-03-15T01:45:40Z VSMO:0000190 culling Reduction of vertebrate population within a given geographic area by killing of animals. VSMO:Authors Reduction of vertebrate population within a given geographic area by exclusion of animals through fencing. Owner 2010-03-15T01:46:17Z VSMO:0000191 fencing Reduction of vertebrate population within a given geographic area by exclusion of animals through fencing. VSMO:Authors A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of vertebrate animals, which have the role of serving as hosts for arthropod ectoparasites or for pathogens. Owner 2010-03-15T01:47:13Z VSMO:0000192 vertebrate host surveillance A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of vertebrate animals, which have the role of serving as hosts for arthropod ectoparasites or for pathogens. VSMO:Authors Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of parasites of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. leisen 2012-10-03T12:06:48Z VSMO:0000193 parasite aggregate Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of parasites of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. VSMO:Auhtors Life stage of Plasmodium that can be encountered in an arthropod. leisen 2010-05-21T09:32:51Z IDOMAL:0000301 VSMO:0000196 life stage of Plasmodium in vector Life stage of Plasmodium that can be encountered in an arthropod. VSMO:Authors The biological process of a parasite of the Genus Plasmodium completing its life cycle, including the different metamorphic stages (life stages). Owner 2010-03-15T02:21:21Z IDOMAL:0000109 VSMO:0000197 Plasmodium parasite life course The biological process of a parasite of the Genus Plasmodium completing its life cycle, including the different metamorphic stages (life stages). VSMO:Authors Deinocerites is a Genus in Family Culicidae. leisen 2012-06-05T08:58:43Z NCBITaxon:53524 VSMO:0000198 Deinocerites Deinocerites is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites in the form of Plasmodium. COMMENT: An infection with malaria parasites may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. leisen 2010-05-21T01:58:36Z VSMO:0000199 determination of infection with malarial parasite Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites in the form of Plasmodium. COMMENT: An infection with malaria parasites may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. VSMO:Authors Screening material treated with a pesticide substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals by erecting a physical barrier and by killing action. leisen 2010-05-21T10:23:06Z VSMO:0000200 pesticide-treated screening material Screening material treated with a pesticide substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals by erecting a physical barrier and by killing action. VSMO:Authors Life stage of Plasmodium that occurs in the blood of the vertebrate. Owner 2010-03-15T02:28:04Z IDOMAL:0000308 VSMO:0000201 erythrocytic life stage of Plasmodium in vertebrate Life stage of Plasmodium that occurs in the blood of the vertebrate. VSMO:Authors Life stage of Plasmodium that occurs outside of the blood of the vertebrate. Owner 2010-03-15T02:53:30Z IDOMAL:0000303 VSMO:0000202 exoerythrocytic life stage of Plasmodium in vertebrate Life stage of Plasmodium that occurs outside of the blood of the vertebrate. VSMO:Authors Quality that refers to a single arthropod individual. Owner 2010-03-15T02:54:31Z VSMO:0000203 quality of individual arthropod Quality that refers to a single arthropod individual. VSMO:Authors Female insect that contains a fresh blood meal or other meal but that has not yet reached the gonotrophic status of half gravid. Owner 2010-03-15T02:56:20Z VSMO:0000207 freshly fed female insect Female insect that contains a fresh blood meal or other meal but that has not yet reached the gonotrophic status of half gravid. VSMO:Authors Female insect that has reached the gonotrophic status of gravid. Owner 2010-03-15T02:56:42Z VSMO:0000208 fed and gravid female insect Female insect that has reached the gonotrophic status of gravid. VSMO:Authors Female insect that does not contain fresh blood or other food substance and is neither half gravid nor gravid. Owner 2010-03-15T02:57:25Z VSMO:0000210 unfed female insect Female insect that does not contain fresh blood or other food substance and is neither half gravid nor gravid. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines feeding and gonotrophic status of a female mosquito according to the classification by Sella's stage for blood and ovaries. Owner 2010-03-15T02:58:14Z VSMO:0000211 Sella's stage Quality of individual arthropod which defines feeding and gonotrophic status of a female mosquito according to the classification by Sella's stage for blood and ovaries. ISBN:9241700130 VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines the reproductive status of a female insect. Owner 2010-03-15T02:59:25Z VSMO:0000212 parity status of female insect Quality of individual arthropod which defines the reproductive status of a female insect. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Female that has never reproduced. Owner 2010-03-15T03:00:09Z PATO:0002368 VSMO:0000213 nulliparous Female that has never reproduced. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Female that has reproduced. Owner 2010-03-15T03:00:18Z EFO:0002947 VSMO:0000214 parous Female that has reproduced. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Female that has reproduced on a single occasion. Owner 2010-03-15T03:01:18Z VSMO:0000215 uniparous Female that has reproduced on a single occasion. VSMO:Authors Female that has reproduced on multiple occasions. Owner 2010-03-15T03:01:48Z PATO:0002369 VSMO:0000216 multiparous Female that has reproduced on multiple occasions. VSMO:Authors Female insect that contains a fresh blood meal or other meal or is half gravid or gravid. Owner 2010-03-15T06:25:34Z VSMO:0000218 fed female insect Female insect that contains a fresh blood meal or other meal or is half gravid or gravid. VSMO:Authors A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Usutu virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa and Europe. 2012-06-18T08:13:48Z NCBITaxon:64286 VSMO:0000220 Usutu virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Usutu virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa and Europe. ISBN:9780123737328 VSMO:Authors Any malaria parasite of the genus Plasmodium which infects humans and causes human malaria: COMMENT: Plasmodium of human includes Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax. Human malaria also can be caused on rare occasions by Plasmodium knowlesi, which occurs naturally in monkeys. 2012-04-18T08:22:45Z VSMO:0000221 Plasmodium of human Any malaria parasite of the genus Plasmodium which infects humans and causes human malaria: COMMENT: Plasmodium of human includes Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax. Human malaria also can be caused on rare occasions by Plasmodium knowlesi, which occurs naturally in monkeys. ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:9780123725004 The biological process of an arthropod completing its life cycle, including the different metamorphic stages (life stages). Owner 2010-03-15T06:30:04Z VSMO:0000222 arthropod life course The biological process of an arthropod completing its life cycle, including the different metamorphic stages (life stages). ISBN:0124732763 ISBN:0195059107 ISBN:0849302129 VSMO:Authors Life course of insect which has an ametabolous metamorphosis (lacks external metamorphosis). COMMENT: Ametabolous insects include lice. Life stages include egg, nymph (multiple instars), and adult. Owner 2010-03-15T06:30:52Z VSMO:0000223 life course of ametabolous insect Life course of insect which has an ametabolous metamorphosis (lacks external metamorphosis). COMMENT: Ametabolous insects include lice. Life stages include egg, nymph (multiple instars), and adult. ISBN:0849302129 VSMO:Authors The immature life stage (nymph) of arthropods that hatches from the egg or follows upon the larval stage and precedes the adult stage. COMMENT: Terrestrial stage for arthropods serving as pathogen vectors. The nymph may or may not be parasitic (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (ametabolous insects, paurometabolous insects, and soft ticks). Owner 2010-03-15T06:31:35Z VSMO:0000225 arthropod nymphal stage The immature life stage (nymph) of arthropods that hatches from the egg or follows upon the larval stage and precedes the adult stage. COMMENT: Terrestrial stage for arthropods serving as pathogen vectors. The nymph may or may not be parasitic (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (ametabolous insects, paurometabolous insects, and soft ticks). VSMO:Authors The process of collecting arthropods by means of spraying a pyrethrum-based product. COMMENT: Used extensively for indoor collection of anopheline mosquitoes. leisen 2012-08-14T12:26:21Z VSMO:0000226 pyrethrum space spray collection The process of collecting arthropods by means of spraying a pyrethrum-based product. COMMENT: Used extensively for indoor collection of anopheline mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors Life course of insect which has a holometabolous (complete) metamorphosis. COMMENT: Holometabolous insects include dipterans (biting midges, blackflies, mosquitoes, phlebotomine sandflies and tsetse flies) and fleas. Life stages include egg, larva (multiple instars), pupa, and adult. Owner 2010-03-15T06:34:10Z VSMO:0000229 life course of holometabolous insect Life course of insect which has a holometabolous (complete) metamorphosis. COMMENT: Holometabolous insects include dipterans (biting midges, blackflies, mosquitoes, phlebotomine sandflies and tsetse flies) and fleas. Life stages include egg, larva (multiple instars), pupa, and adult. ISBN:0849302129 VSMO:Authors The immature life stage (larva) of holometabolous insects that hatches from the egg and precedes the immature pupal stage. COMMENT: Larvae of holometabolous insect vectors may be aquatic to semiaquatic (biting midges, blackflies, mosquitoes) or terrestrial (fleas, phlebotomine sandflies and the third larval instar of tsetse flies for which first and second larval instars develop within the female). The larva does not engage in blood feeding. Owner 2010-03-15T06:34:49Z VSMO:0000231 insect larval stage The immature life stage (larva) of holometabolous insects that hatches from the egg and precedes the immature pupal stage. COMMENT: Larvae of holometabolous insect vectors may be aquatic to semiaquatic (biting midges, blackflies, mosquitoes) or terrestrial (fleas, phlebotomine sandflies and the third larval instar of tsetse flies for which first and second larval instars develop within the female). The larva does not engage in blood feeding. VSMO:Authors The first developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the hatch of the egg. Owner 2010-03-15T06:35:26Z VSMO:0000233 1st instar mosquito larval stage The first developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the hatch of the egg. VSMO:Authors The second developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the first instar larva. Owner 2010-03-15T06:35:47Z VSMO:0000234 2nd instar mosquito larval stage The second developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the first instar larva. VSMO:Authors The third developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the second instar larva. Owner 2010-03-15T06:36:09Z VSMO:0000235 3rd instar mosquito larval stage The third developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the second instar larva. VSMO:Authors The immature life stage (pupa) of holometabolous insects that follows upon the larval stage and precedes the adult stage. COMMENT: The pupa may be aquatic to semiaquatic (dipteran vectors) or terrestrial (fleas) and does not engage in blood feeding. Owner 2010-03-15T06:37:35Z VSMO:0000237 insect pupal stage The immature life stage (pupa) of holometabolous insects that follows upon the larval stage and precedes the adult stage. COMMENT: The pupa may be aquatic to semiaquatic (dipteran vectors) or terrestrial (fleas) and does not engage in blood feeding. VSMO:Authors Quality that refers to a species of arthropod. leisen 2012-08-15T09:07:28Z VSMO:0000238 quality of arthropod species true Quality that refers to a species of arthropod. VSMO:Authors Life course of insect which has a paurometabolous (gradual) metamorphosis. COMMENT: Paurometabolous insect vectors include true bugs. Life stages include egg, nymph (multiple instars), and adult. Owner 2010-03-15T06:44:40Z VSMO:0000241 life course of paurometabolous insect Life course of insect which has a paurometabolous (gradual) metamorphosis. COMMENT: Paurometabolous insect vectors include true bugs. Life stages include egg, nymph (multiple instars), and adult. ISBN:0849302129 VSMO:Authors Quality that refers to a single vertebrate individual. leisen 2012-08-14T04:18:38Z VSMO:0000244 quality of individual vertebrate Quality that refers to a single vertebrate individual. VSMO:Authors Life course of an arachnid with the taxonomic classification of tick. COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. Owner 2010-03-15T06:47:33Z VSMO:0000247 life course of tick Life course of an arachnid with the taxonomic classification of tick. COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. ISBN:0195059107 VSMO:Authors The fourth and final developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the third instar larva. akila 2010-03-16T10:01:13Z VSMO:0000251 4th instar mosquito larval stage The fourth and final developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the third instar larva. VSMO:Authors The process of applying a repellent substance to the skin. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally or synthetically derived chemical compounds can be used as repellents on skin to prevent arthropods from contacting humans. leisen 2012-08-14T11:32:52Z VSMO:0000252 use of topical repellent on skin The process of applying a repellent substance to the skin. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally or synthetically derived chemical compounds can be used as repellents on skin to prevent arthropods from contacting humans. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual vertebrate which defines its pathogen infection status. leisen 2012-08-14T04:20:11Z VSMO:0000253 vertebrate infection status Quality of individual vertebrate which defines its pathogen infection status. VSMO:Authors Life course of tick belonging to Family Ixodidae (hard ticks). COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. akila 2010-03-16T10:09:04Z VSMO:0000254 life course of hard tick Life course of tick belonging to Family Ixodidae (hard ticks). COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. ISBN:0195059107 VSMO:Authors Life course of tick belonging to Family Argasidae (soft ticks). COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph (multiple sub-stages), and adult. akila 2010-03-16T10:16:06Z VSMO:0000255 life course of soft tick Life course of tick belonging to Family Argasidae (soft ticks). COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph (multiple sub-stages), and adult. ISBN:0195059107 VSMO:Authors Life course of an arachnid with the taxonomic classification of mite. COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The larval stage is the primary vector of pathogens. akila 2010-03-16T10:27:41Z VSMO:0000256 life course of mite Life course of an arachnid with the taxonomic classification of mite. COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The larval stage is the primary vector of pathogens. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines the sequential number of generations since an original field collection. akila 2010-03-16T10:32:01Z VSMO:0000257 arthropod generation Quality of individual arthropod which defines the sequential number of generations since an original field collection. VSMO:Authors Aggregate of individuals in a parental generation. COMMENT: For arthropods, in the form of (1) field-collected adults or (2) adults raised from field-collected eggs or immatures. akila 2010-03-16T10:32:57Z VSMO:0000258 F0 Aggregate of individuals in a parental generation. COMMENT: For arthropods, in the form of (1) field-collected adults or (2) adults raised from field-collected eggs or immatures. VSMO:Authors First filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F0 parental generation. akila 2010-03-16T10:33:08Z VSMO:0000259 F1 First filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F0 parental generation. VSMO:Authors Second filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F1 generation. akila 2010-03-16T10:33:20Z VSMO:0000260 F2 Second filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F1 generation. VSMO:Authors Third filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F2 generation. akila 2010-03-16T10:33:32Z VSMO:0000261 F3 Third filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F2 generation. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual adult arthropod which distinguishes between female and male. akila 2010-03-16T10:34:05Z VSMO:0000262 arthropod sex Quality of individual adult arthropod which distinguishes between female and male. VSMO:Authors Quality, in the form of a measure, which refers to a group of arthropods. akila 2010-03-16T10:38:32Z VSMO:0000264 measure relating to aggregate of arthropods Quality, in the form of a measure, which refers to a group of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Individual which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in some part(s) of its body. COMMENT: An infected arthropod may or may not be able to transmit pathogens while feeding depending on where in its body pathogens are present; and an infected vertebrate may or may not be able to transmit pathogens to feeding arthropods. akila 2010-03-16T10:42:15Z IDO:0000460 VSMO:0000268 infected Individual which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in some part(s) of its body. COMMENT: An infected arthropod may or may not be able to transmit pathogens while feeding depending on where in its body pathogens are present; and an infected vertebrate may or may not be able to transmit pathogens to feeding arthropods. VSMO:Authors Individual which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in numbers that allows for transmission. COMMENT: Including an arthropod which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in a part of its body that allows for transmission to a vertebrate host while the arthropod is feeding; and a vertebrate which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in numbers that allows for transmission to feeding arthropods. akila 2010-03-16T10:42:36Z VSMO:0000269 infectious Individual which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in numbers that allows for transmission. COMMENT: Including an arthropod which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in a part of its body that allows for transmission to a vertebrate host while the arthropod is feeding; and a vertebrate which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in numbers that allows for transmission to feeding arthropods. VSMO:Authors Quality relating to how a pesticide is formulated for distribution. akila 2010-03-16T10:43:12Z VSMO:0000270 quality of pesticide formulation Quality relating to how a pesticide is formulated for distribution. VSMO:Authors Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to the physical characteristic of how the pesticide is formulated for distribution. COMMENT: The active ingredient (AI) of a pesticide is very rarely used in pure form; it is rather broadcast in a low concentration formulation that combines the AI with other substances (adjuvants, wetting agents, adhesives, spreaders, synergists, etc) that improves the performance of the formulation. akila 2010-03-16T10:43:28Z VSMO:0000271 physical characteristic of pesticide formulation Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to the physical characteristic of how the pesticide is formulated for distribution. COMMENT: The active ingredient (AI) of a pesticide is very rarely used in pure form; it is rather broadcast in a low concentration formulation that combines the AI with other substances (adjuvants, wetting agents, adhesives, spreaders, synergists, etc) that improves the performance of the formulation. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in an encapsulated form to produce a slow release of the active ingredient. COMMENT: The active ingredient is enclosed in a capsule or microcapsule of a material such as polyamide, neoprene, polyvinal dichloride or polyester. Once applied, the active ingredient can diffuse from the matrix. akila 2010-03-16T10:44:25Z VSMO:0000273 pesticide capsule Pesticide formulation which is distributed in an encapsulated form to produce a slow release of the active ingredient. COMMENT: The active ingredient is enclosed in a capsule or microcapsule of a material such as polyamide, neoprene, polyvinal dichloride or polyester. Once applied, the active ingredient can diffuse from the matrix. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a dust and where an inert carrier is used to disperse the active ingredient. COMMENT: Examples of inert carriers include talc, fine clay, or diatomaceous earth. Dusts penetrate dense foliage better than sprays, and also are less likely to damage plants. Dusts usually have a shorter residual effect than other formulations. akila 2010-03-16T10:44:54Z VSMO:0000274 pesticide dust Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a dust and where an inert carrier is used to disperse the active ingredient. COMMENT: Examples of inert carriers include talc, fine clay, or diatomaceous earth. Dusts penetrate dense foliage better than sprays, and also are less likely to damage plants. Dusts usually have a shorter residual effect than other formulations. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of granules and where an inert carrier is used to disperse the active ingredient. COMMENT: Examples of inert carriers include porous materials such as clay, corn cobs, and walnut shells. Granules are much larger than dust particles and therefore are less prone to drift. akila 2010-03-16T10:45:09Z VSMO:0000275 pesticide granule Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of granules and where an inert carrier is used to disperse the active ingredient. COMMENT: Examples of inert carriers include porous materials such as clay, corn cobs, and walnut shells. Granules are much larger than dust particles and therefore are less prone to drift. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a solid material containing the active ingredient. akila 2010-03-16T10:45:20Z VSMO:0000276 pesticide solid Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a solid material containing the active ingredient. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a bait cube containing the active ingredient. COMMENT: Bait cubes are edible or attractive substances containing a pesticide active ingredient. Examples include oral baits offered to rodents in order to control infestations of ectoparasites such as fleas and ticks. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000277 pesticide bait cube Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a bait cube containing the active ingredient. COMMENT: Bait cubes are edible or attractive substances containing a pesticide active ingredient. Examples include oral baits offered to rodents in order to control infestations of ectoparasites such as fleas and ticks. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a briquette containing the active ingredient. COMMENT: Briquettes may, for example, be designed for floating on water surfaces for slow-release of the active ingredient contained within the briquette. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000278 pesticide briquette Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a briquette containing the active ingredient. COMMENT: Briquettes may, for example, be designed for floating on water surfaces for slow-release of the active ingredient contained within the briquette. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a coil which releases the active ingredient when it is burned. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000279 pesticide coil Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a coil which releases the active ingredient when it is burned. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a mat which releases the active ingredient when it is heated. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000280 pesticide mat Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a mat which releases the active ingredient when it is heated. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a paper which releases the active ingredient at room temperature or when it is burned. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000281 pesticide paper Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a paper which releases the active ingredient at room temperature or when it is burned. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a plastic which releases the active ingredient at room temperature or when it is heated. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000282 pesticide plastic Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a plastic which releases the active ingredient at room temperature or when it is heated. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a tablet which releases the active ingredient when it is placed in water. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000283 pesticide tablet Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a tablet which releases the active ingredient when it is placed in water. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a soluble powder mixed with water. COMMENT: Pesticide soluble powders form a true solution when mixed with water. Although soluble powders contain wetting agents, they contain no solvents and therefore are less likely to cause plant injury than are emulsifiable sprays containing solvents. Constant agitation is necessary when using this formulation; otherwise, particles settle on the bottom of the spray tank. akila 2010-03-16T11:49:03Z VSMO:0000284 pesticide soluble powder formulation Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a soluble powder mixed with water. COMMENT: Pesticide soluble powders form a true solution when mixed with water. Although soluble powders contain wetting agents, they contain no solvents and therefore are less likely to cause plant injury than are emulsifiable sprays containing solvents. Constant agitation is necessary when using this formulation; otherwise, particles settle on the bottom of the spray tank. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a wettable powder mixed with water. COMMENT: Pesticide wettable powders form a suspension rather than a true solution when mixed with water. Although wettable powders contain wetting agents, they contain no solvents and therefore are less likely to cause plant injury than are emulsifiable sprays containing solvents. Constant agitation is necessary when using this formulation; otherwise, particles settle on the bottom of the spray tank. akila 2010-03-16T11:49:20Z VSMO:0000285 pesticide wettable powder formulation Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a wettable powder mixed with water. COMMENT: Pesticide wettable powders form a suspension rather than a true solution when mixed with water. Although wettable powders contain wetting agents, they contain no solvents and therefore are less likely to cause plant injury than are emulsifiable sprays containing solvents. Constant agitation is necessary when using this formulation; otherwise, particles settle on the bottom of the spray tank. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation in which the active ingredient is diluted with a solvent to form a solution, i.e., a mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never settles out. COMMENT: Solutions used for pesticide control can be water-based or oil-based and broadcast by different means including as ultra-low volume (ULV) sprays. akila 2010-03-16T11:51:41Z VSMO:0000287 pesticide solution Pesticide formulation in which the active ingredient is diluted with a solvent to form a solution, i.e., a mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never settles out. COMMENT: Solutions used for pesticide control can be water-based or oil-based and broadcast by different means including as ultra-low volume (ULV) sprays. VSMO:Authors Pesticide solution in which the active ingredient is dispersed in very small droplets (less than 50 micrometers in diameter) via a pressurized system as an aerosol spray. COMMENT: Also referred to as space spray, fog or mist. akila 2010-03-16T11:52:28Z fog mist space spray VSMO:0000288 pesticide aerosol spray Pesticide solution in which the active ingredient is dispersed in very small droplets (less than 50 micrometers in diameter) via a pressurized system as an aerosol spray. COMMENT: Also referred to as space spray, fog or mist. VSMO:Authors Pesticide aerosol spray for which oil or petroleum is used as the solvent. akila 2010-03-16T11:52:46Z VSMO:0000289 oil-based pesticide aerosol spray Pesticide aerosol spray for which oil or petroleum is used as the solvent. VSMO:Authors Pesticide aerosol spray for which water is used as the solvent. akila 2010-03-16T11:53:13Z VSMO:0000290 water-based pesticide aerosol spray Pesticide aerosol spray for which water is used as the solvent. VSMO:Authors Pesticide solution in which the active ingredient and an emulsifying agent are dissolved in an organic solvent that can then be mixed with water. COMMENT: After the water and solvent evaporate from a sprayed surface, the remaining insecticide adheres to the sprayed surface. akila 2010-03-16T11:54:15Z VSMO:0000291 pesticide emulsifiable concentrate Pesticide solution in which the active ingredient and an emulsifying agent are dissolved in an organic solvent that can then be mixed with water. COMMENT: After the water and solvent evaporate from a sprayed surface, the remaining insecticide adheres to the sprayed surface. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation in which the active ingredient is diluted with a solvent to form a suspension, i.e., a heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of the solvent-like phase at some point in time after their introduction. akila 2010-03-16T11:54:59Z VSMO:0000292 pesticide suspension Pesticide formulation in which the active ingredient is diluted with a solvent to form a suspension, i.e., a heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of the solvent-like phase at some point in time after their introduction. VSMO:Authors Pesticide suspension in which an active ingredient that can be formulated only as a solid or a semisolid is ground and mixed with a liquid to form a suspension referred to as flowable. COMMENT: Flowables can be added to water and need only moderate agitation to mix. akila 2010-03-16T11:55:49Z VSMO:0000293 pesticide flowable suspension Pesticide suspension in which an active ingredient that can be formulated only as a solid or a semisolid is ground and mixed with a liquid to form a suspension referred to as flowable. COMMENT: Flowables can be added to water and need only moderate agitation to mix. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to how rapidly the active ingredient is released from the distributed formulation. akila 2010-03-16T11:56:34Z VSMO:0000294 release rate of pesticide formulation Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to how rapidly the active ingredient is released from the distributed formulation. VSMO:Authors Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to a rapid release of the active ingredient after the pesticide formulation is distributed. COMMENT: Examples of rapid release pesticide formulations include dusts, granules, powders, and aerosol sprays. akila 2010-03-16T11:57:08Z VSMO:0000295 rapid release rate of pesticide formulation Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to a rapid release of the active ingredient after the pesticide formulation is distributed. COMMENT: Examples of rapid release pesticide formulations include dusts, granules, powders, and aerosol sprays. VSMO:Authors Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to a slow release of the active ingredient after the pesticide formulation is distributed. COMMENT: A slow release pesticide formulation blends an active ingredient with a material from which it will evaporate or be released at a controlled rate over time. Examples of slow release pesticide formulations include solid materials containing active ingredient (bait cube, briquette, coil, paper, plastic, etc) and microencapsulation of active ingredient in a material such as polyamide, neoprene, polyvinal dichloride or polyester. akila 2010-03-16T11:57:49Z VSMO:0000296 slow release rate of pesticide formulation Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to a slow release of the active ingredient after the pesticide formulation is distributed. COMMENT: A slow release pesticide formulation blends an active ingredient with a material from which it will evaporate or be released at a controlled rate over time. Examples of slow release pesticide formulations include solid materials containing active ingredient (bait cube, briquette, coil, paper, plastic, etc) and microencapsulation of active ingredient in a material such as polyamide, neoprene, polyvinal dichloride or polyester. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of virus particles of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. leisen 2012-10-03T12:07:41Z VSMO:0000297 virus aggregate Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of virus particles of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. akila 2010-03-16T12:16:48Z VSMO:0000299 bacterial pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a flea vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:20:38Z VSMO:0000303 bacterial flea borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a flea vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a louse vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:20:38Z VSMO:0000304 bacterial louse borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a louse vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:20:38Z VSMO:0000306 bacterial phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:22:15Z VSMO:0000310 bacterial hard tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:22:37Z VSMO:0000311 bacterial soft tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mite vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:23:34Z VSMO:0000312 bacterial mite borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mite vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. akila 2010-03-16T12:34:01Z VSMO:0000313 bacterial pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a flea vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:24:33Z VSMO:0000319 bacterial flea borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a flea vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:25:49Z VSMO:0000326 bacterial hard tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:26:02Z VSMO:0000327 bacterial soft tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. akila 2010-03-19T10:29:56Z VSMO:0000330 protozoan pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:32:53Z VSMO:0000336 protozoan mosquito borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:32:53Z VSMO:0000337 protozoan phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a true bug vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:32:53Z VSMO:0000338 protozoan true bug borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a true bug vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:32:53Z VSMO:0000339 protozoan tsetse fly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:34:47Z VSMO:0000341 protozoan hard tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. akila 2010-03-19T10:37:58Z VSMO:0000344 protozoan pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000346 protozoan biting midge borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000347 protozoan blackfly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000350 protozoan mosquito borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000351 protozoan phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a true bug vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000352 protozoan true bug borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a true bug vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000353 protozoan tsetse fly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:43:19Z VSMO:0000355 protozoan hard tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. akila 2010-03-19T10:47:22Z VSMO:0000359 viral pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:49:48Z VSMO:0000361 viral biting midge borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:49:48Z VSMO:0000365 viral mosquito borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:49:48Z VSMO:0000366 viral phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:50:44Z VSMO:0000370 viral hard tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. akila 2010-03-19T10:51:57Z VSMO:0000373 viral pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:54:09Z VSMO:0000375 viral biting midge borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:54:09Z VSMO:0000379 viral mosquito borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:54:09Z VSMO:0000380 viral phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:55:43Z VSMO:0000384 viral hard tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:56:01Z VSMO:0000385 viral soft tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. VSMO:Authors Function of conferring resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. akila 2010-03-19T10:58:46Z VSMO:0000387 pesticide resistance function true Function of conferring resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. VSMO:Authors An enzyme that confers resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. COMMENT: Examples of resistance conferring enzymes include acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-Transferase, alpha-esterase, beta-esterase, mixed function oxidases, and epsilon Glutathione-S-Transferase. akila 2010-03-19T11:03:15Z VSMO:0000388 resistance conferring enzyme function true An enzyme that confers resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. COMMENT: Examples of resistance conferring enzymes include acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-Transferase, alpha-esterase, beta-esterase, mixed function oxidases, and epsilon Glutathione-S-Transferase. VSMO:Authors A point mutation that confers resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. akila 2010-03-19T11:03:15Z VSMO:0000389 resistance conferring point mutation function true A point mutation that confers resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of mosquito immatures (larval and pupal stages). COMMENT: Mosquito larval habitats include natural water sources ranging in size from small puddles to shallow parts of large water bodies, water sources generated through agricultural irrigation (for example rice fields), and water-holding artificial containers ranging in size from small bottles and cans to large water storage tanks. akila 2010-03-19T11:05:11Z VSMO:0000391 mosquito larval habitat A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of mosquito immatures (larval and pupal stages). COMMENT: Mosquito larval habitats include natural water sources ranging in size from small puddles to shallow parts of large water bodies, water sources generated through agricultural irrigation (for example rice fields), and water-holding artificial containers ranging in size from small bottles and cans to large water storage tanks. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of Anopheles immatures (larval and pupal stages). akila 2010-03-19T11:05:28Z VSMO:0000392 Anopheles larval habitat A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of Anopheles immatures (larval and pupal stages). VSMO:Authors A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of Aedes immatures (larval and pupal stages). COMMENT: This can include bodies of shallow surface water or, for some container-inhabiting species such as Aedes aegypti, water in artificial or natural containers. akila 2010-03-19T11:05:51Z VSMO:0000393 Aedes larval habitat A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of Aedes immatures (larval and pupal stages). COMMENT: This can include bodies of shallow surface water or, for some container-inhabiting species such as Aedes aegypti, water in artificial or natural containers. VSMO:Authors Tool which has the role of being used to (i) reduce abundance of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reduce abundance of infected vectors, (iii) prevent contact between infected vectors and humans or other vertebrates, or (iv) prevent contact between individuals of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and infectious humans or other vertebrates. akila 2010-03-19T11:07:59Z VSMO:0000398 vector management tool true Tool which has the role of being used to (i) reduce abundance of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reduce abundance of infected vectors, (iii) prevent contact between infected vectors and humans or other vertebrates, or (iv) prevent contact between individuals of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and infectious humans or other vertebrates. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an alga in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of algal control agents for arthropods include Sargassum swartzii and Chondria dasyphylla which can be used to kill mosquito (Anopheles) immatures. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000400 algal control agent role A role borne by an alga in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of algal control agents for arthropods include Sargassum swartzii and Chondria dasyphylla which can be used to kill mosquito (Anopheles) immatures. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterium in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of a bacterial control agent for arthropods is Bacillus thuringiensis which is commonly used to kill mosquito immatures. Another example is the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce the life span of mosquito vectors and thus reduce the abundance of infectious females. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000401 bacterial control agent role A role borne by a bacterium in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of a bacterial control agent for arthropods is Bacillus thuringiensis which is commonly used to kill mosquito immatures. Another example is the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce the life span of mosquito vectors and thus reduce the abundance of infectious females. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a fungus in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of fungal control agents for arthropods include Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae which can be used to kill hard ticks and mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000402 fungal control agent role A role borne by a fungus in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of fungal control agents for arthropods include Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae which can be used to kill hard ticks and mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a nematode in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of nematode control agents for arthropods include species of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis which can be used to kill hard ticks. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000403 nematode control agent role A role borne by a nematode in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of nematode control agents for arthropods include species of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis which can be used to kill hard ticks. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an insect parasitoid in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of an insect parasitoid control agent for arthropods is the wasp Hunterellus hookeri which parasitizes hard ticks. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000404 insect parasitoid control agent role A role borne by an insect parasitoid in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of an insect parasitoid control agent for arthropods is the wasp Hunterellus hookeri which parasitizes hard ticks. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host adult arthropods, which quantifies their relative number. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000405 abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host Measure relating to aggregate of off-host adult arthropods, which quantifies their relative number. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a predator in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of predator control agents for arthropods include fish and Mesocyclops copepods which can be used to control mosquito immatures. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000406 predator control agent role A role borne by a predator in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of predator control agents for arthropods include fish and Mesocyclops copepods which can be used to control mosquito immatures. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a virus in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of a viral control agent for arthropods is densovirus which can be used to kill mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000407 viral control agent role A role borne by a virus in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of a viral control agent for arthropods is densovirus which can be used to kill mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors A chemical substance intended to kill pests derived from organisms. COMMENT: Examples include compounds extracted from plant material, such as seeds or leaves, or directly released when the plant material is crushed or burned. akila 2010-03-19T11:11:47Z VSMO:0000409 natural chemical pesticide true A chemical substance intended to kill pests derived from organisms. COMMENT: Examples include compounds extracted from plant material, such as seeds or leaves, or directly released when the plant material is crushed or burned. VSMO:Authors The function of a natural derived chemical compound realized when it repels pests. COMMENT: Examples include compounds extracted from plant material, such as seeds or leaves, or directly released when the plant material is crushed or burned. akila 2010-03-19T11:11:47Z VSMO:0000410 natural chemical repellent true The function of a natural derived chemical compound realized when it repels pests. COMMENT: Examples include compounds extracted from plant material, such as seeds or leaves, or directly released when the plant material is crushed or burned. VSMO:Authors Synthetic chemical compound used to control living organisms. akila 2010-03-19T11:11:47Z VSMO:0000411 synthetic chemical pesticide true Synthetic chemical compound used to control living organisms. VSMO:Authors Equipment in the form of a rapid test capable of detecting a given pathogen in samples containing one or several arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or material from vertebrate species capable of serving as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts. COMMENT: Examples include Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for malaria parasites and the VecTest for West Nile virus. akila 2010-03-19T11:12:06Z VSMO:0000412 rapid pathogen detection test Equipment in the form of a rapid test capable of detecting a given pathogen in samples containing one or several arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or material from vertebrate species capable of serving as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts. COMMENT: Examples include Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for malaria parasites and the VecTest for West Nile virus. VSMO:Authors The function of a synthetic chemical compound realized when it repels pests. akila 2010-03-19T11:13:05Z VSMO:0000414 synthetic chemical repellent true The function of a synthetic chemical compound realized when it repels pests. VSMO:Authors Vector management tool in the form of a measure that changes the physical environment with the goal to reduce the abundance of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or prevent contact between individuals of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and humans or other vertebrates. COMMENT: Examples include draining of water sources serving as mosquito larval habitat and brush removal to reduce suitable habitat for host-seeking ticks. akila 2010-03-19T11:13:56Z VSMO:0000415 environmental vector management measure true Vector management tool in the form of a measure that changes the physical environment with the goal to reduce the abundance of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or prevent contact between individuals of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and humans or other vertebrates. COMMENT: Examples include draining of water sources serving as mosquito larval habitat and brush removal to reduce suitable habitat for host-seeking ticks. VSMO:Authors The function of a tool realized when it prevents contact between individuals of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and humans. akila 2010-03-19T11:14:30Z VSMO:0000416 protection from vector function The function of a tool realized when it prevents contact between individuals of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and humans. VSMO:Authors Equipment in the form of a device to control indoor temperature. COMMENT: Can have the role of a personal protection measure against vectors in that it reduces the need for keeping windows and doors open and thus prevents entry by arthropods. akila 2010-03-19T11:14:51Z SNOMEDCT:15000008 VSMO:0000417 air conditioner Equipment in the form of a device to control indoor temperature. COMMENT: Can have the role of a personal protection measure against vectors in that it reduces the need for keeping windows and doors open and thus prevents entry by arthropods. VSMO:Authors Clothing treated with a repellent substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans by erecting a physical barrier and by repellent action. akila 2010-03-19T11:19:03Z VSMO:0000423 repellent-treated clothing Clothing treated with a repellent substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans by erecting a physical barrier and by repellent action. VSMO:Authors Screening material that prevents intrusion of vectors by erecting a physical barrier that the vector cannot penetrate and by repelling vectors with a repellent applied to the screening material. akila 2010-03-19T11:21:01Z VSMO:0000428 repellent-treated screening material Screening material that prevents intrusion of vectors by erecting a physical barrier that the vector cannot penetrate and by repelling vectors with a repellent applied to the screening material. VSMO:Authors Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a curtain to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. akila 2010-03-19T11:21:17Z VSMO:0000429 repellent-treated curtain Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a curtain to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a net to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. akila 2010-03-19T11:22:08Z VSMO:0000430 repellent-treated net Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a net to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a screen to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. akila 2010-03-19T11:22:08Z VSMO:0000431 repellent-treated screen Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a screen to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors The function of a device realized when it can detect the presence of arthropods. akila 2010-03-19T11:22:34Z VSMO:0000432 arthropod detection function The function of a device realized when it can detect the presence of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Arthropod surveillance tool that is used to determine the abundance of one or several species capable of serving as a pathogen vector while on (in direct contact with) a vertebrate host. COMMENTS: Examples of such tools include a flea comb or a drop-off cage to collect attached ectoparasites as they detach from the host. akila 2010-03-19T11:23:43Z VSMO:0000433 surveillance tool to determine on-host arthropod abundance true Arthropod surveillance tool that is used to determine the abundance of one or several species capable of serving as a pathogen vector while on (in direct contact with) a vertebrate host. COMMENTS: Examples of such tools include a flea comb or a drop-off cage to collect attached ectoparasites as they detach from the host. VSMO:Authors Arthropod surveillance tool that is used to determine the abundance of one or several species capable of serving as a pathogen vector while off (not in contact with) a vertebrate host. COMMENTS: Examples of such tools include a tick drag or a CDC light trap to capture host-seeking adult flying arthropods. akila 2010-03-19T11:23:43Z VSMO:0000434 surveillance tool to determine off-host arthropod abundance true Arthropod surveillance tool that is used to determine the abundance of one or several species capable of serving as a pathogen vector while off (not in contact with) a vertebrate host. COMMENTS: Examples of such tools include a tick drag or a CDC light trap to capture host-seeking adult flying arthropods. VSMO:Authors Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a screen to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. leisen 2010-05-21T10:27:31Z VSMO:0000435 pesticide-treated screen Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a screen to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors The function of a device realized when it determines the killing efectivenes of a pesticide on a target pest. COMMENT: The WHO plastic bioassay cone is an example of such a tool. akila 2010-03-19T11:23:43Z VSMO:0000436 This function is carry out by tools used to determine the efficacy of a pesticide to kill individuals of an arthropod species. pesticide efficacy determination function true The function of a device realized when it determines the killing efectivenes of a pesticide on a target pest. COMMENT: The WHO plastic bioassay cone is an example of such a tool. VSMO:Authors Tool that is used to determine pesticide resistance in an arthropod species. COMMENT: Pesticide-impregnated paper from WHO for use in a standard bioassay system to measure resistance is an example of such a tool. akila 2010-03-19T11:23:43Z VSMO:0000437 pesticide resistance determination function true Tool that is used to determine pesticide resistance in an arthropod species. COMMENT: Pesticide-impregnated paper from WHO for use in a standard bioassay system to measure resistance is an example of such a tool. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an arthropod species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. akila 2010-03-19T11:36:02Z VSMO:0000464 vector of paralytic toxin A role borne by an arthropod species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an insect species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. akila 2010-03-19T11:36:27Z VSMO:0000465 insect vector of paralytic toxin A role borne by an insect species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a tick species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. COMMENTS: Examples of tick vectors of paralytic toxins include Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes holocyclus. akila 2010-03-19T11:36:45Z VSMO:0000466 tick vector of paralytic toxin A role borne by a tick species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. COMMENTS: Examples of tick vectors of paralytic toxins include Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes holocyclus. VSMO:Authors The function of a device realized when it becomes part of a trap. akila 2010-03-19T11:37:07Z VSMO:0000467 trap component function The function of a device realized when it becomes part of a trap. VSMO:Authors Tool which has the function of being used to (i) reduce abundance of vertebrates of species capable of serving as blood meal hosts for species of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reduce abundance of vertebrates capable of serving as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts or (iii) reduce abundance of pathogen-infected vertebrates. akila 2010-03-19T11:38:45Z VSMO:0000472 vertebrate management tool true Vertebrate management tool that is broadly used to reduce the abundance of vertebrates of species that may serve as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts or blood meal hosts for species of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: A rodent trap with killing action is an example of such a tool. Another example is a deer fence, which results in local reduction of deer abundance. akila 2010-03-19T11:39:16Z VSMO:0000473 tool for reduction of vertebrates true Vertebrate management tool that is broadly used to reduce the abundance of vertebrates of species that may serve as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts or blood meal hosts for species of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: A rodent trap with killing action is an example of such a tool. Another example is a deer fence, which results in local reduction of deer abundance. VSMO:Authors Vertebrate management tool that is specifically used to reduce the abundance of pathogen-infected vertebrates. COMMENT: A bait-cube containing an oral vaccine against a given pathogen is an example of such a tool. akila 2010-03-19T11:39:34Z VSMO:0000474 tool for reduction of infected vertebrates true Vertebrate management tool that is specifically used to reduce the abundance of pathogen-infected vertebrates. COMMENT: A bait-cube containing an oral vaccine against a given pathogen is an example of such a tool. VSMO:Authors Tool which has the function of being used for surveillance of presence and abundance of one or several vertebrate species. COMMENT: Examples of such tools include various traps to capture vertebrates. akila 2010-03-19T11:40:40Z VSMO:0000475 vertebrate surveillance tool true Tool which has the function of being used for surveillance of presence and abundance of one or several vertebrate species. COMMENT: Examples of such tools include various traps to capture vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host, which quantifies their relative abundance based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Can include a single or multiple sampling occasions. Examples include the number of adult ticks collected per hour of drag sampling or the number of adult mosquitoes collected per trap night. akila 2010-03-19T11:41:13Z VSMO:0000476 abundance estimate for adult arthropods based on removal sampling Abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host, which quantifies their relative abundance based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Can include a single or multiple sampling occasions. Examples include the number of adult ticks collected per hour of drag sampling or the number of adult mosquitoes collected per trap night. VSMO:Authors Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a net to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. COMMENT: Includes insectide-treated nets (sometimes referred to as bednets) used to protect sleeping areas. leisen 2010-05-21T10:27:59Z VSMO:0000477 pesticide-treated net Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a net to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. COMMENT: Includes insectide-treated nets (sometimes referred to as bednets) used to protect sleeping areas. VSMO:Authors Temporal interval referring to the period of time required for a process of an arthropod. akila 2010-03-19T11:57:33Z VSMO:0000481 temporal interval of arthropod Temporal interval referring to the period of time required for a process of an arthropod. VSMO:Authors Process of quantifying the proportion of arthropods which survive over a 24-hour period. COMMENT: The daily vector survival rate, p in Macdonalds equation for vectorial capacity, is an important component to determine pathogen transmission intensity. A variety of techniques have been developed to determine daily survival rate of insect vectors, especially mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-19T12:00:56Z VSMO:0000484 Estimation of the daily survival rate of the adult stage (typically female) of a mosquito vector. Various methods have been developed to estimate daily survival rate based on changes over time in the proportion of marked vectors or vectors of a certain physiological state, for example newly emerged green colored females, parous females or females at a certain stage in their gonotrophic cycle. Numerous methods have been developed to estimate daily survival rates of immatures, especially for species that develop in aquatic habitats such as artificial containers that readily can be monitored and where all immatures can be counted. This has resulted in development of detailed life tables for some species such as Aedes aegypti. estimation of daily arthropod survival rate Process of quantifying the proportion of arthropods which survive over a 24-hour period. COMMENT: The daily vector survival rate, p in Macdonalds equation for vectorial capacity, is an important component to determine pathogen transmission intensity. A variety of techniques have been developed to determine daily survival rate of insect vectors, especially mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the generational period, which is the continuous temporal interval required for an arthropod to complete its life cycle. COMMENT: Typically used in the context of the average time required for a group (cohort) of arthropods of a given species to complete their life cycles. Insects commonly are multivoltine, with several generations in a single year. The generation time of insect vectors often is strongly influenced by ambient temperature, with generation times being shortened as the temperature increases. In contrast to insects, hard ticks typically require more than a single year to complete their life cycle, which includes taking blood meals in the larval, nymphal and adult (female) life stages. akila 2010-03-19T12:00:56Z VSMO:0000485 arthropod generational period Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the generational period, which is the continuous temporal interval required for an arthropod to complete its life cycle. COMMENT: Typically used in the context of the average time required for a group (cohort) of arthropods of a given species to complete their life cycles. Insects commonly are multivoltine, with several generations in a single year. The generation time of insect vectors often is strongly influenced by ambient temperature, with generation times being shortened as the temperature increases. In contrast to insects, hard ticks typically require more than a single year to complete their life cycle, which includes taking blood meals in the larval, nymphal and adult (female) life stages. VSMO:Authors Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the reproductive period, which is the continuous temporal interval that starts when an adult has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends when the adult no longer is capable of mating and, in the case of females, egg maturation and oviposition COMMENT: The arthropod reproductive period may include one or several reproductive cycles. For example, hard ticks lay eggs once in a single batch and then perish. For arthropods with multiple reproductive cycles, the length of the cycles can vary with temperature and time needed to locate blood meal hosts or find sites to deposit eggs. The length of the reproductive cycle is an important determinant for the growth rate of populations of insects with multiple generations within a single active season. akila 2010-03-19T12:00:56Z VSMO:0000486 arthropod reproductive period Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the reproductive period, which is the continuous temporal interval that starts when an adult has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends when the adult no longer is capable of mating and, in the case of females, egg maturation and oviposition COMMENT: The arthropod reproductive period may include one or several reproductive cycles. For example, hard ticks lay eggs once in a single batch and then perish. For arthropods with multiple reproductive cycles, the length of the cycles can vary with temperature and time needed to locate blood meal hosts or find sites to deposit eggs. The length of the reproductive cycle is an important determinant for the growth rate of populations of insects with multiple generations within a single active season. VSMO:Authors The reproductive period for arthropods classified as insects is the continuous temporal interval that starts when an adult insect has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends when the adult insect no longer is capable of mating and, in the case of females, egg maturation and oviposition COMMENT: The time between oviposition of separate egg batches within the insect reproductive period include not only the time needed for egg development but also the time needed to locate host(s) to take a complete blood meal and the time needed to locate site(s) for egg deposition and to lay the eggs. akila 2010-03-19T12:04:54Z VSMO:0000487 insect reproductive period The reproductive period for arthropods classified as insects is the continuous temporal interval that starts when an adult insect has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends when the adult insect no longer is capable of mating and, in the case of females, egg maturation and oviposition COMMENT: The time between oviposition of separate egg batches within the insect reproductive period include not only the time needed for egg development but also the time needed to locate host(s) to take a complete blood meal and the time needed to locate site(s) for egg deposition and to lay the eggs. ISBN:0124732763 The continuous temporal interval that starts when a female insect has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends with her first oviposition event. akila 2010-03-19T12:05:13Z VSMO:0000488 initial insect gonotrophic period The continuous temporal interval that starts when a female insect has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends with her first oviposition event. ISBN:0124732763 Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the activity period, which is the continuous temporal interval during which an arthropod is physically active. COMMENT: Includes diel and seasonal activity periods. akila 2010-03-19T12:05:45Z VSMO:0000489 arthropod activity period Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the activity period, which is the continuous temporal interval during which an arthropod is physically active. COMMENT: Includes diel and seasonal activity periods. VSMO:Authors Arthropod activity period in the form of a continuous temporal interval within the 24 hour diel cycle. akila 2010-03-19T12:06:10Z VSMO:0000490 diel activity period of arthropod Arthropod activity period in the form of a continuous temporal interval within the 24 hour diel cycle. VSMO:Authors A continuous temporal interval within the diel 24 hour period during which an arthropod species detaches from a vertebrate host in greatest numbers. COMMENT: This relates primarily to ticks where counts of individuals on a vertebrate host can be influenced by the time of day the host is examined. This is because some tick species have a distinct diurnal pattern of detachment (drop off) from the host, for example to coincide with the time the host is resting in a burrow or nest. akila 2010-03-19T12:06:30Z VSMO:0000491 peak diel period of arthropod detachment from host A continuous temporal interval within the diel 24 hour period during which an arthropod species detaches from a vertebrate host in greatest numbers. COMMENT: This relates primarily to ticks where counts of individuals on a vertebrate host can be influenced by the time of day the host is examined. This is because some tick species have a distinct diurnal pattern of detachment (drop off) from the host, for example to coinc