OBO-Edit 2.3 04:03:2013 10:54 1.2 slozano definition antisymmetric property Informal term to use when presenting to end-users synonym_type_property has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_scope has_synonym_type true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true relationship OBO_REL:contains contains relationship OBO_REL:precedes precedes A relationship between two classes (terms). Relationships between classes are expressed in terms of relations on underlying instances. relationship OBO_REL:relationship this relation was superfluous, so it has been obsoleted relationship true A relationship between two classes (terms). Relationships between classes are expressed in terms of relations on underlying instances. GOC:cjm C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity relationship OBO_REL:adjacent_to Note that adjacent_to as thus defined is not a symmetric relation, in contrast to its instance-level counterpart. For it can be the case that Cs are in general such as to be adjacent to instances of C1 while no analogous statement holds for C1s in general in relation to instances of C. Examples are: nuclear membrane adjacent_to cytoplasm; seminal vesicle adjacent_to urinary bladder; ovary adjacent_to parietal pelvic peritoneum adjacent_to C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:agent_in agent_in A relation between an entity and a dependent continuant; the reciprocal relation of inheres_in has_inherent has_inherer relationship OBO_REL:bearer_of Examples: red eye bearer_of redness bearer_of A relation between an entity and a dependent continuant; the reciprocal relation of inheres_in GOC:cjm C contained_in C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.) relationship OBO_REL:contained_in Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): contained_in C contained_in C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.) PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:derived_into derived_into Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'. derived_from relationship OBO_REL:derives_from Derivation as a relation between instances. The temporal relation of derivation is more complex. Transformation, on the instance level, is just the relation of identity: each adult is identical to some child existing at some earlier time. Derivation on the instance-level is a relation holding between non-identicals. More precisely, it holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Thus we will have axioms to the effect that from c derives_from c1 we can infer that c and c1 are not identical and that there is some instant of time t such that c1 exists only prior to and c only subsequent to t. We will also be able to infer that the spatial region occupied by c as it begins to exist at t overlaps with the spatial region occupied by c1 as it ceases to exist in the same instant. derives_from Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'. PMID:15892874 As for has_participant, but with the additional condition that the component instance is causally active in the relevant process relationship OBO_REL:has_agent has_agent As for has_participant, but with the additional condition that the component instance is causally active in the relevant process PMID:15892874 Relation between an independent continuant and a function. relationship OBO_REL:has_function heart has_function to-pump-blood has_function Relation between an independent continuant and a function. GOC:cjm relationship OBO_REL:has_improper_part See reasons for obsoletion of improper_part_of has_improper_part true true relationship OBO_REL:has_integral_part has_integral_part true relationship OBO_REL:has_part has_part P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t relationship OBO_REL:has_participant Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:has_proper_part has_proper_part A relation between an entity and a quality. For types: E has_quality Q iff: for any eEt, exists qQt such that q inheres_in e at t. For instances: e has_quality q at t iff q inheres_in e at t and q instance-of Quality. relationship OBO_REL:has_quality has_quality A relation between an entity and a quality. For types: E has_quality Q iff: for any eEt, exists qQt such that q inheres_in e at t. For instances: e has_quality q at t iff q inheres_in e at t and q instance-of Quality. GOC:cjm A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of. relationship OBO_REL:has_role has_role A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of. GOC:cjm relationship OBO_REL:has_vector not inverse of vector_of. D has_vector V = def for all d and all times t, if d instance_of D at t2, then there exists some v at t1 such that v instance_of V at t1 and d has_vector v at t2 and t1 earlier t2 has_vector As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical relationship OBO_REL:improper_part_of OBSOLETE. The definition is "As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical". However, part_of is already reflexive, therefore improper_part_of is identical to part_of. If read differently, as "improper_part_of is part_of but not proper_part_of",improper_part_of becomes identity. So, improper_part_of is either identical to part_of or to identity, and not an intuitive synonym for either of them. [Robert Hoehndorf] improper_part_of true As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical PMID:15892874 A relation between an instance and a class. For components: a primitive relation between a component instance and a class which it instantiates at a specific time. For processes: a primitive relation, between a process instance and a class which it instantiates, holding independently of time true relationship OBO_REL:instance_of The instance_of relationship is considered axiomatic by the obo file format specification; ie it is taken for granted. The is_a relation is still included in this ontology for completeness instance_of A relation between an instance and a class. For components: a primitive relation between a component instance and a class which it instantiates at a specific time. For processes: a primitive relation, between a process instance and a class which it instantiates, holding independently of time PMID:15892874 C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C true relationship OBO_REL:integral_part_of integral_part_of C integral_part_of C' if and only if: C part_of C' AND C' has_part C PMID:15892874 C located_in C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *located_in* c'. (Here *located_in* is the instance-level location relation.) relationship OBO_REL:located_in Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus located_in C located_in C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *located_in* c'. (Here *located_in* is the instance-level location relation.) PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:location_of location_of For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) true relationship OBO_REL:part_of Parthood as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception. This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions. For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t. Parthood as a relation between classes: To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell. part_of For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:participates_in participates_in P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t. relationship OBO_REL:preceded_by An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. preceded_by P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t. PMID:15892874 As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct relationship OBO_REL:proper_part_of proper_part_of As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct PMID:15892874 Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2. relationship OBO_REL:transformation_of When an embryonic oenocyte (a type of insect cell) is transformed into a larval oenocyte, one and the same continuant entity preserves its identity while instantiating distinct classes at distinct times. The class-level relation transformation_of obtains between continuant classes C and C1 wherever each instance of the class C is such as to have existed at some earlier time as an instance of the distinct class C1 (see Figure 2 in paper). This relation is illustrated first of all at the molecular level of granularity by the relation between mature RNA and the pre-RNA from which it is processed, or between (UV-induced) thymine-dimer and thymine dinucleotide. At coarser levels of granularity it is illustrated by the transformations involved in the creation of red blood cells, for example, from reticulocyte to erythrocyte, and by processes of development, for example, from larva to pupa, or from (post-gastrular) embryo to fetus or from child to adult. It is also manifest in pathological transformations, for example, of normal colon into carcinomatous colon. In each such case, one and the same continuant entity instantiates distinct classes at different times in virtue of phenotypic changes. transformation_of Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally: C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2. PMID:15892874 relationship OBO_REL:transformed_into Obsoleted transformed_into true A substance intended to sterilize any organism. Wikipedia:Chemosterilant chemosterilants CHEBI:23092 Examples of chemosterilants for insects include apholate and metepa. [VSMO:Authors]. chemosterilant Wikipedia:Chemosterilant Wikipedia chemosterilants ChEBI: A growth regulator that inhibits the life cycle of an insect. CHEBI:24851 Examples of growth regulators for insects include pyriproxyfen, methoprene, and novaluron. [VSMO:Authors]. insect growth regulator true true Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GO:0000004 GO:0007582 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological process unknown biological_process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. biological process Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. IAO:0000109 measurement datum A long-lasting insecticidal net is a factory-treated mosquito net made with netting material that has insecticide incorporated within or bound around the fibres. The net must retain its effective biological activity without re-treatment for at least 20 WHO standard washes under laboratory conditions and three years of recommended use under field conditions. louis 2008-05-16T08:43:07Z LLIN DuraNet (Clarke Mosquito Control) ICONLife (Syngenta) Interceptor Net (BASF) NetProtect (Intelligent Insect Control) Olyset Net (Sumitomo Chemical) PermaNet (Vestergaard-Frandsen) IDOMAL:0000260 The list of synonyms contains a number of commercially available LLINs and their manufacturer and/or distributor. A long-lasting insecticidal net can be used to protect against a wide range of insect vectors. [VSMO:Authors]. long-lasting insecticidal net A long-lasting insecticidal net is a factory-treated mosquito net made with netting material that has insecticide incorporated within or bound around the fibres. The net must retain its effective biological activity without re-treatment for at least 20 WHO standard washes under laboratory conditions and three years of recommended use under field conditions. KL:KL A conventionally treated net is a mosquito net that has been treated by dipping in a WHO-recommended insecticide. To ensure its continued insecticidal effect, the net should be re-treated after three washes, or at least once a year. louis 2008-05-16T11:10:58Z ITN IDOMAL:0000261 Conventionally treated insecticidal net can be used to protect against a wide range of insect vectors. [VSMO:Authors]. conventionally treated insecticidal net A conventionally treated net is a mosquito net that has been treated by dipping in a WHO-recommended insecticide. To ensure its continued insecticidal effect, the net should be re-treated after three washes, or at least once a year. KL:KL The banana-shaped motile stage of Plasmodium that the zygote develops into. It moves out of the blood bolus through the peritrophic membrane and through the midgut epithelium reaching the basal lamina surrounding the midgut. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00006 IDOMAL:0000297 ookinete stage The banana-shaped motile stage of Plasmodium that the zygote develops into. It moves out of the blood bolus through the peritrophic membrane and through the midgut epithelium reaching the basal lamina surrounding the midgut. KL:KL The stage of developing structure that an ookinete develops into upon reaching, and resting st the basal lamina of the midgut. Sporozoites are produced through endomitosis in the developing oocyst. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00002 IDOMAL:0000298 oocyst stage The stage of developing structure that an ookinete develops into upon reaching, and resting st the basal lamina of the midgut. Sporozoites are produced through endomitosis in the developing oocyst. KL:KL A blood stage of Plasmodium that, upon transfer to a mosquito with a blood meal, will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:30:59Z IDOMAL:0000299 blood gametocyte stage A blood stage of Plasmodium that, upon transfer to a mosquito with a blood meal, will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. KL:KL The stage of Plasmodium that has been released into the mosquito haemocoel after the rupture of the oocyst. It reaches and penetrates the salivary gland where it stays until transfered into a vertebrate host through a blood meal. It then rapidly invades hepatocytes and is no longer observed in the host. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00018 IDOMAL:0000300 sporozoite stage The stage of Plasmodium that has been released into the mosquito haemocoel after the rupture of the oocyst. It reaches and penetrates the salivary gland where it stays until transfered into a vertebrate host through a blood meal. It then rapidly invades hepatocytes and is no longer observed in the host. KL:KL The stage produced through the fusion of male and female gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:10:10Z PLO:00024 IDOMAL:0000302 zygote stage The stage produced through the fusion of male and female gametes. KL:KL A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte. louis 2008-07-31T11:19:32Z PLO:00011 IDOMAL:0000304 trophozoite stage A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte. KL:KL A merozoite produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. louis 2008-07-31T11:49:31Z PLO:00052 IDOMAL:0000305 ex-hepatocytic merozoite stage A merozoite produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. KL:KL The stage of a sporozoan cell that reproduces by schizogony, producing a varied number of daughter trophozoites or merozoites. louis 2008-07-31T11:58:50Z PLO:00008 IDOMAL:0000306 erythrocytic schizont stage The stage of a sporozoan cell that reproduces by schizogony, producing a varied number of daughter trophozoites or merozoites. AmericanHeritageMedicalDictionary:0 A collective name for Plasmodium parasites of the relapsing kind that found in the liver of the vertebrate host but have arrested their development. louis 2008-07-31T11:13:44Z IDOMAL:0000307 hypnozoite stage A collective name for Plasmodium parasites of the relapsing kind that found in the liver of the vertebrate host but have arrested their development. KL:KL A life cycle stage of Plasmodium transferred into a mosquito with a blood meal into the midgut, that will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:31:38Z IDOMAL:0000313 mosquito gametocyte stage A life cycle stage of Plasmodium transferred into a mosquito with a blood meal into the midgut, that will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. KL:KL A developmental stage that arises from the schizogony of a parent cell in an erythrocyte that may continue the asexual or enter the sexual phase of the Plasmodium life cycle. louis 2008-07-31T11:52:15Z PLO:00040 IDOMAL:0000320 ex-erythrocytic merozoite stage A developmental stage that arises from the schizogony of a parent cell in an erythrocyte that may continue the asexual or enter the sexual phase of the Plasmodium life cycle. KL:KL A schizont produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. louis 2008-07-31T11:59:38Z PLO:00009 IDOMAL:0000322 hepatic schizont stage A schizont produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. 5-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole PBO IDOMAL:0000873 piperonyl butoxide A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A substance often used as a synergist for insecticides. S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate IDOMAL:0000878 DEF A substance often used as a synergist for insecticides. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. (RS)-5-{1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}-1,3-benzodioxole IDOMAL:0000880 sesamex A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. O,O-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate SV-1 IDOMAL:0000883 SV1 A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. TPP IDOMAL:0000886 triphenyl phosphate A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. 5-{bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl}-1,3-benzodioxole IDOMAL:0000888 piprotal A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. dipropyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-methylnaphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxole-5,6-dicarboxylate IDOMAL:0000891 propyl isome A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL The sulphur analog of a ketone that can have the role of an insecticide synergist. (RS)-2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-methylethyl octyl sulfoxide IDOMAL:0000895 sulfoxide The sulphur analog of a ketone that can have the role of an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate IDOMAL:0000898 tribufos A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL Wire or cloth mesh used to prevent insects from entering a building or landing on a potential food source. louis 2008-08-06T11:56:41Z IDOMAL:0001024 In the scope of vector management is carries the function of a personal protection measure against vectors in that it prevents entry by arthropods and thus reduces indoor vector biting of humans. [VSMO:Authors]. screening material Wire or cloth mesh used to prevent insects from entering a building or landing on a potential food source. KL:KL Clothes worn in order to prevent mosquitoes from biting. louis 2008-08-06T12:03:44Z IDOMAL:0001031 Protective clothing can be used to prevent bites by a wide range of arthropod vectors, including ticks and different types of insects. [VSMO:Authors]. protective clothing Clothes worn in order to prevent mosquitoes from biting. KL:KL A role borne by pathogen in virtue of the fact that it or one of its products is sufficiently close to an organism towards which it has the pathogenic disposition to allow realization of the pathogenic disposition. akila 2010-03-16T12:14:26Z IDO:0000405 pathogen role A role borne by pathogen in virtue of the fact that it or one of its products is sufficiently close to an organism towards which it has the pathogenic disposition to allow realization of the pathogenic disposition. OBO:sourced A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the infection incidence proportion per unit time. IDO:0000484 Also referred to as infection rate. [VSMO:authors] infection incidence rate A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the infection incidence proportion per unit time. OBO:sourced A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the estimated number of organisms in the population infected with an infectious agent at a specified time. IDO:0000486 This refers to the estimate not the actual infected individuals. infection prevalence A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the estimated number of organisms in the population infected with an infectious agent at a specified time. OBO:sourced An infection that has as part virus particles located in the blood. IDO:0000505 viremia An infection that has as part virus particles located in the blood. OBO:sourced An infection that has as part bacteria located in the blood. IDO:0000506 bacteremia An infection that has as part bacteria located in the blood. OBO:sourced An aggregate of organisms of the same species. IDO:0000509 The organism population may be delineated by spatio-temporal proximity or by demographic criteria such as age. [VSMO:Authors]. organism population An aggregate of organisms of the same species. OBO:sourced A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000002 carbamate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2555 MIRO:10000003 aldicarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38463 MIRO:10000004 alanycarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2653 MIRO:10000005 aminocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34556 MIRO:10000006 bendiocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3014 MIRO:10000007 benfuracarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38465 MIRO:10000008 butocarboxim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38470 MIRO:10000009 butoxycarboxim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3390 MIRO:10000010 carbaryl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34611 MIRO:10000011 carbofuran A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38476 MIRO:10000012 carbosulfan A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38483 MIRO:10000013 ethiofencarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34304 MIRO:10000014 fenobucarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38491 MIRO:10000015 formetanate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38504 MIRO:10000016 furathiocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38505 MIRO:10000017 isoprocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38508 MIRO:10000018 methiocarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6835 MIRO:10000019 methomyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38537 MIRO:10000020 metolcarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38539 MIRO:10000021 oxamyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:8248 MIRO:10000022 pirimicarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34938 MIRO:10000023 propoxur A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38548 MIRO:10000024 thiodicarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38549 MIRO:10000025 thiofanox A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38569 MIRO:10000026 trimethacarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38571 MIRO:10000027 XMC A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:35048 MIRO:10000028 xylylcarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38576 MIRO:10000029 triazamate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:25708 MIRO:10000031 organophosphate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34520 MIRO:10000032 acephate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38578 MIRO:10000033 azamethiphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38587 MIRO:10000034 azinphos-ethyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2953 MIRO:10000035 azinphos-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38588 MIRO:10000036 cadusafos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38590 MIRO:10000037 chlorethoxyfos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38598 MIRO:10000038 chlorfenvinphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38603 MIRO:10000039 chlormephos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34631 MIRO:10000040 chlorpyrifos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34632 MIRO:10000041 chlorpyrifos-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3903 MIRO:10000042 coumaphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38621 MIRO:10000043 cyanophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38624 MIRO:10000044 demeton-S-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34682 MIRO:10000045 diazinon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34690 DDVP MIRO:10000046 dichlorvos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38658 MIRO:10000047 dicrotophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34714 MIRO:10000048 dimethoate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38659 MIRO:10000049 dimethylvinphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38661 MIRO:10000050 disulfoton A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34733 MIRO:10000051 EPN A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38663 MIRO:10000052 ethion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38665 MIRO:10000053 ethoprophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38677 MIRO:10000054 famphur A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38680 MIRO:10000055 fenamiphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34757 MIRO:10000056 fenitrothion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34760 MIRO:10000057 fensulfothion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34761 MIRO:10000058 fenthion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38689 MIRO:10000059 fonofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38692 MIRO:10000060 fosthiazate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38693 MIRO:10000061 heptenophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6009 MIRO:10000062 isofenphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38704 isocarbophos MIRO:10000063 isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34801 MIRO:10000064 isoxathion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6651 MIRO:10000065 malathion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38718 MIRO:10000066 mecarbam A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38721 MIRO:10000067 methamidophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34837 MIRO:10000068 methidathion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38725 MIRO:10000069 mevinphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38728 MIRO:10000070 monocrotophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38729 MIRO:10000071 naled A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38730 MIRO:10000072 omethoate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38735 MIRO:10000073 oxydemeton-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:27928 MIRO:10000074 parathion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38746 MIRO:10000075 parathion-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34917 MIRO:10000076 phenthoate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38764 MIRO:10000077 phorate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:8121 MIRO:10000078 phosalone A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38786 MIRO:10000079 phosmet A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38832 MIRO:10000080 phosphamidon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38812 MIRO:10000081 phoxim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38843 MIRO:10000082 pirimiphos-methyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38845 bromofos MIRO:10000083 profenofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38858 MIRO:10000084 propaphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38864 MIRO:10000085 propetamphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000086 prothiofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38876 MIRO:10000087 pyraclofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38881 MIRO:10000088 pyridaphenthion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:8712 MIRO:10000089 quinalphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38945 MIRO:10000090 sulfotep A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38949 MIRO:10000091 sulprofos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38951 MIRO:10000092 tebupirimfos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38954 OMS-786 MIRO:10000093 temephos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38960 MIRO:10000094 terbufos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:35005 MIRO:10000095 tetrachlorvinphos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38962 MIRO:10000096 thiometon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38963 MIRO:10000097 triazophos A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6908 MIRO:10000098 trichlorfon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38990 MIRO:10000099 vamidothion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. IRAC:eClassification MIRO:10000101 moulting disruptor A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:23457 MIRO:10000102 cyclodiene organochlorine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34623 MIRO:10000103 chlordane A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4791 MIRO:10000104 endosulfan A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:32888 gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane MIRO:10000105 gamma-HCH A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34785 MIRO:10000106 heptachlor A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:32888 MIRO:10000107 lindane A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CAS:7-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-ethoxy-3,5-dioxa-6-aza-4-phosphaoct-6-ene-8-nitrile4-sulfide IUPAC:O,O-diethyl2-chloro--cyanobenzylideneaminooxyphosphonothioate chlorphoxin MIRO:10000108 chlorphoxim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000109 fipronil / phenylpyrazole A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5063 MIRO:10000110 fipronil A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:26413 MIRO:10000112 pyrethroid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39091 MIRO:10000113 acrinathrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34572 MIRO:10000114 allethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39137 MIRO:10000115 d-cis-trans allethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39118 MIRO:10000116 d-trans allethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3093 MIRO:10000117 bifenthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34572 MIRO:10000118 bioallethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39115 MIRO:10000119 bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39280 MIRO:10000120 bioresmethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39283 MIRO:10000121 cycloprothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4034 MIRO:10000122 cyfluthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39314 MIRO:10000123 beta-cyfluthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4035 MIRO:10000124 cyhalothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39325 MIRO:10000125 lambda-cyhalothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39323 MIRO:10000126 gamma-cyhalothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4042 MIRO:10000127 cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39331 MIRO:10000128 alpha-cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39332 MIRO:10000129 beta-cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39333 MIRO:10000130 theta-cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39334 MIRO:10000131 zeta-cypermethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39341 MIRO:10000132 cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans- isomers] A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4388 MIRO:10000133 deltamethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39404 MIRO:10000134 empenthrin [(EZ)- (1R)- isomers] A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39346 MIRO:10000135 esfenvalerate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39348 MIRO:10000136 etofenprox A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39353 MIRO:10000137 fenpropathrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5014 MIRO:10000138 fenvalerate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34763 MIRO:10000139 flucythrinate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39361 MIRO:10000140 flumethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39367 MIRO:10000141 tau-fluvalinate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39368 MIRO:10000142 halfenprox A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39389 MIRO:10000143 imiprothrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34911 MIRO:10000144 permethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39341 sumithrin MIRO:10000145 phenothrin [(1R)-trans- isomer] A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39391 MIRO:10000146 prallethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:8811 MIRO:10000147 resmethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39392 kadethrin MIRO:10000148 rU 15525 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39393 MIRO:10000149 silafluofen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:9430 MIRO:10000150 tefluthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39397 MIRO:10000151 tetramethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39399 MIRO:10000152 tetramethrin [(1R)- isomers] A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39400 MIRO:10000153 tralomethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:32253 MIRO:10000154 transfluthrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39402 MIRO:10000155 ZXI 8901 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:27815 pyrethrum MIRO:10000156 pyrethrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:16130 MIRO:10000157 DDT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:6842 MIRO:10000158 methoxychlor A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34696 IUPAC:(1R,4S,4aS,5R,6R,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-6,7-epoxy-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene MIRO:10000160 dieldrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39182 MIRO:10000161 neonicotinoid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39163 MIRO:10000162 acetamiprid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39178 MIRO:10000163 clothianidin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39183 MIRO:10000164 dinotefuran A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5870 MIRO:10000165 imidacloprid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39171 MIRO:10000166 nitenpyram A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39175 MIRO:10000167 thiacloprid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39185 MIRO:10000168 thiamethoxam A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:18723 MIRO:10000170 nicotine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39188 MIRO:10000172 bensultap A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3436 MIRO:10000173 cartap A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39211 MIRO:10000175 spinosad A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39213 MIRO:10000177 avermectin and milbemycin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39214 MIRO:10000178 abamectin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39233 MIRO:10000179 emamectin benzoate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39225 MIRO:10000180 milbemectin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:24942 IRAC:eClassification MIRO:10000181 juvenile hormone mimic A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000183 juvenile hormone analogue A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39234 MIRO:10000184 hydroprene A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39243 MIRO:10000185 kinoprene A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39255 MIRO:10000186 methoprene A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5009 MIRO:10000188 fenoxycarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39260 MIRO:10000190 pyriproxyfen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39275 MIRO:10000193 methyl bromide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000194 methyl bromide and other alkyl halides A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39285 MIRO:10000196 chloropicrin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39287 MIRO:10000198 sulfuryl fluoride A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39290 MIRO:10000201 cryolite A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000202 sesamolin true A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39311 MIRO:10000203 pymetrozine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39291 MIRO:10000205 flonicamid A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. IRAC:eClassification MIRO:10000206 growth inhibitor sensu acarea A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39315 MIRO:10000208 clofentezine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000209 malaoxon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39326 MIRO:10000210 hexythiazox A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. chlorothion MIRO:10000211 chlorthion A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39329 MIRO:10000212 etoxazole A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. Pantelis 2009-03-13T10:56:22Z Bt toxin MIRO:10000214 Bacillus thurigiensis toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. Bti MIRO:10000215 Bacillus thurigiensis var. israelensis toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000217 Bacillus thurigiensis var. sphaericus toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000219 Bacillus thurigiensis var. aizawai toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000221 Bacillus thurigiensis var. kurstaki toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000223 Bacillus thurigiensis var. tenebrionensis toxin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39299 MIRO:10000226 diafenthiuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39292 MIRO:10000228 organotin miticide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2959 MIRO:10000229 azocyclotin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:4036 MIRO:10000230 cyhexatin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39294 MIRO:10000231 fenbutatin oxide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39300 MIRO:10000233 propargite A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39330 MIRO:10000234 tetradifon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39411 MIRO:10000235 chloropropylate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39347 MIRO:10000237 chlorfenapyr A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39349 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol MIRO:10000238 DNOC A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance with the ability to kill insects. IRAC:eClassification insecticide MIRO:10000239 insecticidal substance A chemical substance with the ability to kill insects. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38494 MIRO:10000241 benzoylurea A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39370 MIRO:10000242 chlorfluazuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34703 MIRO:10000243 diflubenzuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39374 MIRO:10000244 fluazuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39375 MIRO:10000245 flucycloxuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39382 MIRO:10000246 flufenoxuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39383 MIRO:10000247 hexaflumuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39384 MIRO:10000248 lufenuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39385 MIRO:10000249 novaluron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39386 MIRO:10000250 noviflumuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39387 MIRO:10000251 teflubenzuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:39388 MIRO:10000252 triflumuron A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:3218 MIRO:10000254 buprofezin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000255 moulting disruptor in Diptera A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:30260 MIRO:10000256 cyromazine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38456 MIRO:10000257 moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38450 MIRO:10000259 chromafenozide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38451 MIRO:10000260 halofenozide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38449 MIRO:10000261 methoxyfenozide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38452 MIRO:10000262 tebufenozide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38473 MIRO:10000264 azadirachtin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2665 MIRO:10000266 amitraz A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:2630 MIRO:10000269 hydramethylnon A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38592 MIRO:10000271 acequinocyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38591 MIRO:10000273 fluacrypyrim A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38593 MIRO:10000275 fenazaquin A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:5011 MIRO:10000276 fenpyroximate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38604 MIRO:10000277 pyrimidifen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38626 MIRO:10000278 pyridaben A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:9422 MIRO:10000279 tebufenpyrad A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38628 MIRO:10000280 tolfenpyrad A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:28201 MIRO:10000281 rotenone A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38630 MIRO:10000283 indoxacarb A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:33755 MIRO:10000285 tetronic acid derivative A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38639 MIRO:10000286 spirodiclofen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38640 MIRO:10000287 spiromesifen A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000289 spirotetramat A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38495 MIRO:10000290 aluminium phosphide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:17514 MIRO:10000292 cyanide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:35883 MIRO:10000294 phosphine A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is able to kill insects. MIRO:10000296 bifenazate A chemical substance which is able to kill insects. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:18172 MIRO:10000298 fluoroacetate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38798 MIRO:10000307 flubendiamide A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38813 MIRO:10000310 benzoximate A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34620 MIRO:10000312 chinomethionat A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:34692 MIRO:10000314 dicofol A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CHEBI:38887 MIRO:10000316 pyridalyl A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. OBI OBI:0000011 planned process A planned process with the objective to produce information about some evaluant. measuring scientific observation OBI OBI:0000070 Example of usage: Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house. assay A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. material transformation OBI OBI:0000094 material processing PCR is the process in which a DNA polymerase is used to amplify a piece of DNA by in vitro enzymatic replication. As PCR progresses, the DNA thus generated is itself used as a template for replication. This sets in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA template is exponentially amplified. PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymerase chain reaction OBI:0000415 polymerase chain reaction PCR is the process in which a DNA polymerase is used to amplify a piece of DNA by in vitro enzymatic replication. As PCR progresses, the DNA thus generated is itself used as a template for replication. This sets in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA template is exponentially amplified. OBI:authors A planned process with the objective of obtaining a specimen. OBI:0000659 specimen collection A planned process with the objective of obtaining a specimen. OBI:authors A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. OBI OBI:0100026 organism A protocol application in which an organism is intentionally put to death. death status type euthanisia life termination sacrifice OBI OBI:0600006 killing A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. PATO:0000383 female A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. MGED:MGED A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. PATO:0000384 male A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. MGED:MGED The number of time that a viviparous organism has given birth. gkoutos 2012-05-03T11:27:56Z PATO:0002370 parity The number of time that a viviparous organism has given birth. wiki:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_(biology) Vaccination is: an 'administering substance in vivo' that involves in adding vaccine into a host (e.g., human, mouse) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective immune response. slozano 2012-08-06T10:51:19Z VE Vaccination Vaccinations Vaccines even vaccine first vaccination other vaccines such vaccination such vaccines third vaccination vaccinations vaccinators vaccine vaccine was well vaccinees vaccines VO:0000002 vaccination Vaccination is: an 'administering substance in vivo' that involves in adding vaccine into a host (e.g., human, mouse) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective immune response. VO:Authors Vaccination process that occurs in oral route. YL 2010-03-15T01:43:59Z VO:0003021 oral vaccination Vaccination process that occurs in oral route. VO:Authors The process of material separation to recover the fraction of a pathogenic microorganism of a given taxon from an input material COMMENT: This can be achieved by growing a pathogenic organism for some period of time in a suitable medium, culture or laboratory animal host. This method often is complemented by additional confirmation by other identification methods. One benefit of pathogen isolation is that it demonstrates the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material or animal. leisen 2010-05-20T03:11:10Z VSMO:0000000 pathogen isolation The process of material separation to recover the fraction of a pathogenic microorganism of a given taxon from an input material COMMENT: This can be achieved by growing a pathogenic organism for some period of time in a suitable medium, culture or laboratory animal host. This method often is complemented by additional confirmation by other identification methods. One benefit of pathogen isolation is that it demonstrates the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material or animal. VSMO:Authors The inactive first metamorphic stage (egg) of the arthopod life cycle. leisen 2010-05-20T03:33:57Z VSMO:0000001 arthropod egg stage The inactive first metamorphic stage (egg) of the arthopod life cycle. VSMO:Authors The final, reproductive stage (adult female or male) of the arthropod life cycle. COMMENT: The female may or may not be parasitic (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (ametabolous insects, holometabolous insects, paurometabolous insects, and soft ticks). leisen 2010-05-20T03:34:58Z VSMO:0000002 arthropod adult stage The final, reproductive stage (adult female or male) of the arthropod life cycle. COMMENT: The female may or may not be parasitic (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (ametabolous insects, holometabolous insects, paurometabolous insects, and soft ticks). VSMO:Authors A chemical compound that can be used to enhance the killing efficacy of an insecticide formulation. slozano 2012-10-15T11:01:42Z VSMO:0000003 synergist for insecticide formulation A chemical compound that can be used to enhance the killing efficacy of an insecticide formulation. VSMO:Authors A planned process with the objective to produce information about some evaluant with the purpose of, if justified by the information gathered, managing, directing, or protecting. slozano 2012-12-13T03:10:45Z VSMO:0000004 surveillance process A planned process with the objective to produce information about some evaluant with the purpose of, if justified by the information gathered, managing, directing, or protecting. VSMO:Authors A planned process where activities are organized and coordinated with the objective of accomplishing a goal COMMENT: Examples of management goals are to reduce contact between vectors and pathogen reservoirs or between vectors and humans or domestic animals. slozano 2012-12-13T04:12:19Z VSMO:0000005 management process A planned process where activities are organized and coordinated with the objective of accomplishing a goal COMMENT: Examples of management goals are to reduce contact between vectors and pathogen reservoirs or between vectors and humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors Any protozoan of the Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Apicomplexans are eucaryotic alveolates. leisen 2012-07-31T04:31:18Z NCBITaxon:5864 VSMO:0000006 Apicomplexa Any protozoan of the Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Apicomplexans are eucaryotic alveolates. VSMO:Authors The biological process comprised of a single metamorphic stage (life stage) or its sub-stages. slozano 2012-12-13T05:42:31Z FBdv:00005259 FBdv:00007010 biological_process VSMO:0000007 developmental stage The biological process comprised of a single metamorphic stage (life stage) or its sub-stages. VSMO:Authors FBdv:00005259 FlyBase development CV FBdv:00007010 FlyBase development CV Quality in the form of an approximation of the value, number, quantity, or extent of one or several types of objects. slozano 2012-11-29T10:11:14Z VSMO:0000008 estimate Quality in the form of an approximation of the value, number, quantity, or extent of one or several types of objects. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines its pathogen infection status. leisen 2012-08-14T04:14:04Z VSMO:0000009 arthropod infection status Quality of individual arthropod which defines its pathogen infection status. VSMO:Authors Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of bacteria of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. leisen 2012-10-03T12:05:20Z VSMO:0000010 bacterial aggregate Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of bacteria of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. VSMO:Authors A material with a definite chemical composition. Owner 2010-03-07T04:57:33Z VSMO:0000011 chemical compound A material with a definite chemical composition. IDOMAL:0000672 A pharmaceutically active chemical substance used for killing pests (including insects, mites and ticks serving as vectors of human pathogens). Owner 2010-03-07T04:58:09Z VSMO:0000012 chemical pesticide active substance true A pharmaceutically active chemical substance used for killing pests (including insects, mites and ticks serving as vectors of human pathogens). VSMO:Authors The process of gathering arthropods from an aquatic environment. leisen 2012-08-14T12:04:28Z VSMO:0000013 collection of aquatic arthropods The process of gathering arthropods from an aquatic environment. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an organism in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. slozano 2012-11-30T11:43:31Z VSMO:0000014 The role is realized in the killing and/or population reduction of a target pest organisms. biological control agent role A role borne by an organism in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. VSMO:Authors A tabanid fly of Genus Tabanus with the species designation of lineola. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri leisen 2012-05-08T11:14:50Z VSMO:0000015 Tabanus lineola A tabanid fly of Genus Tabanus with the species designation of lineola. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri ISBN:0851994733 An approximation of infection in a group of organisms. slozano 2012-12-04T03:10:31Z VSMO:0000016 estimate of infection An approximation of infection in a group of organisms. VSMO:Authors An approximation of the abundance of one or several types of objects. slozano 2012-12-04T03:15:47Z VSMO:0000017 estimate of abundance An approximation of the abundance of one or several types of objects. VSMO:Authors Hybomitra is a Genus in Family Tabanidae. leisen 2012-05-08T11:16:49Z NCBITaxon:124690 VSMO:0000018 Hybomitra Hybomitra is a Genus in Family Tabanidae. VSMO:Authors A process aiming to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. slozano 2012-12-04T03:50:26Z VSMO:0000019 vector control Any life stage of an arthropod. slozano 2012-12-31T11:30:02Z biological_process VSMO:0000020 life stage of arthropod Any life stage of an arthropod. VSMO:authors Object that can be used to complete a process. COMMENT: Examples of processes where equipment is used include collection of arthropods and broadcast of a pesticide. Owner 2010-03-07T05:24:38Z VSMO:0000021 equipment Object that can be used to complete a process. COMMENT: Examples of processes where equipment is used include collection of arthropods and broadcast of a pesticide. VSMO:Authors Equipment used in the process of collecting arthropods. Owner 2010-03-07T05:25:00Z VSMO:0000022 equipment for collection of arthropods Equipment used in the process of collecting arthropods. VSMO:Authors Equipment used in the process of managing arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors by killing them or preventing vector-host contact. Owner 2010-03-07T05:25:35Z VSMO:0000023 equipment for management of vectors Equipment used in the process of managing arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors by killing them or preventing vector-host contact. VSMO:Authors A tabanid fly of Genus Hybomitra with the species designation of aatos. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri leisen 2012-05-08T11:17:38Z VSMO:0000024 Hybomitra aatos A tabanid fly of Genus Hybomitra with the species designation of aatos. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri ISBN:0851994733 An assay to produce information about the form and structure of an organism or its parts. slozano 2012-12-31T11:46:00Z OBI VSMO:0000025 morphological assay An assay to produce information about the form and structure of an organism or its parts. VSMO:Authors Invertebrate animal belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda. COMMENT: Also called arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T09:18:11Z NCBITaxon:6656 arthropod VSMO:0000026 Arthropoda Invertebrate animal belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda. COMMENT: Also called arthropod. ISBN:0124732763 Insecta is a Class within Phylum Arthropoda. akila 2010-03-11T09:18:56Z NCBITaxon:50557 insect VSMO:0000027 Insecta Insecta is a Class within Phylum Arthropoda. ISBN:0124732763 Ceratopogonidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called biting midges. akila 2010-03-11T09:19:27Z NCBITaxon:41819 biting midges VSMO:0000028 Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called biting midges. ISBN:0124732763 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Getah virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in horses. Occurs in Asia and Australia. 2012-05-08T11:53:57Z NCBITaxon:59300 VSMO:0000029 Getah virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Getah virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in horses. Occurs in Asia and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 The process of giving a mark. slozano 2012-12-05T04:07:17Z VSMO:0000030 marking process The process of giving a mark. VSMO:Authors A planned process with the objective to keep something from coming to harm. slozano 2012-12-05T04:42:37Z VSMO:0000031 protection process A planned process with the objective to keep something from coming to harm. VSMO:Authors The function of a substance realized when it kills pests. COMMENT: In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. slozano 2012-12-06T12:14:11Z CHEBI:25944 VSMO:0000032 pesticide function The function of a substance realized when it kills pests. COMMENT: In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. VSMO:Authors The function of a device or substance realized when it prevents pests from approaching an air volume or settling on a treated substrate. slozano 2012-12-06T12:21:27Z VSMO:0000033 pest repellent function The function of a device or substance realized when it prevents pests from approaching an air volume or settling on a treated substrate. VSMO:Authors A manufacture material designed to be worn on the body. slozano 2012-12-06T01:43:41Z VSMO:0000034 clothing A manufacture material designed to be worn on the body. VSMO:Authors An assay to produce information about an immunologically reactive substance. slozano 2012-12-31T01:16:23Z VSMO:0000035 immunochemical assay An assay to produce information about an immunologically reactive substance. VSMO:Authors An assay to produce information about some genetic material. slozano 2012-12-31T01:39:18Z VSMO:0000036 genetic assay An assay to produce information about some genetic material. VSMO:Authors An assay to produce information about some whole organism. slozano 2012-12-31T01:47:15Z VSMO:0000037 organism based assay An assay to produce information about some whole organism. VSMO:Authors Ixodidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called hard ticks. akila 2010-03-11T09:26:04Z NCBITaxon:6939 hard ticks VSMO:0000038 Ixodidae Ixodidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called hard ticks. ISBN:0124732763 Argasidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called soft ticks. akila 2010-03-11T09:26:28Z NCBITaxon:6936 soft ticks VSMO:0000039 Argasidae Argasidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called soft ticks. ISBN:0124732763 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Bwamba virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the Bwamba Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Pongola virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2012-05-08T12:04:11Z NCBITaxon:35310 VSMO:0000040 Bwamba virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Bwamba virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the Bwamba Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Pongola virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 Trombiculidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called trombiculid mites. akila 2010-03-11T09:27:16Z NCBITaxon:92251 trombiculid mites VSMO:0000041 Trombiculidae Trombiculidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called trombiculid mites. ISBN:0124732763 ISBN:9780123725004 An organism of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size. akila 2010-03-11T09:29:52Z VSMO:0000042 microorganism An organism of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size. VSMO:Authors Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of Bacteria - of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod shaped single celled microorganisms. COMMENT: Bacteria may lack cell walls or are gram positive or gram negative if they have cell walls. akila 2010-03-11T09:30:46Z NCBITaxon:2 VSMO:0000043 Bacteria Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of Bacteria - of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod shaped single celled microorganisms. COMMENT: Bacteria may lack cell walls or are gram positive or gram negative if they have cell walls. VSMO:Authors Any protozoan of the Order Kinetoplastida. COMMENT: Kinetoplasts are eucaryotic Euglenozoa. akila 2010-03-11T09:31:01Z NCBITaxon:5653 VSMO:0000044 Kinetoplastida Any protozoan of the Order Kinetoplastida. COMMENT: Kinetoplasts are eucaryotic Euglenozoa. VSMO:Authors Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of viruses - of submicroscopic infective agents that are regarded either as extremely simple microorganisms or as extremely complex molecules. akila 2010-03-11T09:31:21Z NCBITaxon:10239 VSMO:0000045 viruses Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of viruses - of submicroscopic infective agents that are regarded either as extremely simple microorganisms or as extremely complex molecules. VSMO:Authors Object aggregate in the form of microorganisms of a given taxon. akila 2010-03-11T11:27:15Z VSMO:0000046 microorganism aggregate Object aggregate in the form of microorganisms of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the prevalence or rate of examined vertebrates of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. leisen 2012-08-14T10:17:27Z VSMO:0000047 estimation of pathogen infection prevalence or rate in vertebrates Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the prevalence or rate of examined vertebrates of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod in the form of the number of bacteria of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T11:28:39Z VSMO:0000048 bacterial load of arthropod Quality of individual arthropod in the form of the number of bacteria of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. VSMO:Authors The number of parasites of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T11:29:02Z VSMO:0000049 parasite load of arthropod The number of parasites of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. VSMO:Authors The number of sporozoites of a given parasite taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. COMMENT: Often measured as the total number of sporozoites present in the salivary glands of a single infected arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T11:29:25Z VSMO:0000050 sporozoite load of arthropod The number of sporozoites of a given parasite taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. COMMENT: Often measured as the total number of sporozoites present in the salivary glands of a single infected arthropod. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod in the form of the number of viral particles of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. akila 2010-03-11T11:30:33Z VSMO:0000051 viral load of arthropod Quality of individual arthropod in the form of the number of viral particles of a given taxon that are present within an individual arthropod. VSMO:Authors Hepatozoon is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Hepatozoon is a Genus in the Family Hepatozoidae of Order Eucoccidiorida. leisen 2012-05-08T12:20:56Z NCBITaxon:75741 VSMO:0000052 Hepatozoon Hepatozoon is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Hepatozoon is a Genus in the Family Hepatozoidae of Order Eucoccidiorida. VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the quantity of vertebrates of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. leisen 2012-08-14T10:18:36Z VSMO:0000053 estimation of the quantity of infected vertebrates Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the quantity of vertebrates of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of Eukaryota - whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. COMMENT: The eucaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes are located. leisen 2012-07-31T04:23:17Z NCBITaxon:2759 VSMO:0000054 eukaryotic microorganism Any microorganism of a domain - the superkingdom of Eukaryota - whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. COMMENT: The eucaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes are located. VSMO:Authors An infection that has as part parasites located in the blood. akila 2010-03-11T11:33:39Z DOID: 2293 VSMO:0000055 parasitemia An infection that has as part parasites located in the blood. VSMO:Authors An infection that has as part gametocytes located in the blood. akila 2010-03-11T11:58:23Z VSMO:0000056 gametocytemia An infection that has as part gametocytes located in the blood. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Hepatozoon with the species designation of canis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (hepatozoonosis) in dogs. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2012-05-08T12:25:04Z NCBITaxon:110120 VSMO:0000057 Hepatozoon canis An apicomplexan of Genus Hepatozoon with the species designation of canis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (hepatozoonosis) in dogs. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 Change of the physical environment of a home or other building with the goal to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. leisen 2012-08-14T11:11:26Z VSMO:0000058 indoor environmental vector control Change of the physical environment of a home or other building with the goal to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. VSMO:Authors Object aggregate in the form of a group of arthropods of a given taxon. akila 2010-03-11T12:01:10Z VSMO:0000059 arthropod aggregate Object aggregate in the form of a group of arthropods of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Process to detect a pathogenic organism. COMMENT: Pathogen detection includes testing of samples with PCR, ELISA and other methods. slozano 2012-08-06T10:13:27Z VSMO:0000060 pathogen detection Process to detect a pathogenic organism. COMMENT: Pathogen detection includes testing of samples with PCR, ELISA and other methods. VSMO:authors Process to quantify the numbers of off-host individuals of an arthropod species based on a dimensionless abundance measure. COMMENT: Abundance is a dimensionless, relative quantity used to describe the number of vector individuals in one population compared to those in another population. It is used most commonly for the human-biting life stages of the vectors (adults for insect vectors and larvae, nymphs or adults for tick vectors) but also can be used to quantify immatures in aquatic samples (for example dips for mosquito larvae). Examples include abundance of a mosquito vector per trap night, abundance of a mosquito vector per home examined using pyrethrum spray catch, abundance of mosquito larvae per dip and abundance of a tick vector per man-hour of drag sampling. akila 2010-03-11T12:24:30Z VSMO:0000061 estimation of off -host arthropod abundance Process to quantify the numbers of off-host individuals of an arthropod species based on a dimensionless abundance measure. COMMENT: Abundance is a dimensionless, relative quantity used to describe the number of vector individuals in one population compared to those in another population. It is used most commonly for the human-biting life stages of the vectors (adults for insect vectors and larvae, nymphs or adults for tick vectors) but also can be used to quantify immatures in aquatic samples (for example dips for mosquito larvae). Examples include abundance of a mosquito vector per trap night, abundance of a mosquito vector per home examined using pyrethrum spray catch, abundance of mosquito larvae per dip and abundance of a tick vector per man-hour of drag sampling. ISBN:0195073134 VSMO:Authors Process to quantify the numbers of off-host individuals of an arthropod species based on a density measure of individuals per unit area, unit length, or unit volume. COMMENT: An examples is the density of a tick species per 100 square meters. akila 2010-03-11T12:24:51Z VSMO:0000062 estimation of vector density Process to quantify the numbers of off-host individuals of an arthropod species based on a density measure of individuals per unit area, unit length, or unit volume. COMMENT: An examples is the density of a tick species per 100 square meters. ISBN:0195073134 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which quantifies their absolute density per unit area, unit length, or unit volume. COMMENT: Measuring absolute density is essential for the proper construction of life budgets but often is very difficult and work intensive. akila 2010-03-11T12:25:38Z VSMO:0000063 absolute density of arthropods off-host Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which quantifies their absolute density per unit area, unit length, or unit volume. COMMENT: Measuring absolute density is essential for the proper construction of life budgets but often is very difficult and work intensive. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Hepatozoon with the species designation of americanum. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (hepatozoonosis) in dogs. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-05-08T12:28:42Z NCBITaxon:110119 VSMO:0000064 Hepatozoon americanum An apicomplexan of Genus Hepatozoon with the species designation of americanum. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (hepatozoonosis) in dogs. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which quantifies their relative density per unit area, unit length, or unit volume based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Commonly used as an alternative to absolute density. An example of a relative density measure is the number of host-seeking ticks of a given taxon and life stage collected per 100 square meters of sampling the vegetation using a standard tick drag. akila 2010-03-11T12:27:24Z VSMO:0000065 relative density of arthropods off-host Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which quantifies their relative density per unit area, unit length, or unit volume based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Commonly used as an alternative to absolute density. An example of a relative density measure is the number of host-seeking ticks of a given taxon and life stage collected per 100 square meters of sampling the vegetation using a standard tick drag. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to enumeration of an aggregate of arthropods. leisen 2012-08-15T10:22:33Z VSMO:0000066 measure relating to enumeration of aggregate of arthropods Measure relating to enumeration of an aggregate of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of arthropod eggs, which quantifies their relative number based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Oviposition traps can be used to estimate how commonly egg laying females are present. Due to skip oviposition in some species, it may be prudent to restrict data analyses to ovitraps being positive or negative for eggs rather using numbers of eggs. akila 2010-03-11T12:28:51Z VSMO:0000067 abundance estimate for arthropod eggs off-host Measure relating to aggregate of arthropod eggs, which quantifies their relative number based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Oviposition traps can be used to estimate how commonly egg laying females are present. Due to skip oviposition in some species, it may be prudent to restrict data analyses to ovitraps being positive or negative for eggs rather using numbers of eggs. VSMO:Authors Abundance estimate for arthropod eggs, which quantifies the percentage of examined ovitraps that contain eggs. akila 2010-03-11T12:29:25Z VSMO:0000068 prevalence of ovitraps with mosquito eggs Abundance estimate for arthropod eggs, which quantifies the percentage of examined ovitraps that contain eggs. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of mosquito immatures, which quantifies their relative number based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: These estimates are typically based on removal sampling. One example is the number of mosquito larvae collected per dip with a standard dipper. Several indices have been developed for abundance of immatures of mosquito species that exploit water holding containers as larval development sites, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This includes the traditional Stegomyia indices and more recently developed pupal indices. Stated reasons for using pupal indices include that (i) absolute counts of pupae are feasible in most domestic settings, (ii) larval indices do not account for variable mortality of the larval stage (based on crowding, variable food supply etc) which can impact container productivity, whereas pupal mortality is slight and less variable, and (iii) the number of pupae per person is highly positively correlated with the number of adult mosquitoes per person. akila 2010-03-11T12:31:35Z VSMO:0000069 abundance estimate for mosquito immatures Measure relating to aggregate of mosquito immatures, which quantifies their relative number based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: These estimates are typically based on removal sampling. One example is the number of mosquito larvae collected per dip with a standard dipper. Several indices have been developed for abundance of immatures of mosquito species that exploit water holding containers as larval development sites, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This includes the traditional Stegomyia indices and more recently developed pupal indices. Stated reasons for using pupal indices include that (i) absolute counts of pupae are feasible in most domestic settings, (ii) larval indices do not account for variable mortality of the larval stage (based on crowding, variable food supply etc) which can impact container productivity, whereas pupal mortality is slight and less variable, and (iii) the number of pupae per person is highly positively correlated with the number of adult mosquitoes per person. VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the breteau index (BI), which denotes the number of containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures per 100 examined premises. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the BI is calculated as: number of containers with larvae/number of premises examined*100. akila 2010-03-11T12:33:17Z VSMO:0000070 breteau index Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the breteau index (BI), which denotes the number of containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures per 100 examined premises. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the BI is calculated as: number of containers with larvae/number of premises examined*100. ISBN:0851991343 VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the container index (CI), which denotes the percentage of water-holding containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the CI is calculated as: number of containers with larvae/number of water-holding containers*100. akila 2010-03-11T12:33:38Z VSMO:0000071 container index Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the container index (CI), which denotes the percentage of water-holding containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the CI is calculated as: number of containers with larvae/number of water-holding containers*100. ISBN:0851991343 VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the house index (HI), which denotes the percentage of houses examined with containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the HI is calculated as: number of premises with larvae/number of premises visited*100. akila 2010-03-11T12:33:45Z VSMO:0000072 house index Abundance measure for arthropod immatures, designated the house index (HI), which denotes the percentage of houses examined with containers positive for larvae, pupae or immatures. COMMENT: Using larvae as the example, the HI is calculated as: number of premises with larvae/number of premises visited*100. ISBN:0851991343 VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated pupae per hectare and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the total area in hectares for examined premises. akila 2010-03-11T12:34:32Z VSMO:0000073 pupae per hectare Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated pupae per hectare and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the total area in hectares for examined premises. VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated pupae per person and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the total number of residents for examined premises. akila 2010-03-11T12:35:02Z VSMO:0000074 pupae per person Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated pupae per person and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the total number of residents for examined premises. VSMO:Authors Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated the pupal index and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the number of premises visited and then multiplied by factor of 100. akila 2010-03-11T12:36:15Z VSMO:0000075 pupal index Abundance measure for arthropod pupae, which is designated the pupal index and calculated as the total number of pupae collected divided by the number of premises visited and then multiplied by factor of 100. VSMO:Authors A protection process with the objective of preventing arthropod bites. slozano 2013-01-17T10:51:32Z VSMO:0000076 protection against arthropod bites A protection process with the objective of preventing arthropod bites. VSMO:Authors Estimate relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the number of arthropods divided by the number of infested hosts. akila 2010-03-11T12:38:37Z VSMO:0000077 intensity of host infestation by arthropods Estimate relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the number of arthropods divided by the number of infested hosts. ISBN:0195073134 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the total number of arthropods divided by the total number of hosts examined. COMMENT: Also called mean density per host or population intensity. akila 2010-03-11T12:38:56Z VSMO:0000078 abundance of arthropods per host Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the total number of arthropods divided by the total number of hosts examined. COMMENT: Also called mean density per host or population intensity. VSMO:Authors On-host abundance measure for an aggregate of fleas which is calculated as the average number of fleas of a given taxon on a given vertebrate host taxon. COMMENT: A specific flea index greater than 1 for the Yersinia pestis flea vector Xenopsylla cheopis on rats is considered a dangerously high infestation level potentially resulting in a rat plague epizootic. akila 2010-03-11T12:39:31Z VSMO:0000079 specific flea index On-host abundance measure for an aggregate of fleas which is calculated as the average number of fleas of a given taxon on a given vertebrate host taxon. COMMENT: A specific flea index greater than 1 for the Yersinia pestis flea vector Xenopsylla cheopis on rats is considered a dangerously high infestation level potentially resulting in a rat plague epizootic. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Estimate relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the percentage of all examined hosts that are infested by arthropods. akila 2010-03-11T12:40:08Z VSMO:0000080 prevalence of host infestation by arthropods Estimate relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the percentage of all examined hosts that are infested by arthropods. ISBN:0195073134 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of cuspidata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-05-08T01:00:10Z VSMO:0000082 Haemaphysalis cuspidata A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of cuspidata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A group of spatially clustered individuals of a given arthropod species. akila 2010-03-11T12:44:42Z biotop:ArthropodPopulation VSMO:0000084 arthropod population true A group of spatially clustered individuals of a given arthropod species. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors A group of individuals of a given arthropod species among which there are no barriers to mating or to gene flow. akila 2010-03-11T12:49:50Z VSMO:0000085 genetic arthropod population A group of individuals of a given arthropod species among which there are no barriers to mating or to gene flow. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the approximate number of arthropods that are infected with a particular pathogen. COMMENT: Prevalence, rate or quantity of arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon, and the efficiency with which the arthropods transmit the pathogen to susceptible vertebrate hosts. akila 2010-03-11T12:53:33Z VSMO:0000086 estimation of pathogen infection in arthropods Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the approximate number of arthropods that are infected with a particular pathogen. COMMENT: Prevalence, rate or quantity of arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon, and the efficiency with which the arthropods transmit the pathogen to susceptible vertebrate hosts. VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the prevalence or rate of examined arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. akila 2010-03-11T12:54:11Z VSMO:0000087 estimation of pathogen infection prevalence or rate in arthropods Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the prevalence or rate of examined arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Infection rate based on testing for presence of a given pathogen in pooled samples of multiple individuals. COMMENT: When the infection rate can be assumed to be very low, testing for presence of the pathogen often is accomplished using samples containing multiple pooled individuals. This is common practice for surveillance of arboviruses in mosquitoes. For example, testing for West Nile virus commonly is done with pools containing up to 50 female mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-11T01:00:15Z VSMO:0000089 infection rate for pooled samples Infection rate based on testing for presence of a given pathogen in pooled samples of multiple individuals. COMMENT: When the infection rate can be assumed to be very low, testing for presence of the pathogen often is accomplished using samples containing multiple pooled individuals. This is common practice for surveillance of arboviruses in mosquitoes. For example, testing for West Nile virus commonly is done with pools containing up to 50 female mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors Variation of infection rate for pooled samples, designated the minimum infection rate (MIR), which is based on the assumption that each pool testing positive for the pathogen contains only a single infected individual. COMMENT: Used commonly for insects and typically expressed as infection rate per 1,000 individuals. The minimum infection rate is problematic when pool size is large or infection rate is high. akila 2010-03-11T01:01:13Z VSMO:0000090 minimum infection rate Variation of infection rate for pooled samples, designated the minimum infection rate (MIR), which is based on the assumption that each pool testing positive for the pathogen contains only a single infected individual. COMMENT: Used commonly for insects and typically expressed as infection rate per 1,000 individuals. The minimum infection rate is problematic when pool size is large or infection rate is high. VSMO:Authors Variation of infection rate for pooled samples, designated the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), which accounts for variable pool sizes in the rate calculation. COMMENT: Used commonly for insects and typically expressed as infection rate per 1,000 individuals. Can be calculated using the Excel Add In PooledInfRate, version 3.0 which was developed by Brad Biggerstaf of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA). akila 2010-03-11T01:02:25Z VSMO:0000091 maximum likelihood estimate infection rate Variation of infection rate for pooled samples, designated the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), which accounts for variable pool sizes in the rate calculation. COMMENT: Used commonly for insects and typically expressed as infection rate per 1,000 individuals. Can be calculated using the Excel Add In PooledInfRate, version 3.0 which was developed by Brad Biggerstaf of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA). VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of innocens. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-05-08T01:56:25Z VSMO:0000092 Simulium innocens A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of innocens. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of fallisi. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-05-08T01:58:40Z VSMO:0000099 Simulium fallisi A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of fallisi. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the quantity of arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. akila 2010-03-12T09:57:30Z VSMO:0000101 estimation of the quantity of infected arthropods Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the quantity of arthropods of a given taxon that are infected with a pathogen of a given taxon. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which refers to the number of individuals in one population estimated to be infected with a given pathogen as compared to those in another population. COMMENT: Abundance of infected arthropods commonly is calculated as the abundance of the arthropod times the pathogen infection rate determined for a subset of the collected arthropods. Examples include abundance of infected mosquitoes per trap night and abundance of infected ticks per hour of drag sampling. akila 2010-03-12T09:58:40Z VSMO:0000102 abundance of infected arthropods Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which refers to the number of individuals in one population estimated to be infected with a given pathogen as compared to those in another population. COMMENT: Abundance of infected arthropods commonly is calculated as the abundance of the arthropod times the pathogen infection rate determined for a subset of the collected arthropods. Examples include abundance of infected mosquitoes per trap night and abundance of infected ticks per hour of drag sampling. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods of Order Acari (ticks or mites), which refers to the relative density of infected individuals, expressed as infected ticks per unit area or distance to encounter an infected tick. akila 2010-03-12T10:39:08Z VSMO:0000103 acarological risk index Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods of Order Acari (ticks or mites), which refers to the relative density of infected individuals, expressed as infected ticks per unit area or distance to encounter an infected tick. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which refers to the estimated number of individuals per unit area, unit length, or unit volume that are infected with a given pathogen. COMMENT: Density of infected arthropods commonly is calculated as the relative density of the arthropod times the pathogen infection rate determined for a subset of the collected arthropods. Examples include density of infected ticks per 100 square meters. akila 2010-03-12T10:39:49Z VSMO:0000104 density of infected arthropods Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, which refers to the estimated number of individuals per unit area, unit length, or unit volume that are infected with a given pathogen. COMMENT: Density of infected arthropods commonly is calculated as the relative density of the arthropod times the pathogen infection rate determined for a subset of the collected arthropods. Examples include density of infected ticks per 100 square meters. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the entomological risk index, which refers to their abundance or relative density. COMMENT: The term entomological risk index (ERI) has been used for quantification of the abundance or relative density of infected ticks. The entomological risk index can be calculated as tick abundance (per unit time of sampling) or r tick relative density (per unit area) times the pathogen infection rate. It is expressed as infected ticks per minute of sampling (abundance) or infected ticks per 100 square meter sampled (relative density). akila 2010-03-12T10:40:15Z VSMO:0000105 entomological risk index Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the entomological risk index, which refers to their abundance or relative density. COMMENT: The term entomological risk index (ERI) has been used for quantification of the abundance or relative density of infected ticks. The entomological risk index can be calculated as tick abundance (per unit time of sampling) or r tick relative density (per unit area) times the pathogen infection rate. It is expressed as infected ticks per minute of sampling (abundance) or infected ticks per 100 square meter sampled (relative density). VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods, designated the vector index, which refers to the abundance of pathogen-infected individuals. COMMENT: The term Vector Index has come into use for surveillance of mosquitoes in the United States for viruses such as West Nile virus. The Vector Index is a variation on abundance of infected arthropods and aims to quantify the average number of infected mosquitoes collected per trap night. The Vector Index typically is calculated as the mean abundance of female mosquitoes of a given taxon collected per trap night times the estimated proportion of tested females that are infected with the pathogen of interest. akila 2010-03-12T10:40:39Z VSMO:0000106 vector index Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods, designated the vector index, which refers to the abundance of pathogen-infected individuals. COMMENT: The term Vector Index has come into use for surveillance of mosquitoes in the United States for viruses such as West Nile virus. The Vector Index is a variation on abundance of infected arthropods and aims to quantify the average number of infected mosquitoes collected per trap night. The Vector Index typically is calculated as the mean abundance of female mosquitoes of a given taxon collected per trap night times the estimated proportion of tested females that are infected with the pathogen of interest. VSMO:Authors Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites in the form of filarial worms. COMMENT: An infection with filarial worms may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. leisen 2010-05-21T01:58:36Z VSMO:0000107 determination of infection with filarial worm Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites in the form of filarial worms. COMMENT: An infection with filarial worms may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. ISBN:9781402066658 Quality of arthropod species, which refers to the intrinsic ability of the species to biologically transmit a pathogen. akila 2010-03-12T10:43:27Z IDOMAL:0001295 VSMO:0000108 vector competence Quality of arthropod species, which refers to the intrinsic ability of the species to biologically transmit a pathogen. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods, which refers to how efficiently a pathogen is transmitted by infected vectors of a given arthropod species. COMMENT: Needs to account for the extrinsic incubation period in vectors that take multiple blood meals in a single life stage (such as female fleas, reduviid bugs, mosquitoes or sand flies) or for transstadial passage of the pathogen from one life stage to the next for hard ticks (ixodid ticks) which take only a single blood meal per life stage. Because the terminology is poorly harmonized between different vectors, a breakdown by vector group is presented. akila 2010-03-12T10:43:50Z VSMO:0000109 vector efficiency Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods, which refers to how efficiently a pathogen is transmitted by infected vectors of a given arthropod species. COMMENT: Needs to account for the extrinsic incubation period in vectors that take multiple blood meals in a single life stage (such as female fleas, reduviid bugs, mosquitoes or sand flies) or for transstadial passage of the pathogen from one life stage to the next for hard ticks (ixodid ticks) which take only a single blood meal per life stage. Because the terminology is poorly harmonized between different vectors, a breakdown by vector group is presented. VSMO:Authors Measure of vector efficiency developed for mosquito vectors and applicable also to other insect vectors. akila 2010-03-12T10:44:33Z VSMO:0000110 vector efficiency of insect Measure of vector efficiency developed for mosquito vectors and applicable also to other insect vectors. VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of insects, designated the basic reproductive rate (R0), which refers to the transmissibility or spreading potential of an infectious agent in a population of insect vectors or vertebrates. COMMENT: In the case of insect vectors, it is defined as the average number of infected vectors in a totally susceptible population during a defined time period. Conceptually, R0 = b x k x D, where b is the infectivity rate of the vector, k is the number of potentially infectious contacts the average infected vector has per unit time and D is the duration of infectivity (infectious period) of the vector. If R0 < 1, then every new generation of infection will affect fewer individuals, and eventually the disease agent will disappear from the vector population. akila 2010-03-12T10:45:18Z VSMO:0000111 basic reproductive rate for infected insect vector Measure for vector efficiency of insects, designated the basic reproductive rate (R0), which refers to the transmissibility or spreading potential of an infectious agent in a population of insect vectors or vertebrates. COMMENT: In the case of insect vectors, it is defined as the average number of infected vectors in a totally susceptible population during a defined time period. Conceptually, R0 = b x k x D, where b is the infectivity rate of the vector, k is the number of potentially infectious contacts the average infected vector has per unit time and D is the duration of infectivity (infectious period) of the vector. If R0 < 1, then every new generation of infection will affect fewer individuals, and eventually the disease agent will disappear from the vector population. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of insects, designated the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), which estimates the number of infectious bites received per day by a human or, equivalently, the human biting rate (the number of bites per person per day by vectors) multiplied by the fraction of vectors that are infectious (infectivity rate). akila 2010-03-12T10:46:49Z IDOMAL:0000411 VSMO:0000112 entomological inoculation rate Measure for vector efficiency of insects, designated the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), which estimates the number of infectious bites received per day by a human or, equivalently, the human biting rate (the number of bites per person per day by vectors) multiplied by the fraction of vectors that are infectious (infectivity rate). VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of insects which refers to the proportion of insect vectors that are infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting a given pathogen while feeding. COMMENT: In mosquitoes, this rate often is approximated by examination of salivary glands or heads rather than by the more accurate but far more work intensive methods of feeding mosquitoes on susceptible hosts or examining expelled saliva. akila 2010-03-12T10:47:01Z VSMO:0000113 insect vector infectivity rate Measure for vector efficiency of insects which refers to the proportion of insect vectors that are infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting a given pathogen while feeding. COMMENT: In mosquitoes, this rate often is approximated by examination of salivary glands or heads rather than by the more accurate but far more work intensive methods of feeding mosquitoes on susceptible hosts or examining expelled saliva. VSMO:Authors Insect vector infectivity rate which refers specifically to sporozoites of protozoan parasites. akila 2010-03-12T10:47:52Z IDOMAL:0000407 VSMO:0000114 insect vector sporozoite rate Insect vector infectivity rate which refers specifically to sporozoites of protozoan parasites. VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of insects which refers to the average number of potentially infective bites that will ultimately be delivered by all the vectors feeding on a single infectious host in 1 day. COMMENT: Basically, vectorial capacity is the product of three components: feeding, survival rate and the length of the extrinsic incubation period. Vectorial capacity commonly is expressed by Macdonalds equation. akila 2010-03-12T10:48:31Z IDOMAL:0000412 IDOMAL:0001294 VSMO:0000115 insect vectorial capacity Measure for vector efficiency of insects which refers to the average number of potentially infective bites that will ultimately be delivered by all the vectors feeding on a single infectious host in 1 day. COMMENT: Basically, vectorial capacity is the product of three components: feeding, survival rate and the length of the extrinsic incubation period. Vectorial capacity commonly is expressed by Macdonalds equation. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of croxtoni. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi leisen 2012-05-08T02:05:09Z NCBITaxon:626797 VSMO:0000118 Simulium croxtoni A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of croxtoni. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf Measure of vector efficiency developed for hard tick vectors. akila 2010-03-12T12:40:44Z VSMO:0000126 vector efficiency of hard tick Measure of vector efficiency developed for hard tick vectors. VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of hard ticks which refers to the proportion of ticks of a given species that are infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting a given pathogen while feeding on a susceptible host. akila 2010-03-12T12:41:36Z VSMO:0000127 tick vector infectivity rate Measure for vector efficiency of hard ticks which refers to the proportion of ticks of a given species that are infectious, i.e. capable of transmitting a given pathogen while feeding on a susceptible host. VSMO:Authors The efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from a tick of a given species and life stage to a particular vertebrate species. akila 2010-03-12T12:42:27Z VSMO:0000128 specific tick vector infectivity rate The efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from a tick of a given species and life stage to a particular vertebrate species. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors Measure for vector efficiency of hard ticks which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular tick species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among susceptible vertebrates in a certain area. COMMENT: Determination of the vector capacity of a given tick species should include quantitative data on its abundance or density, the percentage of infected ticks, the likelihood that an infected tick transmits the pathogen, and tick infestation rates of susceptible hosts. akila 2010-03-12T12:42:55Z VSMO:0000129 tick vector capacity Measure for vector efficiency of hard ticks which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular tick species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among susceptible vertebrates in a certain area. COMMENT: Determination of the vector capacity of a given tick species should include quantitative data on its abundance or density, the percentage of infected ticks, the likelihood that an infected tick transmits the pathogen, and tick infestation rates of susceptible hosts. VSMO:Authors The proportional contribution made by a particular tick species to the natural prevalence among susceptible vertebrates in a certain area in relation to that of other examined tick species. akila 2010-03-12T12:43:52Z VSMO:0000130 relative tick vector capacity The proportional contribution made by a particular tick species to the natural prevalence among susceptible vertebrates in a certain area in relation to that of other examined tick species. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the host blood index, which is defined as the proportion of examined arthropods containing blood from a given vertebrate host species. akila 2010-03-12T12:46:30Z VSMO:0000132 arthropod host blood index Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the host blood index, which is defined as the proportion of examined arthropods containing blood from a given vertebrate host species. VSMO:Authors Host blood index relating specifically to human blood. akila 2010-03-12T12:46:53Z VSMO:0000133 arthropod human blood index Host blood index relating specifically to human blood. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Tensaw virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-05-08T03:14:04Z NCBITaxon:273347 VSMO:0000135 Tensaw virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Tensaw virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the feeding index (FI), which adjusts the host blood index or human blood index by accounting for the density of available vertebrate hosts of different taxa, host size, and temporal and spatial concurrence between the host and the vector. akila 2010-03-12T12:48:56Z VSMO:0000136 arthropod feeding index Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the feeding index (FI), which adjusts the host blood index or human blood index by accounting for the density of available vertebrate hosts of different taxa, host size, and temporal and spatial concurrence between the host and the vector. ISBN:9781402066658 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the forage ratio (FR), which adjusts the host blood index or human blood index by accounting for the number of available vertebrate hosts of different taxa. akila 2010-03-12T12:49:26Z VSMO:0000137 arthropod forage ratio Measure relating to aggregate of off-host arthropods, designated the forage ratio (FR), which adjusts the host blood index or human blood index by accounting for the number of available vertebrate hosts of different taxa. ISBN:9781402066658 VSMO:Authors Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the approximate number of vertebrates that are infected with a particular pathogen. akila 2010-03-12T12:50:49Z VSMO:0000139 estimation of pathogen infection in vertebrates Pathogen surveillance process aiming to determine the approximate number of vertebrates that are infected with a particular pathogen. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to host blood within an aggregate of arthropods. leisen 2012-08-15T10:19:57Z VSMO:0000140 measure relating to host blood in aggregate of arthropods Measure relating to host blood within an aggregate of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Estimate which refers to the average number of pathogens per infected individual. akila 2010-03-12T12:51:26Z VSMO:0000141 intensity of infection Estimate which refers to the average number of pathogens per infected individual. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to infection within an aggregate of arthropods. leisen 2012-08-15T10:20:54Z VSMO:0000142 measure relating to infection in aggregate of arthropods Measure relating to infection within an aggregate of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from infected vertebrates to feeding arthropods of a given taxon. COMMENT: Typically determined by xenodiagnosis where previously uninfected arthropods are fed upon infected vertebrates. akila 2010-03-12T12:58:39Z VSMO:0000143 measure of host infectivity Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from infected vertebrates to feeding arthropods of a given taxon. COMMENT: Typically determined by xenodiagnosis where previously uninfected arthropods are fed upon infected vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Host infectivity measure which refers to the proportion of arthropods of a given species and life stage that become infected while feeding on infected hosts. COMMENT: Most commonly used in relation to hard ticks. akila 2010-03-12T12:58:59Z VSMO:0000144 specific host infectivity Host infectivity measure which refers to the proportion of arthropods of a given species and life stage that become infected while feeding on infected hosts. COMMENT: Most commonly used in relation to hard ticks. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area. COMMENT: Determination of the amplification/reservoir host capacity of a given vertebrate species should include quantitative data on its density, its infectivity to feeding vectors, the duration of the infective period, how frequently it is fed upon by vectors and, in the case of ticks, feeding success and molting success. akila 2010-03-12T12:59:22Z VSMO:0000145 amplification/reservoir host capacity Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area. COMMENT: Determination of the amplification/reservoir host capacity of a given vertebrate species should include quantitative data on its density, its infectivity to feeding vectors, the duration of the infective period, how frequently it is fed upon by vectors and, in the case of ticks, feeding success and molting success. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors Amplification/reservoir host capacity measure which refers to the proportional contribution of a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area in relation to other examined amplification/reservoir host species. COMMENT: Also referred to as reservoir potential, For tick-borne pathogens, relative amplification/reservoir host capacity has minimally been based on data for host density, host infectivity, and mean abundance of ticks per host. akila 2010-03-12T01:00:30Z VSMO:0000146 relative amplification/reservoir host capacity Amplification/reservoir host capacity measure which refers to the proportional contribution of a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area in relation to other examined amplification/reservoir host species. COMMENT: Also referred to as reservoir potential, For tick-borne pathogens, relative amplification/reservoir host capacity has minimally been based on data for host density, host infectivity, and mean abundance of ticks per host. ISBN:0851996329 VSMO:Authors The process of taxonomically identifying a pathogenic organism. Owner 2010-03-15T11:16:25Z VSMO:0000148 pathogen identification The process of taxonomically identifying a pathogenic organism. VSMO:Authors An assay to detect or taxonomically identify target antigens. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in either vertebrates or arthropods. One weakness of this method is that it does not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material. Owner 2010-03-15T11:20:32Z SNOMEDCT:121276004 VSMO:0000151 antigen detection assay An assay to detect or taxonomically identify target antigens. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in either vertebrates or arthropods. One weakness of this method is that it does not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material. VSMO:Authors Taxonomic identification based on morphological features. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in either vertebrates or arthropods. This method may or may not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material depending on the pathogen examined, eg, with respect to motile versus non-motile pathogens. The method also can be used to taxonomically identify arthropods. Owner 2010-03-15T11:25:19Z VSMO:0000155 morphological taxonomic identification Taxonomic identification based on morphological features. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in either vertebrates or arthropods. This method may or may not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material depending on the pathogen examined, eg, with respect to motile versus non-motile pathogens. The method also can be used to taxonomically identify arthropods. VSMO:Authors Management with the goal of preventing bites by arthropods of species that may serve as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Vector management can be achieved by: (i) reducing abundance of arthropods which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reducing abundance of infected or infectious arthropods, (iii) preventing contact between infected/infectious arthropods and humans or other vertebrates, or (iv) preventing contact between arthropods which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors and infectious humans or other vertebrates. Owner 2010-03-15T11:43:29Z vector control VSMO:0000164 vector management Management with the goal of preventing bites by arthropods of species that may serve as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Vector management can be achieved by: (i) reducing abundance of arthropods which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reducing abundance of infected or infectious arthropods, (iii) preventing contact between infected/infectious arthropods and humans or other vertebrates, or (iv) preventing contact between arthropods which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors and infectious humans or other vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Use of a biological organism or a byproduct of a biological organism (biological pesticide) to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Numerous different biological control agents can be used to reduce populations of arthropod vectors. These include bacteria (for example Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis to control mosquito immatures), viruses (for example densoviruses to control mosquitoes), fungi (for example Metahizum anisopliae to control ixodid ticks), nematodes (for example Steinernema carpocapsae to control ixodid ticks), insect parasitoids (for example the parasitoid wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri which lays its eggs in ixodid ticks), invertebrate predators (for example Mesocyclops spp. crustaceans used to control mosquito immatures), and vertebrate predators (for example different species of fish used to control mosquito immatures). Other examples are the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce the life span of mosquito vectors and reduce the abundance of infectious females. Owner 2010-03-15T11:43:43Z VSMO:0000165 biological vector control Use of a biological organism or a byproduct of a biological organism (biological pesticide) to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Numerous different biological control agents can be used to reduce populations of arthropod vectors. These include bacteria (for example Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis to control mosquito immatures), viruses (for example densoviruses to control mosquitoes), fungi (for example Metahizum anisopliae to control ixodid ticks), nematodes (for example Steinernema carpocapsae to control ixodid ticks), insect parasitoids (for example the parasitoid wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri which lays its eggs in ixodid ticks), invertebrate predators (for example Mesocyclops spp. crustaceans used to control mosquito immatures), and vertebrate predators (for example different species of fish used to control mosquito immatures). Other examples are the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce the life span of mosquito vectors and reduce the abundance of infectious females. VSMO:Authors Use of a chemical pesticide to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Use of a chemical agent to (i) reduce abundance of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) prevent contact between infected/infectious arthropods and humans or other vertebrates, or (iii) prevent contact between arthropods and infectious humans or other vertebrates. Owner 2010-03-15T11:44:19Z VSMO:0000166 chemical vector control Use of a chemical pesticide to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Use of a chemical agent to (i) reduce abundance of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) prevent contact between infected/infectious arthropods and humans or other vertebrates, or (iii) prevent contact between arthropods and infectious humans or other vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Change of the outdoor physical environment with the goal to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors COMMENT: Examples include draining of mosquito larval habitat for anophelines, removal of artificial containers serving as larval development sites for Aedes aegypti, or brush removal to remove habitat for hard ticks. Owner 2010-03-15T11:49:37Z Habitat Control VSMO:0000167 outdoor environmental vector control Change of the outdoor physical environment with the goal to reduce the number of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors COMMENT: Examples include draining of mosquito larval habitat for anophelines, removal of artificial containers serving as larval development sites for Aedes aegypti, or brush removal to remove habitat for hard ticks. VSMO:Authors A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of arthropods, which have the role of serving as biological pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Process to determine: (i) if a given arthropod species, the individuals of which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors, is present and how commonly it occurs; or (ii) specific characteristics of the arthropod. Such a process can provide information on risk for exposure to vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Owner 2010-03-15T11:51:11Z VSMO:0000169 vector surveillance A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of arthropods, which have the role of serving as biological pathogen vectors. COMMENT: Process to determine: (i) if a given arthropod species, the individuals of which are capable of serving as pathogen vectors, is present and how commonly it occurs; or (ii) specific characteristics of the arthropod. Such a process can provide information on risk for exposure to vectors and vector-borne pathogens. VSMO:Authors Process to quantify the number of individuals of an arthropod species. Owner 2010-03-15T11:55:45Z VSMO:0000170 determination of arthropod abundance Process to quantify the number of individuals of an arthropod species. VSMO:Authors Process to quantify the numbers of individuals of an arthropod species while they are off-host (not in contact with a host). Owner 2010-03-15T11:56:03Z VSMO:0000171 determination of off-host arthropod abundance Process to quantify the numbers of individuals of an arthropod species while they are off-host (not in contact with a host). VSMO:Authors Process to quantify the numbers of individuals of an arthropod species while they are on-host (in direct contact with a host). Owner 2010-03-15T11:56:38Z VSMO:0000172 determination of on-host arthropod abundance Process to quantify the numbers of individuals of an arthropod species while they are on-host (in direct contact with a host). VSMO:Authors The process of estimating the age of a mosquito. Owner 2010-03-15T11:58:12Z VSMO:0000173 mosquito age-grading The process of estimating the age of a mosquito. VSMO:Authors Process of determining the vertebrate taxon which was the source of the blood meal contained in an arthropod. COMMENT: Used, for example, to assess the proportion of arthropods of a given species that feed on humans or on vertebrates serving as important pathogen amplification/reservoir hosts. Owner 2010-03-15T11:58:41Z VSMO:0000174 identification of source of blood meal in arthropod Process of determining the vertebrate taxon which was the source of the blood meal contained in an arthropod. COMMENT: Used, for example, to assess the proportion of arthropods of a given species that feed on humans or on vertebrates serving as important pathogen amplification/reservoir hosts. VSMO:Authors Process of estimating the distance an individual arthropod has moved during a given time period. Owner 2010-03-15T11:59:16Z VSMO:0000175 determination of arthropod movement Process of estimating the distance an individual arthropod has moved during a given time period. VSMO:Authors Process aiming to determine whether, and to what extent, a collection of individuals are resistant to a pesticide. COMMENT: Test methods used to assess pesticide resistance in arthropods include bioassays, biochemical assays and molecular assays. Owner 2010-03-15T12:00:23Z VSMO:0000178 assessment of pesticide resistance Process aiming to determine whether, and to what extent, a collection of individuals are resistant to a pesticide. COMMENT: Test methods used to assess pesticide resistance in arthropods include bioassays, biochemical assays and molecular assays. VSMO:Authors Equipment used to collect the eggs of an arthropod. leisen 2010-05-26T08:43:29Z VSMO:0000179 equipment for collection of arthropod eggs Equipment used to collect the eggs of an arthropod. VSMO:Authors The process of taxonomically identifying an organism. Owner 2010-03-15T12:02:53Z Biological classification VSMO:0000180 taxonomic identification The process of taxonomically identifying an organism. VSMO:Authors Biological classification URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification Management process with the purpose of reducing contact between arthropods and pathogen reservoirs. Comment: This can be achieved by reducing the abundance of vertebrates capable of serving as blood hosts for arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or directly as pathogen reservoirs or (ii) reducing the abundance of infected vertebrate reservoirs. Owner 2010-03-15T01:41:31Z VSMO:0000182 pathogen reservoir management Management process with the purpose of reducing contact between arthropods and pathogen reservoirs. Comment: This can be achieved by reducing the abundance of vertebrates capable of serving as blood hosts for arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or directly as pathogen reservoirs or (ii) reducing the abundance of infected vertebrate reservoirs. VSMO:Authors A process with the objective of eliminating pathogen infections by administering a antimicrobial substance in vivo. Owner 2010-03-15T01:42:15Z VSMO:0000184 antimicrobial prophylaxis A process with the objective of eliminating pathogen infections by administering a antimicrobial substance in vivo. VSMO:Authors Process where a vertebrate is treated with an antimicrobial substance to eliminate a pathogen infection. Owner 2010-03-15T01:42:37Z VSMO:0000185 antimicrobial treatment Process where a vertebrate is treated with an antimicrobial substance to eliminate a pathogen infection. VSMO:Authors Vaccination process in which a needle is used to deliver the vaccine. Owner 2010-03-15T01:43:32Z VSMO:0000187 needle vaccination Vaccination process in which a needle is used to deliver the vaccine. VSMO:Authors A planned process with the objective to reduce the abundance of vertebrates within a geographic area. Owner 2010-03-15T01:44:35Z VSMO:0000189 [VSMO:Authors] It can be user to reduce the number of blood hosts for arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or directly as pathogen reservoirs. vertebrate reduction A planned process with the objective to reduce the abundance of vertebrates within a geographic area. VSMO:Authors Reduction of vertebrate population within a given geographic area by killing of animals. Owner 2010-03-15T01:45:40Z VSMO:0000190 culling Reduction of vertebrate population within a given geographic area by killing of animals. VSMO:Authors Reduction of vertebrate population within a given geographic area by exclusion of animals through fencing. Owner 2010-03-15T01:46:17Z VSMO:0000191 fencing Reduction of vertebrate population within a given geographic area by exclusion of animals through fencing. VSMO:Authors A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of vertebrate animals, which have the role of serving as hosts for arthropod ectoparasites or for pathogens. Owner 2010-03-15T01:47:13Z VSMO:0000192 vertebrate host surveillance A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of vertebrate animals, which have the role of serving as hosts for arthropod ectoparasites or for pathogens. VSMO:Authors Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of parasites of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. leisen 2012-10-03T12:06:48Z VSMO:0000193 parasite aggregate Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of parasites of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. VSMO:Auhtors Life stage of Plasmodium that can be encountered in an arthropod. leisen 2010-05-21T09:32:51Z IDOMAL:0000301 VSMO:0000196 life stage of Plasmodium in vector Life stage of Plasmodium that can be encountered in an arthropod. VSMO:Authors The biological process of a parasite of the Genus Plasmodium completing its life cycle, including the different metamorphic stages (life stages). Owner 2010-03-15T02:21:21Z IDOMAL:0000109 VSMO:0000197 Plasmodium parasite life course The biological process of a parasite of the Genus Plasmodium completing its life cycle, including the different metamorphic stages (life stages). VSMO:Authors Deinocerites is a Genus in Family Culicidae. leisen 2012-06-05T08:58:43Z NCBITaxon:53524 VSMO:0000198 Deinocerites Deinocerites is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites in the form of Plasmodium. COMMENT: An infection with malaria parasites may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. leisen 2010-05-21T01:58:36Z VSMO:0000199 determination of infection with malarial parasite Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites in the form of Plasmodium. COMMENT: An infection with malaria parasites may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. VSMO:Authors Screening material treated with a pesticide substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals by erecting a physical barrier and by killing action. leisen 2010-05-21T10:23:06Z VSMO:0000200 pesticide-treated screening material Screening material treated with a pesticide substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals by erecting a physical barrier and by killing action. VSMO:Authors Life stage of Plasmodium that occurs in the blood of the vertebrate. Owner 2010-03-15T02:28:04Z IDOMAL:0000308 VSMO:0000201 erythrocytic life stage of Plasmodium in vertebrate Life stage of Plasmodium that occurs in the blood of the vertebrate. VSMO:Authors Life stage of Plasmodium that occurs outside of the blood of the vertebrate. Owner 2010-03-15T02:53:30Z IDOMAL:0000303 VSMO:0000202 exoerythrocytic life stage of Plasmodium in vertebrate Life stage of Plasmodium that occurs outside of the blood of the vertebrate. VSMO:Authors Quality that refers to a single arthropod individual. Owner 2010-03-15T02:54:31Z VSMO:0000203 quality of individual arthropod Quality that refers to a single arthropod individual. VSMO:Authors Female insect that contains a fresh blood meal or other meal but that has not yet reached the gonotrophic status of half gravid. Owner 2010-03-15T02:56:20Z VSMO:0000207 freshly fed female insect Female insect that contains a fresh blood meal or other meal but that has not yet reached the gonotrophic status of half gravid. VSMO:Authors Female insect that has reached the gonotrophic status of gravid. Owner 2010-03-15T02:56:42Z VSMO:0000208 fed and gravid female insect Female insect that has reached the gonotrophic status of gravid. VSMO:Authors Female insect that does not contain fresh blood or other food substance and is neither half gravid nor gravid. Owner 2010-03-15T02:57:25Z VSMO:0000210 unfed female insect Female insect that does not contain fresh blood or other food substance and is neither half gravid nor gravid. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines feeding and gonotrophic status of a female mosquito according to the classification by Sella's stage for blood and ovaries. Owner 2010-03-15T02:58:14Z VSMO:0000211 Sella's stage Quality of individual arthropod which defines feeding and gonotrophic status of a female mosquito according to the classification by Sella's stage for blood and ovaries. ISBN:9241700130 VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines the reproductive status of a female insect. Owner 2010-03-15T02:59:25Z VSMO:0000212 parity status of female insect Quality of individual arthropod which defines the reproductive status of a female insect. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Female that has never reproduced. Owner 2010-03-15T03:00:09Z PATO:0002368 VSMO:0000213 nulliparous Female that has never reproduced. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Female that has reproduced. Owner 2010-03-15T03:00:18Z EFO:0002947 VSMO:0000214 parous Female that has reproduced. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Female that has reproduced on a single occasion. Owner 2010-03-15T03:01:18Z VSMO:0000215 uniparous Female that has reproduced on a single occasion. VSMO:Authors Female that has reproduced on multiple occasions. Owner 2010-03-15T03:01:48Z PATO:0002369 VSMO:0000216 multiparous Female that has reproduced on multiple occasions. VSMO:Authors Female insect that contains a fresh blood meal or other meal or is half gravid or gravid. Owner 2010-03-15T06:25:34Z VSMO:0000218 fed female insect Female insect that contains a fresh blood meal or other meal or is half gravid or gravid. VSMO:Authors A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Usutu virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa and Europe. 2012-06-18T08:13:48Z NCBITaxon:64286 VSMO:0000220 Usutu virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Usutu virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa and Europe. ISBN:9780123737328 VSMO:Authors Any malaria parasite of the genus Plasmodium which infects humans and causes human malaria: COMMENT: Plasmodium of human includes Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax. Human malaria also can be caused on rare occasions by Plasmodium knowlesi, which occurs naturally in monkeys. 2012-04-18T08:22:45Z VSMO:0000221 Plasmodium of human Any malaria parasite of the genus Plasmodium which infects humans and causes human malaria: COMMENT: Plasmodium of human includes Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax. Human malaria also can be caused on rare occasions by Plasmodium knowlesi, which occurs naturally in monkeys. ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:9780123725004 The biological process of an arthropod completing its life cycle, including the different metamorphic stages (life stages). Owner 2010-03-15T06:30:04Z VSMO:0000222 arthropod life course The biological process of an arthropod completing its life cycle, including the different metamorphic stages (life stages). ISBN:0124732763 ISBN:0195059107 ISBN:0849302129 VSMO:Authors Life course of insect which has an ametabolous metamorphosis (lacks external metamorphosis). COMMENT: Ametabolous insects include lice. Life stages include egg, nymph (multiple instars), and adult. Owner 2010-03-15T06:30:52Z VSMO:0000223 life course of ametabolous insect Life course of insect which has an ametabolous metamorphosis (lacks external metamorphosis). COMMENT: Ametabolous insects include lice. Life stages include egg, nymph (multiple instars), and adult. ISBN:0849302129 VSMO:Authors The immature life stage (nymph) of arthropods that hatches from the egg or follows upon the larval stage and precedes the adult stage. COMMENT: Terrestrial stage for arthropods serving as pathogen vectors. The nymph may or may not be parasitic (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (ametabolous insects, paurometabolous insects, and soft ticks). Owner 2010-03-15T06:31:35Z VSMO:0000225 arthropod nymphal stage The immature life stage (nymph) of arthropods that hatches from the egg or follows upon the larval stage and precedes the adult stage. COMMENT: Terrestrial stage for arthropods serving as pathogen vectors. The nymph may or may not be parasitic (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (ametabolous insects, paurometabolous insects, and soft ticks). VSMO:Authors The process of collecting arthropods by means of spraying a pyrethrum-based product. COMMENT: Used extensively for indoor collection of anopheline mosquitoes. leisen 2012-08-14T12:26:21Z VSMO:0000226 pyrethrum space spray collection The process of collecting arthropods by means of spraying a pyrethrum-based product. COMMENT: Used extensively for indoor collection of anopheline mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors Life course of insect which has a holometabolous (complete) metamorphosis. COMMENT: Holometabolous insects include dipterans (biting midges, blackflies, mosquitoes, phlebotomine sandflies and tsetse flies) and fleas. Life stages include egg, larva (multiple instars), pupa, and adult. Owner 2010-03-15T06:34:10Z VSMO:0000229 life course of holometabolous insect Life course of insect which has a holometabolous (complete) metamorphosis. COMMENT: Holometabolous insects include dipterans (biting midges, blackflies, mosquitoes, phlebotomine sandflies and tsetse flies) and fleas. Life stages include egg, larva (multiple instars), pupa, and adult. ISBN:0849302129 VSMO:Authors The immature life stage (larva) of holometabolous insects that hatches from the egg and precedes the immature pupal stage. COMMENT: Larvae of holometabolous insect vectors may be aquatic to semiaquatic (biting midges, blackflies, mosquitoes) or terrestrial (fleas, phlebotomine sandflies and the third larval instar of tsetse flies for which first and second larval instars develop within the female). The larva does not engage in blood feeding. Owner 2010-03-15T06:34:49Z VSMO:0000231 insect larval stage The immature life stage (larva) of holometabolous insects that hatches from the egg and precedes the immature pupal stage. COMMENT: Larvae of holometabolous insect vectors may be aquatic to semiaquatic (biting midges, blackflies, mosquitoes) or terrestrial (fleas, phlebotomine sandflies and the third larval instar of tsetse flies for which first and second larval instars develop within the female). The larva does not engage in blood feeding. VSMO:Authors The first developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the hatch of the egg. Owner 2010-03-15T06:35:26Z VSMO:0000233 1st instar mosquito larval stage The first developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the hatch of the egg. VSMO:Authors The second developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the first instar larva. Owner 2010-03-15T06:35:47Z VSMO:0000234 2nd instar mosquito larval stage The second developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the first instar larva. VSMO:Authors The third developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the second instar larva. Owner 2010-03-15T06:36:09Z VSMO:0000235 3rd instar mosquito larval stage The third developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the second instar larva. VSMO:Authors The immature life stage (pupa) of holometabolous insects that follows upon the larval stage and precedes the adult stage. COMMENT: The pupa may be aquatic to semiaquatic (dipteran vectors) or terrestrial (fleas) and does not engage in blood feeding. Owner 2010-03-15T06:37:35Z VSMO:0000237 insect pupal stage The immature life stage (pupa) of holometabolous insects that follows upon the larval stage and precedes the adult stage. COMMENT: The pupa may be aquatic to semiaquatic (dipteran vectors) or terrestrial (fleas) and does not engage in blood feeding. VSMO:Authors Quality that refers to a species of arthropod. leisen 2012-08-15T09:07:28Z VSMO:0000238 quality of arthropod species true Quality that refers to a species of arthropod. VSMO:Authors Life course of insect which has a paurometabolous (gradual) metamorphosis. COMMENT: Paurometabolous insect vectors include true bugs. Life stages include egg, nymph (multiple instars), and adult. Owner 2010-03-15T06:44:40Z VSMO:0000241 life course of paurometabolous insect Life course of insect which has a paurometabolous (gradual) metamorphosis. COMMENT: Paurometabolous insect vectors include true bugs. Life stages include egg, nymph (multiple instars), and adult. ISBN:0849302129 VSMO:Authors Quality that refers to a single vertebrate individual. leisen 2012-08-14T04:18:38Z VSMO:0000244 quality of individual vertebrate Quality that refers to a single vertebrate individual. VSMO:Authors Life course of an arachnid with the taxonomic classification of tick. COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. Owner 2010-03-15T06:47:33Z VSMO:0000247 life course of tick Life course of an arachnid with the taxonomic classification of tick. COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. ISBN:0195059107 VSMO:Authors The fourth and final developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the third instar larva. akila 2010-03-16T10:01:13Z VSMO:0000251 4th instar mosquito larval stage The fourth and final developmental stage of a mosquito larva, following upon the molt of the third instar larva. VSMO:Authors The process of applying a repellent substance to the skin. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally or synthetically derived chemical compounds can be used as repellents on skin to prevent arthropods from contacting humans. leisen 2012-08-14T11:32:52Z VSMO:0000252 use of topical repellent on skin The process of applying a repellent substance to the skin. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally or synthetically derived chemical compounds can be used as repellents on skin to prevent arthropods from contacting humans. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual vertebrate which defines its pathogen infection status. leisen 2012-08-14T04:20:11Z VSMO:0000253 vertebrate infection status Quality of individual vertebrate which defines its pathogen infection status. VSMO:Authors Life course of tick belonging to Family Ixodidae (hard ticks). COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. akila 2010-03-16T10:09:04Z VSMO:0000254 life course of hard tick Life course of tick belonging to Family Ixodidae (hard ticks). COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. ISBN:0195059107 VSMO:Authors Life course of tick belonging to Family Argasidae (soft ticks). COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph (multiple sub-stages), and adult. akila 2010-03-16T10:16:06Z VSMO:0000255 life course of soft tick Life course of tick belonging to Family Argasidae (soft ticks). COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph (multiple sub-stages), and adult. ISBN:0195059107 VSMO:Authors Life course of an arachnid with the taxonomic classification of mite. COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The larval stage is the primary vector of pathogens. akila 2010-03-16T10:27:41Z VSMO:0000256 life course of mite Life course of an arachnid with the taxonomic classification of mite. COMMENT: Life stages include egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The larval stage is the primary vector of pathogens. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines the sequential number of generations since an original field collection. akila 2010-03-16T10:32:01Z VSMO:0000257 arthropod generation Quality of individual arthropod which defines the sequential number of generations since an original field collection. VSMO:Authors Aggregate of individuals in a parental generation. COMMENT: For arthropods, in the form of (1) field-collected adults or (2) adults raised from field-collected eggs or immatures. akila 2010-03-16T10:32:57Z VSMO:0000258 F0 Aggregate of individuals in a parental generation. COMMENT: For arthropods, in the form of (1) field-collected adults or (2) adults raised from field-collected eggs or immatures. VSMO:Authors First filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F0 parental generation. akila 2010-03-16T10:33:08Z VSMO:0000259 F1 First filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F0 parental generation. VSMO:Authors Second filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F1 generation. akila 2010-03-16T10:33:20Z VSMO:0000260 F2 Second filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F1 generation. VSMO:Authors Third filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F2 generation. akila 2010-03-16T10:33:32Z VSMO:0000261 F3 Third filial generation resulting from interbreeding of the F2 generation. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual adult arthropod which distinguishes between female and male. akila 2010-03-16T10:34:05Z VSMO:0000262 arthropod sex Quality of individual adult arthropod which distinguishes between female and male. VSMO:Authors Quality, in the form of a measure, which refers to a group of arthropods. akila 2010-03-16T10:38:32Z VSMO:0000264 measure relating to aggregate of arthropods Quality, in the form of a measure, which refers to a group of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Individual which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in some part(s) of its body. COMMENT: An infected arthropod may or may not be able to transmit pathogens while feeding depending on where in its body pathogens are present; and an infected vertebrate may or may not be able to transmit pathogens to feeding arthropods. akila 2010-03-16T10:42:15Z IDO:0000460 VSMO:0000268 infected Individual which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in some part(s) of its body. COMMENT: An infected arthropod may or may not be able to transmit pathogens while feeding depending on where in its body pathogens are present; and an infected vertebrate may or may not be able to transmit pathogens to feeding arthropods. VSMO:Authors Individual which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in numbers that allows for transmission. COMMENT: Including an arthropod which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in a part of its body that allows for transmission to a vertebrate host while the arthropod is feeding; and a vertebrate which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in numbers that allows for transmission to feeding arthropods. akila 2010-03-16T10:42:36Z VSMO:0000269 infectious Individual which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in numbers that allows for transmission. COMMENT: Including an arthropod which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in a part of its body that allows for transmission to a vertebrate host while the arthropod is feeding; and a vertebrate which carries one or several pathogenic microorganisms in numbers that allows for transmission to feeding arthropods. VSMO:Authors Quality relating to how a pesticide is formulated for distribution. akila 2010-03-16T10:43:12Z VSMO:0000270 quality of pesticide formulation Quality relating to how a pesticide is formulated for distribution. VSMO:Authors Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to the physical characteristic of how the pesticide is formulated for distribution. COMMENT: The active ingredient (AI) of a pesticide is very rarely used in pure form; it is rather broadcast in a low concentration formulation that combines the AI with other substances (adjuvants, wetting agents, adhesives, spreaders, synergists, etc) that improves the performance of the formulation. akila 2010-03-16T10:43:28Z VSMO:0000271 physical characteristic of pesticide formulation Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to the physical characteristic of how the pesticide is formulated for distribution. COMMENT: The active ingredient (AI) of a pesticide is very rarely used in pure form; it is rather broadcast in a low concentration formulation that combines the AI with other substances (adjuvants, wetting agents, adhesives, spreaders, synergists, etc) that improves the performance of the formulation. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in an encapsulated form to produce a slow release of the active ingredient. COMMENT: The active ingredient is enclosed in a capsule or microcapsule of a material such as polyamide, neoprene, polyvinal dichloride or polyester. Once applied, the active ingredient can diffuse from the matrix. akila 2010-03-16T10:44:25Z VSMO:0000273 pesticide capsule Pesticide formulation which is distributed in an encapsulated form to produce a slow release of the active ingredient. COMMENT: The active ingredient is enclosed in a capsule or microcapsule of a material such as polyamide, neoprene, polyvinal dichloride or polyester. Once applied, the active ingredient can diffuse from the matrix. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a dust and where an inert carrier is used to disperse the active ingredient. COMMENT: Examples of inert carriers include talc, fine clay, or diatomaceous earth. Dusts penetrate dense foliage better than sprays, and also are less likely to damage plants. Dusts usually have a shorter residual effect than other formulations. akila 2010-03-16T10:44:54Z VSMO:0000274 pesticide dust Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a dust and where an inert carrier is used to disperse the active ingredient. COMMENT: Examples of inert carriers include talc, fine clay, or diatomaceous earth. Dusts penetrate dense foliage better than sprays, and also are less likely to damage plants. Dusts usually have a shorter residual effect than other formulations. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of granules and where an inert carrier is used to disperse the active ingredient. COMMENT: Examples of inert carriers include porous materials such as clay, corn cobs, and walnut shells. Granules are much larger than dust particles and therefore are less prone to drift. akila 2010-03-16T10:45:09Z VSMO:0000275 pesticide granule Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of granules and where an inert carrier is used to disperse the active ingredient. COMMENT: Examples of inert carriers include porous materials such as clay, corn cobs, and walnut shells. Granules are much larger than dust particles and therefore are less prone to drift. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a solid material containing the active ingredient. akila 2010-03-16T10:45:20Z VSMO:0000276 pesticide solid Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a solid material containing the active ingredient. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a bait cube containing the active ingredient. COMMENT: Bait cubes are edible or attractive substances containing a pesticide active ingredient. Examples include oral baits offered to rodents in order to control infestations of ectoparasites such as fleas and ticks. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000277 pesticide bait cube Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a bait cube containing the active ingredient. COMMENT: Bait cubes are edible or attractive substances containing a pesticide active ingredient. Examples include oral baits offered to rodents in order to control infestations of ectoparasites such as fleas and ticks. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a briquette containing the active ingredient. COMMENT: Briquettes may, for example, be designed for floating on water surfaces for slow-release of the active ingredient contained within the briquette. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000278 pesticide briquette Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a briquette containing the active ingredient. COMMENT: Briquettes may, for example, be designed for floating on water surfaces for slow-release of the active ingredient contained within the briquette. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a coil which releases the active ingredient when it is burned. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000279 pesticide coil Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a coil which releases the active ingredient when it is burned. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a mat which releases the active ingredient when it is heated. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000280 pesticide mat Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a mat which releases the active ingredient when it is heated. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a paper which releases the active ingredient at room temperature or when it is burned. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000281 pesticide paper Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a paper which releases the active ingredient at room temperature or when it is burned. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a plastic which releases the active ingredient at room temperature or when it is heated. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000282 pesticide plastic Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a plastic which releases the active ingredient at room temperature or when it is heated. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a tablet which releases the active ingredient when it is placed in water. akila 2010-03-16T10:50:59Z VSMO:0000283 pesticide tablet Pesticide formulation which is distributed as a solid material in the form of a tablet which releases the active ingredient when it is placed in water. VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a soluble powder mixed with water. COMMENT: Pesticide soluble powders form a true solution when mixed with water. Although soluble powders contain wetting agents, they contain no solvents and therefore are less likely to cause plant injury than are emulsifiable sprays containing solvents. Constant agitation is necessary when using this formulation; otherwise, particles settle on the bottom of the spray tank. akila 2010-03-16T11:49:03Z VSMO:0000284 pesticide soluble powder formulation Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a soluble powder mixed with water. COMMENT: Pesticide soluble powders form a true solution when mixed with water. Although soluble powders contain wetting agents, they contain no solvents and therefore are less likely to cause plant injury than are emulsifiable sprays containing solvents. Constant agitation is necessary when using this formulation; otherwise, particles settle on the bottom of the spray tank. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a wettable powder mixed with water. COMMENT: Pesticide wettable powders form a suspension rather than a true solution when mixed with water. Although wettable powders contain wetting agents, they contain no solvents and therefore are less likely to cause plant injury than are emulsifiable sprays containing solvents. Constant agitation is necessary when using this formulation; otherwise, particles settle on the bottom of the spray tank. akila 2010-03-16T11:49:20Z VSMO:0000285 pesticide wettable powder formulation Pesticide formulation which is distributed in the form of a wettable powder mixed with water. COMMENT: Pesticide wettable powders form a suspension rather than a true solution when mixed with water. Although wettable powders contain wetting agents, they contain no solvents and therefore are less likely to cause plant injury than are emulsifiable sprays containing solvents. Constant agitation is necessary when using this formulation; otherwise, particles settle on the bottom of the spray tank. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation in which the active ingredient is diluted with a solvent to form a solution, i.e., a mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never settles out. COMMENT: Solutions used for pesticide control can be water-based or oil-based and broadcast by different means including as ultra-low volume (ULV) sprays. akila 2010-03-16T11:51:41Z VSMO:0000287 pesticide solution Pesticide formulation in which the active ingredient is diluted with a solvent to form a solution, i.e., a mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never settles out. COMMENT: Solutions used for pesticide control can be water-based or oil-based and broadcast by different means including as ultra-low volume (ULV) sprays. VSMO:Authors Pesticide solution in which the active ingredient is dispersed in very small droplets (less than 50 micrometers in diameter) via a pressurized system as an aerosol spray. COMMENT: Also referred to as space spray, fog or mist. akila 2010-03-16T11:52:28Z fog mist space spray VSMO:0000288 pesticide aerosol spray Pesticide solution in which the active ingredient is dispersed in very small droplets (less than 50 micrometers in diameter) via a pressurized system as an aerosol spray. COMMENT: Also referred to as space spray, fog or mist. VSMO:Authors Pesticide aerosol spray for which oil or petroleum is used as the solvent. akila 2010-03-16T11:52:46Z VSMO:0000289 oil-based pesticide aerosol spray Pesticide aerosol spray for which oil or petroleum is used as the solvent. VSMO:Authors Pesticide aerosol spray for which water is used as the solvent. akila 2010-03-16T11:53:13Z VSMO:0000290 water-based pesticide aerosol spray Pesticide aerosol spray for which water is used as the solvent. VSMO:Authors Pesticide solution in which the active ingredient and an emulsifying agent are dissolved in an organic solvent that can then be mixed with water. COMMENT: After the water and solvent evaporate from a sprayed surface, the remaining insecticide adheres to the sprayed surface. akila 2010-03-16T11:54:15Z VSMO:0000291 pesticide emulsifiable concentrate Pesticide solution in which the active ingredient and an emulsifying agent are dissolved in an organic solvent that can then be mixed with water. COMMENT: After the water and solvent evaporate from a sprayed surface, the remaining insecticide adheres to the sprayed surface. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Pesticide formulation in which the active ingredient is diluted with a solvent to form a suspension, i.e., a heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of the solvent-like phase at some point in time after their introduction. akila 2010-03-16T11:54:59Z VSMO:0000292 pesticide suspension Pesticide formulation in which the active ingredient is diluted with a solvent to form a suspension, i.e., a heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of the solvent-like phase at some point in time after their introduction. VSMO:Authors Pesticide suspension in which an active ingredient that can be formulated only as a solid or a semisolid is ground and mixed with a liquid to form a suspension referred to as flowable. COMMENT: Flowables can be added to water and need only moderate agitation to mix. akila 2010-03-16T11:55:49Z VSMO:0000293 pesticide flowable suspension Pesticide suspension in which an active ingredient that can be formulated only as a solid or a semisolid is ground and mixed with a liquid to form a suspension referred to as flowable. COMMENT: Flowables can be added to water and need only moderate agitation to mix. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to how rapidly the active ingredient is released from the distributed formulation. akila 2010-03-16T11:56:34Z VSMO:0000294 release rate of pesticide formulation Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to how rapidly the active ingredient is released from the distributed formulation. VSMO:Authors Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to a rapid release of the active ingredient after the pesticide formulation is distributed. COMMENT: Examples of rapid release pesticide formulations include dusts, granules, powders, and aerosol sprays. akila 2010-03-16T11:57:08Z VSMO:0000295 rapid release rate of pesticide formulation Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to a rapid release of the active ingredient after the pesticide formulation is distributed. COMMENT: Examples of rapid release pesticide formulations include dusts, granules, powders, and aerosol sprays. VSMO:Authors Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to a slow release of the active ingredient after the pesticide formulation is distributed. COMMENT: A slow release pesticide formulation blends an active ingredient with a material from which it will evaporate or be released at a controlled rate over time. Examples of slow release pesticide formulations include solid materials containing active ingredient (bait cube, briquette, coil, paper, plastic, etc) and microencapsulation of active ingredient in a material such as polyamide, neoprene, polyvinal dichloride or polyester. akila 2010-03-16T11:57:49Z VSMO:0000296 slow release rate of pesticide formulation Quality of pesticide formulation which refers to a slow release of the active ingredient after the pesticide formulation is distributed. COMMENT: A slow release pesticide formulation blends an active ingredient with a material from which it will evaporate or be released at a controlled rate over time. Examples of slow release pesticide formulations include solid materials containing active ingredient (bait cube, briquette, coil, paper, plastic, etc) and microencapsulation of active ingredient in a material such as polyamide, neoprene, polyvinal dichloride or polyester. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of virus particles of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. leisen 2012-10-03T12:07:41Z VSMO:0000297 virus aggregate Aggregate of microorganisms in the form of virus particles of a given taxon that are present within an individual organism. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. akila 2010-03-16T12:16:48Z VSMO:0000299 bacterial pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a flea vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:20:38Z VSMO:0000303 bacterial flea borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a flea vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a louse vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:20:38Z VSMO:0000304 bacterial louse borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a louse vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:20:38Z VSMO:0000306 bacterial phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:22:15Z VSMO:0000310 bacterial hard tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:22:37Z VSMO:0000311 bacterial soft tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mite vector. akila 2010-03-16T12:23:34Z VSMO:0000312 bacterial mite borne pathogen of human A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mite vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. akila 2010-03-16T12:34:01Z VSMO:0000313 bacterial pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a flea vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:24:33Z VSMO:0000319 bacterial flea borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a flea vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:25:49Z VSMO:0000326 bacterial hard tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:26:02Z VSMO:0000327 bacterial soft tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a bacterial pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. akila 2010-03-19T10:29:56Z VSMO:0000330 protozoan pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:32:53Z VSMO:0000336 protozoan mosquito borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:32:53Z VSMO:0000337 protozoan phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a true bug vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:32:53Z VSMO:0000338 protozoan true bug borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a true bug vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:32:53Z VSMO:0000339 protozoan tsetse fly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:34:47Z VSMO:0000341 protozoan hard tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. akila 2010-03-19T10:37:58Z VSMO:0000344 protozoan pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000346 protozoan biting midge borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000347 protozoan blackfly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000350 protozoan mosquito borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000351 protozoan phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a true bug vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000352 protozoan true bug borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a true bug vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:40:40Z VSMO:0000353 protozoan tsetse fly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a tsetse fly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:43:19Z VSMO:0000355 protozoan hard tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a protozoan pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. akila 2010-03-19T10:47:22Z VSMO:0000359 viral pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:49:48Z VSMO:0000361 viral biting midge borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:49:48Z VSMO:0000365 viral mosquito borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:49:48Z VSMO:0000366 viral phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:50:44Z VSMO:0000370 viral hard tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. akila 2010-03-19T10:51:57Z VSMO:0000373 viral pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:54:09Z VSMO:0000375 viral biting midge borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:54:09Z VSMO:0000379 viral mosquito borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:54:09Z VSMO:0000380 viral phlebotomine sandfly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a phlebotomine sandfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:55:43Z VSMO:0000384 viral hard tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a hard tick vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. akila 2010-03-19T10:56:01Z VSMO:0000385 viral soft tick borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. VSMO:Authors Function of conferring resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. akila 2010-03-19T10:58:46Z VSMO:0000387 pesticide resistance function true Function of conferring resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. VSMO:Authors An enzyme that confers resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. COMMENT: Examples of resistance conferring enzymes include acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-Transferase, alpha-esterase, beta-esterase, mixed function oxidases, and epsilon Glutathione-S-Transferase. akila 2010-03-19T11:03:15Z VSMO:0000388 resistance conferring enzyme function true An enzyme that confers resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. COMMENT: Examples of resistance conferring enzymes include acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-Transferase, alpha-esterase, beta-esterase, mixed function oxidases, and epsilon Glutathione-S-Transferase. VSMO:Authors A point mutation that confers resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. akila 2010-03-19T11:03:15Z VSMO:0000389 resistance conferring point mutation function true A point mutation that confers resistance in an arthropod to one or several pesticides. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of mosquito immatures (larval and pupal stages). COMMENT: Mosquito larval habitats include natural water sources ranging in size from small puddles to shallow parts of large water bodies, water sources generated through agricultural irrigation (for example rice fields), and water-holding artificial containers ranging in size from small bottles and cans to large water storage tanks. akila 2010-03-19T11:05:11Z VSMO:0000391 mosquito larval habitat A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of mosquito immatures (larval and pupal stages). COMMENT: Mosquito larval habitats include natural water sources ranging in size from small puddles to shallow parts of large water bodies, water sources generated through agricultural irrigation (for example rice fields), and water-holding artificial containers ranging in size from small bottles and cans to large water storage tanks. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of Anopheles immatures (larval and pupal stages). akila 2010-03-19T11:05:28Z VSMO:0000392 Anopheles larval habitat A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of Anopheles immatures (larval and pupal stages). VSMO:Authors A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of Aedes immatures (larval and pupal stages). COMMENT: This can include bodies of shallow surface water or, for some container-inhabiting species such as Aedes aegypti, water in artificial or natural containers. akila 2010-03-19T11:05:51Z VSMO:0000393 Aedes larval habitat A role borne by an aquatic habitat in virtue of supporting the development of Aedes immatures (larval and pupal stages). COMMENT: This can include bodies of shallow surface water or, for some container-inhabiting species such as Aedes aegypti, water in artificial or natural containers. VSMO:Authors Tool which has the role of being used to (i) reduce abundance of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reduce abundance of infected vectors, (iii) prevent contact between infected vectors and humans or other vertebrates, or (iv) prevent contact between individuals of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and infectious humans or other vertebrates. akila 2010-03-19T11:07:59Z VSMO:0000398 vector management tool true Tool which has the role of being used to (i) reduce abundance of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reduce abundance of infected vectors, (iii) prevent contact between infected vectors and humans or other vertebrates, or (iv) prevent contact between individuals of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and infectious humans or other vertebrates. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an alga in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of algal control agents for arthropods include Sargassum swartzii and Chondria dasyphylla which can be used to kill mosquito (Anopheles) immatures. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000400 algal control agent role A role borne by an alga in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of algal control agents for arthropods include Sargassum swartzii and Chondria dasyphylla which can be used to kill mosquito (Anopheles) immatures. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a bacterium in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of a bacterial control agent for arthropods is Bacillus thuringiensis which is commonly used to kill mosquito immatures. Another example is the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce the life span of mosquito vectors and thus reduce the abundance of infectious females. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000401 bacterial control agent role A role borne by a bacterium in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of a bacterial control agent for arthropods is Bacillus thuringiensis which is commonly used to kill mosquito immatures. Another example is the use of Wolbachia bacteria to reduce the life span of mosquito vectors and thus reduce the abundance of infectious females. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a fungus in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of fungal control agents for arthropods include Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae which can be used to kill hard ticks and mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000402 fungal control agent role A role borne by a fungus in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of fungal control agents for arthropods include Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae which can be used to kill hard ticks and mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a nematode in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of nematode control agents for arthropods include species of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis which can be used to kill hard ticks. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000403 nematode control agent role A role borne by a nematode in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of nematode control agents for arthropods include species of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis which can be used to kill hard ticks. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an insect parasitoid in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of an insect parasitoid control agent for arthropods is the wasp Hunterellus hookeri which parasitizes hard ticks. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000404 insect parasitoid control agent role A role borne by an insect parasitoid in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of an insect parasitoid control agent for arthropods is the wasp Hunterellus hookeri which parasitizes hard ticks. VSMO:Authors Measure relating to aggregate of off-host adult arthropods, which quantifies their relative number. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000405 abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host Measure relating to aggregate of off-host adult arthropods, which quantifies their relative number. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a predator in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of predator control agents for arthropods include fish and Mesocyclops copepods which can be used to control mosquito immatures. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000406 predator control agent role A role borne by a predator in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: Examples of predator control agents for arthropods include fish and Mesocyclops copepods which can be used to control mosquito immatures. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a virus in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of a viral control agent for arthropods is densovirus which can be used to kill mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-19T11:10:06Z VSMO:0000407 viral control agent role A role borne by a virus in virtue of having a killing disposition toward a targeted pest. COMMENT: One example of a viral control agent for arthropods is densovirus which can be used to kill mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors A chemical substance intended to kill pests derived from organisms. COMMENT: Examples include compounds extracted from plant material, such as seeds or leaves, or directly released when the plant material is crushed or burned. akila 2010-03-19T11:11:47Z VSMO:0000409 natural chemical pesticide true A chemical substance intended to kill pests derived from organisms. COMMENT: Examples include compounds extracted from plant material, such as seeds or leaves, or directly released when the plant material is crushed or burned. VSMO:Authors The function of a natural derived chemical compound realized when it repels pests. COMMENT: Examples include compounds extracted from plant material, such as seeds or leaves, or directly released when the plant material is crushed or burned. akila 2010-03-19T11:11:47Z VSMO:0000410 natural chemical repellent true The function of a natural derived chemical compound realized when it repels pests. COMMENT: Examples include compounds extracted from plant material, such as seeds or leaves, or directly released when the plant material is crushed or burned. VSMO:Authors Synthetic chemical compound used to control living organisms. akila 2010-03-19T11:11:47Z VSMO:0000411 synthetic chemical pesticide true Synthetic chemical compound used to control living organisms. VSMO:Authors Equipment in the form of a rapid test capable of detecting a given pathogen in samples containing one or several arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or material from vertebrate species capable of serving as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts. COMMENT: Examples include Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for malaria parasites and the VecTest for West Nile virus. akila 2010-03-19T11:12:06Z VSMO:0000412 rapid pathogen detection test Equipment in the form of a rapid test capable of detecting a given pathogen in samples containing one or several arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or material from vertebrate species capable of serving as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts. COMMENT: Examples include Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) for malaria parasites and the VecTest for West Nile virus. VSMO:Authors The function of a synthetic chemical compound realized when it repels pests. akila 2010-03-19T11:13:05Z VSMO:0000414 synthetic chemical repellent true The function of a synthetic chemical compound realized when it repels pests. VSMO:Authors Vector management tool in the form of a measure that changes the physical environment with the goal to reduce the abundance of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or prevent contact between individuals of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and humans or other vertebrates. COMMENT: Examples include draining of water sources serving as mosquito larval habitat and brush removal to reduce suitable habitat for host-seeking ticks. akila 2010-03-19T11:13:56Z VSMO:0000415 environmental vector management measure true Vector management tool in the form of a measure that changes the physical environment with the goal to reduce the abundance of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors or prevent contact between individuals of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and humans or other vertebrates. COMMENT: Examples include draining of water sources serving as mosquito larval habitat and brush removal to reduce suitable habitat for host-seeking ticks. VSMO:Authors The function of a tool realized when it prevents contact between individuals of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and humans. akila 2010-03-19T11:14:30Z VSMO:0000416 protection from vector function The function of a tool realized when it prevents contact between individuals of arthropod species capable of serving as pathogen vectors and humans. VSMO:Authors Equipment in the form of a device to control indoor temperature. COMMENT: Can have the role of a personal protection measure against vectors in that it reduces the need for keeping windows and doors open and thus prevents entry by arthropods. akila 2010-03-19T11:14:51Z SNOMEDCT:15000008 VSMO:0000417 air conditioner Equipment in the form of a device to control indoor temperature. COMMENT: Can have the role of a personal protection measure against vectors in that it reduces the need for keeping windows and doors open and thus prevents entry by arthropods. VSMO:Authors Clothing treated with a repellent substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans by erecting a physical barrier and by repellent action. akila 2010-03-19T11:19:03Z VSMO:0000423 repellent-treated clothing Clothing treated with a repellent substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans by erecting a physical barrier and by repellent action. VSMO:Authors Screening material that prevents intrusion of vectors by erecting a physical barrier that the vector cannot penetrate and by repelling vectors with a repellent applied to the screening material. akila 2010-03-19T11:21:01Z VSMO:0000428 repellent-treated screening material Screening material that prevents intrusion of vectors by erecting a physical barrier that the vector cannot penetrate and by repelling vectors with a repellent applied to the screening material. VSMO:Authors Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a curtain to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. akila 2010-03-19T11:21:17Z VSMO:0000429 repellent-treated curtain Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a curtain to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a net to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. akila 2010-03-19T11:22:08Z VSMO:0000430 repellent-treated net Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a net to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a screen to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. akila 2010-03-19T11:22:08Z VSMO:0000431 repellent-treated screen Repellent-treated screening material in the form of a screen to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors The function of a device realized when it can detect the presence of arthropods. akila 2010-03-19T11:22:34Z VSMO:0000432 arthropod detection function The function of a device realized when it can detect the presence of arthropods. VSMO:Authors Arthropod surveillance tool that is used to determine the abundance of one or several species capable of serving as a pathogen vector while on (in direct contact with) a vertebrate host. COMMENTS: Examples of such tools include a flea comb or a drop-off cage to collect attached ectoparasites as they detach from the host. akila 2010-03-19T11:23:43Z VSMO:0000433 surveillance tool to determine on-host arthropod abundance true Arthropod surveillance tool that is used to determine the abundance of one or several species capable of serving as a pathogen vector while on (in direct contact with) a vertebrate host. COMMENTS: Examples of such tools include a flea comb or a drop-off cage to collect attached ectoparasites as they detach from the host. VSMO:Authors Arthropod surveillance tool that is used to determine the abundance of one or several species capable of serving as a pathogen vector while off (not in contact with) a vertebrate host. COMMENTS: Examples of such tools include a tick drag or a CDC light trap to capture host-seeking adult flying arthropods. akila 2010-03-19T11:23:43Z VSMO:0000434 surveillance tool to determine off-host arthropod abundance true Arthropod surveillance tool that is used to determine the abundance of one or several species capable of serving as a pathogen vector while off (not in contact with) a vertebrate host. COMMENTS: Examples of such tools include a tick drag or a CDC light trap to capture host-seeking adult flying arthropods. VSMO:Authors Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a screen to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. leisen 2010-05-21T10:27:31Z VSMO:0000435 pesticide-treated screen Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a screen to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors The function of a device realized when it determines the killing efectivenes of a pesticide on a target pest. COMMENT: The WHO plastic bioassay cone is an example of such a tool. akila 2010-03-19T11:23:43Z VSMO:0000436 This function is carry out by tools used to determine the efficacy of a pesticide to kill individuals of an arthropod species. pesticide efficacy determination function true The function of a device realized when it determines the killing efectivenes of a pesticide on a target pest. COMMENT: The WHO plastic bioassay cone is an example of such a tool. VSMO:Authors Tool that is used to determine pesticide resistance in an arthropod species. COMMENT: Pesticide-impregnated paper from WHO for use in a standard bioassay system to measure resistance is an example of such a tool. akila 2010-03-19T11:23:43Z VSMO:0000437 pesticide resistance determination function true Tool that is used to determine pesticide resistance in an arthropod species. COMMENT: Pesticide-impregnated paper from WHO for use in a standard bioassay system to measure resistance is an example of such a tool. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an arthropod species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. akila 2010-03-19T11:36:02Z VSMO:0000464 vector of paralytic toxin A role borne by an arthropod species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. VSMO:Authors A role borne by an insect species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. akila 2010-03-19T11:36:27Z VSMO:0000465 insect vector of paralytic toxin A role borne by an insect species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a tick species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. COMMENTS: Examples of tick vectors of paralytic toxins include Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes holocyclus. akila 2010-03-19T11:36:45Z VSMO:0000466 tick vector of paralytic toxin A role borne by a tick species in virtue of that it can transmit (serve as a vector of) a paralytic toxin that may cause paralysis in the host upon which it is feeding. COMMENTS: Examples of tick vectors of paralytic toxins include Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ixodes holocyclus. VSMO:Authors The function of a device realized when it becomes part of a trap. akila 2010-03-19T11:37:07Z VSMO:0000467 trap component function The function of a device realized when it becomes part of a trap. VSMO:Authors Tool which has the function of being used to (i) reduce abundance of vertebrates of species capable of serving as blood meal hosts for species of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors, (ii) reduce abundance of vertebrates capable of serving as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts or (iii) reduce abundance of pathogen-infected vertebrates. akila 2010-03-19T11:38:45Z VSMO:0000472 vertebrate management tool true Vertebrate management tool that is broadly used to reduce the abundance of vertebrates of species that may serve as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts or blood meal hosts for species of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: A rodent trap with killing action is an example of such a tool. Another example is a deer fence, which results in local reduction of deer abundance. akila 2010-03-19T11:39:16Z VSMO:0000473 tool for reduction of vertebrates true Vertebrate management tool that is broadly used to reduce the abundance of vertebrates of species that may serve as pathogen reservoirs/amplification hosts or blood meal hosts for species of arthropods capable of serving as pathogen vectors. COMMENT: A rodent trap with killing action is an example of such a tool. Another example is a deer fence, which results in local reduction of deer abundance. VSMO:Authors Vertebrate management tool that is specifically used to reduce the abundance of pathogen-infected vertebrates. COMMENT: A bait-cube containing an oral vaccine against a given pathogen is an example of such a tool. akila 2010-03-19T11:39:34Z VSMO:0000474 tool for reduction of infected vertebrates true Vertebrate management tool that is specifically used to reduce the abundance of pathogen-infected vertebrates. COMMENT: A bait-cube containing an oral vaccine against a given pathogen is an example of such a tool. VSMO:Authors Tool which has the function of being used for surveillance of presence and abundance of one or several vertebrate species. COMMENT: Examples of such tools include various traps to capture vertebrates. akila 2010-03-19T11:40:40Z VSMO:0000475 vertebrate surveillance tool true Tool which has the function of being used for surveillance of presence and abundance of one or several vertebrate species. COMMENT: Examples of such tools include various traps to capture vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host, which quantifies their relative abundance based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Can include a single or multiple sampling occasions. Examples include the number of adult ticks collected per hour of drag sampling or the number of adult mosquitoes collected per trap night. akila 2010-03-19T11:41:13Z VSMO:0000476 abundance estimate for adult arthropods based on removal sampling Abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host, which quantifies their relative abundance based on a standard collection method. COMMENT: Can include a single or multiple sampling occasions. Examples include the number of adult ticks collected per hour of drag sampling or the number of adult mosquitoes collected per trap night. VSMO:Authors Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a net to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. COMMENT: Includes insectide-treated nets (sometimes referred to as bednets) used to protect sleeping areas. leisen 2010-05-21T10:27:59Z VSMO:0000477 pesticide-treated net Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a net to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. COMMENT: Includes insectide-treated nets (sometimes referred to as bednets) used to protect sleeping areas. VSMO:Authors Temporal interval referring to the period of time required for a process of an arthropod. akila 2010-03-19T11:57:33Z VSMO:0000481 temporal interval of arthropod Temporal interval referring to the period of time required for a process of an arthropod. VSMO:Authors Process of quantifying the proportion of arthropods which survive over a 24-hour period. COMMENT: The daily vector survival rate, p in Macdonalds equation for vectorial capacity, is an important component to determine pathogen transmission intensity. A variety of techniques have been developed to determine daily survival rate of insect vectors, especially mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-19T12:00:56Z VSMO:0000484 Estimation of the daily survival rate of the adult stage (typically female) of a mosquito vector. Various methods have been developed to estimate daily survival rate based on changes over time in the proportion of marked vectors or vectors of a certain physiological state, for example newly emerged green colored females, parous females or females at a certain stage in their gonotrophic cycle. Numerous methods have been developed to estimate daily survival rates of immatures, especially for species that develop in aquatic habitats such as artificial containers that readily can be monitored and where all immatures can be counted. This has resulted in development of detailed life tables for some species such as Aedes aegypti. estimation of daily arthropod survival rate Process of quantifying the proportion of arthropods which survive over a 24-hour period. COMMENT: The daily vector survival rate, p in Macdonalds equation for vectorial capacity, is an important component to determine pathogen transmission intensity. A variety of techniques have been developed to determine daily survival rate of insect vectors, especially mosquitoes. VSMO:Authors Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the generational period, which is the continuous temporal interval required for an arthropod to complete its life cycle. COMMENT: Typically used in the context of the average time required for a group (cohort) of arthropods of a given species to complete their life cycles. Insects commonly are multivoltine, with several generations in a single year. The generation time of insect vectors often is strongly influenced by ambient temperature, with generation times being shortened as the temperature increases. In contrast to insects, hard ticks typically require more than a single year to complete their life cycle, which includes taking blood meals in the larval, nymphal and adult (female) life stages. akila 2010-03-19T12:00:56Z VSMO:0000485 arthropod generational period Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the generational period, which is the continuous temporal interval required for an arthropod to complete its life cycle. COMMENT: Typically used in the context of the average time required for a group (cohort) of arthropods of a given species to complete their life cycles. Insects commonly are multivoltine, with several generations in a single year. The generation time of insect vectors often is strongly influenced by ambient temperature, with generation times being shortened as the temperature increases. In contrast to insects, hard ticks typically require more than a single year to complete their life cycle, which includes taking blood meals in the larval, nymphal and adult (female) life stages. VSMO:Authors Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the reproductive period, which is the continuous temporal interval that starts when an adult has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends when the adult no longer is capable of mating and, in the case of females, egg maturation and oviposition COMMENT: The arthropod reproductive period may include one or several reproductive cycles. For example, hard ticks lay eggs once in a single batch and then perish. For arthropods with multiple reproductive cycles, the length of the cycles can vary with temperature and time needed to locate blood meal hosts or find sites to deposit eggs. The length of the reproductive cycle is an important determinant for the growth rate of populations of insects with multiple generations within a single active season. akila 2010-03-19T12:00:56Z VSMO:0000486 arthropod reproductive period Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the reproductive period, which is the continuous temporal interval that starts when an adult has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends when the adult no longer is capable of mating and, in the case of females, egg maturation and oviposition COMMENT: The arthropod reproductive period may include one or several reproductive cycles. For example, hard ticks lay eggs once in a single batch and then perish. For arthropods with multiple reproductive cycles, the length of the cycles can vary with temperature and time needed to locate blood meal hosts or find sites to deposit eggs. The length of the reproductive cycle is an important determinant for the growth rate of populations of insects with multiple generations within a single active season. VSMO:Authors The reproductive period for arthropods classified as insects is the continuous temporal interval that starts when an adult insect has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends when the adult insect no longer is capable of mating and, in the case of females, egg maturation and oviposition COMMENT: The time between oviposition of separate egg batches within the insect reproductive period include not only the time needed for egg development but also the time needed to locate host(s) to take a complete blood meal and the time needed to locate site(s) for egg deposition and to lay the eggs. akila 2010-03-19T12:04:54Z VSMO:0000487 insect reproductive period The reproductive period for arthropods classified as insects is the continuous temporal interval that starts when an adult insect has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends when the adult insect no longer is capable of mating and, in the case of females, egg maturation and oviposition COMMENT: The time between oviposition of separate egg batches within the insect reproductive period include not only the time needed for egg development but also the time needed to locate host(s) to take a complete blood meal and the time needed to locate site(s) for egg deposition and to lay the eggs. ISBN:0124732763 The continuous temporal interval that starts when a female insect has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends with her first oviposition event. akila 2010-03-19T12:05:13Z VSMO:0000488 initial insect gonotrophic period The continuous temporal interval that starts when a female insect has emerged and is physically ready to mate and ends with her first oviposition event. ISBN:0124732763 Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the activity period, which is the continuous temporal interval during which an arthropod is physically active. COMMENT: Includes diel and seasonal activity periods. akila 2010-03-19T12:05:45Z VSMO:0000489 arthropod activity period Temporal interval of arthropod in the form of the activity period, which is the continuous temporal interval during which an arthropod is physically active. COMMENT: Includes diel and seasonal activity periods. VSMO:Authors Arthropod activity period in the form of a continuous temporal interval within the 24 hour diel cycle. akila 2010-03-19T12:06:10Z VSMO:0000490 diel activity period of arthropod Arthropod activity period in the form of a continuous temporal interval within the 24 hour diel cycle. VSMO:Authors A continuous temporal interval within the diel 24 hour period during which an arthropod species detaches from a vertebrate host in greatest numbers. COMMENT: This relates primarily to ticks where counts of individuals on a vertebrate host can be influenced by the time of day the host is examined. This is because some tick species have a distinct diurnal pattern of detachment (drop off) from the host, for example to coincide with the time the host is resting in a burrow or nest. akila 2010-03-19T12:06:30Z VSMO:0000491 peak diel period of arthropod detachment from host A continuous temporal interval within the diel 24 hour period during which an arthropod species detaches from a vertebrate host in greatest numbers. COMMENT: This relates primarily to ticks where counts of individuals on a vertebrate host can be influenced by the time of day the host is examined. This is because some tick species have a distinct diurnal pattern of detachment (drop off) from the host, for example to coincide with the time the host is resting in a burrow or nest. ISBN:0195084314 A continuous temporal interval within the diel 24 hour period during which the number of actively host-seeking individuals of an arthropod species is greatest. COMMENT: This can refer to a single continuous temporal interval within the diel 24 hour period or to more than one continuous temporal intervals (for example for insects with peak host-seeking activity during dawn and dusk). Most insect species have distinct diel peaks in host-seeking activity that comprise a limited number of hours of the 24 hour cycle. This can be to avoid unfavorable conditions, for example by staying inactive during very hot day time hours, or to match the diel host-seeking activity with the active period of important blood meal hosts. Basic knowledge of local diel activity patterns of a vector is a prerequisite for effective vector surveillance. akila 2010-03-19T12:07:00Z VSMO:0000492 peak diel activity period of host-seeking arthropod A continuous temporal interval within the diel 24 hour period during which the number of actively host-seeking individuals of an arthropod species is greatest. COMMENT: This can refer to a single continuous temporal interval within the diel 24 hour period or to more than one continuous temporal intervals (for example for insects with peak host-seeking activity during dawn and dusk). Most insect species have distinct diel peaks in host-seeking activity that comprise a limited number of hours of the 24 hour cycle. This can be to avoid unfavorable conditions, for example by staying inactive during very hot day time hours, or to match the diel host-seeking activity with the active period of important blood meal hosts. Basic knowledge of local diel activity patterns of a vector is a prerequisite for effective vector surveillance. VSMO:Authors Arthropod activity period in the form of a continuous temporal interval within a 12 month period. COMMENT: In many settings, arthropods are active during part of the year (typically the warm part of the year) and inactive during other parts of the year (typically the cold part of the year). In settings with favorable year-round conditions, arthropods can be active throughout the year. akila 2010-03-19T12:07:19Z VSMO:0000493 seasonal activity period of arthropod Arthropod activity period in the form of a continuous temporal interval within a 12 month period. COMMENT: In many settings, arthropods are active during part of the year (typically the warm part of the year) and inactive during other parts of the year (typically the cold part of the year). In settings with favorable year-round conditions, arthropods can be active throughout the year. : A continuous temporal interval within the seasonal activity period during which an arthropod species reaches its highest numbers. COMMENT: Many vector species exhibit seasonality in their activity period over the year, often with distinct seasonal peaks in their numbers. This is related to inactivity during times of the year with conditions that are unfavorable for host seeking, development , or reproduction. In temperate climates, the seasonal activity period often coincides with the warm part of the year. In subtropical and tropical climates, the seasonal activity period more commonly is related to rainfall patterns. A single vector species with a broad geographical distribution that includes substantial climate variability may exhibit variation in the timing of peak seasonal activity in different part of its range. In the case of ticks, different life stages of a given tick vector often have distinctly different seasonal activity periods. Basic knowledge of local seasonal activity patterns of a vector is a prerequisite for effective vector surveillance. akila 2010-03-19T12:08:01Z VSMO:0000494 seasonal period of peak activity of arthropod A continuous temporal interval within the seasonal activity period during which an arthropod species reaches its highest numbers. COMMENT: Many vector species exhibit seasonality in their activity period over the year, often with distinct seasonal peaks in their numbers. This is related to inactivity during times of the year with conditions that are unfavorable for host seeking, development , or reproduction. In temperate climates, the seasonal activity period often coincides with the warm part of the year. In subtropical and tropical climates, the seasonal activity period more commonly is related to rainfall patterns. A single vector species with a broad geographical distribution that includes substantial climate variability may exhibit variation in the timing of peak seasonal activity in different part of its range. In the case of ticks, different life stages of a given tick vector often have distinctly different seasonal activity periods. Basic knowledge of local seasonal activity patterns of a vector is a prerequisite for effective vector surveillance. ISBN:0195084314 Temporal interval referring to the period of time required for a process of a pathogenic microorganism within an arthropod. akila 2010-03-19T12:08:20Z VSMO:0000495 temporal interval of pathogen in arthropod Temporal interval referring to the period of time required for a process of a pathogenic microorganism within an arthropod. VSMO:Authors The continuous temporal interval starting with the ingestion of a pathogen during an infectious blood meal and ending with the arthropod gaining the capability to transmit the ingested pathogen. COMMENT: The EIP, n in Macdonalds equation for vectorial capacity, is an important component to determine pathogen transmission intensity. In insect vectors, the EIP is influenced by ambient temperature, being shortened as the temperature increases. The EIP is not meaningful in hard ticks because they take a single blood meal in each active life stage and the molting process lasts for weeks to months, often accompanied by a period of diapause preceding or following the molt. akila 2010-03-19T12:08:38Z SNOMEDCT:409669005 VSMO:0000496 extrinsic incubation period The continuous temporal interval starting with the ingestion of a pathogen during an infectious blood meal and ending with the arthropod gaining the capability to transmit the ingested pathogen. COMMENT: The EIP, n in Macdonalds equation for vectorial capacity, is an important component to determine pathogen transmission intensity. In insect vectors, the EIP is influenced by ambient temperature, being shortened as the temperature increases. The EIP is not meaningful in hard ticks because they take a single blood meal in each active life stage and the molting process lasts for weeks to months, often accompanied by a period of diapause preceding or following the molt. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors The continuous temporal interval starting with the end of the extrinsic incubation period and ending when the arthropod no longer is capable of pathogen transmission. COMMENT: The length of the infectious period, 1/(-lnp) in Macdonalds equation for vectorial capacity, is a critical determinant for intensity of pathogen transmission, especially for vectors that take multiple blood meals and thus can infect multiple vertebrate hosts. New control methods are being explored for mosquito vectors of malaria parasites and dengue virus to specifically shorten the infectious period of the life of a female. akila 2010-03-19T12:09:00Z VSMO:0000497 infectious period of arthropod The continuous temporal interval starting with the end of the extrinsic incubation period and ending when the arthropod no longer is capable of pathogen transmission. COMMENT: The length of the infectious period, 1/(-lnp) in Macdonalds equation for vectorial capacity, is a critical determinant for intensity of pathogen transmission, especially for vectors that take multiple blood meals and thus can infect multiple vertebrate hosts. New control methods are being explored for mosquito vectors of malaria parasites and dengue virus to specifically shorten the infectious period of the life of a female. ISBN:0124732763 VSMO:Authors Temporal interval referring to the period of time required for a process of a pathogenic microorganism within a vertebrate. akila 2010-03-19T12:09:23Z VSMO:0000498 temporal interval of pathogen in vertebrate Temporal interval referring to the period of time required for a process of a pathogenic microorganism within a vertebrate. VSMO:Authors The continuous temporal interval starting with the exposure of a vertebrate to a pathogen and ending with the appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease produced by the pathogen. COMMENT: It is important to note that a vertebrate may be infectious, capable of infecting a feeding vector, before symptoms develop. akila 2010-03-19T12:09:46Z incubation period SNOMEDCT:409670006 VSMO:0000499 intrinsic incubation period The continuous temporal interval starting with the exposure of a vertebrate to a pathogen and ending with the appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease produced by the pathogen. COMMENT: It is important to note that a vertebrate may be infectious, capable of infecting a feeding vector, before symptoms develop. ISBN:9780195141696 incubation period url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubation_period The continuous temporal interval starting with a vertebrate becoming capable of infecting a feeding arthropod with a given pathogen and ending with the vertebrate losing the capacity to infect a feeding arthropod. COMMENT: Vertebrates may become infectious before symptoms of disease develop. The infectious period can be very short, days to weeks as for West Nile virus in birds, or last for the remainder of the life of the host, as for the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) in some rodent species. akila 2010-03-19T12:10:01Z VSMO:0000500 infectious period of vertebrate The continuous temporal interval starting with a vertebrate becoming capable of infecting a feeding arthropod with a given pathogen and ending with the vertebrate losing the capacity to infect a feeding arthropod. COMMENT: Vertebrates may become infectious before symptoms of disease develop. The infectious period can be very short, days to weeks as for West Nile virus in birds, or last for the remainder of the life of the host, as for the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) in some rodent species. VSMO:Authors An assay to detect or taxonomically identify target antibodies. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in vertebrates but not in arthropods. One weakness of this method is that it does not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material. akila 2010-03-22T12:42:39Z SNOMEDCT:121258006 VSMO:0000501 antibody detection assay An assay to detect or taxonomically identify target antibodies. COMMENT: This method can be used for detection or taxonomic identification of pathogens in vertebrates but not in arthropods. One weakness of this method is that it does not conclusively demonstrate the presence of a viable pathogen in the source material. VSMO:Authors Delivery of pesticide sprays to the air or to an aquatic or terrestrial environment. slozano 2012-08-08T02:18:26Z VSMO:0000503 delivery of pesticide spray Delivery of pesticide sprays to the air or to an aquatic or terrestrial environment. VSMO:authors Localized delivery of pesticides by distribution of small or larger objects that contain a pesticide. COMMENT: Examples include distribution of pesticide-treated fabrics and other materials. slozano 2012-08-09T10:16:54Z VSMO:0000504 delivery of pesticide in solid material Distribution of a pesticide with short-lived killing activity. slozano 2012-08-09T11:10:31Z VSMO:0000505 delivery of short-lived pesticide Distribution of a pesticide with residual killing activity. slozano 2012-08-09T11:10:53Z VSMO:0000506 delivery of residual pesticide The process of wearing clothing treated with a repellent substance. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally or synthetically derived chemical compounds can be used as repellents on clothing to prevent arthropods from contacting humans. akila 2010-03-22T01:03:05Z VSMO:0000508 use of repellent-treated clothing The process of wearing clothing treated with a repellent substance. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally or synthetically derived chemical compounds can be used as repellents on clothing to prevent arthropods from contacting humans. VSMO:Authors Chemical repellent obtained from natural naturally occurring sources. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally derived chemical compounds (for example citronella oil) can be used as repellents to prevent vectors from contacting humans. akila 2010-03-22T01:03:55Z VSMO:0000509 naturally derived repellent true Chemical repellent obtained from natural naturally occurring sources. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally derived chemical compounds (for example citronella oil) can be used as repellents to prevent vectors from contacting humans. VSMO:Authors Chemical repellent that keeps organisms away. COMMENT: Numerous different synthetically derived chemical compounds (for example DEET) can be used as repellents to prevent vectors from contacting humans. akila 2010-03-22T01:03:55Z VSMO:0000510 repellent substance true Chemical repellent that keeps organisms away. COMMENT: Numerous different synthetically derived chemical compounds (for example DEET) can be used as repellents to prevent vectors from contacting humans. VSMO:Authors The process of gathering insects capable of flight while they are still (not in motion). slozano 2012-08-10T02:03:11Z VSMO:0000514 collection of resting insects capable of flight Protection against arthropod bites that relates to use by, and protection for, a single human. akila 2010-03-22T01:20:21Z VSMO:0000516 personal protection against arthropod bites Protection against arthropod bites that relates to use by, and protection for, a single human. VSMO:Authors A planned process with the objective to control indoor temperature. COMMENT: Can protect against vectors in that it reduces the need for keeping windows and doors open and thus prevents entry by arthropods. akila 2010-03-22T01:22:28Z VSMO:0000518 use of house air conditioning A planned process with the objective to control indoor temperature. COMMENT: Can protect against vectors in that it reduces the need for keeping windows and doors open and thus prevents entry by arthropods. VSMO:Authors The process of using screens to cover openings in a building. COMMENT: Can protect against vectors in that it prevents entry by arthropods and thus reduces indoor vector biting of humans. akila 2010-03-22T01:22:28Z VSMO:0000519 use of house screening The process of using screens to cover openings in a building. COMMENT: Can protect against vectors in that it prevents entry by arthropods and thus reduces indoor vector biting of humans. VSMO:Authors Protection against arthropod bites through the use of a device which produces a stimulus that drives away arthropods. COMMENT: Various non chemical methods have been developed to discourage mosquitoes and other arthropods from contacting humans, including use of devices producing noise or electricity. akila 2010-03-22T01:24:05Z VSMO:0000520 use of arthropod irritant Protection against arthropod bites through the use of a device which produces a stimulus that drives away arthropods. COMMENT: Various non chemical methods have been developed to discourage mosquitoes and other arthropods from contacting humans, including use of devices producing noise or electricity. VSMO:Authors The process of wearing clothing that provides a physical barrier to the environment. COMMENT: Clothing can help prevent contact between arthropods and humans. One example is tucking your socks and shirt into your pants to force a hard tick to crawl a longer distance before encountering skin; this increases the chance that the tick will either be brushed off your pants or be discovered and removed, especially if the clothing is light colored and provides contrast with the darker tick. Protection can be enhanced by adding a pesticide to the clothing. akila 2010-03-22T01:24:05Z VSMO:0000521 use of protective clothing The process of wearing clothing that provides a physical barrier to the environment. COMMENT: Clothing can help prevent contact between arthropods and humans. One example is tucking your socks and shirt into your pants to force a hard tick to crawl a longer distance before encountering skin; this increases the chance that the tick will either be brushed off your pants or be discovered and removed, especially if the clothing is light colored and provides contrast with the darker tick. Protection can be enhanced by adding a pesticide to the clothing. VSMO:Authors The process of delivering pesticides with the intention of killing a target species. COMMMENT: Invertebrate pests include insects, which can be killed with insecticidal pesticides (insecticides), and ticks and mites, which can be killed with acaricidal pesticides (acaricides). akila 2010-03-23T08:40:41Z VSMO:0000522 pesticide delivery The process of delivering pesticides with the intention of killing a target species. COMMMENT: Invertebrate pests include insects, which can be killed with insecticidal pesticides (insecticides), and ticks and mites, which can be killed with acaricidal pesticides (acaricides). VSMO:Authors Space spraying that forms droplets by heating up a pesticide mixture. COMMENT: The active ingredient used in thermal fogs is diluted in a carrier liquid, which is usually oil-based. Hot gas is used to heat the pesticide spray, decreasing the viscosity of the oil carrier, and vaporizing it. When it leaves the nozzle the vapor hits colder air and condenses to form a dense white cloud of fog. The hot emission gas is obtained from engine exhaust, friction plate/engine exhaust or from a pulse jet engine. akila 2010-03-23T08:42:59Z VSMO:0000523 thermal fogging Space spraying that forms droplets by heating up a pesticide mixture. COMMENT: The active ingredient used in thermal fogs is diluted in a carrier liquid, which is usually oil-based. Hot gas is used to heat the pesticide spray, decreasing the viscosity of the oil carrier, and vaporizing it. When it leaves the nozzle the vapor hits colder air and condenses to form a dense white cloud of fog. The hot emission gas is obtained from engine exhaust, friction plate/engine exhaust or from a pulse jet engine. VSMO:Authors Space spraying that forms droplets by the mechanical breaking up of the pesticide mixture. COMMENT: Mechanical break up is achieved by passing the spray mixture through high-pressure nozzles or by passing a slow stream of the mixture through a high-velocity vortex of air. The spray droplets are generated without any external heat. With cold fogs the volume of spray is kept to a minimum. akila 2010-03-23T08:42:59Z VSMO:0000524 cold fogging Space spraying that forms droplets by the mechanical breaking up of the pesticide mixture. COMMENT: Mechanical break up is achieved by passing the spray mixture through high-pressure nozzles or by passing a slow stream of the mixture through a high-velocity vortex of air. The spray droplets are generated without any external heat. With cold fogs the volume of spray is kept to a minimum. VSMO:Authors Oil-based pesticide aerosol spray distributed as an ultra-low volume (ULV) spray dispersed from specialized equipment. akila 2010-03-23T08:42:59Z VSMO:0000525 oil-based ultra-low volume pesticide aerosol spray Oil-based pesticide aerosol spray distributed as an ultra-low volume (ULV) spray dispersed from specialized equipment. VSMO:Authors Water-based pesticide aerosol spray distributed as an ultra-low volume (ULV) spray dispersed from specialized equipment. akila 2010-03-23T08:42:59Z VSMO:0000526 water-based ultra-low volume pesticide aerosol spray Water-based pesticide aerosol spray distributed as an ultra-low volume (ULV) spray dispersed from specialized equipment. VSMO:Authors A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of bovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine anaplasmosis) in cattle. Occurs in Asia and Africa. leisen 2011-01-07T09:49:17Z NCBITaxon:186733 Ehrlichia bovis VSMO:0000527 Anaplasma bovis A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of bovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine anaplasmosis) in cattle. Occurs in Asia and Africa. ISBN:9780123725004 Borrelia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Borrelia is a Genus in Family Spirochaetaceae of Order Spirochaetales. akila 2010-03-26T11:13:38Z NCBITaxon:138 VSMO:0000528 Borrelia Borrelia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Borrelia is a Genus in Family Spirochaetaceae of Order Spirochaetales. VSMO:Authors A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of burgdorferi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans and domestic animals including dogs. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe, North America, and Asia. akila 2010-03-26T11:28:48Z NCBITaxon:139 Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto VSMO:0000529 Borrelia burgdorferi A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of burgdorferi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans and domestic animals including dogs. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe, North America, and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 Plasmodium is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Plasmodium is a Genus in Order Haemospororida. akila 2010-03-26T01:21:51Z NCBITaxon:5820 VSMO:0000531 Plasmodium Plasmodium is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Plasmodium is a Genus in Order Haemospororida. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of falciparum. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans. Occurs worldwide. akila 2010-03-26T01:22:13Z IDOMAL:0000129 NCBITaxon:5833 VSMO:0000532 Plasmodium falciparum An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of falciparum. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Flavivirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Flaviviridae. akila 2010-03-26T01:26:46Z NCBITaxon:11051 VSMO:0000534 Flavivirus Flavivirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Flaviviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of West Nile virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the serotype Kunjin virus. Causes disease (West Nile fever, West Nile neuroinvasive disease) in humans and domestic animals including horses. Occurs in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas. akila 2010-03-26T01:27:54Z NCBITaxon:11082 VSMO:0000535 West Nile virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of West Nile virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the serotype Kunjin virus. Causes disease (West Nile fever, West Nile neuroinvasive disease) in humans and domestic animals including horses. Occurs in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of pacificus. COMMENT: Also called the western black-legged tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia duncani Borrelia bissettii Borrelia burgdorferi akila 2010-03-29T08:55:10Z NCBITaxon:29930 VSMO:0000546 Ixodes pacificus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of pacificus. COMMENT: Also called the western black-legged tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia duncani Borrelia bissettii Borrelia burgdorferi ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A group of arthropods collected within a defined geographic area within a defined time period. slozano 2012-08-15T03:00:13Z VSMO:0000547 arthropod collection A group of arthropods collected within a defined geographic area within a defined time period. VSMO:Authors Diptera is an Order in Class Insecta. COMMENT: Also called two-winged flies. akila 2010-03-29T11:15:36Z NCBITaxon:7147 Two-winged flies VSMO:0000554 Diptera Diptera is an Order in Class Insecta. COMMENT: Also called two-winged flies. ISBN:0124732763 A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of imicola. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Europe and Asia. Vector of: African horse sickness virus bluetongue virus equine encephalosis virus Suspected vector of: Akabane virus bovine ephemeral fever virus Palyam virus akila 2010-03-29T12:30:54Z NCBITaxon:88399 Culicoides iraqensis Khalaf Culicoides minutus Sen and Das Gupta Culicoides pallidipennis Carter Culicoides pseudoturgidus Das Gupta VSMO:0000555 Culicoides imicola A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of imicola. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Europe and Asia. Vector of: African horse sickness virus bluetongue virus equine encephalosis virus Suspected vector of: Akabane virus bovine ephemeral fever virus Palyam virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors Culicidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called mosquitoes. akila 2010-03-29T12:34:07Z MIRO:40003818 NCBITaxon:7157 mosquitoes VSMO:0000556 Culicidae Culicidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called mosquitoes. ISBN:0124732763 Culex is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-03-29T12:35:24Z NCBITaxon:7174 VSMO:0000557 Culex Culex is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Glossinidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called tsetse flies. akila 2010-03-29T12:58:45Z NCBITaxon:7392 tsetse flies VSMO:0000559 Glossinidae Glossinidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called tsetse flies. ISBN:0124732763 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of austeni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma simiae akila 2010-03-29T12:59:36Z NCBITaxon:7395 VSMO:0000560 Glossina austeni A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of austeni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma simiae ISBN:0124732763 ISBN:1402014139 Psychodidae is aFamily in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called phlebotomine sandflies. akila 2010-03-29T01:31:13Z NCBITaxon:7197 phlebotomine sandflies VSMO:0000562 Psychodidae Psychodidae is aFamily in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called phlebotomine sandflies. ISBN:0124732763 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of ariasi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum akila 2010-03-30T10:49:42Z NCBITaxon:59272 VSMO:0000564 Phlebotomus ariasi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of ariasi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ Simuliidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called blackflies. akila 2010-03-30T11:10:10Z NCBITaxon:7190 blackflies VSMO:0000565 Simuliidae Simuliidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called blackflies. ISBN:0124732763 A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of damnosum. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium damnosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus akila 2010-03-30T11:22:26Z NCBITaxon:37338 Simulium cingulatum Enderlein Simulium hamedense Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baroka, Mukhtar & Unnasch VSMO:0000567 Simulium damnosum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of damnosum. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium damnosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf Heteroptera is an Order in Class Insecta. COMMENT: Also called true bugs. akila 2010-03-30T11:25:13Z NCBITaxon:33345 true bugs VSMO:0000568 Heteroptera Heteroptera is an Order in Class Insecta. COMMENT: Also called true bugs. ISBN:0124732763 Reduviidae is a Family in Order Heteroptera. COMMENT: Also called assassin bugs. akila 2010-03-30T11:45:33Z NCBITaxon:27479 assassin bugs VSMO:0000569 Reduviidae Reduviidae is a Family in Order Heteroptera. COMMENT: Also called assassin bugs. ISBN:0124732763 Phthiraptera is an Order in Class Insecta. COMMENT: Also called lice. akila 2010-03-30T12:10:41Z NCBITaxon:85819 lice VSMO:0000572 Phthiraptera Phthiraptera is an Order in Class Insecta. COMMENT: Also called lice. ISBN:0124732763 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of hermsi. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Borrelia hermsii akila 2010-04-01T09:36:21Z NCBITaxon:303297 VSMO:0000578 Ornithodoros hermsi A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of hermsi. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Borrelia hermsii ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of parkeri. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Borrelia parkeri Royal Farm virus (Karshi virus) akila 2010-04-01T09:37:17Z NCBITaxon:140564 VSMO:0000579 Ornithodoros parkeri A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of parkeri. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Borrelia parkeri Royal Farm virus (Karshi virus) ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of turicata. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: African swine fever virus Borrelia turicatae Coxiella burnetii akila 2010-04-01T09:37:51Z NCBITaxon:34597 VSMO:0000580 Ornithodoros turicata A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of turicata. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: African swine fever virus Borrelia turicatae Coxiella burnetii ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of moubata. COMMENT: Also called the African tampan. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum African swine fever virus Borrelia anserina Borrelia duttonii Coxiella burnetii akila 2010-04-01T09:40:25Z NCBITaxon:6938 VSMO:0000581 Ornithodoros moubata A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of moubata. COMMENT: Also called the African tampan. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum African swine fever virus Borrelia anserina Borrelia duttonii Coxiella burnetii ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 Aedes is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-04-01T09:43:30Z NCBITaxon:7158 VSMO:0000582 Aedes Aedes is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of aegypti. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Bunyamwera virus chikungunya virus Dengue virus Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Ilesha virus Ilheus virus Marituba virus Mayaro virus Mucambo virus o'nyong-nyong virus Oriboca virus Plasmodium gallinaceum Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus Semliki Forest virus Setaria digitata Sindbis virus snowshoe hare virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) Wesselsbron virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti yellow fever virus Zika virus akila 2010-04-01T09:43:43Z MIRO:40000518 NCBITaxon:7159 Culex aegypti Linnaeus Culex albopalposus Becker Culex anguste-alatus Becker Culex annulitarsis Macquart Culex argenteus Poiret Culex bancrofti Skuse Culex calopus Meigen Culex elegans Ficalbi Culex exagitans Walker Culex excitans Walker Culex fasciatus Fabricius Culex frater Robineau-Desvoidy Culex inexorabilis Walker Culex insatiabilis Bigot Culex kounoupi Brulle Culex mosquito Robineau-Desvoidy Culex rossii Giles Culex sugens Wiedemann Culex taeniatus Wiedemann Culex toxorhynchus Macquart Culex viridifrons Walker Duttonia alboannulis Ludlow Mimeteomyia pulcherrima Taylor Stegomyia aegypti Stegomyia calopus var. canariensis Pittaluga Stegomyia fasciata persistans Banks Stegomyia fasciata var. atritarsis Edwards Stegomyia fasciata var. luciensis Theobald Stegomyia fasciata var. queenslandensis Theobald Stegomyia nigeria Theobald VSMO:0000583 Aedes aegypti A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of aegypti. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Bunyamwera virus chikungunya virus Dengue virus Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Ilesha virus Ilheus virus Marituba virus Mayaro virus Mucambo virus o'nyong-nyong virus Oriboca virus Plasmodium gallinaceum Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus Semliki Forest virus Setaria digitata Sindbis virus snowshoe hare virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) Wesselsbron virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti yellow fever virus Zika virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:14195513 PMID:15691009 PMID:16913829 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors Anopheles is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-04-01T09:44:25Z NCBITaxon:7164 VSMO:0000584 Anopheles Anopheles is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of gambiae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: o'nyong-nyong virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Plasmodium gallinaceum Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-01T09:44:46Z MIRO:40003829 NCBITaxon:7165 Anopheles costalis Giles Anopheles gracilis Doenitz Anopheles minor Holstein Anopheles typicus Holstein VSMO:0000585 Anopheles gambiae A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of gambiae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: o'nyong-nyong virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Plasmodium gallinaceum Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of stephensi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Plasmodium gallinaceum Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-01T09:45:52Z MIRO:40003601 NCBITaxon:30069 Anopheles folquei de Mello Anopheles metaboles Theobald Anopheles stephensi var. mysorensis Sweet and Rao Neocellia intermedia Rothwell VSMO:0000586 Anopheles stephensi A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of stephensi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Plasmodium gallinaceum Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of albimanus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: chikungunya virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Semliki Forest virus Sindbis virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-01T09:46:17Z MIRO:40000071 NCBITaxon:7167 Anopheles albimanus bisignatus Hoffman Anopheles albimanus trisignatus Hoffman Anopheles argyrotarsis ssp. albipes Theobald Anopheles cubensis Agramonte Anopheles gorgasi Dyar and Knab Celliu argyritarsis tarsimacdata Goeldi VSMO:0000587 Anopheles albimanus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of albimanus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: chikungunya virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Semliki Forest virus Sindbis virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of coriaceus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: African swine fever virus Suspected vector of: Borrelia coriaceae akila 2010-04-01T10:17:38Z NCBITaxon:92741 VSMO:0000592 Ornithodoros coriaceus A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of coriaceus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: African swine fever virus Suspected vector of: Borrelia coriaceae ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of erraticus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Africa. Vector of: African swine fever virus Borrelia crocidurae Borrelia hispanica Coxiella burnetii akila 2010-04-01T10:18:11Z NCBITaxon:265619 VSMO:0000593 Ornithodoros erraticus A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of erraticus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Africa. Vector of: African swine fever virus Borrelia crocidurae Borrelia hispanica Coxiella burnetii ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of porcinus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Includes the subspecies Ornithodoros porcinus porcinus, Ornithodoros porcinus avivora, and Ornithodoros porcinus domesticus. Vector of: African swine fever virus akila 2010-04-01T10:18:36Z NCBITaxon:34594 VSMO:0000594 Ornithodoros porcinus A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of porcinus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Includes the subspecies Ornithodoros porcinus porcinus, Ornithodoros porcinus avivora, and Ornithodoros porcinus domesticus. Vector of: African swine fever virus ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:14570115 Pediculidae is a Family in Order Phthiraptera. akila 2010-04-01T10:46:09Z NCBITaxon:121221 VSMO:0000599 Pediculidae Pediculidae is a Family in Order Phthiraptera. ISBN:0124732763 A louse of Genus Pediculus with the species designation of humanus. COMMENT: Also called the human body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) or human head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis). Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Bartonella quintana Borrelia recurrentis Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia prowazekii Rickettsia rickettsia akila 2010-04-01T11:07:38Z NCBITaxon:121225 Pediculus corporis Pediculus vestimenti VSMO:0000602 Pediculus humanus A louse of Genus Pediculus with the species designation of humanus. COMMENT: Also called the human body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) or human head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis). Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Bartonella quintana Borrelia recurrentis Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia prowazekii Rickettsia rickettsia ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 VSMO:Authors Siphonaptera is an Order in Class Insecta. COMMENT: Also called fleas. akila 2010-04-01T12:00:32Z NCBITaxon:7509 fleas VSMO:0000609 Siphonaptera Siphonaptera is an Order in Class Insecta. COMMENT: Also called fleas. ISBN:0124732763 Pulicidae is a Family in Order Siphonaptera. akila 2010-04-01T12:04:03Z NCBITaxon:7511 VSMO:0000610 Pulicidae Pulicidae is a Family in Order Siphonaptera. ISBN:0124732763 Arachnida is a Class within Phylum Arthropoda. akila 2010-04-02T09:32:39Z NCBITaxon:6854 arachnid VSMO:0000615 Arachnida Arachnida is a Class within Phylum Arthropoda. ISBN:0124732763 Acari is an Order in Class Arachnida. COMMENT: Also called acarines. Includes mites and ticks. akila 2010-04-02T09:33:51Z NCBITaxon:6933 mite tick VSMO:0000616 Acari Acari is an Order in Class Arachnida. COMMENT: Also called acarines. Includes mites and ticks. ISBN:0124732763 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of arenicola. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi akila 2010-04-02T09:56:10Z VSMO:0000618 Leptotrombidium arenicola A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of arenicola. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:4212400 Arthropod aggregate in the form of external parasites regardless of taxon present on a single vertebrate. slozano 2012-08-17T10:01:07Z VSMO:0000619 ectoparasitic arthropod load of vertebrate Arthropod aggregate in the form of external parasites regardless of taxon present on a single vertebrate. VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of pipiens. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens pallens. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Ilheus virus Japanese encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Setaria digitata St. Louis encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-02T11:27:10Z MIRO:40002641 NCBITaxon:7175 Culex agilis Bigot Culex autogenicus ssp. sternopallidus Roubaud Culex autogenicus ssp. sternopunctatus Roubaud Culex azoriensis Theobald Culex bicolor Meigen Culex bicolor var. quasimodestus Theobald Culex calcitrans Robineau-Desvoidy Culex calloti Rioux and Pech Culex calloti Rioux and Pech Culex comitatus Dyar and Knab Culex consobrinus Robineau-Desvoidy Culex domesticus Germar Culex erectus Iglisch Culex fasciatus Mueller Culex haematophagus Ficalbi Culex longefurcatus Becker Culex luteus Meigen Culex marginalis Stephens Culex melanorhinus Giles Culex meridionalis Leach Culex molestus Forskal Culex osakaensis Theobald Culex pallipes Macquart Culex pallipes Waltl Culex phytophagus Ficalbi Culex pipiens ssp. autogenicus Roubaud Culex pipiens ssp. berbericus Roubaud Culex pipiens ssp. disjunctus Roubaud Culex pipiens var. doliorum Edwards Culex quinquefasciatus dipseticus Dyar and Knab Culex rufinus Bigot Culex rufus Meigen Culex thoracicus Robineau-Desvoidy Culex torridus Iglisch. Culex trifurcatus Fabricius Culex unistriatus Curtis Culex varioannulatus Theobald VSMO:0000620 Culex pipiens A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of pipiens. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens pallens. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Ilheus virus Japanese encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Setaria digitata St. Louis encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:15691009 PMID:19067628 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of quinquefasciatus. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Dirofilaria immitis Ilheus virus Japanese encephalitis virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Oropouche virus Ross River virus Setaria digitata Sindbis virus St. Louis encephalitis virus Wesselsbron virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus akila 2010-04-02T11:29:16Z MIRO:40002654 NCBITaxon:7176 Culex acer Walker Culex aestuans Wiedemann Culex aikenii Dyar and Knab Culex albolineatus Giles Culex anxifer Bigot Culex aseyehae Dyar and Knab Culex autumnalis Weyenbergh Culex barbarus Dyar and Knab Culex cartroni Ventrillon Culex christophersii Theobald Culex cingulatus Doleschall Culex cubensis Bigot Culex didieri Neveu-Lemaire Culex doleschallii Giles Culex fatigans Wiedemann Culex fatigans ssp. luteoannulatus Theobald Culex fatigans ssp. nigrirostris Enderlein Culex fatigans ssp. trilineatus Theobald Culex fouchowensis Theobald Culex goughii Theobald Culex hensemaeon Dyar Culex lachrimans Dyar and Knab Culex macleayi Skuse Culex minor Theobald Culex pallidocephala Theobald Culex penafieli Sanchez Culex pungens Wiedemann Culex pygmaeus Neveu-Lemaire Culex quasilinealis Theobald Culex quasipipiens Theobald Culex raymondii Tamayo Culex reesi Theobald Culex revocator Dyar and Knab Culex sericeus Theobald Culex serotinus Philippi Culex skusii Giles Culex stoehri Theobald Culex townsvillensis Taylor Culex zeltneri Neveu-Lemaire Culicelsa fuscus Taylor VSMO:0000621 Culex quinquefasciatus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of quinquefasciatus. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Dirofilaria immitis Ilheus virus Japanese encephalitis virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Oropouche virus Ross River virus Setaria digitata Sindbis virus St. Louis encephalitis virus Wesselsbron virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9789241209496 PMID:10761580 PMID:15691009 PMID:18973445 PMID:19067628 PMID:19941975 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of americanum. COMMENT: Also called the lone star tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Cytauxzoon felis Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichia ewingii Francisella tularensis Suspected vector of: Borrelia lonestari Rickettsia parkeri Rickettsia rickettsii akila 2010-04-05T10:05:24Z NCBITaxon:6943 VSMO:0000624 Amblyomma americanum A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of americanum. COMMENT: Also called the lone star tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Cytauxzoon felis Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichia ewingii Francisella tularensis Suspected vector of: Borrelia lonestari Rickettsia parkeri Rickettsia rickettsii ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of cajennense. COMMENT: Also called the cayenne tick. Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Rickettsia rickettsii Theileria equi akila 2010-04-05T10:05:24Z NCBITaxon:34607 VSMO:0000625 Amblyomma cajennense A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of cajennense. COMMENT: Also called the cayenne tick. Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Rickettsia rickettsii Theileria equi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of variegatum. COMMENT: Also called the tropical bont tick. Occurs in Africa and the Caribbean. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Dugbe virus Ehrlichia ruminantium Nairobi sheep disease virus Rickettsia africae Rickettsia conorii Theileria mutans Theileria ovis Theileria velifera Thogoto virus akila 2010-04-05T10:05:24Z NCBITaxon:34610 VSMO:0000626 Amblyomma variegatum A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of variegatum. COMMENT: Also called the tropical bont tick. Occurs in Africa and the Caribbean. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Dugbe virus Ehrlichia ruminantium Nairobi sheep disease virus Rickettsia africae Rickettsia conorii Theileria mutans Theileria ovis Theileria velifera Thogoto virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of andersoni. COMMENT: Also called the Rocky Mountain wood tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis Colorado tick fever virus Coxiella burnetii Francisella tularensis Powassan virus Rickettsia rickettsii akila 2010-04-05T10:30:08Z NCBITaxon:34620 VSMO:0000628 Dermacentor andersoni A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of andersoni. COMMENT: Also called the Rocky Mountain wood tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis Colorado tick fever virus Coxiella burnetii Francisella tularensis Powassan virus Rickettsia rickettsii ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of variabilis. COMMENT: Also called the American dog tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi Cytauxzoon felis Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Francisella tularensis Rickettsia rickettsii Theileria equi akila 2010-04-05T10:30:25Z NCBITaxon:34621 VSMO:0000629 Dermacentor variabilis A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of variabilis. COMMENT: Also called the American dog tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi Cytauxzoon felis Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Francisella tularensis Rickettsia rickettsii Theileria equi ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of ricinus. COMMENT: Also called the common sheep tick or the castor bean tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia bovis Babesia divergens Babesia jakimovi Babesia microti Bartonella henselae Borrelia afzelii Borrelia bissettii Borrelia burgdorferi Borrelia garinii Borrelia lusitaniae Borrelia spielmanii Borrelia valaisiana Coxiella burnetii Eyach virus Francisella tularensis Langat virus louping ill virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia helvetica tick-borne encephalitis virus Suspected vector of: Babesia venatorum akila 2010-04-05T10:37:20Z NCBITaxon:34613 VSMO:0000630 Ixodes ricinus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of ricinus. COMMENT: Also called the common sheep tick or the castor bean tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia bovis Babesia divergens Babesia jakimovi Babesia microti Bartonella henselae Borrelia afzelii Borrelia bissettii Borrelia burgdorferi Borrelia garinii Borrelia lusitaniae Borrelia spielmanii Borrelia valaisiana Coxiella burnetii Eyach virus Francisella tularensis Langat virus louping ill virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia helvetica tick-borne encephalitis virus Suspected vector of: Babesia venatorum ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of scapularis. COMMENT: Also called the black-legged tick or the deer tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia microti Borrelia burgdorferi Francisella tularensis Powassan virus akila 2010-04-05T10:37:20Z NCBITaxon:6945 Ixodes dammini Spielman et al. VSMO:0000631 Ixodes scapularis A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of scapularis. COMMENT: Also called the black-legged tick or the deer tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia microti Borrelia burgdorferi Francisella tularensis Powassan virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of holocyclus. COMMENT: Also called the Australian paraysis tick. Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Rickettsia australis akila 2010-04-05T10:37:20Z NCBITaxon:65647 VSMO:0000633 Ixodes holocyclus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of holocyclus. COMMENT: Also called the Australian paraysis tick. Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Rickettsia australis ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of sanguineus. COMMENT: Also called the brown dog tick. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: African horse sickness virus Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma platys Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia conradae Babesia gibsoni Babesia perroncitoi Babesia trautmanni Coxiella burnetii Dugbe virus Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichia ewingii Francisella tularensis Hepatozoon americanum Hepatozoon canis Nairobi sheep disease virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia rickettsii Rickettsia sibirica Theileria equi Theileria parva akila 2010-04-05T10:54:32Z NCBITaxon:34632 VSMO:0000635 Rhipicephalus sanguineus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of sanguineus. COMMENT: Also called the brown dog tick. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: African horse sickness virus Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma platys Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia conradae Babesia gibsoni Babesia perroncitoi Babesia trautmanni Coxiella burnetii Dugbe virus Ehrlichia canis Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichia ewingii Francisella tularensis Hepatozoon americanum Hepatozoon canis Nairobi sheep disease virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia rickettsii Rickettsia sibirica Theileria equi Theileria parva ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Forcipomyia with the species designation of townsvillensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis akila 2010-04-05T12:06:21Z NCBITaxon:1055119 VSMO:0000646 Forcipomyia townsvillensis A biting midge of Genus Forcipomyia with the species designation of townsvillensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of albopictus. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus Japanese encephalitis virus La Crosse virus Mayaro virus Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus yellow fever virus akila 2010-04-05T12:16:08Z MIRO:40000522 NCBITaxon:7160 Culex albopictus Skuse Stegomyia albopictus Stegomyia nigritia Ludlow Stegomyia quasinigritia Ludlow Stegomyia scutellaris ssp. samarensis Ludlow VSMO:0000647 Aedes albopictus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of albopictus. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus Japanese encephalitis virus La Crosse virus Mayaro virus Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus yellow fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:10761580 PMID:14195513 PMID:19067628 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of atropalpus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Plasmodium gallinaceum Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-05T12:25:33Z MIRO:40000977 NCBITaxon:28624 Ochlerotatus atropalpus VSMO:0000649 Aedes atropalpus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of atropalpus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Plasmodium gallinaceum Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cantator. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Rift Valley fever virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-05T12:27:44Z MIRO:40001000 NCBITaxon:329102 Culex cantator Coquillett Ochlerotatus cantator VSMO:0000652 Aedes cantator A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cantator. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Rift Valley fever virus West Nile virus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of erythrothorax. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T08:49:22Z MIRO:40002561 NCBITaxon:42428 Culex badgeri Dyar Culex federalis Dyar Pseudotaeniorhynchus quasigelidus var. arabiensis Theobald VSMO:0000653 Culex erythrothorax A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of erythrothorax. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of nigripalpus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Plasmodium hermani Rift Valley fever virus St. Louis encephalitis West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T08:54:24Z MIRO:40002622 NCBITaxon:42429 Culex azuayus Levi-Castillo Culex caraibeus Howard, Dyar, and Knab Culex carmodyae Dyar and Knab Culex factor Dyar and Knab Culex flavipes var. biocellatus Theobald Culex microsquamosus Theobald Culex mortificator Dyar and Knab Culex palus Theobald Culex prasinopleurus Martini Culex prorimus Dyar and Knab Culex regulator Dyar and Knab Culex similis Theobald Trichopronomyia microannulata Theobald VSMO:0000654 Culex nigripalpus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of nigripalpus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Plasmodium hermani Rift Valley fever virus St. Louis encephalitis West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of restuans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T08:56:57Z MIRO:40002657 NCBITaxon:38742 Culex brehmei Knab VSMO:0000655 Culex restuans A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of restuans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of tarsalis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Ilheus virus Japanese encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus St. Louis encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus Suspected vector of: Cache Valley virus akila 2010-04-06T08:57:17Z MIRO:40002687 NCBITaxon:7177 Culex kelloggii Theobald Culex willistoni Giles VSMO:0000656 Culex tarsalis A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of tarsalis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Ilheus virus Japanese encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus St. Louis encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus Suspected vector of: Cache Valley virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:15691009 PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of argyritarsis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T09:04:02Z MIRO:40000152 NCBITaxon:58241 Cellia rooti Brethes VSMO:0000660 Anopheles argyritarsis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of argyritarsis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of darlingi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T09:05:50Z MIRO:40000155 NCBITaxon:43151 Anopheles darlingi var. paulistensis Galvao VSMO:0000661 Anopheles darlingi A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of darlingi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of neivai. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Suspected vector of: Guaroa virus akila 2010-04-06T09:21:48Z MIRO:40003640 NCBITaxon:139046 Anopheles hylephilus Dyar and Knab VSMO:0000662 Anopheles neivai A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of neivai. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Suspected vector of: Guaroa virus ISBN:1402014139 PMID:20712879 VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of aztecus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T09:23:05Z MIRO:40000034 NCBITaxon:49915 Anopheles maculipennis ssp. aztecus Hoffmann VSMO:0000663 Anopheles aztecus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of aztecus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Collection of vertebrates by means of a trap to determine which species are present and how commonly they occur. COMMENT: Can include mark-release-recapture to determine the abundance of a vertebrate species through a mark-release-recapture index. leisen 2012-01-04T12:14:46Z VSMO:0000664 trapping of vertebrate Collection of vertebrates by means of a trap to determine which species are present and how commonly they occur. COMMENT: Can include mark-release-recapture to determine the abundance of a vertebrate species through a mark-release-recapture index. VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of freeborni. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus akila 2010-04-06T09:26:33Z MIRO:40000090 NCBITaxon:7170 Anopheles maculipennis ssp. freeborni Aitken VSMO:0000665 Anopheles freeborni A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of freeborni. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pseudopunctipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T09:27:30Z MIRO:40003429 NCBITaxon:46955 Anopheles argentinus Brethes Anopheles peruvianus Tamayo Anopheles tucumanus Lahille VSMO:0000666 Anopheles pseudopunctipennis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pseudopunctipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of punctimacula. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T09:29:47Z MIRO:40003438 NCBITaxon:190378 Anopheles strigimacula Dyar and Knab Anopheles venezuelae Evans VSMO:0000667 Anopheles punctimacula A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of punctimacula. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of quadrimaculatus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Semliki Forest virus Tensaw virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus akila 2010-04-06T09:32:11Z MIRO:40003441 NCBITaxon:7166 Anopheles annulimanus Van der Wulp VSMO:0000669 Anopheles quadrimaculatus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of quadrimaculatus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Semliki Forest virus Tensaw virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp The process of gathering arthropods from a vertebrate host. COMMENT: Direct collection of ectoparasitic arthropods (for example hard ticks or fleas) from their vertebrate hosts is used to determine on-host abundance. leisen 2012-01-04T12:30:44Z VSMO:0000670 collection of arthropods from vertebrate host The process of gathering arthropods from a vertebrate host. COMMENT: Direct collection of ectoparasitic arthropods (for example hard ticks or fleas) from their vertebrate hosts is used to determine on-host abundance. VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of triseriatus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus Dirofilaria immitis Everglades virus La Crosse virus Rift Valley fever virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus Suspected vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus akila 2010-04-06T09:41:56Z MIRO:40001206 NCBITaxon:7162 Culex triseriatus Say Finlaya nigra Ludlow Ochlerotatus triseriatus VSMO:0000671 Aedes triseriatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of triseriatus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus Dirofilaria immitis Everglades virus La Crosse virus Rift Valley fever virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus Suspected vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:15691009 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of canadensis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus Rift Valley fever virus snowshoe hare virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus Suspected vector of: La Crosse virus akila 2010-04-06T09:44:40Z MIRO:40000996 NCBITaxon:228917 Culex canadensis Theobald) Culex nivitarsis Coquillett Ochlerotatus canadensis VSMO:0000673 Aedes canadensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of canadensis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus Rift Valley fever virus snowshoe hare virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus Suspected vector of: La Crosse virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of dorsalis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus Suspected vector of: Cache Valley virus (suspected vector) akila 2010-04-06T09:45:42Z MIRO:40001002 NCBITaxon:663928 Culex dorsalis Meigen Ochlerotatus dorsalis VSMO:0000674 Aedes dorsalis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of dorsalis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus Suspected vector of: Cache Valley virus (suspected vector) ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of infirmatus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis trivittatus virus akila 2010-04-06T09:46:53Z MIRO:40001059 Ochlerotatus infirmatus VSMO:0000675 Aedes infirmatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of infirmatus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis trivittatus virus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of melanimon. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: California encephalitis virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus West Nile virus Suspected vector of: Cache Valley virus akila 2010-04-06T09:51:20Z MIRO:40001077 NCBITaxon:767022 Aedes klotsi Matheson Aedes mediolineata (Ludlow) Ochlerotatus melanimon VSMO:0000676 Aedes melanimon A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of melanimon. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: California encephalitis virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus West Nile virus Suspected vector of: Cache Valley virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of scapularis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Ilheus virus Mayaro virus Wuchereria bancrofti yellow fever virus akila 2010-04-06T09:51:20Z MIRO:40001126 NCBITaxon:571210 Aedes camposanus Dyar. Aedes hemisurus Dyar and Knab Aedes indolescens Dyar and Knab Culex scapularis Rondani Ochlerotatus confirmatus Lynch Arribalzaga Ochlerotatus scapularis VSMO:0000677 Aedes scapularis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of scapularis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Ilheus virus Mayaro virus Wuchereria bancrofti yellow fever virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of trivittatus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis trivittatus virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus akila 2010-04-06T09:51:20Z MIRO:40001159 NCBITaxon:228918 Culex trivittatus Coquillett Culex inconspicuus Grossbeck Ochlerotatus trivittatus VSMO:0000678 Aedes trivittatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of trivittatus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis trivittatus virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of japonicus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Japanese encephalitis virus La Crosse virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T10:01:57Z MIRO:40000761 NCBITaxon:140438 Aedes bisanensis Suzuki, Tanimura, Miyagawa and Murata Aedes eucleptes Dyar Aedes tokushimaensis Tanimura Culex japonicus Theobald Ohlerotatus japonicus VSMO:0000679 Aedes japonicus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of japonicus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Japanese encephalitis virus La Crosse virus West Nile virus PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors Coquillettidia is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-04-06T10:09:16Z NCBITaxon:329110 VSMO:0000680 Coquillettidia Coquillettidia is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of perturbans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Cache Valley virus eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T10:16:19Z MIRO:40002347 NCBITaxon:329111 Culex ochropus Dyar and Knab Culex perturbans Walker Culex testaceus Van der Wulp VSMO:0000683 Coquillettidia perturbans A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of perturbans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Cache Valley virus eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus West Nile virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors Psorophora is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-04-06T10:25:13Z NCBITaxon:7182 VSMO:0000684 Psorophora Psorophora is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of ferox. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Ilheus virus Mucambo virus (subtype IIIC virus) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus Suspected vector of: wyeomyia virus akila 2010-04-06T10:25:25Z MIRO:40001328 NCBITaxon:7183 Aedes pazosi Pazos Culex ferox Von Humboldt Culex musicus Say Culex posticatus Wiedemann Janthinosoma centrale Brethes Janthinosoma coquillettii Theobald Janthinosoma echinata Grabham Janthinosoma sayi Dyar and Knab Janthinosoma sayi Theobald Janthinosoma sayi var. jamaicensis Theobald Janthinosoma terminalis Coquillett Janthinosoma vanhalli Dyar and Knab VSMO:0000685 Psorophora ferox A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of ferox. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Ilheus virus Mucambo virus (subtype IIIC virus) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus Suspected vector of: wyeomyia virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16646325 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors Mansonia is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-04-06T10:35:28Z NCBITaxon:149459 VSMO:0000686 Mansonia Mansonia is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of titillans. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus akila 2010-04-06T10:35:55Z MIRO:40001265 NCBITaxon:869066 Culex titillans (Walker) VSMO:0000687 Mansonia titillans A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of titillans. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Culiseta is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-04-06T10:39:48Z NCBITaxon:174825 VSMO:0000688 Culiseta Culiseta is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of melanura. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Highlands J virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T10:40:16Z MIRO:40002381 NCBITaxon:329109 Culex melanura Coquillett VSMO:0000689 Culiseta melanura A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of melanura. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Highlands J virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of inornata. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Cache Valley virus California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus Japanese encephalitis virus snowshoe hare virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus akila 2010-04-06T10:40:45Z MIRO:40002409 NCBITaxon:704160 Culex inornata Williston Culiseta magnipennis Felt VSMO:0000690 Culiseta inornata A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of inornata. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Cache Valley virus California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus Japanese encephalitis virus snowshoe hare virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:15691009 PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of vexans. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Getah virus Japanese encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Setaria labiatopapillosa St. Louis encephalitis virus Tahyna virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus Suspected vector of: Wesselsbron virus akila 2010-04-06T10:45:46Z MIRO:40000372 NCBITaxon:7163 Aedes euochrus Howard, Dyar and Knab Culex articulatus Rondani Culex malariae Grassi Culex montcalmi Blanchard Culex parvus Macquart Culex sudanensis Theobald Culex sylvestris Theobald Culex vexans Meigen Culicada eruthrosops Theobald Culicada minuta Theobald VSMO:0000691 Aedes vexans A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of vexans. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Getah virus Japanese encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Setaria labiatopapillosa St. Louis encephalitis virus Tahyna virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus Suspected vector of: Wesselsbron virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:15691009 PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors The biological process of reproduction conducted by an arthropod. slozano 2012-08-17T02:43:44Z biological_process VSMO:0000692 arthropod reproduction The biological process of reproduction conducted by an arthropod. VSMO:Author A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of atroparvus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T10:49:00Z MIRO:40000032 NCBITaxon:41427 Anopheles atroparvus race cambournaci Roubaud and Treillard Anopheles maculipennis var. atroparvus Van Thiel Anopheles maculipennis var. fallax Roubaud VSMO:0000693 Anopheles atroparvus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of atroparvus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of claviger. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T10:49:00Z MIRO:40000058 NCBITaxon:120868 Anopheles algeriensis var. turkestani Shingarev Anopheles amaurus Martini Anopheles bifurcatus var. missiroli Del Vecchio Anopheles chabibi Mulligan and Puri Anopheles claviger var. pollutus Canamares Anopheles grisescens Stephens Anopheles villosus Robineau-Desvoidy Culex claviger Meigen VSMO:0000694 Anopheles claviger A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of claviger. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of messeae. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T10:49:00Z MIRO:40000139 NCBITaxon:41430 Anopheles claviger var. messeae Falleroni VSMO:0000695 Anopheles messeae A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of messeae. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sacharovi. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T10:49:00Z MIRO:40003445 NCBITaxon:72408 Anopheles elutus Edwards VSMO:0000696 Anopheles sacharovi A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sacharovi. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of arabiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:00:34Z MIRO:40002224 NCBITaxon:7173 VSMO:0000697 Anopheles arabiensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of arabiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of moucheti. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T11:00:34Z MIRO:40003540 NCBITaxon:186751 Anopheles marshalli var. moucheti Evans Anopheles nigeriensis Evans VSMO:0000698 Anopheles moucheti A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of moucheti. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of multicolor. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T11:00:34Z MIRO:40003546 NCBITaxon:273151 Anopheles impunctus Doenitz Pyretophorus chaudoyei Theobald Pyretophorus nigrifasciatus Theobald VSMO:0000699 Anopheles multicolor A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of multicolor. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pulcherrimus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T11:00:34Z MIRO:40003570 NCBITaxon:159154 Cellia pulcherrimus var. atropotenae Lindtrop VSMO:0000700 Anopheles pulcherrimus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pulcherrimus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sergentii. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T11:00:34Z MIRO:40003593 NCBITaxon:273454 Anopheles macmahoni var. barkhuusi Giaquinto-Mira Pyretophorus sergentii Theobald VSMO:0000701 Anopheles sergentii A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sergentii. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of superpictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T11:00:34Z MIRO:40003606 NCBITaxon:262673 Anopheles atheniensis Cardamatis Anopheles hellenicus Peus Anopheles superpictus var. berestnevi Shingarev Anopheles superpictus var. vassilievii Portschinsky Pyretophorus cardamatisi Newstead and Carter Pyretophorus nursei Theobald Pyretophorus palestinensis Theobald Pyretophorus superpictus var. macedoniensis Cot and Hovasse VSMO:0000702 Anopheles superpictus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of superpictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of antennatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:17:34Z MIRO:40002501 Anopheles antennatus Becker Culex laurenti Newstead VSMO:0000703 Culex antennatus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of antennatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of bitaeniorhynchus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:17:34Z MIRO:40002524 NCBITaxon:69822 Culicelsa abdominalis Taylor Taeniorhynchus ager var. ethiopicus Edwards. Taeniorhynchus ager Giles VSMO:0000704 Culex bitaeniorhynchus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of bitaeniorhynchus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:18973445 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of gelidus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T11:17:34Z MIRO:40002567 NCBITaxon:308713 Culex cuneatus Theobald Meucomyia bipunctata Theobald VSMO:0000705 Culex gelidus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of gelidus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:18973445 PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of sitiens. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Japanese encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:17:34Z MIRO:40002675 NCBITaxon:162998 Culex gnophodes Theobald Culex impellens Walker Culex jepsoni Theobald Culex mauritanicus Callot. Culex microannulatus Theobald Culex nigricephala Leicester Culex saibaii Taylor Culex salinus Baisas Culex somaliensis Neveu-Lemaire Culicada annulata Taylor Culicelsa annulirostris var. milni Taylor Culicelsa paludis Taylor salus Theobald VSMO:0000706 Culex sitiens A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of sitiens. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Japanese encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:18973445 PMID:19067628 PMID:19941975 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of tritaeniorhynchus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Getah virus Japanese encephalitis virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T11:17:34Z MIRO:40002701 NCBITaxon:7178 Culex biroi Theobald Culex summorosus Dyar Culex tritaeniorhynchus var. siamensis Barraud and Christophers VSMO:0000707 Culex tritaeniorhynchus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of tritaeniorhynchus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Getah virus Japanese encephalitis virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of univittatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Sindbis virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-06T11:17:34Z MIRO:40002704 NCBITaxon:420550 Culex ataeniatus Theobald. Culex goughii Theobald Heptaphlebomyia simplex Theobald Heptaphleobmyia montforti Ventrillon VSMO:0000708 Culex univittatus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of univittatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Sindbis virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of uniformis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Bunyamwera virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:34:12Z MIRO:40001278 NCBITaxon:308735 Mansonia marquesensis Dyar Panoplites africanus var. reversus Theobald Panoplites australiensis Giles Panoplites uniformis Theobald VSMO:0000709 Mansonia uniformis A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of uniformis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Bunyamwera virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:19941975 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of fuscopennata. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus akila 2010-04-06T11:54:05Z MIRO:40002328 NCBITaxon:667558 Chrysoconops bakeri Theobald Culex drymoecius Speiser Taeniorhynchus fuscopennata Theobald. VSMO:0000711 Coquillettidia fuscopennata A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of fuscopennata. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of funestus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: o'nyong-nyong virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:57:35Z MIRO:40003834 NCBITaxon:62324 Anopheles funestus var. anisochloros Theobald Anopheles funestus var. subumbrosa Theobald Anopheles funestus var. umbrosa Theobald Anopheles hebes Doenitz Anopheles imerinensis Monier and Treillard Anopheles kumasii Chalmers Myzomyia bisignata Grunberg VSMO:0000712 Anopheles funestus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of funestus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: o'nyong-nyong virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of melas. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:57:35Z MIRO:40003532 NCBITaxon:34690 Anopheles costalis var. melas Theobald. VSMO:0000715 Anopheles melas A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of melas. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of merus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:57:35Z MIRO:40003534 NCBITaxon:30066 Anopheles merus ssp. litoralis Halcrow Anopheles tangensis Kuhlow VSMO:0000716 Anopheles merus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of merus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of nili. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T11:57:35Z MIRO:40003551 NCBITaxon:185578 Anopheles funesta var. nigra Christophers Myzomyia nili Theobald Myzomyia unicolor Grunberg VSMO:0000717 Anopheles nili A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of nili. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated plastic sheet. COMMENT: Can be used to prevent intrusion of vectors into an indoor environment or temporary shelter. leisen 2012-01-04T01:16:55Z VSMO:0000718 use of pesticide-impregnated plastic sheet The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated plastic sheet. COMMENT: Can be used to prevent intrusion of vectors into an indoor environment or temporary shelter. VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of africanus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus yellow fever virus Suspected vector of: Orungo virus (suspected vector) Rift Valley fever virus (suspected vector) Zika virus (suspected vector) akila 2010-04-06T12:15:10Z MIRO:40000520 NCBITaxon:667568 Stegomyia africanus VSMO:0000719 Aedes africanus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of africanus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus yellow fever virus Suspected vector of: Orungo virus (suspected vector) Rift Valley fever virus (suspected vector) Zika virus (suspected vector) ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of mcintoshi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Australia. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus akila 2010-04-06T12:18:07Z MIRO:40000487 VSMO:0000721 Aedes mcintoshi A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of mcintoshi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Australia. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of furcifer. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus yellow fever virus akila 2010-04-06T12:35:43Z MIRO:40000424 NCBITaxon:299627 Diceromyia africana Theobald Mansonia nigra Theobald VSMO:0000722 Aedes furcifer A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of furcifer. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus yellow fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of taylori. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus yellow fever virus Suspected vector of: dengue virus akila 2010-04-06T12:38:37Z MIRO:40000442 NCBITaxon:299628 VSMO:0000723 Aedes taylori A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of taylori. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus yellow fever virus Suspected vector of: dengue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of albifasciatus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: western equine encephalomyelitis virus akila 2010-04-06T12:43:02Z MIRO:40000967 Aedes colonarius Dyar Aedes philippii Dyar Culex albifasciatus Macquart Culex annuliferus E. Blanchard Culex flavipes Macquart Culex vittatus Philippi Ochlerotatus albifasciatus VSMO:0000725 Aedes albifasciatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of albifasciatus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: western equine encephalomyelitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of taeniorhynchus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis Everglades virus Rift Valley fever virus St. Louis encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T12:44:16Z MIRO:40001152 NCBITaxon:329105 Aedes epinolus Dyar and Knab Aedes pix Martini. Culex damnosus Say Culex portoricensis Ludlow Culex taeniorhynchus Wiedemann Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus Taeniorhynchus niger Giles VSMO:0000726 Aedes taeniorhynchus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of taeniorhynchus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis Everglades virus Rift Valley fever virus St. Louis encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 PMID:14651460 PMID:15691009 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors Powered trap, developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and designated the CDC light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods, and which can be enhanced with an olfactory attractant. COMMENT: The original model was made from a 1-ft length of 3 1/4 inch internal diameter plexiglas tubing, slotted on each side to receive a metal bracket. A 4.5-V d.c. motor was mounted on the bracket and a 2 5/8 inches two-bladed fan made from plastic or aluminum was fixed on its spindle. A 4-V torch bulb was mounted directly above the motor at the top of the trap body. The motor and light-bulb drew 0.15 A each. A detachable wire mesh screen was placed over the entrance of the trap body to exclude large insects. A fine cloth mesh bag with a long narrow neck was fitted to the end of the trap body to receive the catch. Finally, a large plastic or metal flat cover was placed above the trap to protect it from rain when used outdoors. There have been many changes to the original design of the CDC trap, some of the most important involve substituting 1.5-V D-cell torch batteries, or 1.25-V nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries, or more recently a 6-V gel-cell battery, for the original motorcycle battery. Other changes include the employment of much more efficient miniature motors and 4- bladed or multi-bladed fans to ensure a better flow of air through the trap, incorporation of automatic timers to switch traps on and off, segregating mechanisms for sorting the catch into time-intervals, and frequently the use of less powerful lights, such as grain of wheat bulbs, although this is usually accompanied by supplementation with dry ice. 2012-01-05T01:41:38Z VSMO:0000727 CDC light trap Powered trap, developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and designated the CDC light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods, and which can be enhanced with an olfactory attractant. COMMENT: The original model was made from a 1-ft length of 3 1/4 inch internal diameter plexiglas tubing, slotted on each side to receive a metal bracket. A 4.5-V d.c. motor was mounted on the bracket and a 2 5/8 inches two-bladed fan made from plastic or aluminum was fixed on its spindle. A 4-V torch bulb was mounted directly above the motor at the top of the trap body. The motor and light-bulb drew 0.15 A each. A detachable wire mesh screen was placed over the entrance of the trap body to exclude large insects. A fine cloth mesh bag with a long narrow neck was fitted to the end of the trap body to receive the catch. Finally, a large plastic or metal flat cover was placed above the trap to protect it from rain when used outdoors. There have been many changes to the original design of the CDC trap, some of the most important involve substituting 1.5-V D-cell torch batteries, or 1.25-V nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries, or more recently a 6-V gel-cell battery, for the original motorcycle battery. Other changes include the employment of much more efficient miniature motors and 4- bladed or multi-bladed fans to ensure a better flow of air through the trap, incorporation of automatic timers to switch traps on and off, segregating mechanisms for sorting the catch into time-intervals, and frequently the use of less powerful lights, such as grain of wheat bulbs, although this is usually accompanied by supplementation with dry ice. ISBN:9781402066658 A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of bellator. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T12:50:18Z MIRO:40003633 NCBITaxon:139047 Anopheles bellator bromelicola Dyar VSMO:0000728 Anopheles bellator A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of bellator. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of cruzii. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T12:51:44Z MIRO:40003635 NCBITaxon:68878 Anopheles lutzii Theobald Anopheles montemor Correa Myzorhynchella adolphoi Neiva VSMO:0000729 Anopheles cruzii A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of cruzii. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of albitarsis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T12:52:57Z MIRO:40000151 NCBITaxon:58236 Anopheles albitarsis ssp. imperfectus Correa and Ramos Anopheles albitarsis var. limai Galvao and Lane VSMO:0000730 Anopheles albitarsis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of albitarsis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of aquasalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-06T12:54:26Z MIRO:40000150 NCBITaxon:42839 Anopheles aquasalis var. delta Anduze Anopheles aquasalis var. guarauno Anduze Anopheles deltaorinoquensis Cova Garcia, Pulido and Amarista Anopheles emilianus Komp Anopheles oswaldoi var. guarujaensis Ramos Anopheles tarsimaculatus var. aquasalis Curry VSMO:0000731 Anopheles aquasalis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of aquasalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A commonly used and commercially available version of the CDC light trap. leisen 2012-01-05T01:56:53Z VSMO:0000732 CDC miniature light trap model 512 A commonly used and commercially available version of the CDC light trap. VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of braziliensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-06T12:57:35Z MIRO:40000154 NCBITaxon:58242 Anopheles pessoai Galvao and Lane Cellia braziliensis Chagas VSMO:0000733 Anopheles braziliensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of braziliensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Haemagogus is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-04-06T01:06:44Z NCBITaxon:7180 VSMO:0000738 Haemagogus Haemagogus is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of leucocelaenus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: yellow fever virus akila 2010-04-06T01:08:03Z MIRO:40003260 Aedes leucocelaenus Dyar and Shannon Haemagogus leucomelas Lutz, VSMO:0000739 Haemagogus leucocelaenus A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of leucocelaenus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: yellow fever virus ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of janthinomys. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: yellow fever virus Suspected vector of: Mayaro virus akila 2010-04-06T01:08:03Z MIRO:40003278 Haemagogus capricornii ssp. petrocchiae Martinez, Carcavallo, and Prosen Haemagogus spegazzinii ssp. falco Kumm, Osorno-Mesa, and Boshell-Manrique Haemagogus uriartei var. obscurescens Martini VSMO:0000740 Haemagogus janthinomys A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of janthinomys. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: yellow fever virus Suspected vector of: Mayaro virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of spegazzinii. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: yellow fever virus akila 2010-04-06T01:08:03Z MIRO:40003285 Haemagogus lindneri Martini Haemagogus uriartei Shannon and Del Ponte VSMO:0000741 Haemagogus spegazzinii A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of spegazzinii. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: yellow fever virus ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of fijiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T10:17:51Z MIRO:40000727 VSMO:0000742 Aedes fijiensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of fijiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of kochi. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T10:20:01Z MIRO:40000771 Culex kochi Donitz VSMO:0000743 Aedes kochi A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of kochi. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:18973445 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of oceanicus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Brugia malayi Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T10:22:00Z MIRO:40000810 VSMO:0000744 Aedes oceanicus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of oceanicus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Brugia malayi Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of poicilius. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T10:35:53Z MIRO:40000820 Finlaya poicilia Theobald VSMO:0000745 Aedes poicilius A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of poicilius. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of samoanus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T10:36:47Z MIRO:40000834 Finlaya samoanus Grunberg VSMO:0000746 Aedes samoanus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of samoanus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of togoi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and North America. Vector of: Brugia malayi chikungunya virus Semliki Forest virus Setaria digitata Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T10:38:56Z NCBITaxon:55967 Culicelsa togoi Theobald VSMO:0000747 Aedes togoi A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of togoi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and North America. Vector of: Brugia malayi chikungunya virus Semliki Forest virus Setaria digitata Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of normanensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Gan Gan virus Kokobera virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus akila 2010-04-07T10:42:35Z MIRO:40001093 Culex normanensis Taylor Ochlerotatus normanensis VSMO:0000749 Aedes normanensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of normanensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Gan Gan virus Kokobera virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of vigilax. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Dirofilaria immitis Gan Gan virus Japanese encephalitis virus Kokobera virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti yellow fever virus Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus akila 2010-04-07T10:42:59Z MIRO:40001164 Culex albirostris Macquart Culex annulifera Ludlow Culex marinus Theobald Culex vigilax Skuse Culicelsa pseudovigilax Theobald Culicelsa uniformis Strickland Ochlerotatus vigilax VSMO:0000750 Aedes vigilax A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of vigilax. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Dirofilaria immitis Gan Gan virus Japanese encephalitis virus Kokobera virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti yellow fever virus Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:18973445 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cooki. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus akila 2010-04-07T10:47:27Z MIRO:40000540 Stegomyia cooki VSMO:0000751 Aedes cooki A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cooki. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus ISBN:9780851989693 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of polynesiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue vrius Ross River virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T10:48:41Z MIRO:40000607 NCBITaxon:188700 Stegomyia polynesiensis VSMO:0000752 Aedes polynesiensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of polynesiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue vrius Ross River virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14195513 PMID:19941975 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of scutellaris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: dengue virus Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T10:49:55Z MIRO:40000623 NCBITaxon:373850 Culex scutellaris Walker Culex variegatus Doleschall Culex zonatipes Walker Stegomyia scutellaris VSMO:0000753 Aedes scutellaris A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of scutellaris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: dengue virus Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14195513 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of bancroftii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Sindbis virus Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus akila 2010-04-07T10:55:47Z MIRO:40000038 NCBITaxon:59136 VSMO:0000755 Anopheles bancroftii A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of bancroftii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Sindbis virus Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Powered trap, designated the standard New Jersey light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The New Jersey trap consists of a 12-inch vertical metal cylinder, 9 inches in diameter which is covered by a conical metal roof 16 inches in diameter, supported 2 inches from the top of the cylinder by three equally spaced metal struts (3 1/16 inches x 1 1/4 inches). These struts are attached to the outside of the cylinder and extend 8 inches beyond it to form legs. In later models the body was lengthened and the legs eliminated. A 25-W light-bulb is inserted into a socket fixed to the underside of the apex of the conical roof. The entrance to the cylinder is usually covered with a mesh horizontal screen to exclude large insects. Mosquitoes attracted to the light are drawn into the cylinder by an 8-inch diameter fan mounted near the top of the cylinder. A removable funnel of 16-wire mesh is placed within the cylinder just below the fan to guide the catch down into a collecting jar, which is usually screwed into position. This jar is frequently charged with a killing agent. leisen 2012-01-05T01:58:26Z VSMO:0000756 standard New Jersey light trap Powered trap, designated the standard New Jersey light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The New Jersey trap consists of a 12-inch vertical metal cylinder, 9 inches in diameter which is covered by a conical metal roof 16 inches in diameter, supported 2 inches from the top of the cylinder by three equally spaced metal struts (3 1/16 inches x 1 1/4 inches). These struts are attached to the outside of the cylinder and extend 8 inches beyond it to form legs. In later models the body was lengthened and the legs eliminated. A 25-W light-bulb is inserted into a socket fixed to the underside of the apex of the conical roof. The entrance to the cylinder is usually covered with a mesh horizontal screen to exclude large insects. Mosquitoes attracted to the light are drawn into the cylinder by an 8-inch diameter fan mounted near the top of the cylinder. A removable funnel of 16-wire mesh is placed within the cylinder just below the fan to guide the catch down into a collecting jar, which is usually screwed into position. This jar is frequently charged with a killing agent. ISBN:9781402066658 A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of campestris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-07T11:03:16Z MIRO:40000054 NCBITaxon:453036 VSMO:0000757 Anopheles campestris A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of campestris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of donaldi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T11:08:40Z MIRO:40000078 VSMO:0000758 Anopheles donaldi A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of donaldi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of labranchiae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-07T11:09:43Z MIRO:40000120 NCBITaxon:41428 Anopheles claviger var. labranchiae Falleroni Anopheles maculipennis ssp. pergusae Missiroli Anopheles maculipennis ssp. sicaulti Roubaud VSMO:0000759 Anopheles labranchiae A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of labranchiae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Powered trap, designated the AMSS light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods, and which can be enhanced with an olfactory attractant. COMMENT: The AMSS (or SSAM) is essentially an improved CDC light-trap. The 6-V d.c. motor is a Mabuchi RF510T, chosen because it gives optimum rev./min over a wide range of operating voltages. The light-bulb is either a Chicago Miniature Lamp No.503 or 1490, chosen because they have a long life and relatively high light output. The battery of choice is a gel-cell 6-V, 7.5-Amphr rechargeable sealed battery, which provides a relatively constant operating voltage for a long time. A 14-inch diameter aluminum pizza pan is used as a lid. A light cell automatically switches the lamp and fan on at dusk, while at dawn increasing light switches the lamp off, but the fan continues to run, thus preventing mosquitoes from escaping. leisen 2012-01-05T02:05:19Z U.S. Army Miniature Solid State light trap VSMO:0000760 AMSS light trap Powered trap, designated the AMSS light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods, and which can be enhanced with an olfactory attractant. COMMENT: The AMSS (or SSAM) is essentially an improved CDC light-trap. The 6-V d.c. motor is a Mabuchi RF510T, chosen because it gives optimum rev./min over a wide range of operating voltages. The light-bulb is either a Chicago Miniature Lamp No.503 or 1490, chosen because they have a long life and relatively high light output. The battery of choice is a gel-cell 6-V, 7.5-Amphr rechargeable sealed battery, which provides a relatively constant operating voltage for a long time. A 14-inch diameter aluminum pizza pan is used as a lid. A light cell automatically switches the lamp and fan on at dusk, while at dawn increasing light switches the lamp off, but the fan continues to run, thus preventing mosquitoes from escaping. ISBN:9781402066658 A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of letifer. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T11:12:41Z MIRO:40000122 NCBITaxon:1137572 VSMO:0000761 Anopheles letifer A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of letifer. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of nigerrimus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T11:15:01Z MIRO:40003404 NCBITaxon:209202 Anopheles bentleyi Bentley Anopheles sinensis ssp. indiensis Theobald Anopheles venhuisi Bonne-Wepster Anopheles williamsoni Baisas and Hu Myzorhynchus minutus Theobald VSMO:0000762 Anopheles nigerrimus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of nigerrimus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sinensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Setaria digitata Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T11:16:09Z MIRO:40003452 NCBITaxon:74873 Anopheles jesoensis Tsuzuki Anopheles plumiger Doenitz VSMO:0000763 Anopheles sinensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sinensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Setaria digitata Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of whartoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T11:18:53Z MIRO:40003471 VSMO:0000764 Anopheles whartoni A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of whartoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of aconitus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T11:20:49Z MIRO:40002218 NCBITaxon:93947 Myzomyia albirostris Theobald Myzomyia brahmacharii Christophers VSMO:0000765 Anopheles aconitus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of aconitus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of annularis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-07T12:03:50Z MIRO:40002220 NCBITaxon:59163 Anopheles fuliginosus Giles Anopheles jamesii Liston Anopheles leucopus Doenitz Chagasia lineata Ludlow Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus var. adiei James and Liston Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus var. nagpori James and Liston VSMO:0000766 Anopheles annularis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of annularis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of flavirostris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T12:04:52Z MIRO:40002282 NCBITaxon:59147 Myzomyia aconita var. merak (cohesia) Mangkoewinoto Myzomyia flavirostris Ludlow VSMO:0000767 Anopheles flavirostris A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of flavirostris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of fluviatilis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-07T12:05:44Z MIRO:40003475 NCBITaxon:111615 Anopheles funestus var. arabica Christophers and Chand Anopheles listonii Liston Myzomyia leptomeres Theobald VSMO:0000768 Anopheles fluviatilis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of fluviatilis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of jeyporiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T12:06:36Z MIRO:40003500 NCBITaxon:107326 Anopheles aconitus var. tonkinensis Toumanoff Anopheles candidiensis Koidzumi VSMO:0000769 Anopheles jeyporiensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of jeyporiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of karwari. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) akila 2010-04-07T12:07:25Z MIRO:40003501 NCBITaxon:59148 Anopheles nigrans Stanton Nyssorhynchus karwari James VSMO:0000770 Anopheles karwari A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of karwari. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of koliensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T12:09:17Z MIRO:40003506 NCBITaxon:30065 VSMO:0000771 Anopheles koliensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of koliensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of crassipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium gallinaceum akila 2010-04-07T12:10:53Z MIRO:40002323 Chrysoconops pygmaeus Theobald Culex crassipes Van der Wulp Mansonia crassipes Mansonia diaeretus Dyar Taeniorhynchus brevicellulus Theobald VSMO:0000772 Coquillettidia crassipes A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of crassipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium gallinaceum ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of annulirostris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Dirofilaria immitis Gan Gan virus Japanese encephalitis virus Kokobera virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus akila 2010-04-07T12:34:04Z MIRO:40002497 NCBITaxon:162997 Culex jepsoni Bahr Culex palmi Baisas Culex somerseti Taylor Culicelsa consimilis Taylor Culicelsa simplex Taylor VSMO:0000773 Culex annulirostris A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of annulirostris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Dirofilaria immitis Gan Gan virus Japanese encephalitis virus Kokobera virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 PMID:18973445 PMID:19067628 PMID:19941975 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of vishnui. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus akila 2010-04-07T12:35:30Z MIRO:40002714 NCBITaxon:100678 VSMO:0000774 Culex vishnui A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of vishnui. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of annulata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi akila 2010-04-07T12:37:06Z MIRO:40001270 VSMO:0000775 Mansonia annulata A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of annulata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of bonneae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi akila 2010-04-07T12:37:57Z MIRO:40001272 NCBITaxon:1038078 VSMO:0000776 Mansonia bonneae A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of bonneae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of dives. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T12:38:44Z MIRO:40001273 NCBITaxon:149460 Culex annulipes Walker Culex longipalpis Van der Wulp VSMO:0000777 Mansonia dives A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of dives. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of indiana. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Wuchereria bancrofti akila 2010-04-07T12:39:58Z MIRO:40001274 VSMO:0000778 Mansonia indiana A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of indiana. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Armigeres is a Genus in Family Culicidae. akila 2010-04-07T12:41:57Z NCBITaxon:124916 VSMO:0000779 Armigeres Armigeres is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Armigeres with the species designation of obturbans. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: dengue virus Setaria digitata akila 2010-04-07T12:42:23Z MIRO:40000230 NCBITaxon:149458 Culex obturbans Walker VSMO:0000780 Armigeres obturbans A mosquito of Genus Armigeres with the species designation of obturbans. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: dengue virus Setaria digitata ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14195513 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of persicus. COMMENT: Also called fowl tick, poultry tick, or adobe tick. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum Anaplasma marginale Borrelia anserina Kyasanur Forest disease virus akila 2010-04-08T09:54:17Z NCBITaxon:34603 VSMO:0000781 Argas persicus A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of persicus. COMMENT: Also called fowl tick, poultry tick, or adobe tick. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum Anaplasma marginale Borrelia anserina Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of marginatus. COMMENT: Also called the ornate sheep tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia divergens Babesia ovis Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Francisella tularensis Langat virus Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia sibirica Rickettsia slovaca Theileria equi Theileria ovis tick-borne encephalitis virus akila 2010-04-08T10:46:10Z NCBITaxon:49202 Dermacentor antrorum Reznik Dermacentor niveus Neumann VSMO:0000793 Dermacentor marginatus A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of marginatus. COMMENT: Also called the ornate sheep tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia divergens Babesia ovis Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Francisella tularensis Langat virus Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia sibirica Rickettsia slovaca Theileria equi Theileria ovis tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 PMID:7393142 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of occidentalis. COMMENT: Also called the Pacific Coast tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis Francisella tularensis Suspected vector of: Colorado tick fever virus Rickettsia rickettsii akila 2010-04-08T10:48:31Z NCBITaxon:60254 VSMO:0000794 Dermacentor occidentalis A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of occidentalis. COMMENT: Also called the Pacific Coast tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis Francisella tularensis Suspected vector of: Colorado tick fever virus Rickettsia rickettsii ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of cookei. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Powassan virus akila 2010-04-08T11:06:58Z NCBITaxon:35565 VSMO:0000798 Ixodes cookei A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of cookei. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Powassan virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of persulcatus. COMMENT: Also called the taiga tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia divergens Borrelia afzelii Borrelia burgdorferi Borrelia garinii Francisella tularensis Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Powassan virus tick-borne encephalitis virus akila 2010-04-08T11:09:00Z NCBITaxon:34615 Ixodes maslovi Emeljanova and Kozlovskaya Ixodes sachalinensis Filippova VSMO:0000799 Ixodes persulcatus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of persulcatus. COMMENT: Also called the taiga tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia divergens Borrelia afzelii Borrelia burgdorferi Borrelia garinii Francisella tularensis Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Powassan virus tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of spinipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Borrelia bissettii Borrelia burgdorferi akila 2010-04-08T11:17:37Z NCBITaxon:34614 Ixodes neotomae Cooley VSMO:0000801 Ixodes spinipalpis A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of spinipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Borrelia bissettii Borrelia burgdorferi ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of appendiculatus. COMMENT: Also called the African brown ear tick. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma bovis Babesia bigemina Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Dugbe virus Nairobi sheep disease virus Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia conorii Theileria parva Theileria taurotragi Thogoto virus akila 2010-04-08T11:31:09Z NCBITaxon:34631 VSMO:0000802 Rhipicephalus appendiculatus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of appendiculatus. COMMENT: Also called the African brown ear tick. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma bovis Babesia bigemina Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Dugbe virus Nairobi sheep disease virus Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia conorii Theileria parva Theileria taurotragi Thogoto virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of bursa. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis Babesia caballi Babesia motasi Babesia ovis Coxeiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Nairobi sheep disease virus Theileria equi Theileria parva Suspected vector of: Theileria ovis akila 2010-04-08T11:33:29Z NCBITaxon:67831 VSMO:0000804 Rhipicephalus bursa A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of bursa. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis Babesia caballi Babesia motasi Babesia ovis Coxeiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Nairobi sheep disease virus Theileria equi Theileria parva Suspected vector of: Theileria ovis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of capensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Theileria parva akila 2010-04-08T11:34:57Z VSMO:0000805 Rhipicephalus capensis A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of capensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Theileria parva ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of evertsi. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus. Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia ovis Borrelia theileri Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia conorii Theileria equi Theileria mutans Theileria ovis Theileria parva Theileria separata akila 2010-04-08T11:35:46Z NCBITaxon:60190 VSMO:0000806 Rhipicephalus evertsi A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of evertsi. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus. Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia ovis Borrelia theileri Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia conorii Theileria equi Theileria mutans Theileria ovis Theileria parva Theileria separata ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of pulchellus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Nairobi sheep disease virus Rickettsia conorii Theileria equi Theileria taurotragi akila 2010-04-09T08:49:18Z NCBITaxon:72859 VSMO:0000809 Rhipicephalus pulchellus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of pulchellus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Nairobi sheep disease virus Rickettsia conorii Theileria equi Theileria taurotragi ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of hebraeum. COMMENT: Also called the bont tick. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Ehrlichia ruminantium Rickettsia africae Rickettsia conorii Theileria mutans Theileria velifera akila 2010-04-09T09:31:19Z NCBITaxon:34608 VSMO:0000815 Amblyomma hebraeum A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of hebraeum. COMMENT: Also called the bont tick. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Ehrlichia ruminantium Rickettsia africae Rickettsia conorii Theileria mutans Theileria velifera ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of maculatum. COMMENT: Also called the Gulf Coast tick. Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Hepatozoon americanum Suspected vector of: Rickettsia parkeri akila 2010-04-09T09:32:26Z NCBITaxon:34609 VSMO:0000816 Amblyomma maculatum A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of maculatum. COMMENT: Also called the Gulf Coast tick. Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Hepatozoon americanum Suspected vector of: Rickettsia parkeri ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of longicornis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Babesia gibsoni Babesia ovata Coxiella burnetii Rickettsia japonica Theileria buffeli Theileria uilenbergi Suspected vector of: Hepatozoon canis akila 2010-03-09T10:37:44Z NCBITaxon:44386 VSMO:0000823 Haemaphysalis longicornis A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of longicornis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Babesia gibsoni Babesia ovata Coxiella burnetii Rickettsia japonica Theileria buffeli Theileria uilenbergi Suspected vector of: Hepatozoon canis ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of punctata. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma centrale Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia major Babesia motasi Rickettsia sibirica Theileria buffeli Theileria mutans Theileria ovis tick-borne encephalitis virus akila 2010-03-09T10:37:44Z NCBITaxon:49204 Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch VSMO:0000825 Haemaphysalis punctata A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of punctata. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma centrale Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia major Babesia motasi Rickettsia sibirica Theileria buffeli Theileria mutans Theileria ovis tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of truncatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Babesia caballi Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia conorii Theileria annulata Theileria equi Theileria parva akila 2010-03-09T11:39:52Z NCBITaxon:72855 VSMO:0000826 Hyalomma truncatum A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of truncatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Babesia caballi Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia conorii Theileria annulata Theileria equi Theileria parva ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of anatolicum. COMMENT: Also called the small Anatolian hyalomma. Includes the subspecies Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia caballi Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Theileria annulata Theileria equi Theileria lestoquardi Theileria ovis akila 2010-03-09T11:42:49Z NCBITaxon:176092 Hyalomma excavatum Koch VSMO:0000827 Hyalomma anatolicum A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of anatolicum. COMMENT: Also called the small Anatolian hyalomma. Includes the subspecies Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia caballi Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Theileria annulata Theileria equi Theileria lestoquardi Theileria ovis ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of impressum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus akila 2010-03-09T11:43:58Z VSMO:0000829 Hyalomma impressum A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of impressum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of akamushi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi akila 2010-04-09T01:27:16Z NCBITaxon:299468 Trombicula akamushi VSMO:0000832 Leptotrombidium akamushi A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of akamushi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:4212400 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of pavlovskyi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi akila 2010-04-09T01:27:16Z VSMO:0000833 Leptotrombidium pavlovskyi A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of pavlovskyi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:4212400 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of deliense. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi akila 2010-04-09T01:27:16Z NCBITaxon:299467 Trombicula deliensis VSMO:0000834 Leptotrombidium deliense A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of deliense. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:4212400 PMID:9673928 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of fletcheri. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi akila 2010-04-09T01:27:16Z NCBITaxon:328705 Trombicula fletcheri VSMO:0000835 Leptotrombidium fletcheri A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of fletcheri. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:4212400 A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of brevitarsis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and Asia. Vector of: Akabane virus bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Shuni virus (Aino virus) akila 2010-04-09T01:49:34Z NCBITaxon:469753 Culicoides radicitus Delfinado Culicoides robertsi Lee and Reye, Culicoides superfulvus Das Gupta, VSMO:0000836 Culicoides brevitarsis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of brevitarsis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and Asia. Vector of: Akabane virus bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Shuni virus (Aino virus) ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of furens. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi akila 2010-04-09T01:52:03Z Culicoides birabeni Cavalieri Culicoides dovei Hall Culicoides maculithorax Williston VSMO:0000837 Culicoides furens A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of furens. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of grahamii. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Mansonella perstans Mansonella streptocerca akila 2010-04-09T01:53:27Z NCBITaxon:912079 Culicoides habereri Becker Culicoides hostilissimus Pittaluga Culicoides kivuensis Goetghebuer Culicoides trichopis de Meillon VSMO:0000838 Culicoides grahamii A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of grahamii. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Mansonella perstans Mansonella streptocerca ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of longiductus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum akila 2010-04-12T09:53:06Z NCBITaxon:743716 Phlebotomus tauriae Perfil'ev VSMO:0000839 Phlebotomus longiductus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of longiductus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of sichuanensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum akila 2010-04-12T09:55:55Z NCBITaxon:880262 VSMO:0000840 Phlebotomus sichuanensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of sichuanensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of argentipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Chandipura virus Leishmania donovani akila 2010-04-12T10:00:43Z NCBITaxon:94469 Phlebotomus annandalei Sinton Phlebotomus glaucus Mitra & Roy Phlebotomus marginatus Annandale VSMO:0000841 Phlebotomus argentipes A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of argentipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Chandipura virus Leishmania donovani ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of smirnovi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum akila 2010-04-12T10:09:26Z Phlebotomus wui Yang & Xiong VSMO:0000842 Phlebotomus smirnovi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of smirnovi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of mongolensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania donovani Leishmania major akila 2010-04-12T10:14:02Z NCBITaxon:132722 Phlebotomus imitabilis Artemiev VSMO:0000843 Phlebotomus mongolensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of mongolensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania donovani Leishmania major ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of sergenti. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania aethiopica Leishmania killicki Leishmania tropica Suspected vector of: Leishmania major akila 2010-04-12T10:16:58Z NCBITaxon:85759 VSMO:0000844 Phlebotomus sergenti A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of sergenti. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania aethiopica Leishmania killicki Leishmania tropica Suspected vector of: Leishmania major ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of papatasi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Europe, and Asia. Vector of: Chandipura virus Leishmania killicki Leishmania major sandfly fever virus akila 2010-04-12T10:18:47Z NCBITaxon:29031 Phlebotomus breviventris Ristorcelli Phlebotomus molesta Costa VSMO:0000845 Phlebotomus papatasi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of papatasi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Europe, and Asia. Vector of: Chandipura virus Leishmania killicki Leishmania major sandfly fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of salehi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania major akila 2010-04-12T10:21:00Z NCBITaxon:445962 VSMO:0000846 Phlebotomus salehi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of salehi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania major ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of trapidoi. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania panamensis sandfly fever virus vesicular stomatitis virus akila 2010-04-12T10:36:55Z NCBITaxon:268290 VSMO:0000848 Lutzomyia trapidoi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of trapidoi. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania panamensis sandfly fever virus vesicular stomatitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of hartmanni. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania colombiensis Leishmania panamensis akila 2010-04-12T10:45:55Z NCBITaxon:268289 VSMO:0000849 Lutzomyia hartmanni A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of hartmanni. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania colombiensis Leishmania panamensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of peruensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Bartonella bacilliformis Leishmania peruviana akila 2010-04-12T10:52:10Z NCBITaxon:252622 VSMO:0000850 Lutzomyia peruensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of peruensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Bartonella bacilliformis Leishmania peruviana ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of diabolica. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z VSMO:0000852 Lutzomyia diabolica A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of diabolica. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of gomezi. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania colombiensis Leishmania panamensis akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z NCBITaxon:151984 Phlebotomus suis Rozeboom Plebotomus japignyi Floch & Abonnenc VSMO:0000853 Lutzomyia gomezi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of gomezi. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania colombiensis Leishmania panamensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of longipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania amazonensis Leishmania chagasi Leishmania infantum Leishmania mexicana vesicular stomatitis virus akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z NCBITaxon:7200 VSMO:0000854 Lutzomyia longipalpis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of longipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania amazonensis Leishmania chagasi Leishmania infantum Leishmania mexicana vesicular stomatitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of migonei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Suspected vector of: Leishmania infantum akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z NCBITaxon:85761 VSMO:0000855 Lutzomyia migonei A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of migonei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Suspected vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 VSMO:Authors A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of anduzei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania guyanensis akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z NCBITaxon:1196694 VSMO:0000856 Lutzomyia anduzei A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of anduzei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania guyanensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of flaviscutellata. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania amazonensis Leishmania pifanoi akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z NCBITaxon:252620 Phebotomus apicalis Floch & Abonnenc VSMO:0000857 Lutzomyia flaviscutellata A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of flaviscutellata. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania amazonensis Leishmania pifanoi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of intermedia. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z NCBITaxon:182990 Phlebotomus lutzi Manson-Bahr Phlebotomus mazzai Paterson Phlebotomus neivai Pinto VSMO:0000858 Lutzomyia intermedia A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of intermedia. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of umbratilis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Changuinola virus Leishmania guyanensis akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z NCBITaxon:182988 VSMO:0000859 Lutzomyia umbratilis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of umbratilis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Changuinola virus Leishmania guyanensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of whitmani. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania guyanensis Leishmania shawi akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z NCBITaxon:55416 VSMO:0000860 Lutzomyia whitmani A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of whitmani. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania guyanensis Leishmania shawi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ylephiletor. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania mexicana Leishmania panamensis sandfly fever virus vesicular stomatitis virus akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z VSMO:0000861 Lutzomyia ylephiletor A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ylephiletor. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania mexicana Leishmania panamensis sandfly fever virus vesicular stomatitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of pessoai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z VSMO:0000862 Lutzomyia pessoai A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of pessoai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:1402014139 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of amazonensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania naiffi akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z VSMO:0000863 Lutzomyia amazonensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of amazonensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania naiffi ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ayrozai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania naiffi akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z VSMO:0000864 Lutzomyia ayrozai A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ayrozai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania naiffi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of complexa. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z Lutzomyia complexus Psychodopygus complexa Psychodopygus complexus VSMO:0000865 Lutzomyia complexa A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of complexa. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of llanosmartinsi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis akila 2010-04-12T11:33:33Z VSMO:0000866 Lutzomyia llanosmartinsi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of llanosmartinsi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of brasiliensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi akila 2010-04-13T09:30:06Z NCBITaxon:65344 Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma Galvao Triatoma brasiliensis melanica Neiva & Lent VSMO:0000869 Triatoma brasiliensis A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of brasiliensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of dimidiata. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi akila 2010-04-13T09:32:29Z NCBITaxon:72491 Conorhinus dimidiatus Champion Conorhinus dimidiatus Stal Conorhinus dimidiatus maculipennis Champion Conorhinus maculipennis Stal Reduvius dimidiatus Latreille Triatoma capitata Usinger Triatoma dimidiata capitata Usinger Triatoma dimidiata maculipennis Neiva Triatoma dimidiata maculipennis Usinger VSMO:0000870 Triatoma dimidiata A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of dimidiata. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of infestans. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi akila 2010-04-13T09:36:20Z NCBITaxon:30076 Conorhinus gigas Burmeister Conorhinus gracilipes Philippi Conorhinus infestans Berg Conorhinus nigrouarius BIanchard, Conorhinus octotuberculatus Philippi Conorhinus paulseni Philippi Conorhinus renggeri Herrich-Schaeffer Conorhinus sex-tuberculatus Spinola Reduvius infestans Klug Triatoma infestans erythrophthalmus Noe & & Silva Triatoma mazzae Jorg Triatoma oswaldoi Neiva & Pinto Triatoma sordelli Dios & Zuccarini VSMO:0000871 Triatoma infestans A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of infestans. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of megistus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi akila 2010-04-13T09:49:10Z NCBITaxon:65343 Conorhinus gigas Burmeister Conorhinus porrigens Walker Panstrongylus africanus Pinto Panstrongylus megistus leucofasciatus Lucena Triatoma africana Neiva Triatoma wernickei Del Ponte VSMO:0000877 Panstrongylus megistus A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of megistus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of dengue virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtypes dengue virus-1, dengue virus-2, dengue virus-3 and dengue virus-4. Causes disease (dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever) in humans. Occurs in Australia, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the South Pacific. akila 2010-04-15T10:34:37Z NCBITaxon:12637 VSMO:0000878 dengue virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of dengue virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtypes dengue virus-1, dengue virus-2, dengue virus-3 and dengue virus-4. Causes disease (dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever) in humans. Occurs in Australia, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the South Pacific. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Japanese encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Japanese encephalitis) in humans and domestic animals such as pigs and horses. Occurs in Asia and Australia. akila 2010-04-15T10:41:23Z NCBITaxon:11072 VSMO:0000879 Japanese encephalitis virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Japanese encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Japanese encephalitis) in humans and domestic animals such as pigs and horses. Occurs in Asia and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Kyasanur Forest disease virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by ticks. Causes disease (Kyasanur Forest disease) in humans. Occurs in Asia. akila 2010-04-15T10:46:55Z NCBITaxon:33743 VSMO:0000880 Kyasanur Forest disease virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Kyasanur Forest disease virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by ticks. Causes disease (Kyasanur Forest disease) in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Murray Valley encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtype Alfuy virus. Causes disease (Murray Valley encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in Australia and New Guinea. akila 2010-04-15T10:51:02Z NCBITaxon:11079 VSMO:0000881 Murray Valley encephalitis virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Murray Valley encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtype Alfuy virus. Causes disease (Murray Valley encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in Australia and New Guinea. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of St. Louis encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (St. Louis encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in the Americas. akila 2010-04-15T10:54:32Z NCBITaxon:11080 VSMO:0000882 St. Louis encephalitis virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of St. Louis encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (St. Louis encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of tick-borne encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus include the far eastern subtype, the Siberian subtype, and the European subtype. Other subtype breakdowns include Central European encephalitis virus and Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus. Causes disease (tick-borne encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in Europe and Asia. akila 2010-04-15T11:00:10Z NCBITaxon:11084 VSMO:0000883 tick-borne encephalitis virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of tick-borne encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus include the far eastern subtype, the Siberian subtype, and the European subtype. Other subtype breakdowns include Central European encephalitis virus and Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus. Causes disease (tick-borne encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in Europe and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of yellow fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (yellow fever) in humans. Occurs in Australia, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. akila 2010-04-15T11:04:21Z NCBITaxon:11089 VSMO:0000884 yellow fever virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of yellow fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (yellow fever) in humans. Occurs in Australia, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of opok. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus Suspected vector of: Orungo virus leisen 2010-05-23T08:44:59Z MIRO:40000600 Stegomyia opok VSMO:0000886 Aedes opok A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of opok. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus Suspected vector of: Orungo virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of luteocephalus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus yellow fever virus leisen 2010-05-23T08:45:47Z MIRO:40000582 NCBITaxon:299629 Stegomyia luteocephalus <new synonym> VSMO:0000887 Aedes luteocephalus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of luteocephalus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus yellow fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cordellieri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus leisen 2010-05-23T08:47:20Z MIRO:40000419 VSMO:0000888 Aedes cordellieri A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cordellieri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ The immature life stage (larva) of an acarine that hatches from the egg and precedes the immature nymphal stage. COMMENT: Terrestrial stage for acarines serving as pathogen vectors. The larva may feed on lymph and tissue detritus (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (soft ticks). leisen 2010-05-20T04:08:49Z VSMO:0000896 acarine larval stage The immature life stage (larva) of an acarine that hatches from the egg and precedes the immature nymphal stage. COMMENT: Terrestrial stage for acarines serving as pathogen vectors. The larva may feed on lymph and tissue detritus (mites), may engage in blood feeding and oviposition on a single occasion (hard ticks), or may engage in blood feeding and ovipositionon multiple occasions (soft ticks). VSMO:Authors Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a curtain to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. leisen 2010-05-21T10:28:24Z VSMO:0000899 pesticide-treated curtain Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a curtain to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors Clothing treated with a pesticide substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans by erecting a physical barrier and by killing action. leisen 2010-05-21T10:33:04Z VSMO:0000900 pesticide-treated clothing Clothing treated with a pesticide substance to prevent vectors from contacting humans by erecting a physical barrier and by killing action. VSMO:Authors The continuous temporal interval that starts when a female insect has completed one oviposition event and ends when she has completed a subsequent oviposition event. slozano 2012-08-17T02:55:25Z VSMO:0000901 subsequent insect gonotrophic period The continuous temporal interval that starts when a female insect has completed one oviposition event and ends when she has completed a subsequent oviposition event. ISBN:0124732763 The process of wearing clothing treated with a pesticide substance. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally or synthetically derived chemical compounds can be used as repellents on clothing to prevent arthropods from contacting humans. leisen 2010-05-21T10:40:57Z VSMO:0000902 use of pesticide-treated clothing The process of wearing clothing treated with a pesticide substance. COMMENT: Numerous different naturally or synthetically derived chemical compounds can be used as repellents on clothing to prevent arthropods from contacting humans. VSMO:Authors The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated emanator. COMMENT: Various materials, including plastic or resin, can be treated with pesticide and then used as an emanator that releases the pesticide. 2010-05-21T12:28:36Z VSMO:0000903 use of pesticide emanator The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated emanator. COMMENT: Various materials, including plastic or resin, can be treated with pesticide and then used as an emanator that releases the pesticide. VSMO:Authors The combined biological processes of host location, blood-feeding, egg maturation, and oviposition. slozano 2012-08-17T03:58:25Z biological_process VSMO:0000904 gonotrophic cycle The combined biological processes of host location, blood-feeding, egg maturation, and oviposition. VSMO:Authors The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated curtain. COMMENT: Can be used to prevent intrusion of vectors into an indoor environment. leisen 2010-05-21T12:35:24Z VSMO:0000905 use of pesticide-impregnated curtain The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated curtain. COMMENT: Can be used to prevent intrusion of vectors into an indoor environment. VSMO:Authors The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated net. COMMENT: Can be used to prevent vectors from biting resting/sleeping humans. leisen 2010-05-21T12:36:53Z VSMO:0000907 use of pesticide-impregnated net The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated net. COMMENT: Can be used to prevent vectors from biting resting/sleeping humans. VSMO:Authors Asfivirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Asfarviridae. akila 2010-04-19T10:35:54Z NCBITaxon:39743 VSMO:0000961 Asfivirus Asfivirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Asfarviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Asfivirus with the designation of African swine fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (African swine fever) in swine. Occurs in Africa, southern Europe, and the Caribbean. akila 2010-04-19T10:36:10Z NCBITaxon:10497 VSMO:0000962 African swine fever virus A virus of Genus Asfivirus with the designation of African swine fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (African swine fever) in swine. Occurs in Africa, southern Europe, and the Caribbean. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated screen. COMMENT: Can be used to prevent intrusion of vectors into an indoor environment. leisen 2010-05-21T12:40:03Z VSMO:0001187 use of pesticide-treated screen The process of deploying a pesticide-impregnated screen. COMMENT: Can be used to prevent intrusion of vectors into an indoor environment. VSMO:Authors Alphavirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Togaviridae. akila 2010-04-20T08:46:31Z NCBITaxon:11019 VSMO:0001204 Alphavirus Alphavirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Togaviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (eastern equine encephalomyelitis) in humans and horses and other equines. Occurs in the Americas. akila 2010-04-20T08:47:03Z NCBITaxon:11021 eastern equine encephalitis virus VSMO:0001205 eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (eastern equine encephalomyelitis) in humans and horses and other equines. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (western equine encephalomyelitis) in humans and horses and other equines. Occurs in the Americas. akila 2010-04-20T08:53:55Z NCBITaxon:11039 western equine encephalitis virus VSMO:0001206 western equine encephalomyelitis virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (western equine encephalomyelitis) in humans and horses and other equines. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Highlands J virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes mild disease in humans and horses and other equines. Occurs in North America. akila 2010-04-20T08:53:55Z NCBITaxon:11024 VSMO:0001207 Highlands J virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Highlands J virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes mild disease in humans and horses and other equines. Occurs in North America. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Venezuelan equine encephalitis) in humans and horses and other equines. Occurs in the Americas. akila 2010-04-20T08:53:55Z NCBITaxon:11036 VSMO:0001208 Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Venezuelan equine encephalitis) in humans and horses and other equines. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of chikungunya virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (chikungunya) in humans. Occurs in Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific. akila 2010-04-20T08:53:55Z NCBITaxon:37124 VSMO:0001209 chikungunya virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of chikungunya virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (chikungunya) in humans. Occurs in Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of o'nyong-nyong virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (o'nyong-nyong) in humans. Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-20T08:53:55Z NCBITaxon:11027 VSMO:0001210 o'nyong-nyong virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of o'nyong-nyong virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (o'nyong-nyong) in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Ross River virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Ross River virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Australia, New Guinea, and the South Pacific. akila 2010-04-20T08:53:55Z NCBITaxon:11029 VSMO:0001211 Ross River virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Ross River virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Ross River virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Australia, New Guinea, and the South Pacific. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Sindbis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtype called Ockelbo virus. Causes disease (Sindbis virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Asia, Australia, Africa, and Europe. akila 2010-04-20T08:53:55Z NCBITaxon:11034 VSMO:0001212 Sindbis virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Sindbis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtype called Ockelbo virus. Causes disease (Sindbis virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Asia, Australia, Africa, and Europe. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Barmah Forest virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Barmah Forest virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Australia. akila 2010-04-20T08:53:55Z NCBITaxon:11020 VSMO:0001213 Barmah Forest virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Barmah Forest virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Barmah Forest virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Wesselsbron virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in sheep and milder disease in horses, pigs, camels, and also humans. Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-20T10:35:41Z NCBITaxon:164416 VSMO:0001215 Wesselsbron virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Wesselsbron virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in sheep and milder disease in horses, pigs, camels, and also humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Coltivirus with the designation of Eyach virus. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Europe. leisen 2011-01-06T09:22:38Z NCBITaxon:62352 VSMO:0001216 Eyach virus A virus of Genus Coltivirus with the designation of Eyach virus. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Europe. ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 XX:<new dbxref> A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Also spread by contact with infected water or through handling of virus reservoirs such as muskrats. Causes disease (Omsk hemorrhagic fever) in humans. Occurs in Asia. akila 2010-04-20T11:23:47Z NCBITaxon:12542 VSMO:0001217 Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Also spread by contact with infected water or through handling of virus reservoirs such as muskrats. Causes disease (Omsk hemorrhagic fever) in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of louping ill virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (louping ill) in humans and domestic animals including sheep, horses, and goats. Occurs in Europe. akila 2010-04-20T11:53:47Z NCBITaxon:11086 VSMO:0001218 louping ill virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of louping ill virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (louping ill) in humans and domestic animals including sheep, horses, and goats. Occurs in Europe. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Powassan virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Includes the subtype of deer tick virus. Causes disease (Powassan virus disease) in humans. Occurs in North America and Asia. akila 2010-04-20T11:57:35Z NCBITaxon:11083 deer tick virus VSMO:0001219 Powassan virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Powassan virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Includes the subtype of deer tick virus. Causes disease (Powassan virus disease) in humans. Occurs in North America and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 Orthobunyavirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Bunyaviridae. akila 2010-04-20T12:04:57Z NCBITaxon:11572 VSMO:0001221 Orthobunyavirus Orthobunyavirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Bunyaviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Bunyamwera virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the Bunyamwera Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Germiston virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:35304 VSMO:0001222 Bunyamwera virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Bunyamwera virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the Bunyamwera Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Germiston virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Cache Valley virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the Bunyamwera Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease in humans, cattle, and sheep. Occurs in North America. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:80935 VSMO:0001223 Cache Valley virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Cache Valley virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the Bunyamwera Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease in humans, cattle, and sheep. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of California encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the California Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Inkoo virus. Causes disease (California encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in North America. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:35305 VSMO:0001225 California encephalitis virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of California encephalitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the California Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Inkoo virus. Causes disease (California encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Jamestown Canyon virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the California Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:35511 VSMO:0001226 Jamestown Canyon virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Jamestown Canyon virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the California Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of La Crosse virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the California Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease (La Crosse encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in North America. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:11577 VSMO:0001227 La Crosse virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of La Crosse virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the California Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease (La Crosse encephalitis) in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of snowshoe hare virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the California Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:11580 VSMO:0001228 snowshoe hare virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of snowshoe hare virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Belongs to the California Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Tahyna virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Europe, Asia and Africa. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:45270 VSMO:0001229 Tahyna virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Tahyna virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Europe, Asia and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of trivittatus virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:35516 VSMO:0001230 trivittatus virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of trivittatus virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Oropouche virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes and biting midges. Belongs to the Simbu Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease (Oropouche fever) in humans. Occurs in South America. akila 2010-04-20T12:10:00Z NCBITaxon:118655 VSMO:0001231 Oropouche virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Oropouche virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes and biting midges. Belongs to the Simbu Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes disease (Oropouche fever) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 Nairovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Bunyaviridae. akila 2010-04-21T09:30:13Z NCBITaxon:11592 VSMO:0001232 Nairovirus Nairovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Bunyaviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Nairovirus with the designation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever) in humans (severe disease) and domestic animals such as cattle and sheep (mild disease). Occurs in Asia, Europe, and Africa. akila 2010-04-21T09:31:49Z NCBITaxon:11593 VSMO:0001233 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus A virus of Genus Nairovirus with the designation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever) in humans (severe disease) and domestic animals such as cattle and sheep (mild disease). Occurs in Asia, Europe, and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Nairovirus with the designation of Nairobi sheep disease virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Nairobi sheep disease) in humans and domestic animals (sheep and goats). Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-21T09:31:49Z NCBITaxon:194540 VSMO:0001234 Nairobi sheep disease virus A virus of Genus Nairovirus with the designation of Nairobi sheep disease virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Nairobi sheep disease) in humans and domestic animals (sheep and goats). Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 Phlebovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Bunyaviridae. akila 2010-04-21T09:40:10Z NCBITaxon:11584 VSMO:0001235 Phlebovirus Phlebovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Bunyaviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Phlebovirus with the designation of Rift Valley fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes severe disease (Rift Valley fever) in humans, sheep and cattle, and less severe disease in other domestic animals such as horses, goats, pigs and camels. Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. akila 2010-04-21T09:41:01Z NCBITaxon:11588 VSMO:0001236 Rift Valley fever virus A virus of Genus Phlebovirus with the designation of Rift Valley fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes severe disease (Rift Valley fever) in humans, sheep and cattle, and less severe disease in other domestic animals such as horses, goats, pigs and camels. Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Phlebovirus with the designation of sandfly fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Subtypes of sandfly fever virus include Naples and Sicilian in the Old World and Candiru, Chagres and Punta Toro in the New World. Causes disease (sandfly fever, phlebotomus fever, papatasi fever) in humans. Occurs in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and Central Asia. akila 2010-04-21T09:41:01Z NCBITaxon:28292 phlebotomus fever virus sandfly fever Sicilian virus VSMO:0001237 sandfly fever virus A virus of Genus Phlebovirus with the designation of sandfly fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Subtypes of sandfly fever virus include Naples and Sicilian in the Old World and Candiru, Chagres and Punta Toro in the New World. Causes disease (sandfly fever, phlebotomus fever, papatasi fever) in humans. Occurs in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and Central Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 Orbivirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Reoviridae. akila 2010-04-21T10:39:45Z NCBITaxon:10892 VSMO:0001239 Orbivirus Orbivirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Reoviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of bluetongue virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (bluetongue) in sheep and, to some extent, cattle. Occurs in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia. akila 2010-04-21T10:44:34Z NCBITaxon:40051 VSMO:0001240 bluetongue virus A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of bluetongue virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (bluetongue) in sheep and, to some extent, cattle. Occurs in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of African horse sickness virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (African horse sickness) in horses, donkeys, and mules. Occurs in Africa, Asia, and southern Europe. akila 2010-04-21T10:44:34Z NCBITaxon:40050 VSMO:0001241 African horse sickness virus A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of African horse sickness virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (African horse sickness) in horses, donkeys, and mules. Occurs in Africa, Asia, and southern Europe. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (epizootic hemorrhagic disease) in deer and, on rare occasions, cattle and sheep. Occurs in Africa, Asia, North America, and Australia. akila 2010-04-21T10:44:34Z NCBITaxon:40054 VSMO:0001242 epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (epizootic hemorrhagic disease) in deer and, on rare occasions, cattle and sheep. Occurs in Africa, Asia, North America, and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of equine encephalosis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (equine encephalosis) in horses. Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-21T10:44:34Z NCBITaxon:201490 VSMO:0001243 equine encephalosis virus A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of equine encephalosis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (equine encephalosis) in horses. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of Palyam virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Includes the serotypes of Kasba and Chuzan. Causes disease (Palyam virus disease) in cattle. Occurs in Africa and Japan. akila 2010-04-21T10:44:34Z NCBITaxon:40059 VSMO:0001244 Palyam virus A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of Palyam virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Includes the serotypes of Kasba and Chuzan. Causes disease (Palyam virus disease) in cattle. Occurs in Africa and Japan. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 Vesiculovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Rhabdoviridae. akila 2010-04-21T11:05:56Z NCBITaxon:11271 VSMO:0001245 Vesiculovirus Vesiculovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Rhabdoviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 Ephemerovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Rhabdoviridae. akila 2010-04-21T11:08:11Z NCBITaxon:32613 VSMO:0001246 Ephemerovirus Ephemerovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Rhabdoviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Ephemerovirus with the designation of bovine ephemeral fever virus. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by mosquitoes and/or biting midges. Causes disease (bovine ephemeral fever) in cattle. Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. akila 2010-04-21T11:08:43Z NCBITaxon:11303 VSMO:0001247 bovine ephemeral fever virus A virus of Genus Ephemerovirus with the designation of bovine ephemeral fever virus. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by mosquitoes and/or biting midges. Causes disease (bovine ephemeral fever) in cattle. Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 ISBN:9780851989693 Coltivirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Reoviridae. akila 2010-04-21T11:10:50Z NCBITaxon:10911 VSMO:0001248 Coltivirus Coltivirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Reoviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Vesiculovirus with the designation of vesicular stomatitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies, biting midges, and blackflies. Includes the serotypes New Jersey, Indiana, and Alagoas. Causes disease (vesicular stomatitis) in cattle, horses and pigs. Occurs in the Americas. akila 2010-04-21T11:13:21Z NCBITaxon:11276 VSMO:0001249 vesicular stomatitis virus A virus of Genus Vesiculovirus with the designation of vesicular stomatitis virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies, biting midges, and blackflies. Includes the serotypes New Jersey, Indiana, and Alagoas. Causes disease (vesicular stomatitis) in cattle, horses and pigs. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Coltivirus with the designation of Colorado tick fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Colorado tick fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. akila 2010-04-21T11:15:42Z NCBITaxon:46839 VSMO:0001250 Colorado tick fever virus A virus of Genus Coltivirus with the designation of Colorado tick fever virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Colorado tick fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 Leucocytozoon is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Leucocytozoon is a Genus in Order Haemospororida. leisen 2011-01-08T04:42:45Z NCBITaxon:195944 VSMO:0001252 Leucocytozoon Leucocytozoon is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Leucocytozoon is a Genus in Order Haemospororida. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of gallinaceum. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (avian malaria) in poultry. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-08T04:44:43Z NCBITaxon:5849 VSMO:0001253 Plasmodium gallinaceum An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of gallinaceum. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (avian malaria) in poultry. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 Babesia is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Piroplasmids in Family Babesiidae. akila 2010-04-23T09:32:29Z NCBITaxon:5864 VSMO:0001256 Babesia Babesia is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Piroplasmids in Family Babesiidae. VSMO:Authors Theileria is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Piroplasmids in Family Theileriidae. akila 2010-04-23T09:33:02Z NCBITaxon:5873 VSMO:0001257 Theileria Theileria is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Piroplasmids in Family Theileriidae. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of microti. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in humans. Occurs in North America, and Europe. akila 2010-04-23T09:47:15Z NCBITaxon:5868 VSMO:0001258 Babesia microti An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of microti. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in humans. Occurs in North America, and Europe. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of divergens. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in cattle and, on rare occasions, in humans. Occurs in Europe. akila 2010-04-23T09:47:37Z NCBITaxon:32595 Babesia caucasica Babesia karelica Babesia occidentalis VSMO:0001259 Babesia divergens An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of divergens. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in cattle and, on rare occasions, in humans. Occurs in Europe. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of annulata. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tropical theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa and Asia. akila 2010-04-23T09:58:25Z NCBITaxon:5874 VSMO:0001261 Theileria annulata An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of annulata. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tropical theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of aethiopica. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5667 VSMO:0001262 Leishmania aethiopica A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of aethiopica. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of parva. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (East Coast fever) in cattle. Recognized subtypes of Theileria parva include: Theileria parva parva, Theileria parva bovis and Theileria parva lawrenci. Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-23T10:04:59Z NCBITaxon:5875 VSMO:0001263 Theileria parva An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of parva. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (East Coast fever) in cattle. Recognized subtypes of Theileria parva include: Theileria parva parva, Theileria parva bovis and Theileria parva lawrenci. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of bigemina. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occur in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. akila 2010-04-23T10:22:43Z NCBITaxon:5866 VSMO:0001264 Babesia bigemina An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of bigemina. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occur in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of vivax. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans. Occurs worldwide. akila 2010-04-23T10:28:26Z IDOMAL:0000132 NCBITaxon:5855 VSMO:0001265 Plasmodium vivax An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of vivax. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of ovale. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans. Occurs worldwide. 2011-01-07T03:26:25Z IDOMAL:0000131 NCBITaxon:36330 VSMO:0001266 Plasmodium ovale An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of ovale. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of malariae. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-07T03:26:43Z IDOMAL:0000133 NCBITaxon:5858 VSMO:0001267 Plasmodium malariae An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of malariae. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of durae. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (avian malaria) in poultry including turkeys. Occurs in Africa and North America. leisen 2011-01-08T04:44:43Z VSMO:0001268 Plasmodium durae An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of durae. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (avian malaria) in poultry including turkeys. Occurs in Africa and North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of knowlesi. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans on rare occasions. Plasmodium knowlesi occurs naturally in monkeys. Occurs in Asia. akila 2010-04-23T10:54:05Z IDOMAL:0001228 NCBITaxon:5850 VSMO:0001269 Plasmodium knowlesi An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of knowlesi. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (malaria) in humans on rare occasions. Plasmodium knowlesi occurs naturally in monkeys. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:9780123725004 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of bovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:5865 Babesia argentina Babesia berbera Babesia colchica VSMO:0001270 Babesia bovis An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of bovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of major. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in Europe and Africa. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:127461 VSMO:0001271 Babesia major An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of major. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in Europe and Africa. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of jakimovi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in Asia. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z VSMO:0001272 Babesia jakimovi An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of jakimovi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of ovata. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in Asia. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:189622 VSMO:0001273 Babesia ovata An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of ovata. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:1402014139 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of occultans. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:536930 VSMO:0001274 Babesia occultans An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of occultans. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine babesiosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:1402014139 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of caballi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (equine babesiosis) in horses and other equines. Occurs worldwide. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:5871 VSMO:0001275 Babesia caballi An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of caballi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (equine babesiosis) in horses and other equines. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of equi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (equine theileriosis) in horses and other equines. Occurs worldwide. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:288690 Babesia equi VSMO:0001276 Theileria equi An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of equi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (equine theileriosis) in horses and other equines. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of canis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine babesiosis) in dogs. Includes the subtypes Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis rossi and Babesia canis vogeli. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:5867 VSMO:0001277 Babesia canis An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of canis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine babesiosis) in dogs. Includes the subtypes Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis rossi and Babesia canis vogeli. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of gibsoni. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine babesiosis) in dogs. Includes the subtypes rossi found in South Africa, vogeli found in North America and Europe, and canis found in Europe. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:33632 VSMO:0001278 Babesia gibsoni An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of gibsoni. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine babesiosis) in dogs. Includes the subtypes rossi found in South Africa, vogeli found in North America and Europe, and canis found in Europe. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of motasi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:237580 VSMO:0001279 Babesia motasi An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of motasi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of ovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, and Asia. akila 2010-04-23T12:03:32Z NCBITaxon:5869 VSMO:0001280 Babesia ovis An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of ovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, and Asia. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of trautmani. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in pigs. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, and Asia. leisen 2011-01-08T09:14:12Z VSMO:0001282 Babesia trautmani An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of trautmani. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in pigs. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, and Asia. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of ovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in sheep. Occurs worldwide. akila 2010-04-27T10:02:19Z NCBITaxon:237578 VSMO:0001283 Theileria ovis An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of ovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in sheep. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of taurotragi COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-27T10:02:19Z NCBITaxon:27993 VSMO:0001285 Theileria taurotragi An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of taurotragi COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of velifera. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. akila 2010-04-27T10:02:19Z NCBITaxon:83538 VSMO:0001286 Theileria velifera An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of velifera. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of buffeli. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. akila 2010-04-27T10:02:19Z NCBITaxon:5876 Theileria orientalis Theileria sergenti VSMO:0001287 Theileria buffeli An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of buffeli. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of separata. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in Europe and Africa. akila 2010-04-27T10:02:19Z NCBITaxon:238210 VSMO:0001289 Theileria separata An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of separata. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in Europe and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of donovani. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Africa and Asia. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5661 VSMO:0001290 Leishmania donovani A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of donovani. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Africa and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of mutans. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Caribbean. akila 2010-04-27T10:20:36Z NCBITaxon:27991 VSMO:0001291 Theileria mutans An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of mutans. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine theileriosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Caribbean. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 Leishmania is a Genus of Order Kinetoplastida. COMMENT: Leishmania is a Genus in Family Trypanosomatidae. akila 2010-04-27T10:34:39Z NCBITaxon:5658 VSMO:0001293 Leishmania Leishmania is a Genus of Order Kinetoplastida. COMMENT: Leishmania is a Genus in Family Trypanosomatidae. VSMO:Authors Trypanosoma is a Genus of Order Kinetoplastida. COMMENT: Trypanosoma is a Genus in Family Trypanosomatidae. akila 2010-04-27T10:34:39Z NCBITaxon:5690 VSMO:0001294 Trypanosoma Trypanosoma is a Genus of Order Kinetoplastida. COMMENT: Trypanosoma is a Genus in Family Trypanosomatidae. VSMO:Authors Powered trap, designated the EVS light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods, and which can be enhanced with an olfactory attractant. COMMENT: The top part of the encephalitis virus surveillance trap (EVS) consists of a 1-gal paint tin painted black on the outside and lined inside with polyurethane foam. About 1.45 kg of dry ice is placed in the tin after which a plastic snap-on polyethylene lid closes it. Four to six holes punctured in the bottom of the tin allow carbon dioxide to flow downwards over the lower part of the trap, which consists of a vertical plastic plate having holders for two 1.5-V dry cell batteries that power a Mabuchi RE-260 motor (about 5000 rev./min) and a subminiature 1.5-V, 70 mA grain-of-wheat light-bulb. The fan was originally a two-bladed plastic propeller that was boiled for a few minutes to soften the plastic, and while still hot the two blades were twisted to increase their pitch to about 45°, after which it was held under cold water so that it set to this configuration. Later models, however, had a simple fan blade cut from sheet metal. The blade is mounted upside down on the spindle of the motor, which is fixed inside a 7-cm long piece of 7.6-cm diameter plastic tubing. A switch near the batteries on the vertical section of plastic allows the trap to be turned on and off. leisen 2012-01-05T02:09:42Z encephalitis virus surveillance trap VSMO:0001295 EVS light trap Powered trap, designated the EVS light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods, and which can be enhanced with an olfactory attractant. COMMENT: The top part of the encephalitis virus surveillance trap (EVS) consists of a 1-gal paint tin painted black on the outside and lined inside with polyurethane foam. About 1.45 kg of dry ice is placed in the tin after which a plastic snap-on polyethylene lid closes it. Four to six holes punctured in the bottom of the tin allow carbon dioxide to flow downwards over the lower part of the trap, which consists of a vertical plastic plate having holders for two 1.5-V dry cell batteries that power a Mabuchi RE-260 motor (about 5000 rev./min) and a subminiature 1.5-V, 70 mA grain-of-wheat light-bulb. The fan was originally a two-bladed plastic propeller that was boiled for a few minutes to soften the plastic, and while still hot the two blades were twisted to increase their pitch to about 45°, after which it was held under cold water so that it set to this configuration. Later models, however, had a simple fan blade cut from sheet metal. The blade is mounted upside down on the spindle of the motor, which is fixed inside a 7-cm long piece of 7.6-cm diameter plastic tubing. A switch near the batteries on the vertical section of plastic allows the trap to be turned on and off. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the Kimsey and Chaniotis trap, which combines a visual light attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Kimsey and Chaniotis found that in Panamanian forests rain spoilt the catches of insects when any of the standard designs of light-traps were used, and moreover metal parts corroded and caused frequent electrical failure. To overcome these difficulties they designed a completely new trap made almost entirely of transparent plexiglas and consisting of three principal parts. The trap head (A), in which there is a standard CDC light-trap motor and four-bladed plastic fan, is mounted under the rain cover (20.32-cm diameter). A vertical 5-cm baffle (c) positioned below the fan and across the trap prevents vortexing and so reduces damage to the catch. The middle holding cage (B) is made of a 20.32-cm length of 15.24-cm diameter plexiglas, and has a fine mesh screen (i) fitted at the top. The light-bulb (h) is maintained below the disc (bb) of the bottom part (C) of the trap. This disc and central entrance chimney (I) are painted black to prevent light diffusing up through the trap. Insects attracted to the light source are sucked up by the fan through the small chimney into the trap body, where they are retained. leisen 2012-01-05T02:14:25Z VSMO:0001296 Kimsey and Chaniotis trap Powered trap, designated the Kimsey and Chaniotis trap, which combines a visual light attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Kimsey and Chaniotis found that in Panamanian forests rain spoilt the catches of insects when any of the standard designs of light-traps were used, and moreover metal parts corroded and caused frequent electrical failure. To overcome these difficulties they designed a completely new trap made almost entirely of transparent plexiglas and consisting of three principal parts. The trap head (A), in which there is a standard CDC light-trap motor and four-bladed plastic fan, is mounted under the rain cover (20.32-cm diameter). A vertical 5-cm baffle (c) positioned below the fan and across the trap prevents vortexing and so reduces damage to the catch. The middle holding cage (B) is made of a 20.32-cm length of 15.24-cm diameter plexiglas, and has a fine mesh screen (i) fitted at the top. The light-bulb (h) is maintained below the disc (bb) of the bottom part (C) of the trap. This disc and central entrance chimney (I) are painted black to prevent light diffusing up through the trap. Insects attracted to the light source are sucked up by the fan through the small chimney into the trap body, where they are retained. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the Pfuntner light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods, and which can be enhanced with an olfactory attractant. COMMENT: Pfuntner modified the EVS trap to obtain larger samples. The main modifications were that the short plastic cylinder larger samples. The main modifications were that the short plastic cylinder housing the motor and fan was increased in diameter from 7.6 to 10.8 cm. The batteries were fixed to a cylindrical metal disc above the cylinder, and the mesh screen over the cylinder was omitted. A 10.2-cm Thimboe-Drome propeller was mounted onto a Mabuchi RE-26 motor, but apparently any 1.5-3.0-V d.c. motor can be used. As in some models of the EVS trap, the blades were twisted to a 45° pitch. The light source was a sub-miniature 25-mA bulb. A cloth collecting bag was fixed to the end of the plastic cylinder. This part of the trap is, as in the EVS trap, suspended under a 1-gal capacity tin containing dry ice, which flows out through four 6.4-mm diameter holes drilled in its bottom. An optional extra is a light sensitive phototransistor wired into an electronic time-circuit to automatically switch the trap on at dusk and off at dawn. leisen 2012-01-05T02:17:26Z VSMO:0001297 Pfuntner light-trap Powered trap, designated the Pfuntner light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods, and which can be enhanced with an olfactory attractant. COMMENT: Pfuntner modified the EVS trap to obtain larger samples. The main modifications were that the short plastic cylinder larger samples. The main modifications were that the short plastic cylinder housing the motor and fan was increased in diameter from 7.6 to 10.8 cm. The batteries were fixed to a cylindrical metal disc above the cylinder, and the mesh screen over the cylinder was omitted. A 10.2-cm Thimboe-Drome propeller was mounted onto a Mabuchi RE-26 motor, but apparently any 1.5-3.0-V d.c. motor can be used. As in some models of the EVS trap, the blades were twisted to a 45° pitch. The light source was a sub-miniature 25-mA bulb. A cloth collecting bag was fixed to the end of the plastic cylinder. This part of the trap is, as in the EVS trap, suspended under a 1-gal capacity tin containing dry ice, which flows out through four 6.4-mm diameter holes drilled in its bottom. An optional extra is a light sensitive phototransistor wired into an electronic time-circuit to automatically switch the trap on at dusk and off at dawn. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the updraft light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: A disadvantage of conventional light-traps having a fan below the light is that despite the presence of a screen, large unwanted insects tend to drop down on the catch and cause damage. To try to overcome this problem laboratory experiments were conducted with a trap having a horizontal 4-W black fluorescent light tube and a 6-V d.c. motor fitted with aluminum fan blades mounted above the light source. Air was sucked upwards and expelled at right angles, through the collecting cage. The ultraviolet light-trap of Wilton consists of a 4-W blacklight fluorescent tube (peak radiation about 3650 Å) operated from a 12-V car battery through an inverter and a 6-V d.c. motor with a 2-bladed fan connected through a 75 ohm resistor to the same battery. A 1.2-cm square mesh screen is placed behind the lamp. The collection cage consists of Tubeguaz stretched over two 10-in wooden embroidery hoops held apart by three 7-in long metal struts. The trap is constructed so that it can operate as a downdraft trap with the light above, or by inverting it as an updraft trap with the light below. leisen 2012-01-05T02:22:29Z VSMO:0001298 updraft light trap Powered trap, designated the updraft light trap, which combines a visual light attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: A disadvantage of conventional light-traps having a fan below the light is that despite the presence of a screen, large unwanted insects tend to drop down on the catch and cause damage. To try to overcome this problem laboratory experiments were conducted with a trap having a horizontal 4-W black fluorescent light tube and a 6-V d.c. motor fitted with aluminum fan blades mounted above the light source. Air was sucked upwards and expelled at right angles, through the collecting cage. The ultraviolet light-trap of Wilton consists of a 4-W blacklight fluorescent tube (peak radiation about 3650 Å) operated from a 12-V car battery through an inverter and a 6-V d.c. motor with a 2-bladed fan connected through a 75 ohm resistor to the same battery. A 1.2-cm square mesh screen is placed behind the lamp. The collection cage consists of Tubeguaz stretched over two 10-in wooden embroidery hoops held apart by three 7-in long metal struts. The trap is constructed so that it can operate as a downdraft trap with the light above, or by inverting it as an updraft trap with the light below. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the Monks Wood trap, which combines a visual light attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Light is provided by a 23-cm 6-W fluorescent tube mounted vertically between three white plastic or metal baffles. Light tubes giving either ultraviolet or white light with emissions of different spectral power distributions can be used. These tubes consume only 0.5 A and have a life of about 5000 h. They operate through a transistor ballast (inverter) from a 12-V d.c. battery. The baffles housing the tube are slotted into a 19-cm length of clear acrylic 10-cm diameter tubing. A removable wire mesh screen is held in position at the entrance of the trap body by a metal ring secured by three small clips. A detachable metal cover rests on top of the baffles to protect it against rain. Suction to draw mosquitoes into the trap is provided by either a 6-V motor connected to a resistor or by a 12-V motor. A netting bag similar in shape to that used with the CDC trap, but differing in that the top and upper sections of its walls are made of cotton cloth not netting, is fitted to the trap body. A slit like opening in the middle extends along a third of its circumference to allow damp cotton wool, or plastic foam sponge covered with filter paper, to be placed over the floor of the bag to help keep the catch alive overnight. The edges of the slit opening are covered with Velcro. A small transistorized photosensitized light cell, which permits the trap to be automatically switched on and off around sunset and sunrise, can be incorporated into the top of the metal box housing the ballast. To prevent the catch escaping when the trap is automatically switched off, a smooth 11-cm diameter plastic funnel can be inserted into the base of the neck of the bag. A small switch on the ballast box permits the operator to choose between manual or automatic operation. leisen 2012-01-05T02:29:44Z VSMO:0001299 Monks Wood light-trap Powered trap, designated the Monks Wood trap, which combines a visual light attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Light is provided by a 23-cm 6-W fluorescent tube mounted vertically between three white plastic or metal baffles. Light tubes giving either ultraviolet or white light with emissions of different spectral power distributions can be used. These tubes consume only 0.5 A and have a life of about 5000 h. They operate through a transistor ballast (inverter) from a 12-V d.c. battery. The baffles housing the tube are slotted into a 19-cm length of clear acrylic 10-cm diameter tubing. A removable wire mesh screen is held in position at the entrance of the trap body by a metal ring secured by three small clips. A detachable metal cover rests on top of the baffles to protect it against rain. Suction to draw mosquitoes into the trap is provided by either a 6-V motor connected to a resistor or by a 12-V motor. A netting bag similar in shape to that used with the CDC trap, but differing in that the top and upper sections of its walls are made of cotton cloth not netting, is fitted to the trap body. A slit like opening in the middle extends along a third of its circumference to allow damp cotton wool, or plastic foam sponge covered with filter paper, to be placed over the floor of the bag to help keep the catch alive overnight. The edges of the slit opening are covered with Velcro. A small transistorized photosensitized light cell, which permits the trap to be automatically switched on and off around sunset and sunrise, can be incorporated into the top of the metal box housing the ballast. To prevent the catch escaping when the trap is automatically switched off, a smooth 11-cm diameter plastic funnel can be inserted into the base of the neck of the bag. A small switch on the ballast box permits the operator to choose between manual or automatic operation. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the counter-flow geometry trap, which combines an olfactory attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The counter-flow geometry trap operates on the principle of producing two air streams flowing in opposite directions. A downward flow produces a plume of carbon dioxide or other attractants from the bottom of the trap. Mosquitoes are attracted to the CO2 odor plume and are caught in an updraft generated by a second fan. The original trap was constructed from a clear PVC pretzel container, modified by removing the bottom and adding a mounting flange and a 10.16-cm diameter × 17.78-cm length of PVC thin-walled pipe. A 5.08 cm diameter × 30.48 cm length of PVC pipe was fitted inside the larger diameter pipe, extending 7.62 cm beyond each end of the 10.16-cm pipe. An 80-mm fan was attached to the top of the PVC container. A 40-mm fan was mounted so as to seal the 5.08-cm tube from the outer container and produce a downwards airflow which exits from the bottom of the 5.08 cm pipe. A tube with an inner diameter of 0.32 cm passes through the outer container and into the side of the 5.08 cm pipe, above the 10.16 cm pipe, and provides an entrance port for CO2 to enrich the exit plume produced by the 40-mm fan. A small lid was attached above the 80-mm fan to prevent rain damage to the fan and to the mosquito collection. The CFG trap was hung from a pole so that the bottom of the attractant plume was approximately 50 cm above ground level. leisen 2012-01-05T02:56:19Z VSMO:0001300 counter-flow geometry trap Powered trap, designated the counter-flow geometry trap, which combines an olfactory attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The counter-flow geometry trap operates on the principle of producing two air streams flowing in opposite directions. A downward flow produces a plume of carbon dioxide or other attractants from the bottom of the trap. Mosquitoes are attracted to the CO2 odor plume and are caught in an updraft generated by a second fan. The original trap was constructed from a clear PVC pretzel container, modified by removing the bottom and adding a mounting flange and a 10.16-cm diameter × 17.78-cm length of PVC thin-walled pipe. A 5.08 cm diameter × 30.48 cm length of PVC pipe was fitted inside the larger diameter pipe, extending 7.62 cm beyond each end of the 10.16-cm pipe. An 80-mm fan was attached to the top of the PVC container. A 40-mm fan was mounted so as to seal the 5.08-cm tube from the outer container and produce a downwards airflow which exits from the bottom of the 5.08 cm pipe. A tube with an inner diameter of 0.32 cm passes through the outer container and into the side of the 5.08 cm pipe, above the 10.16 cm pipe, and provides an entrance port for CO2 to enrich the exit plume produced by the 40-mm fan. A small lid was attached above the 80-mm fan to prevent rain damage to the fan and to the mosquito collection. The CFG trap was hung from a pole so that the bottom of the attractant plume was approximately 50 cm above ground level. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the Haufe and Burgess trap, which combines a visual color attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Haufe and Burgess considered that the failure to collect mosquitoes with light-traps in subarctic regions of Canada was due to the natural high light intensity of the nights and the absence of periods of total darkness in their working area. For these reasons they designed traps that relied on a strong visual attraction. A fan is mounted about midway in a vertical metal cylinder, which is painted with 12 spiral 1 5/8-in wide black and white stripes. A horizontal disc considerably larger than the diameter of the cylinder is mounted above it to leave a small slit like entrance gap. A circular opening slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylinder is cut from the middle of the disc to allow a free flow of air through the middle of the disc down into the cylinder and out at the base. The disc is painted on both surfaces with 12 black and white stripes, which are expanded distally and taper towards the middle. Both cylinder and disc are rotated by a fan belt from a small motor mounted near the base of the trap. Mosquitoes attracted to the trap fly towards the black and white stripes on the cylinder, and their inwardly spiraling movement guides them to the top where they are prevented from overshooting by the disc. They eventually fly through the gap between the disc and cylinder, and get sucked down into the trap and collected in a suitable net or killing bottle. Alternatively, the catch can be collected in a removable magazine into which a number of small discs drop at pre-determined time intervals thus enabling the catch to be divided into hourly samples. 2012-01-06T08:07:26Z VSMO:0001301 Haufe and Burgess trap Powered trap, designated the Haufe and Burgess trap, which combines a visual color attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Haufe and Burgess considered that the failure to collect mosquitoes with light-traps in subarctic regions of Canada was due to the natural high light intensity of the nights and the absence of periods of total darkness in their working area. For these reasons they designed traps that relied on a strong visual attraction. A fan is mounted about midway in a vertical metal cylinder, which is painted with 12 spiral 1 5/8-in wide black and white stripes. A horizontal disc considerably larger than the diameter of the cylinder is mounted above it to leave a small slit like entrance gap. A circular opening slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylinder is cut from the middle of the disc to allow a free flow of air through the middle of the disc down into the cylinder and out at the base. The disc is painted on both surfaces with 12 black and white stripes, which are expanded distally and taper towards the middle. Both cylinder and disc are rotated by a fan belt from a small motor mounted near the base of the trap. Mosquitoes attracted to the trap fly towards the black and white stripes on the cylinder, and their inwardly spiraling movement guides them to the top where they are prevented from overshooting by the disc. They eventually fly through the gap between the disc and cylinder, and get sucked down into the trap and collected in a suitable net or killing bottle. Alternatively, the catch can be collected in a removable magazine into which a number of small discs drop at pre-determined time intervals thus enabling the catch to be divided into hourly samples. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the Fay-Prince trap, which combines a visual color attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: It is well known that female Aedes aegypti are attracted more to dark than light objects and that shiny surfaces are more attractive than dull ones. The Fay-Prince trap has an upper part, which is wind orientated, and a lower fixed part. The upper part consists of an aluminum trapezoid, 17 1/2 inches high. A recessed shelf, 2 3/4 inches deep and 2 1/4 inches thick, is pushed to the rear of the trapezoid. A 4-inch diameter semi-circle is cut from the center of the front edge of this shelf. The rear end of the aluminum trapezoid above the shelf is covered with a transparent plastic window. This upper part of the trap is suspended by a wire attached to its middle. It has adjustable sliding panels to its front edge to counterbalance it and allow it to swing freely. The fixed part of the trap consists of a 6-inch high, 3 1/2-inch diameter, metal cylinder fixed by a hose clamp to a horizontal support. A 4.5-V d.c. motor with 3 1/8-inch fan blades is mounted within the cylinder to draw mosquitoes down into a CDC collecting bag tied underneath. The recessed shelf, outside of the metal cylinder and upper half of its inside are painted gloss black. The rest of the trap, including the 6-V battery, is painted white. leisen 2012-01-06T08:11:55Z VSMO:0001302 Fay-Prince trap Powered trap, designated the Fay-Prince trap, which combines a visual color attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: It is well known that female Aedes aegypti are attracted more to dark than light objects and that shiny surfaces are more attractive than dull ones. The Fay-Prince trap has an upper part, which is wind orientated, and a lower fixed part. The upper part consists of an aluminum trapezoid, 17 1/2 inches high. A recessed shelf, 2 3/4 inches deep and 2 1/4 inches thick, is pushed to the rear of the trapezoid. A 4-inch diameter semi-circle is cut from the center of the front edge of this shelf. The rear end of the aluminum trapezoid above the shelf is covered with a transparent plastic window. This upper part of the trap is suspended by a wire attached to its middle. It has adjustable sliding panels to its front edge to counterbalance it and allow it to swing freely. The fixed part of the trap consists of a 6-inch high, 3 1/2-inch diameter, metal cylinder fixed by a hose clamp to a horizontal support. A 4.5-V d.c. motor with 3 1/8-inch fan blades is mounted within the cylinder to draw mosquitoes down into a CDC collecting bag tied underneath. The recessed shelf, outside of the metal cylinder and upper half of its inside are painted gloss black. The rest of the trap, including the 6-V battery, is painted white. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay to determine the size of the ampulla in a female mosquito. COMMENT: The ampulla at the anterior end of the common oviduct increases in size during oviposition and does not return to its original size afterwards. Thus comparative measurements of the diameter of the ampulla could be used to differentiate between nulliparous and parous females. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001303 determination of ampulla size A morphological assay to determine the size of the ampulla in a female mosquito. COMMENT: The ampulla at the anterior end of the common oviduct increases in size during oviposition and does not return to its original size afterwards. Thus comparative measurements of the diameter of the ampulla could be used to differentiate between nulliparous and parous females. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay to measure the daily deposition of cuticle on the skeletal apodemes (cuticular growth rings) on a mosquito. COMMENT: Daily deposition of cuticle on the skeletal apodemes can be used for age determination in mosquitoes. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001304 determination of cuticular growth rings A morphological assay to measure the daily deposition of cuticle on the skeletal apodemes (cuticular growth rings) on a mosquito. COMMENT: Daily deposition of cuticle on the skeletal apodemes can be used for age determination in mosquitoes. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay to measure cuticular hydrocarbons of a mosquito. COMMENT: Relative abundance of specific cuticular hydrocarbons has been used for age determination in mosquitoes, for example Aedes aegypti. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001305 determination of cuticular hydrocarbons A morphological assay to measure cuticular hydrocarbons of a mosquito. COMMENT: Relative abundance of specific cuticular hydrocarbons has been used for age determination in mosquitoes, for example Aedes aegypti. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay to assess external wear of a mosquito. COMMENT: Prior to the 1930s the degree of wear or rubbing on the wings was widely used to distinguish between old and young mosquitoes. However, the usefulness of external wear, and the body part most likely to be informative in this respect, needs to be determined for each species of interest. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001306 determination of external wear A morphological assay to assess external wear of a mosquito. COMMENT: Prior to the 1930s the degree of wear or rubbing on the wings was widely used to distinguish between old and young mosquitoes. However, the usefulness of external wear, and the body part most likely to be informative in this respect, needs to be determined for each species of interest. ISBN:9781402066658 Use of DNA finger printing techniques to identify a blood source. COMMENT: Has been used to determine which individual humans provided mosquito blood meals. leisen 2010-05-21T02:05:26Z VSMO:0001307 DNA based blood meal finger printing Use of DNA finger printing techniques to identify a blood source. COMMENT: Has been used to determine which individual humans provided mosquito blood meals. ISBN:9781402066658 Estimation of the age of an individual based on the expression of specific genes. COMMENT: Gene expression profiles are being explored as means for mosquito age predictions. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001308 genetic age-grading Estimation of the age of an individual based on the expression of specific genes. COMMENT: Gene expression profiles are being explored as means for mosquito age predictions. VSMO:Authors A morphological assay to assess the appearance of the granular basal bodies of the ovaries of a female mosquito. COMMENT: Examining intact ovaries and recording the changes in the appearance of granular material in the ovariole sacs and contracted dilatations, and the presence or absence of globules in the ovarian sheath, has been used to age grade mosquitoes. For example, ovarioles with only diffuse granulation are 1-parous, those with discrete masses of compact granulations occurring singly or in pairs are 2-parous. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001309 determination of granular basal bodies of ovaries A morphological assay to assess the appearance of the granular basal bodies of the ovaries of a female mosquito. COMMENT: Examining intact ovaries and recording the changes in the appearance of granular material in the ovariole sacs and contracted dilatations, and the presence or absence of globules in the ovarian sheath, has been used to age grade mosquitoes. For example, ovarioles with only diffuse granulation are 1-parous, those with discrete masses of compact granulations occurring singly or in pairs are 2-parous. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay to examine a mosquito for presence of meconium in the stomach. COMMENT: Freshly emerged adults of both sexes have a yellowish-brown to greenish colored waste product in the stomach, termed meconium (billiverdin and/or insectoverdin). However, as it is rapidly excreted, usually before or shortly after initial activity, it is of limited use in detecting nullipars or young males. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001310 determination of presence of meconium A morphological assay to examine a mosquito for presence of meconium in the stomach. COMMENT: Freshly emerged adults of both sexes have a yellowish-brown to greenish colored waste product in the stomach, termed meconium (billiverdin and/or insectoverdin). However, as it is rapidly excreted, usually before or shortly after initial activity, it is of limited use in detecting nullipars or young males. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay to examine ovariolar dilatations in a female mosquito. COMMENT: This method (also called Polovodova's method) requires considerable dissection and interpretation skills, but is capable of distinguishing between nulliparous and parous females, and also allows determination of the numbers of separate egg batches laid. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z Polovodova's method VSMO:0001311 determination of ovariolar dilatations A morphological assay to examine ovariolar dilatations in a female mosquito. COMMENT: This method (also called Polovodova's method) requires considerable dissection and interpretation skills, but is capable of distinguishing between nulliparous and parous females, and also allows determination of the numbers of separate egg batches laid. ISBN:9781402066658 Polovodova's method Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites. COMMENT: A parasite infection may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001312 determination of infection with internal parasite Examination of a mosquito for the presence of internal parasites. COMMENT: A parasite infection may be used, based on the parasite life stage present, to determine the minimum number of days the mosquito has survived after ingesting infective blood. VSMO:Authors Examination of a mosquito for the presence of aquatic ectoparasitic mites. COMMENT: Larvae of water mites sometimes parasitize mosquitoes, and it has been suggested that since they leave female mosquitoes at the time of oviposition their presence indicate nulliparity. However, although these mites are predominantly found on nulliparous females they have occasionally been reported on parous mosquitoes. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001313 determination of presence of aquatic ectoparasitic mites Examination of a mosquito for the presence of aquatic ectoparasitic mites. COMMENT: Larvae of water mites sometimes parasitize mosquitoes, and it has been suggested that since they leave female mosquitoes at the time of oviposition their presence indicate nulliparity. However, although these mites are predominantly found on nulliparous females they have occasionally been reported on parous mosquitoes. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay to examine a mosquito to determine the quantity of pteridine pigments present. COMMENT: The increase with age of the quantity of several pigments in various structures of insects can sometimes be used to age grade them. The most widely known pigments associated with age are fluorescent substances called pteridines, which are degradation products of purine metabolism that function as light filters in eyes, as sexual coloration pigments or as enzyme cofactors. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001314 determination of pteridines A morphological assay to examine a mosquito to determine the quantity of pteridine pigments present. COMMENT: The increase with age of the quantity of several pigments in various structures of insects can sometimes be used to age grade them. The most widely known pigments associated with age are fluorescent substances called pteridines, which are degradation products of purine metabolism that function as light filters in eyes, as sexual coloration pigments or as enzyme cofactors. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay to determine the rotation of the genitalia of a male mosquito. COMMENT: Newly emerged male mosquitoes may be recognized by the incomplete rotation of their genitalia. The time taken for various degrees of rotation can be experimentally determined in the field or laboratory. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001315 determination of rotation of male genitalia A morphological assay to determine the rotation of the genitalia of a male mosquito. COMMENT: Newly emerged male mosquitoes may be recognized by the incomplete rotation of their genitalia. The time taken for various degrees of rotation can be experimentally determined in the field or laboratory. ISBN:9781402066658 A morphological assay of a female mosquito to assess the terminations of the fine tracheoles covering the ovaries with the purpose of finding if they are tightly coiled into skeins of the ovaries. COMMENT: The terminations of the fine tracheoles covering the ovaries are tightly coiled into skeins in females with ovaries that have not developed, but become stretched and uncoiled as the ovaries develop. This uncoiling is an irreversible change, so that the presence of skeins indicates nulliparity. This is a very simple method that demands no great dissecting skill and has become a routine and successful procedure that is widely used to determine the proportion of parous mosquitoes. The method consists of dissecting out the ovaries in tap or distilled water (not saline) placing a line of 10-15 paired ovaries on a microscope slide and allowing them to dry out. So long as slides are protected against ants, cockroaches and other scavengers they can be kept more or less indefinitely before examination. leisen 2010-05-21T01:03:00Z VSMO:0001316 The terminations of the fine tracheoles covering the ovaries are tightly coiled into skeins in females with ovaries that have not developed, but become stretched and uncoiled as the ovaries develop. This uncoiling is an irreversible change, so that the presence of skeins indicates nulliparity. This is a very simple method that demands no great dissecting skill and has become a routine and successful procedure that is widely used to determine the proportion of parous mosquitoes. The method consists of dissecting out the ovaries in tap or distilled water (not saline) placing a line of 10-15 paired ovaries on a microscope slide and allowing them to dry out. So long as slides are protected against ants, cockroaches and other scavengers they can be kept more or less indefinitely before examination. determination of tracheation of the ovaries A morphological assay of a female mosquito to assess the terminations of the fine tracheoles covering the ovaries with the purpose of finding if they are tightly coiled into skeins of the ovaries. COMMENT: The terminations of the fine tracheoles covering the ovaries are tightly coiled into skeins in females with ovaries that have not developed, but become stretched and uncoiled as the ovaries develop. This uncoiling is an irreversible change, so that the presence of skeins indicates nulliparity. This is a very simple method that demands no great dissecting skill and has become a routine and successful procedure that is widely used to determine the proportion of parous mosquitoes. The method consists of dissecting out the ovaries in tap or distilled water (not saline) placing a line of 10-15 paired ovaries on a microscope slide and allowing them to dry out. So long as slides are protected against ants, cockroaches and other scavengers they can be kept more or less indefinitely before examination. ISBN:9781402066658 Use of enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify a blood source. COMMENT: One of the most commonly used blood-meal identification methods for arthropods. leisen 2010-05-21T02:05:26Z VSMO:0001319 ELISA based blood meal identification Use of enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify a blood source. COMMENT: One of the most commonly used blood-meal identification methods for arthropods. ISBN:9781402066658 Use of cytochrome b DNA to identify a blood source. COMMENT: Cytochrome b is a useful marker for identifying blood meals as it is present in high copy number as a mitochondrial gene and demonstrates sufficient genetic variation at the primary sequence level to permit reliable identification of vertebrate taxa. leisen 2010-05-21T02:05:26Z VSMO:0001320 species identification by cytochrome b DNA Use of cytochrome b DNA to identify a blood source. COMMENT: Cytochrome b is a useful marker for identifying blood meals as it is present in high copy number as a mitochondrial gene and demonstrates sufficient genetic variation at the primary sequence level to permit reliable identification of vertebrate taxa. ISBN:9781402066658 Use of histological methods to identify a blood source. COMMENT: Histological methods can be used to identify mixed blood meals in arthropods. Useful histological parameters for identifying multiple blood meals include: the peritrophic membrane, a zone of digested blood surrounding undigested blood, the presence of the remnants of a previous fully digested blood meal, and distinct physical separation of blood meals. leisen 2010-05-21T02:05:26Z VSMO:0001321 histological based blood meal identification Use of histological methods to identify a blood source. COMMENT: Histological methods can be used to identify mixed blood meals in arthropods. Useful histological parameters for identifying multiple blood meals include: the peritrophic membrane, a zone of digested blood surrounding undigested blood, the presence of the remnants of a previous fully digested blood meal, and distinct physical separation of blood meals. ISBN:9781402066658 The process of introducing a distinguishing characteristic (mark) on an individual arthropod. COMMENT: Used in mark-release-recapture studies. leisen 2010-05-21T02:16:10Z VSMO:0001322 marking of arthropod The process of introducing a distinguishing characteristic (mark) on an individual arthropod. COMMENT: Used in mark-release-recapture studies. VSMO:Authors The process of capturing and marking an individual animal and then releasing and recapturing it. COMMENT: Mark-release-recapture is the most commonly used method to determine how far an arthropod may disperse in the environment. leisen 2010-05-21T02:16:39Z VSMO:0001323 mark-release-recapture The process of capturing and marking an individual animal and then releasing and recapturing it. COMMENT: Mark-release-recapture is the most commonly used method to determine how far an arthropod may disperse in the environment. VSMO:Authors Marking with a laser. COMMENT: Laser marking has been used to mark beetles and may prove useful also to mark arthropods with heavily sclerotised exoskeletons. leisen 2010-05-21T02:19:27Z laser etching VSMO:0001325 laser marking Marking with a laser. COMMENT: Laser marking has been used to mark beetles and may prove useful also to mark arthropods with heavily sclerotised exoskeletons. ISBN:9781402066658 laser etching Marking with a radioactive material. COMMENT: Radioactive materials may be used to mark arthropods, for example through ingestion of a blood meal containing a radioactive material such as Rubidium. leisen 2010-05-21T02:19:27Z VSMO:0001327 radioactive marking Marking with a radioactive material. COMMENT: Radioactive materials may be used to mark arthropods, for example through ingestion of a blood meal containing a radioactive material such as Rubidium. ISBN:9781402066658 Marking with a colored substance. COMMENT: Arthropods can be marked with a variety of colored substances. This is most commonly done through topical application of colored dusts, pigments, paints, inks or dyes. Adult mosquitoes also have been fed soluble dyes, usually in sugar solution. This type of marking is often used in mark-release-recapture studies. Another use is for "self-marking" of emerging mosquito adults in mark-recapture studies. leisen 2010-05-21T02:35:35Z VSMO:0001328 color marking Marking with a colored substance. COMMENT: Arthropods can be marked with a variety of colored substances. This is most commonly done through topical application of colored dusts, pigments, paints, inks or dyes. Adult mosquitoes also have been fed soluble dyes, usually in sugar solution. This type of marking is often used in mark-release-recapture studies. Another use is for "self-marking" of emerging mosquito adults in mark-recapture studies. ISBN:9781402066658 Process to quantify a closed insect population without immigration or emigration. leisen 2010-05-21T02:56:15Z VSMO:0001331 estimation of size of closed insect population Process to quantify a closed insect population without immigration or emigration. VSMO:Authors Process to quantify an open insect population where immigration or emigration may occur. leisen 2010-05-21T02:58:29Z VSMO:0001332 estimation of size of open insect population Process to quantify an open insect population where immigration or emigration may occur. VSMO:Authors The process of marking and recapturing an individual animal. COMMENT: Dispersal of an arthropod can be estimated through mark-recapture if it can be marked before or while it is emerging in a motile life stage. An example is self-marking of emerging mosquito adults. leisen 2010-05-21T03:02:02Z VSMO:0001333 mark-recapture The process of marking and recapturing an individual animal. COMMENT: Dispersal of an arthropod can be estimated through mark-recapture if it can be marked before or while it is emerging in a motile life stage. An example is self-marking of emerging mosquito adults. VSMO:Authors Abundance estimate, designated the weighted mean Lincoln Index, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: This method extends the Lincoln Index to include a series of daily estimates of population size. Those based on days when the numbers of recaptured marked individuals is large will be more realistic in estimating what the actual population size is than daily estimates based on low recapture numbers. It therefore is appropriate to calculate a weighted mean for the estimate of the number of individuals in the population. leisen 2010-05-21T03:09:01Z VSMO:0001334 weighted mean Lincoln Index Abundance estimate, designated the weighted mean Lincoln Index, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: This method extends the Lincoln Index to include a series of daily estimates of population size. Those based on days when the numbers of recaptured marked individuals is large will be more realistic in estimating what the actual population size is than daily estimates based on low recapture numbers. It therefore is appropriate to calculate a weighted mean for the estimate of the number of individuals in the population. ISBN:9781402066658 VSMO:Authors Abundance estimate, designated Skalski's relative abundance, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Mark-recapture techniques are not only used to estimate absolute population size, but sometimes to measure proportional abundance, such as comparison of population levels in time or place, or to record changes in levels. For instance the ratio (K) of mosquito abundance in one population (N2) to that of another (N1) can be obtained as K = N2/N1. Skalski and colleagues presented two alternative methods for obtaining confidence intervals of estimated K values for paired populations obtained by single mark-recapture methods. leisen 2010-05-21T03:42:07Z VSMO:0001335 Skalski's relative abundance Abundance estimate, designated Skalski's relative abundance, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Mark-recapture techniques are not only used to estimate absolute population size, but sometimes to measure proportional abundance, such as comparison of population levels in time or place, or to record changes in levels. For instance the ratio (K) of mosquito abundance in one population (N2) to that of another (N1) can be obtained as K = N2/N1. Skalski and colleagues presented two alternative methods for obtaining confidence intervals of estimated K values for paired populations obtained by single mark-recapture methods. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated the Schnabel censuses, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Schnabel censuses are maximum-likelihood methods to estimate population size in closed populations when there are two or more periods of capture. leisen 2010-05-21T03:09:01Z VSMO:0001336 Schnabel censuses Abundance estimate, designated the Schnabel censuses, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Schnabel censuses are maximum-likelihood methods to estimate population size in closed populations when there are two or more periods of capture. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated the Lincoln / Petersen-Lincoln Index, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Lincoln is usually credited with developing the method for estimating population size in which a known number of individuals are marked and returned to the parent population, prior to resampling, and hence the method is most frequently referred to as the Lincoln index. The principle behind the method is that a known number of individuals are caught, marked and then returned to the population. After a suitable interval to allow mixing a second population sample is taken and the numbers of marked and unmarked individuals recorded. The ratio of the number of marked individuals in the second sample to the total number in the second sample (both marked and unmarked) will be the same as the ratio of marked individuals released from the original capture to the total population. The simplest population estimates (P) are obtained from a single marking occasion and the use of the Lincoln Index to analyze the recaptures: P = an/r where P = the estimate of the number of individuals in the population, a = total number marked in the first sample, n = total number of individuals in the second sample, and r = total recaptures. leisen 2010-05-21T03:09:01Z VSMO:0001337 Lincoln / Petersen-Lincoln Index Abundance estimate, designated the Lincoln / Petersen-Lincoln Index, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Lincoln is usually credited with developing the method for estimating population size in which a known number of individuals are marked and returned to the parent population, prior to resampling, and hence the method is most frequently referred to as the Lincoln index. The principle behind the method is that a known number of individuals are caught, marked and then returned to the population. After a suitable interval to allow mixing a second population sample is taken and the numbers of marked and unmarked individuals recorded. The ratio of the number of marked individuals in the second sample to the total number in the second sample (both marked and unmarked) will be the same as the ratio of marked individuals released from the original capture to the total population. The simplest population estimates (P) are obtained from a single marking occasion and the use of the Lincoln Index to analyze the recaptures: P = an/r where P = the estimate of the number of individuals in the population, a = total number marked in the first sample, n = total number of individuals in the second sample, and r = total recaptures. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated the modified Lincoln Index, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: This is a Bayesian modification of the Lincoln Index: P = (an+AB)/r+B where P, a, n and r are as defined in the Lincoln Index, B is a mathematical variable, and A is a prior guess by the investigator of the probable population size. leisen 2010-05-21T03:09:01Z VSMO:0001338 modified Lincoln Index Abundance estimate, designated the modified Lincoln Index, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: This is a Bayesian modification of the Lincoln Index: P = (an+AB)/r+B where P, a, n and r are as defined in the Lincoln Index, B is a mathematical variable, and A is a prior guess by the investigator of the probable population size. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated Bailey's triple catch estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Bailey introduced a deterministic maximum likelihood techniques into the analysis of mark recapture data, facilitating the calculation of variances of estimates. Essentially, the idea is that the population is sampled on three distinct occasions. On the first occasion arthropods are caught, marked, and released, on the second occasion arthropods are caught and both unmarked and marked ones given another distinctive mark and released, and finally on the third occasion arthropods are caught and the number of types of mark recorded. The intervals between marking must be sufficient for marked individuals to completely mix with the population, but not too long that a high proportion of marked individuals may die. From an analysis of the numbers of marked and unmarked arthropods caught on the second and third occasions an estimate of the size of the population on the second sampling day can be obtained. leisen 2010-05-21T03:46:10Z VSMO:0001339 Bailey's triple catch estimate Abundance estimate, designated Bailey's triple catch estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Bailey introduced a deterministic maximum likelihood techniques into the analysis of mark recapture data, facilitating the calculation of variances of estimates. Essentially, the idea is that the population is sampled on three distinct occasions. On the first occasion arthropods are caught, marked, and released, on the second occasion arthropods are caught and both unmarked and marked ones given another distinctive mark and released, and finally on the third occasion arthropods are caught and the number of types of mark recorded. The intervals between marking must be sufficient for marked individuals to completely mix with the population, but not too long that a high proportion of marked individuals may die. From an analysis of the numbers of marked and unmarked arthropods caught on the second and third occasions an estimate of the size of the population on the second sampling day can be obtained. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated Fisher and Ford's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: This deterministic technique relies on a series of markings and recaptures, and is frequently referred to as the trellis method, because the mark recapture data are tabulated as a trellis diagram. Essentially the process involves making a series of Petersen- Lincoln index estimates working backwards from recapture to release date. A constant survival rate that best fits the data must be determined by trial and error. leisen 2010-05-21T03:46:10Z VSMO:0001340 Fisher and Ford's estimate Abundance estimate, designated Fisher and Ford's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: This deterministic technique relies on a series of markings and recaptures, and is frequently referred to as the trellis method, because the mark recapture data are tabulated as a trellis diagram. Essentially the process involves making a series of Petersen- Lincoln index estimates working backwards from recapture to release date. A constant survival rate that best fits the data must be determined by trial and error. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated Jackson's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Jackson introduced two new deterministic concepts, the 'positive' and 'negative' methods. Positive method. In the positive method the loss ratio is calculated for a specific release day across all release groups. A large number of individuals are caught and marked on a single occasion and are subsequently recaptured on a series of occasions. Marked individuals are recorded at each recapture and all, or most of them are then released to avoid reducing the numbers of marked individuals available for future recapture. This gives information on the changes in the proportions of marked to unmarked individuals on each sampling occasion. Extrapolation of mark-recapture data gives an estimate of the number of recaptures that would have been obtained if sampling had occurred directly after marking, assuming of course that marked individuals had mixed with the unmarked population. Negative method. Marked and unmarked individuals should theoretically have a common loss rate, due to mortality or emigration. Any difference between the proportional recovery of marked individuals from two successive releases on different dates on a subsequent recapture occasion, should indicate the degree of change that occurred in the first marked group of individuals during the period between the two markings and releases. Working on this principle Jackson devised his 'negative' method, which estimates the loss ratio from the subsequent daily percentage losses for two release groups. In this method a series of catches are made in which individuals are marked and released, but only on the last catch are the recaptures of marked individuals and the number of marks on them recorded. An advantage of this method is that careful classification of individuals according to marks is only required on the final sampling occasion. leisen 2010-05-21T03:46:10Z VSMO:0001341 Jackson's estimate Abundance estimate, designated Jackson's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Jackson introduced two new deterministic concepts, the 'positive' and 'negative' methods. Positive method. In the positive method the loss ratio is calculated for a specific release day across all release groups. A large number of individuals are caught and marked on a single occasion and are subsequently recaptured on a series of occasions. Marked individuals are recorded at each recapture and all, or most of them are then released to avoid reducing the numbers of marked individuals available for future recapture. This gives information on the changes in the proportions of marked to unmarked individuals on each sampling occasion. Extrapolation of mark-recapture data gives an estimate of the number of recaptures that would have been obtained if sampling had occurred directly after marking, assuming of course that marked individuals had mixed with the unmarked population. Negative method. Marked and unmarked individuals should theoretically have a common loss rate, due to mortality or emigration. Any difference between the proportional recovery of marked individuals from two successive releases on different dates on a subsequent recapture occasion, should indicate the degree of change that occurred in the first marked group of individuals during the period between the two markings and releases. Working on this principle Jackson devised his 'negative' method, which estimates the loss ratio from the subsequent daily percentage losses for two release groups. In this method a series of catches are made in which individuals are marked and released, but only on the last catch are the recaptures of marked individuals and the number of marks on them recorded. An advantage of this method is that careful classification of individuals according to marks is only required on the final sampling occasion. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated Leslie's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Three deterministic methods (A, B, & C) were proposed and maximum likelihood equations used to estimate the death rate of a population which was assumed to remain constant over the sampling period. In Method A individuals are classified on each sampling occasion according to the number of marks they have received, so that a single recaptured individual with multiple marks is entered several times in the recapture table. In Method B the recaptures are grouped according to the date on which they were last marked and all other marks are ignored. This approach results in no loss of information and the method should give better estimates of the survival rates. leisen 2010-05-21T03:46:10Z VSMO:0001342 Leslie's estimate Abundance estimate, designated Leslie's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Three deterministic methods (A, B, & C) were proposed and maximum likelihood equations used to estimate the death rate of a population which was assumed to remain constant over the sampling period. In Method A individuals are classified on each sampling occasion according to the number of marks they have received, so that a single recaptured individual with multiple marks is entered several times in the recapture table. In Method B the recaptures are grouped according to the date on which they were last marked and all other marks are ignored. This approach results in no loss of information and the method should give better estimates of the survival rates. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated MacLeod's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: MacLeod's deterministic method, derived from the Lincoln Index, attempts to overcome the problem that the loss rate of marked vectors is not constant over time. leisen 2010-05-21T03:46:10Z VSMO:0001343 MacLeod's estimate Abundance estimate, designated MacLeod's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: MacLeod's deterministic method, derived from the Lincoln Index, attempts to overcome the problem that the loss rate of marked vectors is not constant over time. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate based on ratio changes resulting from the removal of individuals. COMMENT: Change in ratio removal methods (for example Kelker's selective removal method) exploit natural differences in appearance between different classes of the vector population, most commonly sexual dimorphism. The proportions of the two sexes in the population is determined, followed by removal of a known number of one of the sexes. The new ratio between the sexes in the population is determined afresh and the total population can then be estimated from the change in ratio between the two sexes. leisen 2010-05-21T03:46:10Z VSMO:0001344 change in ratio removal estimate Abundance estimate based on ratio changes resulting from the removal of individuals. COMMENT: Change in ratio removal methods (for example Kelker's selective removal method) exploit natural differences in appearance between different classes of the vector population, most commonly sexual dimorphism. The proportions of the two sexes in the population is determined, followed by removal of a known number of one of the sexes. The new ratio between the sexes in the population is determined afresh and the total population can then be estimated from the change in ratio between the two sexes. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated Manly and Parr's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Manly and Parr introduced a stochastic method for estimating sampling intensity in mark-recapture studies, from which population size can be estimated. A number of catches are made on different occasions and individuals are marked with a different colored paint, or the same color in a different position, on each day of marking, i.e. date-specific marking. The time interval between the sampling dates need not be constant and the only assumption is that sampling is random. An advantage of the method is that it does not assume that mortality is independent of age. leisen 2010-05-21T03:46:10Z VSMO:0001345 Manly and Parr's estimate Abundance estimate, designated Manly and Parr's estimate, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Manly and Parr introduced a stochastic method for estimating sampling intensity in mark-recapture studies, from which population size can be estimated. A number of catches are made on different occasions and individuals are marked with a different colored paint, or the same color in a different position, on each day of marking, i.e. date-specific marking. The time interval between the sampling dates need not be constant and the only assumption is that sampling is random. An advantage of the method is that it does not assume that mortality is independent of age. ISBN:9781402066658 Abundance estimate, designated the stochastic model of Jolly and Seber, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Stochastic models for open populations in which there are simultaneous births and deaths and possibly immigration and emigration were proposed by Darroch and independently by Seber and Jolly; in all procedures population parameters are estimated by maximum-likelihood. Jolly's method is almost identical with that of Seber but has the advantage that allowances are made for individuals killed after recapture, and not released. The basic assumptions are that: (i) on any sampling occasion all vectors in the population have the same probability of capture and all those caught have the same probability of being released again, irrespective of the previous capture history of the vector; (ii) the survival rate between day i and day i + 1 is the same for all individuals in the population, independent of age; and (iii) emigration is permanent and thus is equivalent to death. leisen 2010-05-21T03:46:10Z VSMO:0001346 stochastic model of Jolly and Seber Abundance estimate, designated the stochastic model of Jolly and Seber, which is based on mark-recapture data. COMMENT: Stochastic models for open populations in which there are simultaneous births and deaths and possibly immigration and emigration were proposed by Darroch and independently by Seber and Jolly; in all procedures population parameters are estimated by maximum-likelihood. Jolly's method is almost identical with that of Seber but has the advantage that allowances are made for individuals killed after recapture, and not released. The basic assumptions are that: (i) on any sampling occasion all vectors in the population have the same probability of capture and all those caught have the same probability of being released again, irrespective of the previous capture history of the vector; (ii) the survival rate between day i and day i + 1 is the same for all individuals in the population, independent of age; and (iii) emigration is permanent and thus is equivalent to death. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment used to collect immature aquatic stages (larva, pupa) of an arthropod. leisen 2010-05-26T08:39:28Z VSMO:0001348 equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures Equipment used to collect immature aquatic stages (larva, pupa) of an arthropod. VSMO:Authors Trap for adult flying arthropods designed to capture specimens while they are emerging as adults and then hold them in place for some period of time. leisen 2010-05-22T09:22:03Z VSMO:0001352 trap for emerging adult arthropods Trap for adult flying arthropods designed to capture specimens while they are emerging as adults and then hold them in place for some period of time. LE:LE Trap for adult flying arthropods designed to capture females while they are gravid and searching for an oviposition site for their eggs, and then hold them in place for some period of time. leisen 2010-05-22T09:22:03Z VSMO:0001353 trap for gravid females Trap for adult flying arthropods designed to capture females while they are gravid and searching for an oviposition site for their eggs, and then hold them in place for some period of time. LE:LE Trap for adult flying arthropods designed to capture host-seeking specimens and then hold them in place for some period of time. leisen 2010-05-22T09:22:03Z VSMO:0001354 trap for host-seeking adult arthropods Trap for adult flying arthropods designed to capture host-seeking specimens and then hold them in place for some period of time. VSMO:Authors Shelter for adult flying arthropods designed to provide a resting environment from which they can be readily collected. COMMENT: Most commonly used to collect mosquitoes. leisen 2010-05-22T09:22:03Z VSMO:0001355 trap or shelter for resting adult arthropods Shelter for adult flying arthropods designed to provide a resting environment from which they can be readily collected. COMMENT: Most commonly used to collect mosquitoes. LE:LE Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a plastic sheet to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. leisen 2010-05-22T09:30:18Z VSMO:0001356 pesticide-treated plastic sheet Pesticide-treated screening material in the form of a plastic sheet to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of africana. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Bunyamwera virus chikungunya virus Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2010-05-23T08:48:37Z MIRO:40001268 NCBITaxon:667564 Mansonia major Theobald VSMO:0001359 Mansonia africana A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of africana. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Bunyamwera virus chikungunya virus Rift Valley fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors Equipment used in the process of aircraft-based vector management. leisen 2010-05-24T03:26:16Z VSMO:0001360 aircraft-based vector management equipment Equipment used in the process of aircraft-based vector management. VSMO:Authors Equipment used in the process of ground-based vector management. leisen 2010-05-24T03:26:16Z VSMO:0001361 ground-based vector management equipment Equipment used in the process of ground-based vector management. VSMO:Authors Aircraft-based vector management equipment in the form of a cold fogger. COMMENT: Both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters have been used to apply cold fogs. Conventional low-volume nozzles (e.g. flat fan) have been used on fixed wing aircraft to create fine sprays, using moderate or high pressures. However, the droplet spectrum is generally poor so preference is given to the use of rotary atomizers or very-high-pressure systems. A rotary atomizer has a cylindrical metal gauze rotated at high speed by an electric motor or by fan blades rotated by the forward speed of the aircraft. The pitch of the blades is adjustable so that the rotational speed of the atomizer can be set in relation to the aircraft speed. In addition to the centrifugal force producing droplets, air shear breaks the liquid into smaller droplets. leisen 2010-05-24T03:28:14Z VSMO:0001362 aircraft-mounted cold fogger Aircraft-based vector management equipment in the form of a cold fogger. COMMENT: Both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters have been used to apply cold fogs. Conventional low-volume nozzles (e.g. flat fan) have been used on fixed wing aircraft to create fine sprays, using moderate or high pressures. However, the droplet spectrum is generally poor so preference is given to the use of rotary atomizers or very-high-pressure systems. A rotary atomizer has a cylindrical metal gauze rotated at high speed by an electric motor or by fan blades rotated by the forward speed of the aircraft. The pitch of the blades is adjustable so that the rotational speed of the atomizer can be set in relation to the aircraft speed. In addition to the centrifugal force producing droplets, air shear breaks the liquid into smaller droplets. URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Aircraft-based vector management equipment in the form of a thermal fogger. COMMENT: For aircraft application of thermal fogs the diluted insecticide formulation is fed into the aircraft exhaust. The exhaust is adapted with vanes to swirl the fog droplets as they are formed. The application of thermal fogs by aircraft has been very limited. leisen 2010-05-24T03:28:14Z VSMO:0001363 aircraft-mounted thermal fogger Aircraft-based vector management equipment in the form of a thermal fogger. COMMENT: For aircraft application of thermal fogs the diluted insecticide formulation is fed into the aircraft exhaust. The exhaust is adapted with vanes to swirl the fog droplets as they are formed. The application of thermal fogs by aircraft has been very limited. URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Pesticide-treated trap that kills a vector or prevents eggs from hatching or immatures from reaching the adult stage. leisen 2010-05-24T03:31:05Z VSMO:0001364 pesticide-treated lethal trap Pesticide-treated trap that kills a vector or prevents eggs from hatching or immatures from reaching the adult stage. VSMO:Authors Chemical-free vector management equipment in the form of a contraption that produces a physical irritant to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. leisen 2010-05-24T03:31:05Z VSMO:0001365 physical irritant device Chemical-free vector management equipment in the form of a contraption that produces a physical irritant to prevent vectors from contacting humans or domestic animals. VSMO:Authors Equipment used in the process of managing vectors through the broadcast of pesticide. leisen 2010-05-24T03:31:05Z VSMO:0001366 pesticide broadcast equipment Equipment used in the process of managing vectors through the broadcast of pesticide. LE:LE Material containing a pesticide that is applied topically to a vector when it contacts the material. leisen 2010-05-24T03:31:05Z VSMO:0001367 pesticide-treated material for direct vector contact Material containing a pesticide that is applied topically to a vector when it contacts the material. VSMO:Authors Equipment for management of vertebrate hosts that consists of a material treated with a pesticide that is topically applied to a vertebrate ectoparasite host when it contacts the material. COMMENT: Examples include cotton-balls treated with acaricide to kill ticks attached to rodent pathogen reservoirs and rollers treated with acaricide in the 4-poster design aiming to kill ticks on deer which contact the rollers while they feed on the 4-poster contraption's bait station. leisen 2010-05-24T03:39:50Z VSMO:0001370 pesticide-treated material for topical contact Equipment for management of vertebrate hosts that consists of a material treated with a pesticide that is topically applied to a vertebrate ectoparasite host when it contacts the material. COMMENT: Examples include cotton-balls treated with acaricide to kill ticks attached to rodent pathogen reservoirs and rollers treated with acaricide in the 4-poster design aiming to kill ticks on deer which contact the rollers while they feed on the 4-poster contraption's bait station. VSMO:Authors Equipment for management of vertebrate hosts that consists of a bait treated with a pesticide that, when ingested by a vertebrate, acts to kill ectoparasites feeding on or attached to the animal. leisen 2010-05-24T03:39:50Z VSMO:0001371 pesticide-treated oral bait Equipment for management of vertebrate hosts that consists of a bait treated with a pesticide that, when ingested by a vertebrate, acts to kill ectoparasites feeding on or attached to the animal. VSMO:Authors The 4-poster deer self-treatment device contains a pesticide-treated material for topical contact in the form of rollers treated with acaricide that is topically applied to the head and neck areas of the deer while they reach for the food in the station. COMMENT: The 4-poster deer self-treatment device typically is baited with whole kernel corn). leisen 2010-05-24T03:41:00Z VSMO:0001372 4-poster deer self-treatment device The 4-poster deer self-treatment device contains a pesticide-treated material for topical contact in the form of rollers treated with acaricide that is topically applied to the head and neck areas of the deer while they reach for the food in the station. COMMENT: The 4-poster deer self-treatment device typically is baited with whole kernel corn). VSMO:Authors A tube-shaped contraption that contains a pesticide-treated material for topical contact in the form of a pesticide dust. COMMENT: Typically in the form of a small tube that contains a food bait and a mechanism for applying an acaricide dust to kill attached ectoparasites, for example by forcing the rodent to contact a dusted part of the contraption before it reaches the food. leisen 2010-05-24T03:41:00Z VSMO:0001373 pesticide dust coated and baited tube A tube-shaped contraption that contains a pesticide-treated material for topical contact in the form of a pesticide dust. COMMENT: Typically in the form of a small tube that contains a food bait and a mechanism for applying an acaricide dust to kill attached ectoparasites, for example by forcing the rodent to contact a dusted part of the contraption before it reaches the food. VSMO:Authors Pesticide-treated material for topical contact that can serve as nesting material. COMMENT: Cotton-balls treated with acaricide have been offered to rodent pathogen reservoirs as nesting material (typically through placing the cotton-balls in a cardboard tube) with the aim to kill ectoparasites attached to the rodents and disrupt pathogen transmission. leisen 2010-05-24T03:41:00Z VSMO:0001374 pesticide-treated nesting material Pesticide-treated material for topical contact that can serve as nesting material. COMMENT: Cotton-balls treated with acaricide have been offered to rodent pathogen reservoirs as nesting material (typically through placing the cotton-balls in a cardboard tube) with the aim to kill ectoparasites attached to the rodents and disrupt pathogen transmission. VSMO:Authors Equipment that is used to deliver residual sprays or space sprays to kill vectors. leisen 2010-05-24T03:44:10Z VSMO:0001376 residual spraying and space spraying equipment Equipment that is used to deliver residual sprays or space sprays to kill vectors. VSMO:Authors Equipment that is used to deliver solid pesticide material. leisen 2010-05-24T03:44:10Z VSMO:0001377 solid pesticide material application equipment Equipment that is used to deliver solid pesticide material. VSMO:Authors Equipment used to release vapors of embedded pesticides at ambient temperature. COMMENT: Includes plastics or resins treated with pesticide, for example metofluthrin. leisen 2010-05-24T03:46:28Z VSMO:0001378 pesticide emanator Equipment used to release vapors of embedded pesticides at ambient temperature. COMMENT: Includes plastics or resins treated with pesticide, for example metofluthrin. VSMO:Authors A solid material containing an insecticide that is released when the coil is heated. leisen 2010-05-24T03:46:28Z VSMO:0001379 pesticide mosquito coil A solid material containing an insecticide that is released when the coil is heated. VSMO:Authors Equipment that is plugged into an electric socket and slowly releases a vaporized pesticide when heated. leisen 2010-05-24T03:46:28Z VSMO:0001380 plug-in pesticide vaporizer Equipment that is plugged into an electric socket and slowly releases a vaporized pesticide when heated. VSMO:Authors Equipment in the form of a pressurized spray can used to deliver pesticide aerosol. COMMENT: The spray can contains a concentrate of the pesticide in an organic solvent or water together with a liquefied or compressed gas propellant. leisen 2010-05-24T03:46:28Z VSMO:0001381 pressurized pesticide spray can Equipment in the form of a pressurized spray can used to deliver pesticide aerosol. COMMENT: The spray can contains a concentrate of the pesticide in an organic solvent or water together with a liquefied or compressed gas propellant. VSMO:Authors Equipment used to deliver cold or thermal fogs. COMMENT: Refers to foggers that are held by hand or mounted on a ground-based vehicle. Fogs are also called aerosols and fall, together with mists, under the broader heading of space sprays. Fogs contain droplets less than 50 micrometers in diameter which remain airborne for a prolonged period of time. The fogger may have a blower to project droplets over a short distance but due to the droplet size in a fog, dispersal is dominated by natural air movement in the atmosphere. leisen 2010-05-24T03:48:09Z VSMO:0001382 fogger Equipment used to deliver cold or thermal fogs. COMMENT: Refers to foggers that are held by hand or mounted on a ground-based vehicle. Fogs are also called aerosols and fall, together with mists, under the broader heading of space sprays. Fogs contain droplets less than 50 micrometers in diameter which remain airborne for a prolonged period of time. The fogger may have a blower to project droplets over a short distance but due to the droplet size in a fog, dispersal is dominated by natural air movement in the atmosphere. ISBN:9241544031 Equipment used to deliver a mist. COMMENT: Mists fall, together with fogs, under the broader heading of space sprays. Mists contain droplets of 50-100 micrometers in diameter (less than 10% of the volume of a mist should contain droplets less than 30 micrometers in diameter) which remain airborne for a prolonged period of time. A mister can also be called a mistblower. leisen 2010-05-24T03:48:09Z mistblower VSMO:0001383 mister Equipment used to deliver a mist. COMMENT: Mists fall, together with fogs, under the broader heading of space sprays. Mists contain droplets of 50-100 micrometers in diameter (less than 10% of the volume of a mist should contain droplets less than 30 micrometers in diameter) which remain airborne for a prolonged period of time. A mister can also be called a mistblower. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO_CDS_NTD_WHOPES_2006.5_eng.pdf Equipment used to deliver sprays that produce a residual deposit on a sprayed surface. leisen 2010-05-24T03:48:09Z VSMO:0001384 sprayer Equipment used to deliver sprays that produce a residual deposit on a sprayed surface. ISBN:9241544031 Manually operated equipment used to deliver sprays that produce a residual deposit on a sprayed surface. leisen 2010-05-24T03:49:16Z VSMO:0001385 manually operated sprayer Manually operated equipment used to deliver sprays that produce a residual deposit on a sprayed surface. ISBN:9241544031 Power-operated equipment used to deliver sprays that produce a residual deposit on a sprayed surface. leisen 2010-05-24T03:49:16Z VSMO:0001386 powered sprayer Power-operated equipment used to deliver sprays that produce a residual deposit on a sprayed surface. ISBN:9241544031 A powered sprayer carried as a backpack/knapsack. COMMENT: Uses a two-stroke engine and a small pump. leisen 2010-05-24T03:51:14Z knapsack powered sprayer VSMO:0001387 backpack-carried powered sprayer A powered sprayer carried as a backpack/knapsack. COMMENT: Uses a two-stroke engine and a small pump. ISBN:9241544031 A powered sprayer mounted on a trailer, tractor, truck, or other vehicle. COMMENT: Uses a two-or four-stroke engine-driven pump. leisen 2010-05-24T03:51:14Z VSMO:0001388 vehicle-mounted powered sprayer A powered sprayer mounted on a trailer, tractor, truck, or other vehicle. COMMENT: Uses a two-or four-stroke engine-driven pump. ISBN:9241544031 Manually operated sprayer in which the container with the pesticide also works as a pressurized air chamber impelling the liquid to the nozzle. COMMENT: Any of the range of hydraulic energy nozzles can be used with this type of sprayer. leisen 2010-05-24T03:53:16Z VSMO:0001389 compression sprayer Manually operated sprayer in which the container with the pesticide also works as a pressurized air chamber impelling the liquid to the nozzle. COMMENT: Any of the range of hydraulic energy nozzles can be used with this type of sprayer. ISBN:9241544031 Manually operated sprayer in the form of a simple piston-operated pump. leisen 2010-05-24T03:53:16Z VSMO:0001390 piston pump sprayer Manually operated sprayer in the form of a simple piston-operated pump. VSMO:Authors Piston pump sprayer which is used by drawing liquid from a container on the backward stroke and then forcing it through the nozzle on the forward stroke. COMMENT: Capacity of 0.5-1 liter. Used for small-scale spot treatments. leisen 2010-05-24T03:54:25Z VSMO:0001391 intermittent hand sprayer Piston pump sprayer which is used by drawing liquid from a container on the backward stroke and then forcing it through the nozzle on the forward stroke. COMMENT: Capacity of 0.5-1 liter. Used for small-scale spot treatments. ISBN:9241544031 Piston pump sprayer operating with a slide action. leisen 2010-05-24T03:54:25Z syringe pump VSMO:0001392 slide pump Piston pump sprayer operating with a slide action. ISBN:9241544031 Piston pump sprayer where the lower end has to be immersed in a separate open bucket when the sprayer is operated. COMMENT: Usually one person is employed to pump while a second person directs the lance which is at the end of a hose up to 6 meters in length. leisen 2010-05-24T03:54:25Z VSMO:0001393 stirrup pump Piston pump sprayer where the lower end has to be immersed in a separate open bucket when the sprayer is operated. COMMENT: Usually one person is employed to pump while a second person directs the lance which is at the end of a hose up to 6 meters in length. ISBN:9241544031 Small compression sprayer that is light enough to be carried in the hand. COMMENT: The volume typically is 1 liter or less. leisen 2010-05-24T03:55:54Z VSMO:0001394 hand-carried compression sprayer Small compression sprayer that is light enough to be carried in the hand. COMMENT: The volume typically is 1 liter or less. ISBN:9241544031 Larger compression sprayer carried as a backpack/knapsack. COMMENT: Capacity in the range of 15 liters. This sprayer has either a piston or diaphragm pump which is operated continuously by a lever. leisen 2010-05-24T03:55:54Z lever-operated knapsack compression sprayer VSMO:0001395 lever-operated backpack-carried compression sprayer Larger compression sprayer carried as a backpack/knapsack. COMMENT: Capacity in the range of 15 liters. This sprayer has either a piston or diaphragm pump which is operated continuously by a lever. ISBN:9241544031 A smaller version of the lever-operated backpack compression sprayer that typically is carried by a single strap over one shoulder. leisen 2010-05-24T03:57:04Z VSMO:0001396 side-carried compression sprayer A smaller version of the lever-operated backpack compression sprayer that typically is carried by a single strap over one shoulder. ISBN:9241544031 Backpack/knapsack-carried equipment used to deliver a mist. COMMENT: The power source typically is a two-stroke engine. The mist-blower uses a high-velocity air-stream to project mist-sized droplets over at least 5 m from the nozzle. The pesticide container typically has a capacity of 10 liters. leisen 2010-05-24T03:58:37Z knapsack mist-blower VSMO:0001397 backpack-carried mist-blower Backpack/knapsack-carried equipment used to deliver a mist. COMMENT: The power source typically is a two-stroke engine. The mist-blower uses a high-velocity air-stream to project mist-sized droplets over at least 5 m from the nozzle. The pesticide container typically has a capacity of 10 liters. ISBN:9241544031 Hand-carried equipment used to deliver a mist. leisen 2010-05-24T03:58:37Z VSMO:0001398 hand-carried mister Hand-carried equipment used to deliver a mist. ISBN:9241544031 Ground vehicle-mounted equipment used to deliver a mist. leisen 2010-05-24T03:58:37Z VSMO:0001399 vehicle-mounted mist-blower Ground vehicle-mounted equipment used to deliver a mist. ISBN:9241544031 Manual mister in the form of a small piston pump. leisen 2010-05-24T04:00:22Z VSMO:0001400 manual hand-carried mister Manual mister in the form of a small piston pump. ISBN:9241544031 Small mister equipped with a 12-volt DC motor. COMMENT: Operated by batteries to drive a plastic disc to deliver a mist, typically through a centrifugal energy nozzle. The pesticide container typically has a capacity of 0.5-1 liter. leisen 2010-05-24T04:00:22Z VSMO:0001401 powered hand-carried mister Small mister equipped with a 12-volt DC motor. COMMENT: Operated by batteries to drive a plastic disc to deliver a mist, typically through a centrifugal energy nozzle. The pesticide container typically has a capacity of 0.5-1 liter. ISBN:9241544031 Equipment used to deliver a cold fog. COMMENT: Refers to cold foggers that are held by hand or mounted on a ground-based vehicle. A cold fog is created by atomization of a liquid without heat through mechanical breaking up of the spray mixture, either by passing it through high-pressure nozzles or by passing a slow stream of the mixture through a high-velocity vortex of air. leisen 2010-05-24T04:01:38Z aerosol generator VSMO:0001402 cold fogger Equipment used to deliver a cold fog. COMMENT: Refers to cold foggers that are held by hand or mounted on a ground-based vehicle. A cold fog is created by atomization of a liquid without heat through mechanical breaking up of the spray mixture, either by passing it through high-pressure nozzles or by passing a slow stream of the mixture through a high-velocity vortex of air. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Equipment used to deliver a thermal fog. COMMENT: Refers to thermal foggers that are held by hand or mounted on a ground-based vehicle. A thermal fog is created using a high temperature to vaporize the spray liquid, which then condenses to form a fog with droplets having a diameter less than 50 micrometers. A thermal fog using an oil-based liquid forms a dense white opaque cloud of droplets that reduces visibility. An adjuvant is added to water-miscible formulations to increase the visibility of the fog. leisen 2010-05-24T04:01:38Z VSMO:0001403 thermal fogger Equipment used to deliver a thermal fog. COMMENT: Refers to thermal foggers that are held by hand or mounted on a ground-based vehicle. A thermal fog is created using a high temperature to vaporize the spray liquid, which then condenses to form a fog with droplets having a diameter less than 50 micrometers. A thermal fog using an oil-based liquid forms a dense white opaque cloud of droplets that reduces visibility. An adjuvant is added to water-miscible formulations to increase the visibility of the fog. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Hand-or backpack-carried portable equipment used to deliver a cold fog. COMMENT: Typically powered with a two-stroke engine or electricity. Flow rates are 1-4 liters per hour. leisen 2010-05-24T04:05:46Z VSMO:0001404 portable cold fogger Hand-or backpack-carried portable equipment used to deliver a cold fog. COMMENT: Typically powered with a two-stroke engine or electricity. Flow rates are 1-4 liters per hour. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Equipment mounted on a ground-based vehicle and used to deliver a cold fog. COMMENT: The power source, typically a four-stroke engine, is mounted on a ground vehicle such as a trailer or truck. Flow rates are in the range of 0.5 litre per minute. leisen 2010-05-24T04:05:46Z VSMO:0001405 ground vehicle-mounted cold fogger Equipment mounted on a ground-based vehicle and used to deliver a cold fog. COMMENT: The power source, typically a four-stroke engine, is mounted on a ground vehicle such as a trailer or truck. Flow rates are in the range of 0.5 litre per minute. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Hand-or backpack-carried portable equipment used to deliver a thermal fog. leisen 2010-05-24T04:06:52Z VSMO:0001406 portable thermal fogger Hand-or backpack-carried portable equipment used to deliver a thermal fog. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Equipment mounted on a ground-based vehicle and used to deliver a thermal fog. COMMENT: The power source, a pulse-jet engine or four-stroke engine, is mounted on a ground vehicle. Delivery rates may reach 10 liters per minute with larger models. leisen 2010-05-24T04:06:52Z VSMO:0001407 ground vehicle-mounted thermal fogger Equipment mounted on a ground-based vehicle and used to deliver a thermal fog. COMMENT: The power source, a pulse-jet engine or four-stroke engine, is mounted on a ground vehicle. Delivery rates may reach 10 liters per minute with larger models. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Hand- or backpack-carried thermal fogger which operates with a two-stroke engine driving a friction plate inside the pesticide tank. leisen 2010-05-24T04:07:58Z VSMO:0001408 friction plate portable thermal fogger Hand- or backpack-carried thermal fogger which operates with a two-stroke engine driving a friction plate inside the pesticide tank. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Hand- or backpack-carried thermal fogger which operates with a pulse jet engine. leisen 2010-05-24T04:07:58Z VSMO:0001409 pulse jet portable thermal fogger Hand- or backpack-carried thermal fogger which operates with a pulse jet engine. ISBN:9241544031 URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf Equipment for management of vertebrate hosts that consists of a bait treated with a vaccine against a given pathogen and ingested by a vertebrate. leisen 2010-05-24T04:10:31Z VSMO:0001410 vaccine-treated oral bait Equipment for management of vertebrate hosts that consists of a bait treated with a vaccine against a given pathogen and ingested by a vertebrate. VSMO:Authors A non-powered, free-standing trap that attracts and kills host-seeking tsetse flies. COMMENT: The trap typically includes the color blue (which is attractive to tsetse flies) and is treated with insecticide to kill the flies as they contact the material. Chemical attractants also are used to increase the attractiveness of the trap. leisen 2010-05-24T04:13:41Z VSMO:0001412 lethal trap for host-seeking tsetse flies A non-powered, free-standing trap that attracts and kills host-seeking tsetse flies. COMMENT: The trap typically includes the color blue (which is attractive to tsetse flies) and is treated with insecticide to kill the flies as they contact the material. Chemical attractants also are used to increase the attractiveness of the trap. VSMO:Authors Insecticide-treated lethal oviposition trap with the characteristic of being biodegradable. COMMENT: The biodegradable nature of the trap prevents it from becoming a container habitat for immatures when the pesticide has been diluted or completely washed out by repeated rainfall. leisen 2010-05-24T04:14:39Z VSMO:0001413 biodegradable insecticide-treated lethal ovitrap Insecticide-treated lethal oviposition trap with the characteristic of being biodegradable. COMMENT: The biodegradable nature of the trap prevents it from becoming a container habitat for immatures when the pesticide has been diluted or completely washed out by repeated rainfall. VSMO:Authors Lethal insecticide-treated trap for tsetse flies with a characteristic biconical shape. COMMENT: Combines blue and black color. leisen 2010-05-24T04:15:31Z VSMO:0001414 biconical trap Lethal insecticide-treated trap for tsetse flies with a characteristic biconical shape. COMMENT: Combines blue and black color. ISBN:9241544031 Lethal insecticide-treated trap for tsetse flies with the characteristic shape of a single cone. COMMENT: Combines blue and black color. leisen 2010-05-24T04:15:31Z VSMO:0001415 monoconical trap Lethal insecticide-treated trap for tsetse flies with the characteristic shape of a single cone. COMMENT: Combines blue and black color. ISBN:9241544031 Lethal insecticide-treated trap for tsetse flies with the characteristic shape of a pyramid. COMMENT: Combines blue and black color. leisen 2010-05-24T04:15:31Z VSMO:0001416 monopyramidal trap Lethal insecticide-treated trap for tsetse flies with the characteristic shape of a pyramid. COMMENT: Combines blue and black color. ISBN:9241544031 Lethal insecticide-treated trap for tsetse flies consisting of a flat insecticide-treated screen mounted on a pivot. COMMENT: Includes attractive colors (such as blue) and be treated with chemical attractants. leisen 2010-05-24T04:15:31Z VSMO:0001417 screen trap Lethal insecticide-treated trap for tsetse flies consisting of a flat insecticide-treated screen mounted on a pivot. COMMENT: Includes attractive colors (such as blue) and be treated with chemical attractants. ISBN:9241544031 Equipment used to deliver solid materials in the form of a dust. leisen 2010-05-24T04:18:24Z VSMO:0001418 duster Equipment used to deliver solid materials in the form of a dust. ISBN:9241544031 Equipment used to deliver solid materials in the form of granules. leisen 2010-05-24T04:18:24Z VSMO:0001419 granule applicator Equipment used to deliver solid materials in the form of granules. ISBN:9241544031 A duster that is operated without a power source. leisen 2010-05-24T04:19:28Z VSMO:0001420 manually operated duster A duster that is operated without a power source. VSMO:Authors A duster operated with a power source. COMMENT: The power source can be an engine or battery. leisen 2010-05-24T04:19:28Z VSMO:0001421 powered duster A duster operated with a power source. COMMENT: The power source can be an engine or battery. VSMO:Authors Larger duster mounted as a backpack/knapsack with a manually operated simple, paddle-type fan to blow dust metered from the container holding the dust through a discharge tube. leisen 2010-05-24T04:20:29Z knapsack manual duster VSMO:0001422 backpack-carried manual duster Larger duster mounted as a backpack/knapsack with a manually operated simple, paddle-type fan to blow dust metered from the container holding the dust through a discharge tube. ISBN:9241544031 Equipment in which dust is put into a container which then is closed and air is pumped to produce pressure to force dust through a discharge duct. leisen 2010-05-24T04:20:29Z VSMO:0001423 compression duster Equipment in which dust is put into a container which then is closed and air is pumped to produce pressure to force dust through a discharge duct. ISBN:9241544031 Hand-carried equipment in which small bellows or piston pumps are used to inject a puff of air into the container holding the dust so that a small quantity of dust is expelled through an opening as a cloud of particles. leisen 2010-05-24T04:20:29Z VSMO:0001424 simple hand-carried duster Hand-carried equipment in which small bellows or piston pumps are used to inject a puff of air into the container holding the dust so that a small quantity of dust is expelled through an opening as a cloud of particles. ISBN:9241544031 A larger duster, mounted as a backpack/knapsack, with a power source to operate the fan. COMMENT: A powered mist-blower can be used for this purpose by replacing the narrow tubing for liquid spray with a wider delivery tube. leisen 2010-05-24T04:22:07Z knapsack powered duster VSMO:0001425 backpack-carried powered duster A larger duster, mounted as a backpack/knapsack, with a power source to operate the fan. COMMENT: A powered mist-blower can be used for this purpose by replacing the narrow tubing for liquid spray with a wider delivery tube. ISBN:9241544031 A granule applicator operated without a power source. leisen 2010-05-24T04:23:12Z VSMO:0001426 manually operated granule applicator A granule applicator operated without a power source. VSMO:Authors A granule applicator operated with a power source. COMMENT: The power source can be an engine or battery. leisen 2010-05-24T04:23:12Z VSMO:0001427 powered granule applicator A granule applicator operated with a power source. COMMENT: The power source can be an engine or battery. VSMO:Authors A shoulder-slung granule applicator. COMMENT: Adapted from simple seeding equipment (the horn seeder). Can be used to distribute granules up to 7 meters distant. leisen 2010-05-24T04:23:50Z VSMO:0001428 shoulder-sling granule applicator A shoulder-slung granule applicator. COMMENT: Adapted from simple seeding equipment (the horn seeder). Can be used to distribute granules up to 7 meters distant. ISBN:9241544031 A larger granule applicator, mounted as a backpack/knapsack, with a power source to operate the fan. COMMENT: A powered mist-blower can be used for this purpose by replacing the narrow tubing for liquid spray with a wider delivery tube. leisen 2010-05-24T04:24:16Z knapsack powered granule applicator VSMO:0001429 backpack-carried powered granule applicator A larger granule applicator, mounted as a backpack/knapsack, with a power source to operate the fan. COMMENT: A powered mist-blower can be used for this purpose by replacing the narrow tubing for liquid spray with a wider delivery tube. ISBN:9241544031 Physical irritant device that produces noise to repel vectors. leisen 2010-05-24T04:25:13Z VSMO:0001430 auditory irritant device Physical irritant device that produces noise to repel vectors. VSMO:Authors Physical irritant device that produces an electric charge to repel vectors. leisen 2010-05-24T04:25:13Z VSMO:0001431 electric charge irritant device Physical irritant device that produces an electric charge to repel vectors. VSMO:Authors Equipment used in the process of managing vertebrate species of which individual animals may serve as blood-feeding hosts or pathogen reservoir or amplification hosts. COMMENT: May include a material containing a pesticide that is applied topically to a vertebrate animal contacting the material or ingested by the animal, or a vaccine that is ingested by the animal. leisen 2010-05-24T04:31:22Z VSMO:0001432 equipment for management of vertebrate hosts Equipment used in the process of managing vertebrate species of which individual animals may serve as blood-feeding hosts or pathogen reservoir or amplification hosts. COMMENT: May include a material containing a pesticide that is applied topically to a vertebrate animal contacting the material or ingested by the animal, or a vaccine that is ingested by the animal. VSMO:Authors Quality of a vector management material in the form of a net. leisen 2010-05-24T04:52:30Z VSMO:0001433 quality of mosquito net Quality of a vector management material in the form of a net. VSMO:Authors Quality of a mosquito net which refers to the shape in which it is configured for deployment. leisen 2010-05-24T04:53:20Z VSMO:0001434 shape of mosquito net Quality of a mosquito net which refers to the shape in which it is configured for deployment. VSMO:Authors Chemical-free vector management equipment in the form of a material that can be used to deny vectors access to humans or domestic animals. COMMENT: Can include clothing, nets and screens acting as physical barriers to vector-human contact. leisen 2010-05-25T01:39:05Z VSMO:0001435 physical barrier Chemical-free vector management equipment in the form of a material that can be used to deny vectors access to humans or domestic animals. COMMENT: Can include clothing, nets and screens acting as physical barriers to vector-human contact. VSMO:Authors Mosquito net configured for deployment in a circular shape. COMMENT: Circular, or conical, nets are often preferred because they can be hung from a single support. The top is suspended by a loop attached to a sleeved hoop. leisen 2010-05-24T04:58:23Z VSMO:0001436 circular net Mosquito net configured for deployment in a circular shape. COMMENT: Circular, or conical, nets are often preferred because they can be hung from a single support. The top is suspended by a loop attached to a sleeved hoop. ISBN:9241544945 Mosquito net configured for deployment in the shape of a hammock. COMMENT: Special mosquito nets are available for hammocks; these are similar to rectangular nets but have sleeves for the hammock ropes at each end. To prevent mosquitos biting from below, the hammock is made of impenetrable material which also provides insulation from the cold. leisen 2010-05-24T04:58:23Z VSMO:0001437 hammock net Mosquito net configured for deployment in the shape of a hammock. COMMENT: Special mosquito nets are available for hammocks; these are similar to rectangular nets but have sleeves for the hammock ropes at each end. To prevent mosquitos biting from below, the hammock is made of impenetrable material which also provides insulation from the cold. ISBN:9241544945 Mosquito net configured for deployment in a rectangular shape. COMMENT: A rectangular net typically is used over a bed or sleeping mat. It is suspended from four or more loops along the upper edges, and can be provided with an overlapping entrance flap on one of the long sides to facilitate entering or leaving without pulling out the part of the net tucked in under the mattress. leisen 2010-05-24T04:58:23Z VSMO:0001438 rectangular net Mosquito net configured for deployment in a rectangular shape. COMMENT: A rectangular net typically is used over a bed or sleeping mat. It is suspended from four or more loops along the upper edges, and can be provided with an overlapping entrance flap on one of the long sides to facilitate entering or leaving without pulling out the part of the net tucked in under the mattress. ISBN:9241544945 Mosquito net configured for deployment in a wedge shape. COMMENT: The head end of a wedge-shaped net is suspended by a loop attached to a sleeved wooden bar. It can be hung from any suitable fixing point above the head of the bed or sleeping place. The foot end must be firmly tucked under the mattress or otherwise secured. leisen 2010-05-24T04:58:23Z VSMO:0001440 wedge shaped net Mosquito net configured for deployment in a wedge shape. COMMENT: The head end of a wedge-shaped net is suspended by a loop attached to a sleeved wooden bar. It can be hung from any suitable fixing point above the head of the bed or sleeping place. The foot end must be firmly tucked under the mattress or otherwise secured. ISBN:9241544945 Equipment that is free of chemicals and used in the process of managing vectors. leisen 2010-05-25T02:02:05Z VSMO:0001441 chemical-free vector management equipment Equipment that is free of chemicals and used in the process of managing vectors. VSMO:Authors Pesticide-treated equipment used in the process of managing vectors. leisen 2010-05-25T02:02:05Z VSMO:0001442 pesticide-treated vector management equipment Pesticide-treated equipment used in the process of managing vectors. VSMO:Authors Repellent-treated equipment used in the process of managing vectors. leisen 2010-05-25T02:02:05Z VSMO:0001443 repellent-treated vector management equipment Repellent-treated equipment used in the process of managing vectors. VSMO:Authors Chemical-free vector management equipment in the form of a lethal oviposition trap. COMMENT: This type of trap is useful for insect vectors that deposit their eggs in artificial containers, such as the mosquito Aedes aegypti. leisen 2010-05-25T02:09:43Z VSMO:0001444 chemical-free lethal oviposition trap Chemical-free vector management equipment in the form of a lethal oviposition trap. COMMENT: This type of trap is useful for insect vectors that deposit their eggs in artificial containers, such as the mosquito Aedes aegypti. VSMO:Authors The process of gathering arthropod specimens. leisen 2010-05-25T02:16:39Z VSMO:0001445 collection of arthropods The process of gathering arthropod specimens. VSMO:Authors The process of gathering insects in the adult life stage capable of flight. leisen 2010-05-25T02:19:31Z VSMO:0001446 collection of the adult flying stage of insects The process of gathering insects in the adult life stage capable of flight. VSMO:Authors The process of gathering arthropods not capable of flight from a terrestrial environment. leisen 2010-05-25T02:24:50Z VSMO:0001452 collection of ground-based arthropods The process of gathering arthropods not capable of flight from a terrestrial environment. VSMO:Authors The process of gathering arthropod eggs. leisen 2010-05-25T02:25:11Z VSMO:0001453 collection of arthropod eggs The process of gathering arthropod eggs. VSMO:Authors The process of collecting adult flying insects as they emerge from the immature phase to the adult phase. leisen 2010-05-25T02:30:49Z VSMO:0001454 collection of emerging flying insects The process of collecting adult flying insects as they emerge from the immature phase to the adult phase. VSMO:Authors The process of gathering gravid female flying insects while they are searching for oviposition sites to deposit their eggs. leisen 2010-05-25T02:30:49Z VSMO:0001455 collection of gravid female flying insects The process of gathering gravid female flying insects while they are searching for oviposition sites to deposit their eggs. VSMO:Authors The process of gathering flying insects while they are searching for a food source in the form of a blood meal host. leisen 2010-05-25T02:30:49Z VSMO:0001456 collection of host-seeking flying insects The process of gathering flying insects while they are searching for a food source in the form of a blood meal host. VSMO:Authors The process of gathering flying insects while they are landing on a physical surface. COMMENT: For example, while they are landing on a human bait. leisen 2010-05-25T02:30:49Z VSMO:0001457 collection of landing insects The process of gathering flying insects while they are landing on a physical surface. COMMENT: For example, while they are landing on a human bait. VSMO:Authors Abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host, which is based on removal of arthropods and subsequent re-examination to estimate ratio change. leisen 2010-05-25T03:15:36Z VSMO:0001460 abundance estimate for adult arthropods based on ratio change Abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host, which is based on removal of arthropods and subsequent re-examination to estimate ratio change. VSMO:Authors Trap for emerging adult arthropods, in the form of a trap that floats on an open water surface and captures adults that emerge from the water surface enclosed by the trap. 2010-05-26T12:51:42Z VSMO:0001463 floating emergence trap for an open water surface Trap for emerging adult arthropods, in the form of a trap that floats on an open water surface and captures adults that emerge from the water surface enclosed by the trap. VSMO:Authors Trap for emerging adult arthropods, in the form of a trap to enclose a defined opening to a water source and capture adults that emerge from the water surface. COMMENT: Used, for example, to capture adults emerging from crab holes, tree holes or septic tanks. 2010-05-26T12:51:42Z VSMO:0001464 emergence trap enclosing a defined opening to a water source Trap for emerging adult arthropods, in the form of a trap to enclose a defined opening to a water source and capture adults that emerge from the water surface. COMMENT: Used, for example, to capture adults emerging from crab holes, tree holes or septic tanks. VSMO:Authors Trap for emerging adult arthropods, in the form of a trap that is positioned above an open water surface and captures adults that emerge from the water surface. 2010-05-26T12:51:42Z VSMO:0001465 emergence trap suspended over an open water surface Trap for emerging adult arthropods, in the form of a trap that is positioned above an open water surface and captures adults that emerge from the water surface. VSMO:Authors Box-shaped floating emergence trap to collect emerging adult arthropods from an open water surface. COMMENT: Several different floating box traps have been developed. One example is given below: Morgan designed a floating box trap aiming to minimize shadows cast on the water and to reduce wave damage to the catch. The trap consists of a white painted narrow wooden framework supporting a plastic mesh collecting cage having a clear plexiglas roof. Plexiglas panels at the sides and a submerged apron of plexiglas reduce wave action; the apron also retains floating larval and pupal exuviae. Service later modified the trap by adding a cloth sleeve in the roof for the insertion of an aspirator. leisen 2010-05-26T12:53:24Z VSMO:0001466 floating box emergence trap Box-shaped floating emergence trap to collect emerging adult arthropods from an open water surface. COMMENT: Several different floating box traps have been developed. One example is given below: Morgan designed a floating box trap aiming to minimize shadows cast on the water and to reduce wave damage to the catch. The trap consists of a white painted narrow wooden framework supporting a plastic mesh collecting cage having a clear plexiglas roof. Plexiglas panels at the sides and a submerged apron of plexiglas reduce wave action; the apron also retains floating larval and pupal exuviae. Service later modified the trap by adding a cloth sleeve in the roof for the insertion of an aspirator. ISBN:9781402066658 Cone-shaped floating emergence trap to collect emerging adult arthropods from an open water surface. COMMENT: Several different floating conical traps have been developed. One example is given below: The modified version of Mundie's trap consists of a conical framework made of aluminum, or some other light alloy, having a 40 cm diameter base and is covered with white mosquito netting. The trap includes an inverted glass collecting jar with a small plastic funnel taped into its entrance and pushed into the trap's 8 cm diameter apical opening. The trap's three main struts extend horizontally and support two round floats. The trap is designed so that the base of the cone is just submerged. leisen 2010-05-26T12:53:24Z VSMO:0001467 floating conical emergence trap Cone-shaped floating emergence trap to collect emerging adult arthropods from an open water surface. COMMENT: Several different floating conical traps have been developed. One example is given below: The modified version of Mundie's trap consists of a conical framework made of aluminum, or some other light alloy, having a 40 cm diameter base and is covered with white mosquito netting. The trap includes an inverted glass collecting jar with a small plastic funnel taped into its entrance and pushed into the trap's 8 cm diameter apical opening. The trap's three main struts extend horizontally and support two round floats. The trap is designed so that the base of the cone is just submerged. ISBN:9781402066658 Pyramid-shaped floating emergence trap to collect emerging adult arthropods from an open water surface. COMMENT: Several different floating pyramidal traps have been developed. Two examples are given below: (1) Bradley examined the emergence of North American Anopheles by using a 3-foot square pyramidal floating trap that is anchored to overhanging vegetation; (2) Aubin later developed a pyramidal trap that consists of an 18-cm high, truncated pyramid of 3-mm plexiglas with a 25-cm square base supported on a styrofoam framework. An 8.5-cm square plexiglas plate with a large hole (5.8 cm) removed from its center is glued on top of the pyramid. The cap of a wide-mouth 8-oz glass jar with a 4-cm diameter hole removed from the center is fixed within the hole in the plexiglas plate. A plastic funnel is glued to the inside of this cap to both guide mosquitoes into the collecting jar and to retain the 25 ml of formalin that are poured around the edges of the cap. The collecting jar is then screwed into position. leisen 2010-05-26T12:53:24Z VSMO:0001468 floating pyramidal emergence trap Pyramid-shaped floating emergence trap to collect emerging adult arthropods from an open water surface. COMMENT: Several different floating pyramidal traps have been developed. Two examples are given below: (1) Bradley examined the emergence of North American Anopheles by using a 3-foot square pyramidal floating trap that is anchored to overhanging vegetation; (2) Aubin later developed a pyramidal trap that consists of an 18-cm high, truncated pyramid of 3-mm plexiglas with a 25-cm square base supported on a styrofoam framework. An 8.5-cm square plexiglas plate with a large hole (5.8 cm) removed from its center is glued on top of the pyramid. The cap of a wide-mouth 8-oz glass jar with a 4-cm diameter hole removed from the center is fixed within the hole in the plexiglas plate. A plastic funnel is glued to the inside of this cap to both guide mosquitoes into the collecting jar and to retain the 25 ml of formalin that are poured around the edges of the cap. The collecting jar is then screwed into position. ISBN:9781402066658 Emergence trap used to collect adult arthropods emerging from a crab hole. COMMENT: Evans designed a trap to specifically catch mosquitoes emerging from holes made by crabs or crawfish. The trap consists of a large Mason jar with an inverted waxed paper cone inserted into its mouth and fixed over an 8-inch copper mesh cylinder, which has the other end placed in the entrance of a crab or crawfish hole. The main purpose of the cylinder is to raise the collecting bottle from the ground to prevent submersion when the area is flooded. leisen 2010-05-26T12:57:30Z VSMO:0001469 emergence trap for crab hole Emergence trap used to collect adult arthropods emerging from a crab hole. COMMENT: Evans designed a trap to specifically catch mosquitoes emerging from holes made by crabs or crawfish. The trap consists of a large Mason jar with an inverted waxed paper cone inserted into its mouth and fixed over an 8-inch copper mesh cylinder, which has the other end placed in the entrance of a crab or crawfish hole. The main purpose of the cylinder is to raise the collecting bottle from the ground to prevent submersion when the area is flooded. ISBN:9781402066658 Emergence trap used to collect adult arthropods emerging from a sewage pit or tank. COMMENT: Traps have been designed specifically to catch mosquitoes emerging from cesspits, septic tanks or underground sewage systems. An example of a trap developed for cesspits is given below. The trap is a 45 cm galvanized framework cube covered with mosquito netting and provided with a cord handle. The base of the trap consists of a galvanized sheet extending 6 cm on two opposite sides. A 30 cm tall inverted mesh cone is placed over a 25 cm diameter hole cut from the floor of the trap. The apical opening of the cone is 2.5 cm in diameter. A sleeve in one side of the cage enables mosquitoes to be removed with an aspirator. leisen 2010-05-26T12:57:30Z VSMO:0001470 emergence trap for sewage pit or tank Emergence trap used to collect adult arthropods emerging from a sewage pit or tank. COMMENT: Traps have been designed specifically to catch mosquitoes emerging from cesspits, septic tanks or underground sewage systems. An example of a trap developed for cesspits is given below. The trap is a 45 cm galvanized framework cube covered with mosquito netting and provided with a cord handle. The base of the trap consists of a galvanized sheet extending 6 cm on two opposite sides. A 30 cm tall inverted mesh cone is placed over a 25 cm diameter hole cut from the floor of the trap. The apical opening of the cone is 2.5 cm in diameter. A sleeve in one side of the cage enables mosquitoes to be removed with an aspirator. ISBN:9781402066658 Emergence trap used to collect adult arthropods emerging from a tree hole. COMMENT: Emergence traps were developed by Yates to obtain regular samples of emerging mosquitoes breeding in tree-holes. One example of such a trap follows: a glass collecting bottle (9-cm high and 7-cm in diameter) with an inverted plastic cone taped into the mouth and slipped into a spring collar. The small end of a mesh conical sleeve is glued onto the inside of the collar while the other end is tacked round the tree-hole with either drawing pins or staples. leisen 2010-05-26T12:57:30Z VSMO:0001471 emergence trap for tree hole Emergence trap used to collect adult arthropods emerging from a tree hole. COMMENT: Emergence traps were developed by Yates to obtain regular samples of emerging mosquitoes breeding in tree-holes. One example of such a trap follows: a glass collecting bottle (9-cm high and 7-cm in diameter) with an inverted plastic cone taped into the mouth and slipped into a spring collar. The small end of a mesh conical sleeve is glued onto the inside of the collar while the other end is tacked round the tree-hole with either drawing pins or staples. ISBN:9781402066658 Emergence trap in the form of a hanging mosquito net suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods. COMMENT: Mosquito nets can be used to sample emerging adults. The nets can be suspended by string from tree branches or from vertical poles or a wooden frame in shallow water. leisen 2010-05-26T12:59:55Z VSMO:0001472 hanging mosquito net emergence trap Emergence trap in the form of a hanging mosquito net suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods. COMMENT: Mosquito nets can be used to sample emerging adults. The nets can be suspended by string from tree branches or from vertical poles or a wooden frame in shallow water. ISBN:9781402066658 Box-shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Several different non-floating box traps have been developed. Examples are given below: (1) Kimerle and Anderson developed a box-like trap with three sides and roof of clear plastic and the remaining side of 'Nitex' screening. The trap is staked with the bottom edge about 3 inches below the water surface. A strong plastic base plate is slotted into grooves near the bottom of the trap to enclose adults before it is removed from the water; (2) Bidlingmayer placed 4-foot square bottomless cages over vegetation so that the lower edges were submerged. Adult mosquitoes were removed through a small cloth screen; (3) Armstrong constructed a box emergence trap consisting of a four-sided wire mesh enclosure which is thrust into the water with about a foot or more of the cage projecting above the water. A horizontal cloth roof is placed on top of the cage. leisen 2010-05-26T12:59:55Z VSMO:0001473 suspended box emergence trap Box-shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Several different non-floating box traps have been developed. Examples are given below: (1) Kimerle and Anderson developed a box-like trap with three sides and roof of clear plastic and the remaining side of 'Nitex' screening. The trap is staked with the bottom edge about 3 inches below the water surface. A strong plastic base plate is slotted into grooves near the bottom of the trap to enclose adults before it is removed from the water; (2) Bidlingmayer placed 4-foot square bottomless cages over vegetation so that the lower edges were submerged. Adult mosquitoes were removed through a small cloth screen; (3) Armstrong constructed a box emergence trap consisting of a four-sided wire mesh enclosure which is thrust into the water with about a foot or more of the cage projecting above the water. A horizontal cloth roof is placed on top of the cage. ISBN:9781402066658 Cone-shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Several different non-floating conical emergence traps have been developed. Examples are given below: (1) Corbet designed a conical trap specifically for sampling mosquitoes emerging from shallow water. His trap consists of a 19 1/2 inch high aluminum cone, having a basal diameter of 14 inches and an apical 5 inch opening, covered with colored saran mesh supported on four 18 inch long struts. A petri dish is tightly secured by a sprung cord over the top opening of the trap, which is provided with a rubber or plastic foam collar to ensure a tight fit. Insects in the trap are viewed from above through the glass petri dish and are collected by inserting the long, curved, pliable copper collecting piece of a specifically designed aspirator through a slit in a double-rubber seal fixed into the netting of the trap. The trap is maintained with its bottom rim about 3 cm below the water surface by seating the trap on adjustable sliding brackets fixed to three rod-like legs. As the water level fluctuates trap height is adjusted, but when the water depth falls to about 5 cm the trap can be moved to a deeper part of the habitat; (2) Pritchard and Scholefield developed another cone trap in which the cone itself acts as the collecting vessel. A 1-m pointed metal stake is passed through the center of a 25 cm diameter aluminum alloy rim, the position of which on the stake can be adjusted by a clamp screw. leisen 2010-05-26T12:59:55Z VSMO:0001474 suspended conical emergence trap Cone-shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Several different non-floating conical emergence traps have been developed. Examples are given below: (1) Corbet designed a conical trap specifically for sampling mosquitoes emerging from shallow water. His trap consists of a 19 1/2 inch high aluminum cone, having a basal diameter of 14 inches and an apical 5 inch opening, covered with colored saran mesh supported on four 18 inch long struts. A petri dish is tightly secured by a sprung cord over the top opening of the trap, which is provided with a rubber or plastic foam collar to ensure a tight fit. Insects in the trap are viewed from above through the glass petri dish and are collected by inserting the long, curved, pliable copper collecting piece of a specifically designed aspirator through a slit in a double-rubber seal fixed into the netting of the trap. The trap is maintained with its bottom rim about 3 cm below the water surface by seating the trap on adjustable sliding brackets fixed to three rod-like legs. As the water level fluctuates trap height is adjusted, but when the water depth falls to about 5 cm the trap can be moved to a deeper part of the habitat; (2) Pritchard and Scholefield developed another cone trap in which the cone itself acts as the collecting vessel. A 1-m pointed metal stake is passed through the center of a 25 cm diameter aluminum alloy rim, the position of which on the stake can be adjusted by a clamp screw. ISBN:9781402066658 Cylinder-shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Non-floating cylindrical emergence traps for shallow water can be made of large copper mesh screen cylinders with open ends fastened to two stakes. Each cylinder is provided with a removable screen cover. Emerging mosquitoes are collected by carefully lifting a small section of the netting and aspirating out the mosquitoes. They also can be constructed using domestic 2-gallon capacity buckets, with a part of their sides removed and covered with plastic netting. The buckets are inverted over water and held in position by wire thrust into the bottom mud. leisen 2010-05-26T12:59:55Z VSMO:0001475 suspended cylindrical emergence trap Cylinder-shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Non-floating cylindrical emergence traps for shallow water can be made of large copper mesh screen cylinders with open ends fastened to two stakes. Each cylinder is provided with a removable screen cover. Emerging mosquitoes are collected by carefully lifting a small section of the netting and aspirating out the mosquitoes. They also can be constructed using domestic 2-gallon capacity buckets, with a part of their sides removed and covered with plastic netting. The buckets are inverted over water and held in position by wire thrust into the bottom mud. ISBN:9781402066658 Pyramid-shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Several different non-floating pyramidal traps have been developed. Examples are given below: (1) James and Smith developed a trap consisting of a 3-foot square wooden framework mounted on four pointed stakes driven into the mud to partially submerge the cage. The short upright sides of the cage are of mesh screening. Adults were collected in an inverted glass bottle placed over the apical opening; (2) other developed traps consist of wooden or aluminum pyramidal frames of different sizes covered with plastic netting or nylon screening; (3) one pyramidal trap for use in ditches was described that consist of natural colored plastic mesh screening glued onto a pyramidal frame made of light alloy, 5 feet high and having a 4-foot square base. This cage rests on the bottom of a ditch but is raised about 2-3 feet each morning by pulling on a nylon cord attached to its apex and passed over a horizontal cross-bar. The collector stoops down and enters the cage to collect the mosquitoes with an aspirator. leisen 2010-05-26T12:59:55Z VSMO:0001476 suspended pyramidal emergence trap Pyramid-shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Several different non-floating pyramidal traps have been developed. Examples are given below: (1) James and Smith developed a trap consisting of a 3-foot square wooden framework mounted on four pointed stakes driven into the mud to partially submerge the cage. The short upright sides of the cage are of mesh screening. Adults were collected in an inverted glass bottle placed over the apical opening; (2) other developed traps consist of wooden or aluminum pyramidal frames of different sizes covered with plastic netting or nylon screening; (3) one pyramidal trap for use in ditches was described that consist of natural colored plastic mesh screening glued onto a pyramidal frame made of light alloy, 5 feet high and having a 4-foot square base. This cage rests on the bottom of a ditch but is raised about 2-3 feet each morning by pulling on a nylon cord attached to its apex and passed over a horizontal cross-bar. The collector stoops down and enters the cage to collect the mosquitoes with an aspirator. ISBN:9781402066658 Triangular shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Ettinger described a collapsible triangular prism-shaped trap that rests on the bottom of shallow waters. The two rectangular sides (31.5 x 47.3 cm) are made of aluminum and flat aluminum strips are used to fix netting to cover these frames. The triangular sides (31.5 x 47.3 x 47.3 cm) are formed of netting reinforced along the bottom with a strip of rubber tape. The trap, which is held open by bolting two strips of aluminum to the frame, encloses 0.1 cubic m of water. leisen 2010-05-26T12:59:55Z VSMO:0001477 suspended triangular emergence trap Triangular shaped emergence trap suspended over an open water surface to collect emerging adult arthropods COMMENT: Ettinger described a collapsible triangular prism-shaped trap that rests on the bottom of shallow waters. The two rectangular sides (31.5 x 47.3 cm) are made of aluminum and flat aluminum strips are used to fix netting to cover these frames. The triangular sides (31.5 x 47.3 x 47.3 cm) are formed of netting reinforced along the bottom with a strip of rubber tape. The trap, which is held open by bolting two strips of aluminum to the frame, encloses 0.1 cubic m of water. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a container to collect a water sample that may contain immatures or a device to directly collect the immatures from the water. COMMENT: A dipper is a commonly used tool for collecting larvae and pupae from their aquatic development sites. Dippers vary in size, shape and the material they are constructed from. A variety of utensils have been used as dippers, e.g. soup ladles, rectangular enamel pie dishes, photographic trays, frying pans, plastic or enamel bowls, household metal strainers and spoons. Volumes of water collected by the dipper can vary from 100 ml to more than 1 liter depending on the specific dipper used. Dippers can be equipped with plastic or metal screen bottoms, or customized with long handles to increase their reach. leisen 2010-05-26T04:13:52Z VSMO:0001479 dipper for immatures Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a container to collect a water sample that may contain immatures or a device to directly collect the immatures from the water. COMMENT: A dipper is a commonly used tool for collecting larvae and pupae from their aquatic development sites. Dippers vary in size, shape and the material they are constructed from. A variety of utensils have been used as dippers, e.g. soup ladles, rectangular enamel pie dishes, photographic trays, frying pans, plastic or enamel bowls, household metal strainers and spoons. Volumes of water collected by the dipper can vary from 100 ml to more than 1 liter depending on the specific dipper used. Dippers can be equipped with plastic or metal screen bottoms, or customized with long handles to increase their reach. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a concentrator device to concentrate the catch from multiple water samples. COMMENT: Immatures collected from a number of dips are frequently pooled, and various simple devices have been designed to strain the larvae from the water of the samples to concentrate the catch. An obvious disadvantage of any method that combines catches from several samples is that the variances cannot be calculated. To overcome this and to reduce the time needed to remove the catch from dippers, Earle constructed an automatic device for collecting aquatic specimens, termed ADCAS. A 6 inch diameter metal funnel is soldered into the top of a 7 inch high metal cylinder. The 1 inch diameter opening at the opposite end of the funnel is soldered to a metal screw cap of a bottle of about 120 ml capacity. Two rectangular 1 x 2 1/4 in openings are cut from the sides of the funnel and covered with 96 mesh screen. A 7/16 in hole is drilled into the side of the funnel and a copper inverted U-tube acting as a siphon is inserted, with one end placed inside the collecting bottle. A removable cylinder of 96 mesh screen 9/16 inches diameter is soldered onto a bronze collar, which is screwed on to the threaded end of the copper siphon. Four bronze wire vertical guards are soldered around the outside of the cylinder to help protect it from damage. A removable 6 1/2 in diameter sieve made from about 8 mesh gauze is also constructed. Successive samples collected by a dipper are poured through the funnel and when the collecting bottle fills up the siphon automatically lowers the water in the bottle to the level of its intake. The coarse circular sieve can be placed over the top of the funnel to exclude stones and debris. Others have produced simpler concentrators, for example the concentrator of Warren and Eddleman which basically consists of a 1 gallon white plastic bottle with one end removed and replaced with a 1/8 mesh sieve. Another example is Hagstrum who used the very simple procedure of pouring the contents from 10 dips through a muslin cloth, which was then tied up and placed in 5% formaldehyde. leisen 2010-05-26T04:37:22Z VSMO:0001480 concentrator Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a concentrator device to concentrate the catch from multiple water samples. COMMENT: Immatures collected from a number of dips are frequently pooled, and various simple devices have been designed to strain the larvae from the water of the samples to concentrate the catch. An obvious disadvantage of any method that combines catches from several samples is that the variances cannot be calculated. To overcome this and to reduce the time needed to remove the catch from dippers, Earle constructed an automatic device for collecting aquatic specimens, termed ADCAS. A 6 inch diameter metal funnel is soldered into the top of a 7 inch high metal cylinder. The 1 inch diameter opening at the opposite end of the funnel is soldered to a metal screw cap of a bottle of about 120 ml capacity. Two rectangular 1 x 2 1/4 in openings are cut from the sides of the funnel and covered with 96 mesh screen. A 7/16 in hole is drilled into the side of the funnel and a copper inverted U-tube acting as a siphon is inserted, with one end placed inside the collecting bottle. A removable cylinder of 96 mesh screen 9/16 inches diameter is soldered onto a bronze collar, which is screwed on to the threaded end of the copper siphon. Four bronze wire vertical guards are soldered around the outside of the cylinder to help protect it from damage. A removable 6 1/2 in diameter sieve made from about 8 mesh gauze is also constructed. Successive samples collected by a dipper are poured through the funnel and when the collecting bottle fills up the siphon automatically lowers the water in the bottle to the level of its intake. The coarse circular sieve can be placed over the top of the funnel to exclude stones and debris. Others have produced simpler concentrators, for example the concentrator of Warren and Eddleman which basically consists of a 1 gallon white plastic bottle with one end removed and replaced with a 1/8 mesh sieve. Another example is Hagstrum who used the very simple procedure of pouring the contents from 10 dips through a muslin cloth, which was then tied up and placed in 5% formaldehyde. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a large or small collection net drawn through the water to sample aquatic immatures. COMMENT: The net typically is mounted on a frame and attached to a handle to increase the reach. Can be used to sample relatively large habitats, e.g. borrow pits, ponds and marshes. 2010-05-26T06:48:42Z VSMO:0001481 collection net for immatures Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a large or small collection net drawn through the water to sample aquatic immatures. COMMENT: The net typically is mounted on a frame and attached to a handle to increase the reach. Can be used to sample relatively large habitats, e.g. borrow pits, ponds and marshes. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a cylindrical, rectangular or square area sampler, the sides of which contain the immatures while they are being collected. COMMENT: Samplers covering a known area have been used to collect immatures in shallow water. leisen 2010-05-26T07:00:53Z VSMO:0001482 area sampler Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a cylindrical, rectangular or square area sampler, the sides of which contain the immatures while they are being collected. COMMENT: Samplers covering a known area have been used to collect immatures in shallow water. ISBN:9781402066658 The standard pint dipper for immatures has a water-holding capacity of 473 ml. COMMENT: The water-holding capacity may vary from 390 to 500 ml, although it usually is given as 473 ml. leisen 2010-05-26T04:18:09Z VSMO:0001483 standard pint dipper The standard pint dipper for immatures has a water-holding capacity of 473 ml. COMMENT: The water-holding capacity may vary from 390 to 500 ml, although it usually is given as 473 ml. ISBN:9781402066658 Dual cylinder area sampler with internal cones for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Roberts and Scanlon. COMMENT: This sampler consists of two plexiglas cylinders. The larger one is 5 inches in diameter and 11 13/16 inches tall, while the smaller is 4 7/16 inches in diameter, 12 inches tall and has an inverted plastic cone with a 67 degree slope inserted into the bottom end. A weighted rubber stopper is secured to a length of nylon string attached to a plastic rod, which is placed across the opening at the opposite end of the cylinder. In use, after the larger cylinder has been firmly thrust into the bottom of a pool, the smaller cylinder is inserted and carefully pushed down to the bottom. After a predetermined time to allow mosquito larvae enclosed by the cylinders to pass through the smaller opening of the cone, the stopper is pulled up to seal the inner cylinder. This is then withdrawn and trapped larvae emptied into a dish and sorted. leisen 2010-05-26T07:06:40Z VSMO:0001484 area sampler of Roberts and Scanlon Dual cylinder area sampler with internal cones for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Roberts and Scanlon. COMMENT: This sampler consists of two plexiglas cylinders. The larger one is 5 inches in diameter and 11 13/16 inches tall, while the smaller is 4 7/16 inches in diameter, 12 inches tall and has an inverted plastic cone with a 67 degree slope inserted into the bottom end. A weighted rubber stopper is secured to a length of nylon string attached to a plastic rod, which is placed across the opening at the opposite end of the cylinder. In use, after the larger cylinder has been firmly thrust into the bottom of a pool, the smaller cylinder is inserted and carefully pushed down to the bottom. After a predetermined time to allow mosquito larvae enclosed by the cylinders to pass through the smaller opening of the cone, the stopper is pulled up to seal the inner cylinder. This is then withdrawn and trapped larvae emptied into a dish and sorted. ISBN:9781402066658 Single cylinder area sampler with internal funnel for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Downing. COMMENT: This sampler consists of a plastic outer open-ended cylinder with height graduations in inches marked on the outside. A slightly smaller cylinder with an inverted funnel attached to the base is pushed down and into the outer cylinder. After an appropriate exposure period, a rubber bung is inserted into the funnel. The cylinder is then pulled out by a wooden dowel handle fixed across its top, and the contents tipped into a white tray for sorting. The water surface sampled is 18 square inches. leisen 2010-05-26T07:10:56Z VSMO:0001485 area sampler of Downing Single cylinder area sampler with internal funnel for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Downing. COMMENT: This sampler consists of a plastic outer open-ended cylinder with height graduations in inches marked on the outside. A slightly smaller cylinder with an inverted funnel attached to the base is pushed down and into the outer cylinder. After an appropriate exposure period, a rubber bung is inserted into the funnel. The cylinder is then pulled out by a wooden dowel handle fixed across its top, and the contents tipped into a white tray for sorting. The water surface sampled is 18 square inches. ISBN:9781402066658 Single cylinder area sampler with internal trapping-vessel for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Enfield and Pritchard. COMMENT: This sampler consists of a 10- or 20-cm diameter PVC cylinder and a galvanized so-called trapping-vessel fitting inside the cylinder. The trapping-vessel is lowered within the cylinder with a polythene funnel fitted at the bottom in the raised position. The water level should be just above the inner funnel. Larvae swim through the gap between the inner funnel and an outer funnel to the water surface, but do not swim back again. After 20 to 60 min the inner polythene funnel is lowered to close the gap between it and the outer funnel, and then the trapping vessel is withdrawn from the PVC cylinder. Larvae can be filtered off and counted, or preserved. leisen 2010-05-26T07:13:02Z VSMO:0001486 Enfield and Pritchard sampler Single cylinder area sampler with internal trapping-vessel for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Enfield and Pritchard. COMMENT: This sampler consists of a 10- or 20-cm diameter PVC cylinder and a galvanized so-called trapping-vessel fitting inside the cylinder. The trapping-vessel is lowered within the cylinder with a polythene funnel fitted at the bottom in the raised position. The water level should be just above the inner funnel. Larvae swim through the gap between the inner funnel and an outer funnel to the water surface, but do not swim back again. After 20 to 60 min the inner polythene funnel is lowered to close the gap between it and the outer funnel, and then the trapping vessel is withdrawn from the PVC cylinder. Larvae can be filtered off and counted, or preserved. ISBN:9781402066658 Single cylinder area sampler for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Taylor. COMMENT: Taylor constructed a sampler comprising of a 33 cm long, 12.0 cm internal diameter plexiglas cylinder with a serrated steel band extending 3 cm on the lower end. There is a similar length of plexiglas 10.5 cm in diameter with the bottom closed with two discs of plexiglas in between which is sandwiched a rubber ring that forms a seal with the outer cylinder. A 3.6 cm diameter hole is made in this "rubber sandwich" which is bevelled on the lower side to facilitate water flowing into the cylinder, and bevelled into the middle on the interior rim to facilitate seating of a rubber stopper mounted at the end of a steel rod. To operate, the outer cylinder is thrust into the bottom substrate and then the inner cylinder is pushed down so that the water enters through the bottom hole. The rubber stopper is then pushed into the hole and the sample poured through a 10 cm funnel mounted over a screen cylinder (6 cm x 2.5 cm). leisen 2010-05-26T07:16:13Z VSMO:0001487 area sampler of Taylor Single cylinder area sampler for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Taylor. COMMENT: Taylor constructed a sampler comprising of a 33 cm long, 12.0 cm internal diameter plexiglas cylinder with a serrated steel band extending 3 cm on the lower end. There is a similar length of plexiglas 10.5 cm in diameter with the bottom closed with two discs of plexiglas in between which is sandwiched a rubber ring that forms a seal with the outer cylinder. A 3.6 cm diameter hole is made in this "rubber sandwich" which is bevelled on the lower side to facilitate water flowing into the cylinder, and bevelled into the middle on the interior rim to facilitate seating of a rubber stopper mounted at the end of a steel rod. To operate, the outer cylinder is thrust into the bottom substrate and then the inner cylinder is pushed down so that the water enters through the bottom hole. The rubber stopper is then pushed into the hole and the sample poured through a 10 cm funnel mounted over a screen cylinder (6 cm x 2.5 cm). ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a floating trap consisting of a floating frame of a given size within which immatures can be collected. leisen 2010-05-26T07:23:23Z VSMO:0001488 floating trap Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a floating trap consisting of a floating frame of a given size within which immatures can be collected. ISBN:9781402066658 Floating trap equipped with an inverted funnel that guides the immatures up into a trapping chamber where they are contained until the trap is checked. leisen 2010-05-26T07:27:25Z VSMO:0001489 floating funnel trap Floating trap equipped with an inverted funnel that guides the immatures up into a trapping chamber where they are contained until the trap is checked. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a submerged light-trap. COMMENT: Have been used in limited trials to collect immatures. A very simple aquatic light-trap designed by Husbands consists of a wide mouthed screw-cap glass jar having a translucent plastic funnel retained in its mouth by a screw-on metal ring of the cap. Illumination is by a 6 V torch bulb suspended inside a test tube inserted through a 15 mm diameter hole drilled in the bottom of the jar. The trap can be operated from a dry cell battery. The trap is two-thirds filled with water and either suspended in the water by a rope or supported by floats; a cork soaked in chloroform is placed in the bottle to kill the catch. Later modifications to aquatic light traps include use of betalights or chemical light sticks. leisen 2010-05-26T07:35:27Z VSMO:0001491 powered aquatic light trap Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a submerged light-trap. COMMENT: Have been used in limited trials to collect immatures. A very simple aquatic light-trap designed by Husbands consists of a wide mouthed screw-cap glass jar having a translucent plastic funnel retained in its mouth by a screw-on metal ring of the cap. Illumination is by a 6 V torch bulb suspended inside a test tube inserted through a 15 mm diameter hole drilled in the bottom of the jar. The trap can be operated from a dry cell battery. The trap is two-thirds filled with water and either suspended in the water by a rope or supported by floats; a cork soaked in chloroform is placed in the bottle to kill the catch. Later modifications to aquatic light traps include use of betalights or chemical light sticks. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered aquatic light trap combined with an adhesive to collect immatures through sticky action. leisen 2010-05-26T07:42:23Z VSMO:0001492 sticky powered aquatic light trap Powered aquatic light trap combined with an adhesive to collect immatures through sticky action. VSMO:Authors Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a hand-held plastic pipette. COMMENT: Used to collect immatures from different types of small water sources such as tree holes, leaf axils etc. leisen 2010-05-26T07:46:46Z VSMO:0001493 pipette Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a hand-held plastic pipette. COMMENT: Used to collect immatures from different types of small water sources such as tree holes, leaf axils etc. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a powered pump. COMMENT: Pumping action can be used to collect water potentially containing immatures from various water sources. For example, Morris devised an apparatus comprising of a probe, a pump, a sieve and a connecting hose. The probe is a 30 inch length of 0.5 inch diameter electrical conduit with four 3/4 inch holes drilled perpendicular to each other near the end. This end section of the conduit is enclosed in a 2 inch diameter 10 inch long sleeve of 18 gauge stainless steel perforated with numerous 5/16 inch holes acting as a coarse filter. The end of the conduit is closed with a bolt-on conical cap. A length of garden hose connects the upper part of the conduit to a 12-V self-priming pump operated from a 12-V car battery. About 4.24 gallons of water are sucked up per minute. Water is pumped up into an inverted 8 inch diameter metal funnel having a 350 mesh nylon sieve attached to the bottom. The narrow end of the funnel is placed in a 1-quart jar, and material deposited on the sieve flushed through the jar. leisen 2010-05-26T07:51:22Z VSMO:0001494 powered collection pump Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a powered pump. COMMENT: Pumping action can be used to collect water potentially containing immatures from various water sources. For example, Morris devised an apparatus comprising of a probe, a pump, a sieve and a connecting hose. The probe is a 30 inch length of 0.5 inch diameter electrical conduit with four 3/4 inch holes drilled perpendicular to each other near the end. This end section of the conduit is enclosed in a 2 inch diameter 10 inch long sleeve of 18 gauge stainless steel perforated with numerous 5/16 inch holes acting as a coarse filter. The end of the conduit is closed with a bolt-on conical cap. A length of garden hose connects the upper part of the conduit to a 12-V self-priming pump operated from a 12-V car battery. About 4.24 gallons of water are sucked up per minute. Water is pumped up into an inverted 8 inch diameter metal funnel having a 350 mesh nylon sieve attached to the bottom. The narrow end of the funnel is placed in a 1-quart jar, and material deposited on the sieve flushed through the jar. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a hand-operated pump used to collect water potentially containing immatures. COMMENT: Used, for example, to collect immatures from tires or from underground natural water sources or storm drains. Water is sucked up through the shaft by pulling up the handle, after which the pump must be withdrawn quickly from the habitat and the collected column of water allowed to drain into a bowl or through a fine sieve. The water will drain out of the pump by gravity. leisen 2010-05-26T08:00:31Z VSMO:0001495 hand-operated collection pump Equipment for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures, in the form of a hand-operated pump used to collect water potentially containing immatures. COMMENT: Used, for example, to collect immatures from tires or from underground natural water sources or storm drains. Water is sucked up through the shaft by pulling up the handle, after which the pump must be withdrawn quickly from the habitat and the collected column of water allowed to drain into a bowl or through a fine sieve. The water will drain out of the pump by gravity. ISBN:9781402066658 Single cylinder area sampler with internal cone for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Bidlingmayer. COMMENT: Bidlingmayer's larval trap consists of two parts. One part is a galvanized cylinder fitted with pair of handles. The other part is inserted in the cylinder. The simplest is a metal cone with a apical opening and a basal so that it is a sliding fit within the cylinder. A metal cylinder is placed over the cone and riveted in position. The alternative insert for the trap consists of a cylinder with floor about 4 inches from the base and composes of a series of small pyramids (14 complete' partially complete pyramids) with a base of 3.5 inch square. Each small pyramid has an apical opening. The outer cylinder is thrust into the mud and enclosed plants pulled up and vigorously shaken in the water within the cylinder. All pieces of plant, either rooted or free floating, are removed. After 5-10 min, either type of insert is pushed down into the cylinder until its opening is about 1-2 inches below the water surface. Larvae surface and pass through the single cone, or pyramids, and are trapped in the space above the opening surrounding the insert. The trap can be left in position for 24 h, or removed sooner so long as sufficient time has been allowed for the larvae to surface. Larvae are recovered from the trap by baling or siphoning out the water surrounding the cone, or pyramids. The water can be emptied into a white dish and the larvae collected. A more rapid larval recovery might be obtained if the contents were sieved and floated in saturated magnesium sulphate. leisen 2010-05-26T08:13:50Z VSMO:0001496 Bidlingmayer's larval trap Single cylinder area sampler with internal cone for collection of aquatic arthropod immatures designed by Bidlingmayer. COMMENT: Bidlingmayer's larval trap consists of two parts. One part is a galvanized cylinder fitted with pair of handles. The other part is inserted in the cylinder. The simplest is a metal cone with a apical opening and a basal so that it is a sliding fit within the cylinder. A metal cylinder is placed over the cone and riveted in position. The alternative insert for the trap consists of a cylinder with floor about 4 inches from the base and composes of a series of small pyramids (14 complete' partially complete pyramids) with a base of 3.5 inch square. Each small pyramid has an apical opening. The outer cylinder is thrust into the mud and enclosed plants pulled up and vigorously shaken in the water within the cylinder. All pieces of plant, either rooted or free floating, are removed. After 5-10 min, either type of insert is pushed down into the cylinder until its opening is about 1-2 inches below the water surface. Larvae surface and pass through the single cone, or pyramids, and are trapped in the space above the opening surrounding the insert. The trap can be left in position for 24 h, or removed sooner so long as sufficient time has been allowed for the larvae to surface. Larvae are recovered from the trap by baling or siphoning out the water surrounding the cone, or pyramids. The water can be emptied into a white dish and the larvae collected. A more rapid larval recovery might be obtained if the contents were sieved and floated in saturated magnesium sulphate. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment used to collect immatures or adults of a ground-based arthropod. leisen 2010-05-26T08:48:01Z VSMO:0001498 equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods Equipment used to collect immatures or adults of a ground-based arthropod. VSMO:Authors Equipment used to collect the adult flying stage of an arthropod. leisen 2010-05-26T08:54:43Z VSMO:0001500 equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods Equipment used to collect the adult flying stage of an arthropod. VSMO:Authors Equipment for collection of arthropod eggs, in the form of a trap to collect eggs deposited by gravid females. COMMENT: A variety of different oviposition traps (ovitraps) to collect eggs from arthropods that lay their eggs in containers have been developed. This includes lethal ovitraps that incorporate a sticky substance to capture and kill the female and/or an insecticide to kill the female or the developing larvae. A basic ovitrap consists of a simple container (for example a glass jar, plastic container, or a cut up part of a tire) holding water (sometimes enhanced with a hay infusion to increase its attractiveness to the female) and a substrate for the female to deposit the eggs on (for example a "paddle" made of hardboard or balsa or a wooden tongue depressor). 2010-05-27T09:19:29Z ovitrap VSMO:0001501 oviposition trap Equipment for collection of arthropod eggs, in the form of a trap to collect eggs deposited by gravid females. COMMENT: A variety of different oviposition traps (ovitraps) to collect eggs from arthropods that lay their eggs in containers have been developed. This includes lethal ovitraps that incorporate a sticky substance to capture and kill the female and/or an insecticide to kill the female or the developing larvae. A basic ovitrap consists of a simple container (for example a glass jar, plastic container, or a cut up part of a tire) holding water (sometimes enhanced with a hay infusion to increase its attractiveness to the female) and a substrate for the female to deposit the eggs on (for example a "paddle" made of hardboard or balsa or a wooden tongue depressor). VSMO:Authors Oviposition trap which incorporates an action to kill egg-laying females or developing immatures, or to prevent emerging adults from escaping the ovitrap. leisen 2010-05-27T09:32:34Z VSMO:0001502 oviposition trap with killing action Oviposition trap which incorporates an action to kill egg-laying females or developing immatures, or to prevent emerging adults from escaping the ovitrap. VSMO:Authors Oviposition trap which does not include a specific killing action. COMMENT: This type of oviposition trap can become a larval development habitat if not attended to. leisen 2010-05-27T09:40:08Z VSMO:0001503 oviposition trap without killing action Oviposition trap which does not include a specific killing action. COMMENT: This type of oviposition trap can become a larval development habitat if not attended to. VSMO:Authors Chemical-free lethal oviposition trap with killing action through a sticky substance to "trap" and kill ovipositing females. leisen 2010-05-27T09:43:13Z VSMO:0001504 sticky lethal oviposition trap Chemical-free lethal oviposition trap with killing action through a sticky substance to "trap" and kill ovipositing females. VSMO:Authors Chemical-free lethal oviposition trap with killing action through netting to prevent emerging adults from escaping the trap. leisen 2010-05-27T09:54:09Z VSMO:0001505 autocidal oviposition trap Chemical-free lethal oviposition trap with killing action through netting to prevent emerging adults from escaping the trap. VSMO:Authors Oviposition trap with killing action containing one or several insecticides to kill ovipositing females and developing immatures leisen 2010-05-27T09:54:56Z VSMO:0001506 insecticide-treated lethal oviposition trap Oviposition trap with killing action containing one or several insecticides to kill ovipositing females and developing immatures VSMO:Authors Oviposition trap with killing action containing one or several insecticides, and a sticky substance, to kill ovipositing females and developing immatures. leisen 2010-05-27T09:55:42Z VSMO:0001507 insecticide-treated and sticky lethal oviposition trap Oviposition trap with killing action containing one or several insecticides, and a sticky substance, to kill ovipositing females and developing immatures. VSMO:Authors Equipment in the form of a trap for collection of gravid females and the eggs they deposit. COMMENT: The primary purpose of a gravid trap is to collect gravid females but it also can be used to collect deposited eggs. leisen 2010-05-27T07:51:02Z VSMO:0001508 gravid trap Equipment in the form of a trap for collection of gravid females and the eggs they deposit. COMMENT: The primary purpose of a gravid trap is to collect gravid females but it also can be used to collect deposited eggs. VSMO:Authors A powered gravid trap with water and sods of earth as the attractant to capture gravid females through the use of a CDC light-trap. COMMENT: Surgeoner and Helson built a trap consisting of an 84-cm diameter plastic inflatable paddling pool, the middle of which was placed in a hole so that when filled with water the depth at the centre was about 23 cm. The pool was lined with sods of earth, and 40 ml n-capric (decanoic) acid diluted in 15 ml of ethanol was added to improve the attractiveness of the water as a Culex oviposition site. A 30-cm metal container, 26 cm high and weighted with stones was placed in the centre of the pool, having the rim of the container about 3 cm above the water. A CDC light-trap with the collecting bag replaced by a pint-sized plastic container with two 3 x 2 cm windows and bottom covered with netting was placed on the stones. The lid of the CDC trap was about 6 cm above the water. leisen 2010-05-27T07:55:45Z VSMO:0001509 gravid trap of Surgeoner and Helson A powered gravid trap with water and sods of earth as the attractant to capture gravid females through the use of a CDC light-trap. COMMENT: Surgeoner and Helson built a trap consisting of an 84-cm diameter plastic inflatable paddling pool, the middle of which was placed in a hole so that when filled with water the depth at the centre was about 23 cm. The pool was lined with sods of earth, and 40 ml n-capric (decanoic) acid diluted in 15 ml of ethanol was added to improve the attractiveness of the water as a Culex oviposition site. A 30-cm metal container, 26 cm high and weighted with stones was placed in the centre of the pool, having the rim of the container about 3 cm above the water. A CDC light-trap with the collecting bag replaced by a pint-sized plastic container with two 3 x 2 cm windows and bottom covered with netting was placed on the stones. The lid of the CDC trap was about 6 cm above the water. ISBN:9781402066658 An open powered gravid trap which uses suction combined with a hay infusion attractant to capture gravid females. COMMENT: The original trap CDC gravid trap (or gravid trap of Reiter) consists of a 3 inch diameter PVC inlet tube housing a 6 V motor, as used in CDC traps, on which is mounted a four-bladed 3 inch counter-clockwise fan. The inlet tube is clamped between two vertical wooden boards that fit over a black plastic box (18.5 x 14.0 x 6.5 inches). A plastic 12 inch long PVC chimney slots into the upper end of the inlet tube. The top half consists of three struts that fit into and support a netting collecting bag. For this the middle of the collecting bag is reinforced with a circular patch of denim cloth. The oviposition attractant is made by adding 1 lb of hay and 1 oz each of dried brewer's yeast and lactalbumen powder to 30 gallons of tap water. This infusion is allowed to mature for 5 days. This original gravid mosquito trap of Reiter suffers from certain limitations, namely up to 10% of the catch of adults is damaged by passing through the fan blades, and adults tend to die of desiccation. leisen 2010-05-27T07:59:41Z gravid trap of Reiter VSMO:0001510 CDC gravid trap An open powered gravid trap which uses suction combined with a hay infusion attractant to capture gravid females. COMMENT: The original trap CDC gravid trap (or gravid trap of Reiter) consists of a 3 inch diameter PVC inlet tube housing a 6 V motor, as used in CDC traps, on which is mounted a four-bladed 3 inch counter-clockwise fan. The inlet tube is clamped between two vertical wooden boards that fit over a black plastic box (18.5 x 14.0 x 6.5 inches). A plastic 12 inch long PVC chimney slots into the upper end of the inlet tube. The top half consists of three struts that fit into and support a netting collecting bag. For this the middle of the collecting bag is reinforced with a circular patch of denim cloth. The oviposition attractant is made by adding 1 lb of hay and 1 oz each of dried brewer's yeast and lactalbumen powder to 30 gallons of tap water. This infusion is allowed to mature for 5 days. This original gravid mosquito trap of Reiter suffers from certain limitations, namely up to 10% of the catch of adults is damaged by passing through the fan blades, and adults tend to die of desiccation. ISBN:9781402066658 An enclosed powered gravid trap which uses suction combined with a hay infusion attractant to capture gravid females. COMMENT: Reiter redesigned his original gravid trap to consist of a rectangular box 41 cm long, 27 cm high and 13 cm wide made of 1.1 cm plywood. The trap is composed of an upper, middle and lower compartment held together with suitcase latches. The upper part is 11 cm high and has a carrying handle screwed on the top, and a small shelf inside on which batteries are placed. The 4 cm high middle compartment has an 8 mesh per cm screen fastened across the entire top. The lower compartment, 12 cm high, has solid ends that extend down 13 cm and support the trap when it is not resting on the oviposition pan. A 6 V CDC-type motor and a 4 bladed 7.6 cm diameter fan is mounted in a bracket that fits into a 9 cm slot cut in an 18 cm length of 7.6 cm diameter PVC tubing. Dry ice or an anaesthetic is placed on the screen top of the middle compartment to anaesthetize or kill the catch. The two compartments are then tipped upside down and mosquitoes that have fallen onto the screen are removed. leisen 2010-05-27T08:06:15Z VSMO:0001511 modified gravid trap of Reiter An enclosed powered gravid trap which uses suction combined with a hay infusion attractant to capture gravid females. COMMENT: Reiter redesigned his original gravid trap to consist of a rectangular box 41 cm long, 27 cm high and 13 cm wide made of 1.1 cm plywood. The trap is composed of an upper, middle and lower compartment held together with suitcase latches. The upper part is 11 cm high and has a carrying handle screwed on the top, and a small shelf inside on which batteries are placed. The 4 cm high middle compartment has an 8 mesh per cm screen fastened across the entire top. The lower compartment, 12 cm high, has solid ends that extend down 13 cm and support the trap when it is not resting on the oviposition pan. A 6 V CDC-type motor and a 4 bladed 7.6 cm diameter fan is mounted in a bracket that fits into a 9 cm slot cut in an 18 cm length of 7.6 cm diameter PVC tubing. Dry ice or an anaesthetic is placed on the screen top of the middle compartment to anaesthetize or kill the catch. The two compartments are then tipped upside down and mosquitoes that have fallen onto the screen are removed. ISBN:9781402066658 A non-powered gravid trap equipped with water and a synthetic attractant to capture gravid females on an adhesive card. COMMENT: MosquiTRAP consists of a 1 liter black plastic cylinder filled with water, oviposition attractant and an adhesive card to capture the gravid female. leisen 2010-05-27T08:17:44Z VSMO:0001512 mosquiTRAP gravid trap A non-powered gravid trap equipped with water and a synthetic attractant to capture gravid females on an adhesive card. COMMENT: MosquiTRAP consists of a 1 liter black plastic cylinder filled with water, oviposition attractant and an adhesive card to capture the gravid female. VSMO:Authors A non-powered gravid trap with water as the sole attractant to capture gravid females inside the trap. COMMENT: Adultrap was designed to capture gravid Aedes aegypti females during oviposition, using water as its principal attractant. Water remains confined in a compartment at the bottom of the trap that cannot be reached by trapped mosquitoes, avoiding egg laying. A large hole on the top is the principal entrance of attracted females, which become trapped in an interior chamber. leisen 2010-05-27T08:46:10Z VSMO:0001513 adultrap gravid trap A non-powered gravid trap with water as the sole attractant to capture gravid females inside the trap. COMMENT: Adultrap was designed to capture gravid Aedes aegypti females during oviposition, using water as its principal attractant. Water remains confined in a compartment at the bottom of the trap that cannot be reached by trapped mosquitoes, avoiding egg laying. A large hole on the top is the principal entrance of attracted females, which become trapped in an interior chamber. VSMO:Authors Equipment for collection of arthropod eggs, in the form of a large or small net drawn through the water to collects aquatic eggs or egg rafts. COMMENT: The fine mesh collection net typically is mounted on a frame that is attached to a handle to increase the reach. leisen 2010-05-27T08:55:35Z VSMO:0001514 collection net for eggs Equipment for collection of arthropod eggs, in the form of a large or small net drawn through the water to collects aquatic eggs or egg rafts. COMMENT: The fine mesh collection net typically is mounted on a frame that is attached to a handle to increase the reach. VSMO:Authors Equipment for collection of arthropod eggs, in the form of a device to take a water sample that potentially contains aquatic eggs or egg rafts, or to directly collect egg rafts. COMMENT: Dippers are made from various utensils (for example a plastic container, soup ladle, or sieve) and can be attached to a handle to increase the reach. leisen 2010-05-27T08:56:41Z VSMO:0001515 dipper for eggs Equipment for collection of arthropod eggs, in the form of a device to take a water sample that potentially contains aquatic eggs or egg rafts, or to directly collect egg rafts. COMMENT: Dippers are made from various utensils (for example a plastic container, soup ladle, or sieve) and can be attached to a handle to increase the reach. VSMO:Authors Equipment for collection of arthropod eggs, in the form of a contraption used to collect eggs from a soil sample. leisen 2010-05-27T08:59:56Z VSMO:0001516 soil sample egg extractor Equipment for collection of arthropod eggs, in the form of a contraption used to collect eggs from a soil sample. VSMO:Authors A soil sample egg extractor in the form of a soil washing machine designed by Horsfall. COMMENT: Horsfall described a method of wet sieving to remove eggs of floodwater mosquitoes from soil samples. Samples are removed from oviposition sites by a cutting square. This consists of a sharpened metal band bent into a 6 inch square fixed to a wooden square with a handle on top. It is pushed into the ground to a depth of about 1 inch and the sample cut from the soil below with a spade after which it is placed in a bag and taken to the laboratory. The sod of soil is then placed in the inner of three concentric cylindrical metal screens, having 4, 8 and 18 meshes per inch respectively. The lower halves of these cylinders are immersed in a water bath. A central shaft runs through the middle of the inner cylinder and when its handle is turned the three cylindrical sieves rotate and pass through the water bath. This treatment breaks up the soil sample in the sieves and flushes the eggs, and other comparatively small particles, through into the water bath. A bottom tap on the water bath is then opened and the contents empty into the first of three metal sieves (40, 60 and 100 mesh/inch) placed one above the other. A strong jet of water washes the eggs through the top two sieves onto the screen of the bottom sieve, from which they are washed on to a small cylindrical fine mesh transfer screen. Further separation from soil particles is achieved by flotation. leisen 2010-05-27T09:05:11Z VSMO:0001517 soil washing machine of Horsfall A soil sample egg extractor in the form of a soil washing machine designed by Horsfall. COMMENT: Horsfall described a method of wet sieving to remove eggs of floodwater mosquitoes from soil samples. Samples are removed from oviposition sites by a cutting square. This consists of a sharpened metal band bent into a 6 inch square fixed to a wooden square with a handle on top. It is pushed into the ground to a depth of about 1 inch and the sample cut from the soil below with a spade after which it is placed in a bag and taken to the laboratory. The sod of soil is then placed in the inner of three concentric cylindrical metal screens, having 4, 8 and 18 meshes per inch respectively. The lower halves of these cylinders are immersed in a water bath. A central shaft runs through the middle of the inner cylinder and when its handle is turned the three cylindrical sieves rotate and pass through the water bath. This treatment breaks up the soil sample in the sieves and flushes the eggs, and other comparatively small particles, through into the water bath. A bottom tap on the water bath is then opened and the contents empty into the first of three metal sieves (40, 60 and 100 mesh/inch) placed one above the other. A strong jet of water washes the eggs through the top two sieves onto the screen of the bottom sieve, from which they are washed on to a small cylindrical fine mesh transfer screen. Further separation from soil particles is achieved by flotation. ISBN:9781402066658 A soil sample egg extractor in the form of a soil washing machine designed by Salt-Hollick. COMMENT: The Salt-Hollick machine is available commercially as a standard piece of equipment used by soil zoologists to extract nematodes from soil samples. The machine includes 7 and 2.5 mm sieves mounted above each other, in which the sample is washed, and a settling can under the sieves to collect particles washed through the finer sieve. The sample is then tipped into a Ladell can which has a 0.2 mm phosphor bronze mesh screen at the bottom. After the water has drained through the Ladell can, it is closed up and the contents are re-suspended in a suitable solution to retrieve the desired samples (such as eggs). leisen 2010-05-27T09:08:11Z VSMO:0001518 soil washing machine of Salt-Hollick A soil sample egg extractor in the form of a soil washing machine designed by Salt-Hollick. COMMENT: The Salt-Hollick machine is available commercially as a standard piece of equipment used by soil zoologists to extract nematodes from soil samples. The machine includes 7 and 2.5 mm sieves mounted above each other, in which the sample is washed, and a settling can under the sieves to collect particles washed through the finer sieve. The sample is then tipped into a Ladell can which has a 0.2 mm phosphor bronze mesh screen at the bottom. After the water has drained through the Ladell can, it is closed up and the contents are re-suspended in a suitable solution to retrieve the desired samples (such as eggs). ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods, in the form of a device that captures arthropods in a chamber through suction action. COMMENT: For active arthropod collection only (does not work in the absence of a human collector). A variety of manually operated and powered aspirators have been developed to collect the adult stage of a flying vector as it is resting on a surface or moving around. These aspirators range from simple oral aspirators to large powered aspirators for outdoor use (sometimes referred to as suction sweepers). leisen 2010-05-28T08:13:39Z VSMO:0001519 aspirator Equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods, in the form of a device that captures arthropods in a chamber through suction action. COMMENT: For active arthropod collection only (does not work in the absence of a human collector). A variety of manually operated and powered aspirators have been developed to collect the adult stage of a flying vector as it is resting on a surface or moving around. These aspirators range from simple oral aspirators to large powered aspirators for outdoor use (sometimes referred to as suction sweepers). VSMO:Authors Aspirator that does not require a power source to be operated. COMMENT: A variety of non-powered aspirators have been developed to collect the adult stage of an air-borne vector as it is resting on a surface or moving around. leisen 2010-05-28T08:15:36Z VSMO:0001520 manually operated aspirator Aspirator that does not require a power source to be operated. COMMENT: A variety of non-powered aspirators have been developed to collect the adult stage of an air-borne vector as it is resting on a surface or moving around. VSMO:Authors A manually operated aspirator where the suction needed to move the arthropod into the capture chamber is generated through pressing a bulb and then releasing it. COMMENT: This overcomes the potential problem with inhaling dust and dirt when using an oral aspirator. leisen 2010-05-28T09:11:28Z VSMO:0001521 bulb aspirator A manually operated aspirator where the suction needed to move the arthropod into the capture chamber is generated through pressing a bulb and then releasing it. COMMENT: This overcomes the potential problem with inhaling dust and dirt when using an oral aspirator. ISBN:9781402066658 Small, hand-held collection net for adult arthropods. COMMENT: Can be successfully used to catch resting or flying adult arthropods. The net typically is mounted on a frame that is attached to a handle to increase the reach. leisen 2010-05-27T09:24:13Z VSMO:0001522 hand-held sweep net Small, hand-held collection net for adult arthropods. COMMENT: Can be successfully used to catch resting or flying adult arthropods. The net typically is mounted on a frame that is attached to a handle to increase the reach. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods, in the form of a tube that is used to actively capture the arthropod. COMMENT: For active arthropod collection only (does not work in the absence of a human collector). A plastic or glass tube can be put over the resting vector and the open end can be plugged with a piece of cotton wool. If the cotton wool is pushed down to confine the vector to the end of the tube, several individuals isolated by cotton wool plugs can be collected in each tube. leisen 2010-05-27T09:25:42Z VSMO:0001523 collecting tube Equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods, in the form of a tube that is used to actively capture the arthropod. COMMENT: For active arthropod collection only (does not work in the absence of a human collector). A plastic or glass tube can be put over the resting vector and the open end can be plugged with a piece of cotton wool. If the cotton wool is pushed down to confine the vector to the end of the tube, several individuals isolated by cotton wool plugs can be collected in each tube. ISBN:9781402066658 Aspirator that requires a power source to be operated. COMMENT: A variety of powered aspirators have been developed to collect the adult stage of an air-borne vector as it is resting on a surface or moving around. Some of these are referred to as suction sweepers. leisen 2010-05-28T08:16:09Z VSMO:0001524 powered aspirator Aspirator that requires a power source to be operated. COMMENT: A variety of powered aspirators have been developed to collect the adult stage of an air-borne vector as it is resting on a surface or moving around. Some of these are referred to as suction sweepers. VSMO:Authors Cylinder-shaped shelter made from bamboo mattress and thatch for resting adult arthropods, designed by Khin Maung. COMMENT: Khin Maung made a resting shelter by rolling a bamboo mattress (6 x 4 ft) into a hollow cylinder, standing it vertically and covering the top with thatch. leisen 2010-05-28T03:53:07Z VSMO:0001525 cylinder shelter with thatch Cylinder-shaped shelter made from bamboo mattress and thatch for resting adult arthropods, designed by Khin Maung. COMMENT: Khin Maung made a resting shelter by rolling a bamboo mattress (6 x 4 ft) into a hollow cylinder, standing it vertically and covering the top with thatch. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered, backpack-carried aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by Meyer. COMMENT: Meyer found the aspirators of Davis-Gould and Nasci unsuitable, mainly because of their size and/or lack of power, and designed a lightweight more powerful machine termed the AFS (Arbovirus Field Station) sweeper. Basically it consists of a lightweight L-shaped metal backpack adapted to hold a plywood platform (8 x 13 inches) supporting two 6 V rechargeable gel cell batteries. These are connected in series to deliver 12 V at a minimum of 16 A, which is needed to operate the blower for about 1 h. The blower is a 12 V Dayton model (2C646) and is mounted underneath the plywood platform on the horizontal section of the backpack. Air displacement of the blower is about 2.12 cubic meters per minute, which represents improved suction over most previous battery operated aspirators. The suction tube is composed of various sections of 4 inch diameter black PVC piping (as used by plumbers and called ABS tubing), and about 4 feet of 4 inch diameter automobile defroster hose, making altogether a tube about 8 feet long. Mosquitoes are sucked into a 1 pint sized paper carton having a nylon-screened bottom which is inserted where the handle section and nozzle join. This collection carton can be rapidly removed, its lid placed on and a new carton inserted. A screen of netting is inserted over the collecting tube to prevent leaves and twigs being sucked into the collection carton. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001526 AFS sweeper Powered, backpack-carried aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by Meyer. COMMENT: Meyer found the aspirators of Davis-Gould and Nasci unsuitable, mainly because of their size and/or lack of power, and designed a lightweight more powerful machine termed the AFS (Arbovirus Field Station) sweeper. Basically it consists of a lightweight L-shaped metal backpack adapted to hold a plywood platform (8 x 13 inches) supporting two 6 V rechargeable gel cell batteries. These are connected in series to deliver 12 V at a minimum of 16 A, which is needed to operate the blower for about 1 h. The blower is a 12 V Dayton model (2C646) and is mounted underneath the plywood platform on the horizontal section of the backpack. Air displacement of the blower is about 2.12 cubic meters per minute, which represents improved suction over most previous battery operated aspirators. The suction tube is composed of various sections of 4 inch diameter black PVC piping (as used by plumbers and called ABS tubing), and about 4 feet of 4 inch diameter automobile defroster hose, making altogether a tube about 8 feet long. Mosquitoes are sucked into a 1 pint sized paper carton having a nylon-screened bottom which is inserted where the handle section and nozzle join. This collection carton can be rapidly removed, its lid placed on and a new carton inserted. A screen of netting is inserted over the collecting tube to prevent leaves and twigs being sucked into the collection carton. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered aspirator to collect arthropods designed by Nasci. COMMENT: To address some of the disadvantages of the D-vac machine in terms of weight, noise, and cost, Nasci constructed an aspirator from locally available materials that was some seven times cheaper, and weighed less than 5 kg. It consists of sheet metal (aluminium) rolled round to form a 61 inch long and 34.3 cm diameter tube. A 12 V motor with a 25 cm fan blade is mounted on a 14 cm square piece of plywood screwed onto a 34.3 cm length of 4 x10-cm strip of wood rounded at the ends to fit into the base of the metal tube. Transparent sheet plastic is rolled and bolted to form a 61 cm and 34.3 cm diameter tube which can be inserted 10.1 cm into the metal tube. A D-vac collecting bag is folded over the other end of the plastic tube and held in position by S-shaped clips attached to large rubber bands. Two metal gate handles are fixed on the metal cylinder. Wire from the motor passes to a push button switch on the metal tube and then to two 6 V gel batteries connected in series, which will power the aspirator for at least 6 hr. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001527 aspirator of Nasci Powered aspirator to collect arthropods designed by Nasci. COMMENT: To address some of the disadvantages of the D-vac machine in terms of weight, noise, and cost, Nasci constructed an aspirator from locally available materials that was some seven times cheaper, and weighed less than 5 kg. It consists of sheet metal (aluminium) rolled round to form a 61 inch long and 34.3 cm diameter tube. A 12 V motor with a 25 cm fan blade is mounted on a 14 cm square piece of plywood screwed onto a 34.3 cm length of 4 x10-cm strip of wood rounded at the ends to fit into the base of the metal tube. Transparent sheet plastic is rolled and bolted to form a 61 cm and 34.3 cm diameter tube which can be inserted 10.1 cm into the metal tube. A D-vac collecting bag is folded over the other end of the plastic tube and held in position by S-shaped clips attached to large rubber bands. Two metal gate handles are fixed on the metal cylinder. Wire from the motor passes to a push button switch on the metal tube and then to two 6 V gel batteries connected in series, which will power the aspirator for at least 6 hr. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COMMENT: In the CDC suction sweeper, suction is provided by a 3-4.5 V motor, operating from a 6-V battery. A 3-inch diameter two-blade aluminium propeller is fixed to a motor housed in a 3 1/2 inch outside diameter 4 inch length of clear cast acrylic tubing. The basal 3/8 inch of a 1 inch wide, 3 1/2 inch inner diameter ring of acrylic plastic is cemented over the opposite end of the fan housing. A pint-sized cardboard carton, 3 3/8 inches in outer diameter, with the bottom end removed and covered with no. 24 nylon mesh, is seated within the in projecting 5/8 inch rim of this plastic ring. This comprises the removable collection chamber. A collecting tube made from acrylic tubing of the same shape and size as the fan housing is fitted to the top of the cardboard carton by a similar 1 inch wide 3 1/2 inch inside diameter ring of plastic. A 15-inch length of 1inch aluminium angle is fitted along the outside of the complete collecting unit, being permanently fastened to the fan housing by a circular metal ring and to the collecting tube by elastic bands. The 3 inch length of angle that extends from the back of the fan housing is riveted to a 24 inch long handle of 1inch diameter aluminium tubing. After mosquitoes have been collected the motor is kept running while the front tube is removed and a lid is placed on the cardboard carton, which is then removed and replaced with another. The original aim was to collect mosquitoes resting amongst vegetation by slowly moving the apparatus backwards and forwards in a sweeping motion, hence its name. The motor, however, provides insufficient suction for this and the machine is more usually used as a powered aspirator for collecting mosquitoes resting in shelters and traps. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001528 CDC suction sweeper Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COMMENT: In the CDC suction sweeper, suction is provided by a 3-4.5 V motor, operating from a 6-V battery. A 3-inch diameter two-blade aluminium propeller is fixed to a motor housed in a 3 1/2 inch outside diameter 4 inch length of clear cast acrylic tubing. The basal 3/8 inch of a 1 inch wide, 3 1/2 inch inner diameter ring of acrylic plastic is cemented over the opposite end of the fan housing. A pint-sized cardboard carton, 3 3/8 inches in outer diameter, with the bottom end removed and covered with no. 24 nylon mesh, is seated within the in projecting 5/8 inch rim of this plastic ring. This comprises the removable collection chamber. A collecting tube made from acrylic tubing of the same shape and size as the fan housing is fitted to the top of the cardboard carton by a similar 1 inch wide 3 1/2 inch inside diameter ring of plastic. A 15-inch length of 1inch aluminium angle is fitted along the outside of the complete collecting unit, being permanently fastened to the fan housing by a circular metal ring and to the collecting tube by elastic bands. The 3 inch length of angle that extends from the back of the fan housing is riveted to a 24 inch long handle of 1inch diameter aluminium tubing. After mosquitoes have been collected the motor is kept running while the front tube is removed and a lid is placed on the cardboard carton, which is then removed and replaced with another. The original aim was to collect mosquitoes resting amongst vegetation by slowly moving the apparatus backwards and forwards in a sweeping motion, hence its name. The motor, however, provides insufficient suction for this and the machine is more usually used as a powered aspirator for collecting mosquitoes resting in shelters and traps. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered aspirator to collect arthropods designed by Davis and Gould. COMMENT: This small portable, battery-operated aspirator was developed to collect mosquitoes resting amongst vegetation. It consists of four basic parts, a collecting tube, a collecting chamber, a housing for the collecting chamber and a fan unit. The collecting tube consists of a a 36 inch length of 3 1/2 inch diameter plastic water pipe. Half-inch wire mesh can be taped over the entrance to prevent leaves and large insects being sucked up. This tube fits into a 3 1/2 inch metal sleeve fitted to the hinged lid of the aluminum collecting chamber housing, which is 8 inches in diameter and length. A 1 gallon paper ice cream carton with bottom replaced with nylon netting and with an 18 inch length of 6 inch wide surgical stockinette taped around the other end forms the collecting cage and is inserted into the aluminium housing. The free end of the stockinette is slipped over the section of the collecting tube that extends about 4 inches through the metal sleeve in the lid of the metal housing. Suction is provided by a `squirrel cage' fan blower from a Volkswagen car heater unit. The blower fan operates from a 6 V motor cycle battery which can be attached to a belt worn by the operator. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001529 aspirator of Davis and Gould Powered aspirator to collect arthropods designed by Davis and Gould. COMMENT: This small portable, battery-operated aspirator was developed to collect mosquitoes resting amongst vegetation. It consists of four basic parts, a collecting tube, a collecting chamber, a housing for the collecting chamber and a fan unit. The collecting tube consists of a a 36 inch length of 3 1/2 inch diameter plastic water pipe. Half-inch wire mesh can be taped over the entrance to prevent leaves and large insects being sucked up. This tube fits into a 3 1/2 inch metal sleeve fitted to the hinged lid of the aluminum collecting chamber housing, which is 8 inches in diameter and length. A 1 gallon paper ice cream carton with bottom replaced with nylon netting and with an 18 inch length of 6 inch wide surgical stockinette taped around the other end forms the collecting cage and is inserted into the aluminium housing. The free end of the stockinette is slipped over the section of the collecting tube that extends about 4 inches through the metal sleeve in the lid of the metal housing. Suction is provided by a `squirrel cage' fan blower from a Volkswagen car heater unit. The blower fan operates from a 6 V motor cycle battery which can be attached to a belt worn by the operator. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by Dietrick. COMMENT: The portable and commercially available mechanical suction of Dietrick (D-vac) has a large diameter suction hose. It operates from a single-cylinder, air-cooled, two-cycle petrol engine. By altering the engine throttle, air displacement can be varied from about 500 to 1500 square feet per minute. Total weight is about 27 lb. A flexible wire ribbed canvas air ducting is connected to the fan intake. The other end is joined by a tapering plastic-coated nylon ducting to a fibre glass collecting head. A fine 18-in long tapered organdie bag, into which the insects are sucked, is positioned within the fibre glass collecting head. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001530 suction sweeper of Dietrick (D-vac) Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by Dietrick. COMMENT: The portable and commercially available mechanical suction of Dietrick (D-vac) has a large diameter suction hose. It operates from a single-cylinder, air-cooled, two-cycle petrol engine. By altering the engine throttle, air displacement can be varied from about 500 to 1500 square feet per minute. Total weight is about 27 lb. A flexible wire ribbed canvas air ducting is connected to the fan intake. The other end is joined by a tapering plastic-coated nylon ducting to a fibre glass collecting head. A fine 18-in long tapered organdie bag, into which the insects are sucked, is positioned within the fibre glass collecting head. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered aspirator to collect arthropods designed by Perdew and Meek. COMMENT: Perdew and Meek argued that their aspirator, made by modifying a commercial cordless broom blower, provides greater suction and requires less modification than many previous battery powered aspirators. The basic equipment is a blower-type broom that consists of a plastic body incorporating a fan and a motor, and in its handle rechargeable cadmium batteries, and an extension tube tapered and curved distally. To convert the broom into an aspirator the wires to the motor are reversed and the tapered end of the extension tube cut off. Two rigid plastic tapered beakers (474 ml) having a minimum 9 cm inner diameter at the top are required. To make an elongated version of the aspirator a selected length of the bottom of the plastic cup is cut off to leave a 6.9 cm opening that can be glued to the inside of the extension tube. A 473-ml paper cup has a 6.4 cm diameter hole cut from both its lid and its bottom, and both holes covered with screening of suitably sized mesh. This forms the collection carton, and without its lid, is pushed tightly into the plastic cup stuck in the end of the extension tube. This extended version of the aspirator is 118 cm long. A shorter (65 cm) version can be made by cutting the bottom from a similar plastic cup to leave a 7.4 cm diameter opening. After two opposing rectangles are cut out the cup is fitted over the end of the main body of the cordless broom and secured with four screws. The paper cup (collection carton) is fitted into the end of the plastic cup, the extension tube is not used. After using either the extended or short aspirator the screened lid is pushed on the paper cup, which is then removed and replaced with another. The aspirator can operate efficiently for about 45 min, with a minimum air flow of 21 cubic meters per minute. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001531 Perdew and Meek aspirator Powered aspirator to collect arthropods designed by Perdew and Meek. COMMENT: Perdew and Meek argued that their aspirator, made by modifying a commercial cordless broom blower, provides greater suction and requires less modification than many previous battery powered aspirators. The basic equipment is a blower-type broom that consists of a plastic body incorporating a fan and a motor, and in its handle rechargeable cadmium batteries, and an extension tube tapered and curved distally. To convert the broom into an aspirator the wires to the motor are reversed and the tapered end of the extension tube cut off. Two rigid plastic tapered beakers (474 ml) having a minimum 9 cm inner diameter at the top are required. To make an elongated version of the aspirator a selected length of the bottom of the plastic cup is cut off to leave a 6.9 cm opening that can be glued to the inside of the extension tube. A 473-ml paper cup has a 6.4 cm diameter hole cut from both its lid and its bottom, and both holes covered with screening of suitably sized mesh. This forms the collection carton, and without its lid, is pushed tightly into the plastic cup stuck in the end of the extension tube. This extended version of the aspirator is 118 cm long. A shorter (65 cm) version can be made by cutting the bottom from a similar plastic cup to leave a 7.4 cm diameter opening. After two opposing rectangles are cut out the cup is fitted over the end of the main body of the cordless broom and secured with four screws. The paper cup (collection carton) is fitted into the end of the plastic cup, the extension tube is not used. After using either the extended or short aspirator the screened lid is pushed on the paper cup, which is then removed and replaced with another. The aspirator can operate efficiently for about 45 min, with a minimum air flow of 21 cubic meters per minute. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a non-human animal bait is used as the primary attractant. 2010-05-29T08:20:40Z VSMO:0001532 trap containing non-human animal bait Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a non-human animal bait is used as the primary attractant. VSMO:Authors Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by de Freitas. COMMENT: The mechanical suction sweeper of de Freitas is composed of three main parts: plastic tubing carrying on its lower side a side port made of the same material; a nylon netting sleeve and a collecting chamber made from mesh wire screening. A small motor, such as used in CDC light-traps, having an eight-bladed propeller mounted at the rear is positioned within the upper section of the plastic tubing. The tube's opening is covered with mesh wire to prevent mosquitoes entering. These are collected through the lower side port which is covered with 2 X 2 screening to prevent leaves and other debris being sucked in. The complete machine is suspended underneath a wooden handle. The motor is wired through an on/off switch to a 3-V power supply consisting of torch batteries or a rechargeable wet cell battery attached to the belt of the operator. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001533 suction sweeper of de Freitas Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by de Freitas. COMMENT: The mechanical suction sweeper of de Freitas is composed of three main parts: plastic tubing carrying on its lower side a side port made of the same material; a nylon netting sleeve and a collecting chamber made from mesh wire screening. A small motor, such as used in CDC light-traps, having an eight-bladed propeller mounted at the rear is positioned within the upper section of the plastic tubing. The tube's opening is covered with mesh wire to prevent mosquitoes entering. These are collected through the lower side port which is covered with 2 X 2 screening to prevent leaves and other debris being sucked in. The complete machine is suspended underneath a wooden handle. The motor is wired through an on/off switch to a 3-V power supply consisting of torch batteries or a rechargeable wet cell battery attached to the belt of the operator. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by Garcia. COMMENT: A long torch provides both a convenient handle and housing for five 1.5 V dry cell batteries which are needed to power a small fan placed at the rear of a metal cylinder mounted on brackets beneath the torch. A small conical section forms the intake and is a sliding fit over the cylindrical chamber. A detachable fine muslin collecting bag is tied on to an inner metal tube projecting from the conical section. A metal cap covered with fine mesh is placed over the end of the intake to prevent mosquitoes escaping when the collecting bag is withdrawn from the cylinder. Mosquitoes are sucked into the collecting bag which is tied across with string and removed. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001534 suction sweeper of Garcia Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by Garcia. COMMENT: A long torch provides both a convenient handle and housing for five 1.5 V dry cell batteries which are needed to power a small fan placed at the rear of a metal cylinder mounted on brackets beneath the torch. A small conical section forms the intake and is a sliding fit over the cylindrical chamber. A detachable fine muslin collecting bag is tied on to an inner metal tube projecting from the conical section. A metal cap covered with fine mesh is placed over the end of the intake to prevent mosquitoes escaping when the collecting bag is withdrawn from the cylinder. Mosquitoes are sucked into the collecting bag which is tied across with string and removed. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by Kay COMMENT: Kay made an aspirator from a 1 m length of 10 cm diameter PVC drain pipe. A 12 V motor drawing 37 W and a fan are powered by a 9 Amphr motorcycle battery carried in a bag on the hip. The velocity of air through the intake is 5 m/s and mosquitoes are collected in terylene bags inserted into the intake of the PVC tubing. These bags can be secured with rubber bands. This aspirator is similar to that of Davis and Gould but is simpler in that the enlarged holding cage is omitted. leisen 2010-05-28T08:26:07Z VSMO:0001535 suction sweeper of Kay Powered aspirator (suction sweeper) to collect arthropods designed by Kay COMMENT: Kay made an aspirator from a 1 m length of 10 cm diameter PVC drain pipe. A 12 V motor drawing 37 W and a fan are powered by a 9 Amphr motorcycle battery carried in a bag on the hip. The velocity of air through the intake is 5 m/s and mosquitoes are collected in terylene bags inserted into the intake of the PVC tubing. These bags can be secured with rubber bands. This aspirator is similar to that of Davis and Gould but is simpler in that the enlarged holding cage is omitted. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a human is used as the primary attractant. leisen 2010-05-29T08:22:11Z VSMO:0001536 trap containing human bait Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a human is used as the primary attractant. VSMO:Authors Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Elliott, which encloses a whole building and captures arthropods that attempt to exit the building. COMMENT: Because many houses have walls made of loose-fitting bamboo or matting, the collection of vectors in exit traps fitted to windows or doors, or even by veranda traps, is inefficient. To overcome these problems Elliott devised a technique by which a house was completely encircled from the lower edge of the roof to the ground with a nylon mosquito netting curtain. The curtain was raised for the first 30 min of each hour to allow ingress of vectors and then vectors resting on the inside and outside surfaces of the netting collected. leisen 2010-05-29T08:25:55Z VSMO:0001537 whole building curtain trap Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Elliott, which encloses a whole building and captures arthropods that attempt to exit the building. COMMENT: Because many houses have walls made of loose-fitting bamboo or matting, the collection of vectors in exit traps fitted to windows or doors, or even by veranda traps, is inefficient. To overcome these problems Elliott devised a technique by which a house was completely encircled from the lower edge of the roof to the ground with a nylon mosquito netting curtain. The curtain was raised for the first 30 min of each hour to allow ingress of vectors and then vectors resting on the inside and outside surfaces of the netting collected. ISBN:9781402066658 Black panel indoor shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Edman. COMMENT: This resting box consists of two 90 cm x 30 cm flat cardboard panels arranged in a cross design. All surfaces are covered with black muslin cloth. leisen 2010-05-28T09:43:02Z VSMO:0001538 panel indoor resting box of Edman Black panel indoor shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Edman. COMMENT: This resting box consists of two 90 cm x 30 cm flat cardboard panels arranged in a cross design. All surfaces are covered with black muslin cloth. ISBN:9781402066658 Collection net with a descending mode of action to capture adult arthropods attracted to animal or human bait. COMMENT: The drop net cage commonly takes the form of a cylindrical or bell-shaped tube of cloth weighted along the bottom edge with a metal hoop and rolled up and suspended just above the head of the collector. A cord causes the net to descend rapidly to enclose the bait and the vector. leisen 2010-05-29T08:25:55Z VSMO:0001539 drop net cage for animal or human bait Collection net with a descending mode of action to capture adult arthropods attracted to animal or human bait. COMMENT: The drop net cage commonly takes the form of a cylindrical or bell-shaped tube of cloth weighted along the bottom edge with a metal hoop and rolled up and suspended just above the head of the collector. A cord causes the net to descend rapidly to enclose the bait and the vector. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered, backpack-carried aspirator to collect arthropods designed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COMMENT: Clark modified the AFS sweeper as follows to achieve the CDC backpack aspirator (which is available commercially): the shelf for the 6 V batteries was removed; a 3/8 inch thick piece of plywood, with a hole for the exhaust, was attached to the base of the frame; the blower position was changed to the operator's right side; the net-covered collecting carton was placed at the end of the collecting tube, rather than the middle; the blower was rotated 90 degrees so that the exhaust was directed downwards; the 6-V batteries were replaced with a single 12-V motorcycle battery; a wire mesh battery compartment was added. leisen 2010-05-28T08:31:45Z VSMO:0001540 CDC backpack aspirator Powered, backpack-carried aspirator to collect arthropods designed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COMMENT: Clark modified the AFS sweeper as follows to achieve the CDC backpack aspirator (which is available commercially): the shelf for the 6 V batteries was removed; a 3/8 inch thick piece of plywood, with a hole for the exhaust, was attached to the base of the frame; the blower position was changed to the operator's right side; the net-covered collecting carton was placed at the end of the collecting tube, rather than the middle; the blower was rotated 90 degrees so that the exhaust was directed downwards; the 6-V batteries were replaced with a single 12-V motorcycle battery; a wire mesh battery compartment was added. ISBN:9781402066658 Tall indoor box-shaped black shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Edman. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a medium-weight brown cardboard box 90 cm tall x 30 cm wide x 30 cm deep, from which a 50 cm x 30 cm section is cut from the center of one of the long sides. All surfaces are covered with black muslin cloth. leisen 2010-05-28T09:43:02Z VSMO:0001541 tall indoor resting box of Edman Tall indoor box-shaped black shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Edman. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a medium-weight brown cardboard box 90 cm tall x 30 cm wide x 30 cm deep, from which a 50 cm x 30 cm section is cut from the center of one of the long sides. All surfaces are covered with black muslin cloth. ISBN:9781402066658 Box-shaped and earth-lined shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Russell and Santiago. COMMENT: Russell and Santiago made a resting box shelter consisting of a 3 ft long and 2 ft square, or larger, wooden framework with a 1 inch thick layer of soil held in place against the inside walls and roof by 16-mesh/inch screening. There is no bottom to the trap, which is placed directly on the ground. A black cloth hangs down over the entrance to within about 1/2 ft of the ground. Drip cans full of water keep the earth lining the box moist. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001542 earth-lined box shelter Box-shaped and earth-lined shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Russell and Santiago. COMMENT: Russell and Santiago made a resting box shelter consisting of a 3 ft long and 2 ft square, or larger, wooden framework with a 1 inch thick layer of soil held in place against the inside walls and roof by 16-mesh/inch screening. There is no bottom to the trap, which is placed directly on the ground. A black cloth hangs down over the entrance to within about 1/2 ft of the ground. Drip cans full of water keep the earth lining the box moist. ISBN:9781402066658 Pot-shaped shelter made from wood fiber for resting adult arthropods, designed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COMMENT: Commercially available, nestable, fiber plant-pots were used by Komar to sample resting mosquito vectors. The pots used were constructed from recycled wood pulp, formed into hollow, truncated pyramids, 28 cm high, with a 28 x 28 cm square open end, tapering to a 15 x 15 cm closed end. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001543 fiber pot resting box Pot-shaped shelter made from wood fiber for resting adult arthropods, designed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COMMENT: Commercially available, nestable, fiber plant-pots were used by Komar to sample resting mosquito vectors. The pots used were constructed from recycled wood pulp, formed into hollow, truncated pyramids, 28 cm high, with a 28 x 28 cm square open end, tapering to a 15 x 15 cm closed end. ISBN:9781402066658 Shelter for resting adult arthropods made from a wooden keg. COMMENT: This shelter consists of an ordinary, untreated wooden barrel-shaped nail keg with the lid removed, placed on its side on the ground in a deeply shaded area, especially near the edge of larval habitats. Its entrance should be protected from wind and the sun by siting the keg at the base of a tree, alongside or under a log, under bushes or amongst scrub vegetation. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001544 keg shelter Shelter for resting adult arthropods made from a wooden keg. COMMENT: This shelter consists of an ordinary, untreated wooden barrel-shaped nail keg with the lid removed, placed on its side on the ground in a deeply shaded area, especially near the edge of larval habitats. Its entrance should be protected from wind and the sun by siting the keg at the base of a tree, alongside or under a log, under bushes or amongst scrub vegetation. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait, does not include a power source, is fitted to a building, and captures arthropods as they attempt to enter and/or exit the building. COMMENT: A variety of entry or exit traps fitted to a building, most commonly in a window opening, or enclosing a part of or even the entire building have been developed to catch vectors as they are entering and exiting in search of a blood meal host. Some of these traps can be used either as entry or exit traps depending on how they are installed. However, much smaller numbers usually are caught in entry, as compared to exit, traps clearly showing that they are not very efficient in sampling mosquitoes entering buildings. leisen 2010-05-29T08:25:55Z VSMO:0001545 unpowered entry/exit trap fitted to a building Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait, does not include a power source, is fitted to a building, and captures arthropods as they attempt to enter and/or exit the building. COMMENT: A variety of entry or exit traps fitted to a building, most commonly in a window opening, or enclosing a part of or even the entire building have been developed to catch vectors as they are entering and exiting in search of a blood meal host. Some of these traps can be used either as entry or exit traps depending on how they are installed. However, much smaller numbers usually are caught in entry, as compared to exit, traps clearly showing that they are not very efficient in sampling mosquitoes entering buildings. VSMO:Authors Shelter for resting adult arthropods made from a black plastic trash bag. COMMENT: Service made a resting shelter by placing a black trash bag over a 1 ft cube wire frame, leaving the bag partially open to form an entrance. Cotton wool soaked in water was placed in the bag to increase humidity. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001546 plastic bag shelter Shelter for resting adult arthropods made from a black plastic trash bag. COMMENT: Service made a resting shelter by placing a black trash bag over a 1 ft cube wire frame, leaving the bag partially open to form an entrance. Cotton wool soaked in water was placed in the bag to increase humidity. ISBN:9781402066658 Shelter for resting adult arthropods in the form of a plastic tent. COMMENT: Plastic tents made from tough white transparent plastic sheeting and pulled over a 1.5-m high metal or wooden frame have been used to facilitate collection of resting vectors. An area of 3 x 3 m is enclosed by the plastic tent. The interior becomes very humid and hot, and this results in mosquitoes flying out from their resting places within the tent and settling on the tent walls or roof where they can be collected. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001547 plastic tent shelter Shelter for resting adult arthropods in the form of a plastic tent. COMMENT: Plastic tents made from tough white transparent plastic sheeting and pulled over a 1.5-m high metal or wooden frame have been used to facilitate collection of resting vectors. An area of 3 x 3 m is enclosed by the plastic tent. The interior becomes very humid and hot, and this results in mosquitoes flying out from their resting places within the tent and settling on the tent walls or roof where they can be collected. VSMO:Authors Shelter for resting adult arthropods in the form of a wooden privy. COMMENT: Schoof constructed 6 ft high wooden structures with 3 square ft bases and overhanging wooden roofs, which he placed in cool dark places near larval habitats and termed anopheline houses. Snow modified this as a wooden framework 6.5 ft high with a 4 square ft base and with the roof and four sides covered with weatherproof cellulose board (Celotex). The inner surfaces are lined with a moisture proof backing of black asphalt-like material. Each side is composed of four panels, any of which can be removed to either leave an open space or provide an opening for a Bates type ingress baffle. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001548 privy type shelter Shelter for resting adult arthropods in the form of a wooden privy. COMMENT: Schoof constructed 6 ft high wooden structures with 3 square ft bases and overhanging wooden roofs, which he placed in cool dark places near larval habitats and termed anopheline houses. Snow modified this as a wooden framework 6.5 ft high with a 4 square ft base and with the roof and four sides covered with weatherproof cellulose board (Celotex). The inner surfaces are lined with a moisture proof backing of black asphalt-like material. Each side is composed of four panels, any of which can be removed to either leave an open space or provide an opening for a Bates type ingress baffle. ISBN:9781402066658 Shelter for resting adult arthropods in the form of a wooden box which is painted black on the outside and red on the inside. COMMENT: The original red box shelter, developed by Goodwin, is a wooden box open at one end and measuring 1 cubic feet, and 2 feet deep. It is painted dull black on the outside and red on the inside. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001549 red box shelter Shelter for resting adult arthropods in the form of a wooden box which is painted black on the outside and red on the inside. COMMENT: The original red box shelter, developed by Goodwin, is a wooden box open at one end and measuring 1 cubic feet, and 2 feet deep. It is painted dull black on the outside and red on the inside. ISBN:9781402066658 Box-shaped shelter for resting adult arthropods made from red cloth and designed by Breeland and Glasgow. COMMENT: Breeland and Glasgow devised a cheaper, lighter and more portable version of the red box shelter. A 52 inch length of red broadcloth which is 36 inches wide is folded down the middle and stitched across at each end, so that when the material is cut between the middle seams two sacks are formed. Each sack is stapled to a 1 square foot unpainted wooden frame, which is nailed to a tree. The sack is held out horizontally by tying the ends with string to a convenient tree or stake. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001550 red cloth shelter Box-shaped shelter for resting adult arthropods made from red cloth and designed by Breeland and Glasgow. COMMENT: Breeland and Glasgow devised a cheaper, lighter and more portable version of the red box shelter. A 52 inch length of red broadcloth which is 36 inches wide is folded down the middle and stitched across at each end, so that when the material is cut between the middle seams two sacks are formed. Each sack is stapled to a 1 square foot unpainted wooden frame, which is nailed to a tree. The sack is held out horizontally by tying the ends with string to a convenient tree or stake. ISBN:9781402066658 Shelter in the form of a wooden box covered with black plastic for resting adult arthropods, designed by Charlwood. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a 2-m long, 1-m wide, 1.5-m high wooden frame covered with black plastic with an exit trap fitted on one side and another on top. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001551 resting box of Charlwood Shelter in the form of a wooden box covered with black plastic for resting adult arthropods, designed by Charlwood. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a 2-m long, 1-m wide, 1.5-m high wooden frame covered with black plastic with an exit trap fitted on one side and another on top. ISBN:9781402066658 Shelter for resting adult arthropods in the form of a plywood box which is painted gray on the outside and black on the inside and contains a red textile collecting bag, and was designed by Edman. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a plywood box 30 inches long, 18 inches wide and 12 inches high, painted matt grey on the outside and matt black inside. A red cotton collecting bag slightly smaller in width and height than the box but 8 inches longer was put in the box and held in position by placing elastic loops sewn at the bottom four corners over hooks screwed into the bottom of the box. The open end of the cloth bag which projected from the box was folded back over its opening, and secured by elastic tape threaded through its end seam. A plywood concave frame, painted matt grey outside and matt black inside, with a 28 x 52 inch opening tapering to a 10 x 16 base is placed just inside the opening of the box. Mosquitoes are collected from the box by first carefully withdrawing the concave frame and then pulling the turned over end section of the collecting bag from the box and closing it. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001552 resting box of Edman Shelter for resting adult arthropods in the form of a plywood box which is painted gray on the outside and black on the inside and contains a red textile collecting bag, and was designed by Edman. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a plywood box 30 inches long, 18 inches wide and 12 inches high, painted matt grey on the outside and matt black inside. A red cotton collecting bag slightly smaller in width and height than the box but 8 inches longer was put in the box and held in position by placing elastic loops sewn at the bottom four corners over hooks screwed into the bottom of the box. The open end of the cloth bag which projected from the box was folded back over its opening, and secured by elastic tape threaded through its end seam. A plywood concave frame, painted matt grey outside and matt black inside, with a 28 x 52 inch opening tapering to a 10 x 16 base is placed just inside the opening of the box. Mosquitoes are collected from the box by first carefully withdrawing the concave frame and then pulling the turned over end section of the collecting bag from the box and closing it. ISBN:9781402066658 Shelter made from a cardboard carton for resting adult arthropods, designed by Kay. COMMENT: Kay used brown cardboard cartons (33 x 27 x 25 cm) which had the top flaps folded and tapered to form an ingress aperture as outdoor resting boxes. The boxes were stacked in groups of 10 to 25 on top of each other. In the dry season wet cheese cloth was sometimes introduced into the boxes, while during the wet season they were sheltered against rain. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001553 resting box of Kay Shelter made from a cardboard carton for resting adult arthropods, designed by Kay. COMMENT: Kay used brown cardboard cartons (33 x 27 x 25 cm) which had the top flaps folded and tapered to form an ingress aperture as outdoor resting boxes. The boxes were stacked in groups of 10 to 25 on top of each other. In the dry season wet cheese cloth was sometimes introduced into the boxes, while during the wet season they were sheltered against rain. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a hut in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. leisen 2010-05-29T08:25:55Z VSMO:0001554 trap hut containing human bait Trap in the form of a hut in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. VSMO:Authors Shelter made from a plastic refuse container for resting adult arthropods, designed by Weathersbee. COMMENT: A portable resting unit that consists of a 113.5 liter plastic refuse container (72.3 x 41.9 x 80.6 cm) placed on its side on the ground to the front entrance of which is attached a tent-like 3 ft extension made from a sheet of black plastic (3 x 5 ft). The narrower end is fixed with waterproof insulating tape to the refuse box, while cord threaded through holes along the narrower end is fixed with waterproof insulating tape to the refuse box, while cord threaded through holes along the ridge of the plastic tent and its two sloping ends were attached to a center dowel. Two large nails passed through loops in the cord from the sloping ends and secured the canopy to the ground. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001555 resting box of Weathersbee Shelter made from a plastic refuse container for resting adult arthropods, designed by Weathersbee. COMMENT: A portable resting unit that consists of a 113.5 liter plastic refuse container (72.3 x 41.9 x 80.6 cm) placed on its side on the ground to the front entrance of which is attached a tent-like 3 ft extension made from a sheet of black plastic (3 x 5 ft). The narrower end is fixed with waterproof insulating tape to the refuse box, while cord threaded through holes along the narrower end is fixed with waterproof insulating tape to the refuse box, while cord threaded through holes along the ridge of the plastic tent and its two sloping ends were attached to a center dowel. Two large nails passed through loops in the cord from the sloping ends and secured the canopy to the ground. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a tent in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Different types of tents baited with humans have been used to collect host-seeking vectors. The orange tent method of Trpis consists of one or more people sitting in an orange colored canvas gable-type tent (about 2 m x 2 m x 2 m) which has one end wide open. All mosquitoes entering the tent are captured. leisen 2010-05-29T08:25:55Z VSMO:0001556 tent trap containing human bait Trap in the form of a tent in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Different types of tents baited with humans have been used to collect host-seeking vectors. The orange tent method of Trpis consists of one or more people sitting in an orange colored canvas gable-type tent (about 2 m x 2 m x 2 m) which has one end wide open. All mosquitoes entering the tent are captured. ISBN:9781402066658 Walk-in sized box shelter for resting adult arthropods which is painted red both on the outside and inside. COMMENT: Nelson and Spadoni developed a large (6 ft tall, 4 ft wide, 6 ft deep) box painted red inside and out and called a walk-in red box. This was later modified by Meyer to have a curtain that can be pulled across the entrance when a person enters to aspirate the catch. The walk-in red box generally traps more mosquitoes than the smaller red box shelter. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001557 walk in red box shelter Walk-in sized box shelter for resting adult arthropods which is painted red both on the outside and inside. COMMENT: Nelson and Spadoni developed a large (6 ft tall, 4 ft wide, 6 ft deep) box painted red inside and out and called a walk-in red box. This was later modified by Meyer to have a curtain that can be pulled across the entrance when a person enters to aspirate the catch. The walk-in red box generally traps more mosquitoes than the smaller red box shelter. ISBN:9781402066658 Pipe-shaped shelter for resting adult arthropods. COMMENT: Nelson developed an artificial rodent burrow termed the pipe trap for collecting resting mosquito vectors. The device consists of three parts, a pipe, a plunger and a collecting carton. The pipe consists of a 91 cm length of 18.5 cm outside diameter asbestos-cement sewer pipe, both ends of which taper to 16.2 cm in diameter. The pipe absorbs moisture. The plunger is a 91 cm length of 4.76 mm steel rod having a 14 cm wooden disc fixed at the end, to which is glued a piece of 16.5 cm diameter foam rubber. The collecting component consists of a 16.5 cm long, 3.8 litre cardboard carton. The bottom is removed and a 30.5 cm length of tubular stockinette is taped over the outside of the carton. The other end (top) is removed or modified so that the sleeve section of a CDC collecting bag is fitted over the end. Alternatively a sleeve of stockinette or mosquito netting is fixed over the top end of the carton. A hole is dug in the ground and the pipe inserted at an angle of 20-25 degrees from the horizontal so that about 7.5 cm projects from the hole. The piston-like plunger is pushed down to the bottom of the pipe. The following day any mosquitoes that have rested in the pipe are removed, by firstly fitting the stockinette sleeve on the bottom of the carton over the end of the pipe. The collector then reaches through the top sleeve and slowly pulls up the plunger, while squeezing the top sleeve to prevent mosquitoes escaping. When the foam rubber disc is flush with the end of the pipe the stockinette tube is eased off the pipe and pinched off across the face of the disc. The carton is then slipped off from the rod and both ends tied. The trap is then reset by pushing the plunger down to the bottom of the pipe. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001558 pipe trap shelter Pipe-shaped shelter for resting adult arthropods. COMMENT: Nelson developed an artificial rodent burrow termed the pipe trap for collecting resting mosquito vectors. The device consists of three parts, a pipe, a plunger and a collecting carton. The pipe consists of a 91 cm length of 18.5 cm outside diameter asbestos-cement sewer pipe, both ends of which taper to 16.2 cm in diameter. The pipe absorbs moisture. The plunger is a 91 cm length of 4.76 mm steel rod having a 14 cm wooden disc fixed at the end, to which is glued a piece of 16.5 cm diameter foam rubber. The collecting component consists of a 16.5 cm long, 3.8 litre cardboard carton. The bottom is removed and a 30.5 cm length of tubular stockinette is taped over the outside of the carton. The other end (top) is removed or modified so that the sleeve section of a CDC collecting bag is fitted over the end. Alternatively a sleeve of stockinette or mosquito netting is fixed over the top end of the carton. A hole is dug in the ground and the pipe inserted at an angle of 20-25 degrees from the horizontal so that about 7.5 cm projects from the hole. The piston-like plunger is pushed down to the bottom of the pipe. The following day any mosquitoes that have rested in the pipe are removed, by firstly fitting the stockinette sleeve on the bottom of the carton over the end of the pipe. The collector then reaches through the top sleeve and slowly pulls up the plunger, while squeezing the top sleeve to prevent mosquitoes escaping. When the foam rubber disc is flush with the end of the pipe the stockinette tube is eased off the pipe and pinched off across the face of the disc. The carton is then slipped off from the rod and both ends tied. The trap is then reset by pushing the plunger down to the bottom of the pipe. ISBN:9781402066658 Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Muirhead-Thomson, which is fitted to a window of a building and captures arthropods as they attempt to or exit the window. COMMENT: The original Muirhead-Thomson exit trap consists of cage made from a 1 ft cube framework of wire covered with white mosquito netting. One side is inverted to form an entrance funnel narrowing to about a 1/4 inch diameter opening. The funnel was supported within the cage by string tied from its narrow end to the four corners of the trap. One or two small cloth sleeves incorporated in the sides of the cage enabled aspirators to be inserted to remove the catch. The trap is usually placed in the middle of a piece of black cloth which is secured over a window. A large proportion of the vectors which seek to leave the building at dawn are attracted by light entering the window, and are consequently caught in window traps as they try to escape. leisen 2010-05-29T09:13:45Z VSMO:0001559 Muirhead-Thomson window trap Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Muirhead-Thomson, which is fitted to a window of a building and captures arthropods as they attempt to or exit the window. COMMENT: The original Muirhead-Thomson exit trap consists of cage made from a 1 ft cube framework of wire covered with white mosquito netting. One side is inverted to form an entrance funnel narrowing to about a 1/4 inch diameter opening. The funnel was supported within the cage by string tied from its narrow end to the four corners of the trap. One or two small cloth sleeves incorporated in the sides of the cage enabled aspirators to be inserted to remove the catch. The trap is usually placed in the middle of a piece of black cloth which is secured over a window. A large proportion of the vectors which seek to leave the building at dawn are attracted by light entering the window, and are consequently caught in window traps as they try to escape. ISBN:9781402066658 Indoor black shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Edman. COMMENT: Three designs of an indoor resting box for Aedes aegypti were developed. This included a panel design and tall and short box designs. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001560 indoor resting box of Edman Indoor black shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Edman. COMMENT: Three designs of an indoor resting box for Aedes aegypti were developed. This included a panel design and tall and short box designs. ISBN:9781402066658 Collection net with a descending mode of action to capture adult arthropods from vegetation. COMMENT: In one variation of a drop net cage, four vertical poles are driven into the ground, taking care not to disturb the vegetation between them, and a net (or tent) is then suspended from the poles. The sides are then quickly pulled down and vectors collected from within the resulting "net cage". Other variations include netting attached to light wooden frames that are put over vegetation; vectors are agitated by smoke etc and then aspirated from the netting. leisen 2010-05-28T08:40:52Z VSMO:0001561 drop net cage for vegetation Collection net with a descending mode of action to capture adult arthropods from vegetation. COMMENT: In one variation of a drop net cage, four vertical poles are driven into the ground, taking care not to disturb the vegetation between them, and a net (or tent) is then suspended from the poles. The sides are then quickly pulled down and vectors collected from within the resulting "net cage". Other variations include netting attached to light wooden frames that are put over vegetation; vectors are agitated by smoke etc and then aspirated from the netting. ISBN:9781402066658 Small hand-carried powered aspirator to collect arthropods. COMMENT: Various small hand-carried and battery-operated aspirators have been developed, including ones modified from various hand-held vacuum cleaners. leisen 2010-05-28T08:48:05Z VSMO:0001562 battery-operated hand-carried aspirator Small hand-carried powered aspirator to collect arthropods. COMMENT: Various small hand-carried and battery-operated aspirators have been developed, including ones modified from various hand-held vacuum cleaners. ISBN:9781402066658 Collecting tube with killing action. COMMENT: A collecting tube can be made into a killing collecting tube by placing cut-up pieces of rubber bands or bicycle inner tube in the bottom and flooding them with chloroform. After allowing the fluid to be soaked up and pouring the excess away, a layer of absorbent cotton wool is inserted, which is then covered with 1-2 layers of white blotting or filter paper. leisen 2010-05-28T08:49:03Z VSMO:0001563 killing collecting tube Collecting tube with killing action. COMMENT: A collecting tube can be made into a killing collecting tube by placing cut-up pieces of rubber bands or bicycle inner tube in the bottom and flooding them with chloroform. After allowing the fluid to be soaked up and pouring the excess away, a layer of absorbent cotton wool is inserted, which is then covered with 1-2 layers of white blotting or filter paper. ISBN:9781402066658 A manually operated aspirator where the suction needed to move the arthropod into the capture chamber is generated through inhalation. COMMENT: The simplest and most widely used type of oral aspirator (also referred to as mouth aspirators or pooters) is made from a 30-45 cm length of 8-12 mm internal diameter plastic or glass tubing. A piece of mosquito netting is taped either directly over one end, or over a short piece of smaller diameter tubing, which is inserted into the end of the larger tubing. A 50 cm length of rubber or pliable plastic tubing is slipped over the end of the glass tubing, and a small section of plastic or glass tubing is inserted into the opposite end to form a mouth piece. Several mosquitoes can be sucked up into the aspirator before they are gently blown into a suitable storage container. Aspirators with reservoirs can be used to reduce the likelihood of mosquitoes escaping and to enable larger numbers to be collected before the aspirators need emptying. In these aspirators the collecting tube has to be removed before the adults can be extracted. leisen 2010-05-28T08:49:44Z VSMO:0001564 oral aspirator A manually operated aspirator where the suction needed to move the arthropod into the capture chamber is generated through inhalation. COMMENT: The simplest and most widely used type of oral aspirator (also referred to as mouth aspirators or pooters) is made from a 30-45 cm length of 8-12 mm internal diameter plastic or glass tubing. A piece of mosquito netting is taped either directly over one end, or over a short piece of smaller diameter tubing, which is inserted into the end of the larger tubing. A 50 cm length of rubber or pliable plastic tubing is slipped over the end of the glass tubing, and a small section of plastic or glass tubing is inserted into the opposite end to form a mouth piece. Several mosquitoes can be sucked up into the aspirator before they are gently blown into a suitable storage container. Aspirators with reservoirs can be used to reduce the likelihood of mosquitoes escaping and to enable larger numbers to be collected before the aspirators need emptying. In these aspirators the collecting tube has to be removed before the adults can be extracted. Add:Silver ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: A basic net trap with human bait can consist of a large net 10 ft long and both 7 ft wide and high with a 3-ft wide flap on each longer side which is rolled up to leave two entrances. A person enters the net around sunset and sleeps enclosed within a smaller protective net. Attracted vectors are then collected from within the net in the morning after the flaps are closed. The original design has undergone various modifications to suit specific purposes, especially with regards to the entrances by which mosquitoes enter the trap. Very often a single door like opening is used and sometimes one or more sides of the net are partly rolled up and pinned or tucked into place, or a horizontal slit made. Alternatively, the entire net can be raised a few inches from the ground to give access to hungry vectors. leisen 2010-05-29T08:25:55Z VSMO:0001565 net trap containing human bait Trap made from netting in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: A basic net trap with human bait can consist of a large net 10 ft long and both 7 ft wide and high with a 3-ft wide flap on each longer side which is rolled up to leave two entrances. A person enters the net around sunset and sleeps enclosed within a smaller protective net. Attracted vectors are then collected from within the net in the morning after the flaps are closed. The original design has undergone various modifications to suit specific purposes, especially with regards to the entrances by which mosquitoes enter the trap. Very often a single door like opening is used and sometimes one or more sides of the net are partly rolled up and pinned or tucked into place, or a horizontal slit made. Alternatively, the entire net can be raised a few inches from the ground to give access to hungry vectors. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Net traps have been widely used to collect vectors attracted to a variety of large animals including goats, sheep, cattle, horses etc. The simplest arrangement consists of positioning an ordinary single or double-sized mosquito net (or a larger piece of netting if needed for a larger animal) over a host and raising it a few cm from the ground to allow entry of host-seeking vectors. The animal typically is tethered to a pole or contained in a cage so as to not disturb the net. leisen 2010-05-29T08:45:37Z VSMO:0001566 net trap containing large non-human animal bait Trap made from netting in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Net traps have been widely used to collect vectors attracted to a variety of large animals including goats, sheep, cattle, horses etc. The simplest arrangement consists of positioning an ordinary single or double-sized mosquito net (or a larger piece of netting if needed for a larger animal) over a host and raising it a few cm from the ground to allow entry of host-seeking vectors. The animal typically is tethered to a pole or contained in a cage so as to not disturb the net. ISBN:9781402066658 Short indoor box-shaped black shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Edman. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a brown cardboard box measuring 45 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm. All surfaces are covered with black muslin cloth. leisen 2010-05-28T09:43:02Z VSMO:0001567 short indoor resting box of Edman Short indoor box-shaped black shelter for resting adult arthropods designed by Edman. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a brown cardboard box measuring 45 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm. All surfaces are covered with black muslin cloth. ISBN:9781402066658 Equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods, in the form of a net that can be used to collect adult flying arthropods as they are resting or moving. COMMENT: For active arthropod collection only (does not work in the absence of a human collector). leisen 2010-05-28T10:07:27Z VSMO:0001568 collection net for adults Equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods, in the form of a net that can be used to collect adult flying arthropods as they are resting or moving. COMMENT: For active arthropod collection only (does not work in the absence of a human collector). VSMO:Authors Trap made from netting in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods and a mechanical trapping device is used to minimize vector escape. leisen 2010-05-29T08:53:31Z VSMO:0001569 net trap containing human bait and mechanical powered trap Trap made from netting in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods and a mechanical trapping device is used to minimize vector escape. ISBN:9781402066658 Indoor box-shaped black shelter made from plywood for resting adult arthropods, designed by Yasuno. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a plywood box (50 x 30 x 28 cm) having one-half of the lid hinged and left partially open. The box is lined with black cloth and contains a sponge saturated with water to increase humidity. leisen 2010-05-28T09:54:19Z VSMO:0001570 indoor resting box of Yasuno Indoor box-shaped black shelter made from plywood for resting adult arthropods, designed by Yasuno. COMMENT: This resting box consists of a plywood box (50 x 30 x 28 cm) having one-half of the lid hinged and left partially open. The box is lined with black cloth and contains a sponge saturated with water to increase humidity. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting, designed by McCreadie, in which one head of cattle is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: For animals such as cattle McCreadie developed a larger tent-like trap, in which the animal is placed in a wooden pen surrounded on the ground by a rectangular frame (2.4 x 3.0 m) of 4.3 cm diameter galvanized steel piping. Three hoops, each consisting of two straight and one curved section, of 2.1 cm diameter piping are fixed to this framework to form a 2.1 m high arc over the enclosed bait. A fine plastic netting tent is made to have a 30 cm canvas lower border and three 8 cm wide canvas strips sewn into the netting to lie directly underneath each metal hoop. Brass eyes and 5 cm diameter metal rings are sewn into these strips so that the net-tent is fixed to a series of rings which surround the three hoops arising from the basal metal frame. In operation the tent is collapsed on the ground along one side of the bait animal, then after a 10 min exposure period two collectors walk to the trap and rapidly pull the tent up and over the three metal hoops to enclose the animal and mosquitoes attacking it. A zipper sewn into one end of the tent allows a collector to enter and remove the catch with aspirators. leisen 2010-05-30T08:17:40Z VSMO:0001571 net trap of McCreadie Trap made from netting, designed by McCreadie, in which one head of cattle is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: For animals such as cattle McCreadie developed a larger tent-like trap, in which the animal is placed in a wooden pen surrounded on the ground by a rectangular frame (2.4 x 3.0 m) of 4.3 cm diameter galvanized steel piping. Three hoops, each consisting of two straight and one curved section, of 2.1 cm diameter piping are fixed to this framework to form a 2.1 m high arc over the enclosed bait. A fine plastic netting tent is made to have a 30 cm canvas lower border and three 8 cm wide canvas strips sewn into the netting to lie directly underneath each metal hoop. Brass eyes and 5 cm diameter metal rings are sewn into these strips so that the net-tent is fixed to a series of rings which surround the three hoops arising from the basal metal frame. In operation the tent is collapsed on the ground along one side of the bait animal, then after a 10 min exposure period two collectors walk to the trap and rapidly pull the tent up and over the three metal hoops to enclose the animal and mosquitoes attacking it. A zipper sewn into one end of the tent allows a collector to enter and remove the catch with aspirators. ISBN:9781402066658 Pyramid-shaped trap, designated the Mbita trap, made from netting in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The Mbita trap consists of a pyramidal net 200 cm long by 111 cm wide and approximately 200 cm high at the apex made from white cotton cloth. At the apex of the net, a funnel 30 cm tall, with a 60 cm diameter upper opening narrowing to a 5 cm diameter lower opening and manufactured from 156 mesh polyester netting is affixed. 70 cm below the upper end of the funnel a horizontal panel of polyester netting is fitted to the inside of the net, creating a barrier between the human sleeping in the net and the vectors entering through the funnel. The horizontal netting panel has a hole in the center, to which a collecting bag is attached. leisen 2010-05-29T09:01:30Z VSMO:0001572 Mbita trap Pyramid-shaped trap, designated the Mbita trap, made from netting in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The Mbita trap consists of a pyramidal net 200 cm long by 111 cm wide and approximately 200 cm high at the apex made from white cotton cloth. At the apex of the net, a funnel 30 cm tall, with a 60 cm diameter upper opening narrowing to a 5 cm diameter lower opening and manufactured from 156 mesh polyester netting is affixed. 70 cm below the upper end of the funnel a horizontal panel of polyester netting is fitted to the inside of the net, creating a barrier between the human sleeping in the net and the vectors entering through the funnel. The horizontal netting panel has a hole in the center, to which a collecting bag is attached. ISBN:9781402066658 Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by the WHO, which is fitted to a window of a building (or a hole made in the wall) and captures arthropods as they attempt to or exit the window (or hole). COMMENT: As a modification of the Muirhead-Thomson exit trap, WHO recommended a rectangular prism-shaped trap about 1-2 m long, 35 cm deep and 40-50 cm high, with a long horizontal slit. One or more such traps can be inserted into the wall(s) of a building. leisen 2010-05-29T09:23:43Z VSMO:0001573 WHO rectangular prism-shaped trap Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by the WHO, which is fitted to a window of a building (or a hole made in the wall) and captures arthropods as they attempt to or exit the window (or hole). COMMENT: As a modification of the Muirhead-Thomson exit trap, WHO recommended a rectangular prism-shaped trap about 1-2 m long, 35 cm deep and 40-50 cm high, with a long horizontal slit. One or more such traps can be inserted into the wall(s) of a building. ISBN:9781402066658 Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Rachou, which is fitted to a window of a building and captures arthropods as they attempt to or exit the window. COMMENT: Rachou considered that any kind of restrictive entrance to an exit trap, whether a slit-like baffle or lobster-type funnel, probably hindered the entry of mosquitoes. Consequently, an exit cage without any kind of one-way entrance was used. At short intervals a partition was slid across the window cage to enclose the catch and enable the cage to be removed and another inserted. It was thought that if the cage was frequently changed very few mosquitoes would escape by flying back into the hut. Although such an exit trap providing unimpeded entry may catch more mosquitoes than one with a restrictive entrance, the necessity of regularly replacing the cages and removing the catch involves considerable manpower. leisen 2010-05-29T09:31:30Z VSMO:0001574 Rachou window trap Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Rachou, which is fitted to a window of a building and captures arthropods as they attempt to or exit the window. COMMENT: Rachou considered that any kind of restrictive entrance to an exit trap, whether a slit-like baffle or lobster-type funnel, probably hindered the entry of mosquitoes. Consequently, an exit cage without any kind of one-way entrance was used. At short intervals a partition was slid across the window cage to enclose the catch and enable the cage to be removed and another inserted. It was thought that if the cage was frequently changed very few mosquitoes would escape by flying back into the hut. Although such an exit trap providing unimpeded entry may catch more mosquitoes than one with a restrictive entrance, the necessity of regularly replacing the cages and removing the catch involves considerable manpower. ISBN:9781402066658 Non-powered collapsible trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Shidrawi, which is fitted to a window of a building and captures arthropods as they attempt to enter and/or exit the window. COMMENT: Because of their bulkiness window traps are difficult to transport in large numbers to the field. To try to overcome these difficulties Shidrawi described a collapsible window trap. This consists of two lengths of 3 mm thick wire rods bent and soldered to form two rectangular frames (55 x 40 cm). These are joined together at the corners by four lengths (Nos. 1-4) of 40 cm wire which are fixed into bushes welded or screwed on to the rectangular frames. Four similar rods (Nos. 5-8) are fixed between the framework 15 cm from the top to divide the trap into a small upper (40 x 15 cm) and a large lower (40 x 40 cm) section. The floor of the upper section is divided about 24 cm from its front by two horizontal rods having about a 2 cm gap between them. A mosquito netting and cloth cage made to fit the shape of the trap is suspended within the frame-work by tapes. A ramp of mosquito netting is made to stretch from the bottom edge of the cage to the posterior wire rod. A rectangular piece of dark cloth covers the floor of the upper section from the front to the first rod. Mosquitoes entering the lower half of the trap are guided up the ramp through the narrow slit between the two rods into the upper section and lower section behind the ramp. Triangular pieces of dark cloth are used for the sides of the entrance. leisen 2010-05-29T09:33:32Z VSMO:0001575 collapsible window trap of Shidrawi Non-powered collapsible trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Shidrawi, which is fitted to a window of a building and captures arthropods as they attempt to enter and/or exit the window. COMMENT: Because of their bulkiness window traps are difficult to transport in large numbers to the field. To try to overcome these difficulties Shidrawi described a collapsible window trap. This consists of two lengths of 3 mm thick wire rods bent and soldered to form two rectangular frames (55 x 40 cm). These are joined together at the corners by four lengths (Nos. 1-4) of 40 cm wire which are fixed into bushes welded or screwed on to the rectangular frames. Four similar rods (Nos. 5-8) are fixed between the framework 15 cm from the top to divide the trap into a small upper (40 x 15 cm) and a large lower (40 x 40 cm) section. The floor of the upper section is divided about 24 cm from its front by two horizontal rods having about a 2 cm gap between them. A mosquito netting and cloth cage made to fit the shape of the trap is suspended within the frame-work by tapes. A ramp of mosquito netting is made to stretch from the bottom edge of the cage to the posterior wire rod. A rectangular piece of dark cloth covers the floor of the upper section from the front to the first rod. Mosquitoes entering the lower half of the trap are guided up the ramp through the narrow slit between the two rods into the upper section and lower section behind the ramp. Triangular pieces of dark cloth are used for the sides of the entrance. ISBN:9781402066658 Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Smith, which encloses a veranda and captures arthropods that enter the veranda area. COMMENT: Although window traps are very useful in catching mosquitoes which are attracted by light entering windows at dawn, they trap only a relatively small proportion of such mosquitoes, and moreover not all species are attracted by early morning sunlight or enter through the window. To overcome this problem, Smith developed a veranda trap. This is made by extending the thatch roof beyond the four walls of a square or rectangular building to form a roof over a veranda, which is enclosed on two sides by mesh screening. Mosquitoes enter the hut through the eaves of the two walls having unscreened verandas. leisen 2010-05-29T09:38:34Z VSMO:0001576 veranda trap Non-powered trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Smith, which encloses a veranda and captures arthropods that enter the veranda area. COMMENT: Although window traps are very useful in catching mosquitoes which are attracted by light entering windows at dawn, they trap only a relatively small proportion of such mosquitoes, and moreover not all species are attracted by early morning sunlight or enter through the window. To overcome this problem, Smith developed a veranda trap. This is made by extending the thatch roof beyond the four walls of a square or rectangular building to form a roof over a veranda, which is enclosed on two sides by mesh screening. Mosquitoes enter the hut through the eaves of the two walls having unscreened verandas. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting, designed by Wright and DeFoliart, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Wright and DeFoliart used a modified Gatertype bed-net made of saran cloth which is supported at each corner by wooden stakes and measures 6 ft in length, width and height. A heavy duty nylon zipper is sewn into one side and after the large animal bait is introduced this is opened to about three-quarters of the distance to the top, and the flaps tied back to leave an opening about one-third of the total area of one side. leisen 2010-05-29T10:08:28Z VSMO:0001577 net trap of Wright and DeFoliart Trap made from netting, designed by Wright and DeFoliart, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Wright and DeFoliart used a modified Gatertype bed-net made of saran cloth which is supported at each corner by wooden stakes and measures 6 ft in length, width and height. A heavy duty nylon zipper is sewn into one side and after the large animal bait is introduced this is opened to about three-quarters of the distance to the top, and the flaps tied back to leave an opening about one-third of the total area of one side. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting, designed by Shannon, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The net trap of Shannon consists of a large central compartment, which in the original design was 130 cm wide, 200 cm high and 300 cm long, and two identical smaller lateral compartments, each 60 cm wide, 300 cm long but only 135 cm deep, thus leaving a 65 cm gap along the bottom. The tops and ends of all compartments were made of strong white muslin cloth, while the lateral panels of the central and two outer compartments were of mosquito netting. In addition, a small window of mosquito netting, 130 cm wide and 50 cm high, was inserted into one of the end panels about 25 cm from the top. A bait animal, usually confined to a pen or cage, is placed in the middle compartment, the lower edges of which are secured to the ground to prevent mosquitoes from entering it. Mosquitoes are collected from the two outer compartments. Shannon-type nets made completely of cotton sheeting and with shorter side compartments are often used. leisen 2010-05-29T10:08:28Z VSMO:0001578 net trap of Shannon Trap made from netting, designed by Shannon, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The net trap of Shannon consists of a large central compartment, which in the original design was 130 cm wide, 200 cm high and 300 cm long, and two identical smaller lateral compartments, each 60 cm wide, 300 cm long but only 135 cm deep, thus leaving a 65 cm gap along the bottom. The tops and ends of all compartments were made of strong white muslin cloth, while the lateral panels of the central and two outer compartments were of mosquito netting. In addition, a small window of mosquito netting, 130 cm wide and 50 cm high, was inserted into one of the end panels about 25 cm from the top. A bait animal, usually confined to a pen or cage, is placed in the middle compartment, the lower edges of which are secured to the ground to prevent mosquitoes from entering it. Mosquitoes are collected from the two outer compartments. Shannon-type nets made completely of cotton sheeting and with shorter side compartments are often used. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting, designed by Mpofu and Masendu, in which an ox is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Mpofu and Masendu developed an ox-baited trap that is essentially a modified mosquito net. It consists of a framework of light metal tubing to form a tent-like structure that is covered with either mosquito netting or a khaki lightweight canvas. For extra stability guy ropes can be fitted to the four corners of the trap. One of the smaller ends has a vertical slit in the netting, or canvas, to allow the bait and collectors to enter. A gap (measurements not given, but probably about 25 cm) is left between the bottom of the net or canvas and the ground for entry of host-seeking vectors. leisen 2010-05-29T10:08:28Z VSMO:0001579 net trap of Mpofu and Masendu Trap made from netting, designed by Mpofu and Masendu, in which an ox is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Mpofu and Masendu developed an ox-baited trap that is essentially a modified mosquito net. It consists of a framework of light metal tubing to form a tent-like structure that is covered with either mosquito netting or a khaki lightweight canvas. For extra stability guy ropes can be fitted to the four corners of the trap. One of the smaller ends has a vertical slit in the netting, or canvas, to allow the bait and collectors to enter. A gap (measurements not given, but probably about 25 cm) is left between the bottom of the net or canvas and the ground for entry of host-seeking vectors. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a stable in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Stable traps were introduced later than net traps, and have mainly been used in the Americas. They were originally used to catch mosquitoes attracted to equines and bovids, but have since been baited with man, a wide variety of mammals, birds and even cold-blooded vertebrates. They are heavier and more permanent structures than net traps but lightweight models can be made, which are readily dismantled and easily transported. leisen 2010-05-29T10:18:52Z VSMO:0001580 stable trap containing large non-human animal bait Trap in the form of a stable in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Stable traps were introduced later than net traps, and have mainly been used in the Americas. They were originally used to catch mosquitoes attracted to equines and bovids, but have since been baited with man, a wide variety of mammals, birds and even cold-blooded vertebrates. They are heavier and more permanent structures than net traps but lightweight models can be made, which are readily dismantled and easily transported. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Bates, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The stable trap of Bates (also called the Egyptian trap) differs from the stable trap of Magoon primarlily in the design of the entrance slit. Unlike the original Magoon trap entrance slits were incorporated only in the two longer sides and not in the ends. The standard size measures 2 m long, 1 m wide and 1.75 m high; placed on a concrete base. A transparent roof is placed on the trap but this has not generally been used by later workers. The upper part of the entrance baffle consists of a 20 cm wide length of wood set at right angles to the side of the trap. The lower section of the baffle is 44 cm wide and is positioned 38 cm below and slopes upwards to leave a vertical 2 cm opening between the upper and lower lengths of wood. leisen 2010-05-29T10:28:06Z VSMO:0001581 stable trap of Bates Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Bates, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The stable trap of Bates (also called the Egyptian trap) differs from the stable trap of Magoon primarlily in the design of the entrance slit. Unlike the original Magoon trap entrance slits were incorporated only in the two longer sides and not in the ends. The standard size measures 2 m long, 1 m wide and 1.75 m high; placed on a concrete base. A transparent roof is placed on the trap but this has not generally been used by later workers. The upper part of the entrance baffle consists of a 20 cm wide length of wood set at right angles to the side of the trap. The lower section of the baffle is 44 cm wide and is positioned 38 cm below and slopes upwards to leave a vertical 2 cm opening between the upper and lower lengths of wood. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting, designed by Fletcher, in which a horse is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Fletcher preferred to collect biting insects from a horse-baited trap, which used the same principles as the one designed by McCreadie. Namely, the bait (horse) is restricted in a wooden stanchion surrounded by a wooden frame (4 x 10 ft and 7.5 ft high). The upper and lower parts of the frame are covered with 40 mesh plastic screening, except that the upper 30 cm is covered with clear polythene sheeting and contains on each long side three collecting holes (6 x 8 inches) with lengths of stockinette. The edges of the two long sides of the trap (left and right) are sealed with plastic foam weather stripping and when erected over the horse are held in position by elastic straps. Each side of the trap is hinged to a base frame of wooden boards (2 x 8 inches and 6 ft long) thus allowing the two sides to be opened to expose the horse and when required raised and closed. The roof slopes down towards the middle to form a V-shape, this causes the entrapped mosquitoes to gather along the upper edges of the trap and facilitates their removal, when aspirators are inserted through the entrance ports. For ease of construction the trap is made in sections. The upper part is divided into two sections while the lower part comprises four L-shaped sections. The horse is exposed to biting flies for about 15 min and is then enclosed within the trap, and after allowing 30 min for entrapped vectors to feed they are collected. Although most biting flies fly to the top of the trap and are readily collected, blood-engorged mosquitoes tend to rest on the sides so additional collection holes should be made along the middle of the trap and at the two ends. leisen 2010-05-30T08:21:35Z VSMO:0001582 net trap of Fletcher Trap made from netting, designed by Fletcher, in which a horse is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Fletcher preferred to collect biting insects from a horse-baited trap, which used the same principles as the one designed by McCreadie. Namely, the bait (horse) is restricted in a wooden stanchion surrounded by a wooden frame (4 x 10 ft and 7.5 ft high). The upper and lower parts of the frame are covered with 40 mesh plastic screening, except that the upper 30 cm is covered with clear polythene sheeting and contains on each long side three collecting holes (6 x 8 inches) with lengths of stockinette. The edges of the two long sides of the trap (left and right) are sealed with plastic foam weather stripping and when erected over the horse are held in position by elastic straps. Each side of the trap is hinged to a base frame of wooden boards (2 x 8 inches and 6 ft long) thus allowing the two sides to be opened to expose the horse and when required raised and closed. The roof slopes down towards the middle to form a V-shape, this causes the entrapped mosquitoes to gather along the upper edges of the trap and facilitates their removal, when aspirators are inserted through the entrance ports. For ease of construction the trap is made in sections. The upper part is divided into two sections while the lower part comprises four L-shaped sections. The horse is exposed to biting flies for about 15 min and is then enclosed within the trap, and after allowing 30 min for entrapped vectors to feed they are collected. Although most biting flies fly to the top of the trap and are readily collected, blood-engorged mosquitoes tend to rest on the sides so additional collection holes should be made along the middle of the trap and at the two ends. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Magoon, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The stable trap of Magoon has a base measuring about 3.5 x 6.5 ft, with one of the two longer upright sides about 7 ft high joined by a sloping and waterproof roof to the opposite vertical side which is about 5.5 ft high. When animals such as donkeys and calves are used there is no need for a floor, but unless animals such as pigs and rodents are enclosed within a cage, a floor may be necessary to prevent them from burrowing and escaping. A door is fitted at one end of the trap, and another may be fitted at the opposite end so that larger animals can be removed without turning them round. Apart from the roof as much as possible of the trap should be made of plastic or wire mesh mosquito gauze to allow bait odors to escape, but the lower half usually has to be made of stout plywood or sheet metal on a wooden frame, to prevent the animals from kicking it to pieces. Mosquitoes enter the trap through a horizontal entrance slit placed about halfway up the trap. This entrance slit may extend completely round the trap, or be confined to the two longer sides. The construction of the slit is the most critical part in building the trap. It is usually made from 4 inch wooden planks placed to form a V-shaped trough with a 6-8 inches wide opening to the outside converging to leave a 3/4 to 1 inch slit-like opening in the trap. The walls of the trap above the entrance baffle are made of mosquito gauze and those below of wood. It is often convenient to make the trap demountable with the various sections fixed into position with bolts and wing nuts, enabling it to be readily transported to different sites. Strips of plastic foam stuck along the edges of the different sections eliminate gaps through which the vectors might escape. leisen 2010-05-29T10:28:06Z VSMO:0001583 stable trap of Magoon Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Magoon, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The stable trap of Magoon has a base measuring about 3.5 x 6.5 ft, with one of the two longer upright sides about 7 ft high joined by a sloping and waterproof roof to the opposite vertical side which is about 5.5 ft high. When animals such as donkeys and calves are used there is no need for a floor, but unless animals such as pigs and rodents are enclosed within a cage, a floor may be necessary to prevent them from burrowing and escaping. A door is fitted at one end of the trap, and another may be fitted at the opposite end so that larger animals can be removed without turning them round. Apart from the roof as much as possible of the trap should be made of plastic or wire mesh mosquito gauze to allow bait odors to escape, but the lower half usually has to be made of stout plywood or sheet metal on a wooden frame, to prevent the animals from kicking it to pieces. Mosquitoes enter the trap through a horizontal entrance slit placed about halfway up the trap. This entrance slit may extend completely round the trap, or be confined to the two longer sides. The construction of the slit is the most critical part in building the trap. It is usually made from 4 inch wooden planks placed to form a V-shaped trough with a 6-8 inches wide opening to the outside converging to leave a 3/4 to 1 inch slit-like opening in the trap. The walls of the trap above the entrance baffle are made of mosquito gauze and those below of wood. It is often convenient to make the trap demountable with the various sections fixed into position with bolts and wing nuts, enabling it to be readily transported to different sites. Strips of plastic foam stuck along the edges of the different sections eliminate gaps through which the vectors might escape. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Roberts, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Roberts designed a modified Magoon-type trap which had better air circulation thus enabling bait odors to disseminate more efficiently from the trap. Another feature of the trap was that mosquitoes could enter it at several heights. The trap consists of a wooden framework, 7 ft long, 5 ft wide, 6 ft high, with a flat roof and a door at one end. The bait animal is confined in a stanchion to keep it in the center and prevent it from damaging the trap. About the top 1 ft of all sides and door are covered with polythene sheeting, while the rest of the door and sections in between the baffles are covered with fine copper wire mesh screen. The Magoon-type horizontal baffles are built into the two long sides of the trap at ground level and at heights of 2 and 4.5 ft. There are no baffle entrances in the end sections. leisen 2010-05-29T10:28:06Z VSMO:0001584 stable trap of Roberts Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Roberts, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Roberts designed a modified Magoon-type trap which had better air circulation thus enabling bait odors to disseminate more efficiently from the trap. Another feature of the trap was that mosquitoes could enter it at several heights. The trap consists of a wooden framework, 7 ft long, 5 ft wide, 6 ft high, with a flat roof and a door at one end. The bait animal is confined in a stanchion to keep it in the center and prevent it from damaging the trap. About the top 1 ft of all sides and door are covered with polythene sheeting, while the rest of the door and sections in between the baffles are covered with fine copper wire mesh screen. The Magoon-type horizontal baffles are built into the two long sides of the trap at ground level and at heights of 2 and 4.5 ft. There are no baffle entrances in the end sections. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Russell, in which a calf is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The stable trap of Russell (or Russell's calf-baited hut) consists of a small hut, 7 ft high, 6 ft long and 5 ft wide, built from a framework of Casuarina scantlings covered with palm matting. A thatched sloping roof reached to the ground on both long sides, and both ends were also covered with thatch. A doorway (2.5 x 1.5 ft) was left at one end for the entry of vectors and a bamboo gate was fixed across this entrance to prevent predators from entering. Two strips of dark cloth were suspended from the roof to provide additional resting places for mosquitoes, which were collected by aspirators after a canvas curtain had been pulled across the doorway. Hut dimensions were 3 m x 3 m x 3 m and were constructed from coconut thatch. A gap of 6cm was left at the bottom of the walls to allow mosquitoes to enter. leisen 2010-05-29T10:28:06Z VSMO:0001585 stable trap of Russell Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Russell, in which a calf is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The stable trap of Russell (or Russell's calf-baited hut) consists of a small hut, 7 ft high, 6 ft long and 5 ft wide, built from a framework of Casuarina scantlings covered with palm matting. A thatched sloping roof reached to the ground on both long sides, and both ends were also covered with thatch. A doorway (2.5 x 1.5 ft) was left at one end for the entry of vectors and a bamboo gate was fixed across this entrance to prevent predators from entering. Two strips of dark cloth were suspended from the roof to provide additional resting places for mosquitoes, which were collected by aspirators after a canvas curtain had been pulled across the doorway. Hut dimensions were 3 m x 3 m x 3 m and were constructed from coconut thatch. A gap of 6cm was left at the bottom of the walls to allow mosquitoes to enter. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Shannon, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Although referred to as a stable trap it is really a hybrid between a stable trap and an experimental hut containing a window-type exit trap. It consists of two parts, a wooden stable and a dawn trap. The stable has specially constructed light proof overhanging eaves which leave a 6 inch gap on three sides of the stable, through which mosquitoes can enter to feed on the bait animal. A close fitting door is provided to the stable which is dark inside, and may be painted black. The wooden dawn trap which measures about 3.5 x 3.5 ft and 5 ft high is painted white inside except for the rear wall which is made of mosquito screening. It is fitted to the wall of the stable that faces the rising sun. Mosquitoes that have entered the stable at night to feed on the bait are attracted to the light coming from the dawn trap. They consequently fly though the 30 inch wide opening of a screen mesh baffle fitted into the rear wall of the stable and pass through a 1 1/2 inch wide longitudinal slit into the dawn trap. leisen 2010-05-29T10:28:06Z dawn trap VSMO:0001586 stable trap of Shannon Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Shannon, in which a large animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Although referred to as a stable trap it is really a hybrid between a stable trap and an experimental hut containing a window-type exit trap. It consists of two parts, a wooden stable and a dawn trap. The stable has specially constructed light proof overhanging eaves which leave a 6 inch gap on three sides of the stable, through which mosquitoes can enter to feed on the bait animal. A close fitting door is provided to the stable which is dark inside, and may be painted black. The wooden dawn trap which measures about 3.5 x 3.5 ft and 5 ft high is painted white inside except for the rear wall which is made of mosquito screening. It is fitted to the wall of the stable that faces the rising sun. Mosquitoes that have entered the stable at night to feed on the bait are attracted to the light coming from the dawn trap. They consequently fly though the 30 inch wide opening of a screen mesh baffle fitted into the rear wall of the stable and pass through a 1 1/2 inch wide longitudinal slit into the dawn trap. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Wright and DeFoliart, in which a small animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Wright and DeFoliart constructed two sizes of small Magoon-type traps which were baited with squirrels, rodents, reptiles and amphibians. The smaller size trap consisted of an 18 x 20 x 20 inch wooden framework with the top and bottom made of 3/8 inch plywood, and all four sides, but excluding the door (11 x 11 1/2 inches), covered with 52 inch mesh natural color saran screening. A 4 inch wide V-shaped plywood baffle leaving a 3/4 inch entrance slit was placed 4 inches from the top of the trap and extended the entire length of all four sides. The larger type of trap was similar in design except that it was 27 inches long, and the door measured 12 x 13 inches. leisen 2010-05-29T10:28:06Z VSMO:0001587 stable trap of Wright and DeFoliart Trap in the form of a stable, designed by Wright and DeFoliart, in which a small animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Wright and DeFoliart constructed two sizes of small Magoon-type traps which were baited with squirrels, rodents, reptiles and amphibians. The smaller size trap consisted of an 18 x 20 x 20 inch wooden framework with the top and bottom made of 3/8 inch plywood, and all four sides, but excluding the door (11 x 11 1/2 inches), covered with 52 inch mesh natural color saran screening. A 4 inch wide V-shaped plywood baffle leaving a 3/4 inch entrance slit was placed 4 inches from the top of the trap and extended the entire length of all four sides. The larger type of trap was similar in design except that it was 27 inches long, and the door measured 12 x 13 inches. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting, designed by Shemanchuk, in which one head of cattle is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: In this trap the bait animal (100-450 kg steer or heifer) is closely confined in a metal stanchion bolted to a plywood white-painted floor and surrounded by a wooden framework (170 x 245 cm and 180 cm tall). Nylon screening is permanently fixed to the roof but fixed to the sides with Velcro, so that it could be folded back onto the roof to fully expose the bait but quickly pulled down to enclose the animal and flies biting it. leisen 2010-05-30T08:25:19Z VSMO:0001588 net trap of Shemanchuk Trap made from netting, designed by Shemanchuk, in which one head of cattle is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: In this trap the bait animal (100-450 kg steer or heifer) is closely confined in a metal stanchion bolted to a plywood white-painted floor and surrounded by a wooden framework (170 x 245 cm and 180 cm tall). Nylon screening is permanently fixed to the roof but fixed to the sides with Velcro, so that it could be folded back onto the roof to fully expose the bait but quickly pulled down to enclose the animal and flies biting it. ISBN:9781402066658 Readily movable trap made from netting, in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. leisen 2010-05-30T08:27:57Z VSMO:0001589 portable net trap containing large non-human animal bait Readily movable trap made from netting, in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. VSMO:Authors Readily movable trap made from netting, designed by Mitchell, in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The portable net trap of Mitchell is quite large (360 x 360 cm, 210 cm tall) and comprises stitched panels of nylon tulle suspended by ropes tied to the four corners and to trees or some other suitable supports. The bait animal is introduced through a 1-m wide door flap made in the middle of one side, and then secured to a stake. The ropes are pulled to raise the trap 30-46 cm from the ground. The following morning the trap is lowered to touch the ground and the bait removed, after which vectors are collected. leisen 2010-05-30T08:29:09Z VSMO:0001590 portable net trap of Mitchell Readily movable trap made from netting, designed by Mitchell, in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The portable net trap of Mitchell is quite large (360 x 360 cm, 210 cm tall) and comprises stitched panels of nylon tulle suspended by ropes tied to the four corners and to trees or some other suitable supports. The bait animal is introduced through a 1-m wide door flap made in the middle of one side, and then secured to a stake. The ropes are pulled to raise the trap 30-46 cm from the ground. The following morning the trap is lowered to touch the ground and the bait removed, after which vectors are collected. ISBN:9781402066658 Readily movable trap made from netting, designed by Wilton, in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Wilton considered that the usefulness of this portable trap of Mitchell was limited because it was not self-supporting, but had to be suspended by ropes from nearby trees. To overcome this Wilton modified two commercially available portable summer screen rooms normally used to provide insect-proof living facilities out of doors. The smaller screen room measured 3.6 x 3.6 x 2.2 m and weighed about 14 kg, the larger room was 3.0 x 4.2 x 2.3 m and weighed some 15.8 kg . All four sides were made of mesh screen and were supported by tubular metal frames, the rooms had a nylon zipper entrance. To convert them to vector traps two 41 cm vertical slits were cut at the bottom of all four corners to enable the sides to be raised 20 30 cm above the ground and secured by spring clips for entry of vectors. leisen 2010-05-30T08:31:06Z VSMO:0001591 portable net trap of Wilton Readily movable trap made from netting, designed by Wilton, in which a large non-human animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Wilton considered that the usefulness of this portable trap of Mitchell was limited because it was not self-supporting, but had to be suspended by ropes from nearby trees. To overcome this Wilton modified two commercially available portable summer screen rooms normally used to provide insect-proof living facilities out of doors. The smaller screen room measured 3.6 x 3.6 x 2.2 m and weighed about 14 kg, the larger room was 3.0 x 4.2 x 2.3 m and weighed some 15.8 kg . All four sides were made of mesh screen and were supported by tubular metal frames, the rooms had a nylon zipper entrance. To convert them to vector traps two 41 cm vertical slits were cut at the bottom of all four corners to enable the sides to be raised 20 30 cm above the ground and secured by spring clips for entry of vectors. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. leisen 2010-05-30T08:35:31Z VSMO:0001592 trap containing dog bait Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. VSMO:Authors Trap made from netting, in which a small animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Net traps have been widely used to collect vectors attracted to a variety of small animals including chickens, rabbits and monkeys. The simplest arrangement consists of positioning an ordinary single or double-sized mosquito net over a host and raising it a few cm from the ground to allow entry of host-seeking vectors. The animal typically is contained in a cage so as to not disturb the net. As one example, Wharton used net traps baited with monkeys to collect mosquito vectors. The monkeys were kept in a small cage covered with chicken wire, which did not prevent the mosquitoes from feeding on them. Small nets measuring 4 x 3 x 3 ft, having a 14 inch wide 3 ft high opening on either side held two monkeys and larger nets measuring 6 x 5 x 4 ft with two 22 inch wide and 4 ft high openings were used to hold four monkeys. The traps were positioned either at ground level or at various heights in trees, and mosquitoes collected from them every 1-2 h throughout the night. leisen 2010-05-30T08:46:59Z VSMO:0001593 net trap containing small non-human animal bait Trap made from netting, in which a small animal is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Net traps have been widely used to collect vectors attracted to a variety of small animals including chickens, rabbits and monkeys. The simplest arrangement consists of positioning an ordinary single or double-sized mosquito net over a host and raising it a few cm from the ground to allow entry of host-seeking vectors. The animal typically is contained in a cage so as to not disturb the net. As one example, Wharton used net traps baited with monkeys to collect mosquito vectors. The monkeys were kept in a small cage covered with chicken wire, which did not prevent the mosquitoes from feeding on them. Small nets measuring 4 x 3 x 3 ft, having a 14 inch wide 3 ft high opening on either side held two monkeys and larger nets measuring 6 x 5 x 4 ft with two 22 inch wide and 4 ft high openings were used to hold four monkeys. The traps were positioned either at ground level or at various heights in trees, and mosquitoes collected from them every 1-2 h throughout the night. VSMO:Authors Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a large non-human animal bait is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Large non-human animals used as bait include goats, sheep, cattle, horses, deer etc. leisen 2010-05-30T08:48:27Z VSMO:0001594 trap containing large non-human animal bait Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a large non-human animal bait is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Large non-human animals used as bait include goats, sheep, cattle, horses, deer etc. VSMO:Authors Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a small non-human animal bait is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Small non-human animals used as bait include chickens and other birds, rabbits, rodents, and dogs. leisen 2010-05-30T08:50:25Z VSMO:0001595 trap containing small non-human animal bait Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which a small non-human animal bait is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Small non-human animals used as bait include chickens and other birds, rabbits, rodents, and dogs. VSMO:Authors Small trap in the form of a stable for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which rabbits are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: A miniature Magoon trap for rabbits has been developed. The roof, door, upper and lower sides are constructed separately from mitred aluminum screen molding. The base of the trap measures 60 x 60 x 56 cm, while the panels are formed of plastic mesh screening held together by four vertical angle-iron corner supports. Four triangular pieces of mesh screening stitched together and fitted within an aluminum frame forms the roof (60 x 60 x 50 cm high). A hook and four lines support the configuration of the roof. leisen 2010-05-30T08:53:36Z VSMO:0001596 miniature Magoon stable trap for rabbits Small trap in the form of a stable for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which rabbits are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: A miniature Magoon trap for rabbits has been developed. The roof, door, upper and lower sides are constructed separately from mitred aluminum screen molding. The base of the trap measures 60 x 60 x 56 cm, while the panels are formed of plastic mesh screening held together by four vertical angle-iron corner supports. Four triangular pieces of mesh screening stitched together and fitted within an aluminum frame forms the roof (60 x 60 x 50 cm high). A hook and four lines support the configuration of the roof. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Bemrick and Sandholm, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Bemrick and Sandholm constructed a modified Magoon trap for dog bait, in which the plywood sides (6 x 5 and 5 x 5 ft) were made in two sections to make the trap more portable. A V-shaped baffle with a 3/4 inch slit opening extended completely round the trap at a height of 28 inches from the ground. Vectors caught in the traps were removed by the collector entering the trap through a door at one end. leisen 2010-05-30T09:07:40Z VSMO:0001597 dog-baited trap of Bemrick and Sandholm Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Bemrick and Sandholm, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Bemrick and Sandholm constructed a modified Magoon trap for dog bait, in which the plywood sides (6 x 5 and 5 x 5 ft) were made in two sections to make the trap more portable. A V-shaped baffle with a 3/4 inch slit opening extended completely round the trap at a height of 28 inches from the ground. Vectors caught in the traps were removed by the collector entering the trap through a door at one end. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Villavaso and Steelman, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: A portable dog-baited trap was made by Villavaso and Steelman. This measures 36 inches wide, 46 inches long and 30 inches high, but when dismantled and the sections stacked on top of each other was only 24 x 30 x 36 inches. The basic design is that the dog is confined in a centrally placed compartment, about 38 inches long and 30 inches in width and height. Two removable mosquito collecting boxes (30 x 36 inches and 8 inches deep) forms the two long sides of the trap. The outside panel of each collecting box is made of 16 inch mesh screen wire incorporating two 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide longitudinal entry baffles fitted at 10 and 20 inches from the base of the trap. The inner wall of each box is covered with 16 mesh screening protected by a layer of 1/2 inch wire mesh to prevent the dog tearing the screening. Vector entering the two collecting boxes through the horizontal openings are prevented by the mesh screening from feeding on the dogs and are collected by inserting aspirators through 1 inch square openings cut in the outside mesh screening. leisen 2010-05-30T09:09:22Z VSMO:0001598 dog-baited trap of Villavaso and Steelman Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Villavaso and Steelman, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: A portable dog-baited trap was made by Villavaso and Steelman. This measures 36 inches wide, 46 inches long and 30 inches high, but when dismantled and the sections stacked on top of each other was only 24 x 30 x 36 inches. The basic design is that the dog is confined in a centrally placed compartment, about 38 inches long and 30 inches in width and height. Two removable mosquito collecting boxes (30 x 36 inches and 8 inches deep) forms the two long sides of the trap. The outside panel of each collecting box is made of 16 inch mesh screen wire incorporating two 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide longitudinal entry baffles fitted at 10 and 20 inches from the base of the trap. The inner wall of each box is covered with 16 mesh screening protected by a layer of 1/2 inch wire mesh to prevent the dog tearing the screening. Vector entering the two collecting boxes through the horizontal openings are prevented by the mesh screening from feeding on the dogs and are collected by inserting aspirators through 1 inch square openings cut in the outside mesh screening. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Lewandowski, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Lewandowski constructed a special lightweight wooden dog-baited trap, having louvres of the Bates-type mounted on two opposite sides. leisen 2010-05-30T09:13:27Z VSMO:0001599 dog-baited trap of Lewandowski Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Lewandowski, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Lewandowski constructed a special lightweight wooden dog-baited trap, having louvres of the Bates-type mounted on two opposite sides. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Klowden and Lea, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: In the dog-baited kennel trap of Klowden and Lea, an inner restraining cage (69 cm long, 41 cm wide and 53 cm high) made from 2.54 mesh wire has a removable top which when in place was fixed by ties of insulated copper wire. The holding cage is placed inside an outer cage 91 cm long, 61 cm wide and 61 cm high having a plywood floor and 0.14 cm mesh screen sides. Two sheets of 97 to 61 cm plexiglas taped together and supported on wooden stakes forms a sloping roof over the cage. The ends of the outer cage has sleeves made from plastic dustbin bags with their ends removed for replacement of the inner cage. Vectors enter either through a 2 cm eave gap between the plexiglas roof and outer cage or through a 2 cm slit on each side of the outer cage positioned 24.5 cm from the ground. leisen 2010-05-30T09:15:07Z VSMO:0001600 dog-baited kennel trap of Klowden and Lea Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Klowden and Lea, in which a dog is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: In the dog-baited kennel trap of Klowden and Lea, an inner restraining cage (69 cm long, 41 cm wide and 53 cm high) made from 2.54 mesh wire has a removable top which when in place was fixed by ties of insulated copper wire. The holding cage is placed inside an outer cage 91 cm long, 61 cm wide and 61 cm high having a plywood floor and 0.14 cm mesh screen sides. Two sheets of 97 to 61 cm plexiglas taped together and supported on wooden stakes forms a sloping roof over the cage. The ends of the outer cage has sleeves made from plastic dustbin bags with their ends removed for replacement of the inner cage. Vectors enter either through a 2 cm eave gap between the plexiglas roof and outer cage or through a 2 cm slit on each side of the outer cage positioned 24.5 cm from the ground. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting, in which a chicken is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. leisen 2010-05-30T09:20:10Z VSMO:0001601 net trap containing chicken bait Trap made from netting, in which a chicken is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. VSMO:Authors Trap made from netting, in which a rabbit is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. leisen 2010-05-30T09:20:52Z VSMO:0001602 net trap containing rabbit bait Trap made from netting, in which a rabbit is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. VSMO:Authors Trap made from netting, in which a monkey is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. leisen 2010-05-30T09:21:39Z VSMO:0001603 net trap containing monkey bait Trap made from netting, in which a monkey is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. VSMO:Authors Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Buescher, in which birds are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: The bird-baited trap of Buescher is made of wood and resembles a small Magoon stable trap. It measures 36 x 44 inches and 40 inches high, with a centrally pitched wooden roof. A 5 cm deep entrance extends the length of the two longer sides parallel to and 10 inches from the base of the trap. The lower part of the entrance consists of an upwardly slanting strip of wood which leaves a 1 inch vertical opening, as found in the Bates-type stable trap, about 18 inches from the trap base. Because birds eat mosquitoes entering these traps a wire mesh frame is inserted inside the traps just below the slit-like entrance to confine the birds to the lower half of the trap. A small door in the upper part of the trap at each end allows aspirators to be inserted for the removal of the catch. A third small door is made near the base of the trap for introducing the bait animals and for facilitating feeding and cleaning out the trap. leisen 2010-05-30T09:24:01Z VSMO:0001604 bird-baited trap of Buescher Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Buescher, in which birds are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: The bird-baited trap of Buescher is made of wood and resembles a small Magoon stable trap. It measures 36 x 44 inches and 40 inches high, with a centrally pitched wooden roof. A 5 cm deep entrance extends the length of the two longer sides parallel to and 10 inches from the base of the trap. The lower part of the entrance consists of an upwardly slanting strip of wood which leaves a 1 inch vertical opening, as found in the Bates-type stable trap, about 18 inches from the trap base. Because birds eat mosquitoes entering these traps a wire mesh frame is inserted inside the traps just below the slit-like entrance to confine the birds to the lower half of the trap. A small door in the upper part of the trap at each end allows aspirators to be inserted for the removal of the catch. A third small door is made near the base of the trap for introducing the bait animals and for facilitating feeding and cleaning out the trap. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by de Freitas, in which mice are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: The collection in the morning of vectors from under the hood of a sentinel trap is not very satisfactory as vectors that are attracted to the bait but do not remain under the trap until the morning are missed. To get more representative collections, de Freitas devised a trap in which vectors attracted to sentinel mice were automatically trapped at intervals. Mice are exposed in a 10 x 10 x 12 cm cage of wire mesh suspended from an aluminum hood, 62 cm square and 32 cm high. A 26 cm tall, 21 cm square, chimney having the lower half made of nylon netting and the upper half of aluminum is placed underneath the hood and surrounds the bait cage. A 19 cm fan blade is fixed to the spindle of a 6 V motor enclosed in a plastic bag and placed under the center of the bait cage. It operates from a 6 V car or gel cell battery. The updraft of air produced opens a pair of 11.5 cm square plastic foam trap doors fitted to the top of the aluminum hood, and which fall shut when the fan is not operating. Originally the minute hand of a clock, which was housed in a small box underneath an aluminum roof, was wired to the positive lead from the car battery to the fan motor, so that electrical contact was made for a period of 90 s every 15 min. During the short exposure period mosquitoes attracted to the sentinel mice are blown up through the open doors into a 23 cm square, 30 cm high, plastic mesh collecting cage placed on top of the hood. The complete trap is suspended by wires under a large flat protective aluminum roof. leisen 2010-05-30T09:27:56Z VSMO:0001605 small animal-baited blower trap of de Freitas Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by de Freitas, in which mice are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: The collection in the morning of vectors from under the hood of a sentinel trap is not very satisfactory as vectors that are attracted to the bait but do not remain under the trap until the morning are missed. To get more representative collections, de Freitas devised a trap in which vectors attracted to sentinel mice were automatically trapped at intervals. Mice are exposed in a 10 x 10 x 12 cm cage of wire mesh suspended from an aluminum hood, 62 cm square and 32 cm high. A 26 cm tall, 21 cm square, chimney having the lower half made of nylon netting and the upper half of aluminum is placed underneath the hood and surrounds the bait cage. A 19 cm fan blade is fixed to the spindle of a 6 V motor enclosed in a plastic bag and placed under the center of the bait cage. It operates from a 6 V car or gel cell battery. The updraft of air produced opens a pair of 11.5 cm square plastic foam trap doors fitted to the top of the aluminum hood, and which fall shut when the fan is not operating. Originally the minute hand of a clock, which was housed in a small box underneath an aluminum roof, was wired to the positive lead from the car battery to the fan motor, so that electrical contact was made for a period of 90 s every 15 min. During the short exposure period mosquitoes attracted to the sentinel mice are blown up through the open doors into a 23 cm square, 30 cm high, plastic mesh collecting cage placed on top of the hood. The complete trap is suspended by wires under a large flat protective aluminum roof. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Davies, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: The trap consists of four basic components, a cylindrical net collecting cage, a small metal tubular fan housing, a wire mesh bait cage and a time switch which can be made from a cheap clock. The collecting cage is made from nylon or terylene netting and is 20 inches long and 12 inches in diameter except that at both ends a curtain wire threaded through a 1/2 inch hem reduces the diameter to about 10 inches. A 12 inch circular piece of 1/4 inch plywood with a wire loop handle is inserted in the top of the cage as a convenient lid. A short length of plastic tubing, such as a vial with the bottom removed, is cemented into the middle of the cage so that an aspirator can be inserted for removal of the catch. An 8 inch long, 6 inch diameter metal tube (e.g. a 5 lb dried milk tin with both ends removed) is mounted in a 12 inch disc of plywood placed in the bottom of the trap. A 6 V motor is held by aluminum brackets or straps midway inside the tube. A 2- or 3-bladed 6 inch diameter plastic propeller with a 4 inch pitch, such as used in model aircraft, is fixed to the spindle of the motor. The top of the metal tube is closed by a circular flap of 1/4 inch polystyrene foam, cemented only at one point, so that when the motor operates, the updraft of air forces the flap open. It falls back into place when the motor stops. A bait cage about 3 inches in diameter and length made from 1/2 inch galvanized wire mesh is supported at the bottom of the fan housing by two long meat skewers running through it at right angles. Wiring the motor to a 6 V motorcycle or gel cell battery through a clock allows the fan to automatically operate for 30-45 s every 7-10 min. Davies pointed out that trap dimensions are not critical, in fact modified trap cages can be made for baiting with other animals than mice such as rats, wild rodents, birds or bats. leisen 2010-05-30T09:33:37Z VSMO:0001606 small animal-baited suction trap of Davies Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Davies, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: The trap consists of four basic components, a cylindrical net collecting cage, a small metal tubular fan housing, a wire mesh bait cage and a time switch which can be made from a cheap clock. The collecting cage is made from nylon or terylene netting and is 20 inches long and 12 inches in diameter except that at both ends a curtain wire threaded through a 1/2 inch hem reduces the diameter to about 10 inches. A 12 inch circular piece of 1/4 inch plywood with a wire loop handle is inserted in the top of the cage as a convenient lid. A short length of plastic tubing, such as a vial with the bottom removed, is cemented into the middle of the cage so that an aspirator can be inserted for removal of the catch. An 8 inch long, 6 inch diameter metal tube (e.g. a 5 lb dried milk tin with both ends removed) is mounted in a 12 inch disc of plywood placed in the bottom of the trap. A 6 V motor is held by aluminum brackets or straps midway inside the tube. A 2- or 3-bladed 6 inch diameter plastic propeller with a 4 inch pitch, such as used in model aircraft, is fixed to the spindle of the motor. The top of the metal tube is closed by a circular flap of 1/4 inch polystyrene foam, cemented only at one point, so that when the motor operates, the updraft of air forces the flap open. It falls back into place when the motor stops. A bait cage about 3 inches in diameter and length made from 1/2 inch galvanized wire mesh is supported at the bottom of the fan housing by two long meat skewers running through it at right angles. Wiring the motor to a 6 V motorcycle or gel cell battery through a clock allows the fan to automatically operate for 30-45 s every 7-10 min. Davies pointed out that trap dimensions are not critical, in fact modified trap cages can be made for baiting with other animals than mice such as rats, wild rodents, birds or bats. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed at the Institute for Medical Research in Kuala Lumpur, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This trap (IMR = Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur) consists of a rectangular cage 45 x 30 cm and 38 cm high having a sheet metal base. The sides are covered with copper mesh except that one of the smaller ends (30 x 38 cm) has a nylon netting sleeve attached for introducing the baits and removing the catch. The two longer sides are bent inwards at 7 cm from the metal base plate making an angle of 145 degrees, and along the apices of these angles are horizontal 1 cm wide slits for mosquitoes to enter. The trap has been used with chicken and gerbil bait. leisen 2010-05-30T09:39:59Z VSMO:0001607 small animal-baited IMR trap Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed at the Institute for Medical Research in Kuala Lumpur, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This trap (IMR = Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur) consists of a rectangular cage 45 x 30 cm and 38 cm high having a sheet metal base. The sides are covered with copper mesh except that one of the smaller ends (30 x 38 cm) has a nylon netting sleeve attached for introducing the baits and removing the catch. The two longer sides are bent inwards at 7 cm from the metal base plate making an angle of 145 degrees, and along the apices of these angles are horizontal 1 cm wide slits for mosquitoes to enter. The trap has been used with chicken and gerbil bait. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designated the no. 10 Trinidad trap, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: No. 10 Trinidad trap has proved to be one of the most versatile animal-baited traps. The frame of this double-baited trap is made from 1/2 inch galvanized or stainless steel wire. The various sections can be soldered or tied together, or with some ingenuity the entire framework of the trap can be made by bending a single length of wire into the appropriate shape. Each end section of the trap is formed by bending the wire to form a W and then the outer limbs of the W are connected overhead by two semicircular pieces or wire. The two end sections are linked by two 16 inch horizontal lengths of wire running from the outer top ends of the W-shaped wire frame, and by two similar strips separated by a 1 inch gap connecting the central apex of the two W-shaped frames. This gap forms the entrance for the vectors. The framework of the lower part of the trap is covered with wire mesh while the upper part supported by the two semi-circles of wire is covered with white nylon mosquito netting which is sewn on to the framework except at the front end. A touch and close fastener such as Velcro is sewn on to the wire mesh at the front end of the trap and also along the bottom edge of the mosquito netting cover. Alternatively the top cover can be made as a bag that is dropped over the cage and held in position by a large strip of rubber such as cut from an old motor car inner tube. The trap is normally baited with small vertebrates contained in a small mesh cage supported on wire supports in each section of the trap, but the trap has also been successful when baited with dry ice contained in plastic bags or polystyrene boxes. The trap is normally suspended from a tree and protected from rain by a horizontal sheet (18 x 24 inches) of metal. Vectors enter from below through the long vertical centrally placed slit. They are collected by inserting an aspirator underneath the bottom edge of the mosquito netting cage covering the trap. The trap has been used with various bait animals including chickens, wild birds, various rodents and lizards. leisen 2010-05-30T09:45:37Z VSMO:0001608 small animal-baited no. 10 Trinidad trap Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designated the no. 10 Trinidad trap, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: No. 10 Trinidad trap has proved to be one of the most versatile animal-baited traps. The frame of this double-baited trap is made from 1/2 inch galvanized or stainless steel wire. The various sections can be soldered or tied together, or with some ingenuity the entire framework of the trap can be made by bending a single length of wire into the appropriate shape. Each end section of the trap is formed by bending the wire to form a W and then the outer limbs of the W are connected overhead by two semicircular pieces or wire. The two end sections are linked by two 16 inch horizontal lengths of wire running from the outer top ends of the W-shaped wire frame, and by two similar strips separated by a 1 inch gap connecting the central apex of the two W-shaped frames. This gap forms the entrance for the vectors. The framework of the lower part of the trap is covered with wire mesh while the upper part supported by the two semi-circles of wire is covered with white nylon mosquito netting which is sewn on to the framework except at the front end. A touch and close fastener such as Velcro is sewn on to the wire mesh at the front end of the trap and also along the bottom edge of the mosquito netting cover. Alternatively the top cover can be made as a bag that is dropped over the cage and held in position by a large strip of rubber such as cut from an old motor car inner tube. The trap is normally baited with small vertebrates contained in a small mesh cage supported on wire supports in each section of the trap, but the trap has also been successful when baited with dry ice contained in plastic bags or polystyrene boxes. The trap is normally suspended from a tree and protected from rain by a horizontal sheet (18 x 24 inches) of metal. Vectors enter from below through the long vertical centrally placed slit. They are collected by inserting an aspirator underneath the bottom edge of the mosquito netting cage covering the trap. The trap has been used with various bait animals including chickens, wild birds, various rodents and lizards. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designated the no. 17 Trinidad trap, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This trap was developed as a small, simple and cheap trap to collect mosquitoes attracted to small rodents. It consists of four distinct parts: lid, net cage, bait cage and spreader ring. The lid is a 1/4 inch thick 12 inch diameter piece of plywood with a small central hole through which string or wire is fixed for suspending the trap. The upper surface can be painted, usually black, to protect the wood, while the lower surface is painted white. The net cage is made from a piece of 38 x 18 inches terylene netting with a 1/2 inch hem along both longer edges, by sewing the two shorter sides together to form a tube. A 28 inch length of flexible curtain wire is threaded through the top hem and a 9 inch length of 1/4 inch wide elastic through the bottom hem. A short section of a 1 in diameter plastic tube having a removable top or cork is cemented into a slit made in the side of the bag. This provides a simple but efficient opening for inserting an aspirator. Alternatively a slit-like opening furnished with a touch and close fastening such as Velcro could be used. The bait cage is made from a 1 US quart motor oil tin cut in half and with both ends removed to give a 4 inch diameter, 2 3/4 inch long cylinder. Half-inch galvanized wire mesh screening rolled round to form a 4 inch diameter, 13 inch long cylinder is slipped down over the bait tin for about 1/2 inch and held in position by adhesive tape, small bolts or self-tapping screws. A disc of 1/4 inch mesh screen is wired inside the wire cylinder about 1 1/2 inches above the top of the tin to form a floor for the bait cage, and a piece of plywood or galvanized metal is hooked on top of the wire cylinder to form a roof. A piece of 16 gauge galvanized wire is placed underneath the middle of the tin that forms the bottom of the bait cage, and is bent to form two U-shaped slots to accommodate the rim of the tin. Two such pieces of wire are then placed at right angles to each other across the spreader ring, this being a 12 inch diameter circle of stiff wire, which supports the cage within the trap. Mice, or other small baits, are confined within the 2 inch high space between the roof and the wire mesh floor of the bait cage. Davies found that there was a greatly reduced catch if the trap bag was made of nylon mosquito netting with round holes. The most efficient traps had a bag of terylene netting with square holes and 22 meshes to the inch. It was also important that the floor of the wire mesh cylinder was made of finer mesh than its sides. If two or more adult mice are used the bait chamber should be divided to prevent fighting. leisen 2010-05-30T09:58:14Z VSMO:0001609 small animal-baited no. 17 Trinidad trap Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designated the no. 17 Trinidad trap, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This trap was developed as a small, simple and cheap trap to collect mosquitoes attracted to small rodents. It consists of four distinct parts: lid, net cage, bait cage and spreader ring. The lid is a 1/4 inch thick 12 inch diameter piece of plywood with a small central hole through which string or wire is fixed for suspending the trap. The upper surface can be painted, usually black, to protect the wood, while the lower surface is painted white. The net cage is made from a piece of 38 x 18 inches terylene netting with a 1/2 inch hem along both longer edges, by sewing the two shorter sides together to form a tube. A 28 inch length of flexible curtain wire is threaded through the top hem and a 9 inch length of 1/4 inch wide elastic through the bottom hem. A short section of a 1 in diameter plastic tube having a removable top or cork is cemented into a slit made in the side of the bag. This provides a simple but efficient opening for inserting an aspirator. Alternatively a slit-like opening furnished with a touch and close fastening such as Velcro could be used. The bait cage is made from a 1 US quart motor oil tin cut in half and with both ends removed to give a 4 inch diameter, 2 3/4 inch long cylinder. Half-inch galvanized wire mesh screening rolled round to form a 4 inch diameter, 13 inch long cylinder is slipped down over the bait tin for about 1/2 inch and held in position by adhesive tape, small bolts or self-tapping screws. A disc of 1/4 inch mesh screen is wired inside the wire cylinder about 1 1/2 inches above the top of the tin to form a floor for the bait cage, and a piece of plywood or galvanized metal is hooked on top of the wire cylinder to form a roof. A piece of 16 gauge galvanized wire is placed underneath the middle of the tin that forms the bottom of the bait cage, and is bent to form two U-shaped slots to accommodate the rim of the tin. Two such pieces of wire are then placed at right angles to each other across the spreader ring, this being a 12 inch diameter circle of stiff wire, which supports the cage within the trap. Mice, or other small baits, are confined within the 2 inch high space between the roof and the wire mesh floor of the bait cage. Davies found that there was a greatly reduced catch if the trap bag was made of nylon mosquito netting with round holes. The most efficient traps had a bag of terylene netting with square holes and 22 meshes to the inch. It was also important that the floor of the wire mesh cylinder was made of finer mesh than its sides. If two or more adult mice are used the bait chamber should be divided to prevent fighting. ISBN:9781402066658 Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Different variations of small animal-baited cylindrical lard cans trap have been developed since the original one was developed by Bellamy and Reeves. Many of these traps also are used with CO2 bait and sometimes in combination with an animal bait and CO2. leisen 2010-05-30T10:04:07Z VSMO:0001610 small animal-baited cylindrical lard can trap Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Different variations of small animal-baited cylindrical lard cans trap have been developed since the original one was developed by Bellamy and Reeves. Many of these traps also are used with CO2 bait and sometimes in combination with an animal bait and CO2. Add:Silver Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Dow and Morris, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This trap exposes bait animals by restricting them to a small section of the trap (a small screen cage soldered to the floor of a trap and provided with a small door underneath to allow their easy insertion and removal). leisen 2010-05-30T10:10:28Z VSMO:0001611 small animal-baited cylindrical lard can trap of Dow and Morris Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Dow and Morris, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This trap exposes bait animals by restricting them to a small section of the trap (a small screen cage soldered to the floor of a trap and provided with a small door underneath to allow their easy insertion and removal). ISBN:9781402066658 Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Bellamy and Reeves, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This trap was originally made from a cylindrical 50 lb lard-can, 14 1/2 inches long and 12 inches in diameter. An 8 3/4 inch hole is cut out from both ends of the can and a 5 1/2 inch long funnel of fine mesh gauze is soldered to the rims of the cut ends. The 1/4 inch diameter apical opening of each funnel is directed towards the middle of the can, where the bait animal is contained. leisen 2010-05-30T10:12:31Z VSMO:0001612 small animal-baited cylindrical lard can trap of Bellamy and Reeves Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Bellamy and Reeves, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This trap was originally made from a cylindrical 50 lb lard-can, 14 1/2 inches long and 12 inches in diameter. An 8 3/4 inch hole is cut out from both ends of the can and a 5 1/2 inch long funnel of fine mesh gauze is soldered to the rims of the cut ends. The 1/4 inch diameter apical opening of each funnel is directed towards the middle of the can, where the bait animal is contained. ISBN:9781402066658 Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Mitchell and Millian in which a chicken is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Mitchell and Millian made cylindrical lard-can traps in three sections. The two longer end sections had conical entrance funnels which were separated by a shorter removable circular bait cage of equal diameter having both ends made of mesh and held in position by snap-on clips. A curved hinged flap in the side of the circular cage allowed the bait (a chicken) to be introduced and removed. leisen 2010-05-30T10:15:24Z VSMO:0001613 small animal-baited cylindrical lard can trap of Mitchell and Millian Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Mitchell and Millian in which a chicken is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Mitchell and Millian made cylindrical lard-can traps in three sections. The two longer end sections had conical entrance funnels which were separated by a shorter removable circular bait cage of equal diameter having both ends made of mesh and held in position by snap-on clips. A curved hinged flap in the side of the circular cage allowed the bait (a chicken) to be introduced and removed. ISBN:9781402066658 Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Nayar in which chickens are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Nayar modified the cylindrical lard-can trap by cutting a 15 x 25-cm hole in the side and screened it from the interior by a fine mesh cage (16 x 26 cm and 12 cm deep). The bait animals, 1 to 3-week-old chicks, were confined to a wire cage attached to the lid, which was fitted within the mesh cage, and then the lid was inserted into the can and fastened. Thus, it was possible to introduce and remove the bait without opening the trap. The outside of the trap was sprayed with matt black paint. leisen 2010-05-30T10:16:51Z VSMO:0001614 small animal-baited cylindrical lard can trap of Nayar Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Nayar in which chickens are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Nayar modified the cylindrical lard-can trap by cutting a 15 x 25-cm hole in the side and screened it from the interior by a fine mesh cage (16 x 26 cm and 12 cm deep). The bait animals, 1 to 3-week-old chicks, were confined to a wire cage attached to the lid, which was fitted within the mesh cage, and then the lid was inserted into the can and fastened. Thus, it was possible to introduce and remove the bait without opening the trap. The outside of the trap was sprayed with matt black paint. ISBN:9781402066658 Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Dow, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Dow confined birds and other bait animals to cages placed in a fine mesh screen recess inserted in the top of a cylindrical trap. The outside opening of the recess was closed with a hinged cover. In later experiments mosquitoes were given the opportunity of feeding on the birds, which were placed in a wire mesh cage introduced into the trap through a hinged trap door provided with a 3 ft cloth sleeve. To minimize the effect of trap position, four identical cylindrical traps were suspended at right angles to each other about 5 ft from the ground on 3 ft booms, which slowly rotated horizontally. leisen 2010-05-30T10:20:09Z VSMO:0001615 small animal-baited cylindrical lard can trap of Dow Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Dow, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Dow confined birds and other bait animals to cages placed in a fine mesh screen recess inserted in the top of a cylindrical trap. The outside opening of the recess was closed with a hinged cover. In later experiments mosquitoes were given the opportunity of feeding on the birds, which were placed in a wire mesh cage introduced into the trap through a hinged trap door provided with a 3 ft cloth sleeve. To minimize the effect of trap position, four identical cylindrical traps were suspended at right angles to each other about 5 ft from the ground on 3 ft booms, which slowly rotated horizontally. ISBN:9781402066658 Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by LePore in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: In response to the continuing need for small animal-baited mosquito traps and the discontinuation of metal cans of the type used in earlier traps, LePore developed a lard-can trap constructed from materials readily available from suppliers to the ventilation industry. Traps consist of a 24 inch long section of 16 inch diameter galvanized ducting, fitted with collecting chambers at each end of the central tube. The body of these chambers is constructed from a 6 inch length of 10 inch diameter galvanized tubing designed to fit over the crimped end of a 10 inch end cap. The collecting chamber bodies are fitted to the inner faces of 16 inch diameter end plates using a crimped collar. One collecting chamber slides over the crimped end of the main trap body, the other chamber is crimped to fit inside the main trap body. Mosquitoes enter the collecting chambers through inward facing mesh funnels with a 1 inch diameter opening, and are prevented from feeding on the bait animal by a 16 mesh aluminum screen attached to the inside end of the collecting chambers. Removal of mosquitoes from the collecting chambers is achieved as follows: the chambers are removed from the trap body and placed with the larger diameter end facing down onto an inflatable ring, as used by children to aid buoyancy when swimming, taped to a board. A plastic shower-cap with a 1 cm hole is placed over the narrow end of the collecting chamber. Mosquitoes can then be removed from the collecting chamber by removing the end cap and aspirating them. leisen 2010-05-30T10:20:40Z VSMO:0001616 small animal-baited cylindrical lard can trap of LePore Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by LePore in which small animals are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: In response to the continuing need for small animal-baited mosquito traps and the discontinuation of metal cans of the type used in earlier traps, LePore developed a lard-can trap constructed from materials readily available from suppliers to the ventilation industry. Traps consist of a 24 inch long section of 16 inch diameter galvanized ducting, fitted with collecting chambers at each end of the central tube. The body of these chambers is constructed from a 6 inch length of 10 inch diameter galvanized tubing designed to fit over the crimped end of a 10 inch end cap. The collecting chamber bodies are fitted to the inner faces of 16 inch diameter end plates using a crimped collar. One collecting chamber slides over the crimped end of the main trap body, the other chamber is crimped to fit inside the main trap body. Mosquitoes enter the collecting chambers through inward facing mesh funnels with a 1 inch diameter opening, and are prevented from feeding on the bait animal by a 16 mesh aluminum screen attached to the inside end of the collecting chambers. Removal of mosquitoes from the collecting chambers is achieved as follows: the chambers are removed from the trap body and placed with the larger diameter end facing down onto an inflatable ring, as used by children to aid buoyancy when swimming, taped to a board. A plastic shower-cap with a 1 cm hole is placed over the narrow end of the collecting chamber. Mosquitoes can then be removed from the collecting chamber by removing the end cap and aspirating them. ISBN:9781402066658 Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Deegan, in which pigeons are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Deegan modified a cylindrical lard-can trap baited with pigeons for West Nile virus surveillance. Each trap was constructed from a 61 cm long cylinder of steel duct pipe with a diameter of 41 cm. A removable chicken-wire cage with dimensions of 30.5 cm x 30.5 cm x 35.6 cm was fitted inside the traps and the ends of the pipe were covered by screened cones that allowed entry of mosquitoes. Detachable inner screens could be fitted to prevent mosquitoes feeding on the enclosed pigeons. leisen 2010-05-30T10:22:11Z VSMO:0001617 small animal-baited cylindrical lard can trap of Deegan Cylinder-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Deegan, in which pigeons are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Deegan modified a cylindrical lard-can trap baited with pigeons for West Nile virus surveillance. Each trap was constructed from a 61 cm long cylinder of steel duct pipe with a diameter of 41 cm. A removable chicken-wire cage with dimensions of 30.5 cm x 30.5 cm x 35.6 cm was fitted inside the traps and the ends of the pipe were covered by screened cones that allowed entry of mosquitoes. Detachable inner screens could be fitted to prevent mosquitoes feeding on the enclosed pigeons. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Emord and Morris, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: Emord and Morris designed a small animal-baited trap, based on the CDC light-trap (and this including sucking action). They took a standard CDC trap and removed the light source and made the following modifications. A semi-cylindrical cage (6 x 4 1/2 x 4 inches) made from 1/2 inch mesh wire screening wrapped round a plywood D-shaped base was attached by a metal hook to a 8 x 1/4 inch threaded metal rod fixed to one side of the CDC trap. The hinged top of the bait cage was also made from wire screening. A 1 1/2 inch thick layer of household sponge was placed on the floor of the bait cage to protect the bait from the cold, and also to facilitate cleaning the cage. Traps operated from four 1.5 V torch batteries fixed to the CDC trap. The collecting container consisted of a plastic 1-quart frozen food storage container with a section from the bottom and three sections from the side removed and replaced by plastic mosquito screening. These screenings, and a cloth sleeve fixing the container to the trap, were embedded into the plastic with a soldering iron. leisen 2010-05-31T07:56:24Z VSMO:0001618 small animal-baited suction trap of Emord and Morris Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Emord and Morris, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: Emord and Morris designed a small animal-baited trap, based on the CDC light-trap (and this including sucking action). They took a standard CDC trap and removed the light source and made the following modifications. A semi-cylindrical cage (6 x 4 1/2 x 4 inches) made from 1/2 inch mesh wire screening wrapped round a plywood D-shaped base was attached by a metal hook to a 8 x 1/4 inch threaded metal rod fixed to one side of the CDC trap. The hinged top of the bait cage was also made from wire screening. A 1 1/2 inch thick layer of household sponge was placed on the floor of the bait cage to protect the bait from the cold, and also to facilitate cleaning the cage. Traps operated from four 1.5 V torch batteries fixed to the CDC trap. The collecting container consisted of a plastic 1-quart frozen food storage container with a section from the bottom and three sections from the side removed and replaced by plastic mosquito screening. These screenings, and a cloth sleeve fixing the container to the trap, were embedded into the plastic with a soldering iron. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Meyer and Bennett, in which ducks are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This is a duck-baited trap, but can be adapted to hold other animals. The bait cage consists of a 30 x 30 and 35 cm high chicken wire cage nailed to a wooden board (35 x 45 cm), there is no wire bottom. A hole is cut from the top to allow the bait to be introduced, after which it is covered with a piece of chicken wire netting. Food and water dishes are wired to one of the sides of the cage. The mosquito collecting cage is a 60 cm cube wooden frame covered with fine plastic mosquito netting on five sides, the bottom being left open. Four polythene 25 cm diameter funnels with their stems cut off to leave about 5 cm diameter holes are glued to fit into four 25 cm holes cut from two panels (30 x 60 cm) of plywood fixed at the top of the cage and on two opposite sides. Finally, a mosquito netting sleeve is sewn into the top of the cage for removal, with an aspirator, of the vectors. leisen 2010-05-31T08:00:32Z VSMO:0001619 bird-baited trap of Meyer and Bennett Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Meyer and Bennett, in which ducks are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: This is a duck-baited trap, but can be adapted to hold other animals. The bait cage consists of a 30 x 30 and 35 cm high chicken wire cage nailed to a wooden board (35 x 45 cm), there is no wire bottom. A hole is cut from the top to allow the bait to be introduced, after which it is covered with a piece of chicken wire netting. Food and water dishes are wired to one of the sides of the cage. The mosquito collecting cage is a 60 cm cube wooden frame covered with fine plastic mosquito netting on five sides, the bottom being left open. Four polythene 25 cm diameter funnels with their stems cut off to leave about 5 cm diameter holes are glued to fit into four 25 cm holes cut from two panels (30 x 60 cm) of plywood fixed at the top of the cage and on two opposite sides. Finally, a mosquito netting sleeve is sewn into the top of the cage for removal, with an aspirator, of the vectors. ISBN:9781402066658 Box-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Anderson and Brust, in which a pair of quail is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Anderson and Brust designed a box trap to hold a pair of Japanese quail contained in cylindrical wire cages. Traps were 30 by 30 by 30 cm and had baffled, slotted entrances (narrowing from 30 by 8 cm to 30 by 2 cm) on the underside. Baffles were constructed from fine mesh to permit downward movement of host odors. On one side of the trap was a hole with a stocking sleeve to permit introduction and removal of the quails and to facilitate emptying of the trap. Perspex and plywood traps were constructed. Traps were suspended l m above the ground. leisen 2010-05-31T08:02:32Z VSMO:0001620 bird-baited box trap of Anderson and Brust Box-shaped trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Anderson and Brust, in which a pair of quail is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Anderson and Brust designed a box trap to hold a pair of Japanese quail contained in cylindrical wire cages. Traps were 30 by 30 by 30 cm and had baffled, slotted entrances (narrowing from 30 by 8 cm to 30 by 2 cm) on the underside. Baffles were constructed from fine mesh to permit downward movement of host odors. On one side of the trap was a hole with a stocking sleeve to permit introduction and removal of the quails and to facilitate emptying of the trap. Perspex and plywood traps were constructed. Traps were suspended l m above the ground. ISBN:9781402066658 A role borne by a live animal, or the natural secretions of a live animal, in virtue of being used as bait for the purpose of enhancing the efficiency of an arthropod trap. COMMENT: Live animal bait, including humans, and their natural secretions can be used to enhance the efficiency of a trap for host-seeking arthropods of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors. leisen 2010-05-31T08:05:00Z VSMO:0001621 animal bait role A role borne by a live animal, or the natural secretions of a live animal, in virtue of being used as bait for the purpose of enhancing the efficiency of an arthropod trap. COMMENT: Live animal bait, including humans, and their natural secretions can be used to enhance the efficiency of a trap for host-seeking arthropods of species capable of serving as pathogen vectors. VSMO:Authors The function of a device realized when it can detect pathogens. COMMENT: Examples of tools that have this function include rapid tests for pathogen detection in arthropods or samples from vertebrates, and sentinel animals. leisen 2010-05-31T08:06:48Z VSMO:0001622 pathogen detection function The function of a device realized when it can detect pathogens. COMMENT: Examples of tools that have this function include rapid tests for pathogen detection in arthropods or samples from vertebrates, and sentinel animals. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a live animal in virtue of mounting a detectable response to pathogen infection. COMMENT: Non-human animals can be used as sentinels for activity of a human pathogen. Examples include pigs and donkeys as sentinels for Japanese encephalitis virus and chickens for St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Other animals used as pathogen sentinels in different settings include monkeys, various rodents, marsupials, deer, quail, and mice. leisen 2010-05-31T08:07:36Z VSMO:0001623 sentinel animal role A role borne by a live animal in virtue of mounting a detectable response to pathogen infection. COMMENT: Non-human animals can be used as sentinels for activity of a human pathogen. Examples include pigs and donkeys as sentinels for Japanese encephalitis virus and chickens for St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Other animals used as pathogen sentinels in different settings include monkeys, various rodents, marsupials, deer, quail, and mice. VSMO:Authors Trap in the form of a shed for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which chickens are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: The complete trap consists of three basic parts, a shed, two removable mosquito traps and a chicken wire pen. A 20 inches wide, 33 inches high doorway is made in front of the shed and a 10 inches high door, that is normally raised to allow free entry of chickens into the shed from the pen, is hinged along its upper edge and extends across the entire back of the shed. A screened opening, 47 inches wide and 24 1/2 inches high, is fixed above the hinged door to increase ventilation through the shed. Two removable mosquito entry traps are fitted to the top of the front wall of the shed and incorporate Bates-type baffles. The pen, which is pushed up against the back of the shed, is 14 ft long, 7 ft wide and 4 ft high and is made from chicken wire fixed to a wooden framework. To prevent predators entering the pen the floor can also be covered with chicken wire. A 23 x 43 inch doorway is placed in one side of the pen to provide access. leisen 2010-05-31T08:16:38Z VSMO:0001624 sentinel chicken shed trap Trap in the form of a shed for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which chickens are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: The complete trap consists of three basic parts, a shed, two removable mosquito traps and a chicken wire pen. A 20 inches wide, 33 inches high doorway is made in front of the shed and a 10 inches high door, that is normally raised to allow free entry of chickens into the shed from the pen, is hinged along its upper edge and extends across the entire back of the shed. A screened opening, 47 inches wide and 24 1/2 inches high, is fixed above the hinged door to increase ventilation through the shed. Two removable mosquito entry traps are fitted to the top of the front wall of the shed and incorporate Bates-type baffles. The pen, which is pushed up against the back of the shed, is 14 ft long, 7 ft wide and 4 ft high and is made from chicken wire fixed to a wooden framework. To prevent predators entering the pen the floor can also be covered with chicken wire. A 23 x 43 inch doorway is placed in one side of the pen to provide access. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Costantini, in which small animal odor is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Costantini developed an odor-baited entry trap (OBET) that attempts to address some of the problems associated with landing catches, baited net traps and drop-nets. The key feature of the trap is that the host odors are separated from other cues associated with the host, such as heat, visual cues, etc. The OBET consists of a steel wire frame 40 cm high x 40 cm wide x 60 cm long, which is covered with mosquito netting. A 50 cm long, 10 cm diameter plastic tube is inserted through the center of the rear panel of the cage and protrudes about 10 cm into the cage. The tube is supported by two 10 cm diameter plastic rings and the end of the tube which is inside the cage is covered with mosquito netting to prevent mosquitoes entering it. The rear end of the tube is attached to a length of polythene tubing, through which the host odors are delivered into the cage. Inserted into the face of the cage opposite the plastic tube is a foam rubber hollow cylinder with an external diameter of 20 cm and walls 1 cm thick. This foam rubber cylinder protrudes about 14 cm into the cage and is supported by 2 plastic rings. Approximately 1 cm further into the cage another plastic ring (16 cm diameter) supporting a disc of mosquito netting is inserted. This leaves a gap of approximately 1 cm between the internal end of the entry tube and the mosquito netting disc, through which the mosquitoes enter the trap. Costantini introduced host odors to the trap from a tent containing bait animals. The tent was constructed from heavy-duty polythene sheeting suspended from poles. The dimensions of the tent can be adjusted to suit the size of the bait animals being used. A 10 cm diameter hole was cut into one face of the tent and a 12 V fan powered by a rechargeable battery was inserted and connected to the polythene tube, which was in turn connected to the plastic cylinder inserted into the rear of the trap. The air stream produced by the fan is sufficient to fully inflate the polythene tube over a length of at least 12 m. leisen 2010-05-31T08:20:42Z VSMO:0001625 small animal odor-baited entry trap Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Costantini, in which small animal odor is used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: Costantini developed an odor-baited entry trap (OBET) that attempts to address some of the problems associated with landing catches, baited net traps and drop-nets. The key feature of the trap is that the host odors are separated from other cues associated with the host, such as heat, visual cues, etc. The OBET consists of a steel wire frame 40 cm high x 40 cm wide x 60 cm long, which is covered with mosquito netting. A 50 cm long, 10 cm diameter plastic tube is inserted through the center of the rear panel of the cage and protrudes about 10 cm into the cage. The tube is supported by two 10 cm diameter plastic rings and the end of the tube which is inside the cage is covered with mosquito netting to prevent mosquitoes entering it. The rear end of the tube is attached to a length of polythene tubing, through which the host odors are delivered into the cage. Inserted into the face of the cage opposite the plastic tube is a foam rubber hollow cylinder with an external diameter of 20 cm and walls 1 cm thick. This foam rubber cylinder protrudes about 14 cm into the cage and is supported by 2 plastic rings. Approximately 1 cm further into the cage another plastic ring (16 cm diameter) supporting a disc of mosquito netting is inserted. This leaves a gap of approximately 1 cm between the internal end of the entry tube and the mosquito netting disc, through which the mosquitoes enter the trap. Costantini introduced host odors to the trap from a tent containing bait animals. The tent was constructed from heavy-duty polythene sheeting suspended from poles. The dimensions of the tent can be adjusted to suit the size of the bait animals being used. A 10 cm diameter hole was cut into one face of the tent and a 12 V fan powered by a rechargeable battery was inserted and connected to the polythene tube, which was in turn connected to the plastic cylinder inserted into the rear of the trap. The air stream produced by the fan is sufficient to fully inflate the polythene tube over a length of at least 12 m. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap in the form of a tent in which human odor is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Mboera developed an odor trap with human bait to compare the efficiency of whole host odor and CO2 as attractants for mosquitoes in Tanzania. Whole host odor or CO2 was introduced into a tent trap containing a mosquito net and a CDC miniature light-trap and fitted with two Muirhead- Thomson exit traps. Whole host odor was obtained from a human subject seated in an underground pit dug below the tent and odor was blown into the mosquito net inside the tent through a PVC tube containing a fan from a CDC light-trap. Carbon dioxide was pumped into the mosquito net from a cylinder. leisen 2010-05-31T08:28:40Z VSMO:0001626 tent trap containing human bait odor Trap in the form of a tent in which human odor is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Mboera developed an odor trap with human bait to compare the efficiency of whole host odor and CO2 as attractants for mosquitoes in Tanzania. Whole host odor or CO2 was introduced into a tent trap containing a mosquito net and a CDC miniature light-trap and fitted with two Muirhead- Thomson exit traps. Whole host odor was obtained from a human subject seated in an underground pit dug below the tent and odor was blown into the mosquito net inside the tent through a PVC tube containing a fan from a CDC light-trap. Carbon dioxide was pumped into the mosquito net from a cylinder. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Hibler and Olsen, in which birds are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: The trap consists of a lower bait chamber (2.5 ft long, 2 ft wide and 1.5 ft high) made of plywood. The upper 6 inches of the two longer sides are made of fine nylon netting that slopes inwards leading to a 1/2 inch slit in the floor on either side of the upper compartment. The upper compartment is of similar dimensions to the lower, but has a clear plastic insertion in the roof. Bait animals are inserted through a small doorway into the lower compartment and vectors attracted to the trap settle on and eventually crawl or fly up through the two slits into the top compartment from where they can be aspirated with an aspirator inserted through a cut-out section of the top compartment. leisen 2010-05-31T08:41:34Z VSMO:0001627 bird-baited trap of Hibler and Olsen Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Hibler and Olsen, in which birds are used as the primary attractant. COMMENT: The trap consists of a lower bait chamber (2.5 ft long, 2 ft wide and 1.5 ft high) made of plywood. The upper 6 inches of the two longer sides are made of fine nylon netting that slopes inwards leading to a 1/2 inch slit in the floor on either side of the upper compartment. The upper compartment is of similar dimensions to the lower, but has a clear plastic insertion in the roof. Bait animals are inserted through a small doorway into the lower compartment and vectors attracted to the trap settle on and eventually crawl or fly up through the two slits into the top compartment from where they can be aspirated with an aspirator inserted through a cut-out section of the top compartment. ISBN:1851667989 Trap in the form of a hut, designed by Bertram and McGregor, in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The original hut is 6 ft 8 inches long, 4 ft wide and 7 ft high, and made of plywood fixed to a wooden framework. A curved roof extends about 6 inches beyond all four walls of the hut, and a close fitting door is placed at one end of the hut. Both roof and walls are covered with tarred felt fixed in position by battens. A 14 inch square window space is cut out 4 ft from the ground along each of the two longer sides. Three interchangeable fittings are made for these window spaces; (1) a panel of wood which completely covered the window; (2) a wooden frame with wire gauze mosquito netting in the middle; and (3) a wooden panel fitted with a 9 inch cube framework covered with white mosquito netting and having an inverted funnel of dark metal gauze. A 4 1/2 ft long and 1 inch wide slit opening covered with netting and protected by an overlapping wooden flange is constructed in each long side of the hut 14 inches from the ground to provide additional ventilation. The trap hut is raised from the ground on 6 inch legs. Finally, a wooden batten extending about 3 ft beyond each end of the trap is screwed on to each side of the hut 18 inches above the base to enable four men to lift the trap and carry it short distances. It can be transported over longer distances by pick-up vehicles. Mosquitoes are caught during entry and are prevented from feeding on the occupants. Placing an entry window trap in all four walls, and providing them with a cover to help keep out the rain can improve the trap. Mosquitoes are either removed from the window cages periodically throughout the night or just after dawn. leisen 2010-05-31T08:55:30Z VSMO:0001628 human bait trap hut of Bertram and McGregor Trap in the form of a hut, designed by Bertram and McGregor, in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The original hut is 6 ft 8 inches long, 4 ft wide and 7 ft high, and made of plywood fixed to a wooden framework. A curved roof extends about 6 inches beyond all four walls of the hut, and a close fitting door is placed at one end of the hut. Both roof and walls are covered with tarred felt fixed in position by battens. A 14 inch square window space is cut out 4 ft from the ground along each of the two longer sides. Three interchangeable fittings are made for these window spaces; (1) a panel of wood which completely covered the window; (2) a wooden frame with wire gauze mosquito netting in the middle; and (3) a wooden panel fitted with a 9 inch cube framework covered with white mosquito netting and having an inverted funnel of dark metal gauze. A 4 1/2 ft long and 1 inch wide slit opening covered with netting and protected by an overlapping wooden flange is constructed in each long side of the hut 14 inches from the ground to provide additional ventilation. The trap hut is raised from the ground on 6 inch legs. Finally, a wooden batten extending about 3 ft beyond each end of the trap is screwed on to each side of the hut 18 inches above the base to enable four men to lift the trap and carry it short distances. It can be transported over longer distances by pick-up vehicles. Mosquitoes are caught during entry and are prevented from feeding on the occupants. Placing an entry window trap in all four walls, and providing them with a cover to help keep out the rain can improve the trap. Mosquitoes are either removed from the window cages periodically throughout the night or just after dawn. ISBN:1851667989 Trap in the form of a portable hut, designed by Burton, in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The hut is made of 1/4 inch plywood sheets measuring 4 x 8 ft mounted in a frame of right-angled metal beams. The hut measures about 8 x 8 x 8 ft. Although not essential, a sloping roof is useful in allowing rain to run off; the hut floor is raised about 6 inches from the ground. Three identical screened windows (22 x 26 inches), which have louvred openings with 1/2 inch gaps allow vectors to enter, are recessed in three sides. The door is bolted from the inside. To facilitate rapid erection all panels are numbered and bolts with wing nuts are used. leisen 2010-05-31T08:55:30Z VSMO:0001629 portable human bait trap hut of Burton Trap in the form of a portable hut, designed by Burton, in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The hut is made of 1/4 inch plywood sheets measuring 4 x 8 ft mounted in a frame of right-angled metal beams. The hut measures about 8 x 8 x 8 ft. Although not essential, a sloping roof is useful in allowing rain to run off; the hut floor is raised about 6 inches from the ground. Three identical screened windows (22 x 26 inches), which have louvred openings with 1/2 inch gaps allow vectors to enter, are recessed in three sides. The door is bolted from the inside. To facilitate rapid erection all panels are numbered and bolts with wing nuts are used. ISBN:1851667989 Trap in the form of a hut, designed by Reuben, in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: This trap is similar to the human bait trap hut of Bertram and McGregor but is waterproofed with black plastic sheeting and has a window trap in three walls and the door. Mosquitoes are caught during entry and are prevented from feeding on the occupants. leisen 2010-05-31T08:55:30Z VSMO:0001630 human bait trap hut of Reuben Trap in the form of a hut, designed by Reuben, in which a human is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: This trap is similar to the human bait trap hut of Bertram and McGregor but is waterproofed with black plastic sheeting and has a window trap in three walls and the door. Mosquitoes are caught during entry and are prevented from feeding on the occupants. ISBN:1851667989 Trap made from netting, designed by Jupp and McIntosh, in which a goat or sheep is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Jupp and McIntosh placed an animal bait (goat, sheep) in a 2-inch wire mesh cage in the center of a mosquito net 7 ft long, 5.5 ft wide and 6 ft tall supported on poles and raised 8 inches from the ground. A large zippered panel allowed a collector to enter. leisen 2010-05-31T09:31:09Z VSMO:0001631 net trap of Jupp and McIntosh Trap made from netting, designed by Jupp and McIntosh, in which a goat or sheep is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Jupp and McIntosh placed an animal bait (goat, sheep) in a 2-inch wire mesh cage in the center of a mosquito net 7 ft long, 5.5 ft wide and 6 ft tall supported on poles and raised 8 inches from the ground. A large zippered panel allowed a collector to enter. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap made from netting, designed by Reid, in which a goat or one head of cattle is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Reid used another variation of a net trap for goats and cattle: a 10 ft long, 7ft high and 7ft wide net which had a 3 ft wide entrance in each long side which could be closed by a flap. leisen 2010-05-31T09:32:11Z VSMO:0001632 net trap of Reid Trap made from netting, designed by Reid, in which a goat or one head of cattle is used as bait to attract host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Reid used another variation of a net trap for goats and cattle: a 10 ft long, 7ft high and 7ft wide net which had a 3 ft wide entrance in each long side which could be closed by a flap. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Lumsden, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: The bait animal (for example a rabbit) is enclosed in a wire mesh cage placed at the center of a 70 cm diameter platform made of hardboard. Some 15 cm directly above the enclosed bait is a 30 cm tall cone made from the truncated sections of transparent cellulose acetate sheet separated by about 1 cm wide gaps. The upper end of the cone is attached to a 12 inch diameter fan. This is connected to a 20 cm high metal cylinder which has a 45 cm long fine wire mesh funnel projecting laterally which terminates in a small collecting bottle containing a killing agent. The trap is open around the platform containing the bait up to a height of 15 cm. The fan draws air upwards through the 15 cm opening and also through the 1 cm gaps between the cellulose sheets comprising the cone. The fan works for 2-5 min followed by an off period for 5 min. This allows vectors to settle undisturbed on or near the bait after which they are sucked up when the fan starts operating. leisen 2010-05-31T09:38:59Z VSMO:0001633 small animal-baited suction trap of Lumsden Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Lumsden, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: The bait animal (for example a rabbit) is enclosed in a wire mesh cage placed at the center of a 70 cm diameter platform made of hardboard. Some 15 cm directly above the enclosed bait is a 30 cm tall cone made from the truncated sections of transparent cellulose acetate sheet separated by about 1 cm wide gaps. The upper end of the cone is attached to a 12 inch diameter fan. This is connected to a 20 cm high metal cylinder which has a 45 cm long fine wire mesh funnel projecting laterally which terminates in a small collecting bottle containing a killing agent. The trap is open around the platform containing the bait up to a height of 15 cm. The fan draws air upwards through the 15 cm opening and also through the 1 cm gaps between the cellulose sheets comprising the cone. The fan works for 2-5 min followed by an off period for 5 min. This allows vectors to settle undisturbed on or near the bait after which they are sucked up when the fan starts operating. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Minter, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: In this modification of the small animal-baited suction trap of Lumsden, Minter used a metal base plate to place the bait and a perspex cone that can be raised or lowered to account for the size of the bait animal. leisen 2010-05-31T09:56:48Z VSMO:0001634 small animal-baited suction trap of Minter Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Minter, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: In this modification of the small animal-baited suction trap of Lumsden, Minter used a metal base plate to place the bait and a perspex cone that can be raised or lowered to account for the size of the bait animal. ISBN:1851667989 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Service, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: This trap consists of a 38 x 48 x 50 cm mesh cage (1 inch mesh wire) placed about 35 cm above the ground near the suction trap (Johnson-Taylor suction trap). The end of a 1.75 m length of 25 cm diameter flexible tubing attached to the top of the fan rests on top of the cage. The fan is on a 3 min on and 7 min off cycle. Vectors are sucked up the tubing into a collecting receptacle. leisen 2010-05-31T10:00:46Z VSMO:0001635 small animal-baited suction trap of Service Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Service, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: This trap consists of a 38 x 48 x 50 cm mesh cage (1 inch mesh wire) placed about 35 cm above the ground near the suction trap (Johnson-Taylor suction trap). The end of a 1.75 m length of 25 cm diameter flexible tubing attached to the top of the fan rests on top of the cage. The fan is on a 3 min on and 7 min off cycle. Vectors are sucked up the tubing into a collecting receptacle. ISBN:1851667989 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Means, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: Means used a 6 V car battery to operate, from 1 min out of every 15 min, a fan to suck down into a glass jar filled with alcohol, vectors attracted to small bait animals enclosed in hard cloth or chicken wire and placed above the fan. leisen 2010-05-31T10:03:08Z VSMO:0001636 small animal-baited suction trap of Means Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Means, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: Means used a 6 V car battery to operate, from 1 min out of every 15 min, a fan to suck down into a glass jar filled with alcohol, vectors attracted to small bait animals enclosed in hard cloth or chicken wire and placed above the fan. ISBN:1851667989 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Nasci and Edman, in which a pigeon is used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: Nasci and Edman converted a New Jersey light trap into a baited suction trap by raising the rain shield to a height of 38 cm and inserting a concave aluminum collar extending 10 cm outwards from the air intake to maximize suction. After removing the bulb a pigeon was placed in a 23 cm tall, 18 cm diameter cylindrical mesh bait cage positioned over the motor supports. Double screening of the bait cage prevented vectors from biting the bait. A timer switched the suction trap in for 1 min and blew the catch into a cyanide jar, this was followed by a 4 min off period. Power came from a 12 V battery. leisen 2010-05-31T10:05:28Z VSMO:0001637 small animal-baited suction trap of Nasci and Edman Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, designed by Nasci and Edman, in which a pigeon is used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. COMMENT: Nasci and Edman converted a New Jersey light trap into a baited suction trap by raising the rain shield to a height of 38 cm and inserting a concave aluminum collar extending 10 cm outwards from the air intake to maximize suction. After removing the bulb a pigeon was placed in a 23 cm tall, 18 cm diameter cylindrical mesh bait cage positioned over the motor supports. Double screening of the bait cage prevented vectors from biting the bait. A timer switched the suction trap in for 1 min and blew the catch into a cyanide jar, this was followed by a 4 min off period. Power came from a 12 V battery. ISBN:1851667989 Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. leisen 2010-05-31T10:17:25Z VSMO:0001638 small animal-baited suction trap Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which small animals are used as the primary attractant and which includes a suction action to increase trapping efficiency. VSMO:Authors Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which an animal bait (human or non-human) is used as the primary attractant. 2010-05-31T04:06:49Z VSMO:0001639 animal-baited trap for host-seeking adult arthropods Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, in which an animal bait (human or non-human) is used as the primary attractant. VSMO:Authors Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait. leisen 2010-05-31T04:16:03Z VSMO:0001640 trap without animal bait for host-seeking adult arthropods Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait. VSMO:Authors Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait and does not include a power source. leisen 2010-05-31T04:18:09Z VSMO:0001641 unpowered trap without animal bait for host-seeking adult arthropods Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait and does not include a power source. VSMO:Authors Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait but requires a power source to operate. leisen 2010-05-31T04:19:54Z VSMO:0001642 powered trap without animal bait for host-seeking adult arthropods Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait but requires a power source to operate. VSMO:Authors Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait, does not include a power source, and is free-standing rather than attached to a building. leisen 2010-05-31T04:21:38Z VSMO:0001643 unpowered free-standing trap Trap for host-seeking adult arthropods, which functions without an animal bait, does not include a power source, and is free-standing rather than attached to a building. VSMO:Authors Black and white color variation of Malaise trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Townes. COMMENT: The four basic parts of the trap are as follows: (1) a wooden frame about 76 inches square and 50 inches tall held in position with guy ropes and within which the trap is supported (this is not an essential component, and is not needed if the trap can be suspended between conveniently placed trees etc.); (2) a lower part of the trap, which consists of four baffles set at right angles to each other and made from two pieces of 102 x 42 inches, black mosquito netting; (3) a pyramid of white netting divided by four white baffles fixed over the framework and lower baffles; (4) a collecting jar consisting of a curved metal cone leading to a transparent plastic funnel, underneath which is a killing bottle, which is fitted over the opening in the apex of the pyramid. Insects flying into the trap are prevented from escaping by the lower baffles and fly upwards into the lightest part of the trap, and eventually pass into the killing jar. leisen 2010-05-31T04:28:33Z VSMO:0001644 Townes-type Malaise trap Black and white color variation of Malaise trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Townes. COMMENT: The four basic parts of the trap are as follows: (1) a wooden frame about 76 inches square and 50 inches tall held in position with guy ropes and within which the trap is supported (this is not an essential component, and is not needed if the trap can be suspended between conveniently placed trees etc.); (2) a lower part of the trap, which consists of four baffles set at right angles to each other and made from two pieces of 102 x 42 inches, black mosquito netting; (3) a pyramid of white netting divided by four white baffles fixed over the framework and lower baffles; (4) a collecting jar consisting of a curved metal cone leading to a transparent plastic funnel, underneath which is a killing bottle, which is fitted over the opening in the apex of the pyramid. Insects flying into the trap are prevented from escaping by the lower baffles and fly upwards into the lightest part of the trap, and eventually pass into the killing jar. ISBN:9781402066658 Malaise type trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Marston. COMMENT: Marston described a trap made by suspending the net part of a Malaise trap within a framework of tubular aluminum having telescopic legs, such as used in tents. leisen 2010-05-31T04:34:12Z VSMO:0001645 Marston-type Malaise trap Malaise type trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Marston. COMMENT: Marston described a trap made by suspending the net part of a Malaise trap within a framework of tubular aluminum having telescopic legs, such as used in tents. ISBN:9781402066658 Black color variation of Malaise trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Gressitt and Gressitt. COMMENT: Gressitt and Gressitt developed a malaise-type trap where the net is made from black nylon organdie and consists of a central median panel 7 m long and 3.6 m high, with two end-panels 1.8 m wide and set at right angles. The roof is made to slope downwards on either side of the central panel. Panels 20 cm wide are sewn to the edges of the roof and the side panels and slant inwards to help retain the catch. At the two ends of the central panel the nylon netting of the roof and the end panels is extended to form a cone of netting leading to a plastic cylindrical collecting tube. A straight length of rope is run along under the center of the roof adjacent to the central panel, to emerge through the conical extensions. The two plastic collecting tubes are fixed to this rope, which is slanted upwards and tied to a tree. Each collecting tube is 22 x 10 cm with an inverted funnel at the entrance. The opposite end of the tube is removable and contains a small container with a perforated removable lid. A killing agent is placed in the small tube. Two thinner pieces of rope support the two outer edges of the roof panel, and are tied to a tree or staked to the ground some distance from the trap. Rope is used to tie down the four bottom corners of the side panels and the two corners of the median panel. Finally, a 30-cm high double strip of heavy black cotton poplin is sewn on to the lower edge of the median panel to help weight it down. leisen 2010-05-31T04:38:40Z VSMO:0001646 Gressit-type Malaise trap Black color variation of Malaise trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Gressitt and Gressitt. COMMENT: Gressitt and Gressitt developed a malaise-type trap where the net is made from black nylon organdie and consists of a central median panel 7 m long and 3.6 m high, with two end-panels 1.8 m wide and set at right angles. The roof is made to slope downwards on either side of the central panel. Panels 20 cm wide are sewn to the edges of the roof and the side panels and slant inwards to help retain the catch. At the two ends of the central panel the nylon netting of the roof and the end panels is extended to form a cone of netting leading to a plastic cylindrical collecting tube. A straight length of rope is run along under the center of the roof adjacent to the central panel, to emerge through the conical extensions. The two plastic collecting tubes are fixed to this rope, which is slanted upwards and tied to a tree. Each collecting tube is 22 x 10 cm with an inverted funnel at the entrance. The opposite end of the tube is removable and contains a small container with a perforated removable lid. A killing agent is placed in the small tube. Two thinner pieces of rope support the two outer edges of the roof panel, and are tied to a tree or staked to the ground some distance from the trap. Rope is used to tie down the four bottom corners of the side panels and the two corners of the median panel. Finally, a 30-cm high double strip of heavy black cotton poplin is sewn on to the lower edge of the median panel to help weight it down. ISBN:9781402066658 Malaise type trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Butler. COMMENT: Butler's malaise-type trap is made from a mosquito bed-net by cutting out one of the longer side panels, but leaving a 1-ft deep strip along the top edge. For greater strength it is advisable, though not essential, to sew a 10-inch square piece of cloth into the middle of the roof panel before a hole is cut out from it and a metal cylinder (coffee tin with both ends removed), is inserted. A transparent plastic bag is tied by an elastic band to the top end of the cylinder. A killing agent can be placed at the bottom of the plastic bag. Two light pieces of wood (dowels, bamboo canes, etc.) are inserted across the inside of the two short sides of the roof panel to hold the net open. A long loop of nylon cord is attached to each of the projecting ends of the wooden supports. A piece of wire or string is passed under each nylon loop and attached in the middle to the top of the cylinder and its end secured to a tree. This arrangement results in pulling the center of the roof panel upwards about 18 inches so that a funnel-shaped roof is formed that leads to the collecting bag. leisen 2010-05-31T04:42:18Z VSMO:0001647 Butler-type Malaise trap Malaise type trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Butler. COMMENT: Butler's malaise-type trap is made from a mosquito bed-net by cutting out one of the longer side panels, but leaving a 1-ft deep strip along the top edge. For greater strength it is advisable, though not essential, to sew a 10-inch square piece of cloth into the middle of the roof panel before a hole is cut out from it and a metal cylinder (coffee tin with both ends removed), is inserted. A transparent plastic bag is tied by an elastic band to the top end of the cylinder. A killing agent can be placed at the bottom of the plastic bag. Two light pieces of wood (dowels, bamboo canes, etc.) are inserted across the inside of the two short sides of the roof panel to hold the net open. A long loop of nylon cord is attached to each of the projecting ends of the wooden supports. A piece of wire or string is passed under each nylon loop and attached in the middle to the top of the cylinder and its end secured to a tree. This arrangement results in pulling the center of the roof panel upwards about 18 inches so that a funnel-shaped roof is formed that leads to the collecting bag. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in the form of a large, tent-like structure. COMMENT: Originally designed in the 1930s by Malaise. Several variations of the Malaise trap have been developed for flying insect vectors including mosquitoes and tabanids. leisen 2010-05-31T04:44:00Z VSMO:0001648 Malaise-type trap Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in the form of a large, tent-like structure. COMMENT: Originally designed in the 1930s by Malaise. Several variations of the Malaise trap have been developed for flying insect vectors including mosquitoes and tabanids. VSMO:Authors Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in the form of a vertical plastic window which knocks arthropods that collide with it into a killing solution. COMMENT: For example, Jonsson developed a free-standing window trap consisting of a 16 x 20-cm perspex box, 16 cm high and divided in the middle by a 20 x 36-cm sheet of perspex (window). The two compartments of the box are filled to a depth of about 12 cm with 4-6% formalin containing a few drops of detergent; in winter ethylene glycol can be added to prevent freezing. One or two holes drilled in one side of the box at 12 cm and covered with fine netting prevent the trap overflowing after heavy rain. Traps are mounted on aluminium poles. Flying insects on hitting the transparent vertical plastic window fall into the formalin. The window trap may catch vectors that are seeking a host or moving for other purposes. leisen 2010-05-31T04:48:23Z VSMO:0001649 free-standing window trap Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in the form of a vertical plastic window which knocks arthropods that collide with it into a killing solution. COMMENT: For example, Jonsson developed a free-standing window trap consisting of a 16 x 20-cm perspex box, 16 cm high and divided in the middle by a 20 x 36-cm sheet of perspex (window). The two compartments of the box are filled to a depth of about 12 cm with 4-6% formalin containing a few drops of detergent; in winter ethylene glycol can be added to prevent freezing. One or two holes drilled in one side of the box at 12 cm and covered with fine netting prevent the trap overflowing after heavy rain. Traps are mounted on aluminium poles. Flying insects on hitting the transparent vertical plastic window fall into the formalin. The window trap may catch vectors that are seeking a host or moving for other purposes. ISBN:9781402066658 Ramp trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Gillies. COMMENT: The trap is used at, or just above, ground level. It is composed of two separate parts, a ramp unit and a detachable collecting cage. The ramp consists of a wooden frame 6 ft long and 3 ft wide, covered with plastic or glass fiber netting and fixed by upright supports at an angle of 135 degrees. Two triangular sections make up the ramp frame. Initially each side section has the two equal sides 4 ft 6 inches long, but the upper inner corners are cut off to leave an upper side about 4 ft 2 inches long. These two sections are mounted on either side of the ramp platform and a 4 ft 2 inches long, 3 ft wide roof rests horizontally across them. When these side frames are fitted together, a 4 inch gap, through which mosquitoes pass into the collecting cage, is left between the top edge of the ramp and the inner edge of the roof. The framework of the entire ramp unit is covered with netting. The collecting cage, which is 3 ft 5 inches wide, 1 ft 5 inches deep and 2 ft high, fits tightly against the vertical supports of the ramp. A horizontal strut fixed some 7 inches from the top of the cage enables it to rest across the roof of the ramp. The section of the front wall that fits over the ramp is covered with wood, while the rest of the cage is covered with netting. There is nothing critical about the dimensions of the trap; all that is required is a suitably inclined ramp that will guide mosquitoes into a collecting cage. leisen 2010-05-31T04:52:21Z VSMO:0001650 ramp trap of Gillies Ramp trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Gillies. COMMENT: The trap is used at, or just above, ground level. It is composed of two separate parts, a ramp unit and a detachable collecting cage. The ramp consists of a wooden frame 6 ft long and 3 ft wide, covered with plastic or glass fiber netting and fixed by upright supports at an angle of 135 degrees. Two triangular sections make up the ramp frame. Initially each side section has the two equal sides 4 ft 6 inches long, but the upper inner corners are cut off to leave an upper side about 4 ft 2 inches long. These two sections are mounted on either side of the ramp platform and a 4 ft 2 inches long, 3 ft wide roof rests horizontally across them. When these side frames are fitted together, a 4 inch gap, through which mosquitoes pass into the collecting cage, is left between the top edge of the ramp and the inner edge of the roof. The framework of the entire ramp unit is covered with netting. The collecting cage, which is 3 ft 5 inches wide, 1 ft 5 inches deep and 2 ft high, fits tightly against the vertical supports of the ramp. A horizontal strut fixed some 7 inches from the top of the cage enables it to rest across the roof of the ramp. The section of the front wall that fits over the ramp is covered with wood, while the rest of the cage is covered with netting. There is nothing critical about the dimensions of the trap; all that is required is a suitably inclined ramp that will guide mosquitoes into a collecting cage. ISBN:9781402066658 Ramp trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Gillies and Wilkes. COMMENT: The most important change in design from the ramp trap of Gillies is the separation of the ramp from the collecting cage. This cage is 2 ft high, 3 ft wide, 1 ft 6 in deep and covered with plastic netting and is mounted on a 4 ft high stand. A 3 inch entry slit with a hinged wooden lid is made in the cage. The ramp unit consists of a sloping rectangular frame covered with wide-mesh nylon netting which is hooked on to the top of the cage stand. Its bottom edge rests on the ground 6 ft in front of the stand supporting the collecting cage. The tops of two 6-ft high vertical stakes inserted into the ground on either side of the bottom edge of the ramp are connected to the cage by horizontal bamboo canes. The funnel-shaped framework that results from this construction is covered with wide-mesh, double weave cotton netting. This netting was chosen in preference to ordinary mosquito netting as it presents less wind resistance. The funnel entrance to the trap is about 6 ft high and a little less than 6 ft wide. In general these traps caught larger numbers of mosquitoes than the older type, presumably due, at least in part, to the larger cross-sectional area of the ramp entrance. leisen 2010-05-31T04:58:25Z VSMO:0001651 ramp trap of Gillies and Wilkes Ramp trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight designed by Gillies and Wilkes. COMMENT: The most important change in design from the ramp trap of Gillies is the separation of the ramp from the collecting cage. This cage is 2 ft high, 3 ft wide, 1 ft 6 in deep and covered with plastic netting and is mounted on a 4 ft high stand. A 3 inch entry slit with a hinged wooden lid is made in the cage. The ramp unit consists of a sloping rectangular frame covered with wide-mesh nylon netting which is hooked on to the top of the cage stand. Its bottom edge rests on the ground 6 ft in front of the stand supporting the collecting cage. The tops of two 6-ft high vertical stakes inserted into the ground on either side of the bottom edge of the ramp are connected to the cage by horizontal bamboo canes. The funnel-shaped framework that results from this construction is covered with wide-mesh, double weave cotton netting. This netting was chosen in preference to ordinary mosquito netting as it presents less wind resistance. The funnel entrance to the trap is about 6 ft high and a little less than 6 ft wide. In general these traps caught larger numbers of mosquitoes than the older type, presumably due, at least in part, to the larger cross-sectional area of the ramp entrance. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in the form of a ramp which allows for entry from only one direction and leads into a collection cage. COMMENT: Ramp traps may catch vectors that are seeking a host or moving for other purposes. leisen 2010-05-31T05:01:19Z VSMO:0001652 ramp trap Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in the form of a ramp which allows for entry from only one direction and leads into a collection cage. COMMENT: Ramp traps may catch vectors that are seeking a host or moving for other purposes. VSMO:Authors Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in the form of a stationary net. COMMENT: Stationary net traps may catch vectors that are seeking a host or moving for other purposes. leisen 2010-05-31T05:05:25Z VSMO:0001653 stationary net trap Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in the form of a stationary net. COMMENT: Stationary net traps may catch vectors that are seeking a host or moving for other purposes. ISBN:9781402066658 Stationary net trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, in which the opening is permanently fixed in one direction. COMMENT: Mosquitoes have occasionally been sampled by horizontal nets in which the opening, which is perpendicular to the ground, is permanently fixed in one direction. The trap consists of dark blue nylon netting made into the shape of a pyramid with a 2 x 2 m entrance narrowing at the opposite end to an 18 cm diameter opening. The four corners of the funnel-like net are fastened to curtain rings that can be slid up and down two vertical metal supporting rods. A 2.5 m long, 18 cm diameter, cylindrical white nylon sleeve is fixed to the apex of the funnel and held out horizontally by tying the distal end to an upright support. Nielsen used a unit consisting of two nets mounted one above the other to study the dispersal of mosquitoes from their breeding places. leisen 2010-05-31T05:07:41Z VSMO:0001654 fixed stationary net trap Stationary net trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, in which the opening is permanently fixed in one direction. COMMENT: Mosquitoes have occasionally been sampled by horizontal nets in which the opening, which is perpendicular to the ground, is permanently fixed in one direction. The trap consists of dark blue nylon netting made into the shape of a pyramid with a 2 x 2 m entrance narrowing at the opposite end to an 18 cm diameter opening. The four corners of the funnel-like net are fastened to curtain rings that can be slid up and down two vertical metal supporting rods. A 2.5 m long, 18 cm diameter, cylindrical white nylon sleeve is fixed to the apex of the funnel and held out horizontally by tying the distal end to an upright support. Nielsen used a unit consisting of two nets mounted one above the other to study the dispersal of mosquitoes from their breeding places. ISBN:9781402066658 Stationary net trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, in which the net trap is pivoted so that the opening always faces into the wind. COMMENT: Although mosquitoes have been sometimes successfully caught in fixed stationary nets as described under the previous heading, nets used to sample aerial populations of insects are usually pivoted so that their openings always face into the wind. Such nets are commonly referred to as tow nets, which can be misleading as they are not pulled or towed through the air. They do not sample mosquitoes flying in one particular direction, but those flying with the wind. leisen 2010-05-31T05:07:41Z VSMO:0001655 wind-orientated stationary net trap Stationary net trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, in which the net trap is pivoted so that the opening always faces into the wind. COMMENT: Although mosquitoes have been sometimes successfully caught in fixed stationary nets as described under the previous heading, nets used to sample aerial populations of insects are usually pivoted so that their openings always face into the wind. Such nets are commonly referred to as tow nets, which can be misleading as they are not pulled or towed through the air. They do not sample mosquitoes flying in one particular direction, but those flying with the wind. ISBN:9781402066658 Stationary net trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, in which the net trap is affixed to a kite. COMMENT: Numerous kite-type trap designs have been described and many ready-made kites can be purchased. Because aerial densities of insects can be low the cross-sectional area of the entrance of the tow net is made as large as the lifting power of the kite in a light wind will allow, while the terylene 0.5 mm mesh net is made as light as possible. leisen 2010-05-31T05:07:41Z VSMO:0001656 kite-type stationary net trap Stationary net trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, in which the net trap is affixed to a kite. COMMENT: Numerous kite-type trap designs have been described and many ready-made kites can be purchased. Because aerial densities of insects can be low the cross-sectional area of the entrance of the tow net is made as large as the lifting power of the kite in a light wind will allow, while the terylene 0.5 mm mesh net is made as light as possible. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap mounted on a vehicle to collect adult arthropods in general flight. COMMENT: Traps of various shapes and sizes can be pulled or towed through the air by airplanes or on land by various vehicles. By adjusting the speed of the vehicle it is possible to control the volume of air sampled, but sampling is not from a point source but from a transect. leisen 2010-05-31T05:16:28Z VSMO:0001657 vehicle-mounted trap Trap mounted on a vehicle to collect adult arthropods in general flight. COMMENT: Traps of various shapes and sizes can be pulled or towed through the air by airplanes or on land by various vehicles. By adjusting the speed of the vehicle it is possible to control the volume of air sampled, but sampling is not from a point source but from a transect. VSMO:Authors Collection net with a rapidly ascending mode of action to capture adult arthropods. COMMENT: This relates to a net that is rapidly ascending. Nielsen and Greve used a net is made of tulle and weighs only 125 g; it is 250 cm long, 60 cm across at the opening but tapers to a narrow cylindrical section only 20 cm in diameter. An 8 m length of line from a hydrogen-filled balloonis attached to three equally spaced strings fixed to the edge of the opening. Another fine length of line is attached to the rim of the net and threaded through a loop made 50 cm from the net in the balloon line. With this arrangement the opening of the net is placed vertically and does not sample the air as the line is slackened to let the net and balloon rise to the desired height. Then by tugging on the line the net is released and its opening now points directly upwards. By releasing the brake on a drum, on to which the line is wound, the net is allowed to ascend rapidly, about 200 m/min, to sample the air. Finally, by pulling on the line the net is closed and slowly hauled down. leisen 2010-05-31T05:23:21Z VSMO:0001658 ascending net Collection net with a rapidly ascending mode of action to capture adult arthropods. COMMENT: This relates to a net that is rapidly ascending. Nielsen and Greve used a net is made of tulle and weighs only 125 g; it is 250 cm long, 60 cm across at the opening but tapers to a narrow cylindrical section only 20 cm in diameter. An 8 m length of line from a hydrogen-filled balloonis attached to three equally spaced strings fixed to the edge of the opening. Another fine length of line is attached to the rim of the net and threaded through a loop made 50 cm from the net in the balloon line. With this arrangement the opening of the net is placed vertically and does not sample the air as the line is slackened to let the net and balloon rise to the desired height. Then by tugging on the line the net is released and its opening now points directly upwards. By releasing the brake on a drum, on to which the line is wound, the net is allowed to ascend rapidly, about 200 m/min, to sample the air. Finally, by pulling on the line the net is closed and slowly hauled down. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap mounted to a ground vehicle to collect adult arthropods in general flight. leisen 2010-05-31T05:26:50Z VSMO:0001659 ground vehicle-mounted trap Trap mounted to a ground vehicle to collect adult arthropods in general flight. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Bidlingmayer and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Bidlingmayer designed a trap consisting of a pyramidal frame-work of 2 x 2 inches wood covered on the inside with glass fiber mesh screening. The opening is 2 ft high and 7 ft wide, and the trap tapers back, about 10 ft to end in a 4 x 4 inches opening. The leading edges are made of tempered hardboard. A projection about 15 inch long is attached to the top of the trap to support the end of the cloth collecting bag which is tied to the end of the trap. The trap is mounted a few inches above the roof of a vehicle with the front edge projecting over the windscreen. The vehicle is driven at 20 to 25 mph and at the end of a run, usually of several miles, the bag is quickly removed and replaced by an empty one. leisen 2010-05-31T05:29:35Z VSMO:0001660 truck-mounted trap of Bidlingmeyer Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Bidlingmayer and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Bidlingmayer designed a trap consisting of a pyramidal frame-work of 2 x 2 inches wood covered on the inside with glass fiber mesh screening. The opening is 2 ft high and 7 ft wide, and the trap tapers back, about 10 ft to end in a 4 x 4 inches opening. The leading edges are made of tempered hardboard. A projection about 15 inch long is attached to the top of the trap to support the end of the cloth collecting bag which is tied to the end of the trap. The trap is mounted a few inches above the roof of a vehicle with the front edge projecting over the windscreen. The vehicle is driven at 20 to 25 mph and at the end of a run, usually of several miles, the bag is quickly removed and replaced by an empty one. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Loy and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Loy designed a lightweight truck trap weighing less than 25 lb to enable it to be taken as personal baggage on passenger airlines. The trap was constructed of 3/4 inch aluminum tubing, and the opening of their final model was 5 ft wide and 2 ft high. To reduce the bulkiness of the trap, each of the longer sides was provided with a 2 ft removable section, held in position with sliding pins (split pins). When dismantled and folded the maximum dimensions were 1.5 x 2 ft. Nylon netting was used to make the pyramidal collecting funnel, but the anterior 12 inches into which the frame was sewn, was made from smooth fabric. A 4 inch diameter fabric sleeve was sewn into the apical opening of the trap and glued into a 4 inch diameter collecting tube. A standard CDC trap collecting bag was fitted over the other end of the collecting tube. The trap was mounted on top of a frame made of telescopic aluminium tubing. Suction cups and straps were used to secure the trap to the top of almost any vehicle. Guy ropes were attached from the top edge of the trap opening to a convenient structure on the vehicle to help hold the trap in position. leisen 2010-05-31T05:31:05Z VSMO:0001661 truck-mounted trap of Loy Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Loy and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Loy designed a lightweight truck trap weighing less than 25 lb to enable it to be taken as personal baggage on passenger airlines. The trap was constructed of 3/4 inch aluminum tubing, and the opening of their final model was 5 ft wide and 2 ft high. To reduce the bulkiness of the trap, each of the longer sides was provided with a 2 ft removable section, held in position with sliding pins (split pins). When dismantled and folded the maximum dimensions were 1.5 x 2 ft. Nylon netting was used to make the pyramidal collecting funnel, but the anterior 12 inches into which the frame was sewn, was made from smooth fabric. A 4 inch diameter fabric sleeve was sewn into the apical opening of the trap and glued into a 4 inch diameter collecting tube. A standard CDC trap collecting bag was fitted over the other end of the collecting tube. The trap was mounted on top of a frame made of telescopic aluminium tubing. Suction cups and straps were used to secure the trap to the top of almost any vehicle. Guy ropes were attached from the top edge of the trap opening to a convenient structure on the vehicle to help hold the trap in position. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Dyce and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Dyce developed a truck trap with small sleeve-like terylene voile collecting bags mounted on top of a vehicle. leisen 2010-05-31T05:34:00Z VSMO:0001662 truck-mounted trap of Dyce Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Dyce and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Dyce developed a truck trap with small sleeve-like terylene voile collecting bags mounted on top of a vehicle. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Janousek and Olson and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Janousek and Olson used a funnel-shaped 16 mesh nylon net secured to the roof of a motor vehicle. The opening of the trap measured 122 x 76 cm, tapering to a 10 cm circular opening at the posterior end, where a collecting bag was attached. leisen 2010-05-31T05:35:18Z VSMO:0001663 truck-mounted trap of Janousek and Olson Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Janousek and Olson and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Janousek and Olson used a funnel-shaped 16 mesh nylon net secured to the roof of a motor vehicle. The opening of the trap measured 122 x 76 cm, tapering to a 10 cm circular opening at the posterior end, where a collecting bag was attached. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Grieco and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Grieco developed a truck trap where the frame of the net was constructed from 1/2 inch PVC tubing covered with green polyester netting, with a mesh size of 530 micrometers. The trap opening measured 4 ft by 3 ft and was positioned with the base of the opening 6 inches above the roof of the vehicle. A plastic funnel encased in a PVC pipe-coupler was fitted to the tapered end of the net. Collecting cups consisted of ice-cream containers with the bottoms removed and replaced with two alternating pieces of dental dam with single 1 inch slits cut in their centers. The constant forward motion of the vehicle created sufficient airflow to keep mosquitoes in the collection cup. The vehicle was driven at a speed of 10 mph along a one-mile section of road. leisen 2010-05-31T05:36:40Z VSMO:0001664 truck-mounted trap of Grieco Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Grieco and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Grieco developed a truck trap where the frame of the net was constructed from 1/2 inch PVC tubing covered with green polyester netting, with a mesh size of 530 micrometers. The trap opening measured 4 ft by 3 ft and was positioned with the base of the opening 6 inches above the roof of the vehicle. A plastic funnel encased in a PVC pipe-coupler was fitted to the tapered end of the net. Collecting cups consisted of ice-cream containers with the bottoms removed and replaced with two alternating pieces of dental dam with single 1 inch slits cut in their centers. The constant forward motion of the vehicle created sufficient airflow to keep mosquitoes in the collection cup. The vehicle was driven at a speed of 10 mph along a one-mile section of road. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Steelman and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Steelman constructed a lightweight trap weighing about 35 lb made from a framework of angular aluminum and covered with glass fiber netting. An 18 inch long sleeve at the end of their trap folded on itself when the vehicle stopped, thus preventing the catch escaping. The trap was used on a variety of motor vehicles, and also mounted on the front of a power boat. leisen 2010-05-31T05:39:53Z VSMO:0001665 truck-mounted trap of Steelman Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Steelman and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Steelman constructed a lightweight trap weighing about 35 lb made from a framework of angular aluminum and covered with glass fiber netting. An 18 inch long sleeve at the end of their trap folded on itself when the vehicle stopped, thus preventing the catch escaping. The trap was used on a variety of motor vehicles, and also mounted on the front of a power boat. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Sommerman and Simmet and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: In the truck trap of Sommerman and Simmet, there is a rectangular funnel opening 36 inches wide and 21 inches high, but because the catch is diverted down into the front of the vehicle the trap only extends backwards 21 inches. Because of this a single funnel is not suitable for catching and retaining the mosquitoes. Instead the opening is composed of 12 small rectangular funnels (7 x 9 inches, about 15 inches deep) having steep sides (76 to 78 degrees) and arranged in three rows. Mosquitoes collected in these separate funnels are conducted by 12 flexible plastic tubes into a funnel mounted vertically outside and just above the driver's window. A flexible tube from this concentrating funnel guides the mosquitoes into the collecting cage attached to the sun visor inside the vehicle. leisen 2010-05-31T05:41:03Z VSMO:0001666 truck-mounted trap of Sommerman and Simmet Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Sommerman and Simmet and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: In the truck trap of Sommerman and Simmet, there is a rectangular funnel opening 36 inches wide and 21 inches high, but because the catch is diverted down into the front of the vehicle the trap only extends backwards 21 inches. Because of this a single funnel is not suitable for catching and retaining the mosquitoes. Instead the opening is composed of 12 small rectangular funnels (7 x 9 inches, about 15 inches deep) having steep sides (76 to 78 degrees) and arranged in three rows. Mosquitoes collected in these separate funnels are conducted by 12 flexible plastic tubes into a funnel mounted vertically outside and just above the driver's window. A flexible tube from this concentrating funnel guides the mosquitoes into the collecting cage attached to the sun visor inside the vehicle. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Roberts and Kumar and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Roberts and Kumar used a 1 m high x 1.5 m wide x 2 m long net tapering to a 5 cm cylinder mounted on the roof of a vehicle to collect sandflies. A removable collecting bag was attached to the cylinder at the narrow end of the trap and the vehicle was driven at 40 km/h for 15 km along a road. leisen 2010-06-01T07:52:31Z VSMO:0001668 truck-mounted trap of Roberts and Kumar Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Roberts and Kumar and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Roberts and Kumar used a 1 m high x 1.5 m wide x 2 m long net tapering to a 5 cm cylinder mounted on the roof of a vehicle to collect sandflies. A removable collecting bag was attached to the cylinder at the narrow end of the trap and the vehicle was driven at 40 km/h for 15 km along a road. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Holbrook and Wuerthele and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Holbrook and Wuerthele constructed a lightweight (19 kg) portable vehicle-mounted trap. It was fixed in front of a vehicle to avoid turbulence caused by air passing over the front end of the car. The frame and supporting upright mounts fixing the trap to the front bumper are made of lightweight metal tubing about 1.9 cm in diameter. The forward and rearward sections of the trap are of light canvas. The 256 cm long middle section is made of fine mosquito netting with an entrance of 195 x 85 cm tapering to a 10 cm diameter opening at the rear which is connected to a removable 30 cm long netting bag. The longest section of the trap is 112 cm, and all parts are easily packed into a fabric carrying case. leisen 2010-06-01T07:55:44Z VSMO:0001669 truck-mounted trap of Holbrook and Wuerthele Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Holbrook and Wuerthele and mounted on a truck. COMMENT: Holbrook and Wuerthele constructed a lightweight (19 kg) portable vehicle-mounted trap. It was fixed in front of a vehicle to avoid turbulence caused by air passing over the front end of the car. The frame and supporting upright mounts fixing the trap to the front bumper are made of lightweight metal tubing about 1.9 cm in diameter. The forward and rearward sections of the trap are of light canvas. The 256 cm long middle section is made of fine mosquito netting with an entrance of 195 x 85 cm tapering to a 10 cm diameter opening at the rear which is connected to a removable 30 cm long netting bag. The longest section of the trap is 112 cm, and all parts are easily packed into a fabric carrying case. ISBN:9781402066658 Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Hill and mounted on a bicycle. COMMENT: The bicycle-mounted trap of Hill consists of a 60 cm long wooden frame covered with fine wire mesh mosquito netting having an opening 50 cm square tapering to the rear end, which is 20 cm square. The trap is suspended from the luggage carrier of a bicycle and positioned adjacent to the rear wheel about 15-20 cm from the ground. Mosquitoes collected in the trap could not be forced into a collecting bag at its rear, consequently the catch was removed at the end of each run with a battery operated aspirator. Two modifications were suggested, namely that if the trap was mounted on the front wheel then a larger one could be used and there would be less turbulence around the mouth of the trap; secondly, if the trap was mounted on a small motorcycle it would be easier to handle and maintain at a constant speed. leisen 2010-06-01T07:58:33Z VSMO:0001670 bicycle-mounted trap Ground vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Hill and mounted on a bicycle. COMMENT: The bicycle-mounted trap of Hill consists of a 60 cm long wooden frame covered with fine wire mesh mosquito netting having an opening 50 cm square tapering to the rear end, which is 20 cm square. The trap is suspended from the luggage carrier of a bicycle and positioned adjacent to the rear wheel about 15-20 cm from the ground. Mosquitoes collected in the trap could not be forced into a collecting bag at its rear, consequently the catch was removed at the end of each run with a battery operated aspirator. Two modifications were suggested, namely that if the trap was mounted on the front wheel then a larger one could be used and there would be less turbulence around the mouth of the trap; secondly, if the trap was mounted on a small motorcycle it would be easier to handle and maintain at a constant speed. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap mounted to an air-borne vehicle to collect adult arthropods in general flight. leisen 2010-06-01T08:04:11Z VSMO:0001671 air-borne vehicle-mounted trap Trap mounted to an air-borne vehicle to collect adult arthropods in general flight. VSMO:Authors Air-borne vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Gottwald and Tedders and mounted on a remote-controlled model plane. COMMENT: Gottwald and Tedders described a 2.04 m long model biplane having a 2.44 m wingspan which was powered by a 4 hp chainsaw motor, controlled in flight by a 7 channel FM radio. A conical 19 cm diameter, 35.6 cm long net, which could be opened and closed by remote ground control, was placed on either side of the fuselage between the upper and lower wings. leisen 2010-06-01T08:05:08Z VSMO:0001672 remote-controlled plane-mounted trap of Gottwald and Tedders Air-borne vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Gottwald and Tedders and mounted on a remote-controlled model plane. COMMENT: Gottwald and Tedders described a 2.04 m long model biplane having a 2.44 m wingspan which was powered by a 4 hp chainsaw motor, controlled in flight by a 7 channel FM radio. A conical 19 cm diameter, 35.6 cm long net, which could be opened and closed by remote ground control, was placed on either side of the fuselage between the upper and lower wings. ISBN:9781402066658 Air-borne vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Reling and Taylor and mounted on a remote-controlled model plane. COMMENT: Reling and Taylor described a collapsible 68.6 cm diameter net for trapping aerial populations that sampled some 647 cubic m of air/min. The net is inexpensive and can be fitted, with virtually no modification, to a light monoplane aircraft. leisen 2010-06-01T08:07:03Z VSMO:0001673 remote-controlled plane-mounted trap of Reling and Taylor Air-borne vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Reling and Taylor and mounted on a remote-controlled model plane. COMMENT: Reling and Taylor described a collapsible 68.6 cm diameter net for trapping aerial populations that sampled some 647 cubic m of air/min. The net is inexpensive and can be fitted, with virtually no modification, to a light monoplane aircraft. ISBN:9781402066658 Air-borne vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Killick-Kendrick and mounted on a remote-controlled model plane. COMMENT: Killick-Kendrick described a radio-controlled model plane having a 4 stroke engine and wingspan of 2.2 m, and flown at heights of 10 to 39 m, equipped with a 155 cm diameter 12 cm long pod supporting 30 or 75 cm long gauze nets fixed under each wing. leisen 2010-06-01T08:09:05Z VSMO:0001674 remote-controlled plane-mounted trap of Killick-Kendrick Air-borne vehicle-mounted trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Killick-Kendrick and mounted on a remote-controlled model plane. COMMENT: Killick-Kendrick described a radio-controlled model plane having a 4 stroke engine and wingspan of 2.2 m, and flown at heights of 10 to 39 m, equipped with a 155 cm diameter 12 cm long pod supporting 30 or 75 cm long gauze nets fixed under each wing. ISBN:9781402066658 Sticky trap to capture adult arthropods in general flight that operates without the use of an attractant. COMMENT: A variety of sticky compounds have been used for sticky traps without attractant including commercial tree banding resins (Bentley's Tree Grease, Tanglefoot, Stop Moth, Stickem, Deadline, Tack Trap, etc), various greases, castor oil and other oils, mixtures of oils and greases and commercial sticky adhesives. Bird repellents such as Beacon and Roost-No-More have also been used on sticky insect traps. Strong described a very cheap and simple system for dipping cardboard, wooden or metal panels in adhesives to coat them. Adhesives could be applied to as many as 140 panels per hour. Sticky adhesives can be applied to flat, horizontal or vertical surfaces, e.g. glass plates, boards and screens. Such sticky traps are usually directional, but if mounted at right angles to a wind vane they will trap wind-borne insects. Furthermore if four sticky flat surfaces are mounted at right angles to each other then mosquitoes from all directions will be caught. leisen 2010-06-01T08:12:18Z VSMO:0001675 sticky trap without attractant Sticky trap to capture adult arthropods in general flight that operates without the use of an attractant. COMMENT: A variety of sticky compounds have been used for sticky traps without attractant including commercial tree banding resins (Bentley's Tree Grease, Tanglefoot, Stop Moth, Stickem, Deadline, Tack Trap, etc), various greases, castor oil and other oils, mixtures of oils and greases and commercial sticky adhesives. Bird repellents such as Beacon and Roost-No-More have also been used on sticky insect traps. Strong described a very cheap and simple system for dipping cardboard, wooden or metal panels in adhesives to coat them. Adhesives could be applied to as many as 140 panels per hour. Sticky adhesives can be applied to flat, horizontal or vertical surfaces, e.g. glass plates, boards and screens. Such sticky traps are usually directional, but if mounted at right angles to a wind vane they will trap wind-borne insects. Furthermore if four sticky flat surfaces are mounted at right angles to each other then mosquitoes from all directions will be caught. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in which a sticky substance is included to capture arthropods. COMMENT: Sticky traps can be divided into two basic types, attractant and non-attractant. A great variety of sticky compounds have been used to construct sticky traps, including commercial tree banding resins, various greases, castor oil and other oils, mixtures of oils and greases and commercial sticky adhesives. leisen 2010-06-01T08:13:19Z VSMO:0001676 sticky trap Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in which a sticky substance is included to capture arthropods. COMMENT: Sticky traps can be divided into two basic types, attractant and non-attractant. A great variety of sticky compounds have been used to construct sticky traps, including commercial tree banding resins, various greases, castor oil and other oils, mixtures of oils and greases and commercial sticky adhesives. ISBN:9781402066658 Sticky entry-exit trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, or emerging adults, from subterranean drainage systems designed by Kay. COMMENT: Kay developed a sticky entry-exit trap for sampling mosquitoes entering or exiting subterranean drainage systems in Australia. The trap was constructed from a 310 mm long section of 55 mm outside diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with a spring steel clip punch-riveted to the top. Red-colored sticky cardboard, with a 310 x 15.5 mm area of proprietary adhesive on 1 side, was inserted into the tube, with the adhesive facing inwards. One end of the trap was covered with gauze and two tubes were attached to the underside of a manhole cover. One trap was positioned with the open end facing downwards and with the gauze-covered end against the underside of the manhole cover, covering the keyhole. This acted as the exit trap. The second pipe trap was positioned with the open end against the underside of the manhole cover and the gauze-covered end facing downwards. This trap collected mosquitoes entering the sewer system through the keyholes in the manhole cover. leisen 2010-06-01T08:22:24Z VSMO:0001677 sticky entry-exit trap of Kay Sticky entry-exit trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, or emerging adults, from subterranean drainage systems designed by Kay. COMMENT: Kay developed a sticky entry-exit trap for sampling mosquitoes entering or exiting subterranean drainage systems in Australia. The trap was constructed from a 310 mm long section of 55 mm outside diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with a spring steel clip punch-riveted to the top. Red-colored sticky cardboard, with a 310 x 15.5 mm area of proprietary adhesive on 1 side, was inserted into the tube, with the adhesive facing inwards. One end of the trap was covered with gauze and two tubes were attached to the underside of a manhole cover. One trap was positioned with the open end facing downwards and with the gauze-covered end against the underside of the manhole cover, covering the keyhole. This acted as the exit trap. The second pipe trap was positioned with the open end against the underside of the manhole cover and the gauze-covered end facing downwards. This trap collected mosquitoes entering the sewer system through the keyholes in the manhole cover. ISBN:9781402066658 Sticky trap to capture adult arthropods in general flight that operates without the use of an attractant and targets arthropods that move in and out of small openings. COMMENT: Used, for example, to capture arthropods from storm drain systems. These traps also can be used as sticky emergence traps, as they can be used to collect emerging adult arthropods. leisen 2010-06-01T08:27:14Z VSMO:0001678 sticky entry-exit trap Sticky trap to capture adult arthropods in general flight that operates without the use of an attractant and targets arthropods that move in and out of small openings. COMMENT: Used, for example, to capture arthropods from storm drain systems. These traps also can be used as sticky emergence traps, as they can be used to collect emerging adult arthropods. VSMO:Authors Sticky entry-exit trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, or emerging adults, from subsoil drain sumps designed by Montgomery. COMMENT: Montgomery described a sticky entry-exit trap for subsoil drain sumps. The trap, termed a Sticky Emergent Adult Trap, or SEAT, consisted of a black plastic sheet with a hole in the center. A clear plastic cup (250 ml) with the bottom removed and replaced with a 1.0 x 0.5 mm mesh screen was inserted through the hole, forming an airtight seal. The mesh screen allowed for proper functioning of the drain. The black plastic sheet was held in place by the sump cover. A sheet of clear plastic cut to size was coated in isobutylene adhesive and wrapped around the outside surface of the plastic cup and secured in place using a single staple. Traps were left in place for 48 h before they were recovered and the sticky plastic sheet removed. leisen 2010-06-01T08:27:43Z VSMO:0001679 sticky entry-exit trap of Montgomery Sticky entry-exit trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, or emerging adults, from subsoil drain sumps designed by Montgomery. COMMENT: Montgomery described a sticky entry-exit trap for subsoil drain sumps. The trap, termed a Sticky Emergent Adult Trap, or SEAT, consisted of a black plastic sheet with a hole in the center. A clear plastic cup (250 ml) with the bottom removed and replaced with a 1.0 x 0.5 mm mesh screen was inserted through the hole, forming an airtight seal. The mesh screen allowed for proper functioning of the drain. The black plastic sheet was held in place by the sump cover. A sheet of clear plastic cut to size was coated in isobutylene adhesive and wrapped around the outside surface of the plastic cup and secured in place using a single staple. Traps were left in place for 48 h before they were recovered and the sticky plastic sheet removed. ISBN:9781402066658 Emergence trap used to collect adult arthropods that emerge from a small opening leading to a water source. COMMENT: Sticky emergence traps, also called sticky entry-exit traps, have been developed specifically to collect arthropods that move in and out of small openings, for example to storm drain systems. These traps can be used to collect emerging arthropods as well as arthropods moving in and out of the habitat the trap is targeting. leisen 2010-06-01T08:35:00Z VSMO:0001680 sticky emergence trap Emergence trap used to collect adult arthropods that emerge from a small opening leading to a water source. COMMENT: Sticky emergence traps, also called sticky entry-exit traps, have been developed specifically to collect arthropods that move in and out of small openings, for example to storm drain systems. These traps can be used to collect emerging arthropods as well as arthropods moving in and out of the habitat the trap is targeting. VSMO:Authors Sticky entry-exit trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, or emerging adults, designed by Provost. COMMENT: Provost described two sticky exit traps: (1) a 22 inches cylindrical nylon nets coated with an adhesive (1.5 lb amber gear grease, 12 pints No. 20 motor car oil and 1 pint mineral spirits) and (2) rectangular sections of mosquito netting mounted in 1 x 2 ft aluminum frames, coated on both surfaces with adhesive, and suspended in pairs at right angles to each other at heights of 10, 20 and 30 ft. leisen 2010-06-01T08:36:58Z VSMO:0001681 sticky entry-exit trap of Provost Sticky entry-exit trap to collect adult arthropods in general flight, or emerging adults, designed by Provost. COMMENT: Provost described two sticky exit traps: (1) a 22 inches cylindrical nylon nets coated with an adhesive (1.5 lb amber gear grease, 12 pints No. 20 motor car oil and 1 pint mineral spirits) and (2) rectangular sections of mosquito netting mounted in 1 x 2 ft aluminum frames, coated on both surfaces with adhesive, and suspended in pairs at right angles to each other at heights of 10, 20 and 30 ft. ISBN:9781402066658 Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in which suction action is used to capture arthropods. COMMENT: Insect suction traps measure the aerial density of insects at the site of the trap. Because they do not employ any attractant the differences between numbers of various insects caught should reflect their natural densities. Bidlingmayer and his colleagues have conducted several field experiments showing that their rather large L-shaped suction traps are visible to mosquitoes, as are surrounding bushes and trees. They concluded that trap catches are influenced by these visible cues. In addition to measuring absolute aerial densities suction traps can be used to study vertical distribution, diel flight activities, seasonal incidence, and flight direction. Because they are non-attractant, visual cues excepted, few mosquitoes will be caught in the traps when populations are low, consequently prolonged sampling may be necessary if statistically reliable numbers are to be obtained. Two very different designs of suction traps have been mainly used to sample mosquitoes: (1) vertical models employing a 22.9 cm Vent- Axia fan and (2 much larger L-shaped traps in which the 24 in fan is mounted on its side. leisen 2010-06-01T08:56:34Z VSMO:0001682 suction trap Trap for adult arthropods in general flight, in which suction action is used to capture arthropods. COMMENT: Insect suction traps measure the aerial density of insects at the site of the trap. Because they do not employ any attractant the differences between numbers of various insects caught should reflect their natural densities. Bidlingmayer and his colleagues have conducted several field experiments showing that their rather large L-shaped suction traps are visible to mosquitoes, as are surrounding bushes and trees. They concluded that trap catches are influenced by these visible cues. In addition to measuring absolute aerial densities suction traps can be used to study vertical distribution, diel flight activities, seasonal incidence, and flight direction. Because they are non-attractant, visual cues excepted, few mosquitoes will be caught in the traps when populations are low, consequently prolonged sampling may be necessary if statistically reliable numbers are to be obtained. Two very different designs of suction traps have been mainly used to sample mosquitoes: (1) vertical models employing a 22.9 cm Vent- Axia fan and (2 much larger L-shaped traps in which the 24 in fan is mounted on its side. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Bidlingmayer. COMMENT: The Bidlingmayer suction trap differs from the traps developed by Johnson and Taylor in having the fan mounted on its side, not vertically. The body of the trap is made of plywood over a wooden frame and is shaped like the letter L lying on its side. At the distal end of the section lying horizontal to the ground is a 24 inch diameter 1/4 h.p. fan with a displacement of about 216 000 cubic ft air/h. The intake of the trap, which measures 31 x 31 inches is situated 5 ft above the ground at the top of the short vertical section. Air drawn through the intake passes through a large mesh cone and is discharged through a metal tube attached at right angles to the cone. A cloth bag is fitted to the end of this metal tube to retain the mosquitoes, which in this trap do not pass through the fan blades. To prevent rain and debris entering the trap a clear plastic flat roof is positioned about 8 inches above the intake. leisen 2010-06-01T08:58:52Z VSMO:0001683 suction trap of Bidlingmayer Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Bidlingmayer. COMMENT: The Bidlingmayer suction trap differs from the traps developed by Johnson and Taylor in having the fan mounted on its side, not vertically. The body of the trap is made of plywood over a wooden frame and is shaped like the letter L lying on its side. At the distal end of the section lying horizontal to the ground is a 24 inch diameter 1/4 h.p. fan with a displacement of about 216 000 cubic ft air/h. The intake of the trap, which measures 31 x 31 inches is situated 5 ft above the ground at the top of the short vertical section. Air drawn through the intake passes through a large mesh cone and is discharged through a metal tube attached at right angles to the cone. A cloth bag is fitted to the end of this metal tube to retain the mosquitoes, which in this trap do not pass through the fan blades. To prevent rain and debris entering the trap a clear plastic flat roof is positioned about 8 inches above the intake. ISBN:9781402066658 Exposed suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Johnson and Taylor. COMMENT: The suction trap of Johnson and Taylor (also called Johnson-Taylor exposed cone trap) includes a 22.9 cm diameter vertically mounted Vent-Axia fan, with the grill over the opening removed. It is important that an impeller-type fan is used, i.e. a fan with reversed blades, so that the air is sucked down into the trap and not blown out. The unit is mounted with the fan blades uppermost and the motor underneath. Attached to the bottom of the fan is a copper, or monel metal, 21 inches long cone made of 26 mesh gauze. Three equally spaced metal struts run down the outside of the cone and extend beyond it to hold in position the metal cylindrical casing that houses the collecting magazine. A central 24 inches long rust proof metal guide rod is bolted to the base of the motor casing and projects downwards through the mesh cone to extend about an inch beyond the bottom of the collecting magazine. A solenoid and disc release mechanism is mounted just beneath the motor. Each segregating disc is made of brass or stainless steel, is 1 1/4 inches in diameter and has a central collar 1/4 inch high and 5/16 inches in diameter to keep the discs apart. When a disc is released and falls down magazine ensuring that small insects are not missed but trapped between the central guide rod this fringe brushes against the walls of the collecting magazine ensuring that small insects are not missed but trapped between successive discs. The discs should be soaked in 1-3% pyrethrum solution or other killing agent. Insects are drawn into the trap by the fan and are gently blown down the collecting cone and deposited on to an oil film smeared on the upper exposed surface of the last fallen disc. They are killed by the killing agent and are sealed off by the next disc that descends the rod. The traps are operated from mains electricity and a control box allows the fans to work at slow, normal or boost speeds. Unless mosquito densities are high, traps are best operated on the fastest speed as this samples a greater volume of air. An electromagnetically operated time switch allows the discs to be released at pre-set time intervals. leisen 2010-06-01T09:01:52Z VSMO:0001684 exposed suction trap of Johnson and Taylor Exposed suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Johnson and Taylor. COMMENT: The suction trap of Johnson and Taylor (also called Johnson-Taylor exposed cone trap) includes a 22.9 cm diameter vertically mounted Vent-Axia fan, with the grill over the opening removed. It is important that an impeller-type fan is used, i.e. a fan with reversed blades, so that the air is sucked down into the trap and not blown out. The unit is mounted with the fan blades uppermost and the motor underneath. Attached to the bottom of the fan is a copper, or monel metal, 21 inches long cone made of 26 mesh gauze. Three equally spaced metal struts run down the outside of the cone and extend beyond it to hold in position the metal cylindrical casing that houses the collecting magazine. A central 24 inches long rust proof metal guide rod is bolted to the base of the motor casing and projects downwards through the mesh cone to extend about an inch beyond the bottom of the collecting magazine. A solenoid and disc release mechanism is mounted just beneath the motor. Each segregating disc is made of brass or stainless steel, is 1 1/4 inches in diameter and has a central collar 1/4 inch high and 5/16 inches in diameter to keep the discs apart. When a disc is released and falls down magazine ensuring that small insects are not missed but trapped between the central guide rod this fringe brushes against the walls of the collecting magazine ensuring that small insects are not missed but trapped between successive discs. The discs should be soaked in 1-3% pyrethrum solution or other killing agent. Insects are drawn into the trap by the fan and are gently blown down the collecting cone and deposited on to an oil film smeared on the upper exposed surface of the last fallen disc. They are killed by the killing agent and are sealed off by the next disc that descends the rod. The traps are operated from mains electricity and a control box allows the fans to work at slow, normal or boost speeds. Unless mosquito densities are high, traps are best operated on the fastest speed as this samples a greater volume of air. An electromagnetically operated time switch allows the discs to be released at pre-set time intervals. ISBN:9781402066658 Exposed suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight that includes a Vent-Axia fan. COMMENT: When it is not necessary to divide the catch of mosquitoes into time intervals a much simpler suction trap than the Johnson and Taylor one, without any segregating mechanisms, can be used and the catch removed daily or at longer intervals. A simple but efficient suction trap can be constructed from a 6, 7.5, 9 or 12 inches Vent-Axia fan made for window mounting, at boost speeds these fans sample 12 000, 18 000, 30 000 and 62 000 cubic ft of air per h. First, the outer grill is removed, then any recesses or ledges near the fan blades are covered over and the fan unit inserted into a circular hole cut out from a piece of plywood. A monel gauze collecting cone is attached to the board underneath the fan and a small fine mesh bag is tied to the bottom of the cone to collect the mosquitoes. Two 1 inch holes are drilled at opposite ends of the board and lengths of 5/8 inch galvanized tubing inserted and pushed into the ground. By securing the board to the tubing by small adjustable clamps its height can be easily altered, thus allowing the trap to be used at various heights. Wire from the trap enters a control box, which allows the use of three fan speeds. Control boxes from a number of fans can be mounted within a waterproof metal box. A length of flexible tubing, having a diameter several inches larger than the base of the collecting cone, can be attached underneath the plywood board to enclose the cone and thus reduce the effect of cross-winds on sampling efficiency. However, if the trap is used in sheltered positions, such as near the ground or amongst the shelter of vegetation this may not be necessary. Trap inlets must be positioned near the ground to sample mosquitoes flying near the ground. In very dry areas this can be achieved by just digging a hole and lowering the trap into it, in which case care must be taken that the filtered air exhausted from the trap is conducted away from the fan inlet and not re-sampled, thereby reducing the sample volume. 2010-06-01T09:46:44Z VSMO:0001685 exposed simple Vent-Axia suction trap Exposed suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight that includes a Vent-Axia fan. COMMENT: When it is not necessary to divide the catch of mosquitoes into time intervals a much simpler suction trap than the Johnson and Taylor one, without any segregating mechanisms, can be used and the catch removed daily or at longer intervals. A simple but efficient suction trap can be constructed from a 6, 7.5, 9 or 12 inches Vent-Axia fan made for window mounting, at boost speeds these fans sample 12 000, 18 000, 30 000 and 62 000 cubic ft of air per h. First, the outer grill is removed, then any recesses or ledges near the fan blades are covered over and the fan unit inserted into a circular hole cut out from a piece of plywood. A monel gauze collecting cone is attached to the board underneath the fan and a small fine mesh bag is tied to the bottom of the cone to collect the mosquitoes. Two 1 inch holes are drilled at opposite ends of the board and lengths of 5/8 inch galvanized tubing inserted and pushed into the ground. By securing the board to the tubing by small adjustable clamps its height can be easily altered, thus allowing the trap to be used at various heights. Wire from the trap enters a control box, which allows the use of three fan speeds. Control boxes from a number of fans can be mounted within a waterproof metal box. A length of flexible tubing, having a diameter several inches larger than the base of the collecting cone, can be attached underneath the plywood board to enclose the cone and thus reduce the effect of cross-winds on sampling efficiency. However, if the trap is used in sheltered positions, such as near the ground or amongst the shelter of vegetation this may not be necessary. Trap inlets must be positioned near the ground to sample mosquitoes flying near the ground. In very dry areas this can be achieved by just digging a hole and lowering the trap into it, in which case care must be taken that the filtered air exhausted from the trap is conducted away from the fan inlet and not re-sampled, thereby reducing the sample volume. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight, designed by Johnson and Taylor and including an enclosed 12 inch trap. COMMENT: Larger and more powerful traps have been designed for sampling insects in exposed situations such as high up in the air where wind speeds are more likely to affect the sampling efficiency of the trap. Large enclosed traps have been described by Johnson and Taylor, the most useful being the enclosed 12 and 30 inch traps. The 12 inch trap has an aerofoil fan mounted in a 14 inch diameter, 4 ft long steel cylinder and delivers about twice the volume of air as the 12 inch Vent-Axia fan. Because insects get damaged if they pass through the fan blades of these high speed fans, the fan is positioned below the collecting cone and segregating device. An essential feature of the trap is that the collecting cone is enclosed within a cylindrical duct made either from sheet metal or rubberized fabric stretched over a light metal frame. By shielding the cones the effect of cross winds on sampling efficiency is greatly reduced. leisen 2010-06-01T09:57:52Z VSMO:0001686 enclosed 12 inch suction trap of Johnson and Taylor Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight, designed by Johnson and Taylor and including an enclosed 12 inch trap. COMMENT: Larger and more powerful traps have been designed for sampling insects in exposed situations such as high up in the air where wind speeds are more likely to affect the sampling efficiency of the trap. Large enclosed traps have been described by Johnson and Taylor, the most useful being the enclosed 12 and 30 inch traps. The 12 inch trap has an aerofoil fan mounted in a 14 inch diameter, 4 ft long steel cylinder and delivers about twice the volume of air as the 12 inch Vent-Axia fan. Because insects get damaged if they pass through the fan blades of these high speed fans, the fan is positioned below the collecting cone and segregating device. An essential feature of the trap is that the collecting cone is enclosed within a cylindrical duct made either from sheet metal or rubberized fabric stretched over a light metal frame. By shielding the cones the effect of cross winds on sampling efficiency is greatly reduced. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight, designed by Johnson and Taylor and including an enclosed 30 inch trap. COMMENT: Larger and more powerful traps have been designed for sampling insects in exposed situations such as high up in the air where wind speeds are more likely to affect the sampling efficiency of the trap. Large enclosed traps have been described by Johnson and Taylor, the most useful being the enclosed 12 and 30 inch traps. The larger 30 inch trap employs a 30 inch light-weight airscrew fan mounted in a 2.5-ft diameter, 7.5-ft long cylinder and delivers about five times the air as the 12-in aerofoil trap. Because insects get damaged if they pass through the fan blades of these high speed fans, the fan is positioned below the collecting cone and segregating device. An essential feature of the trap is that the collecting cone is enclosed within a cylindrical duct made either from sheet metal or rubberized fabric stretched over a light metal frame. By shielding the cones the effect of cross winds on sampling efficiency is greatly reduced. leisen 2010-06-01T10:09:47Z VSMO:0001687 enclosed 30 inch suction trap of Johnson and Taylor Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight, designed by Johnson and Taylor and including an enclosed 30 inch trap. COMMENT: Larger and more powerful traps have been designed for sampling insects in exposed situations such as high up in the air where wind speeds are more likely to affect the sampling efficiency of the trap. Large enclosed traps have been described by Johnson and Taylor, the most useful being the enclosed 12 and 30 inch traps. The larger 30 inch trap employs a 30 inch light-weight airscrew fan mounted in a 2.5-ft diameter, 7.5-ft long cylinder and delivers about five times the air as the 12-in aerofoil trap. Because insects get damaged if they pass through the fan blades of these high speed fans, the fan is positioned below the collecting cone and segregating device. An essential feature of the trap is that the collecting cone is enclosed within a cylindrical duct made either from sheet metal or rubberized fabric stretched over a light metal frame. By shielding the cones the effect of cross winds on sampling efficiency is greatly reduced. ISBN:9781402066658 Enclosed suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Holzapfel and Harrell. COMMENT: Holzapfel and Harrell described a 90 cm diameter suction trap with a conical nitex funnel-shaped net surrounded by an aluminum cylinder. A 1 h.p. 1 phase electric motor operating a tube axial fan was placed below the collecting cone and displaced some 6800 cubic m air/h. Insects did not pass through the fan but collected in a vial held in place by a plastic receptacle which was removed by sliding it horizontally from the trap. leisen 2010-06-01T10:16:21Z VSMO:0001688 enclosed suction trap of Holzapfel and Harrell Enclosed suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Holzapfel and Harrell. COMMENT: Holzapfel and Harrell described a 90 cm diameter suction trap with a conical nitex funnel-shaped net surrounded by an aluminum cylinder. A 1 h.p. 1 phase electric motor operating a tube axial fan was placed below the collecting cone and displaced some 6800 cubic m air/h. Insects did not pass through the fan but collected in a vial held in place by a plastic receptacle which was removed by sliding it horizontally from the trap. ISBN:9781402066658 Enclosed suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Allison and Pike. COMMENT: Allison and Pike describe a home-made enclosed type of suction trap having an 85 cm long, conical net leading to a collecting jar, both of which are enclosed within a 1.5 m length of 38 cm diameter PVC tubing. On top of this a 30 cm diameter 4 m length of PVC tubing is fixed to act as a chimney and sample insects about 8 m from the ground. A three-bladed fan attached to a motor draws the catch down into a collecting jar. leisen 2010-06-01T10:19:01Z VSMO:0001689 enclosed suction trap of Allison and Pike Enclosed suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Allison and Pike. COMMENT: Allison and Pike describe a home-made enclosed type of suction trap having an 85 cm long, conical net leading to a collecting jar, both of which are enclosed within a 1.5 m length of 38 cm diameter PVC tubing. On top of this a 30 cm diameter 4 m length of PVC tubing is fixed to act as a chimney and sample insects about 8 m from the ground. A three-bladed fan attached to a motor draws the catch down into a collecting jar. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight developed at Rothamsted Experimental Station. COMMENT: This trap was designed to enable insects to be sampled at considerable heights without having to construct any complex supporting mechanisms, such as a steel tower. It consists of a 30 ft tall, 10 inch diameter plastic chimney mounted on a 10 ft high, 30 in square wooden box, which contains a centrifugal fan at its base. This type of fan is chosen because it ensures an almost constant air intake in most wind speeds, and also when the gauze collecting cone at the bottom of the trap becomes partially blocked by dust and dirt. Insects sucked down the tall chimney are collected in a bottle attached to a collecting cone. To reduce the speed of insect impaction, which can be as much as 35 mph at the base of the trap, the cone has a large surface area. The trap samples 101 040 cubic ft air/h. leisen 2010-06-01T10:22:56Z VSMO:0001690 Rothamsted insect survey trap Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight developed at Rothamsted Experimental Station. COMMENT: This trap was designed to enable insects to be sampled at considerable heights without having to construct any complex supporting mechanisms, such as a steel tower. It consists of a 30 ft tall, 10 inch diameter plastic chimney mounted on a 10 ft high, 30 in square wooden box, which contains a centrifugal fan at its base. This type of fan is chosen because it ensures an almost constant air intake in most wind speeds, and also when the gauze collecting cone at the bottom of the trap becomes partially blocked by dust and dirt. Insects sucked down the tall chimney are collected in a bottle attached to a collecting cone. To reduce the speed of insect impaction, which can be as much as 35 mph at the base of the trap, the cone has a large surface area. The trap samples 101 040 cubic ft air/h. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Horsfall. COMMENT: Because stationary nets with vertical openings mainly collect mosquitoes flying with the wind Horsfall used directionally orientated suction traps to study flight direction. He constructed a group of four suction traps into a single unit. Each trap consisted of an 8 inch fan mounted at the top of a 10 inch diameter, 18 inch long cylinder, which had a copper mesh (14 x 18 meshes/inch) collecting cone at the base leading to a small collecting cage. A jointed and elbowed 10 inch diameter metal cylinder, with a flared opening 13 1/2 inches in diameter at right angles to the fan, was mounted on top of the trap. The openings of the four traps comprising a single unit faced different directions. Horsfall considered that when an 8 inch diameter fan was used insects were drawn into the traps from a distance of up to 6 inches from the openings. However, this obviously will depend, among other factors, on wind speed and insect size. Because of the limited distance from which mosquitoes were sucked into the traps Horsfall considered that those collected were mainly individuals flying towards the traps and consequently directional flight was measured. Trap construction could be simplified by using flexible tubing instead of a jointed metal cylinder; alternatively the traps could be positioned on their sides with their openings perpendicular to the ground. leisen 2010-06-01T10:29:33Z VSMO:0001691 directional suction trap of Horsfall Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Horsfall. COMMENT: Because stationary nets with vertical openings mainly collect mosquitoes flying with the wind Horsfall used directionally orientated suction traps to study flight direction. He constructed a group of four suction traps into a single unit. Each trap consisted of an 8 inch fan mounted at the top of a 10 inch diameter, 18 inch long cylinder, which had a copper mesh (14 x 18 meshes/inch) collecting cone at the base leading to a small collecting cage. A jointed and elbowed 10 inch diameter metal cylinder, with a flared opening 13 1/2 inches in diameter at right angles to the fan, was mounted on top of the trap. The openings of the four traps comprising a single unit faced different directions. Horsfall considered that when an 8 inch diameter fan was used insects were drawn into the traps from a distance of up to 6 inches from the openings. However, this obviously will depend, among other factors, on wind speed and insect size. Because of the limited distance from which mosquitoes were sucked into the traps Horsfall considered that those collected were mainly individuals flying towards the traps and consequently directional flight was measured. Trap construction could be simplified by using flexible tubing instead of a jointed metal cylinder; alternatively the traps could be positioned on their sides with their openings perpendicular to the ground. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Novak. COMMENT: Novak modified the Horsfall trap to study the vertical distribution of mosquitoes in a wood. The trap consisted of a 25.4 cm diameter metal cylinder elbowed at the top and flared to a 58.4 cm diameter intake, which was painted black with contrasting white stripes. A mesh screen funnel leading to a mesh collecting cylinder (14 x 18-mesh) having a removable screen end was positioned within the top of the straight section of tubing. A Dayton duct-type 28 cm diameter fan was mounted near the bottom of the tubing. Mosquitoes up to 25.4 cm from the intake were sucked into the trap and were not damaged by passing through the fan blades. To position traps at different heights in the wood a lead pellet (70 g) fitted to a spool of 36 kg nylon line was catapulted over a branch capable of supporting the 9 kg trap. The nylon line was then attached to a rope on which a pulley was mounted that allowed traps to be raised and lowered. leisen 2010-06-01T10:32:28Z VSMO:0001692 directional suction trap of Novak Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Novak. COMMENT: Novak modified the Horsfall trap to study the vertical distribution of mosquitoes in a wood. The trap consisted of a 25.4 cm diameter metal cylinder elbowed at the top and flared to a 58.4 cm diameter intake, which was painted black with contrasting white stripes. A mesh screen funnel leading to a mesh collecting cylinder (14 x 18-mesh) having a removable screen end was positioned within the top of the straight section of tubing. A Dayton duct-type 28 cm diameter fan was mounted near the bottom of the tubing. Mosquitoes up to 25.4 cm from the intake were sucked into the trap and were not damaged by passing through the fan blades. To position traps at different heights in the wood a lead pellet (70 g) fitted to a spool of 36 kg nylon line was catapulted over a branch capable of supporting the 9 kg trap. The nylon line was then attached to a rope on which a pulley was mounted that allowed traps to be raised and lowered. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Snow. COMMENT: The directional suction trap of Snow has a 1.2 x 1.2 m entrance with an inclined floor of green plastic netting (Netlon) and sides and roof made of 1 cm mesh plastic netting, dyed dark green to minimize visual contrast. Mosquitoes are guided up this funnel-type entrance to a horizontally- mounted 22.9 cm Vent-Axia suction fan. leisen 2010-06-01T10:34:28Z VSMO:0001693 directional suction trap of Snow Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Snow. COMMENT: The directional suction trap of Snow has a 1.2 x 1.2 m entrance with an inclined floor of green plastic netting (Netlon) and sides and roof made of 1 cm mesh plastic netting, dyed dark green to minimize visual contrast. Mosquitoes are guided up this funnel-type entrance to a horizontally- mounted 22.9 cm Vent-Axia suction fan. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Koch. COMMENT: Koch described an inexpensive suction trap having a turntable device for separating catches of biting flies into hourly samples. Basically the trap consists of a 120 V 9 inch diameter 6-bladed duct fan attached to a 1/70 h.p. kitchen fan motor, secured in a short length of 12 inch diameter metal tubing. A bronze mesh cone underneath delivers the insects to collecting jars fixed under a notched turntable. A 2 lb lead weight tied to a rope advances the turntable when a solenoid causes a timer to close for about 15 s every hour, and this releases a sliding bar (slider bar) resting against one of the notches in the turntable. This trap is similar to the Johnson-Taylor trap, but with a different sorting mechanism. leisen 2010-06-01T10:37:28Z VSMO:0001694 suction trap of Koch Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Koch. COMMENT: Koch described an inexpensive suction trap having a turntable device for separating catches of biting flies into hourly samples. Basically the trap consists of a 120 V 9 inch diameter 6-bladed duct fan attached to a 1/70 h.p. kitchen fan motor, secured in a short length of 12 inch diameter metal tubing. A bronze mesh cone underneath delivers the insects to collecting jars fixed under a notched turntable. A 2 lb lead weight tied to a rope advances the turntable when a solenoid causes a timer to close for about 15 s every hour, and this releases a sliding bar (slider bar) resting against one of the notches in the turntable. This trap is similar to the Johnson-Taylor trap, but with a different sorting mechanism. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Wainhouse. COMMENT: Wainhouse described a battery-operated suction trap for catching small insects that would also be suitable for mosquitoes. The fan consists of an Air-max type PR-Y4393 in an aluminum casing, 15.2 cm in internal diameter and 12 cm deep. The fan blades are inverted and the wires to the motor brushes switched to reverse the direction of rotation. A flared inlet made from a 5 cm strip cut from the top of a plastic funnel is fitted to the top of the fan housing. A 6 cm deep flange bolted to the bottom of the fan casing holds in position a nylon mesh cone tapering to a mesh collecting bag. The trap weighs about 1.6 kg. The fan has a 31 W motor and operates at 2900 rev/min from two 25-Amphr alkaline batteries connected in parallel, the combined weight of which is about 37 kg. The batteries run the trap for about 16 h. The volume of air sampled is in the 330-350 cubic m/h range. leisen 2010-06-01T10:37:28Z VSMO:0001695 suction trap of Wainhouse Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Wainhouse. COMMENT: Wainhouse described a battery-operated suction trap for catching small insects that would also be suitable for mosquitoes. The fan consists of an Air-max type PR-Y4393 in an aluminum casing, 15.2 cm in internal diameter and 12 cm deep. The fan blades are inverted and the wires to the motor brushes switched to reverse the direction of rotation. A flared inlet made from a 5 cm strip cut from the top of a plastic funnel is fitted to the top of the fan housing. A 6 cm deep flange bolted to the bottom of the fan casing holds in position a nylon mesh cone tapering to a mesh collecting bag. The trap weighs about 1.6 kg. The fan has a 31 W motor and operates at 2900 rev/min from two 25-Amphr alkaline batteries connected in parallel, the combined weight of which is about 37 kg. The batteries run the trap for about 16 h. The volume of air sampled is in the 330-350 cubic m/h range. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Barnard and Mulla. COMMENT: Barnard and Mulla constructed an inexpensive and simple suction trap. It consists of a 36 inches long and 21 inch diameter galvanized metal cylinder supported on three 1/2 inch angle-iron legs, adjusted to position the top of the cylinder 54 inches from the ground. A 20 inch, 5 bladed fan attached to a 115 V, 2.6 A motor (McGraw-Edison model 7327) is mounted on a metal plate supported by three 1 inch wide metal arms in the lower part of the cylinder. The motor sucks air through the trap at the rate of 2600 cubic ft/min. A nylon netting cone is pulled over a metal band that is placed over the top of the trap, and a plastic vial with a mesh screen bottom is fixed with an elastic band on to the bottom of the cone. This is removed at the end of each sampling period. leisen 2010-06-01T10:37:28Z VSMO:0001696 suction trap of Barnard and Mulla Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Barnard and Mulla. COMMENT: Barnard and Mulla constructed an inexpensive and simple suction trap. It consists of a 36 inches long and 21 inch diameter galvanized metal cylinder supported on three 1/2 inch angle-iron legs, adjusted to position the top of the cylinder 54 inches from the ground. A 20 inch, 5 bladed fan attached to a 115 V, 2.6 A motor (McGraw-Edison model 7327) is mounted on a metal plate supported by three 1 inch wide metal arms in the lower part of the cylinder. The motor sucks air through the trap at the rate of 2600 cubic ft/min. A nylon netting cone is pulled over a metal band that is placed over the top of the trap, and a plastic vial with a mesh screen bottom is fixed with an elastic band on to the bottom of the cone. This is removed at the end of each sampling period. ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Lumsden and Goma. COMMENT: Goma modified the suction trap developed by Lumsden for catching mosquitoes attracted to bait animals, by removing the transparent louvres at the sides to allow easier entry of mosquitoes. These modified traps without any bait were placed at ground level and on six platforms at 20 ft intervals on a steel tower. . leisen 2010-06-01T10:38:05Z VSMO:0001697 suction trap of Lumsden-Goma Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight designed by Lumsden and Goma. COMMENT: Goma modified the suction trap developed by Lumsden for catching mosquitoes attracted to bait animals, by removing the transparent louvres at the sides to allow easier entry of mosquitoes. These modified traps without any bait were placed at ground level and on six platforms at 20 ft intervals on a steel tower. . ISBN:9781402066658 Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight modified from a New Jersey light-trap. COMMENT: New Jersey light-traps have been converted into suction traps by painting them black and removing the light bulb and cover. leisen 2010-06-01T10:39:45Z VSMO:0001698 modified New Jersey type suction trap Suction trap for adult arthropods in general flight modified from a New Jersey light-trap. COMMENT: New Jersey light-traps have been converted into suction traps by painting them black and removing the light bulb and cover. ISBN:9781402066658 A virus of Genus Nairovirus with the designation of Dugbe virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Nairobi sheep disease) in humans (mild disease) and domestic animals (cattle and sheep). Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-06T09:42:48Z NCBITaxon:11595 VSMO:0001700 Dugbe virus A virus of Genus Nairovirus with the designation of Dugbe virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Nairobi sheep disease) in humans (mild disease) and domestic animals (cattle and sheep). Occurs in Africa. ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123737328 A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of platys. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine anaplasmosis) in dogs. Occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia. leisen 2011-01-07T09:52:13Z NCBITaxon:949 Ehrlichia platys VSMO:0001707 Anaplasma platys A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of platys. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine anaplasmosis) in dogs. Occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia. ISBN:9780123725004 Yersinia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Yersinia is a Genus in Family Enterobacteriaceae of Order Enterobacteriales. leisen 2011-01-06T03:16:28Z NCBITaxon:629 VSMO:0001708 Yersinia Yersinia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Yersinia is a Genus in Family Enterobacteriaceae of Order Enterobacteriales. VSMO:Authors A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of felis. COMMENT: Transmitted by fleas (including the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis). Causes disease (flea-borne spotted fever) in cats and humans. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-07T11:44:45Z NCBITaxon:42862 VSMO:0001709 Rickettsia felis A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of felis. COMMENT: Transmitted by fleas (including the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis). Causes disease (flea-borne spotted fever) in cats and humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Bartonella is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Bartonella is a Genus in the Family Bartonellaceae of order Rickettsiales. leisen 2011-01-06T03:19:27Z NCBITaxon:773 VSMO:0001710 Bartonella Bartonella is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Bartonella is a Genus in the Family Bartonellaceae of order Rickettsiales. VSMO:Authors A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of parkeri. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2011-01-07T11:57:02Z NCBITaxon:35792 VSMO:0001711 Rickettsia parkeri A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of parkeri. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 Francisella is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Francisella is a Genus in Family Francisellaceae of Order Thiotrichales. leisen 2011-01-06T03:22:31Z NCBITaxon:262 VSMO:0001712 Francisella Francisella is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Francisella is a Genus in Family Francisellaceae of Order Thiotrichales. VSMO:Authors A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of africae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (African tick-bite fever, South African tick typhus) in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-07T12:14:27Z NCBITaxon:35788 VSMO:0001713 Rickettsia africae A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of africae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (African tick-bite fever, South African tick typhus) in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 Coxiella is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Coxiella is a Genus in Family Coxiellaceae of Order Legionellales. leisen 2011-01-06T03:24:46Z NCBITaxon:776 VSMO:0001714 Coxiella Coxiella is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Coxiella is a Genus in Family Coxiellaceae of Order Legionellales. VSMO:Authors A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of honei. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Flinders Island spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Australia and Asia. leisen 2011-01-07T12:20:05Z NCBITaxon:37816 VSMO:0001715 Rickettsia honei A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of honei. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Flinders Island spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Australia and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: Rickettsia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Rickettsia is a Genus in Family Rickettsiaceae of Order Rickettsiales. leisen 2011-01-06T03:26:03Z NCBITaxon:780 VSMO:0001716 Rickettsia Rickettsia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Rickettsia is a Genus in Family Rickettsiaceae of Order Rickettsiales. VSMO:Authors A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of slovaca. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne lymphadenitis) in humans. Occurs in Europe. leisen 2011-01-07T12:22:39Z NCBITaxon:35794 VSMO:0001717 Rickettsia slovaca A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of slovaca. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne lymphadenitis) in humans. Occurs in Europe. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: Anaplasma is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Anaplasma is a Genus in Family Anaplasmataceae of Order Rickettsiales. leisen 2011-01-06T03:28:31Z NCBITaxon:768 VSMO:0001718 Anaplasma Anaplasma is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Anaplasma is a Genus in Family Anaplasmataceae of Order Rickettsiales. VSMO:Authors Ehrlichia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Ehrlichia is a Genus in Family Anaplasmataceae of Order Rickettsiales. leisen 2011-01-06T03:29:07Z NCBITaxon:943 VSMO:0001719 Ehrlichia Ehrlichia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Ehrlichia is a Genus in Family Anaplasmataceae of Order Rickettsiales. VSMO:Authors Orientia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Orientia is a Genus in Family Rickettsiaceae of Order Rickettsiales. leisen 2011-01-06T03:31:13Z NCBITaxon:69474 VSMO:0001720 Orientia Orientia is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Orientia is a Genus in Family Rickettsiaceae of Order Rickettsiales. VSMO:Authors A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of helvetica. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe. leisen 2011-01-07T12:25:38Z NCBITaxon:35789 VSMO:0001721 Rickettsia helvetica A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of helvetica. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Bartonella with the species designation of bacilliformis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (Carrion disease) in humans. Carrion disease has two distinct clinical forms: Verruga peruana and the more severe Oroyo fever. Occurs in South America. leisen 2011-01-06T03:39:41Z NCBITaxon:774 VSMO:0001722 Bartonella bacilliformis A bacterium of Genus Bartonella with the species designation of bacilliformis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (Carrion disease) in humans. Carrion disease has two distinct clinical forms: Verruga peruana and the more severe Oroyo fever. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Bartonella with the species designation of henselae. COMMENT: Transmitted by fleas (the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis) and possibly also hard ticks. Causes disease (cat scratch disease) in humans. The bacterium also is transmitted via direct contact with infected cats. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:39:41Z NCBITaxon:38323 Rochalimaea henselae VSMO:0001723 Bartonella henselae A bacterium of Genus Bartonella with the species designation of henselae. COMMENT: Transmitted by fleas (the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis) and possibly also hard ticks. Causes disease (cat scratch disease) in humans. The bacterium also is transmitted via direct contact with infected cats. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Bartonella with the species designation of quintana. COMMENT: Transmitted by the body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus). Causes disease (trench fever) in humans. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:39:41Z NCBITaxon:803 Rochalimaea quintana VSMO:0001724 Bartonella quintana A bacterium of Genus Bartonella with the species designation of quintana. COMMENT: Transmitted by the body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus). Causes disease (trench fever) in humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Coxiella with the species designation of burnetii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks, fleas and possibly also soft ticks. Also transmitted via infected fluids, inhalation of dried feces or direct contact with infected animals (for example sheep). Causes disease (Q fever) in humans. Occurs in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:40:36Z NCBITaxon:777 Rickettsia burnetii VSMO:0001725 Coxiella burnetii A bacterium of Genus Coxiella with the species designation of burnetii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks, fleas and possibly also soft ticks. Also transmitted via infected fluids, inhalation of dried feces or direct contact with infected animals (for example sheep). Causes disease (Q fever) in humans. Occurs in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of marginale. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks and tabanid flies (mechanical transmission only for tabanid flies). Causes disease (bovine anaplasmosis) in cattle. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:42:58Z NCBITaxon:770 VSMO:0001726 Anaplasma marginale A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of marginale. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks and tabanid flies (mechanical transmission only for tabanid flies). Causes disease (bovine anaplasmosis) in cattle. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of phagocytophilum. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans (human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) and domestic animals including dogs, cats, cattle and sheep. Occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:42:58Z NCBITaxon:948 Cytocetes phagocytophila Ehrlichia equi Ehrlichia phagocytophila Rickettsia phagocytophila VSMO:0001727 Anaplasma phagocytophilum A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of phagocytophilum. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans (human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) and domestic animals including dogs, cats, cattle and sheep. Occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of ovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (anaplasmosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:42:58Z NCBITaxon:142058 VSMO:0001728 Anaplasma ovis A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of ovis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (anaplasmosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of centrale. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine anaplasmosis) in cattle. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:42:58Z NCBITaxon:769 VSMO:0001729 Anaplasma centrale A bacterium of Genus Anaplasma with the species designation of centrale. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (bovine anaplasmosis) in cattle. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A bacterium of Genus Ehrlichia with the species designation of chaffeensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans (human monocytic ehrlichiosis) and dogs. Occurs in North America. leisen 2011-01-06T03:45:51Z NCBITaxon:945 VSMO:0001730 Ehrlichia chaffeensis A bacterium of Genus Ehrlichia with the species designation of chaffeensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans (human monocytic ehrlichiosis) and dogs. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Ehrlichia with the species designation of canis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine ehrlichiosis) in dogs. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:45:51Z NCBITaxon:944 VSMO:0001731 Ehrlichia canis A bacterium of Genus Ehrlichia with the species designation of canis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine ehrlichiosis) in dogs. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of aeschlimannii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. leisen 2011-01-07T12:25:38Z NCBITaxon:45262 VSMO:0001732 Rickettsia aeschlimannii A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of aeschlimannii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of heilongjiangensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-07T12:25:38Z NCBITaxon:226665 VSMO:0001733 Rickettsia heilongjiangensis A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of heilongjiangensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:1555812384: A bacterium of Genus Ehrlichia with the species designation of ewingii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in dogs (canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis) and, on rare occasions, in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2011-01-06T03:46:16Z NCBITaxon:947 VSMO:0001735 Ehrlichia ewingii A bacterium of Genus Ehrlichia with the species designation of ewingii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in dogs (canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis) and, on rare occasions, in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Ehrlichia with the species designation of ruminantium. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (heartwater) in domestic animals including cattle, sheep, and goats. Occurs in Africa and the Caribbean. leisen 2011-01-06T03:47:38Z NCBITaxon:779 Cowdria ruminantium Rickettsia ruminantium VSMO:0001736 Ehrlichia ruminantium A bacterium of Genus Ehrlichia with the species designation of ruminantium. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (heartwater) in domestic animals including cattle, sheep, and goats. Occurs in Africa and the Caribbean. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Orientia with the species designation of tsutsugamushi. COMMENT: Transmitted by trombiculid mites. Causes disease (scrub typhus) in humans. Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. leisen 2011-01-06T03:48:10Z NCBITaxon:784 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi VSMO:0001737 Orientia tsutsugamushi A bacterium of Genus Orientia with the species designation of tsutsugamushi. COMMENT: Transmitted by trombiculid mites. Causes disease (scrub typhus) in humans. Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of prowazekii. COMMENT: Transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus). Causes disease (louse-borne typhus, epidemic typhus) in humans. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:50:30Z NCBITaxon:782 VSMO:0001738 Rickettsia prowazekii A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of prowazekii. COMMENT: Transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus). Causes disease (louse-borne typhus, epidemic typhus) in humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of typhi. COMMENT: Transmitted by fleas. Causes disease (flea-borne typhus, murine typhus, endemic typhus) in humans. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:50:30Z NCBITaxon:785 Rickettsia mooseri VSMO:0001739 Rickettsia typhi A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of typhi. COMMENT: Transmitted by fleas. Causes disease (flea-borne typhus, murine typhus, endemic typhus) in humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of rickettsii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Experimental transmission also has been documented with the human body louse. Causes disease (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in the Americas. leisen 2011-01-06T03:50:30Z NCBITaxon:783 Dermacentroxenus rickettsii VSMO:0001740 Rickettsia rickettsii A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of rickettsii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Experimental transmission also has been documented with the human body louse. Causes disease (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of sibirica. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans. Recognized subtypes of Rickettsia sibirica include Rickettsia sibirica sensu stricto (Siberian tick typhus, North Asian tick typhus) and Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae (lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis). Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:50:30Z NCBITaxon:35793 VSMO:0001741 Rickettsia sibirica A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of sibirica. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans. Recognized subtypes of Rickettsia sibirica include Rickettsia sibirica sensu stricto (Siberian tick typhus, North Asian tick typhus) and Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae (lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis). Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of conorii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Experimental transmission also has been documented with the human body louse. Causes disease in humans. Recognized subtypes of Rickettsia conorii include Rickettsia conorii conorii (Mediterranean spotted fever, Boutonneuse fever), Rickettsia conorii israelensis (Israeli spotted fever) and Rickettsia conorii caspica (Astrakhan fever). Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. leisen 2011-01-06T03:50:30Z NCBITaxon:781 VSMO:0001742 Rickettsia conorii A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of conorii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Experimental transmission also has been documented with the human body louse. Causes disease in humans. Recognized subtypes of Rickettsia conorii include Rickettsia conorii conorii (Mediterranean spotted fever, Boutonneuse fever), Rickettsia conorii israelensis (Israeli spotted fever) and Rickettsia conorii caspica (Astrakhan fever). Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of australis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Queensland tick typhus) in humans. Occurs in Australia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:50:30Z NCBITaxon:787 VSMO:0001743 Rickettsia australis A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of australis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Queensland tick typhus) in humans. Occurs in Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of japonica. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Japanese spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:50:30Z NCBITaxon:35790 VSMO:0001744 Rickettsia japonica A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of japonica. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Japanese spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of akari. COMMENT: Transmitted by a trombiculid mite (Liponyssoides sanguineus). Causes disease (rickettsialpox) in humans. Occurs in North America and Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:50:30Z NCBITaxon:786 VSMO:0001745 Rickettsia akari A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of akari. COMMENT: Transmitted by a trombiculid mite (Liponyssoides sanguineus). Causes disease (rickettsialpox) in humans. Occurs in North America and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of garinii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:29519 VSMO:0001746 Borrelia garinii A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of garinii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of afzelii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:29518 VSMO:0001747 Borrelia afzelii A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of afzelii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of bissettii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans on rare occasions Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and North America. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:64897 VSMO:0001748 Borrelia bissettii A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of bissettii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans on rare occasions Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and North America. ISBN:1555812384: A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of spielmanii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans on rare occasions. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:88916 VSMO:0001749 Borrelia spielmanii A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of spielmanii. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans on rare occasions. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe. ISBN:1555812384: A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of recurrentis. COMMENT: Transmitted by the body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus). Causes disease (louse-borne relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:44449 VSMO:0001750 Borrelia recurrentis A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of recurrentis. COMMENT: Transmitted by the body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus). Causes disease (louse-borne relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of duttonii. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros moubata). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:40834 VSMO:0001751 Borrelia duttonii A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of duttonii. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros moubata). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of hispanica. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros erraticus). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe and Africa. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:40835 VSMO:0001752 Borrelia hispanica A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of hispanica. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros erraticus). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of crocidurae. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:29520 VSMO:0001753 Borrelia crocidurae A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of crocidurae. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of persica. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros tholozani). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Africa and Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:44448 VSMO:0001754 Borrelia persica A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of persica. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros tholozani). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Africa and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of caucasica. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros verrucosus). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe and Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z VSMO:0001755 Borrelia caucasica A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of caucasica. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros verrucosus). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of hermsii. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros hermsi). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:140 VSMO:0001756 Borrelia hermsii A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of hermsii. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros hermsi). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of turicatae. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros turicata). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:142 VSMO:0001757 Borrelia turicatae A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of turicatae. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros turicata). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of parkeri. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros parkeri). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z NCBITaxon:141 VSMO:0001758 Borrelia parkeri A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of parkeri. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros parkeri). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of mazzottii. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros talaje). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in the Americas. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z VSMO:0001759 Borrelia mazzottii A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of mazzottii. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros talaje). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of venezuelensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros rudis). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Central America and South America. leisen 2011-01-06T03:56:54Z VSMO:0001760 Borrelia venezuelensis A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of venezuelensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros rudis). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Central America and South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of latyschewii. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros tartakovskyi). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-06T04:06:22Z NCBITaxon:1027767 VSMO:0001761 Borrelia latyschewii A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of latyschewii. COMMENT: Transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros tartakovskyi). Causes disease (relapsing fever) in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of anserina. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (avian borreliosis, avian spirochetosis) in domestic birds including chickens, ducks and geese. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. leisen 2011-01-06T04:06:22Z NCBITaxon:143 VSMO:0001762 Borrelia anserina A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of anserina. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (avian borreliosis, avian spirochetosis) in domestic birds including chickens, ducks and geese. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of coriaceae. COMMENT: Possibly transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros coriaceus). Causes bovine abortion. Occurs in North America. leisen 2011-01-06T04:06:22Z NCBITaxon:144 VSMO:0001763 Borrelia coriaceae A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of coriaceae. COMMENT: Possibly transmitted by a soft tick (Ornithodoros coriaceus). Causes bovine abortion. Occurs in North America. ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of valaisiana. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans on rare occasions. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and Asia. leisen 2011-01-07T02:43:30Z NCBITaxon:62088 VSMO:0001764 Borrelia valaisiana A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of valaisiana. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans on rare occasions. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and Asia. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Leucocytozoon with the species designation of caulleryi. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (leucocytozoonosis) in poultry. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-08T08:08:26Z NCBITaxon:211597 VSMO:0001765 Leucocytozoon caulleryi An apicomplexan of Genus Leucocytozoon with the species designation of caulleryi. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (leucocytozoonosis) in poultry. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of theileri. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick spirochetosis) in cattle and horses . Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-06T04:06:22Z NCBITaxon:43082 VSMO:0001766 Borrelia theileri A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of theileri. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick spirochetosis) in cattle and horses . Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Leucocytozoon with the species designation of simondi. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (leucocytozoonosis) in domestic ducks and geese. Occurs in North America, Asia, and Europe. leisen 2011-01-08T08:09:21Z NCBITaxon:195948 VSMO:0001767 Leucocytozoon simondi An apicomplexan of Genus Leucocytozoon with the species designation of simondi. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (leucocytozoonosis) in domestic ducks and geese. Occurs in North America, Asia, and Europe. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 A bacterium of Genus Yersinia with the species designation of pestis. COMMENT: Transmitted by fleas. Human infection also can result from direct contact with infected animals. Causes disease (plague) in humans and domestic animals including cats. Occurs in North America, Asia, and Africa. leisen 2011-01-06T04:11:59Z NCBITaxon:632 Bacillus pestis Bacterium pestis Pasteurella pestis Pestisella pestis VSMO:0001769 Yersinia pestis A bacterium of Genus Yersinia with the species designation of pestis. COMMENT: Transmitted by fleas. Human infection also can result from direct contact with infected animals. Causes disease (plague) in humans and domestic animals including cats. Occurs in North America, Asia, and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Francisella with the species designation of tularensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks and deer flies (mechanical transmission only for deer flies). Human infection also can result from ingestion of infected water, inhalation of dried feces, or direct contact with infected animals (for example skinning of rabbits). Causes disease (tularemia) in humans and domestic animals including cats. Occurs in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Four biovars of F. tularensis have been recognized. F. tularensis holarctica (F. tularensis palearctica, Type B) is distributed across the northern hemisphere and generally associated with mild forms of tularemia in humans. The more virulent F. tularensis tularensis (Type A) is widespread in North America and was recently reported from Europe. The remaining two biovars, F. tularensis mediasiatica and F. tularensis novicida, have more limited geographical distributions; the former occurs in Central Asia and the latter is known only from parts of the U.S. and, based on a single human case, from Australia. leisen 2011-01-06T04:12:43Z NCBITaxon:263 Bacterium tularenses Brucella tularensis Pasteurella tularensis VSMO:0001770 Francisella tularensis A bacterium of Genus Francisella with the species designation of tularensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks and deer flies (mechanical transmission only for deer flies). Human infection also can result from ingestion of infected water, inhalation of dried feces, or direct contact with infected animals (for example skinning of rabbits). Causes disease (tularemia) in humans and domestic animals including cats. Occurs in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Four biovars of F. tularensis have been recognized. F. tularensis holarctica (F. tularensis palearctica, Type B) is distributed across the northern hemisphere and generally associated with mild forms of tularemia in humans. The more virulent F. tularensis tularensis (Type A) is widespread in North America and was recently reported from Europe. The remaining two biovars, F. tularensis mediasiatica and F. tularensis novicida, have more limited geographical distributions; the former occurs in Central Asia and the latter is known only from parts of the U.S. and, based on a single human case, from Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Aegyptianella with the species designation of pullorum. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (aegyptianellosis, fowl disease) in chickens and other domestic birds. Occurs in Africa, Asia, and southern Europe. leisen 2011-01-07T09:02:35Z NCBITaxon:203862 VSMO:0001771 Aegyptianella pullorum A bacterium of Genus Aegyptianella with the species designation of pullorum. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (aegyptianellosis, fowl disease) in chickens and other domestic birds. Occurs in Africa, Asia, and southern Europe. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 Aegyptianella is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Aegyptianella is a Genus in the Family Bartonellaceae of order Rickettsiales. leisen 2011-01-07T09:02:52Z NCBITaxon:203861 VSMO:0001772 Aegyptianella Aegyptianella is a Genus of Bacteria. COMMENT: Aegyptianella is a Genus in the Family Bartonellaceae of order Rickettsiales. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Leucocytozoon with the species designation of smithi. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (leucocytozoonosis) in turkeys. Occurs in North America. leisen 2011-01-08T08:09:43Z VSMO:0001784 Leucocytozoon smithi An apicomplexan of Genus Leucocytozoon with the species designation of smithi. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (leucocytozoonosis) in turkeys. Occurs in North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of perroncitoi. COMMENT: Likely transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in pigs. Occurs in southern Europe and Africa. leisen 2011-01-08T09:19:16Z VSMO:0001785 Babesia perroncitoi An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of perroncitoi. COMMENT: Likely transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in pigs. Occurs in southern Europe and Africa. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of felis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (feline babesiosis) in cats. Occurs in Asia and Africa. leisen 2011-01-08T09:25:31Z NCBITaxon:124135 VSMO:0001786 Babesia felis An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of felis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (feline babesiosis) in cats. Occurs in Asia and Africa. ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:1402014139 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of infantum. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5671 VSMO:0001787 Leishmania infantum A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of infantum. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of killicki. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:40286 VSMO:0001788 Leishmania killicki A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of killicki. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of major. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa and Asia 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5664 VSMO:0001789 Leishmania major A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of major. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa and Asia ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of tropica. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Africa and Asia. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5666 VSMO:0001790 Leishmania tropica A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of tropica. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Africa and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of amazonensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5659 VSMO:0001791 Leishmania amazonensis A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of amazonensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of braziliensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Central America and South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5660 VSMO:0001792 Leishmania braziliensis A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of braziliensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Central America and South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of chagasi. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (visceral leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Central America and South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:44271 VSMO:0001793 Leishmania chagasi A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of chagasi. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (visceral leishmaniasis) in humans and dogs. Occurs in Central America and South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of colombiensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Central America and South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:93413 VSMO:0001794 Leishmania colombiensis A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of colombiensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Central America and South America. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of garnhami. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:214612 VSMO:0001795 Leishmania garnhami A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of garnhami. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of guyanensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5670 VSMO:0001796 Leishmania guyanensis A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of guyanensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of lainsoni. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5677 VSMO:0001797 Leishmania lainsoni A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of lainsoni. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of mexicana. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in the Americas. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5665 VSMO:0001798 Leishmania mexicana A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of mexicana. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of naiffi. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5678 VSMO:0001799 Leishmania naiffi A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of naiffi. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of panamensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Central America and South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5679 VSMO:0001800 Leishmania panamensis A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of panamensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in Central America and South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of peruviana. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5681 VSMO:0001801 Leishmania peruviana A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of peruviana. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of pifanoi. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5682 VSMO:0001802 Leishmania pifanoi A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of pifanoi. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of shawi. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:5680 VSMO:0001803 Leishmania shawi A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of shawi. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of venezuelensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. 2011-01-09T08:21:06Z NCBITaxon:155283 Leishmania mexicana venezuelensis VSMO:0001804 Leishmania venezuelensis A kinetoplast of Genus Leishmania with the species designation of venezuelensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease (cutaneous leishmaniasis) in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of brucei. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease in humans (sleeping sickness, African trypanosomiasis) and domestic animals (nagana). Recognized subtypes of Trypanosoma brucei include: Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Trypanosoma brucei brucei causes disease (nagana) in domestic animals including horses (severe disease), sheep, goats, camels, cats and dogs (Africa). Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes disease (West African sleeping sickness, Gambian sleeping sickness) in humans (western and north-central Africa). Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense causes disease (East African sleeping sickness, Rhodesian sleeping sickness) in humans (central and eastern Africa). leisen 2011-01-09T09:04:54Z NCBITaxon:5691 VSMO:0001805 Trypanosoma brucei A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of brucei. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease in humans (sleeping sickness, African trypanosomiasis) and domestic animals (nagana). Recognized subtypes of Trypanosoma brucei include: Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Trypanosoma brucei brucei causes disease (nagana) in domestic animals including horses (severe disease), sheep, goats, camels, cats and dogs (Africa). Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes disease (West African sleeping sickness, Gambian sleeping sickness) in humans (western and north-central Africa). Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense causes disease (East African sleeping sickness, Rhodesian sleeping sickness) in humans (central and eastern Africa). ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of cruzi. COMMENT: Transmitted by reduviid bugs. Causes disease in humans (Chagas disease, American trypanosomiasis) and canines (canine trypanosomiasis). Occurs in the Americas. leisen 2011-01-09T09:04:54Z NCBITaxon:5693 VSMO:0001806 Trypanosoma cruzi A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of cruzi. COMMENT: Transmitted by reduviid bugs. Causes disease in humans (Chagas disease, American trypanosomiasis) and canines (canine trypanosomiasis). Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of vivax. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana, souma) in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and camels. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-09T09:04:54Z NCBITaxon:5699 VSMO:0001807 Trypanosoma vivax A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of vivax. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana, souma) in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and camels. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of suis. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana) in pigs. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-09T09:04:54Z VSMO:0001808 Trypanosoma suis A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of suis. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana) in pigs. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of congolense. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana) in cattle, horses, sheep, goats and horses. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-09T09:04:54Z NCBITaxon:5692 VSMO:0001809 Trypanosoma congolense A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of congolense. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana) in cattle, horses, sheep, goats and horses. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of simiae. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana) in pigs. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-09T09:04:54Z NCBITaxon:5701 VSMO:0001812 Trypanosoma simiae A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of simiae. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana) in pigs. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of uniforme. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-09T09:05:07Z VSMO:0001813 Trypanosoma uniforme A kinetoplast of Genus Trypanosoma with the species designation of uniforme. COMMENT: Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes disease (nagana) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Any parasitic round worm (nematode) of the Phylum Nematoda. leisen 2011-01-09T09:52:51Z NCBITaxon:6231 VSMO:0001816 Nematoda Any parasitic round worm (nematode) of the Phylum Nematoda. VSMO:Authors Stephanofilaria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Stephanofilaria is a Genus in Family Filariidae. leisen 2011-01-09T09:59:17Z VSMO:0001819 Stephanofilaria Stephanofilaria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Stephanofilaria is a Genus in Family Filariidae. VSMO:Authors Parafilaria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Parafilaria is a Genus in Family Filariidae. leisen 2011-01-09T09:59:17Z VSMO:0001820 Parafilaria Parafilaria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Parafilaria is a Genus in Family Filariidae. VSMO:Authors Brugia is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Brugia is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2011-01-09T10:03:52Z NCBITaxon:6278 VSMO:0001821 Brugia Brugia is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Brugia is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors Loa is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Loa is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2011-01-09T10:03:52Z NCBITaxon:7208 VSMO:0001825 Loa Loa is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Loa is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors Onchocerca is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Onchocerca is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2011-01-09T10:03:52Z NCBITaxon:6281 VSMO:0001826 Onchocerca Onchocerca is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Onchocerca is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors Setaria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Setaria is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2011-01-09T10:03:52Z NCBITaxon:4554 VSMO:0001827 Setaria Setaria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Setaria is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors Wuchereria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Wuchereria is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2011-01-09T10:03:52Z NCBITaxon:6292 VSMO:0001829 Wuchereria Wuchereria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Wuchereria is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors Dirofilaria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Dirofilaria is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2011-01-09T10:06:11Z NCBITaxon:6286 VSMO:0001830 Dirofilaria Dirofilaria is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Dirofilaria is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors Mansonella is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Mansonella is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2011-01-09T10:07:02Z NCBITaxon:42230 VSMO:0001831 Mansonella Mansonella is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Mansonella is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors Tabanidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called tabanid flies or deer flies. leisen 2011-01-10T12:29:10Z NCBITaxon:7205 deer flies tabanid flies VSMO:0001832 Tabanidae Tabanidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called tabanid flies or deer flies. ISBN:1402014139 Elaeophora is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Elaeophora is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2011-01-09T10:09:13Z VSMO:0001833 Elaeophora Elaeophora is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Elaeophora is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors A nematode of Genus Brugia with the species designation of malayi. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (lymphatic filariasis, Brugian filariasis) in humans. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-09T10:09:38Z NCBITaxon:6279 VSMO:0001834 Brugia malayi A nematode of Genus Brugia with the species designation of malayi. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (lymphatic filariasis, Brugian filariasis) in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A nematode of Genus Wuchereria with the species designation of bancrofti. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (lymphatic filariasis, Bancroftian filariasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa, Asia, the Pacific Islands, South America, and the Caribbean. leisen 2011-01-09T10:10:14Z NCBITaxon:6293 VSMO:0001835 Wuchereria bancrofti A nematode of Genus Wuchereria with the species designation of bancrofti. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (lymphatic filariasis, Bancroftian filariasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa, Asia, the Pacific Islands, South America, and the Caribbean. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of volvulus. COMMENT: Causes disease (onchocerciasis, river blindness, Roble's disease) in humans. Occurs in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, South America, and Central America. leisen 2011-01-09T10:10:52Z NCBITaxon:6282 VSMO:0001836 Onchocerca volvulus A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of volvulus. COMMENT: Causes disease (onchocerciasis, river blindness, Roble's disease) in humans. Occurs in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, South America, and Central America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A nematode of Genus Loa with the species designation of loa. COMMENT: Transmitted by tabanid flies. Causes disease (loiasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, South America, and Central America. leisen 2011-01-09T10:11:10Z NCBITaxon:7209 VSMO:0001837 Loa loa A nematode of Genus Loa with the species designation of loa. COMMENT: Transmitted by tabanid flies. Causes disease (loiasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, South America, and Central America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Mansonella with the species designation of perstans. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (mansonelliasis) in humans. Occurs in Central America, South America, and Africa. leisen 2011-01-09T10:11:41Z NCBITaxon:42231 Dipetalonema perstans VSMO:0001838 Mansonella perstans A nematode of Genus Mansonella with the species designation of perstans. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (mansonelliasis) in humans. Occurs in Central America, South America, and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Mansonella with the species designation of streptocerca. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (mansonelliasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-09T10:11:57Z Dipetalonema streptocerca VSMO:0001839 Mansonella streptocerca A nematode of Genus Mansonella with the species designation of streptocerca. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (mansonelliasis) in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Mansonella with the species designation of ozzardi. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges and blackflies. Causes disease (mansonelliasis) in humans. Occurs in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. leisen 2011-01-09T10:12:25Z NCBITaxon:122354 VSMO:0001840 Mansonella ozzardi A nematode of Genus Mansonella with the species designation of ozzardi. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges and blackflies. Causes disease (mansonelliasis) in humans. Occurs in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Dirofilaria with the species designation of immitis. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (canine cardiovascular dirofilariasis, dog heartworm) in dogs. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-09T10:12:48Z NCBITaxon:6287 VSMO:0001841 Dirofilaria immitis A nematode of Genus Dirofilaria with the species designation of immitis. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (canine cardiovascular dirofilariasis, dog heartworm) in dogs. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Brugia with the species designation of timori. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (lymphatic filariasis, Timorian filariasis) in humans. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:06:46Z NCBITaxon:42155 VSMO:0001842 Brugia timori A nematode of Genus Brugia with the species designation of timori. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (lymphatic filariasis, Timorian filariasis) in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of dimidiata. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa leisen 2011-01-10T12:29:41Z VSMO:0001843 Chrysops dimidiata A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of dimidiata. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://books.google.com/books?id=mRw2AAAAMAAJ A nematode of Genus Dirofilaria with the species designation of repens. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (dirofilariasis) in dogs and cats. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, and Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:39:27Z NCBITaxon:31241 VSMO:0001844 Dirofilaria repens A nematode of Genus Dirofilaria with the species designation of repens. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (dirofilariasis) in dogs and cats. Occurs in southern Europe, Africa, and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of lienalis. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle. Occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:49:00Z NCBITaxon:263205 VSMO:0001845 Onchocerca lienalis A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of lienalis. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle. Occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of gutturosa. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges and blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle and other bovines. Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:49:00Z NCBITaxon:6283 VSMO:0001846 Onchocerca gutturosa A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of gutturosa. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges and blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle and other bovines. Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of dukei. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-10T12:49:00Z NCBITaxon:173668 VSMO:0001847 Onchocerca dukei A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of dukei. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of ochengi. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2011-01-10T12:49:00Z NCBITaxon:42157 VSMO:0001848 Onchocerca ochengi A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of ochengi. COMMENT: Transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of gibsoni. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle and other bovines. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:49:00Z NCBITaxon:6284 VSMO:0001849 Onchocerca gibsoni A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of gibsoni. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle and other bovines. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of sweetae. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle and other bovines. Occurs in Australia and Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:49:00Z VSMO:0001852 Onchocerca sweetae A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of sweetae. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle and other bovines. Occurs in Australia and Asia. ISBN:9780123725004 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of armillata. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:49:00Z NCBITaxon:36091 VSMO:0001853 Onchocerca armillata A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of armillata. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by blackflies. Causes disease (bovine onchocercosis) in cattle. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of reticulata. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (equine onchocercosis) in horses. Occurs in Australia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:57:55Z VSMO:0001854 Onchocerca reticulata A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of reticulata. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease (equine onchocercosis) in horses. Occurs in Australia. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of cervicalis. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges and blackflies. Causes disease (equine onchocercosis) in horses. Occurs in North America and Australia. leisen 2011-01-10T12:57:55Z NCBITaxon:35522 VSMO:0001855 Onchocerca cervicalis A nematode of Genus Onchocerca with the species designation of cervicalis. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges and blackflies. Causes disease (equine onchocercosis) in horses. Occurs in North America and Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Elaeophora with the species designation of schneideri. COMMENT: Transmitted by tabanid flies. Causes disease (elaeophorosis) in sheep. Occurs in Europe and North America. leisen 2011-01-10T01:02:45Z VSMO:0001858 Elaeophora schneideri A nematode of Genus Elaeophora with the species designation of schneideri. COMMENT: Transmitted by tabanid flies. Causes disease (elaeophorosis) in sheep. Occurs in Europe and North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Stephanofilaria with the species designation of stilesi. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease in cattle. Occurs in Asia and North America. leisen 2011-01-10T01:05:51Z VSMO:0001859 Stephanofilaria stilesi A nematode of Genus Stephanofilaria with the species designation of stilesi. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease in cattle. Occurs in Asia and North America. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Stephanofilaria with the species designation of assamensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease in cattle. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T01:05:51Z VSMO:0001860 Stephanofilaria assamensis A nematode of Genus Stephanofilaria with the species designation of assamensis. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease in cattle. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Parafilaria with the species designation of bovicola. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (bovine parafilariasis) in cattle. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T01:10:30Z VSMO:0001861 Parafilaria bovicola A nematode of Genus Parafilaria with the species designation of bovicola. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (bovine parafilariasis) in cattle. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Parafilaria with the species designation of multipapillosa. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (equine parafilariasis) in horses. Occurs in Europe and Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T01:10:30Z VSMO:0001862 Parafilaria multipapillosa A nematode of Genus Parafilaria with the species designation of multipapillosa. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (equine parafilariasis) in horses. Occurs in Europe and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 Muscidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called houseflies. leisen 2011-01-10T01:13:07Z NCBITaxon:7366 house flies VSMO:0001863 Muscidae Muscidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called houseflies. ISBN:1402014139 A nematode of Genus Setaria with the species designation of digitata. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2011-01-10T01:17:08Z NCBITaxon:48799 Setaria digitatus VSMO:0001867 Setaria digitata A nematode of Genus Setaria with the species designation of digitata. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Setaria with the species designation of labiatopapillosa. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in cattle and horses. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2011-01-10T01:20:04Z NCBITaxon:108094 Setaria cervi VSMO:0001868 Setaria labiatopapillosa A nematode of Genus Setaria with the species designation of labiatopapillosa. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in cattle and horses. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9781405119641 Habronema is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Habronema is a Genus in Family Habronematidae. leisen 2011-01-10T01:26:09Z NCBITaxon:227890 VSMO:0001871 Habronema Habronema is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Habronema is a Genus in Family Habronematidae. VSMO:Authors A nematode of Genus Habronema with the species designation of muscae. COMMENT: Transmitted by blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (gastric habronemiasis) in horses. leisen 2011-01-10T01:27:02Z NCBITaxon:227892 VSMO:0001872 Habronema muscae A nematode of Genus Habronema with the species designation of muscae. COMMENT: Transmitted by blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (gastric habronemiasis) in horses. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 A nematode of Genus Habronema with the species designation of microstoma. COMMENT: Transmitted by blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (gastric habronemiasis) in horses. leisen 2011-01-10T01:27:02Z NCBITaxon:227891 Habronema majus VSMO:0001873 Habronema microstoma A nematode of Genus Habronema with the species designation of microstoma. COMMENT: Transmitted by blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (gastric habronemiasis) in horses. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of culicifacies. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T12:37:47Z MIRO:40002255 NCBITaxon:139723 Anopheles culicifacies var. adenensis Christophers Anopheles indica Theobald Anopheles listoni Giles Myzomyia punjobensis James VSMO:0001880 Anopheles culicifacies A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of culicifacies. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of minimus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T12:51:09Z MIRO:40003537 NCBITaxon:112268 Anopheles aconitus var. cohaesa Doenitz Anopheles christophersi Theobald Anopheles christophersi var. alboapicalis Theobald Anopheles formosaensis Tsuzuki Anopheles vincenti Laveran VSMO:0001881 Anopheles minimus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of minimus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of philippinensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T12:52:44Z MIRO:40003565 NCBITaxon:319534 Anopheles hainanensis Takei Anopheles pampangensis Brunetti Pyretophorus freerae Banks VSMO:0001882 Anopheles philippinensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of philippinensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sundaicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2011-01-12T12:54:30Z MIRO:40003605 NCBITaxon:34692 Myzomyia ludlowi var. sundaicus Rodenwaldt VSMO:0001883 Anopheles sundaicus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sundaicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of tessellatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T12:56:23Z MIRO:40003610 NCBITaxon:59161 Anopheles deceptor Doenitz Anopheles formosae Hatori Anopheles kinoshitai Koidzumi Anopheles taiwanensis Koidzumi Dactylomyia ceylonica Newstead and Carter Myzomyia thorntonii Ludlow VSMO:0001884 Anopheles tessellatus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of tessellatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of varuna. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2011-01-12T12:57:06Z MIRO:40003621 NCBITaxon:93948 VSMO:0001885 Anopheles varuna A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of varuna. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of dirus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T12:59:55Z MIRO:40002263 NCBITaxon:7168 VSMO:0001886 Anopheles dirus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of dirus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of maculatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T01:01:52Z MIRO:40003525 NCBITaxon:74869 Myzomyia hanabusai Yamada VSMO:0001887 Anopheles maculatus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of maculatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of balabacensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T01:04:58Z MIRO:40002233 NCBITaxon:59124 Anopheles leucosphyrus var. balabacensis Baisas VSMO:0001888 Anopheles balabacensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of balabacensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of leucosphyrus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T01:08:16Z MIRO:40003511 NCBITaxon:409345 VSMO:0001889 Anopheles leucosphyrus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of leucosphyrus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of ludlowae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2011-01-12T01:09:12Z MIRO:40003520 Anopheles cabrerai Cagampang-Ramos and Darsie Anopheles hatorii Koidzumi Anopheles ludlowae var. formosensis Koidzumi Myzomyia ludlowae Theobald VSMO:0001890 Anopheles ludlowae A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of ludlowae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of subpictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T01:12:04Z MIRO:40003603 NCBITaxon:59160 Aldrichia error Theobald Anopheles rossii Giles VSMO:0001892 Anopheles subpictus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of subpictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pattoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2011-01-12T01:13:55Z MIRO:40003562 NCBITaxon:333671 VSMO:0001893 Anopheles pattoni A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pattoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of farauti. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T01:17:25Z MIRO:40002278 NCBITaxon:69004 Anopheles annulipes var. moluccensis Swellengrebel and Swellengrebel de Graaf VSMO:0001895 Anopheles farauti A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of farauti. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of punctulatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T01:24:17Z MIRO:40003571 NCBITaxon:30068 VSMO:0001896 Anopheles punctulatus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of punctulatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of nuneztovari. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2011-01-12T01:30:37Z MIRO:40000165 NCBITaxon:30067 VSMO:0001897 Anopheles nuneztovari A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of nuneztovari. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of triannulatus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2011-01-12T01:31:41Z MIRO:40000175 NCBITaxon:58253 Anopheles bachmanni Petrocchi Anopheles davisi Paterson and Shannon Anopheles perezi Shannon and Del Ponte Anopheles triannulatus var. chagasi Galvao Cellia cuyabensis Neiva and Pinto Cellia triannulatus Neiva and Pinto VSMO:0001898 Anopheles triannulatus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of triannulatus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of cinereus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2011-01-12T01:48:01Z MIRO:40002249 Anopheles hispaniola Theobald Anopheles italicus Raffaele Anopheles jehafi Patton Myzomyia rifenus Baeza Cuellar Pyretophorus myzomyifacies Theobald VSMO:0001899 Anopheles cinereus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of cinereus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pharoensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2011-01-12T01:53:24Z MIRO:40003564 NCBITaxon:221566 Anopheles albus Ventrillon Anopheles maculicosta Becker Anopheles pharoensis var. albofimbriatus Giles Nyssorhynchus bozasi Neveu-Lemaire VSMO:0001900 Anopheles pharoensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pharoensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Powered trap, designated the Wilton and Kloter cylinder trap, which combines a visual color attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Wilton and Kloter devised a trap for sampling Aedes aegypti which is lighter, more compact and more easily made than the Fay-Prince trap. It consists of an 18-cm length of plexiglas having an outside diameter of 9.5 cm and painted shiny black on the inside. It is fitted with machine bolts to the bottom of the plastic body of a CDC light-trap which has had the bottom part cut off to leave a 1-cm extension below the reinforced ring. The light-bulb is removed, and the trap inverted so that the CDC part is positioned below. A 1-pint paper carton painted black on the inside and outside and with the bottom replaced with black netting is dropped into the top of the trap. A screen cone is fitted into the top of the carton to prevent mosquitoes escaping if there is a power failure. The trap operates from a 6-V battery. leisen 2012-01-06T08:16:03Z VSMO:0001901 Wilton and Kloter cylinder trap Powered trap, designated the Wilton and Kloter cylinder trap, which combines a visual color attractant and short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Wilton and Kloter devised a trap for sampling Aedes aegypti which is lighter, more compact and more easily made than the Fay-Prince trap. It consists of an 18-cm length of plexiglas having an outside diameter of 9.5 cm and painted shiny black on the inside. It is fitted with machine bolts to the bottom of the plastic body of a CDC light-trap which has had the bottom part cut off to leave a 1-cm extension below the reinforced ring. The light-bulb is removed, and the trap inverted so that the CDC part is positioned below. A 1-pint paper carton painted black on the inside and outside and with the bottom replaced with black netting is dropped into the top of the trap. A screen cone is fitted into the top of the carton to prevent mosquitoes escaping if there is a power failure. The trap operates from a 6-V battery. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the duplex cone trap, which combines a visual color attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The invasion of the USA by Aedes albopictus challenged American entomologists to devise a trap that could be used for surveillance of adults of this species. Carbon dioxide and light-traps have proved ineffective in Southeast Asia for collecting Aedes albopictus, but it was noted in Louisiana, USA that adults often settled on shiny black plastic bags, and this eventually led Freier and Francy to develop a duplex cone trap. The components of the trap are a 48-cm diameter, 41-cm tall black cone that has thirty 2.5-cm holes cut from around the base. This black cone is surmounted with a 50-cm diameter, 34-cm tall shiny galvanized cone supported 20 cm from the ground by four metal legs. A 10-cm diameter collar connects the top of the outer cone to a 46.5-cm tall, 8.3-cm diameter plastic cylinder which houses a CDC-type motor and fan powered by a 6-V battery. The trap is positioned over about 1 kg dry ice placed on the ground. Gas escapes through the holes around the base of the black cone and mosquitoes attracted by odor and the black cone are sucked up by the fan between the two cones into a CDC-type collecting bag placed on top of the trap. leisen 2012-01-06T08:18:08Z VSMO:0001902 duplex cone trap Powered trap, designated the duplex cone trap, which combines a visual color attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The invasion of the USA by Aedes albopictus challenged American entomologists to devise a trap that could be used for surveillance of adults of this species. Carbon dioxide and light-traps have proved ineffective in Southeast Asia for collecting Aedes albopictus, but it was noted in Louisiana, USA that adults often settled on shiny black plastic bags, and this eventually led Freier and Francy to develop a duplex cone trap. The components of the trap are a 48-cm diameter, 41-cm tall black cone that has thirty 2.5-cm holes cut from around the base. This black cone is surmounted with a 50-cm diameter, 34-cm tall shiny galvanized cone supported 20 cm from the ground by four metal legs. A 10-cm diameter collar connects the top of the outer cone to a 46.5-cm tall, 8.3-cm diameter plastic cylinder which houses a CDC-type motor and fan powered by a 6-V battery. The trap is positioned over about 1 kg dry ice placed on the ground. Gas escapes through the holes around the base of the black cone and mosquitoes attracted by odor and the black cone are sucked up by the fan between the two cones into a CDC-type collecting bag placed on top of the trap. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the moving-target trap of Dennett, which combines a visual motion attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Dennett and others describe the construction of a visual attraction trap for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus that incorporates a swinging motion. The trap itself is a suction trap constructed from a 10-cm length of thin walled PVC pipe, a 6V d.c. motor and fan mounted onto a piece of sheet metal, and a PVC pipe collection container. This suction trap is mounted on a modified battery-powered baby swing, which provides the back-and-forth motion. The swing was modified by removing the seat and replacing it with four panels of 4-mm thick black polyethylene plastic sheeting, to form a box open at the top and bottom. The rear panel of this box measured 64 cm long × 23 cm wide and was attached to the top part of the swinging frame. The front panel was 36 cm long × 25 cm wide and the two side panels were 36 cm long × 30 cm wide. leisen 2012-01-06T08:21:41Z VSMO:0001903 moving-target trap of Dennett Powered trap, designated the moving-target trap of Dennett, which combines a visual motion attractant with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: Dennett and others describe the construction of a visual attraction trap for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus that incorporates a swinging motion. The trap itself is a suction trap constructed from a 10-cm length of thin walled PVC pipe, a 6V d.c. motor and fan mounted onto a piece of sheet metal, and a PVC pipe collection container. This suction trap is mounted on a modified battery-powered baby swing, which provides the back-and-forth motion. The swing was modified by removing the seat and replacing it with four panels of 4-mm thick black polyethylene plastic sheeting, to form a box open at the top and bottom. The rear panel of this box measured 64 cm long × 23 cm wide and was attached to the top part of the swinging frame. The front panel was 36 cm long × 25 cm wide and the two side panels were 36 cm long × 30 cm wide. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the Ikeshoji cylinder sound trap, which combines an auditory attractant with a sticky surface to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: This sound trap was made from a rolled 30 x 32-cm transparent colorless polyethylene sheet into which was suspended a 9.3-cm diameter speaker (1 W, 8 ohm). The inside of the sound cylinder was sprayed with Tangle Foot adhesive, and it was positioned horizontally on top of the tripod. Sound was provided by a handmade sound generator consisting of a small audio-oscillator powered by four 1.5-V batteries and at dusk emitted sinusoidal sound of 370 or 400 Hz at 100 dB. leisen 2012-01-06T08:23:17Z VSMO:0001904 Ikeshoji cylinder sound trap Powered trap, designated the Ikeshoji cylinder sound trap, which combines an auditory attractant with a sticky surface to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: This sound trap was made from a rolled 30 x 32-cm transparent colorless polyethylene sheet into which was suspended a 9.3-cm diameter speaker (1 W, 8 ohm). The inside of the sound cylinder was sprayed with Tangle Foot adhesive, and it was positioned horizontally on top of the tripod. Sound was provided by a handmade sound generator consisting of a small audio-oscillator powered by four 1.5-V batteries and at dusk emitted sinusoidal sound of 370 or 400 Hz at 100 dB. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the Nicosia trap, which combines an auditory attractant with a sticky surface to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The Nicosia trap produces an acoustical signal by way of pulsed liquid technology, which is designed to be similar to the signal produced by the circulatory system of host animals. leisen 2012-01-06T08:26:53Z VSMO:0001905 Nicosia trap Powered trap, designated the Nicosia trap, which combines an auditory attractant with a sticky surface to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The Nicosia trap produces an acoustical signal by way of pulsed liquid technology, which is designed to be similar to the signal produced by the circulatory system of host animals. ISBN:9781402066658 Powered trap, designated the BG Sentinel trap, which combines visual color and olfactory attractants with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The BG-Sentinel mosquito trap is essentially a collapsible, white fabric container with a white gauze covering its opening. The diameter is 36 cm (14 inches), the height 40 cm (1.3 feet). In the middle of the gauze cover, air is sucked into the trap through a black catch pipe by an electrical fan, drawing approaching mosquitoes into a catch bag. The air then exits the trap through the white gauze, generating ascending currents. These are similar to convection currents produced by a human host, both in its direction, its geometrical structure, and, due to the addition of the BG-Lure, also in its chemical composition. This trap was initially developed to catch Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, With the addition of carbon dioxide, the BG-Sentinel can be used as a surveillance tool for mosquitoes in general. leisen 2012-01-06T08:27:40Z VSMO:0001906 BG-Sentinel trap Powered trap, designated the BG Sentinel trap, which combines visual color and olfactory attractants with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: The BG-Sentinel mosquito trap is essentially a collapsible, white fabric container with a white gauze covering its opening. The diameter is 36 cm (14 inches), the height 40 cm (1.3 feet). In the middle of the gauze cover, air is sucked into the trap through a black catch pipe by an electrical fan, drawing approaching mosquitoes into a catch bag. The air then exits the trap through the white gauze, generating ascending currents. These are similar to convection currents produced by a human host, both in its direction, its geometrical structure, and, due to the addition of the BG-Lure, also in its chemical composition. This trap was initially developed to catch Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, With the addition of carbon dioxide, the BG-Sentinel can be used as a surveillance tool for mosquitoes in general. VSMO:Authors Powered trap, designated the zumba trap, which combines visual color and olfactory attractants with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: This collapsible and portable trap consists, in part, of a man-sized black and green fabric cylinder. The trap has a diameter of 0.30 m and a height of 1.50 m. Suction is provided by a fan powered by a 12-volt battery. leisen 2012-01-06T08:33:05Z VSMO:0001907 zumba trap Powered trap, designated the zumba trap, which combines visual color and olfactory attractants with short-range suction action to collect host-seeking adult arthropods. COMMENT: This collapsible and portable trap consists, in part, of a man-sized black and green fabric cylinder. The trap has a diameter of 0.30 m and a height of 1.50 m. Suction is provided by a fan powered by a 12-volt battery. VSMO:Authors Equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods, in the form of a trap. COMMENT: For passive arthropod collection (works continuously in the absence of a human collector). leisen 2012-01-06T09:54:52Z VSMO:0001908 trap for adult flying arthropods Equipment for collection of adult flying arthropods, in the form of a trap. COMMENT: For passive arthropod collection (works continuously in the absence of a human collector). VSMO:Authors Trap for adult flying arthropods designed to capture specimens while they are in general flight and then hold them in place for some period of time. leisen 2012-01-06T09:57:10Z VSMO:0001909 trap for adult arthropods in general flight Trap for adult flying arthropods designed to capture specimens while they are in general flight and then hold them in place for some period of time. VSMO:Authors Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a large sheet of white fabric which is dragged over vegetation to collect host-seeking ticks. COMMENT: The tick drag is moved over the vegetation by pulling it, via a rope, cord, or handle, behind the operator. Attached ticks (larvae, nymphs and adults) are collected from the drag at regular intervals. The bottom of the drag is often weighted down by having some type of material sewn into it. Tick drags are best suited for low lying vegetation. leisen 2012-01-06T12:33:59Z VSMO:0001910 tick drag Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a large sheet of white fabric which is dragged over vegetation to collect host-seeking ticks. COMMENT: The tick drag is moved over the vegetation by pulling it, via a rope, cord, or handle, behind the operator. Attached ticks (larvae, nymphs and adults) are collected from the drag at regular intervals. The bottom of the drag is often weighted down by having some type of material sewn into it. Tick drags are best suited for low lying vegetation. ISBN:0195084314 Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a sheet of white fabric which is attached to a long handle and flagged (or swept) across the vegetation to collect host-seeking ticks. COMMENT: Attached ticks (larvae, nymphs and adults) are collected from the flag at regular intervals. The bottom of the flag is often weighted down by having some type of material sewn into it. The tick flag is especially suitable for thickets or other habitats where a tick drag is difficult to operate. leisen 2012-01-06T12:43:42Z VSMO:0001911 tick flag Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a sheet of white fabric which is attached to a long handle and flagged (or swept) across the vegetation to collect host-seeking ticks. COMMENT: Attached ticks (larvae, nymphs and adults) are collected from the flag at regular intervals. The bottom of the flag is often weighted down by having some type of material sewn into it. The tick flag is especially suitable for thickets or other habitats where a tick drag is difficult to operate. ISBN:0195084314 Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a ground trap that uses carbon dioxide as a bait. COMMENT: Used to collect hard ticks, soft ticks, mites, and reduviid bugs. The arthropods are prevented from leaving the trap by means of being captured in a sticky substance or falling into a part of the trap from which they cannot escape. A very basic carbon dioxide-baited ground trap consists of a container holding dry ice placed in the middle of a platform with sticky material around the edges. This kind of trap can also be augmented with other attractants such as pheromones. leisen 2012-01-06T12:49:12Z VSMO:0001912 carbon dioxide-baited ground trap Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a ground trap that uses carbon dioxide as a bait. COMMENT: Used to collect hard ticks, soft ticks, mites, and reduviid bugs. The arthropods are prevented from leaving the trap by means of being captured in a sticky substance or falling into a part of the trap from which they cannot escape. A very basic carbon dioxide-baited ground trap consists of a container holding dry ice placed in the middle of a platform with sticky material around the edges. This kind of trap can also be augmented with other attractants such as pheromones. ISBN:0195084314 Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a funnel placed under a heat source, to drive ground-based arthropods out of the material placed in the funnel, and above a collection jar which collects the arthropods that emerge from the bottom of the funnel. COMMENT: Used to collect mobile arthropods from soil samples or host nesting material. leisen 2012-01-06T01:03:14Z VSMO:0001913 Berlese funnel Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a funnel placed under a heat source, to drive ground-based arthropods out of the material placed in the funnel, and above a collection jar which collects the arthropods that emerge from the bottom of the funnel. COMMENT: Used to collect mobile arthropods from soil samples or host nesting material. ISBN:0195084314 Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a device equipped with suction action to collect arthropods from small crevices or animal burrows. COMMENT: Examples include the "Tick Sucker Mark V" which was developed to collect soft ticks from subterranean animal burrows. leisen 2012-01-06T01:07:12Z VSMO:0001914 powered suction device for animal burrows Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods, in the form of a device equipped with suction action to collect arthropods from small crevices or animal burrows. COMMENT: Examples include the "Tick Sucker Mark V" which was developed to collect soft ticks from subterranean animal burrows. ISBN:0195084314 Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods from animal burrows, in the form of a square piece of white flannel held in an alligator clip and attached to a flexible metal cable. COMMENT: Fleas can be collected from within and around the openings of animal burrows (typically rodent burrows) using a burrow swab. A typical burrow swab consists of a square piece of white flannel (25-30 cm on a side), which is held in an alligator clip attached to a flexible metal cable in the form of a plumbing snake). The swab is pushed as far as possible (2-5 meters) into the burrow, allowed to remain stationary for 30 seconds, and then gently retrieved. Attached fleas are then retrieved from the swab. leisen 2012-01-06T01:14:50Z VSMO:0001915 burrow swab Equipment for collection of ground-based arthropods from animal burrows, in the form of a square piece of white flannel held in an alligator clip and attached to a flexible metal cable. COMMENT: Fleas can be collected from within and around the openings of animal burrows (typically rodent burrows) using a burrow swab. A typical burrow swab consists of a square piece of white flannel (25-30 cm on a side), which is held in an alligator clip attached to a flexible metal cable in the form of a plumbing snake). The swab is pushed as far as possible (2-5 meters) into the burrow, allowed to remain stationary for 30 seconds, and then gently retrieved. Attached fleas are then retrieved from the swab. VSMO:Authors A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Mayaro virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in the Americas. leisen 2012-01-10T01:03:43Z NCBITaxon:59301 VSMO:0001918 Mayaro virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Mayaro virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Semliki Forest virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Semliki Forest virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2012-01-10T03:14:06Z NCBITaxon:11033 VSMO:0001919 Semliki Forest virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Semliki Forest virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Semliki Forest virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Ilheus virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtype Rocio virus. Causes disease in humans and domestic animals such as pigs and horses. Occurs in the Americas. leisen 2012-01-10T03:35:21Z NCBITaxon:59563 VSMO:0001920 Ilheus virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Ilheus virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtype Rocio virus. Causes disease in humans and domestic animals such as pigs and horses. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of hermani. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (avian malaria) in turkeys. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-01-10T04:50:44Z VSMO:0001924 Plasmodium hermani An apicomplexan of Genus Plasmodium with the species designation of hermani. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (avian malaria) in turkeys. Occurs in North America. ISBN:9780123725004 Drachsia is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Drachsia is a Genus in Family Habronematidae. leisen 2012-01-11T01:25:40Z VSMO:0001925 Drachsia Drachsia is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Drachsia is a Genus in Family Habronematidae. VSMO:Authors A nematode of Genus Drachsia with the species designation of megastoma. COMMENT: Transmitted by blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (gastric habronemiasis) in horses. leisen 2012-01-11T01:27:43Z Habronema megastoma VSMO:0001926 Drachsia megastoma A nematode of Genus Drachsia with the species designation of megastoma. COMMENT: Transmitted by blood-sucking muscid flies. Causes disease (gastric habronemiasis) in horses. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 Sarconema is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Sarconema is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. leisen 2012-01-11T02:17:11Z NCBITaxon:88420 VSMO:0001931 Sarconema Sarconema is a Genus of Phylum Nematoda. COMMENT: Sarconema is a Genus in Family Onchocercidae. VSMO:Authors A nematode of Genus Sarconema with the species designation of eurycerca. COMMENT: Transmitted by lice. Causes disease (heartworm) in geese. Occurs worldwide. leisen 2012-01-11T02:17:45Z NCBITaxon:496054 VSMO:0001932 Sarconema eurycerca A nematode of Genus Sarconema with the species designation of eurycerca. COMMENT: Transmitted by lice. Causes disease (heartworm) in geese. Occurs worldwide. ISBN:9780123725004 A virus of Genus Vesiculovirus with the designation of Chandipura virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2012-01-11T02:34:47Z NCBITaxon:11272 VSMO:0001933 Chandipura virus A virus of Genus Vesiculovirus with the designation of Chandipura virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of Changuinola virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Has been associated with disease in humans. Occurs in South America. leisen 2012-01-11T02:36:02Z NCBITaxon:40052 VSMO:0001934 Changuinola virus A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of Changuinola virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by sandflies. Has been associated with disease in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 Haemoproteus is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Haemoproteus is a Genus in Order Haemospororida. leisen 2012-01-11T02:41:15Z NCBITaxon:77521 VSMO:0001935 Haemoproteus Haemoproteus is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Haemoproteus is a Genus in Order Haemospororida. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Haemoproteus with the species designation of meleagridis. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease in turkeys. Occurs in the Americas. leisen 2012-01-11T02:41:35Z VSMO:0001936 Haemoproteus meleagridis An apicomplexan of Genus Haemoproteus with the species designation of meleagridis. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Causes disease in turkeys. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of duncani. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in humans. Occurs in western North America. 2012-01-11T03:53:29Z NCBITaxon:323732 WA-1 type Babesia VSMO:0001937 Babesia duncani An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of duncani. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in humans. Occurs in western North America. ISBN:9780123725004 An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of lestoquardi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in Europe and Africa. leisen 2012-01-11T04:29:49Z NCBITaxon:77054 Theileria hirci VSMO:0001944 Theileria lestoquardi An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of lestoquardi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in Europe and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 Cytauxzoon is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Piroplasmids in Family Theileriidae. leisen 2012-01-11T04:32:02Z NCBITaxon:27995 VSMO:0001945 Cytauxzoon Cytauxzoon is a Genus of Phylum Apicomplexa. COMMENT: Piroplasmids in Family Theileriidae. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Cytauxzoon with the species designation of felis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (feline cytauxzoonosis) in cats. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-01-11T04:32:57Z NCBITaxon:27996 VSMO:0001946 Cytauxzoon felis An apicomplexan of Genus Cytauxzoon with the species designation of felis. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (feline cytauxzoonosis) in cats. Occurs in North America. ISBN:9780123725004 A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of lusitaniae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans on rare occasions. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and Asia. leisen 2012-01-12T08:30:58Z NCBITaxon:100177 VSMO:0001947 Borrelia lusitaniae A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of lusitaniae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease) in humans on rare occasions. Member of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. Occurs in Europe and Asia. ISBN:1555812384: A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of lonestari. COMMENT: Possibly transmitted by hard ticks. Has been suggested as the causative agent of Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (Master's disease), although the evidence is conflicting and the bacterium may be non-pathogenic in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-01-12T08:57:35Z NCBITaxon:38876 VSMO:0001948 Borrelia lonestari A bacterium of Genus Borrelia with the species designation of lonestari. COMMENT: Possibly transmitted by hard ticks. Has been suggested as the causative agent of Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (Master's disease), although the evidence is conflicting and the bacterium may be non-pathogenic in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Akabane virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Belongs to the Simbu Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes fetal deformities and abortion in cattle. Occurs in Asia, Australia, and Africa. leisen 2012-01-12T10:14:25Z NCBITaxon:70566 VSMO:0001953 Akabane virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Akabane virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Belongs to the Simbu Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Causes fetal deformities and abortion in cattle. Occurs in Asia, Australia, and Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 The estimated proportion of animals alive on day d that is still alive on day d+1 (DeMaster and Drevenak, 1988). The DSR can also be treated as a probability: then it is defined as the probability that an animal alive on day d will still be alive on day d+1. leisen 2012-01-13T09:45:06Z VSMO:0001955 This term refers to the estimate and not the process of obtaining the estimate. daily survival rate The estimated proportion of animals alive on day d that is still alive on day d+1 (DeMaster and Drevenak, 1988). The DSR can also be treated as a probability: then it is defined as the probability that an animal alive on day d will still be alive on day d+1. VSMO:Authors The process of spraying a pesticide that sticks to the sprayed substrate and remains active for some period of time. COMMENTS: For example used indoor in malaria control campaigns. 2012-01-13T11:27:39Z VSMO:0001956 pesticide residual spraying The process of spraying a pesticide that sticks to the sprayed substrate and remains active for some period of time. COMMENTS: For example used indoor in malaria control campaigns. VSMO:Authors Pesticide residual spraying that is conducted indoors. COMMENT: Commonly used in malaria control campaigns. leisen 2012-01-13T11:31:41Z VSMO:0001957 indoor residual spraying Pesticide residual spraying that is conducted indoors. COMMENT: Commonly used in malaria control campaigns. VSMO:Authors The process of delivering an insecticide into the air in the form of droplets less than 50 micrometers in diameter. COMMENT: Only effective while the droplets remain airborne. Space sprays are applied mainly as fogs. leisen 2012-01-13T11:33:25Z fogging VSMO:0001958 space spraying The process of delivering an insecticide into the air in the form of droplets less than 50 micrometers in diameter. COMMENT: Only effective while the droplets remain airborne. Space sprays are applied mainly as fogs. URI:http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_WHOPES_GCDPP_2003.5.pdf A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of microorganisms, which have the role of pathogen. leisen 2012-01-13T12:46:35Z VSMO:0001959 pathogen surveillance A surveillance process aiming to produce information about one or several objects, in the form of microorganisms, which have the role of pathogen. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. leisen 2012-01-13T01:58:17Z VSMO:0001963 parasitic round worm pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. leisen 2012-01-13T01:58:20Z VSMO:0001964 parasitic round worm pathogen of human A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. leisen 2012-01-13T02:07:38Z VSMO:0001965 parasitic round worm blackfly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. leisen 2012-01-13T02:07:38Z VSMO:0001966 parasitic round worm biting midge borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. leisen 2012-01-13T02:07:38Z VSMO:0001967 parasitic round worm mosquito borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a fly vector. leisen 2012-01-13T02:09:28Z VSMO:0001968 parasitic round worm fly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a fly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. leisen 2012-01-13T02:12:12Z VSMO:0001969 parasitic round worm biting midge borne pathogen of human A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a biting midge vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. leisen 2012-01-13T02:13:03Z VSMO:0001970 parasitic round worm blackfly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. leisen 2012-01-13T02:13:22Z VSMO:0001971 parasitic round worm mosquito borne pathogen of human A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a mosquito vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a fly vector. leisen 2012-01-13T02:13:40Z VSMO:0001972 parasitic round worm fly borne pathogen of human A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a fly vector. VSMO:Authors A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Alkhurma virus. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by soft and/or hard ticks. Causes disease (Alkhurma virus disease) in humans. Occurs in the Middle East. leisen 2012-01-13T02:20:44Z NCBITaxon:172148 Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus Alkhumra virus VSMO:0001973 Alkhurma virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Alkhurma virus. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by soft and/or hard ticks. Causes disease (Alkhurma virus disease) in humans. Occurs in the Middle East. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Everglades virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-01-13T02:25:36Z VSMO:0001974 Everglades virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Everglades virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in North America. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Mucambo virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in the Americas. leisen 2012-01-13T02:26:42Z NCBITaxon:60875 VSMO:0001975 Mucambo virus A virus of Genus Alphavirus with the designation of Mucambo virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in the Americas. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Zika virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the strain Spondweni virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa and Asia. leisen 2012-01-13T03:07:33Z NCBITaxon:64320 VSMO:0001977 Zika virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Zika virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the strain Spondweni virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Banzi virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2012-01-13T03:09:30Z NCBITaxon:38837 VSMO:0001978 Banzi virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Banzi virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of Orungo virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2012-01-13T03:22:19Z NCBITaxon:40058 VSMO:0001979 Orungo virus A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of Orungo virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of Peruvian horse sickness virus. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Peruvian horse sickness) in horses. Occurs in South America and Australia. leisen 2012-01-13T03:24:06Z NCBITaxon:356862 VSMO:0001980 Peruvian horse sickness virus A virus of Genus Orbivirus with the designation of Peruvian horse sickness virus. COMMENT: Presumably transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Peruvian horse sickness) in horses. Occurs in South America and Australia. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Shuni virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Belongs to the Simbu Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Aino virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2012-01-13T03:42:37Z NCBITaxon:159148 VSMO:0001981 Shuni virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Shuni virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by biting midges. Belongs to the Simbu Serogroup of Orthobunyavirus. Includes the subtype Aino virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Guaroa virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Central America and South America. leisen 2012-01-18T07:56:20Z NCBITaxon:80941 VSMO:0001983 Guaroa virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Guaroa virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Central America and South America. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Ilesha virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2012-01-18T07:58:09Z NCBITaxon:273341 VSMO:0001984 Ilesha virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Ilesha virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Madrid virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Central America. leisen 2012-01-18T08:03:23Z NCBITaxon:348013 VSMO:0001986 Madrid virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Madrid virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Central America. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Marituba virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtype Murutucu virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in South America. leisen 2012-01-18T08:04:26Z NCBITaxon:292278 VSMO:0001987 Marituba virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Marituba virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Includes the subtype Murutucu virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in South America. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Oriboca virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. leisen 2012-01-18T08:07:10Z NCBITaxon:192199 VSMO:0001989 Oriboca virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of Oriboca virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of wyeomyia virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. leisen 2012-01-18T08:08:07Z NCBITaxon:273350 VSMO:0001990 wyeomyia virus A virus of Genus Orthobunyavirus with the designation of wyeomyia virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780123737328 Dermanyssidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called dermanyssid mites. 2012-01-18T01:34:12Z NCBITaxon:34639 VSMO:0001991 Dermanyssidae Dermanyssidae is a Family in Order Acari. COMMENT: Also called dermanyssid mites. ISBN:0124732763 ISBN:9780123725004 A mite of Genus Liponyssoides with the species designation of sanguineus. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia akari leisen 2012-01-18T01:42:20Z Allodermanyssus sanguineus VSMO:0001992 Liponyssoides sanguineus A mite of Genus Liponyssoides with the species designation of sanguineus. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia akari ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of pallidum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi leisen 2012-01-18T01:50:08Z NCBITaxon:279272 VSMO:0001993 Leptotrombidium pallidum A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of pallidum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:4212400 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of scutellare. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi leisen 2012-01-18T01:50:48Z NCBITaxon:436349 VSMO:0001994 Leptotrombidium scutellare A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of scutellare. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:4212400 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of imphalum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi leisen 2012-01-18T02:06:22Z NCBITaxon:436345 VSMO:0001995 Leptotrombidium imphalum A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of imphalum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi VSMO:Authors A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of chiangraiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi leisen 2012-01-18T02:07:51Z NCBITaxon:436344 VSMO:0001996 Leptotrombidium chiangraiensis A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of chiangraiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of arboreus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum Borrelia anserina Quaranfil virus leisen 2012-01-18T02:26:36Z VSMO:0001997 Argas arboreus A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of arboreus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum Borrelia anserina Quaranfil virus ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14570115 URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of walkerae. COMMENT: Also called fowl tampan. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum Borrelia anserina leisen 2012-01-18T02:28:39Z NCBITaxon:906883 VSMO:0001998 Argas walkerae A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of walkerae. COMMENT: Also called fowl tampan. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum Borrelia anserina ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of sanchezi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Borrelia anserina leisen 2012-01-18T02:42:13Z VSMO:0001999 Argas sanchezi A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of sanchezi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Borrelia anserina ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of miniatus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Borrelia anserina leisen 2012-01-18T02:42:37Z VSMO:0002000 Argas miniatus A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of miniatus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Borrelia anserina ISBN:1402014139 PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of reflexus. COMMENT: Also called the pigeon tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Borrelia anserina leisen 2012-01-18T02:54:06Z NCBITaxon:34604 Acarus reflexus Fabricius VSMO:0002001 Argas reflexus A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of reflexus. COMMENT: Also called the pigeon tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Borrelia anserina ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Carios with the species designation of rudis. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Borrelia venezuelensis leisen 2012-01-18T02:56:12Z Ornithodoros rudis VSMO:0002002 Carios rudis A soft tick of Genus Carios with the species designation of rudis. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Borrelia venezuelensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Carios with the species designation of talaje. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Borrelia mazzottii leisen 2012-01-18T02:58:49Z Argas talaje Guérin-Méneville Ornithodoros talaje VSMO:0002003 Carios talaje A soft tick of Genus Carios with the species designation of talaje. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Borrelia mazzottii ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of asperus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Borrelia caucasica leisen 2012-01-18T03:00:43Z Ornithodoros verrucosus VSMO:0002004 Ornithodoros asperus A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of asperus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Borrelia caucasica ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of tartakovskyi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Borrelia latyschewii Royal Farm virus (Karshi virus) leisen 2012-01-18T03:09:49Z NCBITaxon:570969 VSMO:0002005 Ornithodoros tartakovskyi A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of tartakovskyi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Borrelia latyschewii Royal Farm virus (Karshi virus) ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of tholozani. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Borrelia persica Kyasanur Forest disease virus Royal Farm virus (Karshi virus) leisen 2012-01-18T03:10:54Z Ornithodoros crossi Ornithodoros papillipes Birula VSMO:0002006 Ornithodoros tholozani A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of tholozani. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Borrelia persica Kyasanur Forest disease virus Royal Farm virus (Karshi virus) ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of sonrai. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Borrelia crocidurae Langat virus Royal Farm virus (Karshi virus) Suspected vector of: African swine fever virus leisen 2012-01-18T03:30:57Z NCBITaxon:352064 VSMO:0002010 Ornithodoros sonrai A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of sonrai. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Borrelia crocidurae Langat virus Royal Farm virus (Karshi virus) Suspected vector of: African swine fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of graingeri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Borrelia crocidurae leisen 2012-01-20T08:05:16Z VSMO:0002014 Ornithodoros graingeri A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of graingeri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Borrelia crocidurae ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of alactagalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Borrelia crocidurae leisen 2012-01-20T08:07:25Z VSMO:0002015 Ornithodoros alactagalis A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of alactagalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Borrelia crocidurae ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of marocanus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europea and Africa. Vector of: Borrelia hispanica leisen 2012-01-20T08:09:46Z VSMO:0002016 Ornithodoros marocanus A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of marocanus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europea and Africa. Vector of: Borrelia hispanica ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of lepidum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Rickettsia africae Rickettsia conorii Theileria mutans Theileria velifera leisen 2012-01-20T08:20:33Z VSMO:0002017 Amblyomma lepidum A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of lepidum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Rickettsia africae Rickettsia conorii Theileria mutans Theileria velifera ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of nuttalli. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Francisella tularensis Rickettsia sibirica leisen 2012-01-20T08:38:50Z NCBITaxon:1046038 VSMO:0002018 Dermacentor nuttalli A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of nuttalli. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Francisella tularensis Rickettsia sibirica ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of reticulatus. COMMENT: Also called the ornate cow tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia divergens Babesia ovis Coxiella burnetii Francisella tularensis Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia sibirica Rickettsia slovaca Theileria equi Theileria ovis tick-borne encephalitis virus leisen 2012-01-20T08:48:22Z NCBITaxon:57047 Dermacentor pictus VSMO:0002019 Dermacentor reticulatus A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of reticulatus. COMMENT: Also called the ornate cow tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia divergens Babesia ovis Coxiella burnetii Francisella tularensis Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia sibirica Rickettsia slovaca Theileria equi Theileria ovis tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 PMID:7393142 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of silvarum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia ovis Rickettsia heilongjiangensis Rickettsia sibirica Theileria equi Theileria ovis Suspected vector of: Powassan virus leisen 2012-01-20T08:48:40Z NCBITaxon:543639 Dermacentor coreus Itagaki, Noda and Yamaguchi VSMO:0002020 Dermacentor silvarum A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of silvarum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia ovis Rickettsia heilongjiangensis Rickettsia sibirica Theileria equi Theileria ovis Suspected vector of: Powassan virus ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of concinna. COMMENT: Also called the relict tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Francisella tularensis Powassan virus Rickettsia sibirica tick-borne encephalitis virus Suspected vector of: Rickettsia heilongjiangensis leisen 2012-01-20T08:54:08Z NCBITaxon:523089 Haemaphysalis filippovae Bolotin VSMO:0002021 Haemaphysalis concinna A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of concinna. COMMENT: Also called the relict tick. Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Francisella tularensis Powassan virus Rickettsia sibirica tick-borne encephalitis virus Suspected vector of: Rickettsia heilongjiangensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 PMID:7393142 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of flava. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Francisella tularensis Rickettsia japonica Suspected vector of: Hepatozoon canis leisen 2012-01-20T08:56:26Z NCBITaxon:181088 VSMO:0002022 Haemaphysalis flava A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of flava. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Francisella tularensis Rickettsia japonica Suspected vector of: Hepatozoon canis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of japonica. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Rickettsia sibirica leisen 2012-01-20T08:57:30Z VSMO:0002023 Haemaphysalis japonica A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of japonica. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Rickettsia sibirica ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of leachi. COMMENT: Also called the yellow dog tick. Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Babesia canis Coxiella burnetii Rickettsia conorii leisen 2012-01-20T08:58:52Z NCBITaxon:44385 VSMO:0002024 Haemaphysalis leachi A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of leachi. COMMENT: Also called the yellow dog tick. Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Babesia canis Coxiella burnetii Rickettsia conorii ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of spinigera. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus Langat virus tick-borne encephalitis virus leisen 2012-01-20T09:02:24Z VSMO:0002025 Haemaphysalis spinigera A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of spinigera. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus Langat virus tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors Tracking to determine how individual vertebrates use the landscape. COMMENT: Can be achieved, for example, using telemetry with radio-collared animals. leisen 2012-01-20T09:27:03Z VSMO:0002027 determination of vertebrate movement pattern Tracking to determine how individual vertebrates use the landscape. COMMENT: Can be achieved, for example, using telemetry with radio-collared animals. VSMO:Authors Quality, in the form of a measure, which refers to a group of vertebrates. leisen 2012-01-20T09:33:23Z VSMO:0002028 measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates Quality, in the form of a measure, which refers to a group of vertebrates. VSMO:Authors Abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host, which quantifies their relative number based on mark-recapture or mark-release-recapture. leisen 2012-01-20T10:04:51Z VSMO:0002034 abundance estimate for adult arthropods based on mark-recapture Abundance estimate for adult arthropods off-host, which quantifies their relative number based on mark-recapture or mark-release-recapture. VSMO:Authors Quality of individual arthropod which defines the basic combined feeding and gonotrophic status of a female insect. COMMENT: Practical and often used classification. leisen 2012-01-20T10:59:14Z VSMO:0002038 combined feeding and gonotrophic status of insect Quality of individual arthropod which defines the basic combined feeding and gonotrophic status of a female insect. COMMENT: Practical and often used classification. VSMO:Authors Unfed; with collapsed abdomen and ovaries occupying one third of the abdomen. leisen 2012-01-20T11:06:25Z VSMO:0002039 Sella's stage I Unfed; with collapsed abdomen and ovaries occupying one third of the abdomen. ISBN:9241700130 VSMO:Authors Freshly fed; with bright red blood and ovaries occupying 2-3 segments ventrally and 4 dorsally. leisen 2012-01-20T11:06:25Z VSMO:0002040 Sella's stage II Freshly fed; with bright red blood and ovaries occupying 2-3 segments ventrally and 4 dorsally. ISBN:9241700130 VSMO:Authors Half-gravid; with dark red blood and ovaries occupying 4-5 segments ventrally and 6 dorsally. leisen 2012-01-20T11:06:25Z VSMO:0002041 Sella's stage III-IV Half-gravid; with dark red blood and ovaries occupying 4-5 segments ventrally and 6 dorsally. ISBN:9241700130 VSMO:Authors Sub-gravid; with blood greatly reduced and dark in color and ovaries occupying most of abdomen. leisen 2012-01-20T11:06:25Z VSMO:0002042 Sella's stage V Sub-gravid; with blood greatly reduced and dark in color and ovaries occupying most of abdomen. ISBN:9241700130 VSMO:Authors Gravid; with blood completely digested or present only as a black trace or line. leisen 2012-01-20T11:06:25Z VSMO:0002043 Sella's stage VI-VII Gravid; with blood completely digested or present only as a black trace or line. ISBN:9241700130 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of asiaticum. COMMENT: Also called the small asiatic hyalomma. Includes the subspecies Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum, Hyalomma asiaticum caucasicum and Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi. Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Rickettsia mongolotimonae Rickettsia sibirica Theileria annulata leisen 2012-01-20T11:14:01Z NCBITaxon:266040 VSMO:0002044 Hyalomma asiaticum A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of asiaticum. COMMENT: Also called the small asiatic hyalomma. Includes the subspecies Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum, Hyalomma asiaticum caucasicum and Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi. Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Rickettsia mongolotimonae Rickettsia sibirica Theileria annulata ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of mongolotimonae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Mongolian tick typhus) in humans. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2012-01-20T11:16:09Z NCBITaxon:45261 Rickettsia sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae VSMO:0002045 Rickettsia mongolotimonae A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of mongolotimonae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (Mongolian tick typhus) in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of marginatum. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Hyalomma marginatum marginatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, and Hyalomma marginatum isaaci. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia occultans Babesia ovis Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Dugbe virus Francisella tularensis Kyasanur Forest disease virus Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia conorii Theileria equi leisen 2012-01-20T11:18:07Z NCBITaxon:34627 Hyalomma rufipes VSMO:0002046 Hyalomma marginatum A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of marginatum. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Hyalomma marginatum marginatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, and Hyalomma marginatum isaaci. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia caballi Babesia canis Babesia occultans Babesia ovis Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Dugbe virus Francisella tularensis Kyasanur Forest disease virus Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia conorii Theileria equi ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of granulatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Langat virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia honei leisen 2012-01-20T11:22:36Z NCBITaxon:59647 VSMO:0002047 Ixodes granulatus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of granulatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Langat virus Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia honei ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of ovatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Francisella tularensis Rickettsia japonica tick-borne encephalitis virus Suspected vector of: Borrelia burgdorferi leisen 2012-01-20T11:28:28Z NCBITaxon:59652 Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka and Suzuki VSMO:0002048 Ixodes ovatus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of ovatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Francisella tularensis Rickettsia japonica tick-borne encephalitis virus Suspected vector of: Borrelia burgdorferi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of pumilio. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Francisella tularensis Rickettsia conorii leisen 2012-01-20T11:51:20Z NCBITaxon:127007 VSMO:0002049 Rhipicephalus pumilio A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of pumilio. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Francisella tularensis Rickettsia conorii ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of turanicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia massiliae Theileria equi leisen 2012-01-20T11:52:00Z NCBITaxon:34633 VSMO:0002050 Rhipicephalus turanicus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of turanicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Coxiella burnetii Rickettsia conorii Rickettsia massiliae Theileria equi ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of turturis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus tick-borne encephalitis virus leisen 2012-01-20T12:04:24Z VSMO:0002051 Haemaphysalis turturis A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of turturis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of taiwanensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Rickettsia japonica leisen 2012-01-20T12:37:27Z VSMO:0002052 Dermacentor taiwanensis A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of taiwanensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Rickettsia japonica ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of massiliae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe and Africa. leisen 2012-01-20T12:45:09Z NCBITaxon:35791 VSMO:0002053 Rickettsia massiliae A bacterium of Genus Rickettsia with the species designation of massiliae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (tick-borne spotted fever) in humans. Occurs in Europe and Africa. ISBN:1555812384: A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of annulatus. COMMENT: Also called the Texas cattle fever tick. Belongs to the subgenus Boophilus. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis Borrelia theileri leisen 2012-01-23T12:07:11Z NCBITaxon:34611 Boophilus annulatus Say VSMO:0002054 Rhipicephalus annulatus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of annulatus. COMMENT: Also called the Texas cattle fever tick. Belongs to the subgenus Boophilus. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis Borrelia theileri ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of microplus. COMMENT: Also called the tropical cattle tick or southern cattle tick. Belongs to the subgenus Boophilus. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis Borrelia theileri Coxiella burnetii Theileria equi leisen 2012-01-23T12:12:57Z NCBITaxon:6941 Boophilus microplus Canestrini VSMO:0002055 Rhipicephalus microplus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of microplus. COMMENT: Also called the tropical cattle tick or southern cattle tick. Belongs to the subgenus Boophilus. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis Borrelia theileri Coxiella burnetii Theileria equi ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of decoloratus. COMMENT: Also called the African blue tick. Belongs to the subgenus Boophilus. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia ovis Babesia trautmanni Borrelia theileri leisen 2012-01-23T12:17:56Z NCBITaxon:60189 Boophilus decoloratus Koch Boophilus florae Santos Dias Boophilus scheepersi Santos Dia VSMO:0002056 Rhipicephalus decoloratus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of decoloratus. COMMENT: Also called the African blue tick. Belongs to the subgenus Boophilus. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Babesia ovis Babesia trautmanni Borrelia theileri ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of geigyi. COMMENT: Belongs to the subgenus Boophilus. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis leisen 2012-01-23T12:26:40Z NCBITaxon:136141 Boophilus geigyi Aeschlimann and Morel VSMO:0002058 Rhipicephalus geigyi A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of geigyi. COMMENT: Belongs to the subgenus Boophilus. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Babesia bigemina Babesia bovis ISBN:1402014139 PMID:14570115 A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of nitens. COMMENT: Also called the tropical horse tick. Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia caballi Theileria equi leisen 2012-01-23T12:51:12Z NCBITaxon:60253 Anocentor nitens Neumann VSMO:0002061 Dermacentor nitens A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of nitens. COMMENT: Also called the tropical horse tick. Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Babesia caballi Theileria equi ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of bispinosa. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Babesia canis Babesia gibsoni Babesia motasi Babesia ovis Theileria equi leisen 2012-01-23T12:54:21Z VSMO:0002062 Haemaphysalis bispinosa A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of bispinosa. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Babesia canis Babesia gibsoni Babesia motasi Babesia ovis Theileria equi ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of detritum. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Hyalomma detritum detritum and Hyalomma detritum scupense. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Theileria annulata leisen 2012-01-23T12:59:45Z NCBITaxon:572043 Hyalomma scupense Schulze VSMO:0002063 Hyalomma detritum A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of detritum. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Hyalomma detritum detritum and Hyalomma detritum scupense. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Theileria annulata ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of gemma. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Theileria mutans leisen 2012-01-23T01:03:12Z VSMO:0002064 Amblyomma gemma A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of gemma. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Theileria mutans ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of zambesiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Theileria parva Theileria taurotragi leisen 2012-01-23T01:06:34Z VSMO:0002065 Rhipicephalus zambesiensis A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of zambesiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Theileria parva Theileria taurotragi ISBN:0195084314 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of cohaerens. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Theileria mutans leisen 2012-01-24T01:04:03Z VSMO:0002068 Amblyomma cohaerens A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of cohaerens. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium Theileria mutans ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of simus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma centrale Anaplasma marginale Rickettsia conorii Theileria parva leisen 2012-01-24T01:31:46Z NCBITaxon:72861 VSMO:0002069 Rhipicephalus simus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of simus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Anaplasma centrale Anaplasma marginale Rickettsia conorii Theileria parva ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9781405119641 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of prolixus. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:38:03Z NCBITaxon:13249 Conorhinus limosus Walker (part) VSMO:0002074 Rhodnius prolixus A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of prolixus. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of lignarius. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:48:19Z NCBITaxon:156445 Panstrongylus herreri Wygodzinsky Triatoma lignarius Walker VSMO:0002075 Panstrongylus lignarius A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of lignarius. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of rufotuberculatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:48:19Z NCBITaxon:156443 Lamus rufotuberculatus Champion Mestor rufotuberculatus Usinger Triatoma coxo-rufa Campos Triatoma rufotuberculata Neiva VSMO:0002076 Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of rufotuberculatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of pallescens. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:50:04Z NCBITaxon:72489 Rhodnius dunni Pinto VSMO:0002077 Rhodnius pallescens A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of pallescens. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of ecuadoriensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:50:04Z NCBITaxon:69252 Rhodnius pallescens Cornejo (not Rhodnius pallescens Barber) VSMO:0002078 Rhodnius ecuadoriensis A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of ecuadoriensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of chinai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:51:26Z NCBITaxon:156444 Panstrongylus turpiali Valderrama Triatoma chinai Del Ponte VSMO:0002079 Panstrongylus chinai A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of chinai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of pallidipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:53:44Z NCBITaxon:30077 Meccus pallidipennis Stal Triatoma phyllosoma pallidipennis Usinger Triatoma phyllosoma usingeri Mazzotti (part) VSMO:0002080 Triatoma pallidipennis A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of pallidipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of phyllosoma. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:53:44Z NCBITaxon:98662 Conorhinus phyllosoma Burmeister Meccus phyllosomus Stal VSMO:0002081 Triatoma phyllosoma A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of phyllosoma. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1984 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of maculata. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:53:44Z NCBITaxon:162380 Conorhinus immaculata Patton & Cragg Conorhinus maculatus Erichson Conorhinus maculatus Schomburgk Conorhinus maculatus Stal VSMO:0002082 Triatoma maculata A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of maculata. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of carrioni. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:53:44Z VSMO:0002083 Triatoma carrioni A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of carrioni. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of guasayana. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:53:44Z NCBITaxon:65346 VSMO:0002084 Triatoma guasayana A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of guasayana. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of patagonica. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:53:44Z NCBITaxon:162379 Triatoma gallardoi Carpintero VSMO:0002085 Triatoma patagonica A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of patagonica. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of sordida. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:53:44Z NCBITaxon:65349 Conorhinus sordidus Stal Eutriatoma sordida Pinto Triatoma garciabesi Carcavallo VSMO:0002086 Triatoma sordida A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of sordida. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of pseudomaculata. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:57:16Z NCBITaxon:162376 Triatoma pseudomaculata minasensis Espinola VSMO:0002087 Triatoma pseudomaculata A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of pseudomaculata. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:1402014139 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of barberi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-01-24T02:58:34Z NCBITaxon:133191 VSMO:0002089 Triatoma barberi A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of barberi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:1402014139 Ryckman_RE:1984 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of brevipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma suis leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z NCBITaxon:37001 VSMO:0002091 Glossina brevipalpis A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of brevipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma suis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of fusca. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Glossina fusca fusca and Glossina fusca congolensis. Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma uniforme leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z VSMO:0002092 Glossina fusca A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of fusca. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Glossina fusca fusca and Glossina fusca congolensis. Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma uniforme ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of fuscipes. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, Glossina fuscipes martinii, and Glossina fuscipes quanzensis. Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma uniforme Trypanosoma vivax leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z NCBITaxon:7396 VSMO:0002093 Glossina fuscipes A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of fuscipes. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, Glossina fuscipes martinii, and Glossina fuscipes quanzensis. Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma uniforme Trypanosoma vivax ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of longipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma uniforme leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z VSMO:0002094 Glossina longipalpis A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of longipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma uniforme ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of morsitans. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Glossina morsitans morsitans, Glossina morsitans centralis and Glossina morsitans submorsitans. Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma vivax leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z NCBITaxon:7394 VSMO:0002095 Glossina morsitans A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of morsitans. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Glossina morsitans morsitans, Glossina morsitans centralis and Glossina morsitans submorsitans. Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma vivax ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of pallidipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma uniforme leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z NCBITaxon:7398 VSMO:0002096 Glossina pallidipes A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of pallidipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma uniforme ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 VSMO:Authors A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of palpalis. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma uniforme Trypanosoma vivax leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z NCBITaxon:7397 VSMO:0002097 Glossina palpalis A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of palpalis. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma uniforme Trypanosoma vivax ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of swynnertoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma suis Trypanosoma uniforme Trypanosoma vivax leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z NCBITaxon:66280 VSMO:0002098 Glossina swynnertoni A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of swynnertoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma suis Trypanosoma uniforme Trypanosoma vivax ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of tabaniformes. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma simiae leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z VSMO:0002099 Glossina tabaniformes A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of tabaniformes. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma simiae ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of tachinoides. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma vivax leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z NCBITaxon:37002 VSMO:0002100 Glossina tachinoides A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of tachinoides. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma vivax ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of vanhoofi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma suis Trypanosoma vivax leisen 2012-01-24T03:18:45Z VSMO:0002101 Glossina vanhoofi A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of vanhoofi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma suis Trypanosoma vivax ISBN:9780123725004 A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of fuscipleuris. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma suis leisen 2012-01-24T03:38:40Z VSMO:0002102 Glossina fuscipleuris A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of fuscipleuris. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma simiae Trypanosoma suis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of silacea. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa leisen 2012-01-24T03:43:22Z VSMO:0002103 Chrysops silacea A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of silacea. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://books.google.com/books?id=mRw2AAAAMAAJ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of cheopis. COMMENTS: Also called the oriental rat flea or the tropical rat flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-24T04:01:00Z NCBITaxon:163159 Loemopsylla cheopis Jordan and Rothschild Pulex cheopis Rothschild Pulex murinus Tiraboschi Pulex philippinensis Herzog Pulex tripolitanus Fulmek Xenopsylla pachyuromyidis Glinkiewicz VSMO:0002104 Xenopsylla cheopis A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of cheopis. COMMENTS: Also called the oriental rat flea or the tropical rat flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of longipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania aethiopica 2012-01-26T01:02:43Z VSMO:0002105 Phlebotomus longipes A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of longipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania aethiopica ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of pedifer. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania aethiopica leisen 2012-01-26T01:04:46Z VSMO:0002106 Phlebotomus pedifer A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of pedifer. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania aethiopica ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of alexandri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum Leishmania killicki Leishmania major leisen 2012-01-26T01:05:16Z NCBITaxon:94477 Phlebotomus borovskii Khodukin & Softer VSMO:0002107 Phlebotomus alexandri A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of alexandri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum Leishmania killicki Leishmania major ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of celiae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania donovani leisen 2012-01-26T01:06:40Z VSMO:0002108 Phlebotomus celiae A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of celiae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania donovani ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of martini. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania donovani leisen 2012-01-26T01:07:15Z VSMO:0002109 Phlebotomus martini A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of martini. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania donovani ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of orientalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania donovani leisen 2012-01-26T01:08:06Z NCBITaxon:99786 VSMO:0002110 Phlebotomus orientalis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of orientalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania donovani ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of brevis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:10:04Z NCBITaxon:882005 Phlebotomus ismailicus Perfil'ev VSMO:0002111 Phlebotomus brevis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of brevis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of chinensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:10:36Z NCBITaxon:641374 VSMO:0002112 Phlebotomus chinensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of chinensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of halepensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum Leishmania major Leishmania tropica leisen 2012-01-26T01:11:41Z NCBITaxon:447275 VSMO:0002113 Phlebotomus halepensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of halepensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum Leishmania major Leishmania tropica ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of kandelakii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:12:15Z NCBITaxon:1109342 VSMO:0002114 Phlebotomus kandelakii A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of kandelakii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of langeroni. COMMENT: Occurs in Afrcia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:12:40Z NCBITaxon:99781 VSMO:0002115 Phlebotomus langeroni A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of langeroni. COMMENT: Occurs in Afrcia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of longicuspis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:13:15Z NCBITaxon:99785 VSMO:0002116 Phlebotomus longicuspis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of longicuspis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of neglectus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:14:18Z NCBITaxon:85758 VSMO:0002117 Phlebotomus neglectus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of neglectus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of perfiliewi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum sandfly fever virus leisen 2012-01-26T01:14:55Z NCBITaxon:59275 Phlebotomus macedonicus Adler & Theodor VSMO:0002118 Phlebotomus perfiliewi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of perfiliewi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum sandfly fever virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of perniciosus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania infantum sandfly fever virus leisen 2012-01-26T01:15:44Z NCBITaxon:13204 VSMO:0002119 Phlebotomus perniciosus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of perniciosus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania infantum sandfly fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of tobbi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:18:31Z NCBITaxon:33402 Phlebotomus pirumovi Burakova & Mirzayan VSMO:0002120 Phlebotomus tobbi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of tobbi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of transcaucasicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:18:54Z VSMO:0002121 Phlebotomus transcaucasicus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of transcaucasicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of chaubadi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania killicki Leishmania tropica leisen 2012-01-26T01:20:46Z VSMO:0002122 Phlebotomus chaubadi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of chaubadi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania killicki Leishmania tropica ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of ansarii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania major leisen 2012-01-26T01:22:17Z NCBITaxon:447271 VSMO:0002123 Phlebotomus ansarii A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of ansarii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leishmania major ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of caucasicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania major leisen 2012-01-26T01:22:48Z NCBITaxon:406284 Phlebotomus grimmi Porchinski Phlebotomus selectus Khodukin VSMO:0002124 Phlebotomus caucasicus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of caucasicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Leishmania major ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of duboscqi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania infantum Leishmania major leisen 2012-01-26T01:23:33Z NCBITaxon:37738 Phlebotomus fourtoni Floch & Abonnenc Phlebotomus roubaudi Newstead VSMO:0002125 Phlebotomus duboscqi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of duboscqi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania infantum Leishmania major ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of aculeatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania aethiopica Leishmania tropica leisen 2012-01-26T01:27:52Z VSMO:0002126 Phlebotomus aculeatus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of aculeatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania aethiopica Leishmania tropica ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of guggisbergi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania tropica leisen 2012-01-26T01:28:21Z VSMO:0002127 Phlebotomus guggisbergi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of guggisbergi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania tropica ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of olmeca. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania chagasi Leishmania mexicana Leishmania pifanoi Leishmania venezuelensis leisen 2012-01-26T01:30:28Z NCBITaxon:715919 VSMO:0002128 Lutzomyia olmeca A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of olmeca. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania chagasi Leishmania mexicana Leishmania pifanoi Leishmania venezuelensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of carrerrai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-01-26T01:32:07Z Sergentomyia pessoanus Barretto VSMO:0002129 Lutzomyia carrerrai A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of carrerrai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ovallesi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania guyanensis leisen 2012-01-26T01:34:15Z NCBITaxon:186736 VSMO:0002130 Lutzomyia ovallesi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ovallesi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania guyanensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of panamensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania colombiensis Leishmania panamensis leisen 2012-01-26T01:34:39Z VSMO:0002131 Lutzomyia panamensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of panamensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania colombiensis Leishmania panamensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of paraensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania naiffi leisen 2012-01-26T01:36:17Z VSMO:0002132 Lutzomyia paraensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of paraensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania naiffi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of spinicrassa. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-01-26T01:37:06Z NCBITaxon:186738 VSMO:0002133 Lutzomyia spinicrassa A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of spinicrassa. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of trinidadensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-01-26T01:37:33Z NCBITaxon:195535 VSMO:0002134 Lutzomyia trinidadensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of trinidadensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of wellcomei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-01-26T01:38:25Z VSMO:0002135 Lutzomyia wellcomei A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of wellcomei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of yucumensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-01-26T01:38:45Z VSMO:0002136 Lutzomyia yucumensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of yucumensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of evansi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania chagasi Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-26T01:39:31Z NCBITaxon:417437 VSMO:0002137 Lutzomyia evansi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of evansi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania chagasi Leishmania infantum ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of youngi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania garnhami Suspected vector of: Leishmania pifanoi leisen 2012-01-26T01:42:04Z NCBITaxon:85762 VSMO:0002138 Lutzomyia youngi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of youngi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania garnhami Suspected vector of: Leishmania pifanoi ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ubiquitalis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania lainsoni leisen 2012-01-26T01:43:47Z Phlebotomus cauchensis Floch & Abonnenc VSMO:0002139 Lutzomyia ubiquitalis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ubiquitalis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania lainsoni ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of anthophora. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana leisen 2012-01-26T01:44:49Z VSMO:0002140 Lutzomyia anthophora A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of anthophora. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ayacuchensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana Leishmania peruviana leisen 2012-01-26T01:46:03Z NCBITaxon:252632 VSMO:0002141 Lutzomyia ayacuchensis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of ayacuchensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana Leishmania peruviana ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of christophei. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana leisen 2012-01-26T01:47:28Z VSMO:0002142 Lutzomyia christophei A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of christophei. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of squamiventris. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania naiffi leisen 2012-01-26T01:48:59Z VSMO:0002143 Lutzomyia squamiventris A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of squamiventris. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania naiffi ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of verrucarum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Bartonella bacilliformis Leishmania peruviana leisen 2012-01-26T01:52:25Z NCBITaxon:114598 VSMO:0002144 Lutzomyia verrucarum A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of verrucarum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Bartonella bacilliformis Leishmania peruviana ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of bwambae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:11:25Z NCBITaxon:42896 VSMO:0002145 Anopheles bwambae A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of bwambae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pauliani. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:11:50Z MIRO:40003563 VSMO:0002146 Anopheles pauliani A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pauliani. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of barbirostris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Brugia timori Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:14:20Z MIRO:40000041 NCBITaxon:112267 Anopheles barbirostris ssp. innominata Stoker and Waktoedi Anopheles martini Laveran VSMO:0002147 Anopheles barbirostris A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of barbirostris. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Brugia timori Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of kweiyangensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:16:51Z MIRO:40000118 NCBITaxon:138535 VSMO:0002148 Anopheles kweiyangensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of kweiyangensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of vagus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:23:36Z MIRO:40003618 NCBITaxon:142887 Anopheles albino Stoker and Waktoedi Anopheles immaculata James Anopheles immaculatus Theobald Myzomyia flavescens Swellengrebel Myzomyia indefinita var. flava Swellengrebel VSMO:0002150 Anopheles vagus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of vagus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of niveus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus leisen 2012-01-26T02:24:54Z MIRO:40000649 VSMO:0002151 Aedes niveus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of niveus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:19941975 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of harinasutai. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:25:10Z MIRO:40000747 VSMO:0002152 Aedes harinasutai A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of harinasutai. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of futunae. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:54:21Z MIRO:40000557 Stegomyia futunae VSMO:0002153 Aedes futunae A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of futunae. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of pseudoscutellaris. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: chikungunya virus Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus leisen 2012-01-26T02:55:34Z MIRO:40000612 NCBITaxon:316597 Stegomyia pseudoscutellaris VSMO:0002154 Aedes pseudoscutellaris A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of pseudoscutellaris. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: chikungunya virus Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tabu. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:56:14Z MIRO:40000634 Stegomyia tabu VSMO:0002155 Aedes tabu A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tabu. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tongae. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus leisen 2012-01-26T02:56:50Z MIRO:40000635 NCBITaxon:316598 Stegomyia tongae VSMO:0002156 Aedes tongae A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tongae. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of upolensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-26T02:57:20Z MIRO:40000638 Stegomyia upolensis VSMO:0002157 Aedes upolensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of upolensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of sirbanum. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium damnosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:01:20Z NCBITaxon:37167 Simulium soderense Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye Simulium sudanense Vajime & Dunbar VSMO:0002158 Simulium sirbanum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of sirbanum. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium damnosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of rasyani. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium damnosum complex. Occurs in the Middle East. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:01:53Z NCBITaxon:174148 VSMO:0002159 Simulium rasyani A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of rasyani. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium damnosum complex. Occurs in the Middle East. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of dieguerense. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium damnosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:02:19Z VSMO:0002160 Simulium dieguerense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of dieguerense. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium damnosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of sanctipauli. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium sanctipauli complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:03:14Z NCBITaxon:37166 VSMO:0002161 Simulium sanctipauli A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of sanctipauli. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium sanctipauli complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium in Family Simuliidae (Africa). Member of the Simulium sanctipauli complex. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:03:34Z NCBITaxon:47413 VSMO:0002162 Simulium soubrense A blackfly of Genus Simulium in Family Simuliidae (Africa). Member of the Simulium sanctipauli complex. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of leonense. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium sanctipauli complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:03:54Z NCBITaxon:37339 VSMO:0002163 Simulium leonense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of leonense. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium sanctipauli complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of konkourense. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium sanctipauli complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:04:15Z Simulium kulfoense Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye VSMO:0002164 Simulium konkourense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of konkourense. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium sanctipauli complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of squamosum. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium squamosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:04:45Z NCBITaxon:37341 Simulium kitetense Elsen & Post VSMO:0002165 Simulium squamosum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of squamosum. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium squamosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca ochengi Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of yahense. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium squamosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:05:08Z NCBITaxon:37342 VSMO:0002166 Simulium yahense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of yahense. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium squamosum complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of mengense. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:05:37Z NCBITaxon:174147 VSMO:0002167 Simulium mengense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of mengense. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of kilibanum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:05:54Z NCBITaxon:102900 VSMO:0002168 Simulium kilibanum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of kilibanum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of neavei. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium neavei complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:06:23Z NCBITaxon:102904 Simulium renauxi Wanson & Lebied VSMO:0002169 Simulium neavei A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of neavei. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium neavei complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of woodi. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium neavei complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:06:42Z Simulium ethiopense Simulium woodi ethiopense VSMO:0002170 Simulium woodi A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of woodi. COMMENT: Member of the Simulium neavei complex. Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of albivirgulatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:07:17Z Simulium albovirgulatum VSMO:0002172 Simulium albivirgulatum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of albivirgulatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of ochraceum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:08:04Z Simulium antillarum Jennings Simulium bipunctatum Malloch Simulium pseudoantillarum Ramírez-Pérez & Vulcano Simulium scutellatum Lane & Porto VSMO:0002173 Simulium ochraceum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of ochraceum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of metallicum. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:08:51Z Simulium avidum Hoffmann, Simulium nitidum Malloch Simulium riveti Roubaud Simulium versicolor Lutz & Nuñes Továr, Simulium violacescens Enderlein, VSMO:0002174 Simulium metallicum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of metallicum. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of callidum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:09:23Z Simulium costaricense Smart Simulium costarricense Vargas Simulium mooseri Dampf Simulium rufidorsum Enderlein VSMO:0002175 Simulium callidum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of callidum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of exiguum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:09:57Z Simulium delpontei Paterson & Shannon Simulium glaucophthalmum Knab Simulium urubambanum Enderlein VSMO:0002176 Simulium exiguum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of exiguum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of guianense. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:10:21Z NCBITaxon:445764 Simulium ortizi Ramírez-Pérez Simulium pintoi d'Andretta & d'Andretta VSMO:0002177 Simulium guianense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of guianense. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of incrustatum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:10:38Z Simulium aequifurcatum Lutz Simulium opalinifrons Enderlein Simulium yarzabali Ramírez-Pérez VSMO:0002178 Simulium incrustatum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of incrustatum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of oyapockense. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus Suspected vector of: Mansonella ozzardi leisen 2012-01-26T03:11:05Z NCBITaxon:191064 Simulium cuasisanguineum Ramírez-Pérez, Yarzábal & Peterson Simulium pseudoamazonicum Ramírez-Pérez & Peterson Simulium pseudosanguineum Ramírez-Pérez & Peterson Simulium sanchezi Ramírez-Pérez, Yarzábal & Peterson VSMO:0002179 Simulium oyapockense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of oyapockense. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus Suspected vector of: Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of quadrivittatum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:11:36Z Simulium benjamini Dalmat Simulium fairchildi Vargas Simulium mallochi Enderlein VSMO:0002180 Simulium quadrivittatum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of quadrivittatum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of limbatum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-26T03:12:24Z NCBITaxon:445769 Simulium machadoallisoni Vulcano Simulium machadoi Ramírez-Pérez Simulium meruoca Nunes de Mello, Barbosa de Almeida & Dellome Filho VSMO:0002181 Simulium limbatum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of limbatum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of austeni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Mansonella perstans Mansonella streptocerca leisen 2012-01-26T03:20:29Z VSMO:0002182 Culicoides austeni A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of austeni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Mansonella perstans Mansonella streptocerca ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of amazonicum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi leisen 2012-01-26T03:21:20Z Simulium tallaferroae Ramírez-Pérez Simulium amazonense Lutz VSMO:0002183 Simulium amazonicum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of amazonicum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of ornatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa Onchocerca lienalis Onchocerca ochengi leisen 2012-01-26T03:24:18Z NCBITaxon:304233 Simulium albifrons Rubtsov Simulium amnis Rubtsov Simulium anderliceki Baranov Simulium apenninicum Rivosecchi Simulium arensae Rubtsov Simulium babici Baranov Simulium barense Baranov Simulium bartulici Baranov Simulium borcici Baranov Simulium brevicorne Rubtsov Simulium crassitarse Macquart Simulium curvifila Rivosecchi Simulium fasciatum Meigen Simulium guelminoi Baranov Simulium hibernale Rivosecchi Simulium hibernale Rubtsov Simulium konsuloffi Enderlein Simulium nikolici Baranov Simulium oblimatum Odintsov Simulium pratorum Friederichs Simulium primum Baranov Simulium secundum Baranov Simulium tibiale Macquart Simulium zagrebiense Baranov VSMO:0002184 Simulium ornatum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of ornatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa Onchocerca lienalis Onchocerca ochengi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of punctipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis Jamestown Canyon virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-01-26T03:26:12Z MIRO:40003439 NCBITaxon:102899 Anopheles punctipennis var. stonei Vargas Culex hyemalis Fitch Culex punctipennis Say VSMO:0002185 Anopheles punctipennis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of punctipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis Jamestown Canyon virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of bradleyi. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis leisen 2012-01-26T03:29:54Z MIRO:40000047 NCBITaxon:49917 Anopheles crucians var. bradleyi King VSMO:0002186 Anopheles bradleyi A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of bradleyi. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of sollicitans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-26T03:33:11Z MIRO:40001138 NCBITaxon:310513 Culex sollicitans Walker) Ochlerotatus sollicitans VSMO:0002187 Aedes sollicitans A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of sollicitans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Cache Valley virus Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14651460 PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of sticticus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Tahyna virus leisen 2012-01-26T03:34:04Z MIRO:40001144 NCBITaxon:120878 Aedes aldrichi Dyar and Knab Aedes gonimus Dyar and Knab Aedes paradiantaeus Apfelbeck Aedes vinnipegensis Dyar Culex aestivalis Dyar Culex concinnus Stephens Culex hirsuteron Theobald Culex nemorosus var. dorso-vittatus Villeneuve Culex nigripes var. sylvae Theobald Culex pretans Grossbeck Culex sticticus Meigen Ochlerotatus lesnei Seguy Ochlerotatus sticticus VSMO:0002188 Aedes sticticus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of sticticus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Tahyna virus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of stimulans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Jamestown Canyon virus Plasmodium gallinaceum snowshoe hare virus leisen 2012-01-26T03:36:42Z MIRO:40001146 NCBITaxon:228919 Aedes stimulans classicus Dyar Aedes stimulans mississippii Dyar Culex stimulans Walker Culicada subcantans Felt Ochlerotatus stimulans VSMO:0002189 Aedes stimulans A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of stimulans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Jamestown Canyon virus Plasmodium gallinaceum snowshoe hare virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of excrucians. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-01-26T03:37:33Z MIRO:40001033 NCBITaxon:329103 Aedes dytes Martini Aedes sansoni Dyar and Knab Culex abfitchii Felt Culex excrucians Walker Culex siphonalis Grossbeck Ochlerotatus excrucians VSMO:0002190 Aedes excrucians A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of excrucians. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Rift Valley fever virus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of sierrensis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-26T03:40:25Z MIRO:40001134 Ochlerotatus sierrensis Taeniorhynchus sierrensis Ludlow VSMO:0002191 Aedes sierrensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of sierrensis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis West Nile virus ISBN:1402014139 PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of salinarius. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Plasmodium hermani West Nile virus Suspected vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus leisen 2012-01-26T03:43:39Z MIRO:40002661 NCBITaxon:38743 VSMO:0002192 Culex salinarius A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of salinarius. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Plasmodium hermani West Nile virus Suspected vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus ISBN:1402014139 PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Ctenocephalides with the species designation of felis. COMMENTS: Also called the cat flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Bartonella henselae Rickettsia felis Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-26T03:49:00Z NCBITaxon:7515 Ceratophyllus rufulus Weyenbergh Ctenocephalus enneodus Kolenati Ctenocephalus felis Bouche Ctenocephalus murina Tiraboschi Ctenocephalus musculus Sugimoto Pulex cati Megnin Pulex concoloris Weyenbergh Pulex nasuae Weyenbergh Pulex obscurus Weyenbergh Pulex serraticeps Gervais VSMO:0002193 Ctenocephalides felis A flea of Genus Ctenocephalides with the species designation of felis. COMMENTS: Also called the cat flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Bartonella henselae Rickettsia felis Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Pulex with the species designation of irritans. COMMENTS: Also called the human flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-26T03:56:01Z NCBITaxon:173820 Pulex bahiensis Cunha Pulex conepati Cunha Pulex fulva Ioff Pulex hominis Duges Pulex orientalis Kishida Pulex vulgaris De Geer VSMO:0002194 Pulex irritans A flea of Genus Pulex with the species designation of irritans. COMMENTS: Also called the human flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis ISBN:1402014139 PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of astia. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-26T03:58:22Z VSMO:0002195 Xenopsylla astia A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of astia. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of brasiliensis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and South America. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-26T03:59:00Z Alaopsylla vigetus Rothschild Pulex brasiliensis Baker VSMO:0002196 Xenopsylla brasiliensis A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of brasiliensis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and South America. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Echidnophaga with the species designation of gallinaceus. COMMENTS: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-26T04:01:21Z Echidnophaga gallinacea Pulex pullulorum Johnson Sarcopsylla erinacea Weiss Sarcopsyllus gallinaceus Westwood VSMO:0002197 Echidnophaga gallinaceus A flea of Genus Echidnophaga with the species designation of gallinaceus. COMMENTS: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis ISBN:1402014139 PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Nosopsyllus with the species designation of fasciatus. COMMENTS: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-26T04:02:45Z NCBITaxon:1038824 Ceratophyllus californicus Baker Ceratophyllus canadensis Baker Ceratophyllus endymionis Rothschild Ceratophyllus oculatus Baker Nosopsyllus paganus Peus Pulex fasciatus Bosc Pulex furoris Dale Pulex talpae Bouche VSMO:0002198 Nosopsyllus fasciatus A flea of Genus Nosopsyllus with the species designation of fasciatus. COMMENTS: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Leptopsylla with the species designation of segnis. COMMENTS: Also called the European mouse flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T07:54:27Z NCBITaxon:360617 Ctenophthalmus bidentatus Kolenati Ctenophthalmus quadridentatus Kolenati Leptopsylla musculi Jordan and Rothschild Pulex musculi Duges Pulex segnis Schonherr Typhlopsylla mexicana Baker VSMO:0002199 Leptopsylla segnis A flea of Genus Leptopsylla with the species designation of segnis. COMMENTS: Also called the European mouse flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi Yersinia pestis ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780851989693 VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Aetheca with the species designation of wagneri. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T07:57:44Z NCBITaxon:173773 Aetheca peromysci Stewart Ceratophyllus ophidius Jordan Ceratophyllus systaltus Jordan Monopsyllus kylei Hubbard Monopsyllus wagneri VSMO:0002200 Aetheca wagneri A flea of Genus Aetheca with the species designation of wagneri. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Eumolpianus with the species designation of eumolpi. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:00:15Z NCBITaxon:507051 Ceratophyllus eumolpi Rothschild Monopsyllus canadensis Hubbard Monopsyllus eumolpi Trichopsylla eumolpi VSMO:0002201 Eumolpianus eumolpi A flea of Genus Eumolpianus with the species designation of eumolpi. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Epitedia with the species designation of wenmanni. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:01:32Z NCBITaxon:173793 Ctenophthalmus wenmanni Rothschild, Neopsylla leslor Rothschild Neopsylla similis Chapin VSMO:0002202 Epitedia wenmanni A flea of Genus Epitedia with the species designation of wenmanni. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Hoplopsyllus with the species designation of anomalus. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:02:08Z NCBITaxon:270846 Pulex anomalus Baker VSMO:0002203 Hoplopsyllus anomalus A flea of Genus Hoplopsyllus with the species designation of anomalus. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Hystrichopsylla with the species designation of linsdalei. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:02:42Z VSMO:0002204 Hystrichopsylla linsdalei A flea of Genus Hystrichopsylla with the species designation of linsdalei. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Malaraeus with the species designation of telchinum. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:03:05Z Ceratophyllus telchinum Rothschild Trichopsylla telchinum Ewing & Fox VSMO:0002205 Malaraeus telchinum A flea of Genus Malaraeus with the species designation of telchinum. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Megabothris with the species designation of abantis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:03:30Z NCBITaxon:506910 Ceratophyllus abantis Rothschild Megabothris adversus Wagner Trichopsylla abantis Ewing & Fox VSMO:0002206 Megabothris abantis A flea of Genus Megabothris with the species designation of abantis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Opisodasys with the species designation of nesiotis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:03:59Z Opisodasys nesiotus VSMO:0002207 Opisodasys nesiotis A flea of Genus Opisodasys with the species designation of nesiotis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of acamantis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:04:48Z Ceratophyllus acamantis Rothschild VSMO:0002208 Thrassis acamantis A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of acamantis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of arizonensis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:05:13Z Ceratophyllus arizonensis littoris Jordan Ceratophyllus proximus Baker Pulex arizonensis Baker Thrassis desertorum Stewart VSMO:0002209 Thrassis arizonensis A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of arizonensis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of bacchi. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:05:46Z NCBITaxon:173838 Ceratophyllus bacchi Rothschild VSMO:0002210 Thrassis bacchi A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of bacchi. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of fotus. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:06:17Z Ceratophyllus citelli Stewart Ceratophyllus fotus Jordan Thrassis brennani Augustson Thrassis princei Hubbard VSMO:0002211 Thrassis fotus A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of fotus. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of francisi. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:06:33Z Ceratophyllus francisi C. Fox VSMO:0002212 Thrassis francisi A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of francisi. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of pandorae. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:06:58Z VSMO:0002213 Thrassis pandorae A flea of Genus Thrassis with the species designation of pandorae. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 A flea of Genus Polygenis with the species designation of gwyni. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:07:34Z Rhopalopsyllus gwyni C. Fox Rhopalopsyllus sigmodoni Stewart VSMO:0002214 Polygenis gwyni A flea of Genus Polygenis with the species designation of gwyni. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm A flea of Genus Pleochaetis with the species designation of exilis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:08:01Z Megabothris exilis Jordan Monopsylllls opadus Jordan Monopsylllls triptus Jordan Monopsyllus kansensis Hubbard Trichopsylla exilis Ewing & Fox VSMO:0002215 Pleochaetis exilis A flea of Genus Pleochaetis with the species designation of exilis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Orchopeus with the species designation of sexdentatus. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:08:26Z Ceratophyllus sexdentatus Baker Orchopeas reevesi Vargas VSMO:0002216 Orchopeus sexdentatus A flea of Genus Orchopeus with the species designation of sexdentatus. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of bruneri. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:11:18Z Ceratophyllus saundersi Jordan Pulex bruneri Baker VSMO:0002217 Oropsylla bruneri A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of bruneri. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of hirsuta. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:11:18Z NCBITaxon:483075 Pulex hirsutus Baker Oropsylla hirsutus VSMO:0002218 Oropsylla hirsuta A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of hirsuta. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of idahoensis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:11:18Z Ceratophyllus bertholfi Fox Ceratophyllus idahoensis Baker Ceratophyllus poeantis Rothschild VSMO:0002219 Oropsylla idahoensis A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of idahoensis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of labis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:11:18Z Ceratophyllus labis Jordan and Rothschild VSMO:0002220 Oropsylla labis A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of labis. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of montana. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:11:18Z NCBITaxon:483034 Ceratophyllus acutus Baker Ceratophyllus mandarinus Jordan and Rothschild Diamanus hopkinsi Vargas Diamanus montanus Pulex montanus Baker Oropsylla montanus VSMO:0002221 Oropsylla montana A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of montana. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of rupestris. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:11:18Z Ceratophyllus rupestris Jordan VSMO:0002222 Oropsylla rupestris A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of rupestris. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of tuberculata. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T08:11:18Z NCBITaxon:670711 Ceratophyllus tuberculatus Baker Opisocrostis ornatus I. Fox Opisocrostis tuberculatus cynomuris Jellison VSMO:0002223 Oropsylla tuberculata A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of tuberculata. COMMENTS: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis PMID:19645275 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of anisus. COMMENTS: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi leisen 2012-01-27T08:13:21Z Monopsyllus anisus Rothschild, VSMO:0002224 Ceratophyllus anisus A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of anisus. COMMENTS: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of linealis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Gan Gan virus Ross River virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-27T08:26:42Z MIRO:40002335 Culex linealis Skuse VSMO:0002225 Coquillettidia linealis A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of linealis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Gan Gan virus Ross River virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 PMID:18973445 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of amictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus (Kunjin virus serotype) leisen 2012-01-27T08:28:23Z NCBITaxon:59117 VSMO:0002226 Anopheles amictus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of amictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus (Kunjin virus serotype) ISBN:1402014139 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of camptorhynchus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Kokobera virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus leisen 2012-01-27T08:32:09Z MIRO:40000995 NCBITaxon:644619 Culex camptorhynchus Thomson Culex labeculosus Coquillett Culicada annulipes Taylor Culicada inornata Strickland Culicada nigra Taylor Culicada victoriensis Taylor Culicelsa westralis Strickland Ochlerotatus camptorhynchus VSMO:0002227 Aedes camptorhynchus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of camptorhynchus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Kokobera virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of vittatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus Setaria digitata yellow fever virus leisen 2012-01-27T08:38:08Z MIRO:40000450 NCBITaxon:317808 Culex vittatus Bigot Reedomyia albopunctata Stegomyia brumpti VSMO:0002228 Aedes vittatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of vittatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: chikungunya virus dengue virus Setaria digitata yellow fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of bromeliae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-01-27T08:39:01Z MIRO:40000534 Stegomyia bromeliae VSMO:0002229 Aedes bromeliae A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of bromeliae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: yellow fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of stigmatosoma. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus leisen 2012-01-27T08:53:13Z MIRO:40002682 Culex eumimetes Dyar and Knab VSMO:0002230 Culex stigmatosoma A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of stigmatosoma. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:15691009 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of circumluteolus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Bunyamwera virus Bwamba virus Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus Zika virus (Spondweni virus) leisen 2012-01-27T10:25:51Z MIRO:40000477 NCBITaxon:503349 Banksinella luteolateralis var. circumluteolus Theobald VSMO:0002231 Aedes circumluteolus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of circumluteolus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Bunyamwera virus Bwamba virus Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus Zika virus (Spondweni virus) ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of pembaensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Bunyamwera virus Setaria digitata leisen 2012-01-27T10:27:24Z MIRO:40000516 Phagomyia mutica Enderlein VSMO:0002232 Aedes pembaensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of pembaensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Bunyamwera virus Setaria digitata ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tahoensis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:30:24Z MIRO:40001153 NCBITaxon:767025 Ochlerotatus tahoensis VSMO:0002233 Aedes tahoensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tahoensis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of punctor. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus snowshoe hare virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:32:53Z MIRO:40001114 NCBITaxon:46209 Aedes meigenanus Dyar Culex fusculus Zetterstedt Culex implacabilis Walker Culex punctor Kirby Culex wahlgreni Theobald Culicada nemorosa f. alineata Schneider Culicada nemorosa f. haplolineata Schneider Culicelsa auroides Felt Ochlerotatus punctor VSMO:0002235 Aedes punctor A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of punctor. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus snowshoe hare virus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of hendersoni. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: La Crosse virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:34:13Z MIRO:40001188 NCBITaxon:104516 Ochlerotatus hendersoni VSMO:0002236 Aedes hendersoni A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of hendersoni. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: La Crosse virus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of caspius. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Setaria labiatopapillosa Tahyna virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:35:48Z MIRO:40001001 NCBITaxon:120870 Aedes epsilonn Seguy Aedes grahami Ludlow Aedes quaylei Dyar and Knab Culex arabicus Becker Culex caspius Pallas Culex curriei Coquillett Culex lativittatus Coquillett Culex maculiventris Macquart Culex onondagensis Felt Culex penicillaris Rondani Culex punctatus Meigen Culex siculus Robineau-Desvoidy Grabhamia broquetii Theobald Grabhamia longisquamosa Theobald Grabhamia subtilis Sergent and Sergent Grabhamia willcocksii Theobald Mansonia arabica Giles Taeniorhynchus africanus Neveu-Lemaire VSMO:0002237 Aedes caspius A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of caspius. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Setaria labiatopapillosa Tahyna virus West Nile virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cinereus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Asia, and Europe. Suspected vector of: Sindbis virus Tahyna virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:36:37Z MIRO:40000255 NCBITaxon:120872 Aedes fuscus Osten Sacken Aedes hemiteleus Dyar Aedes leucopygos Eysell Aedes rufus Gimmerthal Culex nigritulus Zetterstedt Culex pallidohirta Grossbeck VSMO:0002238 Aedes cinereus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cinereus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Asia, and Europe. Suspected vector of: Sindbis virus Tahyna virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cantans. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Suspected vector of: Tahyna virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:37:16Z MIRO:40000998 NCBITaxon:120869 Aedes subvexans Martini Culex cantans Meigen Culex reptans Meigen Culex waterhousei Theobald Ochlerotatus cantans VSMO:0002239 Aedes cantans A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cantans. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Suspected vector of: Tahyna virus ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of paraensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi Oropouche virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:39:59Z Culicoides undecimpunctatus Kieffer VSMO:0002240 Culicoides paraensis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of paraensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi Oropouche virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of variipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: African horse sickness virus Akabane virus bluetongue virus epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca cervicalis vesicular stomatitis virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:50:27Z NCBITaxon:46212 VSMO:0002241 Culicoides variipennis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of variipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: African horse sickness virus Akabane virus bluetongue virus epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Mansonella ozzardi Onchocerca cervicalis vesicular stomatitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of sonorensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: African horse sickness virus bluetongue virus epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Onchocerca cervicalis vesicular stomatitis virus leisen 2012-01-27T10:57:14Z NCBITaxon:179676 Culicoides albertensis Wirth and Jones Culicoides australis Wirth and Jones VSMO:0002242 Culicoides sonorensis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of sonorensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: African horse sickness virus bluetongue virus epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Onchocerca cervicalis vesicular stomatitis virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of oxystoma. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia and Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus Palyam virus Suspected vector of: Akabane virus Shuni virus (Aino virus) leisen 2012-01-27T10:59:53Z NCBITaxon:469749 Culicoides alatus Das Gupta and Ghosh Culicoides housei Causey Culicoides kiefferi Patton Culicoides mesopotamiensis Patton Culicoides pattoni Kieffer Culicoides punctigerus Tokunaga VSMO:0002243 Culicoides oxystoma A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of oxystoma. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia and Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus Palyam virus Suspected vector of: Akabane virus Shuni virus (Aino virus) ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of shannoni. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana vesicular stomatitis virus leisen 2012-01-27T11:02:30Z NCBITaxon:46215 Phlebotomus bigeniculatus Floch & Abonnenc Phlebotomus lima Fonseca Phlebotomus microcephalus Barretto & Duret Phlebotomus pifanoi Ortiz VSMO:0002244 Lutzomyia shannoni A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of shannoni. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leishmania mexicana vesicular stomatitis virus ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of vittatum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi vesicular stomatitis virus leisen 2012-01-27T11:03:31Z NCBITaxon:7192 Simulium asakakae Smart Simulium groenlandicum Enderlein Simulium nasale Gistel Simulium vittata Zetterstedt VSMO:0002245 Simulium vittatum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of vittatum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi vesicular stomatitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of hilli. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-01-27T12:28:59Z MIRO:40003493 NCBITaxon:27470 VSMO:0002246 Anopheles hilli A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of hilli. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:1402014139 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of lesteri. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-27T12:30:23Z MIRO:40000121 NCBITaxon:109668 Anopheles anthropophagus Xu and Feng Anopheles hyrcanus var. lesteri Baisas and Hu VSMO:0002247 Anopheles lesteri A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of lesteri. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Brugia malayi Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors Sabethes is a Genus in Family Culicidae. leisen 2012-01-27T01:00:12Z NCBITaxon:53551 VSMO:0002248 Sabethes Sabethes is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Sabethes with the species designation of chloropterus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-01-27T01:00:44Z MIRO:40001397 Culex chloropterus Von Humboldt Sabethes nitidus Theobald Sabethoides confusus Theobald Sabethoides imperfectus Bonne-Wepster and Bonne Sabethoides rangeli Surcouf and Gonzales-Rincones VSMO:0002249 Sabethes chloropterus A mosquito of Genus Sabethes with the species designation of chloropterus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: yellow fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:16913829 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of modestus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-27T01:38:08Z MIRO:40002458 NCBITaxon:545656 Culex eadithae Barraud Culex nudipalpis Shingarev Culex tanajcus Stschelkanovzev VSMO:0002250 Culex modestus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of modestus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of theileri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-27T01:38:54Z MIRO:40002693 NCBITaxon:561267 Culex alpha Seguy Culex creticus Theobald Culex onderstepoortensis Theobald Culex pettigrewii Theobald Culex theileri var. annulata Theobald VSMO:0002251 Culex theileri A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of theileri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of taeniopus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-01-27T01:44:35Z MIRO:40003133 NCBITaxon:284566 Culex mychonde Komp Culex opisthopus Komp Melanoconion annulipes Theobald VSMO:0002252 Culex taeniopus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of taeniopus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of portesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Marituba virus Mucambo virus Oriboca virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-01-27T01:47:01Z MIRO:40003112 NCBITaxon:284563 Culex cayennensis Floch and Abonnenc VSMO:0002253 Culex portesi A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of portesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Marituba virus Mucambo virus Oriboca virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14651460 PMID:16646325 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of caballus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus leisen 2012-01-27T01:56:48Z MIRO:40000990 Grabhamia caballus Theobald VSMO:0002254 Aedes caballus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of caballus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of lineatopennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-27T01:58:15Z MIRO:40000483 NCBITaxon:869251 Pseudohowardina linealis Taylor Taeniorhynchus lineatopennis Ludlow VSMO:0002255 Aedes lineatopennis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of lineatopennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus West Nile virus ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors Eretmapodites is a Genus in Family Culicidae. leisen 2012-01-27T02:00:37Z NCBITaxon:317801 VSMO:0002256 Eretmapodites Eretmapodites is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Eretmapodites with the species designation of chrysogaster. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:01:12Z MIRO:40002172 VSMO:0002257 Eretmapodites chrysogaster A mosquito of Genus Eretmapodites with the species designation of chrysogaster. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus Rift Valley fever virus ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of actoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:08:40Z NCBITaxon:469747 Culicoides imperceptus Das Gupta, Culicoides okumensis Arnaud VSMO:0002258 Culicoides actoni A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of actoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of fulvus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:10:16Z VSMO:0002259 Culicoides fulvus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of fulvus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of wadai. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:11:57Z NCBITaxon:469754 VSMO:0002260 Culicoides wadai A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of wadai. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of insignis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:17:13Z Culicoides inamollae Fox and Hoffman Culicoides painteri Fox VSMO:0002261 Culicoides insignis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of insignis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of dromedarii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: African horse sickness virus Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Theileria equi Suspected vector of: Alkhurma virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:20:40Z NCBITaxon:34626 VSMO:0002262 Hyalomma dromedarii A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of dromedarii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: African horse sickness virus Coxiella burnetii Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Theileria equi Suspected vector of: Alkhurma virus ISBN:1555812384: ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Carios with the species designation of puertoricensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: African swine fever virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:22:36Z NCBITaxon:48824 Ornithodoros puertoricensis Fox VSMO:0002263 Carios puertoricensis A soft tick of Genus Carios with the species designation of puertoricensis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: African swine fever virus ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:14570115 A flea of Genus Ctenocephalides with the species designation of canis. COMMENTS: Also called the dog flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T02:32:01Z NCBITaxon:50434 Ctenocephalus canis Kolenati Ctenocephalus novemdentatus Kolenati Pulex canis Duges Pulex martis Bouche Sarcopsylla canis Westwood Pulex canis Bouche VSMO:0002265 Ctenocephalides canis A flea of Genus Ctenocephalides with the species designation of canis. COMMENTS: Also called the dog flea. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Yersinia pestis ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of philoxera. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T02:34:51Z VSMO:0002266 Xenopsylla philoxera A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of philoxera. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of buxtoni. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T02:35:53Z VSMO:0002267 Xenopsylla buxtoni A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of buxtoni. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of hawaiiensis. COMMENTS: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-27T02:37:10Z VSMO:0002268 Xenopsylla hawaiiensis A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of hawaiiensis. COMMENTS: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Yersinia pestis ISBN:9780851989693 A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of arakawae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leucocytozoon caulleryi Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:41:12Z NCBITaxon:198116 Ceratopogon shimai Sasaki Culicoides alboguttatus Kieffer Culicoides arakawai var niigatensis Culicoides daleki Smith and Swaminath Culicoides sugimotonis Shiraki Culicoides micropunctatus Tokunaga VSMO:0002269 Culicoides arakawae A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of arakawae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leucocytozoon caulleryi Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of festivipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leucocytozoon caulleryi leisen 2012-01-27T02:42:08Z NCBITaxon:309026 Culicoides odibilis Austen Culicoides winnertzi Edwards, VSMO:0002270 Culicoides festivipennis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of festivipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leucocytozoon caulleryi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of schultzei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: bluetongue virus Leucocytozoon caulleryi Suspected vector of: epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus leisen 2012-01-27T02:42:30Z Culicoides irroratus Goetghebuer VSMO:0002271 Culicoides schultzei A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of schultzei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: bluetongue virus Leucocytozoon caulleryi Suspected vector of: epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of longipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma congolense leisen 2012-01-27T02:47:18Z NCBITaxon:66294 VSMO:0002272 Glossina longipennis A tsetse fly of Genus Glossina with the species designation of longipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of : Trypanosoma congolense ISBN:9780851989693 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of rossi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania tropica leisen 2012-01-27T02:50:15Z VSMO:0002273 Phlebotomus rossi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of rossi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania tropica ISBN:9780851989693 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of jamesii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-27T03:12:41Z NCBITaxon:308710 VSMO:0002276 Anopheles jamesii A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of jamesii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tutuilae. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-27T03:18:01Z MIRO:40000861 VSMO:0002277 Aedes tutuilae A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tutuilae. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of rotumae. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus leisen 2012-01-27T03:19:00Z MIRO:40000618 Stegomyia rotumae VSMO:0002278 Aedes rotumae A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of rotumae. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti Suspected vector of: dengue virus ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of kesseli. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-01-27T03:19:35Z MIRO:40000576 Stegomyia kesseli VSMO:0002279 Aedes kesseli A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of kesseli. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of annulifera. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Brugia malayi leisen 2012-01-27T03:25:32Z MIRO:40001271 NCBITaxon:308732 Mansonioides septemguttata Theobald Panoplites annulifera Theobald Panoplites seguini Laveran VSMO:0002280 Mansonia annulifera A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of annulifera. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Brugia malayi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of distinctipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa leisen 2012-01-27T03:32:39Z VSMO:0002281 Chrysops distinctipennis A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of distinctipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://books.google.com/books?id=mRw2AAAAMAAJ A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of longicornis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa leisen 2012-01-27T03:33:24Z Chrysops tarsalis Walker Chrysops trimaculatus Bigot VSMO:0002282 Chrysops longicornis A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of longicornis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://books.google.com/books?id=mRw2AAAAMAAJ A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of zahrai. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa leisen 2012-01-27T03:34:53Z VSMO:0002283 Chrysops zahrai A tabanid fly of Genus Chrysops with the species designation of zahrai. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Loa loa ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://books.google.com/books?id=mRw2AAAAMAAJ A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of barbosai. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi leisen 2012-01-27T03:36:51Z NCBITaxon:209705 VSMO:0002284 Culicoides barbosai A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of barbosai. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of phlebotomus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi leisen 2012-01-27T03:37:51Z Culicoides amazonius Macfie VSMO:0002285 Culicoides phlebotomus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of phlebotomus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of inornatipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Mansonella perstans leisen 2012-01-27T03:41:58Z VSMO:0002287 Culicoides inornatipennis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of inornatipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Mansonella perstans ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of obscurus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca gibsoni leisen 2012-01-27T03:45:49Z Culicoides pungens de Meijere, VSMO:0002288 Culicoides obscurus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of obscurus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca gibsoni ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of bovis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca dukei leisen 2012-01-27T03:48:39Z Simulium faini Wanson Simulium ulangae Lewis & Raybould VSMO:0002289 Simulium bovis A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of bovis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca dukei ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of nubeculosus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis Onchocerca reticulata Suspected vector of: Akabane virus leisen 2012-01-30T08:16:17Z NCBITaxon:144565 Culicoides punctaticollis Goetghebuer Culicoides puncticollis Goetghebuer VSMO:0002290 Culicoides nubeculosus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of nubeculosus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis Onchocerca reticulata Suspected vector of: Akabane virus ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of parroti. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis leisen 2012-01-30T08:19:50Z NCBITaxon:309033 VSMO:0002291 Culicoides parroti A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of parroti. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of obsoletus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis Onchocerca reticulata Suspected vector of: African horse sickness virus bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T08:21:04Z NCBITaxon:289301 Ceratopogon yezoensis Matsumura Culicoides clavatus Kieffer Culicoides concitus Kieffer Culicoides heterocerus Kieffer Culicoides intermedius Okada Culicoides kabyliensis Kieffer Culicoides lacteinervis Kieffer Culicoides obsoletus var. intermedius Okada Culicoides pegobius Kieffer Culicoides rivicola Kieffer Culicoides seimi Shevchenko Culicoides sintrensis Cambournac Culicoides varius Winnertz Culicoides varius var. obscuripes Santos Abreu VSMO:0002292 Culicoides obsoletus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of obsoletus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis Onchocerca reticulata Suspected vector of: African horse sickness virus bluetongue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9780851989693 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of notoscriptus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus dengue virus Dirofilaria immitis Japanese encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus West Nile virus yellow fever virus leisen 2012-01-30T08:23:55Z MIRO:40000804 NCBITaxon:508665 Culex notoscriptus Skuse VSMO:0002293 Aedes notoscriptus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of notoscriptus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus dengue virus Dirofilaria immitis Japanese encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Ross River virus West Nile virus yellow fever virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 PMID:18973445 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A tabanid fly of Genus Tabanus with the species designation of laticornis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri leisen 2012-01-30T08:26:25Z Hybomitra laticornis Philip VSMO:0002294 Tabanus laticornis A tabanid fly of Genus Tabanus with the species designation of laticornis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Elaeophora schneideri ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 ITIS:2012 A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of irritans. COMMENT: Also called the horn fly. Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Stephanofilaria stilesi leisen 2012-01-30T08:31:52Z NCBITaxon:7368 Conops irritans Linnaeus Haematobia cornicola Williston Haematobia serrata Robineau-Desvoidy Haematobia tibialis Robineau-Desvoidy Lyperosia irritans Bezzi Lyperosia meridionalis Bezzi Lyperosia rufifrons Bezzi Lyperosia weissi Bezzi Priophora serrata Robineau-Desvoidy Siphona irritans Hennig Stomoxys irritans Patton Stomoxys pungens Fabricius Stomoxys serrata Meigen Stomoxys tibialis Meigen VSMO:0002295 Haematobia irritans A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of irritans. COMMENT: Also called the horn fly. Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Stephanofilaria stilesi ISBN: 9783437301469 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 ITIS:2012 A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of thirouxi. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Stephanofilaria assamensis leisen 2012-01-30T08:33:18Z Haematobia hirudo Malloch Haphospatha hirudo Enderlein Haphospatha minuta Enderlein Lyperosia thirouxi Roubaud VSMO:0002296 Haematobia thirouxi A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of thirouxi. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Stephanofilaria assamensis ISBN: 9783437301469 ISBN:9780851989693 A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of conducens. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Stephanofilaria assamensis leisen 2012-01-30T08:37:31Z NCBITaxon:520045 VSMO:0002297 Musca conducens A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of conducens. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Stephanofilaria assamensis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of lusoria. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Parafilaria bovicola leisen 2012-01-30T08:40:29Z VSMO:0002298 Musca lusoria A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of lusoria. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Parafilaria bovicola ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of nevelli. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Parafilaria bovicola leisen 2012-01-30T08:41:16Z VSMO:0002299 Musca nevelli A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of nevelli. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Parafilaria bovicola ISBN:9780851989693 A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of xanthomelas. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Parafilaria bovicola leisen 2012-01-30T08:41:34Z NCBITaxon:1072503 VSMO:0002300 Musca xanthomelas A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of xanthomelas. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Parafilaria bovicola ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of autumnalis. COMMENT: Also called the face fly or the autumn house fly. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Vector of: Parafilaria bovicola leisen 2012-01-30T08:42:05Z NCBITaxon:221902 VSMO:0002301 Musca autumnalis A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of autumnalis. COMMENT: Also called the face fly or the autumn house fly. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Vector of: Parafilaria bovicola ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of atripalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vector of: Parafilaria multipapillosa leisen 2012-01-30T08:46:09Z Haematobia perturbans Seguy Haematobosca atripalpis Bezzi Haematobosca atripalpis Peris Siphona atripalpis Bezzi Siphona perturbans Bezzi VSMO:0002302 Haematobia atripalpis A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of atripalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vector of: Parafilaria multipapillosa ISBN: 9783437301469 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780851989693 A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of domestica. COMMENT: Also called the house fly or the common house fly. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Drachsia megastoma Habronema muscae leisen 2012-01-30T08:52:28Z NCBITaxon:7370 Musca contigua Walker Musca harpyia Harris Musca vicina Macquart VSMO:0002303 Musca domestica A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of domestica. COMMENT: Also called the house fly or the common house fly. Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Drachsia megastoma Habronema muscae ISBN:9780851989693 ITIS:2012 A muscid fly of Genus Stomoxys with the species designation of calcitrans. COMMENT: Also called the stable fly. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Vector of: Habronema microstoma leisen 2012-01-30T08:54:56Z NCBITaxon:35570 Conops calcitrans Linnaeus Musca occidentis Walker Musca pungens De Geer Stomoxis minuta Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis praecox Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis rubrifrons Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis vulnerans Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis aculeata Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis aurifacies Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis chrysocephala Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis claripennis Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis cunctans Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis dira Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis flavescens Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis infesta Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis inimica Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis libatrix Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis pungens Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxis sugillatrix Robineau-Desvoidy Stomoxys bouffardi Picard Stomoxys calcitrans var. soudanense Roubaud Stomoxys cybira Walker Stomoxys dacnusa Speiser Stomoxys geniculata Macquart Stomoxys geniculatus Bigot Stomoxys griseiceps Becker Stomoxys hovas Brauer Stomoxys korogwensis Grunberg Stomoxys nebulosa Fabricius Stomoxys parasita Fabricius Stomoxys plurinotata Bigot Stomoxys tessellata Fabricius VSMO:0002304 Stomoxys calcitrans A muscid fly of Genus Stomoxys with the species designation of calcitrans. COMMENT: Also called the stable fly. Occurs in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Vector of: Habronema microstoma ISBN: 9783437301469 ISBN:9780851989693 ITIS:2012 A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of exigua. COMMENT: Also called the buffalo fly. Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vector of: Drachsia megastoma Habronema muscae leisen 2012-01-30T08:57:01Z Haematobia australis Malloch Haematobia irritans exigua De Meijere Lyperosia exigua Brunetti Lyperosia flavohirta Brunetti Siphona exigua Hennig VSMO:0002305 Haematobia exigua A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of exigua. COMMENT: Also called the buffalo fly. Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vector of: Drachsia megastoma Habronema muscae ISBN: 9783437301469 ISBN:9780851989693 A fly of Genus Sarcophaga with the species designation of melanura. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Suspected vector of: Drachsia megastoma Habronema muscae leisen 2012-01-30T08:58:08Z NCBITaxon:236879 VSMO:0002306 Sarcophaga melanura A fly of Genus Sarcophaga with the species designation of melanura. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Suspected vector of: Drachsia megastoma Habronema muscae ISBN:9780851989693 Sarcophagidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called flesh flies. leisen 2012-01-30T08:59:14Z NCBITaxon:7381 VSMO:0002307 Sarcophagidae Sarcophagidae is a Family in Order Diptera. COMMENT: Also called flesh flies. VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of bantorum. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi leisen 2012-01-30T09:12:14Z Xenopsylla cheopis bantorum Jordan VSMO:0002308 Xenopsylla bantorum A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of bantorum. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rickettsia typhi ISBN:9780123725004 VSMO:Authors A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of vansomerenae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania donovani leisen 2012-01-30T09:24:48Z VSMO:0002309 Phlebotomus vansomerenae A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of vansomerenae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania donovani ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of columbiana. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Bartonella bacilliformis Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania mexicana leisen 2012-01-30T09:27:15Z NCBITaxon:186734 Phlebotomus monticolus var. incarum Ristorcelli & Van Ty VSMO:0002310 Lutzomyia columbiana A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of columbiana. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Bartonella bacilliformis Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania mexicana ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of lichyi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Suspected vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-01-30T09:30:17Z VSMO:0002311 Lutzomyia lichyi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of lichyi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Suspected vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:9780123725004 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of nuneztovari. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Lutzomyia nuneztovari anglesi. Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania amazonensis Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania lainsoni leisen 2012-01-30T09:33:03Z Lutzomyia nuneztovari anglesi Le Pont & Desjeux VSMO:0002312 Lutzomyia nuneztovari A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of nuneztovari. COMMENT: Includes the subspecies Lutzomyia nuneztovari anglesi. Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania amazonensis Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania lainsoni ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of reducta. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania amazonensis leisen 2012-01-30T09:34:30Z VSMO:0002313 Lutzomyia reducta A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of reducta. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania amazonensis ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of townsendi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-01-30T09:36:04Z NCBITaxon:237254 VSMO:0002314 Lutzomyia townsendi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of townsendi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of cruzi. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania chagasi Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-01-30T09:38:27Z NCBITaxon:190969 VSMO:0002315 Lutzomyia cruzi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of cruzi. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania chagasi Leishmania infantum ISBN:9780123725004 ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of antunesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania chagasi leisen 2012-01-30T09:39:08Z Phlebotomus balourouensis Floch & Abonnenc Phlebotomus machicouensis Floch & Abonnenc VSMO:0002316 Lutzomyia antunesi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of antunesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Leishmania chagasi ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of bolitinos. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: bluetongue virus equine encephalosis virus Suspected vector of: African horse sickness virus leisen 2012-01-30T09:43:57Z NCBITaxon:88588 VSMO:0002317 Culicoides bolitinos A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of bolitinos. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: bluetongue virus equine encephalosis virus Suspected vector of: African horse sickness virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of gulbenkiani. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T09:49:48Z VSMO:0002318 Culicoides gulbenkiani A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of gulbenkiani. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of milnei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Mansonella perstans Suspected vector of: Akabane virus bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T09:50:55Z Culicoides lugens Kieffer VSMO:0002319 Culicoides milnei A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of milnei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Mansonella perstans Suspected vector of: Akabane virus bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Leptoconops with the species designation of becquaerti. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi leisen 2012-01-30T09:56:11Z Holoconops becquaerti Kieffer Leptoconops hondurensis Hoffman, VSMO:0002320 Leptoconops becquaerti A biting midge of Genus Leptoconops with the species designation of becquaerti. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of victoriae. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis leisen 2012-01-30T09:59:03Z Culicoides magnimaculatus Lee and Reye VSMO:0002321 Culicoides victoriae A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of victoriae. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of lahillei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Mansonella ozzardi leisen 2012-01-30T10:03:11Z VSMO:0002322 Culicoides lahillei A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of lahillei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of sanguineum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi leisen 2012-01-30T10:05:45Z VSMO:0002323 Simulium sanguineum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of sanguineum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of peregrinus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:11:04Z NCBITaxon:469759 Culicoides assamensis Smith and Swaminath Culicoides esmoneti Salm Culicoides judicandus Bezzi Culicoides philippinensis Kieffer Culicoides quadratus Tokunaga VSMO:0002325 Culicoides peregrinus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of peregrinus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of magnus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: equine encephalosis virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:12:15Z VSMO:0002326 Culicoides magnus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of magnus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: equine encephalosis virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of zuluensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: equine encephalosis virus Palyam virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:12:28Z Culicoides acastus de Meillon VSMO:0002327 Culicoides zuluensis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of zuluensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: equine encephalosis virus Palyam virus ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of pycnostictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:13:07Z Culicoides alexis de Meillon Culicoides hysipyles de Meillon Culicoides meeserellus de Meillon VSMO:0002328 Culicoides pycnostictus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of pycnostictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of scotius. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:14:11Z VSMO:0002329 Culicoides scotius A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of scotius. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of pulicaris. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: African horse sickness virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:15:05Z NCBITaxon:177093 Culicoides cinerellus Kieffer Culicoides flaviplumus Kieffer Culicoides pullatus Kieffer Culicoides quinquepunctatus Goetghebuer Culicoides sawamotoi Kono & Takahashi Culicoides setosinervis Kieffer Culicoides stephensi Carter VSMO:0002330 Culicoides pulicaris A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of pulicaris. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: African horse sickness virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of debilipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:16:25Z Culicoides ichesi Ronderos and Spinelli Culicoides khalafi Beck VSMO:0002331 Culicoides debilipalpis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of debilipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of stellifer. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:17:50Z VSMO:0002332 Culicoides stellifer A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of stellifer. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of filariferus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:18:30Z NCBITaxon:174627 VSMO:0002333 Culicoides filariferus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of filariferus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of pusillus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:19:24Z VSMO:0002334 Culicoides pusillus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of pusillus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of edeni. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis leisen 2012-01-30T10:21:56Z VSMO:0002335 Culicoides edeni A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of edeni. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of hinmani. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis leisen 2012-01-30T10:22:30Z VSMO:0002336 Culicoides hinmani A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of hinmani. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of arboricola. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis leisen 2012-01-30T10:22:48Z VSMO:0002337 Culicoides arboricola A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of arboricola. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of knowltoni. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis leisen 2012-01-30T10:23:10Z VSMO:0002338 Culicoides knowltoni A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of knowltoni. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of haematopotus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis leisen 2012-01-30T10:23:43Z VSMO:0002339 Culicoides haematopotus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of haematopotus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Haemoproteus meleagridis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A blackfly of Genus Austrosimulium with the species designation of pestilens. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Suspected vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis leisen 2012-01-30T10:27:48Z NCBITaxon:27464 VSMO:0002340 Austrosimulium pestilens A blackfly of Genus Austrosimulium with the species designation of pestilens. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Suspected vector of: Onchocerca cervicalis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of guttifer. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leucocytozoon caulleryi leisen 2012-01-30T10:29:37Z VSMO:0002341 Culicoides guttifer A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of guttifer. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leucocytozoon caulleryi ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of circumscriptus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leucocytozoon caulleryi Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-01-30T10:30:02Z NCBITaxon:88398 Culicoides albonotatus Vimmer Culicoides albosignatus Vimmer Culicoides algarum Kieffer Culicoides edwardsi Goetghebuer Culicoides kirovabadicus Dzhafarov Culicoides matsuensis Lien, Weng and Lin Culicoides meridionalis Xue, Liu and Yu Culicoides nadayanus Kieffer Culicoides polymaculatus Vimmer Culicoides pulcher Zilahi-Sebess Culicoides salicola Kieffer Culicoides salicola var. pictidorsum Kieffer VSMO:0002342 Culicoides circumscriptus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of circumscriptus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Leucocytozoon caulleryi Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of anatinum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-01-30T10:34:10Z NCBITaxon:626789 VSMO:0002343 Simulium anatinum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of anatinum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of rendalense. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-01-30T10:36:59Z Eusimulium rendalense VSMO:0002345 Simulium rendalense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of rendalense. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of rugglesi. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-01-30T10:37:21Z NCBITaxon:357424 VSMO:0002346 Simulium rugglesi A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of rugglesi. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of usovae. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-01-30T10:37:46Z VSMO:0002347 Simulium usovae A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of usovae. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of venustum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-01-30T10:38:18Z NCBITaxon:7194 VSMO:0002348 Simulium venustum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of venustum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Cnephia with the species designation of ornithophilia. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi leisen 2012-01-30T10:38:58Z NCBITaxon:61026 VSMO:0002349 Cnephia ornithophilia A blackfly of Genus Cnephia with the species designation of ornithophilia. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon simondi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of aureum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi leisen 2012-01-30T10:39:58Z NCBITaxon:630741 Simulium flavipes Stephens VSMO:0002350 Simulium aureum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of aureum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of congareenarum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi leisen 2012-01-30T10:40:34Z NCBITaxon:61065 Simulium congarenarum VSMO:0002351 Simulium congareenarum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of congareenarum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of jenningsi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi Onchocerca lienalis leisen 2012-01-30T10:41:20Z NCBITaxon:357422 Simulium nigroparvum Twinn VSMO:0002352 Simulium jenningsi A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of jenningsi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi Onchocerca lienalis ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of meridionale. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi leisen 2012-01-30T10:42:28Z NCBITaxon:37340 Simulium forbesi Malloch Simulium occidentale Townsend Simulium tamaulipense Townsend VSMO:0002353 Simulium meridionale A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of meridionale. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of slossonae. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi leisen 2012-01-30T10:42:54Z NCBITaxon:357420 VSMO:0002354 Simulium slossonae A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of slossonae. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of argentiscutum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi leisen 2012-01-30T10:45:07Z VSMO:0002356 Simulium argentiscutum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of argentiscutum. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mansonella ozzardi ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of erythrocephalum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa Onchocerca lienalis leisen 2012-01-30T10:47:22Z Simulium chelevini Ivashchenko Simulium erythrocephala Simulium mihalyii Rubtsov Simulium sericatum Meigen Simulium sinense Enderlein Simulium tenuifrons Enderlein VSMO:0002357 Simulium erythrocephalum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of erythrocephalum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa Onchocerca lienalis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of bidentatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa leisen 2012-01-30T10:49:31Z NCBITaxon:210198 VSMO:0002358 Simulium bidentatum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of bidentatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of arakawae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca lienalis leisen 2012-01-30T10:51:17Z NCBITaxon:210197 VSMO:0002359 Simulium arakawae A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of arakawae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca lienalis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of reptans. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca lienalis leisen 2012-01-30T10:52:39Z NCBITaxon:61066 Simulium agnatum Baranov, Simulium argyropeza Meigen Simulium calopum Baranov Simulium cinctum Meigen Simulium elegans Meigen Simulium glumovoense Baranov Simulium heidenreichi Enderlein Simulium heringi Enderlein Simulium humerale Zetterstedt Simulium knechteli Dinulescu Simulium latimanus Enderlein Simulium nigrum Linnaeus Simulium ornatoides Baranov Simulium pictum Meigen Simulium pseudocolumbaczense Baranov Simulium pukovacense Baranov, Simulium reptantoides Carlsson Simulium sanguinarium Pallas Simulium sericeum Linnaeus Simulium tumanicum Baranov Simulium vardaricum Baranov Simulium varipes Meigen VSMO:0002360 Simulium reptans A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of reptans. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca lienalis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of daisense. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca lienalis leisen 2012-01-30T10:53:28Z Simulium diasense VSMO:0002361 Simulium daisense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of daisense. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca lienalis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of kyushuense. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca lienalis leisen 2012-01-30T10:54:08Z VSMO:0002362 Simulium kyushuense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of kyushuense. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Onchocerca lienalis ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of thyolense. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus leisen 2012-01-30T10:57:34Z NCBITaxon:174146 VSMO:0002363 Simulium thyolense A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of thyolense. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca volvulus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf Menoponidae is a Family in Order Phthiraptera. leisen 2012-01-30T11:02:07Z NCBITaxon:50630 VSMO:0002364 Menoponidae Menoponidae is a Family in Order Phthiraptera. VSMO:Authors A louse of Genus Trinoton with the species designation of anserinum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and North America. Vector of: Sarconema eurycerca leisen 2012-01-30T11:05:44Z Pediculus anserinum VSMO:0002365 Trinoton anserinum A louse of Genus Trinoton with the species designation of anserinum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and North America. Vector of: Sarconema eurycerca ISBN:9780123725004 A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of vetustissima. COMMENT: Also called the bush fly. Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Drachsia megastoma Habronema muscae leisen 2012-01-30T11:25:46Z NCBITaxon:27455 VSMO:0002366 Musca vetustissima A muscid fly of Genus Musca with the species designation of vetustissima. COMMENT: Also called the bush fly. Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Drachsia megastoma Habronema muscae ISBN:9780123725004 A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of ochroptera. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Sindbis virus leisen 2012-01-30T02:24:58Z MIRO:40002395 NCBITaxon:866105 Theobaldia ochroptera Peus VSMO:0002367 Culiseta ochroptera A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of ochroptera. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Sindbis virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of metallicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: yellow fever virus. leisen 2012-01-30T02:29:12Z MIRO:40000593 Quasistegomyia dubia Theobald Stegomyia metallicus VSMO:0002368 Aedes metallicus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of metallicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: yellow fever virus. ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:16913829 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of pseudovishnui. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-30T02:35:42Z MIRO:40002652 NCBITaxon:100677 Culex neovishnui Lien VSMO:0002369 Culex pseudovishnui A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of pseudovishnui. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of fuscocephala. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-01-30T02:36:28Z MIRO:40002565 NCBITaxon:345740 Culex fuscitarsis Barraud Culex inelegans Dyar Culex luteola Theobald Culex minimus Leicester Culex taytayensis Banks Culex uniformis Leicester VSMO:0002370 Culex fuscocephala A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of fuscocephala. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus West Nile virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 PMID:19067628 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of communis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus Tahyna virus leisen 2012-01-30T02:43:35Z MIRO:40001011 NCBITaxon:329099 Aedes altiusculus Dyar Aedes obscurus Meigen Culex borealis Ludlow Culex communis De Geer Culex fasciatus Meigen Culex lazarensis Felt and Young Culex nemorosus Meigen Culex sylvaticus Meigen Culicada nemorosa f. diplolineata Schneider Ochlerotatus communis Ochlerotatus palmeni Edwards Aedes prolixus Dyar VSMO:0002371 Aedes communis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of communis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus Tahyna virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of intrudens. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-01-30T02:45:00Z MIRO:40001061 NCBITaxon:228921 Ochlerotatus intrudens VSMO:0002372 Aedes intrudens A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of intrudens. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of abserratus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus snowshoe hare virus leisen 2012-01-30T02:45:59Z MIRO:40000962 NCBITaxon:329100 Aedes centrotus Howard, Dyar, and Knab Aedes dysanor Dyar Culex abserratus Felt and Young Ochlerotatus abserratus VSMO:0002373 Aedes abserratus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of abserratus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus snowshoe hare virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of provocans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus snowshoe hare virus leisen 2012-01-30T02:46:37Z MIRO:40001108 NCBITaxon:743693 Aedes pagetonotum Dyar and Knab Aedes poliochros Dyar Culex cinereoborealis Felt and Young Culex provocans Walker Ochlerotatus provocans VSMO:0002374 Aedes provocans A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of provocans. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus snowshoe hare virus ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:1402014139 ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of annulata. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Tahyna virus leisen 2012-01-30T02:48:21Z MIRO:40002403 NCBITaxon:332058 Culex affinis Stephens Culex annulata Schrank Culex annulatus Fabricius Culex annulatus Fourcroy Culex nicaensis Leach Theobaldia annulata var. ferruginata Martini VSMO:0002375 Culiseta annulata A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of annulata. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Tahyna virus ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of allopha. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-01-30T02:55:40Z VSMO:0002376 Anopheles allopha A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of allopha. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of christyi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-01-30T03:03:37Z MIRO:40002246 NCBITaxon:43041 Neocellia christyi Newstead and Carter VSMO:0002377 Anopheles christyi A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of christyi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) ISBN:9780123725004 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a louse vector. leisen 2012-01-30T03:56:55Z VSMO:0002380 parasitic round worm louse borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a parasitic round worm pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a louse vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. leisen 2012-01-30T04:29:40Z VSMO:0002381 viral blackfly borne pathogen of domestic animal A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible domestic animal and being transmitted by a blackfly vector. VSMO:Authors A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. 2012-01-31T12:41:18Z VSMO:0002382 viral soft tick borne pathogen of human A role borne by a viral pathogen in virtue of causing disease in a susceptible human and being transmitted by a soft tick vector. VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of conformis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-31T03:19:19Z VSMO:0002383 Xenopsylla conformis A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of conformis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of gerbilli. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-31T03:20:32Z VSMO:0002385 Xenopsylla gerbilli A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of gerbilli. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of hirtipes. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-31T03:21:08Z VSMO:0002386 Xenopsylla hirtipes A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of hirtipes. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of nuttalli. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-31T03:21:29Z VSMO:0002387 Xenopsylla nuttalli A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of nuttalli. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of skrjabini. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-31T03:22:43Z VSMO:0002390 Xenopsylla skrjabini A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of skrjabini. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Rhadinopsylla with the species designation of cedestis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-31T03:29:04Z VSMO:0002397 Rhadinopsylla cedestis A flea of Genus Rhadinopsylla with the species designation of cedestis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Rhadinopsylla with the species designation of ventricosa. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-31T03:30:37Z VSMO:0002399 Rhadinopsylla ventricosa A flea of Genus Rhadinopsylla with the species designation of ventricosa. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Polygenis with the species designation of litargus. COMMENTS: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-01-31T03:33:50Z VSMO:0002402 Polygenis litargus A flea of Genus Polygenis with the species designation of litargus. COMMENTS: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Dinopsyllus with the species designation of ellobius. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:13:14Z NCBITaxon:507043 VSMO:0002404 Dinopsyllus ellobius A flea of Genus Dinopsyllus with the species designation of ellobius. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of bacopus. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:15:05Z VSMO:0002405 Ctenophthalmus bacopus A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of bacopus. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of cabirus. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:15:29Z VSMO:0002406 Ctenophthalmus cabirus A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of cabirus. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Dinopsyllus with the species designation of lypusus. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:15:52Z VSMO:0002407 Dinopsyllus lypusus A flea of Genus Dinopsyllus with the species designation of lypusus. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of phyris. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:16:40Z VSMO:0002408 Ctenophthalmus phyris A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of phyris. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Synosternus with the species designation of cleopatrae. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:17:11Z Loemopsylla cleopatrae VSMO:0002409 Synosternus cleopatrae A flea of Genus Synosternus with the species designation of cleopatrae. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of ramesis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:17:50Z Xenopsylla ramensis VSMO:0002410 Xenopsylla ramesis A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of ramesis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of nubica. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:18:08Z Alaopsylla chersinus Rothschild VSMO:0002411 Xenopsylla nubica A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of nubica. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of taractes. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:18:36Z Alaopsylla lybica Wagner VSMO:0002412 Xenopsylla taractes A flea of Genus Xenopsylla with the species designation of taractes. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Nosopsyllus with the species designation of henleyi. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:19:02Z VSMO:0002413 Nosopsyllus henleyi A flea of Genus Nosopsyllus with the species designation of henleyi. COMMENTS: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Stenoponia with the species designation of tripectinata. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:19:53Z NCBITaxon:506924 VSMO:0002414 Stenoponia tripectinata A flea of Genus Stenoponia with the species designation of tripectinata. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of caspius. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:20:33Z VSMO:0002415 Ceratophyllus caspius A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of caspius. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of laeviceps. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:21:20Z VSMO:0002416 Ceratophyllus laeviceps A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of laeviceps. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of lebedwi. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:21:35Z VSMO:0002417 Ceratophyllus lebedwi A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of lebedwi. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of tesquorum. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:21:52Z VSMO:0002418 Ceratophyllus tesquorum A flea of Genus Ceratophyllus with the species designation of tesquorum. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of teres. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:22:23Z VSMO:0002419 Ctenophthalmus teres A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of teres. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of wladimiri. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:22:47Z VSMO:0002420 Ctenophthalmus wladimiri A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of wladimiri. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Frontopsylla with the species designation of luculenta. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:23:06Z VSMO:0002421 Frontopsylla luculenta A flea of Genus Frontopsylla with the species designation of luculenta. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Neopsylla with the species designation of setosa. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:23:37Z VSMO:0002422 Neopsylla setosa A flea of Genus Neopsylla with the species designation of setosa. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of silantiewi. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:24:14Z Ceratophyllus crassus Jordan and Rothschild Ceratophyllus silantiewi Wagner Oropsylla silantiewi weisskei Wagner Paraceras segregatus Wagner VSMO:0002423 Oropsylla silantiewi A flea of Genus Oropsylla with the species designation of silantiewi. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ VSMO:Authors A flea of Genus Amphipsylla with the species designation of primaries. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:26:38Z VSMO:0002424 Amphipsylla primaries A flea of Genus Amphipsylla with the species designation of primaries. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Callopsylla with the species designation of dolabris. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:27:04Z VSMO:0002425 Callopsylla dolabris A flea of Genus Callopsylla with the species designation of dolabris. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Citellophilus with the species designation of tesquorum. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:27:26Z NCBITaxon:506900 VSMO:0002426 Citellophilus tesquorum A flea of Genus Citellophilus with the species designation of tesquorum. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Citellophilus with the species designation of sungaris. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:27:50Z VSMO:0002427 Citellophilus sungaris A flea of Genus Citellophilus with the species designation of sungaris. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of quadratus. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:28:06Z VSMO:0002428 Ctenophthalmus quadratus A flea of Genus Ctenophthalmus with the species designation of quadratus. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Neopsylla with the species designation of pleskei. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:30:05Z NCBITaxon:129380 VSMO:0002429 Neopsylla pleskei A flea of Genus Neopsylla with the species designation of pleskei. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Neopsylla with the species designation of specialis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:30:27Z NCBITaxon:129382 VSMO:0002430 Neopsylla specialis A flea of Genus Neopsylla with the species designation of specialis. COMMENTS: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Nosopsyllus with the species designation of laeviceps. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:30:58Z NCBITaxon:507077 VSMO:0002431 Nosopsyllus laeviceps A flea of Genus Nosopsyllus with the species designation of laeviceps. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A flea of Genus Rhadinopsylla with the species designation of li. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis leisen 2012-02-01T08:31:41Z VSMO:0002432 Rhadinopsylla li A flea of Genus Rhadinopsylla with the species designation of li. COMMENTS: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Yersinia pestis URI:http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of africolumbae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum Borrelia anserina 2012-02-02T08:49:12Z VSMO:0002433 Argas africolumbae A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of africolumbae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Aegyptianella pullorum Borrelia anserina PMID:14570115 VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of albipictus. COMMENT: Also called the winter tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi leisen 2012-02-02T09:29:39Z NCBITaxon:60249 VSMO:0002434 Dermacentor albipictus A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of albipictus. COMMENT: Also called the winter tick. Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis Babesia caballi ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of hunteri. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis leisen 2012-02-02T09:30:52Z NCBITaxon:60251 VSMO:0002435 Dermacentor hunteri A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of hunteri. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Anaplasma marginale Anaplasma ovis PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of pomposum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium leisen 2012-02-02T11:37:19Z Amblyomma variegatum var. nocens Robinson, 1911 VSMO:0002437 Amblyomma pomposum A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of pomposum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of marmoreum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium leisen 2012-02-02T11:37:49Z VSMO:0002438 Amblyomma marmoreum A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of marmoreum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of astrion. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium leisen 2012-02-02T11:38:13Z VSMO:0002439 Amblyomma astrion A hard tick of Genus Amblyomma with the species designation of astrion. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Ehrlichia ruminantium PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of tasmani. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Rickettsia australis 2012-02-02T03:51:39Z NCBITaxon:59654 VSMO:0002440 Ixodes tasmani A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of tasmani. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Rickettsia australis PMID:14570115 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of cornuatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Rickettsia australis leisen 2012-02-02T03:53:30Z NCBITaxon:179425 VSMO:0002441 Ixodes cornuatus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of cornuatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Rickettsia australis PMID:14570115 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of annulipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Ross River virus Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-02T04:02:35Z MIRO:40002222 NCBITaxon:376584 Anopheles derricki Taylor Anopheles mastersi Skuse Anopheles musivus Skuse Anopheles perplexus Taylor, F.H. Anopheles perplexus var. persimilis Taylor, F.H. VSMO:0002442 Anopheles annulipes A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of annulipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Ross River virus Sindbis virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of savignyi COMMENT: Also called the sand tampan. Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Borrelia crocidurae Quaranfil virus Suspected vector of: Alkhurma virus 2012-02-06T10:18:18Z NCBITaxon:69826 Argas savignyi Audouin VSMO:0002443 Ornithodoros savignyi A soft tick of Genus Ornithodoros with the species designation of savignyi COMMENT: Also called the sand tampan. Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Borrelia crocidurae Quaranfil virus Suspected vector of: Alkhurma virus PMID:14570115 URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of alternans. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and Asia. Vector of: Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus (Kunjin virus serotype) leisen 2012-02-06T10:34:30Z MIRO:40000943 NCBITaxon:569587 Culex kermorganti Laveran Culex alternans Westwood Culex commovens Walker Culex hispidosus Skuse VSMO:0002444 Aedes alternans A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of alternans. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and Asia. Vector of: Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus (Kunjin virus serotype) PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of bancroftianus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Gan Gan virus Ross River virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:38:08Z MIRO:40001211 VSMO:0002445 Aedes bancroftianus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of bancroftianus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Gan Gan virus Ross River virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Kokobera virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Australia. leisen 2012-02-06T10:42:58Z NCBITaxon:44024 VSMO:0002446 Kokobera virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Kokobera virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of clelandi. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Ross River virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:44:59Z MIRO:40001008 Culicada clelandi Taylor Ochlerotatus clelandi VSMO:0002447 Aedes clelandi A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of clelandi. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Ross River virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of eidsvoldensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Gan Gan virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:46:23Z MIRO:40001027 Ochlerotatus eidsvoldensis Aedes theobaldi form. eidsvoldensis Mackerras VSMO:0002448 Aedes eidsvoldensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of eidsvoldensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Gan Gan virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Sindbis virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of flavifrons. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Ross River virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:48:41Z MIRO:40001037 Culex flavifrons Skuse Culicada vandema Strickland Culicada vandema var. variegatans Strickland Ochlerotatus flavifrons VSMO:0002449 Aedes flavifrons A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of flavifrons. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Ross River virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of procax. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Ross River virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:53:24Z MIRO:40001107 NCBITaxon:1197336 Culex procax Skuse Ochlerotatus procax VSMO:0002451 Aedes procax A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of procax. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Ross River virus West Nile virus PMID:18973445 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of pseudonormanensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:54:43Z MIRO:40001109 Ochlerotatus pseudonormanensis VSMO:0002452 Aedes pseudonormanensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of pseudonormanensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of ratcliffei. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Ross River virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:56:15Z MIRO:40001118 Ochlerotatus ratcliffei VSMO:0002453 Aedes ratcliffei A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of ratcliffei. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus Ross River virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of sagax. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:57:08Z MIRO:40001124 Culex sagax Skuse Culicada wilsoni Taylor Ochlerotatus sagax VSMO:0002454 Aedes sagax A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of sagax. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of theobaldi. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Gan Gan virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-06T10:58:15Z MIRO:40001155 NCBITaxon:1197337 Ochlerotatus theobaldi Grabhamia theobaldi Taylor VSMO:0002455 Aedes theobaldi A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of theobaldi. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Gan Gan virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tremulus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus (Kunjin virus serotype) leisen 2012-02-06T10:59:37Z MIRO:40000937 Aedimorphus australis Taylor Aedimorphus australis var. darwini Taylor Danielsa alboannulata Taylor Danielsa minuta Taylor Macleaya tremulus Theobald Mimeteomyia doddi Taylor VSMO:0002456 Aedes tremulus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of tremulus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus (Kunjin virus serotype) PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of vittiger. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-06T11:03:45Z MIRO:40001168 Culex vittiger Skuse VSMO:0002457 Aedes vittiger A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of vittiger. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Sindbis virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of xanthogaster. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-06T11:09:57Z MIRO:40002358 NCBITaxon:569586 Taeniorhynchus xanthogaster Edwards VSMO:0002458 Coquillettidia xanthogaster A mosquito of Genus Coquillettidia with the species designation of xanthogaster. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Sindbis virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of pullus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-06T11:13:44Z MIRO:40002458 Culex muticus Edwards VSMO:0002459 Culex pullus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of pullus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Sindbis virus PMID:9673928 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of australicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus (Kunjin virus serotype) leisen 2012-02-06T11:16:36Z MIRO:40002515 NCBITaxon:260110 Culex pipiens ssp. australicus Dobrotworsky and Drummond VSMO:0002460 Culex australicus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of australicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus Ross River virus Sindbis virus West Nile virus (Kunjin virus serotype) PMID:9673928 An unassigned virus in the Family Bunyaviridae. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Gan Gan virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Australia. leisen 2012-02-06T11:20:56Z VSMO:0002461 Gan Gan virus An unassigned virus in the Family Bunyaviridae. COMMENT: Transmitted by mosquitoes. Causes disease (Gan Gan virus disease) in humans. Occurs in Australia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of titillans. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Stephanofilaria assamensis Stephanofilaria stilesi leisen 2012-02-06T12:15:09Z NCBITaxon:498629 Haematobia thirouxi titillans Bezzi Haphospatha bovina Enderlein Haphospatha equina Enderlein Haphospatha latirostris Enderlein Haphospatha scolopax Peus Haphospatha titillans Enderlein Lyperosia irritans Rondani Lyperosia tibialis Roubaud Lyperosia titillans Bezzi Siphona titillans Bezzi VSMO:0002462 Haematobia titillans A muscid fly of Genus Haematobia with the species designation of titillans. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Stephanofilaria assamensis Stephanofilaria stilesi ISBN: 9783437301469 ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9781405119641 VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of columbiae. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus leisen 2012-02-06T12:53:29Z MIRO:40001307 NCBITaxon:869070 Janthinosoma columbiae Dyar and Knab Janthinosoma floridense Dyar and Knab Janthinosoma texanum Dyar and Knab Janthinosoma toltecum Dyar and Knab VSMO:0002463 Psorophora columbiae A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of columbiae. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of crucians. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Suspected vector of: Tensaw virus leisen 2012-02-06T12:55:31Z MIRO:40000072 NCBITaxon:869064 VSMO:0002464 Anopheles crucians A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of crucians. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Dirofilaria immitis Suspected vector of: Tensaw virus ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of baimaii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-02-06T01:44:44Z NCBITaxon:48725 VSMO:0002465 Anopheles baimaii A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of baimaii. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of latens. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-02-06T01:45:30Z NCBITaxon:409347 VSMO:0002466 Anopheles latens A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of latens. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti PMID:19941975 PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of harveyi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-02-06T01:52:02Z MIRO:40000749 NCBITaxon:498396 Finlaya harveyi Barraud VSMO:0002467 Aedes harveyi A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of harveyi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of annandalei. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-02-06T01:52:43Z MIRO:40000528 Aedes horishensis Yamada. Stegomyia annandalei VSMO:0002468 Aedes annandalei A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of annandalei. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of desmotes. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-02-06T01:53:15Z MIRO:40000549 Aedes gracilis Leicester Anisocheleomyia albitarsis Ludlow Stegomyia albipes Theobald Stegomyia desmotes Stegomyia montana Koidzumi VSMO:0002469 Aedes desmotes A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of desmotes. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of wellcomei. COMMENT: Occurs in the Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-02-06T02:08:36Z MIRO:40003626 Anopheles milesi de Meillon and Evans VSMO:0002470 Anopheles wellcomei A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of wellcomei. COMMENT: Occurs in the Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) Wuchereria bancrofti PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of hancocki. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti leisen 2012-02-06T02:09:25Z MIRO:40003489 VSMO:0002471 Anopheles hancocki A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of hancocki. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Wuchereria bancrofti ISBN:0340807377 PMID:19941975 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of vorax. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa leisen 2012-02-06T03:32:31Z NCBITaxon:103623 Simulium lepidum De Meillon Simulium limbatum Enderlein Simulium tangae Smart VSMO:0002472 Simulium vorax A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of vorax. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of kingi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa leisen 2012-02-06T03:37:49Z Culicoides nilotes Kieffer VSMO:0002473 Culicoides kingi A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of kingi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Onchocerca gutturosa URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of pictipes. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi Onchocerca cervicalis leisen 2012-02-06T03:52:47Z NCBITaxon:630748 Simulium longistylatum Shewell VSMO:0002474 Simulium pictipes A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of pictipes. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Leucocytozoon smithi Onchocerca cervicalis ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf VSMO:Authors A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of kawamurai. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi 2012-02-06T04:43:21Z VSMO:0002475 Leptotrombidium kawamurai A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of kawamurai. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi VSMO:Authors A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of tosa. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi 2012-02-07T07:50:17Z VSMO:0002476 Leptotrombidium tosa A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of tosa. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 PMID:4212400 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of palpale. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi leisen 2012-02-07T07:53:06Z NCBITaxon:436350 VSMO:0002477 Leptotrombidium palpale A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of palpale. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi ISBN:0851994733 PMID:4212400 A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of orientale. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi leisen 2012-02-07T07:54:19Z VSMO:0002479 Leptotrombidium orientale A mite of Genus Leptotrombidium with the species designation of orientale. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi PMID:4212400 VSMO:Authors A mite of Genus Neotrombicula with the species designation of pomeranzevi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi leisen 2012-02-07T08:03:24Z VSMO:0002480 Neotrombicula pomeranzevi A mite of Genus Neotrombicula with the species designation of pomeranzevi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: Orientia tsutsugamushi PMID:4212400 An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of conradae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine babesiosis) in dogs. Occurs in North America. leisen 2012-02-07T01:02:39Z NCBITaxon:323731 VSMO:0002481 Babesia conradae An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of conradae. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (canine babesiosis) in dogs. Occurs in North America. VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of venatorum. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in humans. Occurs in Europe. leisen 2012-02-07T01:09:15Z VSMO:0002482 Babesia venatorum An apicomplexan of Genus Babesia with the species designation of venatorum. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (babesiosis) in humans. Occurs in Europe. VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of elliptica. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Babesia canis leisen 2012-02-07T02:02:38Z NCBITaxon:762647 VSMO:0002483 Haemaphysalis elliptica A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of elliptica. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Babesia canis PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of mageshimaensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Theileria buffeli leisen 2012-02-07T02:20:33Z Haemaphysalis bamunensis Phan VSMO:0002486 Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of mageshimaensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Theileria buffeli PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of duttoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Theileria parva leisen 2012-02-07T02:28:45Z VSMO:0002487 Rhipicephalus duttoni A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of duttoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Theileria parva ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of lusitanicum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Theileria annulata Theileria equi leisen 2012-02-07T02:34:39Z NCBITaxon:49205 VSMO:0002488 Hyalomma lusitanicum A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of lusitanicum. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: Theileria annulata Theileria equi PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of bancrofti. COMMENT: Also called the wallaby tick. Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Theileria buffeli leisen 2012-02-07T03:08:53Z VSMO:0002489 Haemaphysalis bancrofti A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of bancrofti. COMMENT: Also called the wallaby tick. Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Theileria buffeli PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of humerosa. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Theileria buffeli leisen 2012-02-07T03:15:08Z NCBITaxon:65643 VSMO:0002490 Haemaphysalis humerosa A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of humerosa. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Vector of: Theileria buffeli PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of campestris. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium gallinaceum leisen 2012-02-07T03:50:48Z MIRO:40000994 Ochlerotatus campestris VSMO:0002491 Aedes campestris A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of campestris. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium gallinaceum URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of rubida. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T11:39:35Z NCBITaxon:162364 Conorhinus rubidus Uhler Conorhinus rubrofasciatus Champion Conorhinus rubrofasciatus var.mexicana Patton & Cragg Conorhinus uhleri Patton & Cragg, Eutriatoma mexicana Pinto Eutriatoma uhleri Pinto Triatoma maxima Van Duzee Triatoma mexicana Neiva (not Triatoma mexicana Herrich-Schaeffer) Triatoma ocellata Neiva Triatoma rubida cochimiensis Ryckman Triatoma rubida jaegeri Ryckman Triatoma rubida sonoriana Usinger Triatoma sonoriana Del Ponte, Triatoma uhleri Neiva Triatoma rubida uhleri Usinger VSMO:0002493 Triatoma rubida A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of rubida. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of geniculatus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T11:42:34Z NCBITaxon:156442 Conorhinus corticalis Walker Conorhinus geniculatus Walker Conorhinus lutulentus Erichson Lamus geniculatus Stal Panstrongylus parageniculatus Ortiz Reduvius geniculatus Latreille Triatoma fluminensis Neiva & Pinto Triatoma geniculata Chagas Triatoma tenuis Neiva VSMO:0002495 Panstrongylus geniculatus A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of geniculatus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of howardi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T11:54:59Z Triatoma howardi Neiva VSMO:0002496 Panstrongylus howardi A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of howardi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of brethesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:05:00Z NCBITaxon:72487 Rhodnius prolixus Neiva & Pinto (not Rhodnius prolixus Stal) VSMO:0002497 Rhodnius brethesi A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of brethesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of robustus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:05:23Z NCBITaxon:72490 VSMO:0002498 Rhodnius robustus A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of robustus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of dispar. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:07:39Z Conorrhinus venosus Champion Triatoma venosa Usinger VSMO:0002500 Triatoma dispar A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of dispar. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of colombiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:08:36Z NCBITaxon:162360 Rhodnius pallescens "Tolima form" Schofield & Dujardin Rhodnius prolixus "sylvatic form" López & Moreno VSMO:0002501 Rhodnius colombiensis A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of colombiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of pictipes. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:09:18Z NCBITaxon:69253 Conorhinus limosus Walker (part) Rhodnius amazonicus Almeida, Santos & Sposina VSMO:0002502 Rhodnius pictipes A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of pictipes. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of stali. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:11:32Z NCBITaxon:98666 VSMO:0002503 Rhodnius stali A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of stali. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of humeralis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Suspected vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:14:44Z Mestor humeralis Usinger VSMO:0002504 Panstrongylus humeralis A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of humeralis. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Suspected vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of lutzi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:18:57Z NCBITaxon:162365 Triatoma lutzi Neiva & Pinto VSMO:0002505 Panstrongylus lutzi A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of lutzi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of neglectus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:23:35Z NCBITaxon:72488 Rhodnius prolixus Lent & Martins (not Rhodnius prolixus Stal) VSMO:0002506 Rhodnius neglectus A reduviid bug of Genus Rhodnius with the species designation of neglectus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of recurva. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:33:40Z NCBITaxon:347696 Conorhinus recurvus Stal Triatoma longipes Barber Triatoma longipes nigricollis Usinger Triatoma recurva nigricollis VSMO:0002507 Triatoma recurva A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of recurva. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of longipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:40:26Z NCBITaxon:98663 Triatoma phyllosoma intermedia Usinger Triatoma phyllosoma longipennis Usinger Triatoma phyllosoma usingeri Mazzotti (part) VSMO:0002508 Triatoma longipennis A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of longipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of mazzottii. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:41:09Z NCBITaxon:98665 Meccus phyllosoma Champion Triatoma phyllosoma mazzottii Usinger VSMO:0002509 Triatoma mazzottii A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of mazzottii. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of mexicana. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:41:51Z NCBITaxon:340914 Conorhinus mexicanus Herrich-Schaeffer Meccus mexicanus Stal VSMO:0002510 Triatoma mexicana A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of mexicana. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of gerstaeckeri. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:42:08Z NCBITaxon:393546 Conorhinus gerstaeckeri Stal VSMO:0002511 Triatoma gerstaeckeri A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of gerstaeckeri. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of picturata. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:43:48Z NCBITaxon:98664 Triatoma phyllosoma picturata Usinger VSMO:0002512 Triatoma picturata A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of picturata. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of rubrovaria. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:51:43Z NCBITaxon:65348 Eutriatoma gomesi Pinto Conorhinus phyllosoma Herrich-Schaeffer (not Conorhinus phyllosoma Burmeister) Conorhinus rubro-varius Blanchard Conorhinus rubroniger Stal Eutriatoma rubrovaria Pinto Triatoma bruchi Mazza & Jorg Triatoma gomesi Neiva & Pinto VSMO:0002514 Triatoma rubrovaria A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of rubrovaria. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of rubrofasciata. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:53:23Z NCBITaxon:162384 Cimex claviger Gmelin Cimex erythrozonias Gmelin Cimex gigas Gmelin Cimex rubro-fasciatus DeGeer Cimex variegatus Drury Conorhinus gigas Laporte Conorhinus limbatus Schoudeten Conorhinus rubrofasciatus Amyot & Serville Conorhinus stalii Signoret Conorhinus variegatus Stal (part) Nabis gigas Latreille Reduvius giganti Klug Reduvius gigas Fabricius Reduvius variegatus Westwood Triatoma evandroi Figueiredo Triatoma gigas Laporte Triatoma rubrofasciata Breddin Triatoma rubrofasciata Neiva Triatoma rubrofasciata Neiva & Lent Triatoma rubrofasciata Usinger Triatoma rufofasciata Van Duzee Triatoma variegata Neiva VSMO:0002515 Triatoma rubrofasciata A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of rubrofasciata. COMMENT: Occurs worldwide. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of protracta. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-08T12:56:02Z NCBITaxon:72493 Conorhinus productus Johnson & Ledig Conorhinus protractus Uhler Triatoma protracta nahuatlae Ryckman Triatoma protracta navajoensis Ryckman Triatoma protracta protracta Ryckman Triatoma protracta woodi Usinger Triatoma protracta zacatecensis Ryckman VSMO:0002516 Triatoma protracta A reduviid bug of Genus Triatoma with the species designation of protracta. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi Ryckman_RE:1984 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ URI:http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1282 VSMO:Authors An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of uilenbergi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2012-02-08T01:09:35Z NCBITaxon:507731 VSMO:0002517 Theileria uilenbergi An apicomplexan of Genus Theileria with the species designation of uilenbergi. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease (theileriosis) in sheep and goats. Occurs in Asia. VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of qinghaiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Theileria uilenbergi leisen 2012-02-08T01:11:30Z NCBITaxon:297592 VSMO:0002518 Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of qinghaiensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Theileria uilenbergi PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of marajoara. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T02:19:09Z MIRO:40000163 NCBITaxon:58244 Anopheles domesticus Galvao and Damasceno VSMO:0002519 Anopheles marajoara A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of marajoara. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of vestitipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T03:53:12Z MIRO:40003467 NCBITaxon:869065 VSMO:0002520 Anopheles vestitipennis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of vestitipennis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of neomaculipalpus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T03:55:44Z MIRO:40000143 VSMO:0002521 Anopheles neomaculipalpus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of neomaculipalpus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of strodei. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T03:57:35Z MIRO:40000174 NCBITaxon:53711 Anopheles strodei var. artigasi Unti Anopheles strodei var. lloydi Unti Anopheles strodei var. ramosi Unti VSMO:0002522 Anopheles strodei A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of strodei. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of oswaldoi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T03:58:56Z MIRO:40000166 NCBITaxon:43181 Anopheles tarsimaculatus var. aquacaelestis Curry Cellia oswaldoi Peryassu VSMO:0002523 Anopheles oswaldoi A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of oswaldoi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of intermedius. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:00:23Z MIRO:40000113 NCBITaxon:58251 Cycloleppteron intermedius Peryassu VSMO:0002524 Anopheles intermedius A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of intermedius. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:20712879 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of carnevalei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:07:04Z MIRO:40002243 NCBITaxon:185577 VSMO:0002525 Anopheles carnevalei A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of carnevalei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of ovengensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:08:05Z MIRO:40003767 VSMO:0002526 Anopheles ovengensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of ovengensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21129198 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pullus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:15:25Z MIRO:40003437 NCBITaxon:251639 VSMO:0002527 Anopheles pullus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pullus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of kleini. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:17:00Z NCBITaxon:296717 VSMO:0002528 Anopheles kleini A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of kleini. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of scanloni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:21:38Z NCBITaxon:114091 VSMO:0002529 Anopheles scanloni A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of scanloni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of mangyanus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:24:06Z MIRO:40003529 NCBITaxon:59156 Myzomyia febrifera Banks Myzomyia mangyanus Banks VSMO:0002530 Anopheles mangyanus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of mangyanus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of dravidicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:27:45Z MIRO:40002268 NCBITaxon:138536 VSMO:0002531 Anopheles dravidicus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of dravidicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pseudowillmori. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:28:27Z MIRO:40003568 NCBITaxon:138531 Nyssorhynchus pseudowillmori Theobald VSMO:0002532 Anopheles pseudowillmori A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of pseudowillmori. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of willmori. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:29:35Z MIRO:40003628 NCBITaxon:142888 Neocellia dudgeonii Theobald Neocellia indica Theobald Neocellia willmori var. maculosa James and Liston Nyssorhynchus willmori James VSMO:0002533 Anopheles willmori A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of willmori. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sawadwongporni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:30:58Z MIRO:40003589 NCBITaxon:142886 VSMO:0002534 Anopheles sawadwongporni A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of sawadwongporni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of harrisoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:32:36Z NCBITaxon:486634 VSMO:0002535 Anopheles harrisoni A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of harrisoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of yaeyamaensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:33:15Z VSMO:0002536 Anopheles yaeyamaensis A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of yaeyamaensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of rampae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:34:51Z NCBITaxon:383384 VSMO:0002537 Anopheles rampae A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of rampae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of hinesorum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:36:41Z MIRO:40003748 NCBITaxon:59189 VSMO:0002538 Anopheles hinesorum A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of hinesorum. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of epiroticus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) leisen 2012-02-08T04:40:51Z NCBITaxon:199890 VSMO:0002539 Anopheles epiroticus A mosquito of Genus Anopheles with the species designation of epiroticus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Plasmodium (human malaria parasites) PMID:21612587 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of balcanicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-02-09T08:09:29Z VSMO:0002540 Phlebotomus balcanicus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of balcanicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of bergeroti. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania major leisen 2012-02-09T08:11:50Z NCBITaxon:59273 Phlebotomus viduus Parrot VSMO:0002541 Phlebotomus bergeroti A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of bergeroti. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania major ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of saevus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania tropica leisen 2012-02-09T08:24:46Z NCBITaxon:132723 VSMO:0002543 Phlebotomus saevus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of saevus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania tropica ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of arabicus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania tropica leisen 2012-02-09T08:26:30Z NCBITaxon:578135 VSMO:0002544 Phlebotomus arabicus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of arabicus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania tropica ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of syriacus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-02-09T08:27:36Z NCBITaxon:94476 VSMO:0002545 Phlebotomus syriacus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of syriacus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of grovei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania tropica leisen 2012-02-09T08:33:58Z VSMO:0002546 Phlebotomus grovei A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of grovei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Leishmania tropica ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of galilaeus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-02-09T08:38:10Z VSMO:0002547 Phlebotomus galilaeus A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of galilaeus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Middle East. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of neivai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-02-09T08:41:32Z NCBITaxon:330878 VSMO:0002548 Lutzomyia neivai A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of neivai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of shawi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania guyanensis leisen 2012-02-09T08:44:56Z VSMO:0002549 Lutzomyia shawi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of shawi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania guyanensis ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of edwardsi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-02-09T08:51:07Z VSMO:0002551 Lutzomyia edwardsi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of edwardsi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of almerioi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-02-09T08:52:24Z VSMO:0002552 Lutzomyia almerioi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of almerioi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of salesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-02-09T08:53:53Z VSMO:0002553 Lutzomyia salesi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of salesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of pia. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-02-09T08:57:36Z NCBITaxon:186737 VSMO:0002554 Lutzomyia pia A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of pia. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of yuilli. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania panamensis leisen 2012-02-09T08:59:06Z NCBITaxon:252626 Luzomyia fraihai Martins, Falcdo & Silva VSMO:0002555 Lutzomyia yuilli A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of yuilli. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania panamensis ISBN:9789241209496 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of cruciata. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania mexicana Leishmania panamensis leisen 2012-02-09T09:06:03Z VSMO:0002556 Lutzomyia cruciata A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of cruciata. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania mexicana Leishmania panamensis ISBN:9789241209496 Sharma:2008 URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of sanguinaria. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania panamensis leisen 2012-02-09T09:08:42Z NCBITaxon:715921 VSMO:0002557 Lutzomyia sanguinaria A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of sanguinaria. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania panamensis ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of tejadai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-02-09T09:10:30Z NCBITaxon:253233 VSMO:0002558 Lutzomyia tejadai A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of tejadai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of pescei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis leisen 2012-02-09T09:10:50Z NCBITaxon:252624 VSMO:0002559 Lutzomyia pescei A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of pescei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Leishmania braziliensis ISBN:9789241209496 A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of pseudolongipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania infantum leisen 2012-02-09T09:12:04Z NCBITaxon:195534 VSMO:0002560 Lutzomyia pseudolongipalpis A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Lutzomyia with the species designation of pseudolongipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Central America and South America. Vector of: Leishmania infantum ISBN:9789241209496 Lutzomyia is a Genus in Family Psychodidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:29:57Z NCBITaxon:7199 VSMO:0002561 Lutzomyia Lutzomyia is a Genus in Family Psychodidae. VSMO:Authors Phlebotomus is a Genus in Family Psychodidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:31:22Z NCBITaxon:13203 VSMO:0002562 Phlebotomus Phlebotomus is a Genus in Family Psychodidae. VSMO:Authors Austrosimulium is a Genus in Family Simuliidae. 2012-02-09T10:34:25Z NCBITaxon:27462 VSMO:0002563 Austrosimulium Austrosimulium is a Genus in Family Simuliidae. VSMO:Authors Cnephia is a Genus in Family Simuliidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:35:30Z NCBITaxon:13438 VSMO:0002564 Cnephia Cnephia is a Genus in Family Simuliidae. VSMO:Authors Simulium is a Genus in Family Simuliidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:35:41Z NCBITaxon:7191 VSMO:0002565 Simulium Simulium is a Genus in Family Simuliidae. VSMO:Authors Chrysops is a Genus in Family Tabanidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:36:44Z NCBITaxon:27458 VSMO:0002566 Chrysops Chrysops is a Genus in Family Tabanidae. VSMO:Authors Tabanus is a Genus in Family Tabanidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:37:20Z NCBITaxon:7206 VSMO:0002567 Tabanus Tabanus is a Genus in Family Tabanidae. VSMO:Authors Musca is a Genus in Family Muscidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:38:36Z NCBITaxon:7369 VSMO:0002568 Musca Musca is a Genus in Family Muscidae. VSMO:Authors Haematobia is a Genus in Family Muscidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:39:00Z NCBITaxon:7367 VSMO:0002569 Haematobia Haematobia is a Genus in Family Muscidae. VSMO:Authors Stomoxys is a Genus in Family Muscidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:39:13Z NCBITaxon:35569 VSMO:0002570 Stomoxys Stomoxys is a Genus in Family Muscidae. VSMO:Authors Sarcophaga is a Genus in Family Sarcophagidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:40:29Z NCBITaxon:7384 VSMO:0002571 Sarcophaga Sarcophaga is a Genus in Family Sarcophagidae. VSMO:Authors Glossina is a Genus in Family Glossinidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:41:24Z NCBITaxon:7393 VSMO:0002572 Glossina Glossina is a Genus in Family Glossinidae. VSMO:Authors Culicoides is a Genus in Family Ceratopogonidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:42:11Z NCBITaxon:41820 VSMO:0002573 Culicoides Culicoides is a Genus in Family Ceratopogonidae. VSMO:Authors Forcipomyia is a Genus in Family Ceratopogonidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:42:21Z NCBITaxon:209700 VSMO:0002574 Forcipomyia Forcipomyia is a Genus in Family Ceratopogonidae. VSMO:Authors Leptoconops is a Genus in Family Ceratopogonidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:42:59Z NCBITaxon:209698 VSMO:0002575 Leptoconops Leptoconops is a Genus in Family Ceratopogonidae. VSMO:Authors Panstrongylus is a Genus in Family Reduviidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:44:21Z NCBITaxon:65342 VSMO:0002576 Panstrongylus Panstrongylus is a Genus in Family Reduviidae. VSMO:Authors Rhodnius is a Genus in Family Reduviidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:44:56Z NCBITaxon:13248 VSMO:0002577 Rhodnius Rhodnius is a Genus in Family Reduviidae. VSMO:Authors Triatoma is a Genus in Family Reduviidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:45:03Z NCBITaxon:30075 VSMO:0002578 Triatoma Triatoma is a Genus in Family Reduviidae. VSMO:Authors Trinoton is a Genus in Family Menoponidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:46:44Z NCBITaxon:179176 VSMO:0002579 Trinoton Trinoton is a Genus in Family Menoponidae. VSMO:Authors Pediculus is a Genus in Family Pediculidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:47:18Z NCBITaxon:121222 VSMO:0002580 Pediculus Pediculus is a Genus in Family Pediculidae. VSMO:Authors Aetheca is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:49:10Z NCBITaxon:173772 VSMO:0002581 Aetheca Aetheca is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Amphipsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:49:39Z NCBITaxon:184247 VSMO:0002582 Amphipsylla Amphipsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Callopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:49:47Z VSMO:0002583 Callopsylla Callopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Ceratophyllus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:50:00Z NCBITaxon:185847 VSMO:0002584 Ceratophyllus Ceratophyllus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Citellophilus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:50:14Z NCBITaxon:184251 VSMO:0002585 Citellophilus Citellophilus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Ctenophthalmus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:50:22Z NCBITaxon:185849 VSMO:0002586 Ctenophthalmus Ctenophthalmus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Ctenocephalides is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:50:29Z NCBITaxon:7514 VSMO:0002587 Ctenocephalides Ctenocephalides is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Hoplopsyllus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:270845 VSMO:0002588 Hoplopsyllus Hoplopsyllus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Epitedia is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:173792 VSMO:0002589 Epitedia Epitedia is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Eumolpianus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:507050 VSMO:0002590 Eumolpianus Eumolpianus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Dinopsyllus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:507042 VSMO:0002591 Dinopsyllus Dinopsyllus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Echidnophaga is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:475928 VSMO:0002592 Echidnophaga Echidnophaga is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Leptopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:360616 VSMO:0002593 Leptopsylla Leptopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Frontopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:140716 VSMO:0002594 Frontopsylla Frontopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Hystrichopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:27418 VSMO:0002595 Hystrichopsylla Hystrichopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Malaraeus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:173801 VSMO:0002596 Malaraeus Malaraeus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Megabothris is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:173804 VSMO:0002597 Megabothris Megabothris is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Neopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:53:34Z NCBITaxon:129375 VSMO:0002598 Neopsylla Neopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Nosopsyllus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:59:04Z NCBITaxon:507074 VSMO:0002599 Nosopsyllus Nosopsyllus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Oropsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:59:04Z NCBITaxon:483033 VSMO:0002600 Oropsylla Oropsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Opisodasys is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:59:04Z NCBITaxon:507083 VSMO:0002601 Opisodasys Opisodasys is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Pleochaetis is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:59:04Z VSMO:0002602 Pleochaetis Pleochaetis is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Orchopeus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:59:04Z VSMO:0002603 Orchopeus Orchopeus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Polygenis is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T10:59:04Z NCBITaxon:140711 VSMO:0002604 Polygenis Polygenis is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Xenopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:02:56Z NCBITaxon:163158 VSMO:0002605 Xenopsylla Xenopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Rhadinopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:03:49Z NCBITaxon:173821 VSMO:0002606 Rhadinopsylla Rhadinopsylla is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Pulex is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:03:49Z NCBITaxon:154008 VSMO:0002607 Pulex Pulex is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Thrassis is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:03:49Z NCBITaxon:173837 VSMO:0002608 Thrassis Thrassis is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Synosternus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:03:49Z NCBITaxon:1075195 VSMO:0002609 Synosternus Synosternus is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Stenoponia is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:03:49Z NCBITaxon:185861 VSMO:0002610 Stenoponia Stenoponia is a Genus in Family Pulicidae. VSMO:Authors Leptotrombidium is a genus in Family Trombiculidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:06:33Z NCBITaxon:279271 VSMO:0002611 Leptotrombidium Leptotrombidium is a genus in Family Trombiculidae. VSMO:Authors Neotrombicula is a genus in Family Trombiculidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:06:33Z VSMO:0002612 Neotrombicula Neotrombicula is a genus in Family Trombiculidae. VSMO:Authors Liponyssoides is a Genus in Family Dermanyssidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:07:54Z VSMO:0002613 Liponyssoides Liponyssoides is a Genus in Family Dermanyssidae. VSMO:Authors Argas is a Genus in Family Argasidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:09:02Z NCBITaxon:34601 VSMO:0002614 Argas Argas is a Genus in Family Argasidae. VSMO:Authors Carios is a Genus in Family Argasidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:09:02Z NCBITaxon:48823 VSMO:0002615 Carios Carios is a Genus in Family Argasidae. VSMO:Authors Ornithodoros is a Genus in Family Argasidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:09:02Z NCBITaxon:6937 VSMO:0002616 Ornithodoros Ornithodoros is a Genus in Family Argasidae. VSMO:Authors Amblyomma is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:10:58Z NCBITaxon:6942 VSMO:0002618 Amblyomma Amblyomma is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. VSMO:Authors Dermacentor is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:10:58Z NCBITaxon:34619 VSMO:0002619 Dermacentor Dermacentor is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. VSMO:Authors Ixodes is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:10:58Z NCBITaxon:6944 VSMO:0002620 Ixodes Ixodes is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. VSMO:Authors Haemaphysalis is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:12:21Z NCBITaxon:34622 VSMO:0002621 Haemaphysalis Haemaphysalis is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. VSMO:Authors Hyalomma is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. leisen 2012-02-09T11:12:54Z NCBITaxon:34625 VSMO:0002622 Hyalomma Hyalomma is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. VSMO:Authors Rhipicephalus is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. COMMENT: Includes the subgenus Boophilus. leisen 2012-02-09T11:13:07Z NCBITaxon:34630 VSMO:0002623 Rhipicephalus Rhipicephalus is a Genus in Family Ixodidae. COMMENT: Includes the subgenus Boophilus. VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of erraticus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-02-09T12:38:33Z MIRO:40003050 NCBITaxon:42427 Culex borinqueni Root Culex egberti Dyar and Knab Culex homoepas Dyar and Ludlow Culex leprincei Dyar and Knab Culex moorei Dyar Culex peribleptus Dyar and Knab Culex pose Dyar and Knab Culex tovari Evans Culex trachycampa Dyar and Knab Mochlostyrax erraticus Dyar and Knab Culex degustator Dyar VSMO:0002624 Culex erraticus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of erraticus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of calceatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-02-09T12:43:39Z MIRO:40000536 Stegomyia calceatus VSMO:0002625 Aedes calceatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of calceatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus Rift Valley fever virus PMID:14195513 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of palpalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-02-09T12:44:59Z MIRO:40000489 VSMO:0002626 Aedes palpalis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of palpalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of zombaensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus leisen 2012-02-09T12:49:37Z MIRO:40002722 VSMO:0002627 Culex zombaensis A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of zombaensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Europe. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of juppi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus leisen 2012-02-09T12:52:12Z MIRO:40001063 Ochlerotatus juppi VSMO:0002628 Aedes juppi A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of juppi. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Wesselsbron virus ISBN:0851994733 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of perexiguus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-02-09T12:57:03Z MIRO:40002634 VSMO:0002629 Culex perexiguus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of perexiguus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of fowleri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-02-09T01:01:43Z MIRO:40000303 Culex fowleri Charmoy Grabhamia nigeriensis Theobald VSMO:0002630 Aedes fowleri A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of fowleri. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of andrejevi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: Leishmania major leisen 2012-02-09T01:21:29Z NCBITaxon:132719 Phlebotomus mofidii Theodor & Mesghali VSMO:0002632 Phlebotomus andrejevi A phlebotomine sandfly of Genus Phlebotomus with the species designation of andrejevi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: Leishmania major URI:http://www.sandflycatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of poicilipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-02-09T01:42:04Z MIRO:40002643 Aporoculex punctipes Theobald Culex auritaenia Enderlein Culex par Newstead Culex quasigelidus Theobald Culex taeniorhynchoides Giles Pseudo-Heptaphlebomyia madagascariensis Ventrillon Taeniorhynchus tenax var. maculipes Theobald . VSMO:0002633 Culex poicilipes A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of poicilipes. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of unidentatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-09T01:47:16Z MIRO:40000493 VSMO:0002634 Aedes unidentatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of unidentatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Sindbis virus VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of dentatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Sindbis virus leisen 2012-02-09T01:48:05Z MIRO:40000294 Culex dentatus Theobald Culex pallidopunctata Theobald VSMO:0002635 Aedes dentatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of dentatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus Sindbis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of argenteopunctatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus leisen 2012-02-09T01:48:52Z MIRO:40000277 Stegomyia argenteopunctatus Theobald Aedimorphus quinquepunctata Theobald VSMO:0002636 Aedes argenteopunctatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of argenteopunctatus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Rift Valley fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of notatum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: vesicular stomatitis virus leisen 2012-02-09T02:21:10Z VSMO:0002637 Simulium notatum A blackfly of Genus Simulium with the species designation of notatum. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: vesicular stomatitis virus URI:http://blackflies.info/sites/blackflies.info/files/u13/SIMULIIDAE_INVENTORY__NEW_VERSION_2009.pdf URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of epactius. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-02-09T02:45:55Z MIRO:40001028 NCBITaxon:173086 Aedes nielseni O'Meara and Craig Aedes perichares Dyar VSMO:0002638 Aedes epactius A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of epactius. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Central America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cataphylla. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-02-09T02:50:53Z MIRO:40001004 NCBITaxon:120871 Aedes pacificensis Hearle Aedes prodotes Dyar Ochlerotatus cataphylla VSMO:0002639 Aedes cataphylla A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of cataphylla. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of clivis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-02-09T02:52:28Z MIRO:40001009 Ochlerotatus clivis VSMO:0002640 Aedes clivis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of clivis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of hexodontus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-02-09T02:54:15Z MIRO:40001047 NCBITaxon:767797 Aedes cyclocerculux Dyar Aedes labradorensis Dyar and Shannon Aedes leuconotips Dyar Aedes masamae Dyar Ochlerotatus hexodontus VSMO:0002641 Aedes hexodontus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of hexodontus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of increpitus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-02-09T02:55:02Z MIRO:40001057 Aedes hewitti Hearle Aedes mutatus Dyar Grabhamia vittata Theobald Ochlerotatus increpitus VSMO:0002642 Aedes increpitus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of increpitus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America, Europe and Asia. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of washinoi. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-02-09T02:56:33Z MIRO:40001167 Ochlerotatus washinoi VSMO:0002643 Aedes washinoi A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of washinoi. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Jamestown Canyon virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of squamiger. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus leisen 2012-02-09T03:00:09Z MIRO:40001142 NCBITaxon:767024 Culex squamiger Coquillett Grabhamia deniedmannii Ludlow Ochlerotatus squamiger VSMO:0002644 Aedes squamiger A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of squamiger. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: California encephalitis virus Jamestown Canyon virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of vomerifer. COMMENT: Occurs in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Vector of: Madrid virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-10T08:54:55Z MIRO:40003145 NCBITaxon:284567 VSMO:0002645 Culex vomerifer A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of vomerifer. COMMENT: Occurs in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Vector of: Madrid virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of marksi. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus leisen 2012-02-10T09:19:44Z VSMO:0002646 Culicoides marksi A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of marksi. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia. Suspected vector of: bovine ephemeral fever virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of leucostictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: equine encephalosis virus leisen 2012-02-10T09:34:02Z Culicoides distinctipennis var. egypti Macfie Culicoides pharao Kieffer Culicoides praetermissus Carter, Ingram & Macfie VSMO:0002647 Culicoides leucostictus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of leucostictus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: bluetongue virus Suspected vector of: equine encephalosis virus URI:http://www.culicoides.net/ URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of nigromaculis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus Suspected vector of: Cache Valley virus leisen 2012-02-10T10:07:15Z MIRO:40001090 Grabhamia grisea Ludlow Grabhamia nigromaculis Ludlow VSMO:0002648 Aedes nigromaculis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of nigromaculis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Japanese encephalitis virus Suspected vector of: Cache Valley virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of rubinotus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Banzi virus Bunyamwera virus (Germiston virus) leisen 2012-02-10T10:12:24Z MIRO:40002841 VSMO:0002649 Culex rubinotus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of rubinotus. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Vector of: Banzi virus Bunyamwera virus (Germiston virus) URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp Limatus is a Genus in Family Culicidae. leisen 2012-02-10T10:39:55Z NCBITaxon:704164 VSMO:0002650 Limatus Limatus is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Limatus with the species designation of flavisetosus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Suspected vector of: wyeomyia virus leisen 2012-02-10T10:40:18Z MIRO:40001247 VSMO:0002651 Limatus flavisetosus A mosquito of Genus Limatus with the species designation of flavisetosus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Suspected vector of: wyeomyia virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of toroensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-02-10T10:48:00Z VSMO:0002652 Culicoides toroensis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of toroensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of gemellus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-02-10T10:51:09Z VSMO:0002653 Culicoides gemellus A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of gemellus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of nudipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-02-10T10:53:39Z VSMO:0002654 Culicoides nudipalpis A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of nudipalpis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of gutsevichi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus leisen 2012-02-10T10:54:13Z Culicoides bisulcatus Gutsevich, Culicoides orientalis Gutsevich, VSMO:0002655 Culicoides gutsevichi A biting midge of Genus Culicoides with the species designation of gutsevichi. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Suspected vector of: bluetongue virus PMID:10761580 URI:http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf An unassigned virus in the family Arenaviridae. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (Quaranfil virusdisease) in humans. Occurs in Africa. leisen 2012-02-10T11:33:26Z NCBITaxon:688436 VSMO:0002656 Quaranfil virus An unassigned virus in the family Arenaviridae. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Causes disease (Quaranfil virusdisease) in humans. Occurs in Africa. ISBN:9780123737328 VSMO:Authors A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of hermanni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Quaranfil virus leisen 2012-02-10T11:39:22Z NCBITaxon:44320 VSMO:0002657 Argas hermanni A soft tick of Genus Argas with the species designation of hermanni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Quaranfil virus PMID:14570115 URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors Thogotovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Togaviridae. leisen 2012-02-10T11:42:25Z NCBITaxon:35323 VSMO:0002658 Thogotovirus Thogotovirus is a Genus in the virus Family of Togaviridae. ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Thogotovirus with the designation of Thogoto virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa, Europe, and Asia. leisen 2012-02-10T11:43:15Z NCBITaxon:11569 VSMO:0002659 Thogoto virus A virus of Genus Thogotovirus with the designation of Thogoto virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by hard ticks. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Africa, Europe, and Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of rossicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus leisen 2012-02-10T11:58:45Z NCBITaxon:127008 VSMO:0002660 Rhipicephalus rossicus A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of rossicus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of impeltatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus leisen 2012-02-10T12:02:17Z NCBITaxon:563069 VSMO:0002661 Hyalomma impeltatum A hard tick of Genus Hyalomma with the species designation of impeltatum. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa and Asia. Vector of: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of minuta. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-02-10T12:36:02Z VSMO:0002662 Haemaphysalis minuta A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of minuta. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of papuana. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-02-10T12:36:19Z VSMO:0002663 Haemaphysalis papuana A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of papuana. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of petauristae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-02-10T12:50:59Z VSMO:0002664 Ixodes petauristae A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of petauristae. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of kyasanurensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-02-10T01:04:39Z VSMO:0002665 Haemaphysalis kyasanurensis A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of kyasanurensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of wellingtoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-02-10T01:04:59Z VSMO:0002666 Haemaphysalis wellingtoni A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of wellingtoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of ceylonensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-02-10T01:07:06Z VSMO:0002667 Ixodes ceylonensis A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of ceylonensis. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of auratus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-02-10T01:08:44Z VSMO:0002668 Dermacentor auratus A hard tick of Genus Dermacentor with the species designation of auratus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of haemaphysaloides. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus leisen 2012-02-10T01:10:27Z NCBITaxon:237073 VSMO:0002669 Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides A hard tick of Genus Rhipicephalus with the species designation of haemaphysaloides. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia. Vector of: Kyasanur Forest disease virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14570115 PMID:16710839 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of apronophorus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus leisen 2012-02-10T01:24:47Z VSMO:0002670 Ixodes apronophorus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of apronophorus. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Europe. Vector of: Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of hexagonus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: tick-borne encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-10T01:45:06Z NCBITaxon:34612 VSMO:0002672 Ixodes hexagonus A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of hexagonus. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe. Vector of: tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of trianguliceps. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: tick-borne encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-10T01:48:37Z NCBITaxon:347913 VSMO:0002673 Ixodes trianguliceps A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of trianguliceps. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of inermis. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: tick-borne encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-10T02:08:01Z NCBITaxon:48827 VSMO:0002674 Haemaphysalis inermis A hard tick of Genus Haemaphysalis with the species designation of inermis. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe and Asia. Vector of: tick-borne encephalitis virus PMID:14570115 PMID:7393142 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html VSMO:Authors A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of arboricola. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vector of: tick-borne encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-10T02:23:49Z NCBITaxon:985061 VSMO:0002675 Ixodes arboricola A hard tick of Genus Ixodes with the species designation of arboricola. COMMENT: Occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vector of: tick-borne encephalitis virus ISBN:1555812384: PMID:14570115 URI:http://www.kolonin.org/1.html A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Langat virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft and hard ticks. Causes disease in humans on rare occasions. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2012-02-10T02:26:05Z NCBITaxon:11085 VSMO:0002676 Langat virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Langat virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft and hard ticks. Causes disease in humans on rare occasions. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:0851994733 ISBN:9780123737328 A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Royal Farm virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Includes the serotype Karshi virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Asia. leisen 2012-02-10T02:33:48Z NCBITaxon:64288 VSMO:0002677 Royal Farm virus A virus of Genus Flavivirus with the designation of Royal Farm virus. COMMENT: Transmitted by soft ticks. Includes the serotype Karshi virus. Causes disease in humans. Occurs in Asia. ISBN:9780123737328 A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of hensilli. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Suspected vector of: Zika virus leisen 2012-02-13T08:07:07Z MIRO:40000569 NCBITaxon:373851 Stegomyia hensilli VSMO:0002678 Aedes hensilli A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of hensilli. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Suspected vector of: Zika virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of neavei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Banzi virus Sindbis virus Usutu virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-02-13T08:22:11Z MIRO:40002621 VSMO:0002679 Culex neavei A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of neavei. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: Banzi virus Sindbis virus Usutu virus West Nile virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of gnomatos. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mucambo virus (subtype IIIC virus) Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T08:55:36Z MIRO:40003740 NCBITaxon:284516 VSMO:0002682 Culex gnomatos A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of gnomatos. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Mucambo virus (subtype IIIC virus) Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus PMID:14651460 PMID:16646325 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of pedroi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Mucambo virus (subtype IIIC virus) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T08:57:22Z MIRO:40003104 NCBITaxon:284558 VSMO:0002683 Culex pedroi A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of pedroi. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Mucambo virus (subtype IIIC virus) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus PMID:14651460 PMID:16646325 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of albigenu. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Mucambo virus (subtype IIIC virus) leisen 2012-02-13T09:57:16Z MIRO:40001321 Aedes bruchi Petrocchi Janthinosoma albigenu Peryassu Janthinosoma paraguayensis Strickland VSMO:0002685 Psorophora albigenu A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of albigenu. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Mucambo virus (subtype IIIC virus) PMID:16646325 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of cedecei. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Everglades virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T10:10:57Z MIRO:40003020 NCBITaxon:1085688 VSMO:0002686 Culex cedecei A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of cedecei. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: Everglades virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of septempunctata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Ross River virus leisen 2012-02-13T10:40:44Z MIRO:40001277 Mansonia bonnewepsterae Van Den Assem VSMO:0002687 Mansonia septempunctata A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of septempunctata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Ross River virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors Verrallina is a Genus in Family Culicidae. leisen 2012-02-13T10:42:16Z NCBITaxon:317805 VSMO:0002688 Verrallina Verrallina is a Genus in Family Culicidae. URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Verrallina with the species designation of lineata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Ross River virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-02-13T10:43:43Z MIRO:40001755 NCBITaxon:569591 Lepidotomyia lineatus Taylor Skusea funerea var. ornata Theobald VSMO:0002689 Verrallina lineata A mosquito of Genus Verrallina with the species designation of lineata. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Ross River virus West Nile virus PMID:18973445 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Verrallina with the species designation of carmenti. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Ross River virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-02-13T10:44:31Z MIRO:40001745 Aedes carmenti Edwards Aedes ceramensis Brug VSMO:0002690 Verrallina carmenti A mosquito of Genus Verrallina with the species designation of carmenti. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Ross River virus West Nile virus PMID:18973445 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Verrallina with the species designation of funerea. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Japanese encephalitis virus Ross River virus West Nile virus leisen 2012-02-13T11:05:00Z MIRO:40001751 Aedes funereus Pseudoskusea basalis Taylor Skusea funereus Theobald VSMO:0002691 Verrallina funerea A mosquito of Genus Verrallina with the species designation of funerea. COMMENT: Occurs in Asia and Australia. Vector of: Barmah Forest virus chikungunya virus Japanese encephalitis virus Ross River virus West Nile virus PMID:18973445 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of fulgens. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus leisen 2012-02-13T11:08:48Z MIRO:40001230 VSMO:0002692 Aedes fulgens A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of fulgens. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: chikungunya virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of serratus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Ilheus virus leisen 2012-02-13T12:00:37Z MIRO:40001132 Aedes meridionalis Dyar and Knab Culex mathisi Neveu-Lemaire Culex serratus Theobald Ochlerotatus serratus VSMO:0002693 Aedes serratus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of serratus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus Ilheus virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of incidens. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T12:27:26Z MIRO:40002408 Culex incidens Thomson VSMO:0002694 Culiseta incidens A mosquito of Genus Culiseta with the species designation of incidens. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus western equine encephalomyelitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of adamesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:08:42Z MIRO:40002998 NCBITaxon:284557 VSMO:0002695 Culex adamesi A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of adamesi. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of spissipes. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:11:15Z MIRO:40003131 NCBITaxon:284565 Culex alvarezi Sutil Oramas, Pulido Florenzano and Amarista Meneses Culex fur Dyar and Knab Culex haynei Komp and Curry Culex menytes Dyar Melanoconion spissipes Theobald VSMO:0002696 Culex spissipes A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of spissipes. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of ocossa. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:11:51Z MIRO:40003094 VSMO:0002697 Culex ocossa A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of ocossa. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of panocossa. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:13:04Z MIRO:40003099 VSMO:0002698 Culex panocossa A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of panocossa. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of confinnis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:15:50Z MIRO:40001308 NCBITaxon:869071 Aedes chiquitana Pinto Aedes funiculus Dyar Culex scutipunctatus Lutz and Neiva Taeniorhynchus confinnis Lynch Arribalzaga Taeniorhynchus trigonophorus Lutz VSMO:0002699 Psorophora confinnis A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of confinnis. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of delpontei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:18:37Z MIRO:40003034 VSMO:0002700 Culex delpontei A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of delpontei. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus PMID:14651460 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ A mosquito of Genus Deinocerites with the species designation of pseudes. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:24:30Z MIRO:40002300 Culex pseudes VSMO:0002701 Deinocerites pseudes A mosquito of Genus Deinocerites with the species designation of pseudes. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of cingulata. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:28:39Z MIRO:40001306 Aedes garciai Levi-Castillo Culex apicalis Theobald Culex cingulata Fabricius Culex neoapicalis Theobald Janthinosoma indoctum Dyar and Knab VSMO:0002702 Psorophora cingulata A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of cingulata. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of fulvus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:30:03Z MIRO:40001039 Culex flavicosta Walker Culex fulvus Wiedemann Ochlerotatus fulvus VSMO:0002703 Aedes fulvus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of fulvus. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and Europe. Vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of thelcter. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:37:04Z MIRO:40001154 Ochlerotatus thelcter VSMO:0002704 Aedes thelcter A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of thelcter. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of discolor. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:38:54Z MIRO:40001310 Culex discolor Coquillett) VSMO:0002705 Psorophora discolor A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of discolor. COMMENT: Occurs in North America. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of indubitans. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:40:12Z MIRO:40001260 VSMO:0002706 Mansonia indubitans A mosquito of Genus Mansonia with the species designation of indubitans. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Suspected vector of: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of mediovittatus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: dengue virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:46:25Z MIRO:40000882 Aedes uncatus Grabham Stegomyia mediovittatus Coquillett VSMO:0002707 Aedes mediovittatus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of mediovittatus. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and the Caribbean. Vector of: dengue virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ISBN:0851994733 Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of occidentalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:52:21Z MIRO:40000809 Cukex occidentalis Skuse VSMO:0002708 Aedes occidentalis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of occidentalis. COMMENT: Occurs in Australia and the Pacific Islands. Vector of: Murray Valley encephalitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of coronator. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T01:57:42Z MIRO:40002544 NCBITaxon:526217 Culex coronator ssp. mooseri Vargas and Martinez Palacios VSMO:0002709 Culex coronator A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of coronator. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of bahamensis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and the Caribbean. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus leisen 2012-02-13T02:05:24Z MIRO:40000895 NCBITaxon:188699 VSMO:0002710 Aedes bahamensis A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of bahamensis. COMMENT: Occurs in North America and the Caribbean. Vector of: St. Louis encephalitis virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of albipes. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Ilheus virus leisen 2012-02-13T02:22:03Z MIRO:40001322 NCBITaxon:869069 Janthinosoma albipes Theobald VSMO:0002711 Psorophora albipes A mosquito of Genus Psorophora with the species designation of albipes. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: Ilheus virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ URI:http://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/index.asp A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of thriambus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: West Nile virus leisen 2012-02-13T02:56:22Z MIRO:40002694 NCBITaxon:871895 Culex affinis Adams VSMO:0002712 Culex thriambus A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of thriambus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: West Nile virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of simpsoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-02-14T08:27:47Z MIRO:40000629 NCBITaxon:7161 Stegomyia simpsoni VSMO:0002713 Aedes simpsoni A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of simpsoni. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: yellow fever virus ISBN:0851994733 PMID:16913829 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of thalassius. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-02-14T08:34:37Z MIRO:40002692 Culex ronaldi Charmoy Culicelsa accraensis Theobald Culicelsa accraensis var. fuscus Theobald Culicelsa neotaeniorhynchus Theobald VSMO:0002714 Culex thalassius A mosquito of Genus Culex with the species designation of thalassius. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Vector of: yellow fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of equinus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-02-14T08:37:42Z MIRO:40003276 NCBITaxon:53526 Aedes affirmatus Dyar and Knab Aedes philosophicus Dyar and Knab VSMO:0002715 Haemagogus equinus A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of equinus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Vector of: yellow fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of splendens. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-02-14T08:39:27Z MIRO:40003286 VSMO:0002716 Haemagogus splendens A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of splendens. COMMENT: Occurs in the Caribbean. Vector of: yellow fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of capricornii. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-02-14T08:42:55Z MIRO:40003272 VSMO:0002717 Haemagogus capricornii A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of capricornii. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: yellow fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of mesodentatus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Suspected vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-02-14T08:58:58Z MIRO:40003280 NCBITaxon:7181 Haemagogus mesodentatus alticola Galindo, Trapido, and Boshell-Manrique Haemagogus mesodentatus gorgasi Galindo and Trapido VSMO:0002718 Haemagogus mesodentatus A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of mesodentatus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Americas. Suspected vector of: yellow fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of lucifer. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Suspected vector of: yellow fever virus leisen 2012-02-14T09:03:37Z MIRO:40003279 Stegoconops lucifer Howard, Dyar, and Knab VSMO:0002719 Haemagogus lucifer A mosquito of Genus Haemagogus with the species designation of lucifer. COMMENT: Occurs in South America and Central America. Suspected vector of: yellow fever virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of strelitziae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Suspected vector of: dengue virus leisen 2012-02-14T09:11:22Z MIRO:40000631 Stegomyia strelitziae VSMO:0002720 Aedes strelitziae A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of strelitziae. COMMENT: Occurs in Africa. Suspected vector of: dengue virus URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ VSMO:Authors A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of hebrideus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Suspected vector of: dengue virus leisen 2012-02-14T09:36:52Z MIRO:40000567 NCBITaxon:569588 Aedes variegatus var. hebrideus Edwards Stegomyia hebrideus VSMO:0002722 Aedes hebrideus A mosquito of Genus Aedes with the species designation of hebrideus. COMMENT: Occurs in the Pacific Islands. Suspected vector of: dengue virus Rodhain:1997 URI:http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/ Mepraia is a Genus in Family Reduviidae. leisen 2012-02-17T08:32:50Z NCBITaxon:162382 VSMO:0002724 Mepraia Mepraia is a Genus in Family Reduviidae. VSMO:Authors A reduviid bug of Genus Mepraia with the species designation of spinolai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-17T08:34:01Z NCBITaxon:162383 Triatoma chilena Usinger Triatoma spinolai Porter Triatomaptera porteri Neiva & Lent VSMO:0002725 Mepraia spinolai A reduviid bug of Genus Mepraia with the species designation of spinolai. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi ISBN:1402014139 Ryckman_RE:1986 URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of sherlocki. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi leisen 2012-02-17T08:42:50Z Triatoma sherlocki VSMO:0002726 Panstrongylus sherlocki A reduviid bug of Genus Panstrongylus with the species designation of sherlocki. COMMENT: Occurs in South America. Vector of: Trypanosoma cruzi URI:http://eclat.fcien.edu.uy/ VSMO:Authors bfo:Entity entity An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. a heart a person a symphony orchestra the color of a tomato the disposition of blood to coagulate the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building the mass of a cloud endurant snap:Continuant Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. snap:DependentContinuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. dependent_continuant A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C. the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease the disposition of a vase to brake if dropped the disposition of blood to coagulate the disposition of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated snap:Disposition Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C. disposition A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the east side of Saarbruecken the lower right portion of a human torso upper and lower lobes of the left lung fiat substance part snap:FiatObjectPart Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. fiat_object_part A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which is an essentially end-directed activity of a continuant [snap:Continuant] entity in virtue of that continuant [snap:Continuant] entity being a specific kind of entity in the kind or kinds of contexts that it is made for. etc. the digestive function of the stomach to nutriate the body the function of a birth canal to enable transport the function of a computer program to compute mathematical equations the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a judge in a court of law the function of an automobile to provide transportation the function of reproduction in the transmission of genetic material the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood snap:Function Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which is an essentially end-directed activity of a continuant [snap:Continuant] entity in virtue of that continuant [snap:Continuant] entity being a specific kind of entity in the kind or kinds of contexts that it is made for. function A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives snap:GenericallyDependentContinuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. generically_dependent_continuant A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. a chair a heart a leg a person a symphony orchestra an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building substantial entity snap:IndependentContinuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent_continuant An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. a chair collection of random bacteria dorsal surface of the body snap:MaterialEntity Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. material_entity A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps) and possesses an internal unity. The identity of substantial object [snap:Object] entities is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. snap:Object object A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps) and possesses an internal unity. The identity of substantial object [snap:Object] entities is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO:snap:Object A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is a mereological sum of separate object [snap:Object] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries. snap:ObjectAggregate object_aggregate A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is a mereological sum of separate object [snap:Object] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries. BFO:snap:ObjectAggregate An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a lower dimensional part of a spatial entity, normally a closed two-dimensional surface. Boundaries are those privileged parts of object [snap:Object] entities that exist at exactly the point where the object [snap:Object] is separated off from the rest of the existing entities in the world. the outer surface of a cell or cell wall the surface of the earth the surface of the interior of the stomach the surface of the skin substance boundary snap:ObjectBoundary Comment: Boundaries are theoretically difficult entities to account for, however the intuitive notion of a physical boundary as a surface of some sort (whether inside or outside of a thing) will generally serve as a good guide for the use of this universal. object_boundary A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with one dimension. an edge of a cube-shaped part of space the part of space that is a line stretching from one end of absolute space to the other snap:OneDimensionalRegion Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with one dimension. one_dimensional_region A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). snap:Quality quality A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). BFO:snap:Quality A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that inheres in continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. the disposition of blood to coagulate the disposition of metal to conduct electricity the function of the reproductive organs the role of being a doctor snap:RealizableEntity Comment: If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized. realizable_entity A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. snap:Role role A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO:snap:Role An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape in relation to some arrangement of other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and of the medium which is enclosed in whole or in part by this characteristic spatial shape. Site [snap:Site] entities are entities that can be occupied by other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. Maria's nostril or her intestines for a variety of bacteria. a particular room in a particular hospital snap:Site Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are site [snap:Site] entities) through a relation of "occupation". That relation is connected to, but distinct from, the relation of spatial location. Site [snap:Site] entities are not to be confused with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. In BFO, site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space which is different from the view corresponding to the class spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] (see the comment on this class). site A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities. parts of the sum total of all space in the universe the sum total of all space in the universe snap:SpatialRegion Comment: All instances of continuant [snap:Continuant] are spatial entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatial) location with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatial location of a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is this region itself. spatial_region A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. etc. the color of a tomato the disposition of fish to decay the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood the liquidity of blood the mass of a cloud the role of being a doctor the smell of mozzarella to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood mode property trope snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically_dependent_continuant A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with three dimensions. a cube-shaped part of space a sphere-shaped part of space snap:ThreeDimensionalRegion Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with three dimensions. three_dimensional_region A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with two dimensions. the surface of a cube-shaped part of space the surface of a rectilinear planar figure-shaped part of space the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space snap:TwoDimensionalRegion Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with two dimensions. two_dimensional_region A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with no dimensions. a point snap:ZeroDimensionalRegion Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with no dimensions. zero_dimensional_region A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. connected_spatiotemporal_region A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. the 1970s years the time from the beginning to the end of a heart attack the time taken up by cellular meiosis span:ConnectedTemporalRegion Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. connected_temporal_region A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. chewing during a meal the middle part of a rainstorm the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life the worst part of a heart-attack span:FiatProcessPart Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. fiat_process_part An entity [bfo:Entity] that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants. a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection the life of an organism the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor perdurant span:Occurrent Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants. occurrent A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. span:Process process A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. BFO:span:Process A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a mereological sum of process [span:Process] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries. a process of digestion and a process of thinking taken together the beating of the hearts of each of seven individuals in the room the playing of each of the members of an orchestra span:ProcessAggregate Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a mereological sum of process [span:Process] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries. process_aggregate A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary. birth death the detaching of a finger in an industrial accident the final separation of two cells at the end of cell-division the forming of a synapse the incision at the beginning of a surgery the onset of REM sleep span:ProcessBoundary Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary. process_boundary An occurrent [span:Occurrent] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape inhering in some arrangement of other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities. Processual context [span:ProcessualContext] entities are characteristically entities at or in which other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities can be located or occur. The processual context for a given manipulation occurring as part of an experiment is made of processual entities which occur in parallel are not necessarily all parts of the experiment themselves and may involve continuant [snap:Continuant] entities which are in the spatial vicinity of the participants in the experiment. span:ProcessualContext Comment: An instance of a processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is a mixture of processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] which stand as surrounding environments for other processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities. The class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is the analogous among occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities to the class site [snap:Site] among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. processual_context An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism the process of meiosis span:ProcessualEntity Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. processual_entity A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which. the space and time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup the space and time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair span:ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which. scattered_spatiotemporal_region A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. the time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup the time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair span:ScatteredTemporalRegion Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. scattered_temporal_region A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] at a specific moment. the spatiotemporal region occupied by a single instantaneous temporal slice (part) of a process span:SpatiotemporalInstant Definition: A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] at a specific moment. spatiotemporal_instant A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] that endures for more than a single moment of time. the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process or by a fiat processual part span:SpatiotemporalInterval Definition: A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] that endures for more than a single moment of time. spatiotemporal_interval An occurrent [span:Occurrent] at or in which processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities can be located. the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor span:SpatiotemporalRegion Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are spatiotemporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatiotemporal) location with spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is this region itself. spatiotemporal_region A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] comprising a single moment of time. right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death span:TemporalInstant Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] comprising a single moment of time. temporal_instant A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] lasting for more than a single moment of time. any continuous temporal duration during which a process occurs span:TemporalInterval Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] lasting for more than a single moment of time. temporal_interval An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that is part of time. span:TemporalRegion temporal region An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that is part of time. BFO:span:TemporalRegion An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. biological sex http obo:PATO_0000047 biological sex