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Clockmakers

In the past, they tempered their springs by dipping them
into molten lead. But today they temper their springs
straight, & bend them once tempered, which is a
pa beautiful secret.


Casting lead in lead

There are some who make their cavities with thick lead, then
cast lead in them.
Lead when not cast hot enough, is white, & blacker when cast
well hot.



One can make a lead mold. & to cast in it, fumigate
it with candle soot. But it is never that neat.



Never does Lead come so neat as tin.


Sand

If it is too fat, one ought to reheat it and sieve it again.


Method of casting in bronze

Latten of potincor, which is
the most brittle, molds more neatly, according to the opinion of many
people, than fine latten of skillets, just like all fine
latten molds neater than red copper. If you want to cast
something fine & thin, the entire secret is to cast as hot as
possible so that the substance boils. You will recognize that it is hot
enough when it smokes a lot and while stirring it throws sparks. To heat
well, place your crucible as low as possible & at the very
bottom of the forge, so that the bellowsfra beat on the middle of the crucible, for
in this way it is better than on the grill on which one usually
puts the crucible, under which the bellows beat. It is
true that the crucible risks more danger breaking, but you can
lute it as you know founders do. And also, one ought
to maintain the charcoal between the bellows & the
crucible. Also take heed to cast all at once & not in
increments & drop by drop, which would stop & plug up the
conduit of the substance. And if you were to make in the cast an
abreveoir to aliment the medal, it would be even better. And so
that the substance heats well at the bottom, stir it, once melted, with
a wood stick, for iron only makes it brittle.
Turn.



Some put wool stuffing in order to heat it & make it
run.



Put under your crucible, one large ironplatte, which will redden & will maintain the heat
under your crucible.



The copper substance is found to be good for casting, when once
broken it makes the grain long & not short, for it demonstrates that
it is soft. It is halffine latten & halfred copper. This long grain is called long stalk.

