Sophia King
has social class: indigent
has social class: gentry
has social class: professional
:SocialClassContext for Sophia King: portugal
has gender: genderWomanFemale
has ethnicity: jewish
has denomination: jewish
has denomination: hasPoliticalAffiliation
has denomination: radical
has denomination: hasNationalitySelfDefined
has denomination: english
has denomination: type
has denomination: Person

:SocialClassContext for Sophia King
KING social class indigent: type
KING social class indigent: SocialClassContext
has body: indigent
has target: Sophia King
derived from: cwrc#

:SocialClassContext for Sophia King
type: SocialClassContext
has body: gentry
has target: Sophia King
derived from: cwrc#

:SocialClassContext for Sophia King
type: SocialClassContext
has body: professional
has target: Sophia King
derived from: cwrc#

:GeographicHeritageContext for Sophia King
type: GeographicHeritageContext
has body: Portugal
has target: Sophia King
derived from: King12345

:Gender for Sophia King
type: Gender
has body: genderWomanFemale
has target: Sophia King
derived from: King12345

:Denomination Context for Sophia King
type: RaceEthnicityContext
has body: jewish
has target: Sophia King
derived from: King12345

:RaceEthnicityContext for Sophia King
type: RaceEthnicityContext
has body: jewish
has target: Sophia King
derived from: cwrc#

:PoliticalAffiliationContext for Sophia King
type: PoliticalAffiliationContext
has body: radical
has target: Sophia King
derived from: cwrc#

:NationalitySelfDefinedContext for Sophia King
type: NationalitySDContext
has body: english
has target: Sophia King
derived from: cwrc#

King12345Happy
is string: SK's Sephardic Jewish Portuguese birth, her early years in Judaism, and her father's boyhood as a street urchin and his high-profile but scandalous career (associating with political radicals while lending money to socialites and eventually marrying into the English nobility), made her an outsider in English society.
type: Context
type: Sentence
created by: Members of the Orlando Project.

Anna Leonowens
has gender: genderWomanFemale
has denomination: buddhist
has denomination: presbyterianchurch
has national heritage: welsh
has nationality: english
has race colour: eurasian
has race colour self defined: white
type: Person

:Gender for Anna Leonowens
type: Gender
has body: genderWomanFemale
has target: Anna Leonowens
derived from: Leonowens12345

:Denomination for Anna Leonowens
type: Denomination
has body: presbyterian
has target: Anna Leonowens
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination for Anna Leonowens
type: Denomination
has body: buddhist
has target: Anna Leonowens
derived from: cwrc#

:National Heritage for Anna Leonowens
type: Denomination
has body: welsh
has target: Anna Leonowens
derived from: cwrc#

:Nationality for Anna Leonowens
type: Denomination
has body: english
has target: Anna Leonowens
derived from: cwrc#

:Race Colour for Anna Leonowens
type: Denomination
has body: eurasian
has target: Anna Leonowens
derived from: cwrc#

:Race Colour for Anna Leonowens
type: Denomination
has body: white
has target: Anna Leonowens
derived from: cwrc#

Charlotte Dacre
has gender: genderWomanFemale
:SocialClassContext for Sophia King: jewish
portugal: cwrc#
has religion: anglicanchurch
has religion: jewish
has denomination: cwrc#
has ethnicity: cwrc#
has social class: entrepreneurial-industrialist
has social class: gentry
has social class: cwrc#
type: Person

:Gender for Charlotte Dacre
type: Gender
has body: genderWomanFemale
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: Dacre12345

:Geographic Heritage for Charlotte Dacre
type: GeogHeritage
has body: jewish
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Geographic Heritage for Charlotte Dacre
type: GeogHeritage
has body: portugal
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Geographic Heritage for Charlotte Dacre
type: GeogHeritage
has body: england
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Geographic Heritage for Charlotte Dacre
type: GeogHeritage
has body: middlesex
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Geographic Heritage for Charlotte Dacre
type: GeogHeritage
has body: london
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Religion for Charlotte Dacre
type: Religion
has body: anglicanChurch
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Religion for Charlotte Dacre
type: Religion
has body: jewish
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination for Charlotte Dacre
type: Denomination
has body: jewish
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination for Charlotte Dacre
type: Denomination
has body: anglicanChurch
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Ethnicity for Charlotte Dacre
type: Ethnicity
has body: jewish
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Social Class for Charlotte Dacre
type: SocialClass
has body: entrepreneurial-industrialist
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Social Class for Charlotte Dacre
type: SocialClass
has body: gentry
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

:Social Class for Charlotte Dacre
type: SocialClass
has body: indigent
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: cwrc#

Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
has gender: genderWomanFemale
has ethnicity heritage: cwrc#
has ethnicity heritage: hasNationalityHeritage
has denomination self defined: cwrc#
has social class self defined: cwrc#
type: Person

:Gender for Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
type: Gender
has body: genderWomanFemale
has target: Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
derived from: Gooch12345

:Ethnicity Heritage for Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
type: EthnicityHeritage
has body: jewish
has target: Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
derived from: cwrc#

:Nationality Heritage for Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
type: NationalityHeritage
has body: portugal
has target: Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination Self Defined for Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
type: DenominationSelfDefined
has body: anglicanChurch
has target: Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
derived from: cwrc#

:Social Class Self Defined for Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
type: SocialClassSelfDefined
has body: gentry
has target: Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
derived from: cwrc#

Grace Aguilar
type: Person
father: Elizabeth Sarah Gooch
has denomination: jewish
grace aguilar: hasGender
grace aguilar: genderWomanFemale
has ethnicity: jewish
has national heritage: portugal
has national heritage: spain
has nationality self defined: english
has nationality self defined: jewish
has race colour heritage: white
has religion: jewish
has social class: entrepreneurial-industrialist
has social class: middleClass
has denomination self defined: cwrc#
has political affiliation: cwrc#

:Gender for Grace Aguilar
type: Gender
has body: genderWomanFemale
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: Aguilar12345

:Ethnicity for Grace Aguilar
type: Ethnicity
has body: jewish
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:National Heritage for Grace Aguilar
type: NationalHeritage
has body: portugal
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:National Heritage for Grace Aguilar
type: NationalHeritage
has body: spain
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Nationality Self Defined for Grace Aguilar
type: NationalitySelfDefined
has body: english
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Nationality Self Defined for Grace Aguilar
type: NationalitySelfDefined
has body: jewish
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Race Colour Heritage for Grace Aguilar
type: RaceColourHeritage
has body: white
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Religion for Grace Aguilar
type: Religion
has body: jewish
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Religion for Grace Aguilar
type: Religion
has body: protestant
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Religion for Grace Aguilar
type: Religion
has body: catholic
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Social Class for Grace Aguilar
type: SocialClass
has body: entrepreneurial-industrialist
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Social Class for Grace Aguilar
type: SocialClass
has body: middleClass
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination Self Defined for Grace Aguilar
type: DenominationSelfDefined
has body: jewish
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

:Political Affiliation Self Defined for Grace Aguilar
type: PoliticalAffiliation
has body: proto-zionist
has target: GraceAguilar
derived from: cwrc#

Amy Levy
type: Person
mother: GraceAguilar
has national heritage: portugal
grace aguilar mother: type
grace aguilar mother: Person
has national heritage: spain
amy levy: hasGender
amy levy: genderWomanFemale
has social class: upper-middleClass
has nationality self defined: english
has denomination self defined: jewish
has sexual identity: lesbian
has ethnicity: jewish

:Gender for Amy Levy
type: Gender
has body: genderWomanFemale
has target: AmyLevy
derived from: Levy12345

:Social Class for Amy Levy
type: SocialClass
has body: upper-middleClass
has target: AmyLevy
derived from: cwrc#

:Nationality Self Defined for Amy Levy
type: NationalitySelfDefined
has body: english
has target: AmyLevy
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination Self Defined for Amy Levy
type: DenominationSelfDefined
has body: jewish
has target: AmyLevy
derived from: cwrc#

:Sexual Identity for Amy Levy
type: SexualIdentity
has body: lesbian
has target: AmyLevy
derived from: cwrc#

:Ethnicity for Amy Levy
type: Ethnicity
has body: jewish
has target: AmyLevy
derived from: cwrc#

CharlotteMontefiore
has race colour: cwrc#
has denomination self defined: cwrc#
has social class: entrepreneurial-industrialist
cwrc#: italian
type: Person
0.1: Charlotte Montefiore

:Gender for Charlotte Montefiore
type: Gender
has body: genderWomanFemale
has target: CharlotteMontefiore
derived from: Montefiore12345

:Race Colour for Charlotte Montefiore
type: RaceColour
has body: white
has target: CharlotteMontefiore
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination Self Defined for Charlotte Montefiore
type: DenominationSelfDefined
has body: jewish
has target: CharlotteMontefiore
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination Self Defined for Charlotte Montefiore
type: DenominationSelfDefined
has body: jewish
has target: CharlotteMontefiore
derived from: cwrc#

:National Heritage for Charlotte Montefiore
type: NationalHeritage
has body: italian
has target: CharlotteMontefiore
derived from: cwrc#

RaceEthnicityContext for Charlotte Dacre
type: Person
father: GraceAguilar
has national heritage: italian
charlotte dacre cultural formation1: type
charlotte dacre cultural formation1: RaceEthnicityContext
charlotte dacre cultural formation1: Annotation
has body: jewish
has target: Charlotte Dacre
derived from: charlotteDacre1

JuliaFrankau
has gender: genderWomanFemale
has ethnicity self defined: jewish
has denomination self defined: jewish
type: Person
0.1: Julia Frankau

:Gender for Julia Frankau
type: Gender
has body: genderWomanFemale
has target: JuliaFrankau
derived from: Frankau12345

:Ethnicity Self Defined for Julia Frankau
type: EthnicitySelfDefined
has body: jewish
has target: JuliaFrankau
derived from: cwrc#

:Denomination Self Defined for Julia Frankau
type: DenominationSelfDefined
has body: jewish
has target: JuliaFrankau
derived from: cwrc#

annaleanowens1
is string: Although AL herself, in attempting to adopt an unequivocally English identity, implicitly claimed that she was white, evidence suggests that while her father was probably Welsh (he had lived in Middlesex) and presumably white, her mother was quite possibly Eurasian. If this is the case then AL suppressed her mixed-race origins. Anna was multi-lingual and from childhood could speak Hindustani, English and Guzerati (also called Gujarati), which was taught to her by her mother. She also became fluent in Sanskrit,French ,Thai , Malay, Arabic, Persian, Latin and Pali. She knew some Russian from her travels. AL was Presbyterian but also studied Hinduism and Buddhism. She believed that she was too good a Christian not to be something of a Buddhist, and too good a Buddhist not to be something of a Christian.
type: Context
type: Sentence
created by: Members of the Orlando Project.

annaleanowens2
is string: AL often visited the Reclining Buddha at the temple Wat Po in Bangkok. Her Thai teacher gave her frequent instruction on Buddha's teachings. Later in Siamese Harem Life, Anna recalled that she had learned that the prophet's object was not only a religious but a social revolution. A good deal of what was venerated as religion he found to be merely social usage, for which a Divine sanction was feigned. [Buddha], without hesitation, rejected all of this . . . . His greatest blow to the old religion, however, was in his explicit repudiation of caste. He offered his religion to all men alike . . . . Buddha boldly expounded to the people that, according to their own books, all men were equal.
type: Context
type: Sentence
created by: Members of the Orlando Project.

charlotteDacre1
is string: CD was a teenager when her Jewish parents divorced; presumably she was brought up in Judaism until this event; probably she completed her upbringing as an gentlewoman. She must have been to a greater or lesser extent an outsider in English society, not only because of her Sephardic Jewish Portuguese heritage but because of her father's highly visible but anomalous character, as a Londoner but an outsider, an ex-street-child and boxer, author of inflammatory political pamphlets, moving in high society and privy to its financial secrets while not himself a member of it.
type: Context
type: Sentence
created by: Members of the Orlando Project.

charlotteDacre2
is string: The Anglican baptism of CD's children may—perhaps—represent a final severing of her Jewish roots.
type: Context
type: Sentence
created by: Members of the Orlando Project.

graceaguilar1
is string: Both of GA's parents were presumably white and of Jewish descent; her family belonged to the middle class. Her father's family was from Spain and her mother's family was from Portugal. GA was English by birth, and she was full of praise for her country as a land of tolerance and freedom: England offers a rest and home of perfect freedom to the exile and oppressed . . . . Much of her writing about Jews served to counter the claims of those such as Thomas Carlyle, who argued that Jews could not be fully loyal to any country except Zion. GA's writings treat in detail the Jewish faith to which she strongly adhered, and she often focuses on the persecution and prejudice which Jews suffered throughout the nineteenth century, as well as historically. As critic Michael Galchinsky argues, the practices and culture of crypto-Judaism, whereby Jews evaded the Inquisition by passing for Catholic while retaining their ancestral faith in private, considerably influenced both the form and content of her work. Despite her intense commitment to improving the standing of her people through her writing, her friend Anna Maria Hall avers that she and her husband could only with difficulty get GA to speak on religious topics and were quite unacquainted with her religious habits. However, her continuing dedication to Judaism, and her identification of herself with her Sephardic Jewish heritage—which she also considered a nationality —was obvious to those who knew her, and she may have been a proto-Zionist the natural and unaffected eloquence of her words, when referring to the past history of the Jews . . . and the positive radiance of her countenance when she spoke of the gathering of the tribes at Jerusalem, could never be forgotten.
type: Context
type: Sentence
created by: Members of the Orlando Project.

graceaguilar2
is string: In Devon she developed the religious tolerance that distinguishes her writing and helped her to bridge the gap between the Jewish and Christian literary communities. Here she came into contact with provincial English Protestantism, which she distinguished from the intolerant Catholicism that had persecuted her family on the Continent. She made Christian friends with whom she discussed religious issues, attended church—she altered the forms of praise and prayer where necessary to accord with her own—and came to the conclusion that Christianity and Judaism had much in common in spirit, even if they diverged in form. She later argued in Sabbath Thoughts that Christianity was the Kingdom of Iron prophesied by Daniel, which would prepare for the Jewish messiah. Her lack of adequate religious education meant that she frequently had to rely on Christian texts about Judaism. Critic Beth-Zion Lask Abrahams joins some contemporary critics in calling her a Jewish Protestant; however, others have argued that though she was reformist, she was a dedicated Jew nonetheless, and above all.
type: Context
type: Sentence
created by: Members of the Orlando Project.

Members of the Orlando Project.
type: Group