IAO_0021000-IAO_0021999 Cooper Stansbury J. Neil Otte S. Clint Dowland Sarah Bost William R. Hogan Matthew Diller Amanda Hicks Laura Slaughter Mathias Brochhausen Mauricio B. Almeida The ontology is based on a theory of document acts proposed by Barry Smith and Reinach's theory of social acts and legal entities: Reinach, A. (1989), Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, Edited by Karl Schuhmann and Barry Smith, München: Philosophia Verlag. Smith, B. (2008) “Searle and de Soto: The new ontology of the social world”, The Mystery of Capital and the Construction of Social Reality, B. Smith, D.M. Mark and I. Ehrlich, United States, Open Court., 35-52. Smith, B. (2012) "How to Do Things With Documents", Rivista di estetica, 50 (2/2012), LII: 179-198. However, there are some amendments from our side which are to be found in the documentation. document act ontology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 2022-07-05 definition definition textual definition definition editor definition editor term editor imported from label realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes d socio-legally revokes s if s participates in d and at the end of d s no longer exists. It is important to note that this going out of existence of s is complete and unlike the going out of existence for material entities which basically always are transformed into something else. After the declaration nothing is left of the socio-legal generically dependent continuant in question. Mathias Brochhausen legally revokes d socio-legally transfers l if l participates in d and d has specified input (concretization of l)1 and specified output (concretization of l)2, where (concretization of l)1 and (concretization of l)2 are not identical. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_legally transfers true BFO relation takes precedence. We anticipate BFO 2.0 including and defining this relation. When it does, we will obsolete this property and declare it equivalent to the BFO 2.0 relation. is-aggregate-of 'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation Chris Mungall has agent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl has active participant my filling in an immigration form, a judge's signing and stamping a court order A deontic declaration creating or revoking a deontic role by lawfully manipulating (signing, stamping, publishing) a document. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_deontic document act true A document that denotes some identity and is concretized by the bearer of some credential role. Amanda Hicks identity document A documented identity is the aggregate of all data items about an entity. Notice that a documented identity is not itself a document since a document is intended to be understood as a whole and data items about an individual are usually scattered across different documents. Amanda Hicks is an aggregate of ICEs also an ICE? yes Is part_of the appropriate relation to use for data items and documented identities? documented identity I order a beer and the bartender authenticates my age by looking at my DOB on my driver's license. I sign into my email account, and the system authenticates my permission to read the email by checking the password I enter against my password listed in the database. Authentication is the act of checking or verifying an identity claim (that is either tacit or explicit). Amanda Hicks authentication A role that inheres in a concretization of an identity document and is realized by an authentication process. Amanda Hicks credential role obligor role Sam's obligor role realized by him taking Nigel to lunch after promising to do so; Sarah's obligor role realized by paying the purchase price to Layla after signing the contract specifying that she is buying a piece of land from Layla. A role that is the specified output of an obligation generating social act and that is realized by it's bearer being the providing part of a process that fulfills the previously agreed upon requirements. Mathias Brochhausen Sarah Bost duty holder role (IAO:210016) obsolete obligor role true obligee role Nigel's obligee role realized by Sam taking him out for lunch after Sam so promised; Layla's obligee role realized by receiving the money after signing a contract in which Sarah obtained a piece of land in exchange for a specified sum of money. A role that is the specified output of an obligation generating social act and that is realized by it's bearer being the receiving part of a process that fulfills the previously agreed upon requirements. Mathias Brochhausen Sarah Bost claimant role (IAO:0021013) obsolete obligee role true Tammy's owner role with regards to the house on 234 Evergreen Terrace; Walter's owner role with regards to the intellectual property on his movie script A role in a human social process that is based on a social act and whose bearer exercises exclusive control over a property, where this control is permitted by one or more deontic roles, which are parts of the owner role. Mathias Brochhausen OBIB/ICO community https://github.com/d-acts/d-acts/issues/29 owner role obsolete_claim true my filling in an immigration form, a judge's signing and stamping a court order A deontic declaration creating or revoking a deontic role by lawfully manipulating (signing, stamping, publishing) a document. Mathias Brochhausen deontic document act my filling in an immigration form, a judge's signing and stamping a court order A social act creating, revoking or transferring a socio-legal generically dependent continuant or a role by validating (signing, stamping, publishing) a document. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_document act true Colonel Klink giving Sergeant Schultz an order, Jake promising Jill to take her to the junior prom A planned process that is carried out by a conscious being or an organization, and is self-generated, directed towards another conscious being or an aggregate of conscious beings, an organization or an aggregate of organizations, and that is in need of being perceived. Mathias Brochhausen The phrase "in need of being perceived" does not imply that only planned processes that are in fact perceived can be social acts. Reinach clarifies that by exemplifying these matters for commands: "The command is according to its essence in need of being heard (vernehmungsbedürtig". It can of course happen that commands are given without being heard. Then they fail to fulfil their purpose. They are like thrown spears which fall to the ground without hitting their target." (A. Reinach: The Apriori Foundations of the Civil Law." Edited by J. Crosby, Heusenstamm: ontos Verlag, 2012). Reinach clearly does not imply that a command that does not fulfill its prupose would not be a command. Thanks to W.R. Hogan for finding the Reinach quote. social act the claim of a piece of land, the obligation to pay rent to the owner of a rental property Socio-legal generically dependent continuants are generically dependent continuants that come into existence through social acts and that if they get concretized are concretized as realizable entities. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_socio-legal generically dependent continuant true deontic declaration my consenting verbally to buy a used TV set for $ 500, John Robie's taking of Mrs. Steven's jewels, Jane Doe's revoking of informed consent over the phone, John Doe signing an employment contract. A social act that brings about, transfers or revokes a socio-legal generically dependent continuant or brings about or transforms a role. Declarations do not depend on words spoken or written, but sometimes are merely actions, for instance the signing of a document. Mathias Brochhausen declaration status function declaration obsolete_deontic declaration true A role that is either the specified output of an obligation generating social act or the concretization of a transferable obligation and that is realized by it's bearer being the providing part of a process that fulfills the previously agreed upon requirements. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete obligee role true A document that is intended to be the specified input in a document act. It has a plan specification as a part that specifies the intended socio-legal entities that are created through the document (objective specification) and the way in which the document act is to be performed (by signing, by stamping, etc.) (action specification). Mathias Brochhausen document act input document A role that inheres in an agent and which is externally grounded in the normative expectations that other agents within a social context have concerning how that agent should behave. Mathias Brochhausen Neil Otte deontic role A social act that creates or revokes a deontic role. Mathias Brochhausen deontic declaration obsolete_obligation true A deontic role that inheres in an agent A, that mutually depends on the existence of a duty holder role borne by agent B, and that specifies B doing or abstaining from C, or providing or surrendering C to A. J. Neil Otte Mathias Brochhausen Hohfeld, WN: Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning. Yale University Press, 1919. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights/ Claimant roles can either be discharged by one act of fulfilling a duty (e.g. when I pay back $5 owed to a friend) or they can remain intact and require ongoing adhering to a duty. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights/#FormRighHohfAnalSyst discuss the claim of a child to freedom from abuse. That claim remains in existence and the duty to not abuse the child needs to be continuously be acted upon, by a multitude of agents (which all have a duty holder role). This claim is mutually dependent on the duty to abstain from abusing the child. claimant role The role borne by a human being, an organization or an aggregate of either of both that is realized by being the active participant in a declaration. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_declaration executive role true the role borne by the US Citizen and Immigration Service realized by providing the template form for entering the US as a non-resident alien, the role of a guideline committee in putting together a clinical guideline The role of a human being or an aggregate of human beings preparing the initial document to undergo a document act, thus creating a socio-legal generically dependent continuant. Mathias Brochhausen not that the "template" does not need to be a template at all. It can be a document that is getting stamped and signed and by these acts creating some socio-legal generically dependent continuants. obsolete_document template creator role true A deontic role that inheres in an agent A, that mutually depends on the existence of a claimant role borne by agent B, and that specifies A doing or abstaining from some acition C, or providing or surrendering C to B. J. Neil Otte Mathias Brochhausen Hohfeld, WN: Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning. Yale University Press, 1919. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights/ duty holder role The role of a human being or an aggregate of human beings concretizing a claim. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_claimant role true The role of a human being or an aggregate of human beings concretizing an obligation. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_obligator role true A deontic role that inheres in an agent A, that specifies that no agent B bears a claimant role against A doing C. J. Neil Otte Mathias Brochhausen Hohfeld, WN: Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning. Yale University Press, 1919. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights/ privilege holder role me as a bearer of a spouse role, which participates in a document act, John Doe as bearer of a debtor role, which participates in a document act The human being or organization or aggregate of any of the aforementioned that is the bearer of a concretization of a socio-legal generically dependent continuant brought about by or transferred in a specific document act. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_declaration target true The role of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service realized by the creation of an immigration form that is being filled in, the role of a national professional association realized by the creation of a clinical guideline that is to be certified A role that inheres in a human being or organization or aggregate of any of the aforementioned that prepares a document that is the specified input to a document act and is the input document of a document act. Mathias Brochhausen document act template creator role A role inhering in a human being or an organization or an aggregate of any of the aforementioned that is realized by the bearer being the agent in a declaration. Mathias Brochhausen declaration performer role deontic declaration performer role A deontic role that, if realized, is realized by its bearer’s creating, altering, or annulling some deontic role. J. Neil Otte Mathias Brochhausen Hohfeld, WN: Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning. Yale University Press, 1919. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rights/ power role The human being or organization or aggregate of any of the aforementioned that is the bearer of a concretization of a socio-legal generically dependent continuant brought about by or transferred in a specific document act. Mathias Brochhausen obsoleted_document act target true a judge's role of signing a court order A role inhering in a human being or an organization or an aggregate of any of the aforementioned that is realized by the bearer being the agent in a document act. Mathias Brochhausen document act performer role A role that is either the specified output of an obligation generating social act or the concretization of a transferable obligation and that is realized by it's bearer being the receiving part of a process that fulfills the previously agreed upon requirements. Sarah Bost obsolete_obligee role true A role that is either the specified output of an obligation generating social act or the concretization of a transferable obligation and that is realized by it's bearer being the providing part of a process that fulfills the previously agreed upon requirements. Sarah Bost obsolete_obligor role true A social act that postulates a socio-legal fact for a specified group of people or organizations. Mathias Brochhausen enactment standing declaration A role that is either the specified output of an obligation generating social act or the concretization of a transferable obligation and that is realized by it's bearer being the receiving part of a process that fulfills the previously agreed upon requirements. John Judkins Mathias Brochhausen obsolete obligor role true Homo sapiens human being Homo sapiens organization PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods. An organization is a continuant entity which can play roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra PERSON: Susanna Sansone GROUP: OBI organization organism animal fungus plant virus A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms') 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism organism An object aggregate of organisms. Any arbitrary collection of organisms. They need not be of the same taxonomic class. collection of organisms An object aggregate all of whose components are human beings. collection of humans A role inhering in an entity realized by social interactions in human society. Mathias Brochhausen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse.owl Previous definition: A role played by an entity in human social processes. role in human social processes An aggregate of organizations that have some feature in common, but is not itself an organization. An object aggregate that is not itself an organization and whose members are only organizations that have some feature in common William R. Hogan William R. Hogan Amanda Hicks http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse/releases/2022-04-06/omrse.owl It is often convenient to group organizations together that otherwise might not even interact with one another. aggregate of organizations A role that is either the specified output of an obligation generating social act or the concretization of a transferable obligation and that is realized by it's bearer being the receiving part of a process that fulfills the previously agreed upon requirements. Sarah Bost obsolete obligee role true A role that is either the specified output of an obligation generating social act or the concretization of a transferable obligation and that is realized by it's bearer being the providing part of a process that fulfills the previously agreed upon requirements. Sarah Bost obsolete obligor role true