---
name: principle-type-system-discipline
description: "Apply when designing types, reviewing a function signature, or writing code in any statically-typed language. Make illegal states unrepresentable, brand semantic primitives, parse external data at boundaries, exhaust variants, derive from authoritative schemas."
user-invocable: false
---

# Type System Discipline

Make the compiler reject impossible states, mismatched primitives, and unhandled variants. Prefer defining errors and special cases out of existence over proliferating handlers.

- **Brand semantic primitives.** `UserId` and `OrderId` are strings underneath but should not be interchangeable. Give each its own type, such as a branded intersection in TypeScript or a newtype elsewhere. Validate once at creation, trust the type downstream. If two arguments share a primitive type but mean different things, brand them.
- **External data is untyped until parsed.** RPC payloads, JSON, IPC messages, CLI args, config files, environment variables, database rows. Have a parse function at every boundary that turns unstructured input into the typed model. The [principle-boundary-discipline](../principle-boundary-discipline/SKILL.md) says where to put validation.
- **Derive types from authoritative schemas.** When a protocol buffer, OpenAPI spec, GraphQL schema, database migration, design-token file, or another file owns a shape, derive from it instead of hand-rolling a parallel type. See [principle-encode-lessons-in-structure](../principle-encode-lessons-in-structure/SKILL.md).