{
"cells": [
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"source": [
"# Masonry"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "-"
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"
\n",
" Brick Sizes for $\\frac{3}{8}''$ Mortor Joint\n",
" Brick Type | Specified Dimensions | Nominal Dimensions | \n",
" Vertical Coursing |
\n",
" Standard | $3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 2 \\frac{1}{4}'' \\times 8''$ | \n",
" Not modular | $8'' \\approx$ 3 courses |
\n",
" Modular | $3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 2 \\frac{1}{4}'' \\times 7 \\frac{5}{8}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 2 \\frac{2}{3}'' \\times 8''$ | $8'' \\approx$ 3 courses |
\n",
" Norman | $3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 2 \\frac{1}{4}'' \\times 11 \\frac{5}{8}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 2 \\frac{2}{3}'' \\times 12''$ | $8'' \\approx$ 3 courses |
\n",
" Roman | $3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 1 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 11 \\frac{5}{8}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 2'' \\times 12''$ | $2'' \\approx$ 1 course |
\n",
" Jumbo | $3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 2 \\frac{3}{4}'' \\times 8''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 3'' \\times 8''$ | $3'' \\approx$ 1 course |
\n",
" Economy | $3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 7 \\frac{5}{8}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 4'' \\times 8''$ | $4'' \\approx$ 1 course |
\n",
" Engineer | $3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 2 \\frac{13}{16}'' \\times 7 \\frac{5}{8}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 3 \\frac{1}{5}'' \\times 8''$ | $16'' \\approx$ 5 courses |
\n",
" King | $2 \\frac{3}{4}'' \\times 2 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 9 \\frac{5}{8}''$ | \n",
" Not modular | $16'' \\approx$ 5 courses |
\n",
" Queen | $2 \\frac{3}{4}'' \\times 2 \\frac{3}{4}'' \\times 7 \\frac{5}{8}''$ | \n",
" Not modular | $16'' \\approx$ 5 courses |
\n",
" Utility | $3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 3 \\frac{5}{8}'' \\times 11 \\frac{5}{8}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 4'' \\times 12''$ | $4'' \\approx$ 1 course |
\n",
"
\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"There are also different terms for the same type of brick (or block) depending on its orientation in a wall. It is important to be familiar with terms like Stretcher, Header, Soldier, Sailor, Rowlock and Shiner ([detailed description](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickwork#Orientation)). Additionally a modular brick has holes in it to allow for more even firing vs. non-modular (or common) which is a solid brick. \n",
"\n",
"Unfortunately we do not have time to cover all of the detail of masonry or even all the details about blocks or bricks. There are entire classes taught on this subject. What we are going to try to cover about masonry is a similar level of details that we have covered for the other materials. \n",
"\n",
"Let's start with a little history. Brick construction has been around since at least 6,000 B.C. in the form of sun-dried bricks and some sources put that date closer to 7,500 B.C. It was the discovery of fired brick which allowed for the creation of a more durable product. The process of firing actually fuses the clay particles that make up the brick together.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" Brick Sizes for $\\frac{1}{2}''$ Mortor Joint\n",
" Brick Type | Specified Dimensions | Nominal Dimensions | \n",
" Vertical Coursing |
\n",
" Standard | $3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 2 \\frac{1}{4}'' \\times 8''$ | \n",
" Not modular | $8'' \\approx$ 3 courses |
\n",
" Modular | $3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 2 \\frac{1}{4}'' \\times 7 \\frac{1}{2}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 2 \\frac{2}{3}'' \\times 8''$ | $8'' \\approx$ 3 courses |
\n",
" Norman | $3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 2 \\frac{1}{4}'' \\times 11 \\frac{1}{2}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 2 \\frac{2}{3}'' \\times 12''$ | $8'' \\approx$ 3 courses |
\n",
" Roman | $3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 1 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 11 \\frac{1}{2}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 2'' \\times 12''$ | $2'' \\approx$ 1 course |
\n",
" Jumbo | $3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 2 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 8''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 3'' \\times 8''$ | $3'' \\approx$ 1 course |
\n",
" Economy | $3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 7 \\frac{1}{2}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 4'' \\times 8''$ | $4'' \\approx$ 1 course |
\n",
" Engineer | $3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 2 \\frac{3}{4}'' \\times 7 \\frac{1}{2}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 3 \\frac{1}{5}'' \\times 8''$ | $16'' \\approx$ 5 courses |
\n",
" King | $3'' \\times 2 \\frac{3}{4}'' \\times 9 \\frac{3}{4}''$ | \n",
" Not modular | $16'' \\approx$ 5 courses |
\n",
" Queen | $3'' \\times 2 \\frac{3}{4}'' \\times 8''$ | \n",
" Not modular | $16'' \\approx$ 5 courses |
\n",
" Utility | $3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 3 \\frac{1}{2}'' \\times 11 \\frac{1}{2}''$ | \n",
" $4'' \\times 4'' \\times 12''$ | $4'' \\approx$ 1 course |
\n",
"
\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"* *([Brick Factory Tour - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cK1XhhxsYYA))*\n",
"* *([Flyash Bricks - video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y73M7d0hwFo))*\n",
"\n",
"### Update\n",
"\n",
"New work in robotics has lead to the development of a [robot that can lay masonry units](http://www.phillyvoice.com/robot-builder-designed-for-construction-sites/). This could lead to changes in the available sizes of brick and blocks since they would no longer need to be light enough to be easily lifted by a mason."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "slide"
}
},
"source": [
"## Sustainability"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n",
"