2026-07-16 This ontology is intended to represent data on SOGIESC-based crimes and discrimination, as well as processes associated with the collection of such data. The idea behind the Dataout Ontology is to represent instances of human rights violations as phenomena that may be observed in different sources, such as court cases or mass-media publications. There are two main components: the provenance information of an incident and its content. Each observed incident is modelled as an instance of Monitoring Record, resulting from Monitoring Activity. A monitoring record connects to the content and metadata of an incident. There are also controlled vocabularies intended for categorising instances. This ontology introduces custom classes and properties and reuses the PROV Ontology, Schema.org, and DCMI Metadata Terms. 10.5281/zenodo.21393602 dataout Dataout Ontology 1.0.0 Connect a monitoring record to a legal article. Useful when monitoring state persecution. concerns legal article Connects a defendant to its category. defendant category A natural person or legal entity, which is referred to as a defendant in a source documents (for example, a court decision or a mass media publication). has defendant Connects a penalty imposed on a defendant by an official body (a court) to a monitoring record, in which it was mentioned. has penalty Connects a trigger object to a monitoring record, in which it was mentioned. has trigger object Used to connect a monitoring record to a source that mentions some information about a monitoring record. mentioned in Connects a monitoring activity to its category. category of monitoring Connects a penalty to its category. penalty category Connects a penalty to its value. The value of this property can be a triple, which indicates its quantitative unit (such as a monetary amount or days) and amount. For example, a penalty value could be a quantitative unit of 10 days if the penalty category is detention. penalty value Connects a source to its category. source category Categories of trigger objects describe what such object is (for example, a film, a social media post, a protest), but not its legal interpretation by authorities. trigger object category An identifier code assigned to a court by a judicial or administrative authority. court code Indicates a date stated on a court document. court document date Used to indicate a number of a court document assigned by court. It is not necessarily a unique identifier. To indicate unique identifiers, use uniqueCourtDocumentID. court document number Connects a monitoring record to its textual summary (a snippet). has snippet We categorise monitored incidents by year, during which they occured. This property represents years of incidents. monitored incident year A unique identifier assigned to a monitoring record within the Dataout monitoring system. monitoring record number Unique court document ID assigned by court. unique court document ID Class representing a court of any level. Court A legal or natural person with a role of a defendant in a legal process. Defendant Class representing a single monitoring activity. Dataout conducts monitorings of different categories, such as hate crimes, discrimination, administrative and criminal persecution. The categories of monitoring are defined by the MonitoringCategoryScheme. Monitoring Activity A single record resulting from a monitoring activity. For example, if a monitoring activity documents hate crime incidents, an entity representing a hate crime would be a monitoring record. Monitoring Record Penalty imposed by an official body, such as a court. Penalty A source of a monitoring record indicating provenance information. Source A trigger object is an information object or public action that was used by the authorities as a reason to initiate an administrative or criminal proceeding. For example, in our monitoring of administrative persecution targeting LGBTQIA+ expression in Russia, a trigger object could be a mass media publication, which the Russian mass media regulator (Roskomnadzor) found to be violating, which resulted in a court case against a media company dissimianting such publication. Trigger Object The Hague, the Netherlands Dataout Dataout is a nonprofit dedicated to uncovering discrimination and crimes based on SOGIESC – sexual orientation, gender identity & expression, and sex characteristics. By conducting research and releasing open data, we aim to empower journalists, researchers, human rights advocates, and policymakers in creating a better social and legal environment for LGBTQIA+ people and others affected by SOGIESC-based discrimination. We focus on the regions where these issues are severe and least visible. Dataout Foundation Stichting Dataout Dataout Foundation Defendant Categories Legislation Categories Monitoring Categories Penalty Categories Source Categories Categories of objects that triggered administrative or criminal proceedings Trigger Object Categories Administrative Code Administrative persecution Book Comics Constitution Court document Criminal Code Criminal persecution Dating profile Detention Expulsion Federal law Film Fine Hate crimes Individual Legal entity Used both as a source category and trigger object category Mass media publication Used to categorise products and items Merchandise Music video used in a legal context. Official Press release Protest Public action We introduced this category to indicate cases of persecution against legal and natural persons associated with queer venues. In such cases, there is usually not a single trigger object indicated, but the fact that a venue is intended for LGBTQIA+ people serves as a trigger. This category can be seen as a subcategory of a public action. Note that this category does not indicate a (type of) physical place. Queer venue Used both as a source category and trigger object category Social media post TV programme TV series Warning Web content