English,Manx,Notes
Conversational Manx,,
By John Gell,,
A Series of Graded Lessons in Manx and English with phonetic pronunciation,,
"PRINTED BY MONA’S HERALD, LTD., RIDGEWAY STREET, DOUGLAS, I.O.M.",,
Conversational Manx,,
By John Gell,,
"A Series of graded lessons in Manx and English, introducing the student quickly and easily to idiomatic and conversational Manx Gaelic.",,
Dedication,,
"In affectionate memory of those native Manx people from whom I got the Manx and with whom in their homes I found such friendship, kindness and hospitality.","Ayns cooinaghtyn ghraihagh jeh ooilley ny Manninee dooie shen veuesyn hooar mish y Ghailck, as maroosyn ayns nyn dhieyn hooar mee lheid y caarjys, kenjallys, as giastyllys.",
"Alas! Most of them are now gone, and there will never be their like among us again. God’s Peace be with them.",,
Introduction,,
"The author in need of an introduction for his book usually prevails upon some well-known but kindly disposed personality to recommend his work. The seal of solid respectability thus set upon it sends the book off to a flying start and dispels from the minds of timorous readers all doubts as to its soundness. Not so, however, is Mr Gell. He is not interested in the impression his book may have upon the eminent, but only in its value to the ordinary people — of which I am one, and so, if I, as an ordinary man, think that his work is valuable, it is fair to believe that other ordinary men and women will do so too. ",,
"     For many years I have been interested in the Gaelic languages, and have seen numerous text-books designed to help the learner. Some I have found very good; others less useful. Amongst them all Juan y Geill’s volume is practically unique, in that it meets squarely the real difficulty which must be found in learning a language; that the language is primarily spoken.",,
"     Now the ability to speak a language fluently does not lie so much in the possession of a good vocabulary and a sound knowledge of its grammar, as in the ability to string words into phrases and sentences with the rythym and accent given to them by the native speakers. Many dictionaries and text-books give the pronunciation of single words, but all too few tell us the sound of these same words when used in conversation.",,
"     For the student of Manx, unable to spend time with a native speaker, this difficulty has in the past been quite insuperable, Kneen’s Dictionary alone has revealed what hitherto was an exasperating secret; how to pronounce the Manx. Mr Gell’s book carries the work to its logical conclusion and tells us how to speak it.",,
"     In the matter of pronunciation he has followed the conventions adopted by the late J. J. Kneen, with a few exceptions. Undoubtedly, argument could be brought forward for the use of the conventional signs of the International Phonetic Alphabet, and such arguments would be cogent, but, to the ordinary student, the system as used by Kneen, which is related to English syllables as pronounced in the Island, must necessarily have the appeal of simplicity. In my own opinion Mr. Gell is wise in adopting it rather than the moe difficult Phonetic Alphabet.",,
"     The sentences and phrases should be spoken rythmically with the accent as shown in heavy type, and having thus attained some fluency in using the set phrases, it is a relatively simple step without losing either rhythm or fluency.",,
"     Finally, practise as often and as regularly as possible — speak the language and keep on speaking it, for its life and preservation is both a charge upon the conscience, and a challenge to the patriotism of this generation!",,
"[Long live our language, and to every student of Manx I would say, Good luck to you!]","Dy voddey beayn yn ghlare ain, as rish dy chooilley studeyr ny Ghailck yiarrins, Raah dy row ort!",
FRANK BELL KELLY,,
Wolverhampton,,
"[Easter, 1954]","Y Chaisht, 1954",
,,
Preface,,
"     FOR some years past, students and teachers of the Manx Language have felt the need for a series of graded exercises in conversational Manx, and to meet this demand these lessons were prepared and pub­ lished in weekly instalments by the ""Mona's Herald"" last winter. They now appear in book form in the hope that they will enable even the casual reader to learn a few phrases, and the more serious student to become conversant with the idiom and fluent in speaking our ancient mother tongue.",,
"     The pronunciation of Manx is a very real difficulty, and even with the assistance of a native speaker, the English tongue cannot quite re­ produce the true Gaelic sounds. Admittedly, those who acquired the language in childhood from parents or grandparents are the best speakers, but such alas, are reduced in number to a mere handful, and even the Anglo-Manx dialect, so rich in the idiom and so full of true Gaelic words, has almost disappeared so that most students have no choice but to try to learn the pronunciation from imitated phonetic symbols.",,
"Unfortunately, no system of English spelling can adequately represent the spoken Manx; the best would undoubtedly be the International Phonetic Alphabet, but this in itself would create still more difficulty for the average student. Hence, I have conformed in general to the system used by the late Mr. J. J. Kneen in his English-Manx Pronouncing Dictionary, a second edition of which has recently been published by the Mona's Herald Press, and which I whole-heartedly commend to the student for a full explanation of the phonetic symbols and a valuable aid to building up a good vocabulary.",,
Note the following variations from Mr. Kneen’s system:,,
"a is used for that indeterminate vowel heard in English ‘about’, or the short ‘e’ in ‘the boy’.",,
"     ch always as in English church. This is the equivalent of the slender ‘t’ in Gaelic.  (e.g. Manx, 'cheer', a  country = Gaelic, 'tir'.)",,
"     ch represents the aspirate of ‘c’ or ‘k’, pronounced as the Scot would say ‘loch’.",,
"The t. and d. as used by Mr. Kneen cause some difficulty, so I have used t.th and d.th. These may look clumsy, but they give a better idea of the sound : viz.",,
     ayns y thie like English in 'unset thigh.',,
     towse  as in Lancs. dialect  ‘t.thouse’,,
     deyr like English ‘wanted there’,,
     dou like English ‘said thou’,,
"The short vowel a and e, also o and u, are not so distinct as in English; in the dialect one would hear ‘donkey’ pronounced almost as 'd.thunkey,' and the word 'better' as 'bat.tha.' Note also that the ‘oo’ in Manx is always long, as in the English ‘mood’ - a true Manxman will pronounce ‘good’ as though written ‘gude’.",,
"I must emphasise that phonetics can only approximate to the actual spoken Manx, and I strongly advise those who can, to attend the Manx Language classes, or better still, spend some time with a native speaker if that is possible.",,
"Finally, I hope that the Manx Language Society will have all the Manx sections of these lessons recorded on the tape machine, and copies made available for use in the Language classes and for individual students, so that in the years to come, when our last native speaker will, alas, have passed away, the pronunciation of Manx will be assured.",,
JUAN Y GEILL.,,
"Purt l.e Moirrey,",,
1954,,
Lesson 1,,
"1. Good morning Ned, how are you?","1. Moghrey mie, Ned, cre’naght ta shiu?",
"2. Fairly well, thank you.","2. Lane vie, gur eh mie eu.",
3. How are you yourself ?,3. Kys ta shiu hene ?,
4. I am not complaining.,4. Cha nel mee g’accan.,
5. I hear that Tom is sick.,5. Ta mee clashtyn dy vel Thom ching.,
"6. Oh, indeed, what ails him?","6. O dy jarroo, c’red ta jannoo er?",
"[NE: Oh, really, what’s up with him?]",,
"7. I don't know, but he is not working.","7. Cha ’sayms, agh cha nel eh g’obbragh.",
8. He was working yesterday.,8. V’eh g’obbragh jea.,
"9. Yes, but he wasn’t looking too well.","9. Va, agh cha row eh jeeaghyn ro vie.",
10. Are you going home now ?,10. Vel oo goll thie nish?,
"11. No, I am going to Douglas.",11. Cha nel. Ta mee goll gys Doolish.,
"12. Make haste then, the bus is coming.",12. Jean siyr eisht ta’n barroose cheet.,
"[NE: Hurry up then, the bus is coming.]",,
13. Goodbye Johnnie. Farewell Ned.,"13.  Bannaght lhiat, Yuan. Slane lhiat, Ned.",
14. Look who’s coming now!,14. Jeeagh quoi ta cheet nish!,
15. It’s William (that’s in).,15. She Illiam t’ayn.,
"16. Good morning, William, what rush is on thee?","16. Moghrey mie, Illiam, cre’n driss t’ort ?",
"[NE: Morning, William, what’s your hurry?]",,
17. I am going to Port St. Mary.,"17. Ta mee goll gys Purt le Moirrey,",
18. Are you going fishing ?,18. Vel oo goll eeastagh?,
"19. Yes, are you coming with me?","19. Ta, vel oo cheet marym?",
"20. Not today at all, I’m away home.","20. Cha nel jiu edyr, ta mee ersooyl dy-valley.",
"[NE: No, not today. I’m heading home.]",,
Notes on Lesson 1,,
"1. Much use is made in colloquial Manx of the first person singular, thee and thou, especially when speaking to a person one knows well, but the plural ‘shiu’ is used out of courtesy to an elder or a stranger.",,
"2. ‘Lane vie’ = full well, but a Manxman, always conservative, rarely admits this.",,
"‘Gur  eh mie eu’ =literally, may there be good at you.",,
"3. ‘Kys’, pronounced ‘kunnas’ or ‘kennas’, similar to the Irish, ‘cunas’.",,
4. Note the ‘g’  prefixed to verbal noun commencing with vowel.,,
"5. ‘dy vel’, an example of the dependent form of the verb.",,
6. Literally = ‘what is doing on him?’,,
7. ‘Cha ’sayms = an abbreviation of ‘Cha nel fys ayms’ (There is not knowledge at me).,,
"19. ‘jeeaghyn’. Jeeagh is given as imperative of ‘fakin’, but actually it means ‘look’.",,
"15. ‘She’, the assertive verb ‘to be’, meaning ‘Tis’, the negative of which is ‘Cha nee’.",,
"19. ‘marym’, most propositions combine with the personal pronouns giving a special form for each person. Note also that ‘marym, mayrt, marish,’ etc., mean, ‘along with’, ‘in company with’, as opposed to ‘lesh’ which usually implies possession.",,
"20. ‘edyr’, an interjection often used in Manx idiom. ",,
"‘dy-valley ', the word ‘balley’ means a place, town, homestead or farm, and ‘Dy-valley’ is the adverbial form. ‘Thie’ = house or home, and is used adverbially without ‘dy’, as in No. 10.",,
Lesson 2,,
"1. Good afternoon, Mr. Quilliam.","1. Fastyr mie eu, Vainshter Quilliam.",
"2. Good evening, John boy, aren’t you going to school ?","2. Fastyr mie, Yuan bhoy, nagh vel oo goll dy scoill?",
"3. No, we have a holiday.","3. Cha nel, ta laa-feailley ain.",
"4. That’s good, and there’s a fine day in.","4. S’mie shen, as ta laa braew ayn.",
"5. Yes, a fine sunny day.","5. Ta, laa braew grianagh.",
6. What’s that you say? I don't hear very well.,6. Cre shen t’ou gra ? Cha nel mee clashtyn feer vie.,
[NE: What’s that you’re saying? I can’t hear very well.],,
7. I say that it’s a fine sunny day.,7. Ta mee gra dy vel laa braew grianagh ayn.,
"8. Yes indeed, but it is cold.","8. Ta dy jarroo, agh te feayr.",
"9. Where’s your dad, Johnnie?","9. C’raad ta’n jishag ayd, Yuan ?",
10. He’s away in Liverpool.,10. T’eh ersooyl ayns Liverpool.,
[NE: He’s gone to Liverpool],,
11. What is he doing there ?,11. C’red t’eh jannoo ayns shen?,
12. He is buying a horse.,12. T’eh kionnaghey cabbyl.,
13. But hasn’t he two horses ?,13. Agh nagh vel daa chabbyl echey?,
[NE: But hasn’t he got two horses?],,
"14. Yes, but the black horse is growing old.","14. Ta, agh ta’n cabbyl dhoo g’aase shenn.",
"[NE: Yes, but the black horse is getting old.]",,
15. I hear that there’s a new horse at the Ballaskeg too.,15. Ta mee clashtyn dy vel cabbyl noa ec y Valleyskeag neesht.,
[NE: I hear the farmer at Ballaskeag has a new horse too.],,
16. I was hearing yesterday that he had a big grey horse.,16. Va mee clashtyh jea dy row cabbyl mooar glass echey.,
[NE: I heard yesterday that he had a big grey horse.],,
17. Look! Who’s that on the mountain?,17. Jeeagh! Quoi shen er y clieau? ,
"18. It’s Tom Pheric you’re seeing, he’s putting a sight on his sheep.","18. She Thom Pheric t’ou fakin, t’eh cur shilley er ny kirree echey.",
"[NE: It’s Tom Pheric you can see, he’s gone to see his sheep.]",,
19. Has he many sheep this year?,19. Vel monney kirree echey mleeaney?,
[NE: Does he have many sheep this year.],,
"20. Not many, a lot were lost in the snow.","20. Cha nel monney, va ram caillt ayns y sniaghtey.",
Notes on Lesson 2.,,
"1. & 2. There is no word for afternoon’ in Manx. ‘Fastyr’ is used for any time after mid-day until nightfall. Note also the vocative case when addressing a person, which causes aspiration in certain initial consonants; hence M to V in Vainshter, and J to Y in Yuan.",,
"3. ‘Laa-feailley’ = literally, a feast day, as were all the oldtime ‘holy’ days.",,
4. S’mie = a contraction of ‘she mie’ = ’Tis good. Many idiomatic com­ binations of the assertive verb ‘she’ and adjective or proposition are found in all Gaelic languages.,,
"6. ‘feer’ =v ery, truly; one of the prefixed adjectives causing aspiration in the noun.",,
"7. ‘feayr’, pronounced ‘foor’, or ‘fuar’ as in Erse and Scots Gaelic, though in the West and North of the Island it sounds like ‘feer’ or the German ‘fur’.",,
"13. Two, in counting is ‘jees,’ but ‘daa’ is the adjective and is followed by the singular noun, not plural as in English. It also causes aspiration.",,
"15. Note the article before ‘Ballaskeg.’ (The Ballaskeg.) This could mean of course, the Hawthorn Farm, but colloquially would refer to the man who owned or farmed Ballaskeg. ‘neesht’ = also, too; and pronounced ‘n’yiss’.",,
"Much, many.= mooaran or ymmodee, but in the negative or interrogative, ‘monney’ is used. ‘Ram’ = a lot. This is a word commonly used, though not given in any dictionary.",,
Lesson 3,,
Baarle,,
1. Have you any news?,1. Vel naight erbee eu?,
[NE: Got any news?],,
2. No. Have you anything new?,2. Cha nel. Vel red er bee noa euish?,
[NE: No. Have you got any news?],,
3. I have nothing new.,3. cha nel veg noa aym.,
[NE: There’s nothing new at me.] ,,
"4. Have you·any money, then?","4. Vel argid erbee euish, eisht ?",
"[NE: Do you have any money, then?]",,
5. I haven’t a penny.,5. Cha nel ping aym.,"[7] [gad] a rope, a withe made of heath or ling."
[NE: I don’t have a penny.],,
6. Thou’re as poor as a church mouse then?,6. T’ou cho boght as lugh killagh eisht?,
"[NE: You’re as poor as a church mouse, then?]",,
"7. I don't know, ‘tis not he who has little who is poor, but he who desires more.’","7. Cha s’ayms, ‘cha nee eshyn ta red beg echey ta boght, agh eshyn ta geearree ny smoo.’",
"[NE: I dunno, someone who hasn’t got much isn’t poor, it’s someone who desires more (than he has).]",,
"8. That was well said, boy.","8. Va shen grait dy-mie, bhoy.",
9. Money is not everything.,9. Cha nel argid dy chooilley nhee.,
"10. John Tom has plenty of money, and look how miserable he is.","10. Ta palchey argid ec Juan Thom, as jeeagh cho treih as t’eshyn.",
Were you ever in his house?,11. Row shiu rieau ayns y thie echey?,
[NE: Have you ever been in his house?],,
"12. No, but I hear that he is living like a pig.","12. Cha row, agh ta mee clashtyn dy vel eh baghey ‘gollrish muc.’",
"13. Yes, like a pig in a pigsty.","13. Ta, gollrish muc ayns muclagh.",
14. Was Charlie in your house this morning ?,14. Row Chalse ’sy thie euish moghrey jiu?,
"15. No, he is in Ramsey.","15. Cha row, t’eh ayns Rhumsaa.",
16. Isn't his wife in Douglas ?,16. Nagh vel y ven echey ayns Doolish? ,
17. I believe so.,17. Ta mee credjal dy vel.,
18. Did you know that she has good Manx?,18. Row fys eu dy vel Gailck vie eck?,
[NE: Did you know that she speaks Manx well?],,
19. I didn't know that.,19. Cha row fys aym er shen.,
20. Where did she get the Manx from?,20. Cre voish hooar ish y Ghailck ?,
[NE: Where did she learn Manx?],,
Notes on Lesson 3.,,
"3. Beg = little, small. an adjective, but the aspirated form ‘veg’ is here used as a noun, and is a peculiar idiom of the colloquial Manx. It is only used in the negative or interrogative, and can mean ‘anything’, or ‘nothing’. For example :- ",,
"No. 2 above, could be - Cha nel, vel veg noa euish?",,
"No. 4, similarly, Vel veg dy argid euish, eisht? (Is there anything of money at you.)",,
[NE: Do you have any money?],,
6 and 7. Manx proverbs.,,
"9. ‘dy chooilley nhee’. This is really a corruption of 'dagh ooilley nhee' exactly the same as the Irish, ‘dach uile ní’.",,
"10. argid = silver, money. Similar to the use of ‘argent’ in French.",,
"cho....as, = as ....as, more often written, ‘cha ... as’, but to avoid confusion, 'cho' is preferable, as is done in the Scots Gaelic.",,
"17. credjal, colloquially pronounced as though written ‘cra’al’.",,
"19. The Manx idiom is, ‘to be knowledge at a person on something,’",,
"20. ‘ish’, the emphatic of the personal pronoun ‘ee’.",,
Lesson 3,,
1. Is there anyone in? (at home.),1. Vel peiagh erbee sthie?,
[NE: Is anyone home?],,
"2. Yes, it is thou (that’s in) Jim?","2. Ta, nee uss t’ayn, Yamys?",
"[NE: Yes, is it you Jim?]",,
3. Come in and shut the door.,3. Trooid stiagh as jeigh yn dorrys.,
"4. It’s a terrible night, art thou cold?","4. S’atchimagh ta’n [sic] oie, vel oo feayr?",
"[NE: It’s an awful night, are you cold?]",,
"5. I’m  not  cold at all, but I’m tired.","5. Cha nel mee feayr edyr, agh ta mee skee.",
"6. Sit down then, and take rest. (ease.)","6. Soie sheese eisht, as gow aash.",
"[NE:Sit down then, and take it easy.]",,
7. Did you come from Castletown tonight?,7. Daink shiu veih Balleychashtal noght?,
"8. No, I was at Tom Dan’s house.","8. Cha daink, va mee ec y thie Hom Dan.",
"9. Indeed, and how’s the man himself?","9. Dy jarroo, as kys ta’n dooinney hene?",
[NE: Oh really? And how’s the man himself?],,
10. It’s a long time now since I saw him.,10. S’foddey  nish  neayr’s  honnick mee eshyn.,
"11. Himself is going bravely, but his wife is only ‘moal.’ (in poor health.)","11. T’eh-hene goll dy-dunnal, agh cha nel y ven echey agh moal.",
"[NE: He’s doing well himself, but his wife isn’t great.]",,
"12. Poorly enough, I'm thinking, but she has a good heart.","12. Moal dy liooar, er-lhiams, agh ta cree vie eek.",
"[NE: Pretty bad, I think, but she’s in good spirits.]",,
13. I never heard a grumble out of her.,13. Cha geayll mee rieau accan assjee.,
[NE: I’ve never heard a complaint from her.],,
14. I never saw her  like before.,14. Cha naik mee rieau e lheid roie.,
[NE: I’ve never seen anyone like her before.],,
15. And how is the little boy?,15. As cre’n aght ta’n guilley beg?,
"16. He was very ill on Saturday, but full of energy next day. (day of the morrow.)","16. V’eh trome ching Jesarn, agh lane dy vree laa ny vairagh.",
17. That’s the way with children.,17. Shen yn aght lesh paitchyn.,
18. One day sick and another day quite well again.,"18. Yn derrey laa ching, as yn laa elley lane vie reesht.",
[NE: Sick one day and fine the next.],,
19. Look at the clock ! It’s time to go home.,19. Jeeagh er y chlag! Te traa goll thie.,
"20. Good night then, take care of thyself in the darkness.","20. Oie vie eisht, gow kiarail jeed-hene ayns y dorraghys.",
"[NE: Good night then, take care of yourself in the dark.]",,
Notes on Lesson 4,,
"1. ‘peiagh,’ or ‘pyagh,’ = a person. Some think that this is synonomous with ‘peccagh,’ a sinner (‘All men are sinners’?) Certainly ‘peccagh’ as pronounced by native speakers, with the medial ‘cc’  slurred, would give much .the same sound.",,
"5. ‘edyr.’ = at all, an idiomatic interjection often used in Gaelic, and in the dialect. Not to be confused with ‘erbee,’ meaning none at all, or with ‘eddyr,’ a preposition meaning ‘between.’",,
"8. ‘Yes and No,’ have no counterpart in Manx. They can only be expressed by a repetition of the verb used in the question, hence, ‘Daink shiu?’ ‘Haink,’ Yes. ‘Cha daink,’ No.",,
9. ‘neayr’s’ pronounced as ‘n’yirrus.’,,
11. ‘cha nel .... agh.’ (Is not .... but.) Similar to the Yorks. dialect,,
‘He is nobbut ... .’,,
"12. ‘er-lhiam,’ an idiom peculiar to Gaelic and cannot be translated literally. It means, ‘methinks, I imagine, etc.’ Similarly with other persons. ‘Er.lhiat, er-lesh. etc.’",,
"14. ‘e lheid,’ = anyone like her, her sort, her kind of person.",,
"16. ‘trome’ = heavy. Here used as an intensive, as ‘very sick’ or ‘exceedingly ill.’",,
"18. ‘derrey’ as an adverb, means ‘until,’ but here the idiom is ‘yn derrey yeh as yn jeh elley.’ (The one .... and the other.) Any other noun can take the place of ‘yeh and jeh.’",,
"19. The Manx idiom is ‘to look on something,’ not ‘at,’ as in English.",,
Lesson 5,,
(Revision Exercise for Oral Practice),,
1. Where is John? I don’t know at all.,1. C’raad ta Juan? Cha ’sayms edyr.,
2. Isn’t he in the house?,2. Nagh vel eh ’sy thie?,
3. I don’t see him.,3. Cha nel mee fakin eh.,
[NE: I can’t see him.],,
4. Look at that! What art thou seeing?,4. Jeeagh er shen! C’red t’ou fakin?,
[NE: Look at that! What do you see?],,
5. John is on the mountain.,5. Ta Juan er y clieau.,
6. What’s he doing? Find out!,6. C’red t’eh jannoo? Fow magh!,
"7. Good morning, what’s the matter?","7. Moghrey mie, c’red ta jannoo ort?",
"[NE: Good morning, what’s up with you?]",,
8. The grey horse is gone. (away),8. Ta’n cabbyl glass ersooyl.,
[NE: The grey horse is missing.],,
9. Isn’t he in yonder field?,9. Nagh vel eh ’sy vagher shid?,
[NE: Isn’t he in that field over there?],,
10. He wasn’t there this morning.,10. Cha row eh ayns shen moghrey jiu.,
11. He’s right enough now.,11. T’eh kiart dy-liooar nish.,
[NE: He’s ok now.],,
12. I hear you very well.,12. Ta mee clashtyn oo feer vie.,
13. Are you going home again?,13. Vel oo goll thie reesht?,
"14. Not yet, what rush is on thee?","14. Cha nel foast, cre’n driss t’ort?",
[NE: Not yet. What’s your rush?],,
"15. I’m going to Colby, art thou coming?","15. Ta mee goll dy Colby, vel oo cheet?",
"[NE: I’m going to Colby, are you coming?",,
"16. Come then, let’s go.","16. Trooid eisht, lhig dooin goll.",
17. Look who’s coming!,17. Jeeagh quoi ta cheet? ,
18. It’s Billy and his dog.,"18. She Billy t’ayn, as y moddey echey.",
"19. There’s a good dog at thee, has he Manx?","19. Ta moddey mie ayd, vel Gailck echey?",
"[NE: You’ve got a good dog, does he know Manx?",,
20. He has no Manx at all.,20. Cha nel Gailck erbee echey.,
[NE: He doesn’t know any Manx.],,
21. Where’s he from? From England.,21. Cre voish t’eh? Voish Sostyn.,
22. I was never there.,22. Cha row mee rieau ayns shen.,
[NE: I’ve never been there.],,
23. Wast thou ever in Ramsey?,23. Row uss rieau ayns Rhumsaa?,
[NE: Have you ever been to Ramsey?],,
"24. Yes indeed, many a time.","24. Va, dy jarroo, keayrt ny ghaa.",
25. I went there in the boat. ,25. Hie mee dysen ’sy vaatey.,
26. There’s a fine day in.,26. Ta laa braew ayn jiu.,
[NE: It’s a fine day.],,
27. A fine sunny day indeed.,27. Laa braew grianagh dy jarroo.,
28. It’s not cold at all.,28. Cha nel eh feayr edyr.,
29. Dost thou hear anything?,29. Vel oo clashtyn red erbee?,
[NE: Can / Do you hear anything?],,
30. I hear nothing.,30. Cha nel mee clashtyn veg.,
[NE: I can’t hear anything.],,
Lesson 6,,
"1. I was in Douglas yesterday, were you there?","1. Va mee ayns Doolish jea, row shiuish ayns shen?",
"2. No, I didn’t go far from home. (from the house).",2. Cha row. cha jagh mee foddey voish y thie.,
3. I went as far as Port Erin.,3. Hie mee choud as Purt Chiarn.,
4. Did you see Peggy in the Port?,4. Naik shiu Paaie 'sy phurt?,
"5. Yes, but I wasn·t speaking to her.","5. Honnick, agh cha row mee loayrt r’ee.",
6. I heard that she is courting.,6. Cheayll mee dy vel ee sooree.,
[NE: I heard she’s dating.],,
7. That’s true enough.,7. S’firrinagh dy liooar shen.,
8. She has a man at long last !,8. Ta dooinney eck fy-yerrey hoal!,
9. Who is he? Is he a Manxman?,9. Quoi eshyn? Nee· Manninagh eh?,
"10. Yes, a native Manxman from Bride Parish","10. She, Manninagh dooie veih Skylley Vride.",
11. I haven’t seen Peggy for many years.,11. Cha nel mee er n’akin Paaie rish ymmodee bleeantyn.,
"12. Tell me, does she look well?","12. Insh dou, vel ee jeeaghyn dy mie?",
13. As young and pretty as ever she was.,13. Cho aeg as bwaagh as v'ee rieau.,
"14. And her man, what does he do?","14. As y dooinney eck, c’red t’eh jannoo?",
"15. I don't know, but it’s likely he works on the land.","15. Cha ’sayms, agh s'likly t’eh gobbragh er y thalloo.",
"[NE: I don’t know, but he probably does farm work.]",,
"16. That’s fine, here’s health and good luck to them.",16. S’mie shen. Shoh slaynt as aigh vie orroo.,
17. Listen! Do you hear anything?,17. Eaisht! Vel oo clashtyn red erbee?,
18. Wasn’t there a knock on the door?,18. Nagh row crank er y dorrys?,
19. Go and look who it is.,19. Immee as jeeagh quoi t’ayn.,
[NE: Go and see who it is.],,
20. There’s no one at all here.,20. Cha nel peiagh erbee ayns shoh.,
[NE: There’s no one here at all.],,
Notes,,
"2. ‘foddey,’ can mean ‘far’ as regards distance, or ‘long’ in time.",,
"3, ‘choud as.’ or ‘choud’s,’ an abbreviation of ‘cho foddey as,’ usually translated ‘whilst,’ but also means, ‘as far as.’ or ‘as long as.’",,
5. ‘loayrt rish.’ Many Manx verbs require a different preposition to that used in English. and these should be noted carefully.,,
"8. ‘jerrey’ =end. finish. ‘fy-yerrey’ = ultimately. finally, at last. ‘hoal’ = over, beyond. Thus ‘fy-yerrey’ hoal’ = at long last.",,
"10. ‘Bride’, is sometimes written ‘Breeshey,’ with medial ‘sh’ pronounced as in ‘leisure’. .",,
"11. Note the idiomatic use of ‘rish’, meaning ‘for’, or ‘since' many years.",,
Lesson 7,,
1. What time is it Robert?,"1. Cre’n oor te, Rob? (cre’n traa te?)",
2. It’s nearly eight o’clock.,2. Te bunnys hoght er y chlag.,
3. Isn’t John awake yet?,3. Nagh vel Juan dooisht foast?,
"4. No, he’s fast asleep.","4. Cha nel, t’eh cadley trome.",
5. It’s quite time he was afoot.,5. Te lane traa v’eh er-chosh.,
[NE: It’s time he was up.],,
6.  He was too late going to bed.,6. V’eh ro anmagh goll dy lhie.,
7. Go and tell him it’s getting late.,7. Immee as insh da te gaase anmagh.,
"8. Make haste, John, aren’t you going to the fair (market) today?","8. Jean siyr, Yuan, nagh vel oo goll dys y vargey jiu?",
"[NE: Hurry up, John, aren’t you going to the market today?]",,
"9. Indeed yes, will you wait for me?","9. Dy jarroo ta, jean oo fuirraght rhym?",
"[NE: Yes, definitley, will you wait for me?]",,
"10. Good enough, but don’t be long.","10. Mie dy liooar, agh ny bee foddey,",
"[NE: Okay, but don’t be long.]",,
11. I’ll see thee on the bridge by the river.,11. Hee’m oo er y droghad rish yn awin.,
[NE: See you on the bridge by the river.],,
12. It was after after nine o’clock when John reached the bridge.,12. Ve lurg nuy er y chag tra raink Juan y droghad.,
"13. Thou art awful lazy, John boy.","13. T’ou uss litcheragh agglagh, Yuan bhoy.",
"[You’re awful lazy, John boy.]",,
14. What was that my grandmother used to say?,14. Cre shen  va  my  warree  cliaghtey gra?,
"15. “Lazy going to bed,","15. “Litcheragh goll dy lhie,",
Lazy getting up,"Litcheragh girree seose, ",
and lazy going to Church on Sunday.”,as Litcheragh goll dys y Cheeill Jydoonee.”,
16. Thou needn’t brag Robert.,"16. Cha lias dhyt jannoo froaish, Rob.",
"[NE: No need to brag, Rob.]",,
17. You were not too lively yesterday.,17. Cha row uss ro ghastey jea!,
[NE: You weren’t so smart yesterday],,
18. And you weren’t up before ten o’clock the day before yesterday.,18. As cha row uss er-chosh roish ieih er y chlag arroo-y-jea,
19. Lets not fall out about it. (because of it).,19. Ny  lhig  dooin  tuittym-magh  kyndagh rish.,
20. Don’t mention it. It’s finished with. (we are done with it).,"20. N’abbyr fockle, ta shin rey rish.",
Notes,,
"1. ‘traa’ =time, ‘oor’ = hour. (‘oor,’ as an adjective = fresh.) anther expression is ‘C’wooad er y chlag te?’ = How much on the clock is it?",,
"2. As there is no neuter gender in Manx, ‘t’eh’ can mean he is or it is, and ‘te’ is often used for ‘it is.’",,
Notes,,
"5. ‘er-chosh,’ a relic of the obsolete dative case, from ‘cass’ = a foot.",,
"6.‘dy  lhie,’ literally to lie (down).",,
7. Note the preposition 'da' with verb ‘insh.’,,
"9. Similarly, ‘rish’ with verb ‘fuirraght.’",,
11. ‘raink’ = reach or arrived. The only part of this verb now used in Manx.,,
"14. ‘mwarree,’ the familiar and colloquial word for grandmother. The ‘m-‘ is mutated after the possessive pronoun ‘my.’",,
"16. ‘S’lias dou,’  = I need to . . . . . . Many idioms of this kind occur in all Gaelic.",,
"17. ‘Lhig dou’ :=let me, allow me, ‘kyndagh rish’ =on account of.",,
"20. ‘Ny  abbyr’ = negative imperative, say not.",,
Lesson 8,,
1. Look who’s here! (Look who’s alive).,1. Jeeagh quoi ta bio! ,
"2. The man himself, Dannie Cain.","2. Yn dooinney-hene, Dannie Cain!",
3. It’s a long time since I saw thee. ,3. S’foddey neayr’s honnick mee uss.,
[NE: Long time no see.],,
4. What are you doing in Port St. Mary?,4. C’red t’ou uss jannoo ayns Purt le Moirrey?,
5. I am at the fishing this year.,5. Ta mish ec yn eeastagh mleeaney.,
[I’m participating in this year’s fishing (season).],,
6. We were working out off the Calf last night.,6. Va shin gobbragh mooie jeh’n Cholloo riyr.,
7. We came into the harbout about six o’clolck this morning.,7. Haink shin stiagh ayns y phurt mysh shey er y chlag moghrey jiu.,
8. Are there many fishing boats working?,8. Vel monney baatyn-eeastee gobbragh?,
9. There are only five Manx boats.,9. Cha nel agh queig baatyn Manninagh.,
10. Had you much herring? ,10. Row monney skeddan eu? Cha row.,
[NE: Do you catch many herrings?],,
No.,,
11. The herrings are scarce at present.,11. S’goan ta’n skeddan ec y traa t’ayn.,
,,
12. Wasn’t there a full moon last night?,12. Nagh row lane eayst ayn riyr?,
"13. Yes, that’s the reason we go nothing!","13. Va, shen yn oyr nagh dooar shin veg!",
"[NE: Yes, that’s why we didn’t get anything!]",,
14. Will you go out again this evening?,14. Jed shiu magh reesht fastyr jiu?,
"15. No, isn’t it Saturday.","15. Cha jed, nagh nee Jesarn t’ayn?",
"[NE: No, it’s Saturday, isn’t it.]",,
16. And tomorrow will be Sunday.,16. As bee laa ny vairagh Jydoonee,
[NE: And i’'s Sunday tomorrow.],,
17. No true Manxman ever went to work on the Sabbath.,17. Cha jagh rieau Manninagh dooie gys obbyr er y Ghoonaght.,
18. Do you intend going home to put a sight on them?,18. Vel shiu kiarail goll thie dy chur shilley orroo?,
[Do you intend to go home to see them?],,
"19. No, if all is well, we shall be in Ramsey this coming week.","19. Cha nel, my vees ooilley dy mie, beemayd ayns Rhumsaa sy chiaghtin shoh cheet.",
"[NE: No, if everything goes well, we’ll be in Ramsey next week.]",,
"20. If you’re not going home then, come and take dinner with us tomorrow.","20. Mannagh vel oo goll thie eisht, trooid as gow jinnair marin mairagh.",
"[NE: If you aren’t going home, come and have dinner with us tomorrow.]",,
"I will, thank you very much.","21. Nee’m, gur eh mie mooar eu.",
Notes on Lesson 8,,
"3. Could be translated, “How long it is since ...”",,
"5. ‘mleeaney,’ an example of eclipsis, as in Irish, ‘im bliadhna.’ (lit. = in the year.)",,
"6 ‘jeh,’ can mean both ‘of’ and ‘off.'",,
"7. Notice that in Manx, prepositions implying motion have a different form to that implymg rest, and also that two are required in Manx (magh ass y phurt = outwards out of the harbour.)",,
"8. ‘eeastee,’ the genitive form = of fishing (ollagh = cattle· thie-ollee cattle house.)",,
"10. ‘skeddan,’ generally considered as a collective noun, no plural required.",,
11. ‘ec  y traa t’ayn’ = at the time (that’s) in.,,
12. Adjectives generally follow the noun in Manx but sometimes are prefixed to form a compound word.,,
"13. ‘shen yn oyr’, or ‘shen y fa’ that’s the reason or cause. Hence the dialect expression, ‘that’s the for.’",,
"14. Future tenses of irregular verbs are difficult to memorise, and among native speakers one often hears, ‘jean oo cheet?’ for ‘jig oo?’ etc. This use of the future of Jannoo is usually accepted in colloquial Manx. Similarly in the subjunctive, ‘cha jinnagh eh clashtyn rhym.’ (He would not hear me.)",,
17. Doonaght = Sabbath; preposition and the def. article before a noun generally cause mutation.,,
18. Notice the idiom·for ‘going to visit.’,,
21. ‘gur eh mie mooar eu’ = may there be great good at you. The Irish use ‘míle’ = a thousand thanks.,,
Lesson 9.,,
1. Do you hear the children?,1. Vel shiu clashtyn rish [sic] ny paitchyn?,
[NE: Can you hear the kids?],,
2. They are shouting and calling to each other.,2. T’ad geamagh as gyllagh er y cheilley.,
3. They are coming out of school.,3. T’ad cheet magh ass y scoill.,
4. How great their joy to go home!,4. S’mooar ta’n boggey oc goll thie.,
[They’re really happy to go home!],,
5. Look how mischievious Robert is!,5. Jeeagh cho mitchooragh as ta Rob!,
6. Mischievious as was his father.,6. Mitchooragh myr va’n jishag echey.,
"[NE: Naughty, like his dad was.]",,
7. How happy are the days of youth! ,7. S’maynrey ta laghyn ny h-aegid.,
8. But they will never come back again.,8. Agh cha jig ad er-ash dy bragh.,
9. Will you come with me to the mountain?,9. Jig shiu maryms dys y clieau?,
10. Yes what lovely weather! (that’s in),"10. Hig, s’aalin ta’n emshir t’ayn.",
11. What road shall we take?,11. Cre’n raad gowee-mayd?,
[NE: What way will we go?],,
12. Let us take the high road.,12. Lhig dooin goaill y raad mooar.,
[NE: Let’s take the highway.],,
13. Do you see that thatched house?,13. Vel shiu fakin y thie-thooit shen?,
"14. Yes, who lives in it?","14. Ta, quoi ta baghey aynsyn?",
15. There’s no one living in it.,15. Cha nel peiagh erbee baghey aynsyn.,
16. It is only a ruin now.,16. Cha nel eh agh tholtan nish.,
17. There was an old woman dwelling there.,17. Va shenn ven cummal ayns shen.,
18. She had wonderfully good Manx.,18. Va gailck mie yindyssagh eck.,
19. She didn’t understand a word of English.,19. Cha ren ee toiggal fockle dy Vaarle .[1],".[1] Cha ren ee toiggal fockle dy Vaarle.] — the original Manx is ommitted from the book in error, but reconstructed here from the pronunciation guide and English version."
20. She would speak to her dog.,20. Yinnagh ee loayrt rish y moddey eck.,
21. The dog understood Manx then?,21. Va’n moddey toiggal y Ghailck eisht?,
"22. Yes. Indeed, he never heard the English language.","22. Va dy jarroo, cha geayll eh rieau y ghlare Vaarlagh.",
Notes on Lesson 9,,
"2. Verbs commencing with a vowel are preceeded by ‘g’ to form the verbal noun (infinitive). This is a relic of the Gaelic ‘aig’ (at). Note that the Manx idiom is to shout or call ‘on’, not ‘at’ or ‘to’ as in English. ‘Er y cheilley’ = literally, on his fellow.",,
5. ‘cho ... as’ equivalent to ‘as ... as’ in English.,,
7. When two vowels come together at the end of one and beginning of another word an ‘h’ is often inserted.,,
"8. In the Manx Bible the English word ‘back’ (adverb) is often found, although ‘er-ash’ gives the equivalent: ‘cheet er-ash = coming back, re-appearing.",,
"17. ‘cummal’ = holding, dwelling. Used either as noun or verbal noun.",,
Lesson 10,,
Revision Exercises for Oral Practice).,,
1. Who’s that at the door? ,1. Quoi shen ec y dorrys?,
"2. Is it thou, Ned? Come in.",2. Nee uss t’ayn Ned? Trooid stiagh.,
[NE: Is it you Ned? Come in.],,
3. Did you come from Ireland?,3. Daink shiu veih n’Erin?,
"4. No, who was saying that?","4. Cha daink, quoi va gra shen?",
"[NE: No, who said that?]",,
5. Did you see the newspaper tonight?,5. Naik shiu y phabyr-naight noght?,
"6. No, was there anything new in it?","6. Cha naik, row veg noa aynsyn?",
7. There was a new boat in Douglas.,7. Va baatey noa ayns Doolish.,
8. She came into the harbour last night.,8. Haink ee stiagh ’sy phurt riyr.,
9. She left at midday.,Ren ee faagail ec mun-laa.,
10. She will not be long away.,10. Cha bee ee foddey ersooyl.,
[NE: She won’t be gone for long.],,
11. Did you come from Douglas?,11. Daink shiuish veih Doolish?,
"12. No, I was in Ramsey.","12. Cha daink, va mish ayns Rhumsaa.",
13. Did you see Tom Mylchreest there?,13. Naik shiu Thom Mylchreest ayns shen?,
"14. Yes, he was buying a horse.","14. Honnick, v’eh kionnaghey cabbyl.",
15. Will you be home again tonight?,15. Bee shiu thie reesht noght?,
16. If all be well.,16. My vees ooilley dy mie.,
[NE: If everything goes well].,,
17. Were you at Tom Beg’s house?,17. Row shiu ec y [sic] thie Hom Beg?,
"18. Yes, but there was no one at home.","18. Va, agh cha row peiagh erbee sthie.",
19. Tom  was out in the boat.,19. Va thom mooie ’sy vaatey.,
20. Aren’t yonder boys from Ireland?,20. Nagh vel ny guillyn shid veih’n Erin?,
[NE: Aren’t those boys over there from Ireland?],,
"21. No, they are from Scotland.","21. Cha nel, t’ad voish ’n Albin.",
22. It’s looking like rain.,22. Te jeeaghyn rish fliaghey.,
23. It is not raining yet.,23. Cha nel eh ceau foast.,
24. Thou wilt not be long going home.,24. Cha bee oo foddey goll thie.,
[NE: You won’t be long going home.],,
"25. Once I was young, but now am old.","25. Keayrt va mee aeg, agh nish ta mee shenn.",
26. Once I had plenty but now I have nothing.,"26. Keayrt va palchey aym, agh nish cha nel veg.",
27. Wilt thou come tomorrow?,27. Jean oo cheet mairagh?,
"28. No, I’ve too much to do.","28. Cha jean, ta rouyr ayms dy yannoo.",
29. Let the work wait.,29. Lhig da’n obbyr fieau.,
"30. Time enough, and procrastination.",30. Traa dy liooar as lhiggey my hraa!,
"[NE: No hurry, and wasting my time.]",,
Lesson 11.,,
“UP AND DOWN”,,
"The student is ofen confused by the use of so many words in Gaelic to express 'up ' and ' down,' so perhaps the following notes, table and examples will help to explain the occasions on which the various forms are to be used.",,
"First of all, everything must be considered from the position of the speaker, that is, immobile above or below him, going up from him or coming down towards him, or going down from him, or coming up towards him from below.",,
"The termination - EESE means 'down': - EOSE means 'up,' and the initial ‘H’ implies rest or immobility, while ‘S’ or ‘SH’ implies motion to some place or position away from the speaker and the initial ‘N’ signifies motion from some place towards the speaker.",,
Consider now the following table :-,,
UP,EESE,
DOWN,EOSE,
REST,H,
Motion away from the speaker ,"S, SH",
Motion towards the speaker,N,
Down below.,Heese,
Downwards,Sheese,
"From down, up from below",Neese,
"up, above.",Heese,
upwards ,Seose,
"from up, down from above",Neose ,
1. Ned is up on the top of the cow-house.,1. Ta Ned heose er mullagh y thie-ollee.,
2. And Hal is down on the ground.,2. As ta Hal heese er y thalloo.,
"3. Said Hal, “What art thou doing up there?”","3. Dooyrt Hal, “C’red t’ou jannoo heose ayns· shen?”",
"[NE: Hal said, “What are you doing up there?”]",,
"4. Said Ned, “There's a hole in the thatch, come up and look at this Hal.”","Dooyrt Ned, ""ta  towl ayns y thoo, tar neese as jeeagh er shoh, Hal.”",
[NE: Ned said ...],,
"5. Hal went up, but it was cold.","5. Hie Hal seose, agh ve feayr",
6. He came down again to the ground.,"6. Haink eh neose, reesht gys y thalloo.",
7. He saw his mother down at the house.,7. Honnick eh y vummig echey heese ec y thie.,
8. She was calling him to come down to the house.,V’ee gyllagh er dy beet neose gys y thie.,
"9. Hal said to Ned, “I'm going down to get a drink.”",Dooyrt Hal rish Ned. “Ta mee goll sheese dy gheddyn jough,
"10. “Come down Ned, and we’ll go down together.”","“Tar neose, Ned, as hemmayd sheese dy cheilley.”",
Lesson 12,Lesson 12,
1. Did you ever go on the ‘quaaltagh’?,1. Ren shiu rieau goll er “Quaaltagh?”,
"2. Yes indeed, but alas!","2. Va dy jarroo, agh atreih!",
3. The Manx people don’t pay much heed to the old customs now.,3. Cha nel ny Manninee cur monney geill  da’n chenn chliaghtey nish.,
[NE: The Manx don’t pay follow the old customs now].,,
"4. Years ago, the young boys used to go (around) on the houses on Christmas Eve and New Year’s Day.","4. Bleeantyn er-dy-henney, b’oayllagh ny guillyn aegey goll er ny thieyn Oie’ll Voirrey as Laa ’n Ollick Beg.",
"5. At  the  door,  (a person) one would recite these words :",5. Ec y dorrys yinnagh peiagh aa-loayrt ny goan shoh :,
[NE: At the door you’d recite these words:],,
"6. A Merry Xmas on ye, and a very good year",6. “Ollick ghennal erriu as blein feer vie.,
7. Long life and health to the whole family.,"7. Seihll as slaynt da’n clane lught-thie,",
"8. Life and merriment living together,",8. Bea  as gennallys eu bio ry-cheilley,
[NE: (You) having life and cheer living together],,
9. Peace and love ’twixt women and men.,9. Shee as graih eddyr mraane as deiney,
[NE: Peace and love between women and men.],,
"10. Goods and wealth, stock and store,","10. Cooid as  cowryn, stock  as stoyr,",
"11. Plenty potatoes and herring enough,","11. Palchey phuddase as skeddan dy-liooar,",
"12. Bread and cheese, butter and beef,","12. Arran  as  caashey,  eeym  as roayrt.",
13. Death like a mouse in the corner of the barn;,"13. Baase myr lugh, ayns uhllin ny soalt;",
14. Sleeping safe when you’ll be in bed.,"14. Cadley sauchey tra vees shiu ny lhie,",
"15. And the tooth of the flea, may it not be good.”",15. As feeackle  y  jiargan  nagh bee dy mie.,
16. Then a dark-haired boy would be invited to enter the house.,16. Eisht veagh guilley lesh y kione dhoo cuirrit dy heet stiagh ayns y thie.,
"17. Drink and a bite of food were given him, the best they had in the house.",17. Va jough as greim dy vee currit da yn chooid share v’oc ayns y thie.,
"18. When they were drinking, the boy would say,","18. Tra v’ad giu, yiarragh y guilley:",
19. “Here’s health and peace and age of life.,"19. “Shoh slaynt as shee as eash dy vea,",
20. And happiness for ever.”,20. As maynrys son dy bragh.”,
Notes on Lesson 12,,
1. The custom and supersitions of ‘the first step’ are common to all Celtic peoples.,,
"2. “Oie’ll Voirrey,” (Colloquially pronounced eel verree) is an abbreviation of “Oie Feaill Voirrey,” (the night of, or before, the feast of Mary-Xmas Eve). The New Year festivities were known as the little Xmas.",,
"5. The prefix “aa” is equivalent to the Latin “re” = repetition, over again. “goan” is the plural of “goo” = Word, repute, fame, a saying.",,
"7. “seihll” = the world, and here means a person's lifetime in the world.",,
"9. “mraane,” the plural of “ben,” the r being strongly nasalised when spoken.",,
"10. “cowrey” = a sign, mark, omen, emblem, and the plural is “cowraghyn.” the form “cowryn” means emblems of prosperity, wealth.",,
"12. ‘roayrt’ = the flood tide, hence a great flow of anything. Beef was a great luxury in the hard times of long ago.",,
"“uhllin,” = elbow, corner, bend. The meaning here is doubtful, but perhaps that death will keep away and hide as the mouse in the barn.[2]",,"[2] [uhllin] = elbow, corner, bend. The meaning here is doubtful, but perhaps that death will keep away and hide as the mouse in the barn.[2]
uhllin] ‘an enclosure beside a farmhouse in which crops are stored’. In Anglo-Manx Dialect ‘a haggard’, here evidently mistaken for [uillin] ‘an elbow’."
"16. If by chance a fair-haired person should be first to enter on New Year's Day, it was a bad omen, and all the misfortunes of the following year would be heaped on his head",,
"Do not confuse “cuirrit” and “currit.” The former is from “cuirrey” to bid, invite, to sow (as corn) or to shoot (as the herring nets); the latter is from “cur,” to give or put.",,
"17. “jough” means drink of any  kind, but as home-brewed ale was once the main drink. it has come to means ale or beer. “greim dy vee,” “greim” = a bite grip, hold, or stitch. “vee” is from “bee” = food, victuals.",,
"This is the traditional Manx toast, used especially at weddings.",,
Lesson 13,,
"1. A Good New Year to thee, Alice.","1. Blein Vie Noa, dhyt, Ealish.",
[NE: Happy New Year Ealish.],,
"2. Thanks Robert, and the same to thee also.","2. Gur eh mie ayd, Rob, as shen dhyts neesht.",
"[NE: Thanks Robert, and the same to you too.]",,
3. Every good wish for health and happiness throughout the coming year.,3. Dy chooilley yeearree mie son slaynt as maynrys car ny bleeaney shoh cheet.,
4. The New Year is promising well.,4. Ta’n Vlein Noa gialdyn dy-mie.,
5. There’s fine weather now anyway.,5. Ta emshir braew ayn nish ansherbee.,
6. Have you made any resolutions for the New Year? (good intentions),6. Vel shiu er n’yannoo kiarailyn mie erbee son y Vlein Noa?,
7. Have you promised anything?,7. Vel shiuish er ghialdyn veg?,
8. I intend to give up tobacco.,8. Ta mee kiarail dy chur seose thombaghey.,
"9. That’s fine, but I’m afraid of thee, Rob.","9. S’mie shen, agh ta mee goaill aggle jeed, Rob.",
"[NE: That’s fine but I doubt you will, Rob.]",,
"10. It’s easy to promise, but easier to forget.",10. S’aashagh dy ghialdyn agh ny sassey dy yarrood.,
"11. A promise is like and egg-shell, made to be broken.","11. Ta gialdyn gollrish bleayst-ooh, jeant dy ve brisht",
"12. Not at all, I will not believe that.","12. Cha nee edyr, cha jeanym credjal shen.",
"13. For myself, I wouldn’t promise that (which) I couldn’t do.","13. Er my hon-hene, cha jinnin gialdyn shen nagh voddin jannoo.",
14. That’s enough for me. Alice! I’ll promise nothing.,14. S’liooar dou shen Ealish cha jeanyms gialdyn veg.,
15. Where’s my pipe and tobacco?,15. C’raad ta my phoid as thombagey?,
16. Shame on thee Robert!,16. Nearey ort Rob!,
[NE: Shame on you Robert!],,
"17. Did you have a good Christmas, Alice?","17. Row’n Ollick Vie eu, Ealish?",
"18. Very good, but there wasn’t a much peace in our house.","18. Feer vie, agh cha row monney shee ’sy thie ainyn.",
"19. There would be plenty at thee to do, I’m thinking.","19. Veagh palchey ayds dy yannoo, er-lhiam.",
"[NE: You’d have plenty to do, I’d say.]",,
20. I don’t mind the work.,20. S’cummey lhiams yn obbyr.,
21. What would Christmas be like without a family and friends to visit us?,21. Cre gollrish veagh yn Ollick fegooish cloan as caarjyn dy chur shilley orrin?,
Notes on Lesson 13,,
"2. ‘shen dhyts’ = that to thee, ‘yn lheid cheddin’ = the same, the very same, of the same kind.",,
"3. ‘car’ = a turn, twist, a turn round. Hence ‘car ny bleeaney,’ the full cycle of the year. ‘car y touree’ all the summer, ‘car y voghrey’ all the morning.",,
"5. ‘ansherbee,’ a colloquialism for ‘aght erbee,’ anyhow, any way, in any manner.",,
"8. ‘kiarail’ = care, forethought, purpose, design. ‘seose,’ pronounced either sohss or sooss.",,
"9. ‘afraid of thee,’ implying a doubt.",,
"10. ‘aashagh,’ ‘ny sassey.’ A number of adjectives in Manx are irregular in the formation of the comparat",,
"11. ‘gollrish’ literally ‘going unto,’ for ease of speech, the ‘ll’ is slurred.",,
12. ‘credjal’ sometimes written as spoken ‘cra’al’.,,
"13. ‘son’ or ‘er son’ = for, and when used with the personal possessive pronouns, they come between, ‘er dty hon,’ for thee ‘er e hon,’ for him, ‘er e son,’ for her, etc.",,
"14. ‘s’liooar’ dou’ = enough for me, but ‘s’liooar lhiam’ = enough with me, meaning ‘I can hardly think it’.",,
"19. ‘er-lhiam,’ a peculiar Gaelic idiom, meaning, ‘I suppose, think, in my opinion’.",,
Lesson 14,,
"1. There’s foul weather today, isn’t there?","1. Ta drogh-earish ayn jiu, nagh vel?",
"[NE: The weather is terrible today, isn’t it?]",,
"2. Yes indeed, wet and squally.","2. Ta dy jarroo, fliugh as rastagh.",
3. What a terrible night it was last night too!,3. S’atchimagh va’n oie riyr.,
4. It was blowing hard all night long!,4. Ve sheidey creoi fud ny h-oie.,
5. I hadn’t much sleep.,5. Cha row monney cadley ayms.,
[NE: I didn’t get much sleep.],,
6. Our house was all a-tremble.,6. Va’n thie ain ooilley er-craa.,
[NE: Our house was shaking.],,
7. And there was a lot of rain too.,7. As va ram fliaghey jeant neesht.,
8. It was raining heavy all day long.,8. Ve ceau trome feiy’n laa.,
9. We are not done with it either.,9. Cha nel shin rey rish noadyr.,
10. The glass is still falling [NE: The atmospheric pressure is still falling] and the wind getting up again.,"10. Ta’n gless tuittym foast, as ta’n gheay girree reesht.",
11. The sky is threatening for a full gale.,11. Ta’n aer baggyrt rish dorrin. ,
12. And after that more rain.,12. As lurg shen tooilley fliaghey!,
13. Look at yonder clouds!,13. Jeeagh er ny bodjallyn shid!,
[NE: Look at those clouds over there!],,
14. As black and dark as the night itself!,14. Cho dhoo as dorraghey as yn oie-hene.,
15. When might we hope for a change?,15. Cuin oddysmayd jerkal rish caghlaa? ,
16. There will not be a change for another week.,16. Cha bee caghlaa son shiaghtin elley.,
17. Did you see the boat coming in today?,17. Naik shiu y baatey cheet stiagh jiu?,
"18. Yes, and she had an awful trip.","18. Honnick, as va turrys agglagh eck.",
19. The sea was raging and big waves coming in on the shore.,19. Va’n cheayn freayney as tonnyn mooarey cheet er y traie.,
20. I’m glad that the boat has arrived in safety.,20. S’mie lhiam dy vel y baatey er roshtyn ayns sauchys.,
Notes on Lesson 14,,
"1. Both ‘earish’ and ‘emshir’ mean ‘weather time, period, season,’ but one generally hears earish used for bad weather and emshir for fine weather.",,
"2. ‘rastagh’ = boisterous, wild, and can be applied to a person meaning ‘uncouth,’ or rough.",,
"4. ‘fud’ =throughout, all through. ‘fud ny h-oie’ = literally, the through of the night.",,
6. ‘er-craue’ or ‘er-craa.’ Many such idioms occur in Manx.,,
"8. ‘feiy,’ can mean a ‘fathom,’ a large measurement, so ‘feiy’n laa’ might mean ‘the full measure of the day.’ Notice ‘fud ny h-oie’ but ‘feiy’n laa.’",,
"9. ‘noadyr’ = neither, not either. Notice the double negative ‘Cha nel ...... noadyr.’ In the dialect Manx one sometimes hears ‘nor me nither’ (neither). •",,
"10. ‘gless’ = ‘gless-earish,’ the barometer.",,
"11. ‘dorrin’ = a tempest, a hard blow of wind.",,
"12. ‘toilley’ = more besides, a flood. •",,
"20. ‘S’mie lhiam.’ = ‘Tis good with me, I like, I am glad.’",,
Lesson 15,,
"1. Is dinner ready yet, my dear?","1. Vel jinnair aarloo foast, y chree?",
"2. Yes, art thou alone?","2. Ta, vel oo dty lomarcan?",
"3. No, Jim Quine is here.","3. Cha nel, ta Jem Quine ayns shoh.",
4. He was working with us all the morning.,4. V’eh gobbragh marin car y voghrey.,
5. Is there anything in the pot for him?,5. Vel red ennagh ’sy phot er y hon?,
"6. Of course there is, and you’re welcome Jim.","6. Dy jarroo ta, as failt erriu, Jem.",
"7. Sit down here, art thou hungry?","7. Soie sheese ayns shoh, vel oo gaccrys?",
"8. I’m very hungry, thank you.","8. Ta accrys mooar orrym, gur eh mie eu.",
"9. That’s fine, get your fill then.","9. S’mie shen, goe dty haie eisht.",
"10. There’s fine big herring at you, Mistress Cannell.","10. Ta skeddan braew moarey eu, Venainstyr Cannell.",
"11. Yes, I got them from the fish-hawker this morning.","11. Ta, hooar mee ad voish yn cadjer moghrey jiu.",
12. Have you got the ‘stock’ put down yet?,12. Vel yn sthock currit sheese eu foast?,
"13. No, but we must do it shortly.","13. Cha nel, agh shegin dooin jannoo eh dy gherrit.",
14. Hal Mooar was telling me that a few fishing boats were already gone (away).,14. Va Hal Mooar ginsh dou dy row kuse dy vaatyn-eeastee hannah ersooyl.,
"15. How’s the old rascal, Big Hal?","15. Crenaght ta’n shenn riftan, Hal Mooar?",
"16. Och, his talkig annoys me.","16. Och, ta’n taggloo echeysyn cur y drogh orryms.",
17. How? (Why?) Was he going and grumbling?,17. Cammah? Row eh goll as gaccan?,
"18. He was complaining about everything,",18. V’eh gaccan mysh dy chooilley nhee.,
19. There was never much ‘rick’ on him.,19. Cha row rieau monney rick er.,
20. He would never work if he could get along (by) without it.,20. Cha jinnagh eh rieau gobbragh my oddys eh cosney shaghey fegooish.,
Notes on Lesson 15,,
‘y chree.’ The ‘y’ is the sign of the vocative case ‘cree’ = heart and used here as a term of endearment,,
"‘lomarcan’ must have the necessary  possesive pronoun before it, my , dty , ny , etc.",,
"6; ‘failt ort,’ (‘failt erriu,’ = Welcome! Another expression, ‘Shee dty vea,’ (nyn mea). In Scots Gaelic ’S e do bheatha; so ‘shee’ is probably a corruption of ‘she dty vea’ (’Tis thy life)",,
"7., 8. ‘accrys’ = hunger. Many nouns are used colloquially as verbs, but ‘ta  accrys orrym’ is a more literary form.",,
"9. saie, = sufficiency, satiety.",,
"12. ‘stock,’ the stock of herring salted down in a barrel!",,
"13. ‘Segin dou’ = I must. Compound of ‘she,’ (’tis) and ‘egin,’ (force, compulsion) and the prepositional pronoun ‘dou’,(to me) ‘dhyt’, ‘da’, etc.",,
"15. ‘riftanyn,’ the plural form = a mob, a rabble.",,
"16. ‘cur Y drogh er’ = putting the  bad on, making one mad, vexing.",,
"17. ‘cammah’, usually means ‘why, for what reason,’ Yet in Scots Gaelic it means ‘how?’, as ‘Ciamar a tha sibh?’ (How are you) This may bethe explanation of ‘how?’ being used in the dialect for ‘why?’",,
"19. ‘rick’, reason, determination, steadmess of character, reliability.",,
"20. ‘fegooish’. A, more literary form is ‘n’egooish,’ a similar construction to lomarcan, (Note 2). ‘m’egooish,’ without me, ‘dt’egooish,’ without thee, n’egooish,’ without him or without it. ‘cosney’ = gain profit, get, attain, win, earn.",,
Lesson 16.,,
"1. Have you any Manx yet, Thom?","1. Vel Gailck erbee eu foast, Hom?",
"[NE: Have you learnt any Manx yet, Tom?]",,
"2. Not much, but I’m making progress.",2. Cha nel monney agh t’eh cheet lhiam.,
3. I am glad to hear that.,3. Ta mee goaill boggey clashtyn shen.,
4. Get hold of it whilst you have the chance.,4. Gow greim urree choud’s ta’n chaa eu.,
"5. I'll do my best, anyway.","5. Neem my chooid share, ansherbee.",
6. I am going to the class this year.,6. Ta mee goll dys y vrastyl mleeaney.,
"7. It's marvellous the Manx you have, Dan.","7. S’yindyssagh y Ghailck t’euish, Dan.",
8. I wouldn't say that at all.,8. Cha n’yiarrins shen edyr.,
9. I'm only a learner like yourself.,9. Cha nel mish agh ynseydagh gollrhyt-hene.,
10. O that I were a scholar such as you.,10. O dy beigns scoilliar yn lheid euish!,
"11. There was plenty spoken in my youth,","11. Va palchey goll er loayrt ayns m’aegid,",
12. but I didn't pay much heed to it.,12. agh cha dug mee monney geill jee.,
13. My grandma and grand-dad would converse in Manx all day long.,13. Yinnagh my warree as my yishag wooar taggloo ry-cheilley ’sy Ghailck feiy’n laa.,
14. But I never got leave to learn it.,14. Agh cha row kied ayms gynsagh ee.,
"15. “Put away that book,” they would say.","15. “Cur ersooyl yn lioar shen,” yiarragh ad.",
16. “It will never earn a penny for you.”,16. “Cha jean ee dy bragh cosney ping er-dty-hon.”,
17. I had no idea (notion) that the old Manxfolk despised the Gaelic. •,17. Cha row eie erbee ayms dy row ny shenn Vanninee soiagh beg jeh’n Ghailck,
"18. “Tis worth nothing, the Manx, let it die,” they were saying sometimes.",18. “Cha n’eeu veg ta’n Ghailck. lhig j’ee geddyn baase.” v’ad gra ny-cheayrtyn.,
19.  Where did you get the Manx from then?,19. Cre voish hooar shiu y Ghailck eisht?,
"20. From the old Manxmen on the fishingboats, seventy years ago.","20. Veih ny shenn Vanninee er ny baatyn-eeastee, jeih bleeaney as tree feed er-dy-henney.",
Notes on Lesson 16,,
"2. ‘cheet lhiam,’ lit. ‘coming with me,’ = I am prospering, getting on [NE: I am managing to]",,
"3. ‘goaill boggey,’ lit. ‘taking joy,’ an idiom still sometimes heard in the dialect.",,
"5. ‘my chooid share.’ The Manx requires the noun ‘cooid,’ difficult to define exactly in English. It can mean, ‘goods, wealth, furniture a thing, merchandise, etc.’ [NE; an amount] ‘cooid-vooar’ = much, a great deal. ‘cooid hraie,’ = anything washed up on the beach.",,
"9. ‘gollrish’ = like, like him. ‘gollrhym’ = like me, and similarly for gollrhym-pene, like myself.",,
"10. ‘veign,’ ‘veagh oo,’ = I would, or might be, thou woulds't be. etc. The form ‘dy beign,’ ‘dy beagh oo,’ etc. is sometimes called the conditional future with the meaning, ‘if I might be, that I were, if thou shouldst be, etc.’",,
"11. Note the idiom, ‘going on speaking.’",,
"13. ‘ry-cheilley,’ = one to the other. ‘fud-y-cheilley’ = through the other, confused.",,
"14. ‘kied,’ =leave, permission, liberty.",,
"17. ‘eie,’ = idea, notion, and in another idiom, “Cren eie t’ayd er shoh?” = What have you to do with this, what business is this of yours?  ‘eie,’ as a verb = call, shout. ‘D’eie ad magh,’ = they called out.",,
"17. ‘soie, soiaghey’ = to place, set, sit, fix, etc. ‘soiaghey mooar jeh’ = to set a great deal by, to esteem, to think a lot of. ‘soiaghey beg jeh’ = set at nought, despise, think little of.",,
"18. ‘feeu’ = worth, worthy. When combined with the verb ‘she,’ the ’f is dropped, so we get “Sh’eeu eh,” = ’tis worth, “Cha n’eeu eh,’ = ‘tis not worth’. Notice the idiom for ‘dying,’ (finding, or getting death).",,
"20. ‘blein’ = a year, plural ‘bleeantyn,’ but ‘bleeaney’ is often used, although it is actually the genitive singular.",,
Lesson 17,,
1. There was a Manx Service in the Church this last Sunday.,1. Va Shirveish Ghailckagh ’sy Cheeill Jydoonee shoh chaie.,
"2. Everything was done in the mother-tongue without a word of English,","2. Va dy chooilley nhee jeant ayns chengey ny mayrey, dyn fockle dy Vaarle.",
3 ’Tis all Manx that was heard in the churches in the old times.,3. She ooilley Gailck va ry­chlashtyn ayns ny kialteenyn ’sy chenn earish.,
4. Many’s the time in my youth I heard Phil Tim praying in our Chapel.,4. Shimmey keayrt ayns m’aegid cheayll mee Phil Tim goaill padjer ’sy chabbal ain.,
"5. He would begin in English, but after a while he would have to stop.",5. Yinnagh eh goaill toshiaght ’sy Vaarle agh lurg tammylt b’egin da scuirr.,
6. Then he would continue inManx.,6. Eisht yinnagh eh goll er e hoshiaght ’sy Ghailck.,
"7. The Manx was his own native language, but the English was strange to him.","7. Va’n Ghailck e ghlare ghooie­ hene, agh va’n Vaarle ny ghlare yoarree da.",
,,
8. Wilt thou recite the Lord’s Prayer for me?,8. Jean oo fockley-magh Padjer y Chiarn er my hon?,
"9. I will, if I haven’t forgotten it.","9. Neem, mannagh vel ee jarroodit aym.",
"10. Fathr at us who is in Heaven, holy be Thy name,","10. “Ayr ain t’ayns Niau, casherick dy row Dt’ennym, ",
"11. May Thy kingdom come,","11. “Dy jig Dty reeriaght,",
12. Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven.,"12. “Dt’aigney dy row jeant er y thalloo myr te ayns Niau,",
13. Give us our bread today and each day.,"13. “Cur dooin nyn arran jiu as gagh laa,",
14. And forgive to us our sins as we are forgiving to those who do wrongs against us.,14. “As leih dooin nyn loghtyn myr ta shin leih dauesyn ta jannoo loghtyn nyn’oi.,
15. And lead not us into temptation,"15. “As ny leeid shin ayns miolagh,",
"16. But deliver us from evil,",16. “Agh livrey shin veih olk;,
"17. For with Thee (is) the kingdom, and the power, and the glory,","17. “Son Lhiats y reeriaght, as y Phooar as y Ghloyr;",
"[NE: For thine (yours) is the kingdom, the power, and the glory,]",,
18. For ever and ever. Amen.,18. “Son dy bragh as dy bragh. Amen.,
"19. Thank you, that was wonderful.","19. Gur eh mie eu, va shen yindyssagh.",
20. I must learn and remember that.,20. Shegin dou gynsagh as cooinaght er shen.,
Notes on Lesson 17,,
"1. “chaie” This word appears to be identical with “hie,” the past tense of “goll,” and in Scots gaelic it is “chaidh,” for both, with the meaning ‘that which has gone.’",,
"2. “mayrey” is the genitive case of moir = mother.  dyn or  gyn = without, and also can mean not to, ‘Ve inshit dou dyn dy yannoo eh, (I was told not to do it.).",,
3. Notice the irregular plural of keeill.,,
"4. “Shimmey,” = she + immey, which Dr. Kelly gives as the comparative of “ymmodee.” ",,
"5. 6. ‘toshiaght,’ = beginning, commencement, the bow of a ship, etc., ‘toshiagh’ =a  leader. chieftain, as in Eire the Prime Minister is known as “an Toiseach.” goaill toshiaght = take a begmmng, commence, goll er e hoshiaght = going forward, prospering. cur er e hoshiaght = put forward, promote.",,
"7. ‘dooie’ = kind. good-natured, friendly, courteous, patriotic. It can also mean natural, true-born [NE; native]. (Manninagh dooie.)",,
"8. “fockley magh,” = proclaim, promulgate, utter, express, declare, speak. etc. The Speaker of the Keys is known as ‘Fockleyder ny Kiare as Feed.’ (the twenty four.).",,
"17. Idiomatically ‘lesh’ is used to denote possession: Quoi s’lesh yn lioar? Ta’n lioar ec Tom, agh she lhiams ee. (Whose is the book? Tom has the book,  but it is mine.)",,
"20. ‘ynsagh’ = learning and teaching. ‘cooinaght-yn.’ The termination -yn is often omitted in spoken Manx. Notice the preposition er with ‘cooinaght.’ There is a more idiomatic way of saying ‘I remember.’ —S'cooin lhiam, · (’tis a memory with me).",,
Lesson 18,,
"1. Is ‘'himself’ at home, Mrs. Watterson?","1. Vel eh-hene sthie, Venainster Kodeyre?",
"2. No, but he won't be long.","2. Cha nel, agh cha bee eh foddey.",
"3. Come in and sit down, William.","3. Trooid stiagh as soie sheese, Illiam. .",
"4. Have you had tea, dear fellow (man)?","4. Vel shiu lesh tey, ghooinney veen?",
"5. Yes, thank you, I got a bite of food in Laxey.","5. Ta, gur eh mie eu, hooar mee greim dy vee ayns Laksaa.",
6. Will you not take another cup? ,6. Nagh yiow shiu cappan elley?,
"7. Very well, I have an awful thirst.","7. Mie dy liooar, ta paays agglagh orrym.",
8. Do you take sugar? One or two?,8. Vel shiu goaill shugyr? Nane ny jees?,
.,,
"9. Two if you please, I have a sweet tooth","9. Jees, my sailliu, ta feeackle villish aym.",
10. I was doing without it for years.,10. Va mee jannoo n’egooish rish bleeantyn.,
"11. But there’s plenty to be got now, and· I am taking my fill.","11. Agh ta palchey ry-gheddyn nish, as ta mee goaill my haie.",
12. I see that you were baking today!,12. S’leayr dou dy row shiu fuinney jiu!,
"13. You’re right, do you smell it?",13. Ta shiu kiart. Vel shiu soaral eh?,
14. There’s a good sweet smell in the house.,14. Ta soar mie millish ’sy thie.,
"15. I have to make bread, soda­cake and ‘bonnag’ twice in the week.","15. Shegin dou jannoo arran, soddag as bonnag daa cheayrt ’sy chiaghtin.",
16. Won't you take a soda-cake and fresh butter?,16. Nagh gow shiu soddag as eeym oor?,
"17. I will, with pleasure, I love it.","17. Gowym lesh taitnys, s’mie lhiam eh.",
18. I am very much obliged to you.,18. Ta mee mooarane kianglt booise diu.,
19. I believe that ‘himself’ is coming now.,19. Ta mee cra’al dy vel eh-hene cheet nish.,
"20. Good evening, Wiilie,I see you have your feet under the table! That’s good!","20. Fastyr mie, Illiam, ta mee fakin dy vel dty chassyn fo’n voayrd! S’mie shen!",
"21. As my grandfather would say, ",21. Myr yiarragh my yishag vooar,
22. “Give a piece to the raven and he’ll come again.”,22. “Cur meer da’n feeagh as hig eh reesht.”,
"1. ‘himself,’ = the man of the  house.",,
"4. Note the idiom, “Are you with tea?”",,
"7. ‘paays,’ ·the noun, ‘paagh,’ or colloquially ‘paa,’  the  adjective, thirsty, parched. One might say ‘ta mee paa agglagh’ instead of saying ‘ta paays agglagh orrym’.",,
"9. ’my sailliu,’ There is an old Gaelic word ‘aill’ meaning, ‘will, desire, pleasure, etc.,’ hence ’saillym’ = she +aill + lhiam, (‘Tis a wish with me, ’tis my pleasure, etc). Similarly with all the personal pronouns. sailt, saillish, saill’ee, saillhien, sailliu, saillhieu. In the Manx Prayer Book, the questions in the marriage service are given as ‘Nailt?’ (Wilt thou have .... etc.) But the answer is wrongly given as ‘Neem,’ which ought to be ‘Saillym.’",,
"12. ’s leayr, ‘leayr’ = clear, evident, obvious. Hence s’leayr dou =  ’tis clear to me, I see, perceive, etc.",,
"15. ‘bonnag’ is the same as the Scots, ‘bannach’ or ‘bonnach.’ a flat cake. .",,
"There are many expressions in Gaelic for ‘I like, I love,’ etc. S’mie lhiam, ’tis good with me; S’laik lhiam, ’tis a liking with me; S’taittin lhiam, ’tis a delight with me. Love = graih. ‘I love ... ‘ = ’ta graih aym er ... ‘ or ‘ta mee graihagh er.’",,
"18. Literally, ‘I am much bound in thanks to you.’ the word ‘kianglt’ is pronounced with the ‘n’ strongly nasalised.",,
"19. ‘cra’al,’ a colloquialism. for 'credjal.'",,
"22. A Manx proverb. (The raven being a voracious bird, hence ravenous.'",,
Lesson 19,,
"1. Whose is the dog you have, Phil?","1. Quoi s’lesh yn moddey t’ayd, Phil?",
"2. He is mine, my own dog.",2. S'lhiams eh; my voddey hene.,
3. His head is growing grey.,3. Ta’n chione echey g’aase lheeah.,
"4. Yes, like myself, he’s going downhill.","4. Ta, gollrhym-pene, t’eh goll",
5. He has no teeth and he’s nearly blind.,5. Cha nel feeacklyn echey as t’eh bunnys doal.,
6. But I haven’t the heart to put him away.,6. Agh cha nel y chree aym dy chur ersooyl eh.,
"7. I can understand that, a good dog is a true friend.",7. Foddym toiggal shen; ta moddey mie ny charrey firrinagh,
8. Many a time ‘Prince’ has brought me home through storm and darkness.,8. Shymmey keayrt ta ‘Prince’ er chur lesh thie mish trooid sterrym as dorraghys.,
"9. And in the snow too, when I might have been lost.",9. As ’sy sniaghtey neesht tra oddins er ve caillt.,
"10. I see that you have a hound, Sam.","10. Ta mee fakin dy vel coo euish, Sam.",
11. I don’t reckon much of dogs of that kind. (the like of that.),11. Cha nel mee coontey money jeh moddee yn lheid shen.,
12. Cammah eisht? T’eh mie er­bastal son conning.,12. Why then? He is exceptionally good for a rabbit.,
,[NE: He is exceptionally good at catching rabbits.],
"13. Maybe he is, but I prefer a dog for the sheep and the cattle.",13. Foddee dy vel; agh share lhiam moddey son ny kirree as yn ollagh.,
14. My own dog is intelligent and well-trained.,14. Ta’ n moddey aym-pene tushtagh as mie-ynsit.,
15. I got him from Scotland he was a pup.,"15. Hooar mee eh voish n’Albin, as eshyn ny whallian.",
16. V’eh gobbragh da bochilley ayns shen.,16. He was working for a shepherd there.,
17. Cha b’aillish y bochilley lhiggey yn raad da.,17. The shepherd did not wish to 1et him go.,
18. He was hoping to enter him for the ‘National Trials.’,18. Ve jerkal cur stiagh eh son ny Prowallyn Ashoonagh.,
"19. We’d better be moving Sam, it’s getting dark.","19. B’are dooin ve gleashagh, Sam, te tuittym dorraghey.",
"20. As bee frass ain dy gerrid, er­lhiam.","20. And we’ll have a shower shortly, I’m thinking.",
Lesson 20,,
1. I’m glad to meet thee my friend.,"1. S’mie lhiam cheet dty whaiyl, y charrey.",
"[NE: Glad to meet you, friend.]",,
2. I heard that you had the ’flu.,2. Cheayll mee dy row yn murrain ort.,
3. That was a few days ago.,"3. O, va shen kuse dy laghyn er dy henney.",
"4. I’m getting over it, and getting better and stronger each day.","4. Ta mee couyral nish, as g’aase ny share as ny stroshey dagh laa.",
5. Aren’t you working for John Robin?,5. Nagh vel hiu gobbragh da Juan Robin?,
6. Cha nel obbyr ry-gheddyn ec y traa t’ayn.,6. There’s no work to be found at present.,
7. I’ve been idle for three weeks,7. Ta mee er ve my haaue rish tree shiaghtin.,
,,
8. It’s scandalous — Hundreds of men and no work at them to do.,8. She scammyltagh eh — keeadyn dy gheiney gyn  obbyr oc dy yannoo.,
"9. Yes, but I’ll not stand it any longer.",9. She agh cha jeanyms shassoo eh ny sodjey.,
10. What do you intend to do then?,10. C’red t’ou kiarail dy yannoo eisht?,
11. I intend to go over the water.·,11. Te foym goll harrish yn ushtey.,
"12. To England? No, to Canada.","12. Dys Sostyn? Cha nee, dys Canada.",
God bless me! That’s a long way.,13. Shee bannee mee! S’foddey yn cheer shen.,
14. Perhaps we shall not see thee any more!,14. Foddee nagh vaikmayd arragh oo!,
[NE: We might never see you again!],,
"15. Don’t say that, I’ll come back to the Isle of Man some day.","15. N’abbyr shen, higyms er-ash gys Ellan Vannin laa ennagh.",
16. As soon as I shall have enough money.,16. Cho leah as vees argid dy liooar aym.,
17. Alas. I am grieved that we’ll have no ‘cooish’ in the days to come.,"17. Atreih, s’doogh lhiam nagh bee cooish ain ’sy traa ry-heet.",
"18. But my heart and my good wishes go with thee, dear fellow.","18. Agh ta my chree as my yeearreeyn mie goll mayrts, ghooinney veen.",
19. Good luck to thee and prosperity in the new country.,"19. Aigh vie ort, as sonnys ort ’sy cheer noa!",
"20. Don’t take on like that, I’m not about to die!","20. Ny gow er ’syn aght shen, cha nel mee er-chee geddyn baase!",
"[NE: Don’t fuss like that, I’m not about to die!]",,
21. Higmayd nyn guaiyl reesht roish my hedyms roym,21. We’ll meet again before I go away.,
Notes on Lesson 20,,
"1.  ‘coming in one’s meeting’. Note the possessive pronoun for each person; ‘... my whaiyl (meeting me) ‘ny whaiyl,’ (meeting him.) ‘... ny quaiy1, (meeting her.) and ‘... nyn guaiyl’ (meeting us you or them.) ",,
"2. ‘murrain,’ or ‘murran,’ a plague or contagious illness of any kind.",,
"4. ‘couyral,’ convalescing, improving. Is this from the English ‘re-covering’?",,
5. Note the preposition ‘da.’,,
"7. ‘taaue,’ = idle, indolent, still, quiet, motionless, etc.",,
"9. ‘ny sodjey,’ the comparative degree of ‘foddey,’ = longer, further.",,
"11. ‘te fo,’ = ’tis under him, he has a mind to, intends.",,
"12. When a question is asked without giving a definite verb and tense ‘cha nee’ may be used for ‘No,’ and ‘She,’ for ‘Yes.’",,
"13. ‘Shee’ = ‘Peace,’ but in this expression ‘shee’ is probably a corruption of Jee =  God. The Manx people were reluctant to use the name of the Holy One.",,
"19. ‘sonnys,’ = abunctance, plenty, good fortune, etc.; as opposed to ‘donnys’, = malady, disease, sickness, ill fortune.",,
"20. ‘er-chee’ = about to, having the intention of, aiming to.",,
21. Note the ‘my’ after ‘roish’. This appears to be peculiar to certain tenses when ‘before’ is used with a verb. Sometimes the ‘roish’ is omitted and only ‘my’ used to express ‘before.’,,
APPENDIX 1,,
Idiomatic phrases compounded with the assertive verb ‘she’ and the prepositional pronouns ‘lesh’ and ‘da’.,,
If you please.  ,My sailliu. ,
Wilt thou?,Nailt? ,
I do not wish.,"Cha naillym, ",
"We were. or would, be pleased.","Baillien,  ",
"T’is little with me, = I despise","S’beg lhiam, lhiat, lesh etc: . ",
"T’is right for me, I ought to.","S'cair dou, dhyt, da, etc.",
"T’was right for me, I ought to have.","By chair dou,",
"T’is a memory with me, = I remember.","S'cooin lhlam, lhiat, etc.",
He does not remember.,"Cha gooin lesh,",
Dost thou not remember?,Nagh gooin lhiat?,
We remembered.,"By chooinee  lhien,  ",
"T’is indifferent to me, = It is no  affair of mine.","S’cummey dou, dhyt, etc. ",
"T’is indifferent with me, =  I don’t care.","S’cummey lhiam, lhiat, lesh, etc.",
He didn’t care.,"By gummey lesh,",
,,
"T’is melancholy with me, =  I am sorry, grieved. sad.","S’doogh lhiam, lesh, Ihlen. etc.",
,,
T’is better for me. I had better. ,"Share dou, dhyt. da, etc. ",
"Better with me, = I prefer.","Share lhiam, lhiat, etc.",
"I would prefer, I would rather",B’are lhiam.,
Dost thou prefer?,Nhare lhiat?,
"T'is worth with me, = I think it worth while.","Sheeu lhiam, or S’feeu lhiam,",
I don’t think it worth while.,"Cha neeu lhiam,",
Would it be worth your while to do it?,B’eeu dhyt y yannoo eh?,
T’is compulsion to me. = I must.,"Shegin dou, dhyt. da, etc.",
Thou must not ... .,Cha nhegin dhyt ... .,
[NE: You mustn’t ... .],,
Must we?,Nhegin dooin?,
[NE: Do we have to?],,
"I had to, I was compelled to.","B’egin dou, / Beign dou.",
"T'is knowledge, acquaintance, recognition to me. I know, (for certain),","Shione dou. dhyt, da, etc.",
Don’t you know?,Nagh nhione dhyt?,
I didn’t know.,"Cha b’ione dou,",
Many a ... Not many,Shimmey ... Cha nhimmey ,
"I like very much, I dearly love","Shynney lhiam, lhiat, lesh, etc.",
He does not love.,"Cha nhynney lesh,",
,,
Wouldst thou like very much?,Bynney Ihiat?,
,,
"T’is a liking with me, I like.","S’laik. lhiam. lhiat, etc.",
,,
Wouldst thou like?,B’laik lhiat?,
"T’is obvious to me, I see. I perceive.","S’leayr dou, dhyt, da, etc.",
He did not see.,Cha b’leayr da.,
[NE: It wasn’t obvious to him.],,
"I dare, ","S’loys dou, (dhyt, da, etc.)",
He dare not. ,Cha loys da.,
,,
We dare[d] not.,Cha b’loys dooin,
[NE: We didn’t dare. / We wouldn’t dare.],,
"T’is a desire / craving, with me. I wish. ","S’mian, lhiam, lhiat. lesh, etc.",
He did not desire.,Cha by vian lesh.,
"T'is good with me. = I like, ","S’mie lhiam, ",
"He didn’t like, etc.","By vie lesh, etc.",
"T’is great with me, =  I begrudge it.",S’mooar lhiam eh.,
[NE: It really matters to me.],,
"T’is ill with me, = I am sorry, grieved; I regret.","S’olk lhiam, lhiat, lesh, etc.",
"T’is delightful with me, =  I like, love, etc.","S’taittin lhiam, etc.",
"T’is sad, miserable, with me. =  I am sorry, distressed.","S’treih lhiam, etc,",
,,
APPENDIX 2,,
Comparative and superlative Degrees of Adjectives,,
"Many adjectives end in ....agh, and the comparative and superlative degrees are formed as follows :-",,
"Atchimagh, terrible, ny s’atchimee, more terrible, s’atchimee, most terrible. (ny smoo – more, and s’moo = most.)",,
ADJECTIVES IRREGULARLY COMPARED.,,
"beautiful,","aalin,",
"most beautiful, easiest,","s’aaley,",
easy,"aashag,",
easiest,"sassey,",
young,"aeg,",
youngest,"s’aa,",
"high,","ard,",
"highest,","s’yrjey,",
"beg,","small,",
"sloo,","smallest,",
"soft, moist","bog,",
softest,"s’buiggey,",
pretty,"bwaagh,",
prettiest,"s’bwaaie,",
"hot, warm","cheh,",
hottest,s’choe,
"tight, fast",chionn,
tightest,"s’chenney,",
thick,"chiu,",
thickest,"s’chee,",
"near,","faggys,",
nearest,"sniessey,",
"far, long","foddey,",
"farthest, longest","sodjey,",
"rough,","garroo,",
"roughest,","s’girroo,",
"bright, white","gial,",
brightest,"s’gilley,",
short,"giare,",
shortest,"s’girrey,",
strong,"lajer,",
strongest,"s’troshey,",
soon,leah,
soonest,s’leaie,
"wide,","lhean,",
widest,shlea,
"long, tall","liauyr,",
longest,"s’lhuirey,",
"good,","mie,",
"best,","share,",
"poor, slow","moal,",
poorest,"smelley,",
"large, big,","mooar,",
"largest,","smoo,",
"bad, evil,","olk,",
"worst,","smessey,",
"merry, lively,","reagh,",
"merriest,","s’reaie,",
"fat, broad,","roauyr,",
fattest,"s’riurey,",
"old,","shenn,",
oldest,"shinney,",
"thin,","thanney,",
thinnest,"s’theinney,",
"heavy,","trome,",
heaviest,"s’trimmey,",
"many,","ymmodee,",
"most,","shlee,",
APPENDIX 3,,
Idioms compounded with the Irregular Verbs.,,
(put the lie on.) ,"Cur breag er,",
[NE: call a liar] ,,
He called me a liar.,Hug eh y breag orrym.,
"(give to, thrash.)","Cur da,",
I’ll give it thee!,Veryms dhyts eh.,
[NE: I’ll thrash you!],,
"(put on, compel.)","Cur er,",
He made me do it.,Hug eh orryms jannoo eh.,
"(give back, restore.)","Cur er-ash,",
"Give me back my shilling,",Cur er-ash dou my skillin.,
"(put on footing, establish)","Cur er bun,",
The Society was founded in the year 1899.,Va’n Cheshaght currit er bun sy vlein 1899.,
"(put astray,) ",Cur er shaghryn.,
[NE: mislead],,
I was misled by his flattery.,Va mee currit er­shaghryn liorish e vrynneraght.,
"(put forward, to promote.)","Cur er y hoshiaght,",
,,
He put forward the case.,Hug eh y chooish er y hoshiaght.,
,,
(put recognition on.),Cur enn er.,
I didn't know him.,Cha dug mee enn er.,
"(put knowledge to, acquaint.)","Cur fys huggey,",
Please let me know.,"Cur fys hym, my saillt.",
(give heed to.),"Cur geill da,",
He paid no attention to me.,Cha dug eh geill dou.,
"(vanquish, overthrow.)","Cur haayrt,",
Our enemies were beaten.,Va nyn noidyn currit haayrt.,
"(put off, to undress.)","Cur jeh,",
Take off thy coat.,Cur jeed dty chooat.,
,,
"(bring, carry.)","Cur lesh,",
I'll bring the book tomorrow.,Verym lhiam yn lioar mairagh.,
"(put out, publish.)","Cur magh,",
We shall publish the whole story.,Vermayd magh yn clane skeeal.,
"(lay waste, destroy.)","Cur mow,",
Our Island was laid waste.,Va’n Ellan ain currit mow.,
"(put about, put on one’s clothing.)",Cur mysh,
She put on her shawl.,"Hug ee mo’ee e filleag,",
"(practise, commit.)","Cur rish,",
,,
He acted as my attorney.,Hug eh rish myr turneyr dou.,
"(propose, intend, advise.)","Cur roish,",
I propose not to do it.,Ta mee cur roym dyn dy yannoo eh.,
"(put a sight on, to pay a visit.)","Cur shilley er,",
Did you not visit my brother?,Nagh dug shiu shilley er my vraar?,
"(defy, challenge,)","Cur y lane fo,",
He defied me.,Hug eh y lane foym.,
Coming,CHEET,
"(come back, come to light, re-appear.)",Cheet er-ash,
,,
She will return on Saturday.,Hig ee er-ash Jesarn.,
"(come forward, succeed, flourish.)",cheet er y hoshiaght,
,,
I did not prosper in Ireland.,Cha daink mee er my hoshiaght ayns n’Erin.,
"(come with, prosper, succeed)",Cheet lesh,
,,
It is coming with me now. (I am getting on nicely.),Te cheet lhiams nish.,
"(appear, show itself)",Cheet rish,
,,
He appeared in a vision.,Haink eh rish ayns ashlish.,
"(coming in, income, revenue)",Cheet stiagh,
The Island’s revenue has increased.,Ta cheet-stiagh ny h-Ellan er vishaghey.,
,,
"(to meet, accost.)",Cheet ny whaiyl,
I’ll meet thee at two o’clock.,Higym dty whaiyl ec jees er y chlag.,
,,
taking,GOAILL,
"lodge, sojourn",Goaill aaght,
I'll put up at the hotel.,Gowyms aaght ’sy thie-oast.,
"(to fear, be afraid.)",Goaill aggle roish,
Don't be afraid of me.,Ny gow aggle roym.,
(to sing),Goaill arrane,
We sang heartily.,Ghow shin arrane dy creeoil,
"(undertake, take in hand)",Goaill ayns laue,
We’ll attend to it.,Goweemayd ayns laue eh,
"lament, make a fuss.",Goaill er,
,,
Don’t fret about yourself.,Ny gow er my dty chione.,
"(take rest, quiet)",Goaill fea,
Take it easy and sit down.,Gow fea as soie sheese.,
,,
(to long for),Goaill foddeeaght ny yei.,
She was longing for me.,V’ee goaill foddeeaght my yei.,
,,
to excuse,Goaill leshtal,
"Excuse me, please.",Gow my leshtal my saillt.,
,,
to pray,Goaill padjer,
Let us pray.,Lhig dooin padjer y ghoaill,
"acknowledge, confess",Goaill rish,
[NE: admit],,
If we confess our sins ....,My ta shin goaill rish nyn beccaghyn ...,
,,
to enjoy,Goaill soylley jeh,
,,
... than enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season.,... na dy ghoaill soylley jeh eunys peccah son earish.,
"begin, make a start on",Goaill toshiaght er,
I shall not begin until the morning.,Cha gowyms toshiaght er gys y voghrey,
"To wonder, be surprised.",Goaill yindys er,
I was greatly surprised at him.,Ghow mee yindys mooar er.,
going,GOLL,
"(retire, go to bed.)",Goll dy lhie,
It’s bedtime.,Te traa goll dy lhie.,
(going headlong.),Goll er mullagh ching (*),
(*) ,,
,,
"* ‘ching,’ is the aspirate of ‘king,’ the genitive of ‘kione’",,
mullagh ching ,top of the head,
He went headlong into the river.,Hie eh er mullagh ching ’syn awin.,
(go astray),Goll er shaghryn,
,,
We have strayed ... like lost sheep.,Ta shin er n’ghull er shaghryn ... casley rish kirree cailjey.,
(go forward.),goll er y hoshiaght,
Go forward.,Immee er dty hoshiaght!,
[NE: Go ahead! / Advance!],,
(confirmation by the bishop.),Goll fo laue yn aspick.,
We shall be confirmed at Easter.,Hemmayd fo laue yn aspick ec y Chaisht.,
(undergo an operation.),Goll fo skynn y fer-lhee.,
Will you have an operation?,Jed oo fo skynn y fer-lhee?,
"(depart, go away.)",goll roish,
Away with thee!,Immee royd!,
[NE: ,,
"(doing, making.)","JANNOO, ",
"(doing anew, repeat, remake.)","jannoo ass y noa,",
"Everything was re-made, repeated, done over again.",Va dy chooilley nhee jeant ass­y-noa.,
"(ailing, trouble.)","jannoo er,",
What is doing on thee? (what ails thee?),Cred ta jannoo ort?,
(to satisfy.),"jannoo magh,",
He has not had enough yet.,Cha nel eh jeant magh foast.,
"(esteem, cherish.)",Jannoo mooar jeh,
He thought a lot of the dog.,Ren eh mooar jeh’n moddey.,
(to show mercy.),Jannoo myghin er.,
"Lord, have mercy on us.","Hiarn, jean myghin orrin.",
"(esteem, value, accept.)",Jannoo soiagh jeh,
I will accept with pleasure.,Neem soiagh jeh lesh taitnys.,
(make good use of.),"Jannoo soo dy vie jeh,",
He made good use of the book.,Ren eh soo dy vie jeh’n lioar.,