{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Are the scores not really normally distributed?\n", "\n", "I am trying to apply a statistical normalization on some scores. The normalization scheme require the scores to be normally distributed. \n", "I'am the scipy.stats.normaltest found here:\n", "https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.stats.normaltest.html\n", "According to the test, the scores are not normally distributed.\n", "But watching the qqplot, they seems normally distributed.\n", "\n", "More the paper applying the normalization scheme shows a qqplot of normally distributed scores which seems visually less incordance with the theoritical values: right plot here: https://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jmcmar/2004/jmcmar.2004.47.issue-1/jm030161o/production/images/large/jm030161of00002.jpeg \n", "\n", "Interestingly I tried a transmation to normalize the scores:\n", "x = x - 2*x # to transform scores into positive value to apply the log function\n", "log_data = np.log(x)\n", "Still the scores are not normally distributed according to the test.\n", "Am I using the wrong test?" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "15.707656653124452 0.0003882627229176248\n", "p = 0.000388263\n", "The null hypothesis (x comes from a normal distribution) can be rejected.\n" ] }, { "data": { "image/png": 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\n", 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" ] }, "metadata": { "needs_background": "light" }, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "import numpy as np\n", "from scipy import stats\n", "from statsmodels.graphics.gofplots import qqplot\n", "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", "\n", "scores = [-11.4, -9.2, -11.2, -7.8, -7.8, -7.8, -9.3, -8.6, -8.7, -9.6, -7.4, -8.9, -7.8, -8.0, -7.5, -8.6, -9.2, -9.0, -8.6, -6.8, -9.1, -8.8, -7.7, -9.3, -7.6, -7.4, -8.3, -8.5, -10.0, -8.8, -8.1, -9.5, -8.5, -9.4, -7.7, -8.9, -6.5, -6.5, -6.2, -9.4, -8.2, -7.6, -7.2, -6.2, -8.2, -7.4, -7.5, -8.3, -7.3, -7.9, -6.5, -7.5, -7.2, -7.5, -7.3, -7.9, -7.5, -7.0, -6.9, -7.9, -9.1, -7.4, -8.1, -6.2, -7.2, -7.1, -7.0, -7.4, -6.9, -6.8, -7.2, -8.0, -6.9, -7.2, -7.0, -6.0, -7.5, -8.8, -11.6, -7.6, -7.7, -7.0, -8.7, -8.5, -8.8, -8.9, -6.7, -8.6, -7.5, -7.7, -7.3, -8.5, -8.1, -8.2, -8.3, -7.0, -7.8, -8.0, -6.9, -8.6, -8.8, -7.4, -7.7, -7.7, -8.9, -8.6, -8.6, -8.5, -8.4, -9.5, -7.5, -8.7, -6.2, -6.3, -6.6, -7.1, -7.7, -7.7, -6.7, -6.2, -7.4, -6.7, 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-6.3, -9.3, -7.1, -8.3, -8.7, -7.8, -7.6, -6.4, -8.6]\n", "x = np.array(scores)\n", "k2, p = stats.normaltest(x); alpha = 1e-3\n", "print(k2, p)\n", "print(\"p = {:g}\".format(p))\n", "if p < alpha: # null hypothesis: x comes from a normal distribution\n", " print(\"The null hypothesis (x comes from a normal distribution) can be rejected.\")\n", "else:\n", " print(\"The null hypothesis (is not normal) cannot be rejected.\")\n", "\n", "qqplot(x, line='s') \n", "plt.show()\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.6.6" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 2 }