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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Python Fundamentals: Introduction to Jupyter and Python \n",
    "# SOLUTIONS"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 🥊 Challenge 1: Printing \n",
    "\n",
    "Write your own `print` statement in the code cell below. Follow the syntax of the example above, and change the text in the quotation marks."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hi, I'm Tom\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Write your own awesome print statement here!\n",
    "print('Hi, I\\'m Tom')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 🥊 Challenge 2: Executing Cells Multiple Times\n",
    "\n",
    "Try using **Shift + Enter** to run the following cell three times. What is the output? Run the cell one more time. Is the output the same?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "ANSWER: `a` keeps increasing. This is because each time we run the cell, the value in memory is updated and 1 is added."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 🥊 Challenge 3: Debugging Variable Names\n",
    "\n",
    "The following two blocks of code include variable names that cause an error. For each block of code, consider the following questions:\n",
    "1. Which rule is being broken? Can you find this information in the error message?\n",
    "2. What guidelines aren't being followed? \n",
    "3. How would you change the code?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1.5310000000000024\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# use consistent style (e.g. snake case)\n",
    "avg_age = 30.332\n",
    "another_variable = 28.801\n",
    "print(avg_age - another_variable)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Zimbabwe is a country in Africa\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Variable names cannot include symbols like .\n",
    "country_1 = 'Zimbabwe'\n",
    "\n",
    "# Variable names are case-sensitive \n",
    "continent = 'Africa'\n",
    "\n",
    "print(country_1, 'is a country in', continent)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "## 🥊 Challenge 4: What The...\n",
    "\n",
    "What does the following error seem to tell you? Google the error and see if you can fix it!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "something went wrong\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# SyntaxError: unmatched ')'\n",
    "# We need to remove the second closing parenthesis\n",
    "print('something went wrong')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 🥊 Challenge 5: Swapping Values\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's say we have two variables and we want to swap the values for each of them. \n",
    "\n",
    "Does the following method accomplish the goal?\n",
    "\n",
    "💡 **Tip**: What is the value of first and last at the end of the cell?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "start = 1997\n",
    "end = 1952\n",
    "\n",
    "start = end\n",
    "end = start"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using a third temporary variable (you could call it `temp`), swap the first and last variables, so that `start = 1952` and `end = 1997`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1952 1997\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "start = 1997\n",
    "end = 1952\n",
    "\n",
    "# YOUR CODE HERE\n",
    "temp = start\n",
    "start = end\n",
    "end = temp\n",
    "\n",
    "print(start,end)"
   ]
  }
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