{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Les chaînes de caractères"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## I) Définition"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### a) Définition directe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "mon chaîne de caractères\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s=\"mon chaîne de caractères\"\n",
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### b) Par une entrée"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "rentrez une chaîne : texte\n",
      "texte\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s= input(\"rentrez une chaîne : \")\n",
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### c) Comme une sous-chaîne\n",
    "On procède comme pour une liste."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "cde\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s=\"abcdefghijklm\"\n",
    "part=s[2:5]\n",
    "print(part)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## II) Parcours d'une chaîne\n",
    "Là encore, tout fonctionne comme pour une liste."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "B\n",
      "o\n",
      "n\n",
      "j\n",
      "o\n",
      "u\n",
      "r\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mot=\"Bonjour\"\n",
    "for lettre in mot :\n",
    "    print(lettre)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## III) Opérations sur les chaînes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### a) Longueur d'une chaîne"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mot=\"Bonjour\"\n",
    "print(len(mot))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### b) Opérations sur la casse"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "BONJOUR\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# tout en majuscules\n",
    "mot=\"Bonjour\"\n",
    "mot=mot.upper()\n",
    "print(mot)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "bonjour\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Tout en minuscules\n",
    "mot=\"Bonjour\"\n",
    "mot=mot.lower()\n",
    "print(mot)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Bonjour\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# seule la première lettre en majuscule\n",
    "mot=\"bonJOUR\"\n",
    "mot=mot.title()\n",
    "print(mot)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### c) Concaténation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Le petit\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#méthode efficace pour 2 ou 3 chaînes\n",
    "mot1=\"Le\"\n",
    "mot2=\"petit\"\n",
    "phrase=mot1+\" \"+mot2\n",
    "print(phrase)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Le petit chat de mon voisin\n",
      "Le hum petit hum chat hum de hum mon hum voisin\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#méthode efficace pour des listes de mots\n",
    "mots=[\"Le\",\"petit\",\"chat\",\"de\",\"mon\",\"voisin\"]\n",
    "phrase=\" \".join(mots)\n",
    "print(phrase)\n",
    "phrase=\" hum \".join(mots)\n",
    "print(phrase)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### d) Séparation d'une chaîne en liste"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['Je', 'suis', 'vraiment', 'satisfait', 'par', 'mon', 'excellent', 'travail.']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# par défaut, le séparateur est l'espace\n",
    "phrase=\"Je suis vraiment satisfait par mon excellent travail.\"\n",
    "L=phrase.split()\n",
    "print(L)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['Je', 'suis', 'vraiment', 'satisfait', 'par', 'mon', 'excellent', 'travail.']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# on spécifie un séparateur en argument\n",
    "phrase=\"Je--suis--vraiment--satisfait--par--mon--excellent--travail.\"\n",
    "L=phrase.split(\"--\")\n",
    "print(L)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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