@prefix dc: .
@prefix om: .
@prefix skos: .
@prefix owl: .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix xsd: .
@prefix pmat: .
@prefix gmat: .
@prefix prov: .
@prefix rdfs: .
@prefix vann: .
@prefix obo: .
@base .
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
owl:versionIRI ;
owl:imports ,
;
"knowledge representation in sol-gel materials synthesis, characterisation, and material properties" ;
"https://www.isibang.ac.in/ns/mod/index.html#Protege" ;
"Gelmat is an ontology for sol-gel materials. It extends the Polymat domain ontology with classes for sol-gel synthesis processes, gel characterisation methods, drying routes, laboratory equipment, process parameters, and material properties. It enables semantic description and formal documentation of sol-gel and aerogel research workflows, covering silica, organosilica, organic, carbon, and composite sol-gel derived materials." ;
"Prakul Pandit (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-3046), Institute for Frontier Materials on Earth and in Space, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany" ,
"Antoni Dudij, Institute for Frontier Materials on Earth and in Space, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany" ,
"Barbara Milow (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-7728), Institute for Frontier Materials on Earth and in Space, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany" ;
"Pandit, P., Dudij, A., & Milow, B. (2026). Gelmat: An Ontology for Sol-Gel Materials (Version 1.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22915205" ;
"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22915205" ;
"2026-03-12"^^xsd:date ;
;
"2026-09-14"^^xsd:date ;
prov:wasDerivedFrom ;
"Gelmat: An Ontology for Sol-Gel Materials" ;
vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "gmat" ;
vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/gelmat/" ;
rdfs:comment "Gelmat is an ontology for sol-gel materials. It extends the Polymat ontology (Dembska, Held, Schindler; DLR/Hereon) with classes for sol-gel synthesis routes, gel types, surface modification, drying methods, characterisation methods, process parameters, and material properties. Covers all major sol-gel derived material classes including silica, organosilica, organic, carbon, and composite aerogels." ;
rdfs:label "Gelmat" ;
owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" .
#################################################################
# Annotation properties
#################################################################
### http://omv.ontoware.org/2005/05/ontology#designedForOntologyTask
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://omv.ontoware.org/2005/05/ontology#usedOntologyEngineeringTool
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier
dc:identifier rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/author
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/created
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix
vann:preferredNamespacePrefix rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri
vann:preferredNamespaceUri rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment
rdfs:comment rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel
skos:altLabel rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition
skos:definition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example
skos:example rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/generatesIntermediate
gmat:generatesIntermediate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0002234 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Method ;
rdfs:range pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "Links a process step (creation process or sample preparation step such as solvent exchange) to the intermediate product it generates"@en ;
rdfs:label "generates intermediate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPrecursor
gmat:hasPrecursor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:Gel ;
rdfs:range pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "Links an aerogel or gel to its chemical precursor substance"@en ;
rdfs:label "has precursor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/realizesProtocol
gmat:realizesProtocol rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Procedure ;
rdfs:range gmat:SynthesisProtocol ;
rdfs:comment "Links a concrete executed procedure (an occurrent) to the SynthesisProtocol (plan specification / recipe) it carries out. Separates the executed run from the reusable recipe it follows. Domain is pmat:Procedure rather than BFO process (BFO_0000015) to stay compatible with Polymat's BFO_0000015-to-prov:Activity mapping."@en ;
rdfs:label "realizes protocol"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasRatioString
gmat:hasRatioString rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:RatioValue ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "The display/legacy string representation of a molar or volume ratio between components (e.g. '1:10', '1:10:4:4', or '59.75'). For numeric querying, single-valued ratios additionally carry om:hasNumericalValue (xsd:double) with om:hasUnit om:one, using the convention that a two-part ratio a:b has numerical value a/b. Multi-component ratios (e.g. '1:10:4:4') have no single numerical value and are represented by this string only."@en ;
rdfs:label "has ratio string"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasStepOrder
gmat:hasStepOrder rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger ;
skos:definition "An integer indicating the canonical execution order of a sub-process within a synthesis workflow (1 = first step). Used to provide SPARQL-queryable ordering of BFO parthood sub-steps that are otherwise unordered."@en ;
rdfs:label "has step order"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasCanonicalUnit
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ;
rdfs:range ;
skos:definition "Links a quantity class to the canonical (recommended) OM-2 unit of measure in which instances of that quantity are conventionally expressed. Machine-readable counterpart to the unit named in the class definition."@en ;
rdfs:label "has canonical unit"@en .
#################################################################
# Object Properties
#################################################################
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050
obo:BFO_0000050 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf obo:BFO_0000051 ;
rdfs:comment "Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other."@en ,
"Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en ,
"""Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'."""@en ,
"a core relation that holds between a part and its whole"@en ,
"my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)"@en ,
"my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)"@en ,
"this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)"@en ;
rdfs:label "part of"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051
obo:BFO_0000051 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:TransitiveProperty ;
rdfs:comment "Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part."@en ,
"Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en ,
"""Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'."""@en ,
"a core relation that holds between a whole and its part"@en ,
"my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)"@en ,
"my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)"@en ,
"this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has part"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000052
obo:RO_0000052 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:comment "a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
rdfs:label "characteristic of"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000053
obo:RO_0000053 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range obo:BFO_0000020 ;
rdfs:comment "inverse of characteristic_of (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000052)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has characteristic"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000056
obo:RO_0000056 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf obo:RO_0000057 ;
rdfs:domain obo:BFO_0000002 ;
rdfs:range obo:BFO_0000003 ;
rdfs:comment "a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process"@en ;
rdfs:label "participates in"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057
obo:RO_0000057 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain obo:BFO_0000003 ;
rdfs:range obo:BFO_0000002 ;
rdfs:comment "a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process"@en ;
rdfs:label "has participant"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000081
obo:RO_0000081 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000052 ;
owl:inverseOf obo:RO_0000087 ;
rdfs:comment "a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
rdfs:label "role of"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087
obo:RO_0000087 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain obo:BFO_0000004 ;
rdfs:range obo:BFO_0000023 ;
rdfs:comment "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ;
rdfs:label "has role"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001015
obo:RO_0001015 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf obo:RO_0001025 ;
rdfs:comment "a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location"@en ;
rdfs:label "location of"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001018
obo:RO_0001018 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf obo:RO_0001019 ;
rdfs:domain obo:BFO_0000040 ;
rdfs:range obo:BFO_0000004 ;
rdfs:comment """The relation between a physical content and its container. A material entity B is contained in a material entity A if B is located in some cavity of A.
(inverse of http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/property#AFX_0001048)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "contained in"@en ;
owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001019
obo:RO_0001019 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:comment """The relation between a container and its physical content. A material entity a contains a material entity b if b is located in some cavity of a.
(http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/property#AFX_0001048)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "contains"@en ;
owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001025
obo:RO_0001025 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain obo:BFO_0000004 ,
[ owl:intersectionOf ( obo:BFO_0000004
[ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf obo:BFO_0000006
]
) ;
rdf:type owl:Class
] ;
rdfs:range obo:BFO_0000004 ,
[ owl:intersectionOf ( obo:BFO_0000004
[ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:complementOf obo:BFO_0000006
]
) ;
rdf:type owl:Class
] ;
rdfs:comment "a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location"@en ;
rdfs:label "located in"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233
obo:RO_0002233 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000057 ;
owl:inverseOf obo:RO_0002352 ;
rdfs:domain obo:BFO_0000015 ;
rdfs:comment """p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233)
a relation between a process and an entity, where the entity is present at the beginning of the process
(http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000230)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "has input"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234
obo:RO_0002234 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000057 ;
owl:inverseOf obo:RO_0002353 ;
rdfs:comment """p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234)
has output is a relation between an process and an entity, where the entity is present at the end of the process.
(http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000229)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "has output"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002352
obo:RO_0002352 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000056 ;
rdfs:comment """c is input of p iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
(inverse of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "input of"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002353
obo:RO_0002353 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000056 ;
rdfs:comment """c is output of p iff: c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
(inverse of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "output of"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002615
obo:RO_0002615 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:comment """a relation between an entity and its model (an artifact), which purports to represent the entity.
(inverse of http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000632)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "has model"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0003301
obo:RO_0003301 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:comment "a relation between a biological, experimental, or computational artifact and an entity it is used to study, in virtue of its replicating or approximating features of the studied entity"@en ;
rdfs:label "has role in modeling"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0004017
obo:RO_0004017 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf obo:RO_0004018 ;
rdfs:comment """realizable B has basis in A, if B could not exist without the existence of A.
inverse of \"is basis for realizable\"."""@en ;
rdfs:label "realizable has basis in"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0004018
obo:RO_0004018 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
rdfs:comment "A is basis for realizable B, if B could not exist without the existence of A."@en ;
rdfs:label "is basis for realizable"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/hasUnit
om:hasUnit rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:FunctionalProperty ;
rdfs:domain om:Measure ;
rdfs:range om:Unit ;
rdfs:label "has unit"@en ,
"単位を持つ"@ja .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/hasValue
om:hasValue rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain om:Quantity ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( om:Measure
om:Point
)
] ;
rdfs:label "has value"@en ,
"値を持つ"@ja .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent
prov:agent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:AgentInfluence ;
rdfs:range prov:Agent ;
rdfs:comment "The prov:agent property references an prov:Agent which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:AgentInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent."@en ,
"This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple."@en ;
rdfs:label "agent" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity
prov:entity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:EntityInfluence ;
rdfs:range prov:Entity ;
rdfs:comment "This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple."@en ,
"The prov:entity property references an prov:Entity which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:EntityInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent." ;
rdfs:label "entity" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated
prov:generated rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf prov:wasGeneratedBy ;
rdfs:domain prov:Activity ;
rdfs:range prov:Entity ;
rdfs:comment "prov:generated is one of few inverse property defined, to allow Activity-oriented assertions in addition to Entity-oriented assertions."@en ;
rdfs:label "generated" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole
prov:hadRole rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Influence ,
[ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( prov:Association
prov:InstantaneousEvent
)
] ;
rdfs:range prov:Role ;
rdfs:comment "prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity), in the context of an instantaneous usage, generation, association, start, and end."@en ;
rdfs:label "hadRole" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage
prov:hadUsage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:range prov:Usage ;
rdfs:label "hadUsage" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation
prov:qualifiedAssociation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Activity ;
rdfs:range prov:Association ;
rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:wasAssociatedWith Agent :ag, then it can qualify the Association using prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
rdfs:label "qualifiedAssociation" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution
prov:qualifiedAttribution rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Entity ;
rdfs:range prov:Attribution ;
rdfs:comment "If this Entity prov:wasAttributedTo Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
rdfs:label "qualifiedAttribution" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage
prov:qualifiedUsage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Activity ;
rdfs:range prov:Usage ;
rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]."@en ;
rdfs:label "qualifiedUsage" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used
prov:used rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Activity ;
rdfs:range prov:Entity ;
rdfs:comment "A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven ."@en ,
"Aerogel synthesis processes use various chemical substances such as precursors, solvents, and catalysts."@en ;
rdfs:label "used" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith
prov:wasAssociatedWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Activity ;
rdfs:range prov:Agent ;
rdfs:comment "An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity."@en ;
rdfs:label "wasAssociatedWith" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo
prov:wasAttributedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Entity ;
rdfs:range prov:Agent ;
rdfs:comment "Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent."@en ;
rdfs:label "wasAttributedTo" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom
prov:wasDerivedFrom rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Entity ;
rdfs:range prov:Entity ;
rdfs:comment "A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity."@en ,
"The more specific subproperties of prov:wasDerivedFrom (i.e., prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource) should be used when applicable."@en ;
rdfs:label "wasDerivedFrom" .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy
prov:wasGeneratedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain prov:Entity ;
rdfs:range prov:Activity ;
rdfs:label "wasGeneratedBy" .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasRatioComponent
gmat:hasRatioComponent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( gmat:MolarRatio
gmat:VolumeRatio
)
] ;
rdfs:range pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "Links a volume or molar ratio to the chemical substances it describes the proportion between"@en ;
rdfs:label "has ratio component"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/isAerogelProductOf
gmat:isAerogelProductOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:wasProducedBy ;
owl:inverseOf gmat:producesAerogel ;
rdfs:domain gmat:Aerogel ;
rdfs:range pmat:Drying ;
rdfs:label "is aerogel product of"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/isParameterOf
pmat:isParameterOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Feature ;
rdfs:range obo:BFO_0000003 ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a quantity or process feature (temperature, duration, pH) to the process it characterises. Preferred over obo:RO_0000052 when the bearer is a process rather than a material entity. Range is BFO occurrent (BFO_0000003) rather than BFO process (BFO_0000015) because process steps are pmat:Method (under pmat:Procedure, a prov:Entity) while BFO_0000015 maps to prov:Activity, which PROV-O declares disjoint from prov:Entity — a BFO_0000015 range would make every class with an isParameterOf existential unsatisfiable"@en ;
rdfs:label "is parameter of"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/producesAerogel
gmat:producesAerogel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000057 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Drying ;
rdfs:range gmat:Aerogel ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a drying process to the aerogel material that results from it (covers supercritical, ambient pressure, freeze, and vacuum drying routes)"@en ;
rdfs:label "producesAerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/requiresEquipment
gmat:requiresEquipment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000057 ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( pmat:Method
pmat:Procedure
)
] ;
rdfs:range pmat:Device ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a laboratory method or procedure to equipment that is necessary to perform that method"@en ;
rdfs:label "requiresEquipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasDefect
gmat:hasDefect rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain gmat:Aerogel ;
rdfs:range gmat:AerogelDefect ;
rdfs:comment "Relates an aerogel material to a structural or quality defect (a persisting defect state) observed in it. Sub-property of obo:RO_0000053 (bearer of), consistent with the other characteristic-linking properties."@en ;
rdfs:label "has defect"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasGeometry
gmat:hasGeometry rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:Geometry ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a material entity to a description of its shape or geometric configuration"@en ;
rdfs:label "has geometry"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/transformsGel
gmat:transformsGel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000057 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:range gmat:Gel ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a sample preparation process (like solvent exchange) to the gel material it transforms"@en ;
rdfs:label "transformsGel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/usesCrosslinker
gmat:usesCrosslinker rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:usesSubstance ;
rdfs:domain gmat:Gelation ;
rdfs:range gmat:Crosslinker ;
rdfs:comment "Relates gelation process to crosslinking agents used to form network structure"@en ;
rdfs:label "usesCrosslinker"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/usesOperatingSystem
pmat:usesOperatingSystem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Software ;
rdfs:range pmat:OperatingSystem ;
rdfs:comment """uses the low-level software which handles the interface to peripheral hardware, schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user when no application program is running
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C47908)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "uses operating system"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/usesRuntimeEnvironment
pmat:usesRuntimeEnvironment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Software ;
rdfs:range pmat:RuntimeEnvironment ;
rdfs:comment """uses a sub-system that exists both in the computer where a program is created, as well as in the computers where the program is intended to be run.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_system)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "uses runtime environment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/usesSubstance
gmat:usesSubstance rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000057 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Method ;
rdfs:range pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a process (creation/synthesis step or sample preparation step such as solvent exchange or drying) to chemical substances used as reactants, catalysts, solvents, or exchange media"@en ;
rdfs:label "usesSubstance"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/usesSupercriticalFluid
gmat:usesSupercriticalFluid rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:usesSubstance ;
rdfs:domain gmat:SupercriticalDrying ;
rdfs:range gmat:SupercriticalFluid ;
rdfs:comment "Relates supercritical drying process to the supercritical fluid used (typically CO2)"@en ;
rdfs:label "usesSupercriticalFluid"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/wasProducedBy
gmat:wasProducedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000056 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to the creation process that produced it"@en ;
rdfs:label "wasProducedBy"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPHCondition
gmat:hasPHCondition rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000057 ;
rdfs:domain gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:range gmat:PHCondition ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a sol-gel process step (sol formation, gelation, aging) to the pH condition maintained during that step"@en ;
rdfs:label "has pH condition"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasGelationRoute
gmat:hasGelationRoute rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:AerogelSynthesis ;
rdfs:range gmat:GelationPathway ;
rdfs:comment "Relates an aerogel synthesis to the mechanistic gelation pathway it follows (e.g. acid-catalysed sol-gel polymerisation, base-catalysed, two-step)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has gelation route"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSilylationAgent
gmat:hasSilylationAgent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:usesSubstance ;
rdfs:domain gmat:SurfaceModification ;
rdfs:range gmat:SilylationAgent ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a surface modification step to the silylating agent applied (e.g. TMCS, HMDS) to render the gel surface hydrophobic before ambient pressure drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "has silylation agent"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasIntermediateProduct
gmat:hasIntermediateProduct rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:generatesIntermediate ;
rdfs:domain gmat:SolFormation ;
rdfs:range gmat:Silanol ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a sol formation step to the silanol intermediates generated during hydrolysis"@en ;
rdfs:label "has intermediate product"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/realisedAs
gmat:realisedAs rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:GelationPathway ;
rdfs:range gmat:Gelation ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a mechanistic GelationPathway (a Feature) to the Gelation process that realises it. For example, a TwoStepAcidBaseCatalysisPathway is realisedAs a TwoStepCatalysis gelation process"@en ;
rdfs:label "realised as"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasBulkDensity
gmat:hasBulkDensity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:hasDensity ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:BulkDensity ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its bulk (envelope) density, expressed as a gmat:BulkDensity individual with an om:Measure value in kg/m3"@en ;
rdfs:label "has bulk density"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSkeletalDensity
gmat:hasSkeletalDensity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:hasDensity ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:SkeletalDensity ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its skeletal (helium pycnometry) density, expressed as a gmat:SkeletalDensity individual with an om:Measure value in kg/m3"@en ;
rdfs:label "has skeletal density"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPressure
gmat:hasPressure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:range om:Pressure ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a process step or substance to a pressure condition (e.g. autoclave pressure during supercritical drying, vacuum level), expressed as an om:Pressure individual with an om:Measure value in Pa or MPa. For process bearers, pmat:isParameterOf from the pressure to the process is the inverse-direction alternative"@en ;
rdfs:label "has pressure"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMassFraction
gmat:hasMassFraction rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:MassFraction ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance (e.g. a composite aerogel or a sol) to a mass fraction such as fibre loading, solid content, or silica content, expressed as a gmat:MassFraction individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value (wt% or fraction)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has mass fraction"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasHeatingRate
gmat:hasHeatingRate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:range gmat:HeatingRate ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a thermal process step (drying, pyrolysis, temperature ramping) to its heating rate, expressed as a gmat:HeatingRate individual with an om:Measure value in K/min"@en ;
rdfs:label "has heating rate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPoreVolume
gmat:hasPoreVolume rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:PoreVolume ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its total pore volume, expressed as a gmat:PoreVolume individual with an om:Measure value (typically cm3/g)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has pore volume"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasParticleSize
gmat:hasParticleSize rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:ParticleSize ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to the characteristic size of its primary particles, expressed as a gmat:ParticleSize individual with an om:Measure value in nm"@en ;
rdfs:label "has particle size"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasActivationEnergy
gmat:hasActivationEnergy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:range gmat:ActivationEnergy ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance or process (e.g. gelation kinetics) to an activation energy, expressed as a gmat:ActivationEnergy individual with an om:Measure value in kJ/mol"@en ;
rdfs:label "has activation energy"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPoreSizeDistribution
gmat:hasPoreSizeDistribution rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:PoreSizeDistribution ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its pore size distribution, expressed as a gmat:PoreSizeDistribution individual"@en ;
rdfs:label "has pore size distribution"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSolConcentration
gmat:hasSolConcentration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:SolConcentration ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a sol (or a synthesis described through it) to the precursor concentration in the sol, expressed as a gmat:SolConcentration individual with an om:Measure value (mol/L or wt%)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has sol concentration"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasAtmosphere
gmat:hasAtmosphere rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:usesSubstance ;
rdfs:domain gmat:ThermalTreatment ;
rdfs:range pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a thermal treatment step (pyrolysis, calcination, sintering) to the gas atmosphere in which it is performed, e.g. nitrogen, argon, air, or carbon dioxide"@en ;
rdfs:label "has atmosphere"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/measuredBy
gmat:measuredBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain om:Quantity ;
rdfs:range pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a measured quantity to the characterisation method (analysis) that produced it, e.g. a surface area value measuredBy a BET analysis. Dedicated shortcut for the common query pattern; prov:wasGeneratedBy remains available for full provenance chains"@en ;
rdfs:label "measured by"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMatrix
gmat:hasMatrix rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:CompositeAerogel ;
rdfs:range pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a composite aerogel to the continuous matrix material (e.g. the silica aerogel phase of a fibre-reinforced composite)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has matrix"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasReinforcement
gmat:hasReinforcement rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:CompositeAerogel ;
rdfs:range pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a composite aerogel to the reinforcing or filler phase embedded in its matrix (e.g. glass fibre, cellulose fibre, graphene oxide)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has reinforcement"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasApplication
gmat:hasApplication rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:Application ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a material to an application it is intended for or demonstrated in (e.g. thermal insulation, adsorption, drug delivery)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has application"@en .
#################################################################
# Data properties
#################################################################
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/hasNumericalValue
om:hasNumericalValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain om:Measure ;
rdfs:comment """A numerical value is the size of a particular quantity expressed numerically.
(https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?scope=Entries&q=numerical+value)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "has numerical value"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasAcronym
pmat:hasAcronym rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "An acronym is used to represent long complex compounds"@en ;
rdfs:label "has acronym"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasAgingTime
gmat:hasAgingTime rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
rdfs:domain gmat:Aging ;
rdfs:range xsd:float ;
rdfs:comment "DEPRECATED: unit-less float shortcut. Model the aging duration as a gmat:Duration (om:Time) instance linked to the gmat:Aging process with pmat:isParameterOf, carrying an om:Measure (om:hasNumericalValue + om:hasUnit) via om:hasValue. The duration of the aging step after gelation, typically measured in hours"@en ;
rdfs:label "has aging time"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasCASNr
pmat:hasCASNr rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf pmat:hasID ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( pmat:Monomer
pmat:Polymer
pmat:Substance
)
] ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number is a unique identifier assigned to every chemical substance to provide a standardised way of referencing and identifying it"@en ;
rdfs:label "has CAS nr"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasDensity
gmat:hasDensity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:Density ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its density, expressed as a gmat:Density individual with an om:Measure value in the canonical SI unit kg/m3 (g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 is a common lab convention)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has density"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasGelTime
gmat:hasGelTime rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
rdfs:domain gmat:Gel ;
rdfs:range xsd:float ;
rdfs:comment "DEPRECATED: domain error (gel time is a process property, not a material property). Use gmat:hasGelationTimeValue on gmat:Gelation instead. The time duration for sol-gel transition, measured in minutes from when catalysts are mixed until the gel network forms"@en ;
rdfs:label "has gel time"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasID
pmat:hasID rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment """An Identifier (ID) is one or more characters used to identify, name, or characterize the nature, properties, or contents of a thing.
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25364)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "has ID"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasIUPACName
pmat:hasIUPACName rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:unionOf ( pmat:Monomer
pmat:Polymer
pmat:Substance
)
] ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "IUPAC name is a name of a chemical compound according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature"@en ;
rdfs:label "has IUPAC name"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMolarRatio
gmat:hasMolarRatio rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
rdfs:domain gmat:AerogelSynthesis ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "DEPRECATED: machine-unreadable string representation. Use gmat:MolarRatio class with gmat:hasRatioComponent and gmat:WaterToSilicaRatio instead. The molar ratio of reactants in the synthesis (e.g., 'TEOS:H2O:Catalyst = 1:4:0.01')"@en ;
rdfs:label "has molar ratio"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasOrderNumber
pmat:hasOrderNumber rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf pmat:hasID ;
rdfs:domain pmat:ExperimentRequestSubmission ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "An order number is a reference number assigned to an experiment when it is submitted for processing."@en ;
rdfs:label "has order number"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasPath
pmat:hasPath rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:DigitalData ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "A path represents the location or address of a file or directory within the file system hierarchy."@en ;
rdfs:label "has path"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasProductID
pmat:hasProductID rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf pmat:hasID ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment """A product ID is a permanent, unique identifier assigned to a product by its producer.
(https://ode.rsl.wustl.edu/mars/pagehelp/Content/Frequently_Asked_Questions/Product_ID.htm?Highlight=Product%20ID)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "has product ID"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasRequestSubmissionType
pmat:hasRequestSubmissionType rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:ExperimentRequestSubmission ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "A request submission type is an experiment submission type description, e.g. synthesis, fabrication, analysis."@en ;
rdfs:label "has request submission type"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSurfaceArea
gmat:hasSurfaceArea rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:SurfaceArea ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its BET-determined specific surface area, expressed as a gmat:SurfaceArea individual with an om:Measure value in m2/g"@en ;
rdfs:label "has surface area"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasVersion
pmat:hasVersion rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Software ;
rdfs:range xsd:string ;
rdfs:comment "A version is a specific release of a software system, application, library or any other piece of software"@en ;
rdfs:label "has version"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/submissionEndedAt
pmat:submissionEndedAt rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:ExperimentRequestSubmission ;
rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
rdfs:comment "end time and date of a given experiment submission"@en ;
rdfs:label "submission ended at"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/submissionStartedAt
pmat:submissionStartedAt rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain pmat:ExperimentRequestSubmission ;
rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ;
rdfs:comment "start time and date of a given experiment submission"@en ;
rdfs:label "submission started at"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasThermalConductivity
gmat:hasThermalConductivity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:ThermalConductivity ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its thermal conductivity, expressed as a gmat:ThermalConductivity individual with om:Measure value in W/(m.K)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has thermal conductivity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPorosity
gmat:hasPorosity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:Porosity ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its porosity, expressed as a gmat:Porosity individual with om:Measure value as a fraction or percentage"@en ;
rdfs:label "has porosity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMeanPoreSize
gmat:hasMeanPoreSize rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:MeanPoreSize ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its mean pore size (BJH), expressed as a gmat:MeanPoreSize individual with om:Measure value in nm"@en ;
rdfs:label "has mean pore size"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasContactAngle
gmat:hasContactAngle rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:ContactAngle ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its water contact angle, expressed as a gmat:ContactAngle individual with om:Measure value in degrees"@en ;
rdfs:label "has contact angle"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasLinearShrinkage
gmat:hasLinearShrinkage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:Shrinkage ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its linear shrinkage during drying, expressed as a gmat:Shrinkage individual with om:Measure value as a percentage"@en ;
rdfs:label "has linear shrinkage"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasCompressiveStrength
gmat:hasCompressiveStrength rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:CompressiveStrength ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its maximum compressive strength, expressed as a gmat:CompressiveStrength individual with om:Measure value in kPa or MPa"@en ;
rdfs:label "has compressive strength"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasCompressiveModulus
gmat:hasCompressiveModulus rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:CompressiveModulus ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its compressive (Young's) modulus, expressed as a gmat:CompressiveModulus individual with om:Measure value in kPa or MPa"@en ;
rdfs:label "has compressive modulus"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasTransmittance
gmat:hasTransmittance rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:Transmittance ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its optical transmittance, expressed as a gmat:Transmittance individual with om:Measure value as percentage (0-100)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has transmittance"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasYoungsModulus
gmat:hasYoungsModulus rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:YoungsModulus ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its Young's (elastic) modulus, expressed as a gmat:YoungsModulus individual with om:Measure value in Pa"@en ;
rdfs:label "has Young's modulus"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasTensileStrength
gmat:hasTensileStrength rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range pmat:UltimateTensileStrength ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its ultimate tensile strength, expressed as a pmat:UltimateTensileStrength individual with om:Measure value in Pa"@en ;
rdfs:label "has tensile strength"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPoissonRatio
gmat:hasPoissonRatio rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:PoissonRatio ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its Poisson ratio, expressed as a gmat:PoissonRatio individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value"@en ;
rdfs:label "has Poisson ratio"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasFlexuralStrength
gmat:hasFlexuralStrength rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:FlexuralStrength ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its flexural (bending) strength, expressed as a gmat:FlexuralStrength individual with om:Measure value in Pa"@en ;
rdfs:label "has flexural strength"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasFlexuralModulus
gmat:hasFlexuralModulus rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:FlexuralModulus ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its flexural (bending) modulus, expressed as a gmat:FlexuralModulus individual with om:Measure value in Pa"@en ;
rdfs:label "has flexural modulus"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSpecificHeatCapacity
gmat:hasSpecificHeatCapacity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:SpecificHeatCapacity ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its specific heat capacity, expressed as a gmat:SpecificHeatCapacity individual with om:Measure value in J/(kg.K)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has specific heat capacity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasThermalDiffusivity
gmat:hasThermalDiffusivity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:ThermalDiffusivity ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its thermal diffusivity, expressed as a gmat:ThermalDiffusivity individual with om:Measure value in m^2/s"@en ;
rdfs:label "has thermal diffusivity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasThermalExpansionCoefficient
gmat:hasThermalExpansionCoefficient rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:ThermalExpansionCoefficient ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its linear coefficient of thermal expansion, expressed as a gmat:ThermalExpansionCoefficient individual with om:Measure value in K^-1"@en ;
rdfs:label "has thermal expansion coefficient"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasFractalDimension
gmat:hasFractalDimension rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:FractalDimension ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to a fractal dimension (mass or surface), expressed as a gmat:FractalDimension individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value. Use gmat:hasMassFractalDimension or gmat:hasSurfaceFractalDimension for the specific type"@en ;
rdfs:label "has fractal dimension"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMassFractalDimension
gmat:hasMassFractalDimension rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:hasFractalDimension ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:MassFractalDimension ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its mass fractal dimension (Dm), expressed as a gmat:MassFractalDimension individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value (1-3)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has mass fractal dimension"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSurfaceFractalDimension
gmat:hasSurfaceFractalDimension rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf gmat:hasFractalDimension ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:SurfaceFractalDimension ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its surface fractal dimension (Ds), expressed as a gmat:SurfaceFractalDimension individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value (2-3)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has surface fractal dimension"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPorodExponent
gmat:hasPorodExponent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:PorodExponent ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to the power-law (Porod) exponent of its scattering curve, expressed as a gmat:PorodExponent individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value"@en ;
rdfs:label "has Porod exponent"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasCorrelationLength
gmat:hasCorrelationLength rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf obo:RO_0000053 ;
rdfs:domain pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:range gmat:CorrelationLength ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to the correlation length (ξ, fractal upper cutoff / cluster size) of its network, expressed as a gmat:CorrelationLength individual with om:Measure value in metres (nm scale)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has correlation length"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPHValue
gmat:hasPHValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:PHCondition ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type rdfs:Datatype ;
owl:onDatatype xsd:float ;
owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:minInclusive "0.0"^^xsd:float ]
[ xsd:maxInclusive "14.0"^^xsd:float ]
)
] ;
rdfs:comment "The numeric pH value maintained during a sol-gel process step (typically 1.5-3 for acid catalysis, 7.5-10 for base catalysis). Range restricted to 0.0-14.0"@en ;
rdfs:label "has pH value"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasExchangeCount
gmat:hasExchangeCount rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:SolventExchange ;
rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
rdfs:comment "Number of individual solvent exchange (washing) cycles performed to replace the pore liquid"@en ;
rdfs:label "has exchange count"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasGelationTimeValue
gmat:hasGelationTimeValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean ;
rdfs:domain gmat:Gelation ;
rdfs:range xsd:float ;
rdfs:comment "DEPRECATED: unit-less float shortcut. Model the gel time as a gmat:GelationTime (om:Time) instance linked to the gmat:Gelation process with pmat:isParameterOf, carrying an om:Measure (om:hasNumericalValue + om:hasUnit) via om:hasValue. Observed gel time from initiation of gelation (e.g. mixing of catalyst) to the gel point, typically in minutes"@en ;
rdfs:label "has gelation time value"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasFractalDimensionValue
gmat:hasFractalDimensionValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:FractalDimension ;
rdfs:range [ rdf:type rdfs:Datatype ;
owl:onDatatype xsd:float ;
owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:minInclusive "1.0"^^xsd:float ]
[ xsd:maxInclusive "3.0"^^xsd:float ]
)
] ;
rdfs:comment "The numeric value of the mass fractal dimension of an aerogel network, dimensionless. Typical range for silica aerogels: 1.7-2.4 (from SAXS/SANS)"@en ;
rdfs:label "has fractal dimension value"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasNetworkConnectivityValue
gmat:hasNetworkConnectivityValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:domain gmat:NetworkConnectivity ;
rdfs:range xsd:float ;
rdfs:comment "Average number of siloxane bonds per network node, as determined by solid-state 29Si NMR (Q2/Q3/Q4 species ratios). Higher values indicate more cross-linked, stiffer networks"@en ;
rdfs:label "has network connectivity value"@en .
#################################################################
# Classes
#################################################################
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000002
obo:BFO_0000002 rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:disjointWith obo:BFO_0000003 ;
dc:identifier "008-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "continuant"@en ;
skos:definition "(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity"@en ;
skos:example "A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000003
obo:BFO_0000003 rdf:type owl:Class ;
dc:identifier "077-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "occurrent"@en ;
skos:definition "(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region"@en ;
skos:example "As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant."@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004
obo:BFO_0000004 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000002 ;
dc:identifier "017-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "Independent continuant"@en ;
skos:definition "b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c"@en ;
skos:example "An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006
obo:BFO_0000006 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000141 ;
dc:identifier "035-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "spatial region"@en ;
skos:definition "(Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time"@en ;
skos:example "As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015
obo:BFO_0000015 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000003 ,
prov:Activity ;
dc:identifier "083-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "process"@en ;
skos:altLabel "event"@en ;
skos:definition "(Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant"@en ;
skos:example "An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017
obo:BFO_0000017 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000020 ;
dc:identifier "058-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "realizable entity"@en ;
skos:definition "(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type"@en ;
skos:example "The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020
obo:BFO_0000020 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000002 ;
dc:identifier "050-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "specifically dependent continuant"@en ;
skos:definition "b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c"@en ;
skos:example "(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates"@en ,
"(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000031
obo:BFO_0000031 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000002 ;
dc:identifier "074-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "generically dependent continuant"@en ;
skos:definition "b is a generically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some time t such that there is some independent continuant c & b s-depends_on c at t"@en ;
skos:example "A symphony; a score of a film; a patent; a plan; a procedure; a software algorithm"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023
obo:BFO_0000023 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000017 ;
dc:identifier "061-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "Role"@en ;
skos:altLabel "externally-grounded realizable entity"@en ;
skos:definition "(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed"@en ;
skos:example "The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040
obo:BFO_0000040 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000004 ,
prov:Entity ;
owl:disjointWith obo:BFO_0000141 ;
dc:identifier "019-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "Material entity"@en ;
skos:definition "(Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part"@en ;
skos:example "A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000141
obo:BFO_0000141 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000004 ;
dc:identifier "028-BFO" ;
rdfs:label "Immaterial entity"@en ;
skos:definition "b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part"@en ;
skos:example "As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site"@en .
### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24431
obo:CHEBI_24431 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances."@en ;
rdfs:label "Chemical entity"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceConcentration
om:AmountOfSubstanceConcentration rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment """A measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Amount of substance concentration"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Amount concentration"@en ,
"Molar concentration"@en ,
"Molarity"@en ,
"Substance concentration"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Length
om:Length rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Length is the amount of space between two geographical points along a curve. It is a base quantity in the International System of Units and other systems of units. Length is speed times time. The metre, a base unit of length in the International System of Units, is defined in terms of speed of light during a certain time interval."@en ;
rdfs:label "Length"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Measure
om:Measure rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:comment "A measure combines a number to a unit of measure. For example, \"3 m\" is a measure."@en ;
rdfs:label "measure"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ModulusOfElasticity
om:ModulusOfElasticity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment """the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain of a material
(http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/quality#AFQ_0000341)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Modulus of elasticity"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Young’s modulus"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permeability-EarthScience
om:Permeability-EarthScience rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Permeability-Diffusion ;
rdfs:comment """The permeability multiplied by the permeating fluids' viscosity, it is commonly used for porous solids such as rocks
k = eta･V･d / (A･t･p) = eta･nu･d/p = eta･D/p
k = permeability (earth science)
V = Volume of the permeate [m³]
nu = velocity of the permeate [m/s]
eta = dynamic viscosoty of the permeate [Pa･s]
d = thickness of the rock [m]
A = area of the rock [m²]
t = time of diffusion [s]
p = pressure difference [atm]
D = Diffusion coefficient = diffusivity [m²/s]
The SI unit of the permeability (earth science) is m², commonly called Darcy"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Permeability (earth science)"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Point
om:Point rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:comment "A point is an element of an interval scale or a ratio scale, for example, 273.16 on the Kelvin scale indicates the triple point of water thermodynamic temperature."@en ;
rdfs:label "point"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Quantity
om:Quantity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Feature ;
rdfs:comment """A quantity is a representation of a quantifiable (standardised) aspect (such as length, mass, and time) of a phenomenon (e.g., a star, a molecule, or a food product). Quantities are classified according to similarity in their (implicit) metrological aspect, e.g. the length of my table and the length of my chair are both classified as length.
"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Quantity"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Temperature
om:Temperature rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Temperature is the extent to which an object is hot"@en ;
rdfs:label "Temperature"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Thickness
om:Thickness rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Length ;
rdfs:comment "The smallest dimension of a flat object, usually a mean value of several measurements"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thickness"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Time
om:Time rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Time is a base quantity in the International System of Units and other systems of units. It is measured by numbers of repetitions of cyclical events."@en ;
rdfs:label "Time"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Unit
om:Unit rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:comment "A unit of measure is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law. It is used as a standard for measurement of the same quantity, where any other value of the quantity can be expressed as a simple multiple of the unit. For example, length is a quantity; the metre is a unit of length that represents a definite predetermined length. When we say 10 metre (or 10 m), we actually mean 10 times the definite predetermined length called \"metre\"."@en ;
rdfs:label "unit"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Volume
om:Volume rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment """Volume is a measure of how much three-dimensional space any phenomenon occupies. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units
Volume is length to the power 3"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Volume"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/CompressiveStress
om:CompressiveStress rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Stress ;
rdfs:comment "Stress acting to compress an object, i.e. the force per unit area directed towards the material. Declared locally (subclass of om:Stress) so that gmat:CompressiveStrength remains under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ;
rdfs:label "Compressive stress"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Pressure
om:Pressure rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area. In sol-gel processing it covers autoclave and supercritical drying pressures, vacuum levels, and gas pressures. Declared locally so the class is available without resolving the OM-2 import"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Pressure"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/SpecificHeatCapacity
om:SpecificHeatCapacity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of substance by one kelvin. Declared locally so that gmat:SpecificHeatCapacity remains under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ;
rdfs:label "Specific heat capacity"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Stress
om:Stress rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Stress is the internal force per unit area within a material that arises from externally applied forces. Declared locally so that gmat:FlexuralStrength and om:CompressiveStress remain under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ;
rdfs:label "Stress"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ThermalConductivity
om:ThermalConductivity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Thermal conductivity is the property of a material to conduct heat. Declared locally so that gmat:ThermalConductivity remains under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermal conductivity"@en .
### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ThermalDiffusivity
om:ThermalDiffusivity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. Declared locally so that gmat:ThermalDiffusivity remains under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermal diffusivity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Density
gmat:Density rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The mass per unit volume of a material. Canonical unit: kg/m3 (SI); the lab convention g/cm3 (= 1000 kg/m3) is also common. Bulk density is typically 1-500 kg/m3 (0.001-0.5 g/cm3); skeletal density (determined by He pycnometry) is typically 1800-2200 kg/m3 (1.8-2.2 g/cm3) for silica"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Density"@en ;
skos:definition "The ratio of the mass of a material to its volume; for aerogels the bulk density captures the contribution of both the solid skeleton and the gas-filled pore space"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BulkDensity
gmat:BulkDensity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Density ;
rdfs:comment "The mass of a porous body divided by its envelope (geometric) volume, including the pore space. The most commonly reported density of aerogels, typically 1-500 kg/m3 (0.001-0.5 g/cm3) for silica aerogels; determined geometrically or by envelope (powder displacement) pycnometry"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Bulk density"@en ;
skos:definition "The density of a porous material computed over its envelope volume, i.e. including both the solid skeleton and the gas-filled pore space"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Envelope density"@en ,
"Apparent density"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SkeletalDensity
gmat:SkeletalDensity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Density ;
rdfs:comment "The mass of a porous body divided by the volume of its solid skeleton only, excluding open pore space; determined by helium pycnometry (gmat:SkeletalDensityMeasurement). Typically 1800-2200 kg/m3 (1.8-2.2 g/cm3) for silica aerogels"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Skeletal density"@en ;
skos:definition "The density of the solid skeleton of a porous material, computed over the skeletal volume that excludes open pores; measured by gas displacement (helium) pycnometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "True density"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TapDensity
gmat:TapDensity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Density ;
rdfs:comment "The bulk density of a powder or granulate after mechanical tapping of the container until no further volume change occurs; relevant for aerogel powders, beads, and granulates"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Tap density"@en ;
skos:definition "The density of a powder or granular material measured after tapping the container to a constant volume"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfaceArea
gmat:SurfaceArea rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The specific surface area (BET) of a porous material in m2/g, measured by N2 physisorption and analysis of the adsorption isotherm using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model. Aerogels typically exhibit 200-1000 m2/g"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Surface area"@en ;
skos:definition "The total internal and external surface area of a porous material per unit mass, determined by BET N2 physisorption; the primary indicator of aerogel texture and catalytic or adsorption capacity"@en ;
skos:altLabel "BET surface area"@en ,
"Specific surface area"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MeanPoreSize
gmat:MeanPoreSize rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Length ;
owl:equivalentClass pmat:MeanPoreDiameter ;
rdfs:comment "The average pore diameter of a porous material, typically determined from BJH analysis of desorption isotherms or from small-angle scattering; expressed in nanometres. Aerogels predominantly exhibit mesopores (2-50 nm). Equivalent to pmat:MeanPoreDiameter, which Polymat declares independently for membrane materials"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Mean pore size"@en ;
skos:definition "The average equivalent spherical diameter of the pore space distribution in a porous material, expressed in nanometres and typically determined by BJH desorption analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Average pore diameter"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CompressiveModulus
gmat:CompressiveModulus rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:ModulusOfElasticity ;
rdfs:comment "The ratio of compressive stress to compressive strain in the elastic region of the stress-strain curve, expressed in kPa or MPa. For aerogels this reflects network stiffness and cross-linking density"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Compressive modulus"@en ;
skos:definition "The elastic modulus measured under uniaxial compression, equal to the slope of the linear region of the compressive stress-strain curve"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Young's modulus (compression)"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalConductivity
gmat:ThermalConductivity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:ThermalConductivity ;
rdfs:comment "The property of a material to conduct heat, defined as the rate of heat flow through a unit thickness per unit area per unit temperature difference. For aerogels, low thermal conductivity is a key performance metric, with values typically in the range 0.012-0.025 W/(m*K)"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the rate of heat transfer through a material; expressed as an om:Measure with unit W/(m·K). Lower values indicate better thermal insulation."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Thermal conductivity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Porosity
gmat:Porosity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The ratio of void volume to total volume in a porous material, expressed as a fraction or percentage. Aerogels typically exhibit porosity > 90%, which directly impacts their thermal, acoustic, and mechanical properties"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the fraction of void space in a material relative to its total volume; expressed as an om:Measure with unit fraction (0–1) or percent."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Porosity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PoreSizeDistribution
gmat:PoreSizeDistribution rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "A statistical description of the range and frequency of pore sizes within a porous material, typically determined by BJH analysis or mercury intrusion porosimetry. Aerogels predominantly feature mesopores (2-50 nm)"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property describing the statistical distribution of pore sizes within a porous material, typically characterised by BJH analysis of N₂ adsorption isotherms."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Pore size distribution"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ContactAngle
gmat:ContactAngle rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The angle at which a liquid-vapor interface meets a solid surface, quantifying wettability. Key metric for hydrophobic aerogels (contact angle > 90 degrees) and superhydrophobic aerogels (contact angle > 150 degrees)"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the angle between a liquid droplet interface and a solid surface, used to quantify hydrophobicity; expressed as an om:Measure with unit degrees. Values above 90° indicate hydrophobic surfaces."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Contact angle"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CompressiveStrength
gmat:CompressiveStrength rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:CompressiveStress ;
rdfs:comment "The maximum compressive stress a material can sustain before fracture, yielding, or excessive deformation. A critical mechanical property for structural and load-bearing aerogel applications"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the maximum compressive stress a material can withstand before failure; expressed as an om:Measure with unit kPa or MPa."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Compressive strength"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Shrinkage
gmat:Shrinkage rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The relative dimensional change (linear or volumetric) of a gel during the drying process, expressed as a fraction or percentage. High shrinkage indicates capillary-force-driven pore collapse, common in ambient pressure drying"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the linear dimensional change of a gel or aerogel during processing (drying, aging) relative to the original gel dimension; expressed as an om:Measure with unit percent."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Shrinkage"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Transmittance
gmat:Transmittance rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The fraction of incident electromagnetic radiation that passes through a material at a given wavelength. Transparent silica aerogels can exhibit > 90% transmittance in the visible range"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the fraction of incident light transmitted through a material at a specified wavelength; expressed as an om:Measure with unit percent or dimensionless (0–1)."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Transmittance"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SpecificHeatCapacity
gmat:SpecificHeatCapacity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:SpecificHeatCapacity ;
rdfs:comment "The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of material by one degree, typically expressed in J/(kg*K). Relevant for aerogel thermal energy storage applications"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of material by one kelvin; expressed as an om:Measure with unit J/(kg·K)."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Specific heat capacity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/YoungsModulus
gmat:YoungsModulus rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:ModulusOfElasticity ;
rdfs:comment "The ratio of tensile (or uniaxial) stress to axial strain in the linear-elastic region of the stress-strain curve, expressed in Pa. Characterises the intrinsic stiffness of the aerogel solid network; typically 10^4-10^7 Pa for silica aerogels"@en ;
skos:definition "The elastic modulus relating uniaxial stress to axial strain in the linear-elastic regime; equal to the slope of the initial linear portion of the stress-strain curve"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Elastic modulus"@en ,
"Modulus of elasticity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Young's modulus"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FlexuralModulus
gmat:FlexuralModulus rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:ModulusOfElasticity ;
rdfs:comment "The ratio of stress to strain in flexural (bending) deformation, measured by three- or four-point bending, expressed in Pa"@en ;
skos:definition "The elastic modulus measured under bending load, equal to the slope of the linear region of the flexural stress-strain curve"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Bending modulus"@en ;
rdfs:label "Flexural modulus"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FlexuralStrength
gmat:FlexuralStrength rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Stress ;
rdfs:comment "The maximum stress at the outer fibre of a specimen at the point of failure under bending load, expressed in Pa"@en ;
skos:definition "The maximum bending stress a material can sustain before rupture, determined by three- or four-point flexural testing"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Modulus of rupture"@en ,
"Bending strength"@en ;
rdfs:label "Flexural strength"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PoissonRatio
gmat:PoissonRatio rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The negative ratio of transverse strain to axial strain under uniaxial load; a dimensionless elastic constant. Reported for aerogels to characterise their compressible, low-Poisson network (often 0.1-0.2)"@en ;
skos:definition "The dimensionless ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain in the direction of an applied uniaxial load"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Poisson's ratio"@en ;
rdfs:label "Poisson ratio"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalDiffusivity
gmat:ThermalDiffusivity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:ThermalDiffusivity ;
rdfs:comment "The rate at which heat diffuses through a material, equal to thermal conductivity divided by the product of density and specific heat capacity, expressed in m^2/s. Very low for aerogels, reflecting their insulating behaviour"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the rate of thermal diffusion through a material (thermal conductivity / (density × specific heat capacity)); expressed as an om:Measure with unit m²/s"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Thermal diffusivity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalExpansionCoefficient
gmat:ThermalExpansionCoefficient rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The fractional change in length (linear) per unit change in temperature at constant pressure, expressed in K^-1. OM-2 defines no dedicated class, so this quantity is placed directly under om:Quantity with a reciprocal-kelvin canonical unit"@en ;
skos:definition "A material property quantity representing the linear coefficient of thermal expansion, i.e. the relative change in a material's length per unit temperature change at constant pressure; expressed as an om:Measure with unit K⁻¹"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Coefficient of thermal expansion"@en ,
"CTE"@en ,
"Linear thermal expansion coefficient"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermal expansion coefficient"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ActivationEnergy
gmat:ActivationEnergy rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction; used in Arrhenius analysis of gelation kinetics. Typically expressed in kJ/mol"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:definition "A quantity representing the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, obtained in this domain from Arrhenius analysis of gelation kinetics"@en ;
rdfs:label "Activation energy"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Ea"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ArrheniusConstant
gmat:ArrheniusConstant rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The pre-exponential factor (A) in the Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(−Ea/RT), representing the frequency of molecular collisions with correct orientation. Units match the rate constant (e.g., s⁻¹ for first-order reactions)"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:definition "A quantity representing the pre-exponential factor A in the Arrhenius equation, reflecting the frequency of correctly oriented molecular collisions"@en ;
rdfs:label "Arrhenius pre-exponential factor"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Arrhenius constant"@en ,
"Frequency factor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CoefficientOfDetermination
gmat:CoefficientOfDetermination rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The coefficient of determination (R²) of a regression fit, quantifying the goodness of fit of a model to experimental data (e.g. an Arrhenius fit of gelation kinetics). Dimensionless, 0-1"@en ;
skos:definition "A dimensionless statistical quantity (0 ≤ R² ≤ 1) expressing the proportion of variance in observed data explained by a fitted model"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "R-squared"@en ,
"R²"@en ;
rdfs:label "Coefficient of determination"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity
prov:Activity rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:disjointWith prov:Entity ;
rdfs:comment "something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities. It may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities"@en ;
rdfs:label "Activity"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent
prov:Agent rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:disjointWith prov:InstantaneousEvent ;
rdfs:comment "something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Agent"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInfluence
prov:AgentInfluence rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf prov:Influence ;
rdfs:comment "the capacity of an agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of attribution, association, delegation, or other"@en ;
rdfs:label "Agent influence"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association
prov:Association rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf prov:AgentInfluence ;
rdfs:comment "an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Association"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution
prov:Attribution rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf prov:AgentInfluence ;
rdfs:comment "the ascribing of an entity to an agent"@en ;
rdfs:label "Attribution"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity
prov:Entity rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:disjointWith prov:InstantaneousEvent ;
rdfs:comment """a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects
(http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Entity"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInfluence
prov:EntityInfluence rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf prov:Influence ;
rdfs:comment "the capacity of an entity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, derivation, or other"@en ;
rdfs:label "Entity influence"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Influence
prov:Influence rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:comment "the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Influence"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent
prov:InstantaneousEvent rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:comment "marks a transition in the world. Instantaneous events include generation, usage, or invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities"@en ;
rdfs:label "Instantaneous event"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person
prov:Person rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf prov:Agent ;
rdfs:comment "Person agents are people."@en ;
rdfs:label "Person"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role
prov:Role rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:comment "the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end"@en ;
rdfs:label "Role"@en .
### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage
prov:Usage rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf prov:EntityInfluence ,
prov:InstantaneousEvent ;
rdfs:comment "the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Usage"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ATRPPolymerisation
pmat:ATRPPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:RadicalPolymerisation ;
rdfs:comment """A living polymerisation process where the chain initiation and chain propagation steps are atom transfer radical addition reactions. Often the atom transfer involves a radical halogen atom and the reaction is catalysed by a transition metal species
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000684)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Atom transfer radical polymerisation"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ATRP polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Accupyc
gmat:Accupyc rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "A gas pycnometer device for measuring skeletal densities of solid materials using helium displacement."@en ;
skos:definition "A gas displacement pycnometer instrument used to measure the skeletal density of solid materials by helium displacement"@en ;
rdfs:label "Accupyc"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Acetone
gmat:Acetone rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A volatile organic solvent (CH3COCH3) commonly used in solvent exchange for aerogel synthesis due to low surface tension and miscibility with alcohols"@en ;
skos:definition "The ketone solvent propan-2-one (CH3COCH3), used in solvent exchange during aerogel synthesis owing to its miscibility and volatility"@en ;
rdfs:label "Acetone"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Acid
gmat:Acid rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A chemical entity capable of donating a proton (Bronsted acid) or accepting an electron pair (Lewis acid). Acids serve as catalysts in many sol-gel processes for aerogel synthesis"@en ;
skos:definition "A chemical entity capable of donating a proton (Bronsted acid) or accepting an electron pair (Lewis acid)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Acid"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Aerogel
gmat:Aerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gel ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:wasProducedBy ;
owl:someValuesFrom pmat:Drying
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:hasDensity ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:Density
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:hasSurfaceArea ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:SurfaceArea
] ;
owl:disjointWith gmat:Alcogel ,
gmat:Hydrogel ,
gmat:Xerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel is a porous solid material obtained by replacing the liquid phase of a gel with a gas, typically through supercritical drying, while largely retaining the gel’s original network structure."@en ;
skos:closeMatch , ;
skos:definition "A porous solid material derived from a gel in which the liquid component has been replaced by a gas without significant collapse of the solid network structure, yielding extremely low density, high porosity, and high specific surface area"@en ;
rdfs:label "Aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AerogelDefect
gmat:AerogelDefect rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Feature ;
rdfs:comment "A structural or quality defect borne by an aerogel — a persisting deviation from the intended structure or quality that arises during synthesis or processing. Subclasses denote the defect state (a specifically dependent continuant inhering in the material), not the formation event; the event that produces a defect should be modelled as a process if needed."@en ;
skos:definition "A specifically dependent continuant feature of an aerogel material that constitutes a deviation from the intended structure, composition, or quality of the material"@en ;
rdfs:label "Aerogel defect"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AerogelSynthesis
gmat:AerogelSynthesis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000051 ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:SolFormation
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000051 ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:Gelation
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000051 ;
owl:someValuesFrom pmat:Drying
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom pmat:Monomer
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf ( pmat:Substance
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty prov:hadRole ;
owl:someValuesFrom pmat:Catalyst
]
) ;
rdf:type owl:Class
]
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf ( pmat:Substance
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty prov:hadRole ;
owl:someValuesFrom pmat:Solvent
]
) ;
rdf:type owl:Class
]
] ;
rdfs:comment "The complete process of synthesizing aerogels from precursor materials through sol-gel chemistry followed by a drying step. Only sol formation, gelation, and drying are asserted as required parts (owl:someValuesFrom); aging, solvent exchange, and surface modification are common but optional steps that many published syntheses omit, so they carry no existential restriction here — asserting them would make every extracted synthesis without such a step inconsistent under OWL reasoning"@en ;
skos:definition "The complete multi-step process of producing an aerogel from precursor substances, comprising at minimum sol formation, gelation, and a drying step that preserves pore structure; aging, solvent exchange, and surface modification are frequent optional steps"@en ;
rdfs:label "Aerogel synthesis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/APDAerogelSynthesis
gmat:APDAerogelSynthesis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AerogelSynthesis ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000051 ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:SurfaceModification
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000051 ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:AmbientPressureDrying
] ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel synthesis route using ambient pressure drying (APD). Requires a surface modification step (typically silylation with TMCS or HMDS) between solvent exchange and drying to prevent capillary collapse during the drying step"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel synthesis route in which the wet gel is dried at ambient pressure after mandatory surface silylation; avoids high-pressure equipment of supercritical drying by preventing capillary collapse through hydrophobic surface modification"@en ;
rdfs:label "Ambient pressure drying aerogel synthesis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "APD synthesis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Aging
gmat:Aging rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:comment "Post-gelation maturation process where the gel network strengthens through continued condensation reactions and Ostwald ripening. Typically performed by keeping the wet gel immersed in solvent at elevated temperature"@en ;
skos:definition "Post-gelation maturation in which the wet gel is kept immersed in solvent at elevated temperature to strengthen the network via continued condensation reactions, Ostwald ripening, and syneresis, reducing later shrinkage during drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Aging"@en .
gmat:Aging gmat:hasStepOrder "3"^^xsd:positiveInteger .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Alcogel
gmat:Alcogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:WetGel ;
owl:disjointWith gmat:Hydrogel ;
rdfs:comment "An alcogel is a gel in which the liquid phase consists mainly of an alcohol or alcohol-rich solvent mixture."@en ;
skos:definition "A wet gel in which the liquid pore phase consists primarily of an alcohol or alcohol-rich solvent mixture, formed after solvent exchange from the initial aqueous sol or directly from alkoxide precursors"@en ;
rdfs:label "Alcogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Alcohol
gmat:Alcohol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "Any organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups bound to saturated carbon; commonly used as solvent or reagent"@en ;
skos:definition "An organic compound bearing one or more hydroxyl groups bound to saturated carbon atoms"@en ;
rdfs:label "Alcohol"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AlkoxideSolution
gmat:AlkoxideSolution rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A solution containing metal alkoxide precursor dissolved in organic solvent, prepared as an intermediate in sol-gel synthesis"@en ;
skos:definition "A solution of a metal or silicon alkoxide precursor in an organic solvent, prepared as an intermediate in sol-gel synthesis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Alkoxide solution"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AmbientPressureDrying
gmat:AmbientPressureDrying rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Drying ;
rdfs:comment "Drying method performed at atmospheric pressure, typically requiring surface modification to prevent capillary collapse"@en ;
skos:definition "A drying method performed at atmospheric pressure in which capillary collapse is prevented by prior surface silylation of the gel, allowing the hydrophobic network to spring back after compression and recover its pore volume"@en ;
rdfs:label "Ambient pressure drying"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Evaporative drying"@en ,
"APD"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AmmoniumCompound
gmat:AmmoniumCompound rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A compound containing the ammonium cation (NH4+); includes salts and aqueous ammonia species used in catalysis and pH control"@en ;
skos:definition "A chemical compound containing the ammonium cation (NH4+)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Ammonium Compound"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AmmoniumFluoride
gmat:AmmoniumFluoride rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:FluorideSalt ;
rdfs:comment "NH4F, a water-soluble fluoride salt used as an additive or etchant; can influence hydrolysis/condensation kinetics in silica sol–gel systems"@en ;
skos:definition "The water-soluble fluoride salt NH4F, used as an additive that modifies condensation kinetics in silica sol-gel systems"@en ;
rdfs:label "Ammonium fluoride"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AmmoniumHydroxide
gmat:AmmoniumHydroxide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AmmoniumCompound ;
rdfs:comment "Aqueous ammonia solution (NH3·H2O) commonly referred to as ammonium hydroxide; provides basic conditions and acts as a base catalyst in sol–gel reactions"@en ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_51302 ;
skos:definition "An aqueous solution of ammonia that provides basic conditions and acts as a base catalyst in sol-gel reactions"@en ;
rdfs:label "Ammonium Hydroxide"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Analysis
pmat:Analysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Method ;
rdfs:comment "An act of determining the physical properties or chemical composition of an object"@en ;
skos:closeMatch , ;
rdfs:label "Analysis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/AnionicPolymerisation
pmat:AnionicPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ChainGrowthPolymerisation ;
rdfs:comment """An ionic polymerisation in which the active centers are anionic
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000636)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Anionic polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/AnnotatedData
pmat:AnnotatedData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Experimental data with additional information or labels assigned to them"@en ;
rdfs:label "Annotated data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Apparatus
pmat:Apparatus rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Device ;
rdfs:comment "A thing designed to carry out a particular task or activity during experiment (e.g. containing a chemical reaction, measuring liquids), not plugged into an electrical source, not a machine"@en ;
rdfs:label "Apparatus"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Arithmetic
pmat:Arithmetic rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Calculation ;
rdfs:comment "Calculations involving the traditional operations on numbers (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, extraction of roots)."@en ;
rdfs:label "Arithmetic"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/AtomicForceMicroscope
pmat:AtomicForceMicroscope rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Microscope ;
rdfs:comment """A microscope which uses a sharp spike tip mounted on the end of a cantilever to scan the surface of the specimen; an image of the surface is obtained by mechanically moving the probe in a raster scan of the specimen, line by line, and recording the force experienced by the tip as a function of position; a feedback loop is used to maintain a fixed relationship between the tip and surface during scanning
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000954)"""@en ,
"""A scanning probe microscope that has nanometer resolution. It consists of a microscale cantilever, a laser, an array of photodiodes and a detection system
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C78804)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Atomic force microscope"@en ;
skos:altLabel "AFM"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Author
pmat:Author rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The originator or creator of a work"@en ;
rdfs:label "Author"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BETAnalysis
gmat:BETAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PorosityMeasurement ;
rdfs:comment "Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis for determining specific surface area from gas adsorption isotherms"@en ;
skos:definition "A porosity measurement in which specific surface area is determined from a gas adsorption isotherm using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model"@en ;
rdfs:label "BET analysis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BJHAnalysis
gmat:BJHAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PorosityMeasurement ;
rdfs:comment "Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analysis for determining pore size distribution from gas desorption isotherms"@en ;
skos:definition "A porosity measurement in which pore size distribution is determined from a gas desorption isotherm using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda model"@en ;
rdfs:label "BJH analysis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Base
gmat:Base rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A Bronsted base capable of accepting a proton. Bases serve as catalysts for condensation reactions in sol-gel processing (e.g. ammonium hydroxide, ammonium fluoride, sodium hydroxide)"@en ;
skos:definition "A chemical entity capable of accepting a proton (Bronsted base) or donating an electron pair (Lewis base)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Base"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AcidCatalyst
gmat:AcidCatalyst rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Acid ;
rdfs:comment "A Bronsted or Lewis acid used specifically as a catalyst in sol-gel hydrolysis and condensation reactions (e.g. HCl, HNO3, acetic acid, oxalic acid). Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state that a substance functions as a catalyst in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a pmat:Catalyst]"@en ;
skos:definition "An acid employed as a catalyst; in sol-gel processing, promotes hydrolysis of alkoxide precursors under acidic conditions"@en ;
rdfs:label "Acid catalyst"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Acid catalytic agent"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BaseCatalyst
gmat:BaseCatalyst rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Base ;
rdfs:comment "A class of chemical substances that provide basic conditions or catalyze base-mediated reactions (e.g., deprotonation, nucleophilic activation) in a process. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state that a substance functions as a catalyst in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a pmat:Catalyst]"@en ;
skos:definition "A base employed as a catalyst; in sol-gel processing, promotes condensation reactions under basic conditions"@en ;
rdfs:label "Base Catalyst"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Beads
gmat:Beads rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Geometry ;
rdfs:comment "Small spherical or granule-shaped material geometry, often produced by dropping sol into a bath or dispersion."@en ;
skos:definition "A sample geometry consisting of small spherical or granular pieces, often produced by dropping a sol into a bath or dispersion"@en ;
rdfs:label "Beads"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BioAerogel
gmat:BioAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PolymerAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel derived from biological materials such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate, or proteins"@en ;
skos:definition "A polymer aerogel derived from biopolymers such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate, or proteins"@en ;
rdfs:label "Biopolymer aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/BlockCopolymer
pmat:BlockCopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Copolymer ;
rdfs:comment """A polymer which is composed of two or more blocks of homopolymers in a linear sequence.
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53511)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Block copolymer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/BoilingPoint
pmat:BoilingPoint rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Temperature ;
rdfs:comment "The temperature at which a liquid experiences a phase transition or aggregation state change into the gas phase"@en ;
rdfs:label "Boiling point"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Building
pmat:Building rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:PhysicalLocation ;
rdfs:comment "An enclosed construction with walls and roof"@en ;
rdfs:label "Building"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CO2SupplySystem
gmat:CO2SupplySystem rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "System for storing and delivering CO2 for supercritical drying processes"@en ;
skos:definition "Equipment that stores and delivers carbon dioxide to a supercritical drying process"@en ;
rdfs:label "CO2 supply system"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Calculation
pmat:Calculation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000015 ;
rdfs:comment "The process of finding an amount or number using mathematics."@en ;
rdfs:label "Calculation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OrganicAerogel
gmat:OrganicAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Aerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel in which the solid framework is composed of organic macromolecules (polymers, biopolymers) rather than inorganic networks or elemental carbon"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel whose solid framework consists of an organic polymer network (e.g. resorcinol-formaldehyde, polyimide, cellulose). Distinguished from carbon aerogels by retention of organic functional groups and from inorganic aerogels by the absence of metal oxide or silica frameworks"@en ;
rdfs:label "Organic aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonAerogel
gmat:CarbonAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Aerogel ;
owl:disjointWith gmat:OrganicAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel with a purely carbonaceous framework, produced by pyrolysis of an organic precursor aerogel (e.g. resorcinol-formaldehyde) above 700 °C in inert atmosphere. The pyrolysis destroys all organic bonds, leaving an electrically conductive elemental carbon network. Not subclassed under OrganicAerogel — carbon aerogels contain no C-H bonds"@en ;
rdfs:label "Carbon aerogel"@en ;
skos:definition "A pyrolysed aerogel whose solid framework consists of elemental (sp² or sp³ hybridised) carbon, distinct from organic aerogels which retain organic polymer backbones"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Activated carbon aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Catalyst
pmat:Catalyst rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change"@en ;
rdfs:label "Catalyst"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CatalystSolution
gmat:CatalystSolution rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A solution containing catalysts and solvents prepared for mixing with precursor solution to initiate sol-gel reactions"@en ;
skos:definition "A solution of a catalyst in a solvent, prepared for addition to a precursor solution to initiate or accelerate sol-gel reactions"@en ;
rdfs:label "Catalyst solution"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/CationicPolymerisation
pmat:CationicPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ChainGrowthPolymerisation ;
rdfs:comment """An ionic polymerisation in which the active centers are cationic
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000638)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Cationic polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ChainGrowthPolymerisation
gmat:ChainGrowthPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:PolymerSynthesis ;
rdfs:comment """A reaction in which the growth of a polymer chain proceeds exclusively by reaction between a monomer and the reactive site on the polymer chain with regeneration of the reactive site at the end of each growth step
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000634)"""@en ;
skos:definition "A polymer synthesis in which chain growth proceeds exclusively by reaction between monomer and a reactive site on the growing chain, with regeneration of the reactive site at each step"@en ;
rdfs:label "Chain growth polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/CharacteristicPeakValueOfEDXSpectrum
pmat:CharacteristicPeakValueOfEDXSpectrum rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Peak value in an EDX spectrum that is unique for a chemical substance"@en ;
rdfs:label "Characteristic peak value of EDX spectrum"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/CharacteristicPeakValueOfFTIRSpectrum
pmat:CharacteristicPeakValueOfFTIRSpectrum rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Peak value in an FTIR spectrum that is unique for a chemical substance"@en ;
rdfs:label "Characteristic peak value of FTIR spectrum"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ChemicalAnalysis
pmat:ChemicalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment """The process of identifying, separating and quantifying the components of a sample to understand its nature and composition.
(https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/chemistry/chemical-analysis/e)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Chemical analysis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Clerk
pmat:Clerk rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A person who serves clients performing laboratory duties"@en ;
rdfs:label "Clerk"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Client
pmat:Client rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A person who receives or buys laboratory service"@en ;
rdfs:label "Client"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Coating
pmat:Coating rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Applying a covering to the surface of an object (usually referred to as the substrate)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Coating"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CompositeAerogel
gmat:CompositeAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Aerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel containing reinforcing materials or fillers embedded within the aerogel matrix, such as fiber-reinforced aerogels"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel containing reinforcing materials or fillers embedded within the aerogel matrix"@en ;
rdfs:label "Composite aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CompressionTesting
gmat:CompressionTesting rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of mechanical strength and stress-strain behavior under compressive loads"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that measures the stress-strain behaviour and strength of a material under compressive load"@en ;
rdfs:label "Compression testing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ComputationalModel
pmat:ComputationalModel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Procedure ;
rdfs:comment "The use of computers to simulate and study a complex system or a procedure"@en ;
rdfs:label "Computational model"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Computer
pmat:Computer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Device ;
rdfs:comment "An electronic device used to process information that can be stored in the form of numbers or a continuous signal"@en ;
rdfs:label "Computer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CoolingSystem
gmat:CoolingSystem rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment for controlled cooling during processing"@en ;
skos:definition "Equipment that provides controlled cooling during processing"@en ;
rdfs:label "Cooling system"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/CoordinationPolymerisation
pmat:CoordinationPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ChainGrowthPolymerisation ;
rdfs:comment """A form of polymerisation that is catalyzed by transition metal salts and complexes
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_polymerization)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Coordination polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Copolymer
pmat:Copolymer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Polymer ;
rdfs:comment """A polymer composed of macromolecules that are derived from two or more species of monomer
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60804)
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53310)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Copolymer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/CouplingReactionPolycondensation
pmat:CouplingReactionPolycondensation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Polycondensation ;
rdfs:comment "A polycondensation enabled by coupling reactions, formation of new carbon-carbon bonds catalysed by metal complexes"@en ;
rdfs:label "Coupling reaction polycondensation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cracking
gmat:Cracking rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AerogelDefect ;
rdfs:comment "The defect state of one or more cracks being present in the aerogel structure. Typically results from capillary stress or rapid pressure/temperature changes during drying — but this class denotes the persisting crack feature, not the crack-formation event."@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel defect consisting of one or more fracture discontinuities in the solid network of the material"@en ;
rdfs:label "Crack"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Cracking"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CreationProcess
gmat:CreationProcess rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Method ;
rdfs:comment "An action of bringing something into existence"@en ;
skos:closeMatch , ;
skos:definition "A method by which a material entity is brought into existence, comprising the constituent steps of a synthesis workflow"@en ;
rdfs:label "Creation process"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Crosslinker
gmat:Crosslinker rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A chemical agent that forms bonds between polymer chains to create network structures. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state the function in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a gmat:CrosslinkerRole]"@en ;
skos:definition "A chemical agent that forms covalent or physical bonds between polymer chains, producing a three-dimensional network structure"@en ;
rdfs:label "Crosslinker"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/CrystallizationTemperature
pmat:CrystallizationTemperature rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Temperature ;
rdfs:comment """A factor which influences the formation of a crystal (highly ordered structure of atoms, ions, or molecules) from a liquid o more rarely directly from gas
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Crystallization temperature"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/DataFormat
pmat:DataFormat rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment """The definition of the structure of data within a database or file system that gives the information its meaning
(https://c3.ai/glossary/features/data-format/)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Data format"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/DataRepository
pmat:DataRepository rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DigitalLocation ;
rdfs:comment "A space or location where data is stored"@en ;
rdfs:label "Data repository"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/DataType
pmat:DataType rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Feature ;
rdfs:comment "specific category of data"@en ;
rdfs:label "Data type"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Depressurization
gmat:Depressurization rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Controlled reduction of pressure during supercritical drying to return to ambient conditions, performed slowly to avoid re-condensation of supercritical fluid"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which pressure is reduced in a controlled manner, in supercritical drying performed slowly to avoid re-condensation of the fluid"@en ;
rdfs:label "Depressurization"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Derivation
gmat:Derivation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf prov:Influence ;
rdfs:comment "A transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity"@en ;
skos:definition "A transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing one"@en ;
rdfs:label "Derivation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Device
pmat:Device rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000040 ;
rdfs:comment "A physical thing made to fulfill a specific purpose"@en ;
rdfs:label "Device"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/DifferentialScanningCalorimeter
pmat:DifferentialScanningCalorimeter rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:ThermodynamicTestEquipment ;
rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment that is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes for both a sample and a reference
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0002200)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Differential scanning calorimeter"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/DiffusionCoefficient
pmat:DiffusionCoefficient rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment """The proportionality constant between the molar flux of dissolved species (number of moles per unit time per unit area) due to diffusion and the negative value of the gradient in the concentration of the species
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_diffusivity)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Diffusion coefficient"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Diffusivity"@en ,
"Mass diffusivity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/DigitalData
pmat:DigitalData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data that exist in digital environments, e.g. digital files"@en ;
rdfs:label "Digital data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/DigitalLocation
pmat:DigitalLocation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Location ;
rdfs:comment "An electronic location used for communication between computer systems"@en ;
rdfs:label "Digital location"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DissolutionParticipation
gmat:DissolutionParticipation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:GelationPathway ;
rdfs:comment "A gelation pathway mechanism involving significant dissolution and reprecipitation processes"@en ;
skos:definition "A gelation pathway in which dissolution and reprecipitation of solid species contribute significantly to network formation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Dissolution-participation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Dissolving
pmat:Dissolving rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Adding the object into a liquid and creating a homogeneous mixture (liquid in liquid = diluting, solid in liquid = dissolving)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Dissolving"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Document
pmat:Document rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ,
pmat:Object ;
rdfs:comment "Records providing information or evidence of a process, an event or a subject that serves as an authority or for reference"@en ;
rdfs:label "Document"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DogBone
gmat:DogBone rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Geometry ;
rdfs:comment "A specimen geometry with wider ends and a narrower central region (gauge length), typically used for tensile testing to ensure failure occurs in the gauge section."@en ;
skos:definition "A sample geometry with wider ends and a narrower central gauge region, used in tensile testing to localise failure in the gauge length"@en ;
rdfs:label "Dog Bone"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Downsizing
pmat:Downsizing rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Reducing in volume and weight"@en ;
rdfs:label "Downsizing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Dryer
gmat:Dryer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Laboratory or industrial equipment designed for removing solvents or moisture from materials through controlled heating, vacuum, or other drying mechanisms"@en ;
skos:definition "Equipment designed to remove solvent or moisture from a material by controlled heating, vacuum, sublimation, or supercritical extraction"@en ;
rdfs:label "Dryer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Drying
pmat:Drying rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment """A mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drying)"""@en ;
skos:definition "The final step of aerogel synthesis in which the pore liquid is removed from the wet gel while preserving the porous network structure; route determines whether the product is an aerogel (structure preserved) or xerogel (structure collapsed)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Drying"@en .
pmat:Drying gmat:hasStepOrder "5"^^xsd:positiveInteger .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DryingControlChemicalAdditive
gmat:DryingControlChemicalAdditive rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "Chemical additives (DCCA) used to reduce capillary stress and prevent cracking during ambient pressure drying. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state the function in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a gmat:DryingControlAdditiveRole]"@en ;
skos:definition "A chemical additive incorporated into a sol to reduce capillary stress and prevent cracking during drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Drying control chemical additive"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DCCA"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Duration
gmat:Duration rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Time ;
rdfs:comment "A quantity representing the length of time over which a process or event occurs, typically expressed in seconds, minutes, or hours"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:definition "A quantity representing the length of time over which a process or event extends"@en ;
rdfs:label "Duration"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ELN
pmat:ELN rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Software ;
rdfs:comment "A computer software developed to replace paper laboratory notebooks to help document experiments"@en ;
rdfs:label "ELN"@en ,
"Electronic Laboratory Notebook"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ELNRecords
pmat:ELNRecords rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Document ;
rdfs:comment "Digital and organised documentation of laboratory activities and data within an Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) system"@en ;
rdfs:label "ELN records"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Elastomer
pmat:Elastomer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Plastic ;
rdfs:comment """A polymer that displays rubber-like elasticity
(https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/ET07547)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Elastomer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ElectricTestingEquipment
pmat:ElectricTestingEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment that applies a voltage or current to a sample for analysis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Electric testing equipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/EnvelopeProduction
pmat:EnvelopeProduction rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:comment """Preparation of an envelope (pocket), two membrane sheets separated by a highly porous support
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Envelope production"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Equipment
pmat:Equipment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Device ;
owl:disjointWith pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A set of instruments and other elements (e.g. tools) designed to perform a certain activity, powered by electricity, in a stand-alone setup"@en ;
skos:closeMatch , ;
rdfs:label "Equipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ErlenmeyerFlask
pmat:ErlenmeyerFlask rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Apparatus ;
rdfs:comment "A type of laboratory flask (with a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck) used to contain liquids and for liquid handling processes"@en ;
rdfs:label "Erlenmeyer flask"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Ethanol
gmat:Ethanol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Alcohol ;
rdfs:comment "A primary aliphatic alcohol (C2H5OH), volatile and miscible with water; widely used as a laboratory solvent and processing medium"@en ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_16236 ;
skos:definition "The primary aliphatic alcohol C2H5OH, used as a solvent, reactant, and pore liquid in sol-gel processing"@en ;
pmat:hasAcronym "EtOH" ;
rdfs:label "Ethanol"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ExchangeRatio
gmat:ExchangeRatio rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "Volume ratio of fresh solvent to gel volume during solvent exchange cycles"@en ;
skos:definition "A process parameter representing the volume ratio of fresh solvent to gel during a solvent exchange cycle"@en ;
rdfs:label "Exchange ratio"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Experiment
pmat:Experiment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000015 ;
rdfs:comment "A process in which hypothesis is tested in a controllable environment or a collection of quantitative data that describes a property of an entity or event."@en ;
rdfs:label "Experiment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ExperimentRequestSubmission
pmat:ExperimentRequestSubmission rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000015 ;
rdfs:comment "A process of requesting for an experiment to be performed."@en ;
rdfs:label "Experiment request submission"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/FOSSSoftware
pmat:FOSSSoftware rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Software ;
rdfs:comment "A computer software considered both free software and open-source software"@en ;
rdfs:label "FOSS software"@en ,
"Free and open-source software"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/FTIRSpectrometer
pmat:FTIRSpectrometer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Spectrometer ;
rdfs:comment """Equipment consisting of an infrared laser, an interferometer and a detector, which is used to measure spectra in the infrared range; the spectrometer measures the amount of infrared radiation not absorbed by the sample, and the application of a Fourier transform converts the resulting time domain digital signal into a frequency domain digital signal
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001823)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometer"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FTIR spectrometer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Feature
pmat:Feature rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000020 ;
rdfs:comment "A distinctive attribute or aspect of something,"@en ;
rdfs:label "Feature"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Feed
pmat:Feed rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The substance that is directed into the membrane for filtration"@en ;
rdfs:label "Feed"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Fitting
pmat:Fitting rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Calculation ;
rdfs:comment "A process of choosing value for parameters in a mathematical function to best describe a set of data."@en ;
rdfs:label "Fitting"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatSheetEnvelopeModule
pmat:FlatSheetEnvelopeModule rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Module ;
rdfs:comment """Assembly of envelopes (pockets), each containing two membrane sheets separated by a highly porous support; in a module several such envelopes are wound around a tube to create a tangential flow geometry and to reduce membrane fouling
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Flat sheet envelope module"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Flat sheet spiralwound module"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatSheetMembraneCasting
pmat:FlatSheetMembraneCasting rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembraneFabrication ;
rdfs:comment """Manual or machine preparation of a membrane by extending a polymer solution over a planar support followed by solvent evaporation or coagulation in a nonsolvent
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/flat-sheet-membrane)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Flat sheet membrane casting"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatSheetMembraneCoating
pmat:FlatSheetMembraneCoating rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembraneFabrication ;
rdfs:comment """Adding a layer which delivers the desired membrane property (e.g., high selectivity)
(https://liqtech.com/ceramic-membranes-dpf/silicon-carbide-ceramic-membrane/what-does-the-membrane-coating-do/)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Flat sheet membrane coating"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatSheetSpiralwoundModule
pmat:FlatSheetSpiralwoundModule rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Module ;
rdfs:comment """flat sheet spiral wound module = Flat sheet envelope module – assembly of envelopes (pockets), each containing two membrane sheets separated by a highly porous support. In a module several such envelopes are wound around a tube to create a tangential flow geometry and to reduce membrane fouling
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Flat sheet spiralwound module"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatsheetMembraneCastingMachine
pmat:FlatsheetMembraneCastingMachine rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "A machine to create flatsheet membranes by blade-casting a solution onto a, usually nonwoven, substrate"@en ;
rdfs:label "Flatsheet membrane casting machine"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatsheetMembraneCoatingMachine
pmat:FlatsheetMembraneCoatingMachine rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "A machine to coat an additional layer onto a flatsheet membrane by blade-casting a solution onto it"@en ;
rdfs:label "Flatsheet membrane coating machine"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FluorideAdditive
gmat:FluorideAdditive rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A class of fluoride-containing substances added in small amounts to modify reaction pathways, surface chemistry, or microstructure during processing"@en ;
skos:definition "A fluoride-containing substance added in small amounts to modify hydrolysis-condensation kinetics, surface chemistry, or microstructure"@en ;
rdfs:label "Fluoride additive"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FluorideSalt
gmat:FluorideSalt rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "An ionic compound containing fluoride anions (F−) paired with a metal or ammonium cation; used for etching, complexation, or catalytic effects"@en ;
skos:definition "An ionic compound of the fluoride anion with a metal or ammonium cation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Fluoride Salt"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ForceCell
gmat:ForceCell rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "A sensor designed to convert mechanical force to electric signal."@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument that converts mechanical force into an electrical signal for quantitative force measurement"@en ;
rdfs:label "Load Cell"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FreezeDrying
gmat:FreezeDrying rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Drying ;
rdfs:comment "Drying method where the solvent is frozen and then sublimated under vacuum, producing cryogels with distinct morphology"@en ;
skos:definition "A drying method in which the pore solvent is frozen and removed by sublimation under reduced pressure, yielding cryogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Freeze drying"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Lyophilization"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FreezeDryer
gmat:FreezeDryer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Dryer ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment that removes liquid from a frozen material by sublimation under reduced pressure (lyophilisation). Used in aerogel production via the freeze-drying route to obtain cryogels"@en ;
skos:definition "A dryer that removes frozen solvent from a material by sublimation under reduced pressure (lyophilisation)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Freeze Dryer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/GasPermeationEquipment
pmat:GasPermeationEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure properties of the permeation of gases through membranes"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gas permeation equipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/GasPermeationPressureIncreaseMachine
pmat:GasPermeationPressureIncreaseMachine rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:GasPermeationEquipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure gas permeation properties in membranes in dependence of the pressure of the feed gas"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gas permeation pressure increase machine"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/GasPermeationTimeLagMachine
pmat:GasPermeationTimeLagMachine rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:GasPermeationEquipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure gas permeation properties in membranes in dependence of time at constant feed gas pressure"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gas permeation time lag machine"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gel
gmat:Gel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A gel is a soft material entity consisting of a continuous solid network permeated by a liquid phase, exhibiting both solid-like and liquid-like properties"@en ;
skos:definition "A nonfluid colloidal or polymer network that is expanded throughout its whole volume by a fluid, exhibiting both solid-like and liquid-like properties"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gelation
gmat:Gelation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom pmat:Monomer
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf ( pmat:Substance
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty prov:hadRole ;
owl:someValuesFrom pmat:Catalyst
]
) ;
rdf:type owl:Class
]
] ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000051 ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:SolGelTransition
] ;
rdfs:comment "The sol-gel transition process where a liquid colloidal solution transforms into a solid gel network through hydrolysis and condensation reactions"@en ;
skos:definition "The sol-gel process stage in which condensation reactions cause the growing network to span the entire reaction volume, producing a solid gel at the gel point (SolGelTransition); the sol irreversibly loses fluidity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gelation"@en .
gmat:Gelation gmat:hasStepOrder "2"^^xsd:positiveInteger .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GelationPathway
gmat:GelationPathway rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Feature ;
rdfs:comment "The mechanistic route by which a sol transforms into a gel network. A GelationPathway describes the mechanism, not the process itself — it is a feature of the gelation, not an instance of it"@en ;
skos:definition "The mechanistic route by which a sol transforms into a gel network; describes the mechanism of a gelation, not the process itself"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gelation pathway"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Gelation mechanism"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AcidCatalysisPathway
gmat:AcidCatalysisPathway rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:GelationPathway ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:realisedAs ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:AcidCatalysis
] ;
skos:definition "A gelation pathway realised through acid catalysis: pre-hydrolysis at low pH followed by slow condensation, producing weakly branched polymeric network gels with small, homogeneous pores."@en ;
rdfs:label "Acid Catalysis Pathway"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BaseCatalysisPathway
gmat:BaseCatalysisPathway rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:GelationPathway ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:realisedAs ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:BaseCatalysis
] ;
skos:definition "A gelation pathway realised through base catalysis: fast condensation relative to hydrolysis at high pH, producing highly branched colloidal aggregation networks with larger pore sizes."@en ;
rdfs:label "Base Catalysis Pathway"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TwoStepCatalysisPathway
gmat:TwoStepCatalysisPathway rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:GelationPathway ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:realisedAs ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:TwoStepCatalysis
] ;
skos:definition "A gelation pathway combining an acid pre-hydrolysis step with a subsequent base addition step; the standard pathway for MTMS and BTMSE-based aerogel synthesis."@en ;
rdfs:label "Two-Step Catalysis Pathway"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/GenericDevice
pmat:GenericDevice rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Device ;
rdfs:comment "A concrete device identified by its function or type, without needing to specify a unique identifier or detailed characteristics (e.g., any thermometer used to measure temperature)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Generic device"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/GeoLocation
pmat:GeoLocation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:PhysicalLocation ;
rdfs:comment "Geographic coordinates of something"@en ;
rdfs:label "GeoLocation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Geometry
gmat:Geometry rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Feature ;
rdfs:comment "The shape, size, and physical configuration of a material entity."@en ;
skos:definition "A feature representing the shape and physical configuration of a material entity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Geometry"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Geopyc
gmat:Geopyc rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "Device for measuring envelope density of materials."@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument that measures the envelope density of a material by quasi-fluid displacement"@en ;
rdfs:label "Geopyc"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/GlassTransitionTemperature
pmat:GlassTransitionTemperature rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Temperature ;
rdfs:comment """The gradual and reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle glassy state into a viscous or rubbery state as the temperature is increased
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Glass transition temperature"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/GradientCopolymer
pmat:GradientCopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Copolymer ;
rdfs:comment """A copolymer with a gradual change in monomer composition along the polymer chain from predominantly one species to predominantly the other, unlike with block copolymers, which have an abrupt change in composition
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_copolymer)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Gradient copolymer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/GraftCopolymer
pmat:GraftCopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Copolymer ;
rdfs:comment """A special type of branched copolymer wherein the side chains are structurally distinct from the main chain
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copolymer)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Graft copolymer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeatFlowMeter
gmat:HeatFlowMeter rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "Device for measuring thermal conductivity of the material."@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument that measures the thermal conductivity of a material from the heat flux through a specimen under a temperature gradient"@en ;
rdfs:label "Heat Flow Meter"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeatingBath
gmat:HeatingBath rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "Temperature-controlled liquid bath for uniform heating of samples"@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument consisting of a temperature-controlled liquid bath used for uniform heating of samples"@en ;
rdfs:label "Heating bath"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Oil bath"@en ,
"Water bath"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/HollowFiberMembraneSpinning
pmat:HollowFiberMembraneSpinning rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembraneFabrication ;
rdfs:comment """Production of hollow fiber membranes by extrusion of polymer melt or solution through a spinneret
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_fiber_membrane)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Hollow fiber membrane spinning"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/HollowFibreMembraneSpinningEquipment
pmat:HollowFibreMembraneSpinningEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "A machine to create hollow fibre membranes by extruding a solution through one or multiple nozzles into a precipitation bath"@en ;
rdfs:label "Hollow fibre membrane spinning equipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/HollowFibreModule
pmat:HollowFibreModule rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Module ;
rdfs:comment """A bundle of hollow fibres packed in a pressure vessel, with the permeate passing either out of the fibers (bore-side feed) or into them (shell-side feed)
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/hollow-fibre-module)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Hollow fibre module"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Homopolymer
pmat:Homopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Polymer ;
rdfs:comment """A polymer derived from identical monomer units
(http://materialsmine.org/ns/Homopolymer)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Homopolymer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/HotPlate
pmat:HotPlate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "An electric instrument that creates a hot surface"@en ;
rdfs:label "Hot plate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HybridAerogel
gmat:HybridAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Aerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel composed of both organic and inorganic components, combining properties of different material classes"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel composed of two or more chemically distinct network components, at least one of which is organic and at least one inorganic, covalently or physically integrated within the same porous framework"@en ;
rdfs:label "Hybrid aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hydrolysis
gmat:Hydrolysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SolFormation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:Water
] ;
rdfs:comment "Reaction of a silicon alkoxide precursor with water to generate silanol groups (Si-OH). Rate depends on pH, water-to-alkoxide ratio, and solvent. Acid catalysis accelerates hydrolysis; base catalysis promotes condensation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Hydrolysis"@en ;
skos:definition "Nucleophilic substitution of alkoxy groups by hydroxyl groups in the presence of water, yielding silanols as sol-gel intermediates"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Condensation
gmat:Condensation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:Silanol
] ;
rdfs:comment "Reaction between silanol groups (Si-OH + HO-Si -> Si-O-Si + H2O) or between silanol and alkoxy groups forming siloxane bonds that build the three-dimensional gel network"@en ;
rdfs:label "Condensation"@en ;
skos:definition "Formation of siloxane (Si-O-Si) network bonds by reaction of silanol intermediates, releasing water or alcohol as by-products"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolGelTransition
gmat:SolGelTransition rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:comment "The gel point event at which the sol loses fluidity and transitions to a solid gel network due to percolation of the condensing silica network. Characterised by a sharp increase in viscosity and loss of flow. Placed under gmat:CreationProcess (not under gmat:Gelation, whose usesSubstance existentials would be wrongly inherited by an instantaneous event) so that it is visible to anything that enumerates synthesis steps; the containment in gelation is expressed by gmat:Gelation asserting BFO_0000051 (has part) some SolGelTransition"@en ;
skos:definition "The critical event (gel point) at which percolation of the condensing network spans the reaction volume, converting the flowable sol into a solid gel; marked by divergence of viscosity and loss of steady-state flow"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sol-gel transition"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Gel point"@en ,
"Gelation point"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AcidCatalysis
gmat:AcidCatalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gelation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:AcidCatalyst
] ;
rdfs:comment "Sol-gel gelation under acid-catalytic conditions (pH < 7). Promotes fast hydrolysis and slower condensation, yielding weakly branched, polymeric gel structures with smaller pores"@en ; owl:disjointWith gmat:BaseCatalysis ,
gmat:TwoStepCatalysis ;
skos:definition "Gelation performed at pH below 7, where protonation of alkoxide leaving groups accelerates hydrolysis relative to condensation, yielding weakly branched, polymeric gel networks with small pores"@en ;
rdfs:label "Acid-catalysed gelation"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Acid catalysis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BaseCatalysis
gmat:BaseCatalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gelation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:usesSubstance ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:Base
] ;
rdfs:comment "Sol-gel gelation under basic conditions (pH > 7). Promotes fast condensation and slower hydrolysis, yielding highly branched, colloidal cluster networks with larger pore sizes"@en ;
skos:definition "Gelation performed at pH above 7, where hydroxide ions catalyse condensation faster than hydrolysis, yielding highly branched, colloidal cluster-cluster aggregation networks with larger pore sizes"@en ;
rdfs:label "Base-catalysed gelation"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Base catalysis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TwoStepCatalysis
gmat:TwoStepCatalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gelation ;
rdfs:comment "Two-stage acid-then-base catalysis route: an acid pre-hydrolysis step produces partially hydrolysed monomers; subsequent base addition (typically ammonium hydroxide or ammonium fluoride) triggers rapid condensation and gelation. Common route for MTMS and TEOS aerogels"@en ;
skos:definition "A sol-gel route combining an acid pre-hydrolysis step with a subsequent base addition step that triggers rapid condensation and gelation; standard route for MTMS and BTMSE aerogel synthesis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Two-step acid-base catalysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Two-step catalysis"@en ,
"Acid-base two-step"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfaceSilylation
gmat:SurfaceSilylation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SurfaceModification ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:hasSilylationAgent ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:SilylationAgent
] ;
rdfs:comment "Chemical modification of wet gel surface Si-OH groups by reaction with a silylating agent (TMCS, HMDS) to replace surface hydroxyls with hydrophobic alkylsilyl groups. Essential pre-treatment before ambient pressure drying to prevent capillary collapse"@en ;
skos:definition "A surface modification step in which surface silanol groups (Si-OH) react with a chlorosilane or silazane reagent (e.g. TMCS, HMDS) to install hydrophobic trialkylsilyl groups, enabling ambient pressure drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Surface silylation"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Hydrophobic surface modification"@en ,
"TMCS treatment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hydrogel
gmat:Hydrogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:WetGel ;
rdfs:comment "A hydrogel is a gel in which the liquid phase consists mainly of water."@en ;
skos:definition "A wet gel in which the liquid pore phase is predominantly water; the intermediate state of a silica sol-gel system before solvent exchange"@en ;
rdfs:label "Hydrogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HydrophobicityTesting
gmat:HydrophobicityTesting rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of water contact angle or water uptake to determine surface hydrophobicity"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that determines the surface hydrophobicity of a material, typically by water contact angle or water uptake measurement"@en ;
rdfs:label "Hydrophobicity testing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ImageData
pmat:ImageData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data produced by scanning a surface with an optical or electronic device; visual information in the form of pictures, graphics or photographs"@en ;
rdfs:label "Image data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ImagingAFM
pmat:ImagingAFM rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembraneMorphology ;
rdfs:comment "Scanning a surface with an atomic force microscope for obtaining the morphology and mechanical properties of a sample"@en ;
rdfs:label "Imaging AFM"@en ,
"Imaging Atomic Force Microscopy"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ImagingSEM
pmat:ImagingSEM rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembraneMorphology ;
rdfs:comment "Obtaining the surface morphology and, in special cases, the chemical composition of a sample with a scanning electron microscope."@en ;
rdfs:label "Imaging SEM"@en ,
"Imaging Scanning Electron Microscopy"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/IncompleteDrying
gmat:IncompleteDrying rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AerogelDefect ;
rdfs:comment "The defect state of residual solvent or moisture remaining in the aerogel pores after the drying step. Denotes the persisting residual-liquid feature of the material, not the (incomplete) drying process itself."@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel defect consisting of residual solvent or moisture remaining in the pore network of the material after drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Residual solvent"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Incomplete drying"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Inhibitor
pmat:Inhibitor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change"@en ;
rdfs:label "Inhibitor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/InhouseSoftware
pmat:InhouseSoftware rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Software ;
rdfs:comment "A computer software developed in-house with a given organisation by itself, often for internal use only"@en ;
rdfs:label "Inhouse software"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Initiator
pmat:Initiator rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A substance that creates reactive species"@en ;
rdfs:label "Initiator"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/InorganicAerogel
gmat:InorganicAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Aerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel with an inorganic backbone (e.g. SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃), typically synthesised from metal alkoxide precursors through sol-gel processing"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel whose solid framework consists entirely of inorganic components such as metal oxides, silica, or zero-valent metals, containing no covalently bonded organic groups in the network backbone"@en ;
rdfs:label "Inorganic aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OrganosilicaAerogel
gmat:OrganosilicaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:HybridAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel derived from organosilica precursors (e.g. MTMS, BTMSE) in which organic groups are covalently bonded within the silica network, imparting hydrophobicity and flexibility compared to pure silica aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Organosilica aerogel"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Methylsilica aerogel"@en ,
"Hybrid silica aerogel"@en ;
skos:definition "A hybrid aerogel in which organic functional groups are incorporated into the inorganic silica backbone via covalent Si–C bonds"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/InputData
pmat:InputData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data provided as input to a laboratory process, experiment, measurement or device to produce desired outcomes"@en ;
rdfs:label "Input data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Instrument
pmat:Instrument rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Device ;
rdfs:comment "A device used to perform measurements or manipulate variables to monitor or control values of certain parameters, usually powered by electricity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Instrument"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Laboratory
pmat:Laboratory rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:PhysicalLocation ;
rdfs:comment "A place (a building, part of a building or other place) equipped for doing experiments (e.g. chemistry laboratory) or scientific tests (e.g. computer laboratory)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Laboratory"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/LaboratoryNotebook
pmat:LaboratoryNotebook rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Document ;
rdfs:comment "Complete records of laboratory research or experiment"@en ;
rdfs:label "Laboratory Notebook"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Linux
pmat:Linux rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:OperatingSystem ;
rdfs:comment """Family of Unix-like operating systems that use the Linux kernel and are open source
(https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Linux"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/LiquidPermeationEquipment
pmat:LiquidPermeationEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure properties of the permeation of liquids through membranes"@en ;
rdfs:label "Liquid permeation equipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Location
pmat:Location rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000004 ;
rdfs:comment "A particular place where something happens or is situated (or exists)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Location"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MacOS
pmat:MacOS rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:OperatingSystem ;
rdfs:comment """Operating system for Apple computers
(https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14116)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Mac OS"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MagneticStirrer
gmat:MagneticStirrer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment that creates a rotating magnetic field to spin a stir bar for mixing solutions"@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument that mixes a solution by rotating a magnetic stir bar through a rotating magnetic field"@en ;
rdfs:label "Magnetic stirrer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Maintainer
pmat:Maintainer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A person who is trained to keep a given device in good condition or develop procedures to be performed using the device"@en ;
rdfs:label "Maintainer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MassConcentration
pmat:MassConcentration rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment """The mass of a solute per unit volume of a mixture
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C179798)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Mass concentration"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MeanDomainSize
pmat:MeanDomainSize rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Length ;
rdfs:comment "Characteristic length of a locally defined, homogeneous volume in a material, a mean value of several measurements"@en ;
rdfs:label "Mean domain size"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MeanPoreDiameter
pmat:MeanPoreDiameter rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Length ;
rdfs:comment "Characteristic length of a locally defined hole in a membrane, a mean value of several measurements"@en ;
rdfs:label "Mean pore diameter"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MechanicalTestingEquipment
pmat:MechanicalTestingEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure mechanical properties of a sample"@en ;
rdfs:label "Mechanical testing equipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MeltingTemperature
pmat:MeltingTemperature rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Temperature ;
rdfs:comment "The temperature at which a material changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase"@en ;
rdfs:label "Melting temperature"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Melting point"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembraneChamber
pmat:MembraneChamber rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Apparatus ;
rdfs:comment "A chamber enclosing a membrane and directing the feed fluid to the membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Membrane chamber"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembraneEnvelopeWeldingMachine
pmat:MembraneEnvelopeWeldingMachine rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment that connects different layers on the outside edge of a membrane envelope, i.e. membrane layers, spacer layers, cover layers, etc, by welding."@en ;
rdfs:label "Membrane envelope welding machine"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembraneFabrication
pmat:MembraneFabrication rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:comment """Techniques for membrane preparation, e.g. casting, extrusion, interfacial polymerisation
(https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-01095-3_4)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Membrane fabrication"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembraneMorphology
pmat:MembraneMorphology rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "The shape as well as the external and internal structure of a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Membrane morphology"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembranePerformanceForGases
pmat:MembranePerformanceForGases rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Filtration properties for a sustance in gases of a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Membrane performance for gases"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembranePerformanceForLiquids
pmat:MembranePerformanceForLiquids rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Filtration properties for substances in liquids of a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Membrane performance for liquids"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Metadata
pmat:Metadata rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data that provides information about other data, e.g. describes characterististics or attributes of experimental data (such as the data source, units of measurements, data quality indicators)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Metadata"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MetalAlkoxide
gmat:MetalAlkoxide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MetalOxidePrecursor ;
rdfs:comment "A metal compound with alkoxide ligands (M-OR), used as precursors in sol-gel synthesis"@en ;
skos:definition "A compound of a metal with alkoxide ligands (M(OR)n), used as a hydrolysable precursor in sol-gel synthesis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Metal alkoxide"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MetalAerogel
gmat:MetalAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:InorganicAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel in which the solid framework is composed of zero-valent metals (e.g., Au, Pt, Ag)"@en ;
skos:definition "An inorganic aerogel whose solid framework consists of zero-valent metal"@en ;
rdfs:label "Metal aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MetalOxideAerogel
gmat:MetalOxideAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:InorganicAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel composed of metal oxide materials such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), or zirconia (ZrO₂)"@en ;
skos:definition "An inorganic aerogel whose solid framework consists of one or more metal oxides"@en ;
rdfs:label "Metal oxide aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Methanol
gmat:Methanol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Alcohol ;
rdfs:comment "The simplest alcohol (CH3OH), commonly used as a solvent and reactant in sol-gel chemistry. Methanol can serve as a pore liquid in alcogels and as a solvent exchange medium prior to supercritical drying"@en ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_17790 ;
skos:definition "The simplest alcohol, CH3OH, used as a solvent, reactant, and pore liquid in sol-gel processing"@en ;
pmat:hasAcronym "MeOH" ;
rdfs:label "Methanol"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Method
pmat:Method rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Procedure ;
rdfs:comment "A systematic procedure for accomplishing something (the-how)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Method"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Microscope
pmat:Microscope rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment which is used to generate an image of the surface of a specimen, whether by focusing reflected light onto where it can be collected or by scanning a given area of the surface
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000953)"""@en ,
"""An optical equipment that uses a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of very small objects
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C50069)"""@en ,
"""Equipment which magnifies the view on objects under increased resolution
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0400169)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Microscope"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MicrosoftWindows
pmat:MicrosoftWindows rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:OperatingSystem ;
rdfs:comment """Family of computer operating systems developed by Microsoft
(https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Microsoft Windows"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Mixing
gmat:Mixing rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Process of combining two or more substances with mechanical agitation to create a homogeneous solution or suspension"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which two or more substances are combined under mechanical agitation to yield a homogeneous solution or suspension"@en ;
rdfs:label "Mixing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Modelling
pmat:Modelling rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Calculation ;
rdfs:comment "The activity of using mathematical models to predict certain values of parameters or make calculations."@en ;
rdfs:label "Modelling"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Module
pmat:Module rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000040 ;
rdfs:comment "Several membranes arranged sequentially in a container"@en ;
rdfs:label "Module"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ModuleFabrication
pmat:ModuleFabrication rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:comment """Arranging membranes into a unit with housing, feed inlet, concentrate outlet, and permeate outlet
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/membrane-module)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Module fabrication"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ModulePerformance
gmat:ModulePerformance rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment """The ability to process large amounts of feed stream (high permeability) while maintaining high selectivity for the desired substance. Further advantageous properties of a membrane module are fouling resistance, hight mechanical stability and low manufacturing costs
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology)"""@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that assesses the throughput and selectivity of a separation module"@en ;
rdfs:label "Module performance"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ModuleQualityTestingEquipment
pmat:ModuleQualityTestingEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment that measures the performance of a membrane module in order to judge its quality"@en ;
rdfs:label "Module quality testing equipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MolarPermeability-Diffusion
pmat:MolarPermeability-Diffusion rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Permeability-Diffusion ;
rdfs:comment """The permeability multiplied by density and divided by molar mass of the permeating fluid
P* = V･d･rho / (A･t･p･M) = D･rho / (p･M)
P* = molar permeability (diffusion)
V = Volume of the permeate [m³]
rho = density of the permeate [kg/m³]
M = molar mass of the permeate [kg/mol]
d = thickness of the membrane [m]
A = area of the membrane [m²]
t = time of diffusion [s]
p = pressure difference [atm]
D = Diffusion coefficient = diffusivity [m²/s]
The SI unit is mol/(m･s･atm)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Molar permeability (diffusion)"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MolarRatio
gmat:MolarRatio rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "The ratio of moles between two or more substances in a reaction or mixture. Used to describe stoichiometric proportions of reagents (e.g., H2O/MTMS = 59.75)."@en ;
skos:definition "A process parameter representing the ratio of amounts of substance (moles) between two or more substances in a reaction or mixture"@en ;
rdfs:label "Molar Ratio"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Mold
gmat:Mold rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Apparatus ;
rdfs:comment "A container or form that gives shape to liquid or semi-solid material during gelation, curing, or solidification processes"@en ;
skos:definition "An apparatus consisting of a container or form that imparts shape to a liquid or semi-solid material during gelation, curing, or solidification"@en ;
rdfs:label "Mold"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MolecularWeightCutOff
pmat:MolecularWeightCutOff rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembranePerformanceForLiquids ;
rdfs:comment """Molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) - the molecular weight of the molecule that is 90% retained by the membrane
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_weight_cut-off)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Molecular weight cut off"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/MolecularWeightCutOffSetup
pmat:MolecularWeightCutOffSetup rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:LiquidPermeationEquipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure the maximum size of a molecule that is permeating in a solution through a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Molecular weight cut off setup"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Monolith
gmat:Monolith rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Geometry ;
rdfs:comment "A material geometry consisting of a single, continuous, bulk piece (often cylindrical or rectangular) as opposed to powders, beads, or films."@en ;
skos:definition "A sample geometry consisting of a single continuous bulk piece, as opposed to powders, beads, or films"@en ;
rdfs:label "Monolith"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Monomer
pmat:Monomer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000040 ;
rdfs:comment """A chemical subunit, i.e. the molecule of a chemical substance, that can undergo polymerisation by bonding to other subunits and form a polymer
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C63845)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Monomer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/NMRSpectrometer
pmat:NMRSpectrometer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Spectrometer ;
rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment used to conduct nuclear magnetic resonance experiments consisting of a magnet housing a sample space surrounded by two coils which act to transmit radio frequency radiation to the sample and to detect the response of the sample
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001807)"""@en ,
"""Equipment used to analyze the molecular structure of a material by observing and measuring the interaction of nuclear spins when placed in a powerful magnetic field
(https://www.jeol.com/products/science/nmr.php)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer"@en ;
skos:altLabel "NMR spectrometer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/NominalMeasure
pmat:NominalMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Measure ;
rdfs:comment "Combines a number to a unit of a result of an nominal value (theoretical or designated value used as a reference point) of a given quantity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Nominal measure"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/NonuniformStructure
gmat:NonuniformStructure rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AerogelDefect ;
rdfs:comment "Spatial inhomogeneity in aerogel structure, density, or properties, typically caused by non-uniform gelation or drying"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel defect consisting of spatial inhomogeneity in the structure, density, or properties of the material"@en ;
rdfs:label "Non-uniform structure"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/NumericData
pmat:NumericData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data consisting of numerical values representing measurements or quantities"@en ;
rdfs:label "Numeric data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Object
pmat:Object rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000004 ;
rdfs:comment "A thing to which a specific action is directed but not a person"@en ;
rdfs:label "Object"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ObservedParameter
pmat:ObservedParameter rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "Actual measurement or manifestation of a parameter - as a variable of a laboratory process or its elements, reflecting its value or characteristic as recorded or noted during the laboratory process"@en ;
rdfs:label "Observed parameter"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Opacity
gmat:Opacity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AerogelDefect ;
rdfs:comment "Loss of optical transparency in aerogel, typically caused by large pores, density inhomogeneities, or structural defects"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel defect consisting of reduced or absent optical transparency of the material"@en ;
rdfs:label "Opacity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/OperatingSystem
pmat:OperatingSystem rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Software ;
rdfs:comment "A software system that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides a platform for running applications"@en ;
rdfs:label "Operating system"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/OpticalMicroscope
pmat:OpticalMicroscope rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Microscope ;
rdfs:comment """A type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects or structures
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope)"""@en ,
"""A microscope (device to magnify small objects) in which objects are lit directly by white light.
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28265)"""@en ,
"""A piece of equipment, consisting of an eyepiece, an objective lens, object turret, stage, and light source, which collects electromagnetic radiation in the visible range
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000947)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Optical microscope"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Light microscope"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OpticalTransmittanceMeasurement
gmat:OpticalTransmittanceMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of light transmission through aerogel at various wavelengths"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that measures the fraction of incident light transmitted through a material at given wavelengths"@en ;
rdfs:label "Optical transmittance measurement"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OrganosiliconCompound
gmat:OrganosiliconCompound rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "Any compound containing silicon–carbon bonds; includes silanes, siloxanes, and silicon alkoxides used as precursors in sol–gel chemistry"@en ;
skos:definition "A chemical compound containing at least one silicon-carbon bond"@en ;
rdfs:label "Organosilicon Compound"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/OutputData
pmat:OutputData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data generated by a device or produced as a result of a laboratory process, experiment, measurement, data analysis and other data tranformations"@en ;
rdfs:label "Output data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Oven
gmat:Oven rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Dryer ;
rdfs:comment "A thermally insulated chamber used for drying, heating, or thermal treatment of materials at controlled temperatures. In aerogel processing, ovens are used for ambient pressure drying and post-treatment heat curing"@en ;
skos:definition "A dryer consisting of a thermally insulated chamber for drying, heating, or thermal treatment at controlled temperature"@en ;
rdfs:label "Oven"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OverheadStirrer
gmat:OverheadStirrer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "Mechanical stirring equipment mounted above container for mixing viscous solutions or gels"@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument with a motor-driven impeller mounted above the vessel, used for mixing viscous solutions or gels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Overhead stirrer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PHAdjuster
gmat:PHAdjuster rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A substance used to control pH during gelation or processing, such as acids or bases"@en ;
skos:definition "A substance added to control the pH of a mixture during gelation or processing"@en ;
rdfs:label "pH adjuster"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PHCondition
gmat:PHCondition rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "The pH level maintained during a sol-gel process step (sol formation, gelation, aging). Acid conditions (pH 1-5) favour hydrolysis; base conditions (pH 7-10) favour condensation. pH is controlled by addition of acid or base catalysts. As a ProcessParameter this class is an om:Quantity, so the preferred value pattern is om:hasValue pointing to a dimensionless om:Measure (see gmat:PHValue); gmat:hasPHValue remains available as a datatype shortcut"@en ;
rdfs:label "pH condition"@en ;
skos:definition "A process parameter specifying the hydrogen ion concentration of the reaction medium, expressed on a scale of 0-14, that governs the relative rates of hydrolysis and condensation in sol-gel synthesis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ParticleSize
gmat:ParticleSize rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Length ;
rdfs:comment "The diameter or dimension of the primary particles making up the aerogel framework"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:definition "A quantity representing the characteristic dimension of the primary particles composing a material framework"@en ;
rdfs:label "Particle size"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Permeability-Diffusion
pmat:Permeability-Diffusion rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment """Describes the penetration of a permeate (a fluid such as a liquid, gas, or vapor) through a solid (such as a membrane); it is directly proportional the materials' diffusion coefficient and inversly proportional to the concentration or pressure gradient of the permeate
P = V･d / (A･t･p) = D / p
P = permeability (diffusion)
V = Volume of the permeate [m³]
d = thickness of the membrane [m]
A = area of the membrane [m²]
t = time of diffusion [s]
p = pressure difference [atm]
D = Diffusion coefficient = diffusivity [m²/s]
The SI unit of the permeability (diffusion) is m²/(s･atm); the proportional unit E-10･cm²/(s･Torr) is commonly called Barrer."""@en ;
rdfs:label "Permeability (diffusion)"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Permeate
pmat:Permeate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The substance that passes through or penetrated the membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Permeate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Person
pmat:Person rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000004 ,
prov:Person ;
rdfs:comment "An individual human being"@en ;
rdfs:label "Person"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/PersonalLocalHardDrive
pmat:PersonalLocalHardDrive rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataRepository ;
rdfs:comment "A physical storage device directly connected to a personal computer that is used to store/manage digital data"@en ;
rdfs:label "Personal local hard drive"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/PersonalServerDrive
pmat:PersonalServerDrive rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataRepository ;
rdfs:comment "A storage device connected to a dedicated server that is used to host/manage digital data"@en ;
rdfs:label "Personal server drive"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PhaseSeparation
gmat:PhaseSeparation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:GelationPathway ;
rdfs:comment "A gelation mechanism driven by the separation of phases within the sol"@en ;
skos:definition "A gelation pathway in which network formation is driven by separation of the sol into distinct phases"@en ;
rdfs:label "Phase separation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PhenolicAerogel
gmat:PhenolicAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganicAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An organic aerogel derived from phenolic resin precursors"@en ;
skos:definition "An organic aerogel derived from phenolic resin precursors such as resorcinol-formaldehyde"@en ;
rdfs:label "Phenolic aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/PhysicalData
pmat:PhysicalData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data in the form of physical objects, e.g. paper files"@en ;
rdfs:label "Physical data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/PhysicalLocation
pmat:PhysicalLocation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Location ;
rdfs:comment "A physical structure (e.g. building) or space (e.g. room) or place (e.g. geographical location)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Physical location"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Plastic
pmat:Plastic rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Polymer ;
rdfs:comment """A synthetic or semi-synthetic material that use polymers as a main ingredient; due to plasticity, it can be molded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Plastic"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Polyaddition
pmat:Polyaddition rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:PolymerSynthesis ;
rdfs:comment """An all-degree polymerisation that proceeds by addition reactions
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000643)
A polymerisation in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by addition reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerisation
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000266)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Polyaddition"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Polycondensation
pmat:Polycondensation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:PolymerSynthesis ;
rdfs:comment """An all-degree polymerisation that proceeds by condensation reactions
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000644)
Polymerization by a repeated condensation process
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000252)
Formation of a polymer by chemical condensation with the elimination of small molecules, e.g. water
(https://www.dictionary.com/browse/polycondensation)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Polycondensation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PolyimideAerogel
gmat:PolyimideAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PolymerAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An organic aerogel based on polyimide polymer chains"@en ;
skos:definition "A polymer aerogel whose network is formed from polyimide chains"@en ;
rdfs:label "Polyimide aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Polymer
pmat:Polymer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000040 ;
rdfs:comment "A material made of long, macromolecular chains of repeating molecular units"@en ,
"""A mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60027)"""@en ,
"""A molecule composed of a connected set of monomeric residues
(http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000314)"""@en ,
"""A substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PROCO_0000054)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Polymer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PolymerAerogel
gmat:PolymerAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Aerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel composed of organic polymer networks, such as resorcinol-formaldehyde, polyurethane, or polyimide aerogels"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel whose solid network is composed of organic polymer chains"@en ;
rdfs:label "Polymer aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/PolymerBlend
pmat:PolymerBlend rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Polymer ;
rdfs:comment """A macroscopically homogeneous mixture of two or more polymers (homopolymers or copolymers) that have been blended together to create a new material with different physical properties
(https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials/special_issues/polymer_blend)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Polymer blend"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/PolymerSynthesis
pmat:PolymerSynthesis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:comment """A chemical reaction in which monomers are joined together by covalent bonding to form polymer structures
(https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/polymer-synthesis)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Polymer synthesis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PolyurethaneAerogel
gmat:PolyurethaneAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PolymerAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel based on a polyurethane polymer network formed by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyols"@en ;
skos:definition "A polymer aerogel whose network is formed by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyols"@en ;
rdfs:label "Polyurethane aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PoreVolume
gmat:PoreVolume rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The volume of open pores per unit mass of a porous material, as reported in the literature from N2 physisorption (total pore volume at p/p0 ~ 0.99) or mercury intrusion; conventionally given in cm3/g (= 0.001 m3/kg). A specific (mass-normalised) volume, hence placed directly under om:Quantity rather than om:Volume, with canonical unit m3/kg"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:definition "A quantity representing the total volume of open pores per unit mass of a porous material"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pore volume"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Specific pore volume"@en ,
"Total pore volume"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PorosityMeasurement
gmat:PorosityMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of pore volume, pore size distribution, and surface area, typically using BET or BJH methods"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that determines pore volume, pore size distribution, or related textural properties of a porous material"@en ;
rdfs:label "Porosity measurement"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/PressureIncrease
pmat:PressureIncrease rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembranePerformanceForGases ;
rdfs:comment """Measuring the time until reaching a certain permeate pressure during a gas permeability measurement on a membrane. For a single experiment, the feed pressure is set at the beginning and decreases over time due to permeatation.
(https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9020022)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Pressure increase"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PressureProfile
gmat:PressureProfile rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "Pressure conditions including set points, ramp rates, and hold times during a process"@en ;
skos:definition "A process parameter representing the pressure conditions of a process, including set points, ramp rates, and hold times"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pressure profile"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PressureVessel
gmat:PressureVessel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment "Container designed to hold gases or liquids at pressure different from ambient"@en ;
skos:definition "Equipment consisting of a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from ambient"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pressure vessel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PressurePlate
gmat:PressurePlate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "A device to apply and distribute a precise, uniform compressive load."@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument that applies and distributes a precise, uniform compressive load to a specimen"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pressure Plate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pressurization
gmat:Pressurization rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Controlled increase of pressure during supercritical drying to bring the drying fluid above its critical point, typically performed at controlled ramp rate"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which pressure is increased in a controlled manner, in supercritical drying bringing the drying fluid above its critical point"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pressurization"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Procedure
pmat:Procedure rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000003 ,
prov:Entity ;
rdfs:comment "An executed procedure consisting of a set of activities carried out as the accepted way of doing something. This class denotes the occurrent that unfolds in time, not the recipe/plan that prescribes it — for the latter, see gmat:SynthesisProtocol. Axioms deliberately match Polymat 1.1.0 (BFO occurrent + prov:Entity) so that resolving the owl:imports of Polymat does not introduce conflicting redeclarations. Note: Procedure is placed under BFO occurrent (BFO_0000003) rather than BFO process (BFO_0000015) because Polymat maps BFO_0000015 to prov:Activity, which PROV-O declares disjoint from prov:Entity."@en ;
rdfs:label "Procedure"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SynthesisProtocol
gmat:SynthesisProtocol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000031 ;
rdfs:comment "A plan specification (recipe/protocol) that prescribes how a sol-gel synthesis is to be carried out. As a generically dependent continuant it is the reusable, copyable information artifact that a concrete synthesis process (an occurrent) realises. Distinguishes the recipe from any individual run of it."@en ;
skos:definition "A generically dependent continuant that is an information artifact prescribing the ordered activities, materials, and conditions for carrying out a sol-gel synthesis; realised by one or more concrete synthesis processes."@en ;
rdfs:label "Synthesis protocol"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ProcessParameter
gmat:ProcessParameter rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000019 ,
om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "A quality (in the BFO sense) that characterises the material inputs or setup of a synthesis process — e.g. a molar or volume ratio of reagents, a pH condition, or a stirring rate. Modelled as a quality that inheres in an independent continuant (typically the reacting mixture / sol), carrying its numeric magnitude via an om:Measure. Achieved, per-run values (not plan prescriptions). Also a subclass of om:Quantity (itself under pmat:Feature), so that process parameters can carry values via om:hasValue and satisfy the pmat:Feature domain of pmat:isParameterOf."@en ;
skos:definition "A quality inhering in an independent continuant that characterises the material inputs or setup of a synthesis process, recording an achieved per-run value"@en ;
rdfs:label "Process parameter"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ProcessedData
pmat:ProcessedData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data derived from raw data through various transformations, calculations, filtering or other operations"@en ;
rdfs:label "Processed data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Product
pmat:Product rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A substance that results from a chemical reaction"@en ;
rdfs:label "Product"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ProprietarySoftware
pmat:ProprietarySoftware rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Software ;
rdfs:comment "A (closed-source) computer software that is considered a property of its creators or owners and is distributed under licences that restrict access to its source code"@en ;
rdfs:label "Proprietary software"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Protocol
pmat:Protocol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Document ;
rdfs:comment "An official or formal record of an experiment, procedure or process"@en ;
rdfs:label "Protocol"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Publication
pmat:Publication rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Document ;
rdfs:comment "A book (or a part of it), report or a similar format that is published"@en ;
rdfs:label "Publication"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Pump
pmat:Pump rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "An electric instrument that builds pressure to move a fluid"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pump"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pycnometer
gmat:Pycnometer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "Device for measuring volume and density of materials, typically using helium displacement"@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument that measures the volume and density of a material, typically by gas displacement"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pycnometer"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Helium pycnometer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/RAFTPolymerisation
pmat:RAFTPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:RadicalPolymerisation ;
rdfs:comment """A type of living polymerisation involving a conventional radical polymerisation which is mediated by a RAFT agent (a thiocarbonylthio compound); this affords control over the generated molecular weight and polydispersity
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_addition%E2%88%92fragmentation_chain-transfer_polymerization)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerisation"@en ;
skos:altLabel "RAFT polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/RadicalPolymerisation
pmat:RadicalPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ChainGrowthPolymerisation ;
rdfs:comment """A chain polymerisation in which the active centers are radicals
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000639)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Radical polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/RandomCopolymer
pmat:RandomCopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Copolymer ;
rdfs:comment """A copolymer consisting of macromolecules in which the probability of finding a given monomeric unit at any given site in the chain is independent of the nature of the adjacent units
(https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/R05126)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Random copolymer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/RatioValue
gmat:RatioValue rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Measure ;
rdfs:comment "A value node representing the numerical proportion between substances in a ratio; a dimensionless om:Measure pointed to by a ProcessParameter quality, not a quality itself. Single-valued ratios carry om:hasNumericalValue (xsd:double, unit om:one; two-part ratio a:b = a/b) for numeric querying, alongside the display string in gmat:hasRatioString. Multi-component ratios (e.g. '1:10:4:4') are represented by the string only."@en ;
skos:definition "A dimensionless measure holding the numerical proportion between substances in a ratio, referenced by a process parameter quality"@en ;
rdfs:label "Ratio Value"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/RawData
gmat:RawData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Original, unprocessed data collected directly from experiment"@en ;
skos:definition "Original, unprocessed data collected directly from an experiment"@en ;
rdfs:label "Raw data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Reactant
pmat:Reactant rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A substance that is consumed in a chemical reaction"@en ;
rdfs:label "Reactant"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Recipe
pmat:Recipe rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Document ;
rdfs:comment "A specification of ingredients, proportions and methods necessary to produce an expected product"@en ;
rdfs:label "Recipe"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Request
pmat:Request rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Document ;
rdfs:comment "A document providing information about procedure (e.g. laboratory test) being requested for"@en ;
rdfs:label "Request"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Result
pmat:Result rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "The outcome or findings obtained from conducting an experiment, representing data, measurements, observations or conclusions from the laboratory procedure"@en ;
rdfs:label "Result"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Retentate
pmat:Retentate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The substance that is retained by and not passing through a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Retentate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Retention
pmat:Retention rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembranePerformanceForLiquids ;
rdfs:comment "Withholding a substance by a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Retention"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/RetentionTestSetup
pmat:RetentionTestSetup rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:LiquidPermeationEquipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure the retention of a certain molecule when permeating in a solution through a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Retention test setup"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Role
pmat:Role rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000023 ,
prov:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A purpose that something has or a function that something plays in a particular situation, under certain conditions, within a given process etc."@en ;
rdfs:label "Role"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Room
pmat:Room rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:PhysicalLocation ;
rdfs:comment "A portion of space inside of a building separated by walls or partitions from other parts"@en ;
rdfs:label "Room"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/RuntimeEnvironment
pmat:RuntimeEnvironment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Software ;
rdfs:comment "A piece of software that is designed to run other software"@en ;
rdfs:label "Runtime environment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/SRMPPolymerisation
pmat:SRMPPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:RadicalPolymerisation ;
rdfs:comment """A radical polymerisation method used to synthesize polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and reactive end groups on each polymer chain; astabilized radical (e.g., TEMPO) is applied to control the molecular weight
(https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_Free_Radical_Polymerization) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_polymerization)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Stable radical-mediated polymerisation"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SRMP polymerisation"@en ,
"Stable-free-radical-mediated (SFRP) polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Sample
pmat:Sample rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A small subset or portion of an object used to represent the whole of it"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sample"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/SamplePreparation
pmat:SamplePreparation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Method ;
rdfs:comment "An action of creating a sample or getting it ready for some procedure"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sample preparation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ScanningElectronMicroscope
pmat:ScanningElectronMicroscope rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Microscope ;
rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment which is used to produce an enlarged image of a specimen by scanning a finely focused (<10 nm diameter) electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 50–150 kV across the specimen under vacuum and measuring the interaction of the electrons with the specimen
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000941)"""@en ,
"""An electron microscope that scans the surface of a sample with a beam of electrons and detects the interaction of the electrons with the atoms on the surface to produce a topographical image of the sample
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C78814)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Scanning electron microscope"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SEM"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/SecondaryElectronDetector
pmat:SecondaryElectronDetector rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "An instrument that absorbs and amplifies secondary electrons in an electron microscope"@en ;
rdfs:label "Secondary electron detector"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/SecureData
pmat:SecureData rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:DataType ;
rdfs:comment "Data with sensitive or confidential content that needs to be protected from unauthorised access, loss, or alteration"@en ;
rdfs:label "Secure data"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Selectivity
pmat:Selectivity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembranePerformanceForGases ;
rdfs:comment """The ratio of permeability of the relevant substances for a membrane, for example, in a binary gas separation it is the permeability ratio of two gases.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_gas_separation#:~:text=The%20selectivity%20of%20a%20membrane,two%20gases%20in%20binary%20separation)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Selectivity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilicaAerogel
gmat:SilicaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:InorganicAerogel ; owl:disjointWith gmat:OrganosilicaAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel with a pure silicon dioxide (SiO₂) backbone, typically produced from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) via the sol-gel process followed by supercritical drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Silica aerogel"@en ;
skos:definition "An inorganic aerogel in which the solid network consists predominantly of amorphous SiO₂, giving low density (0.003–0.35 g/cm³), high surface area (> 500 m²/g), and low thermal conductivity"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SiO₂ aerogel"@en ;
skos:closeMatch .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor
gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganosiliconCompound ,
gmat:SilicaPrecursor ;
rdfs:comment "A subclass of organosilicon compounds with silicon bound to alkoxy groups (Si–OR); commonly employed as sol–gel precursors for silica networks"@en ;
skos:definition "A silicon compound bearing hydrolysable alkoxy groups (Si-OR), employed as a sol-gel precursor for silica or organosilica networks"@en ;
rdfs:label "Silicon alkoxide precursor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MTMS
gmat:MTMS rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "1185-55-3" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "trimethoxy(methyl)silane" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "MTMS" ;
rdfs:comment "Trimethoxymethylsilane (MTMS, CAS 1185-55-3): an organosilica precursor bearing one methyl group, used to produce hydrophobic methylsilica (organosilica) aerogels via the sol-gel route"@en ;
rdfs:label "Trimethoxymethylsilane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MTMS"@en ,
"Methyltrimethoxysilane"@en ;
skos:definition "A silicon alkoxide precursor with one Si–CH₃ group and three Si–OCH₃ groups, yielding aerogel networks with pendant methyl groups that confer hydrophobicity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SkeletalDensityMeasurement
gmat:SkeletalDensityMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of true density of solid material in aerogel, typically using helium pycnometry"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that determines the density of the solid skeleton of a porous material, typically by helium pycnometry"@en ;
rdfs:label "Skeletal density measurement"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Slabs
gmat:Slabs rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Geometry ;
rdfs:comment "A flat, thick piece of material, typically rectangular in shape, often used for thermal conductivity measurements."@en ;
skos:definition "A sample geometry consisting of a flat, thick, typically rectangular piece, often used for thermal conductivity measurements"@en ;
rdfs:label "Slab"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Software
pmat:Software rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf prov:Entity ,
pmat:Object ;
rdfs:comment "A set of instructions, data or programs used by a computer"@en ;
rdfs:label "Software"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Sol
gmat:Sol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A colloidal suspension of solid particles in a liquid, formed during the initial stage of sol-gel synthesis before gelation occurs"@en ;
skos:definition "A colloidal suspension of solid particles dispersed in a liquid, constituting the initial stage of sol-gel synthesis prior to gelation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sol"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolGelPolymerisation
gmat:SolGelPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:GelationPathway ;
rdfs:comment "A gelation pathway involving the polymerization of precursors via sol-gel chemistry"@en ;
skos:definition "A gelation pathway in which the network forms by polymerisation of precursors via hydrolysis and condensation reactions"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sol-gel polymerisation"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolFormation
gmat:SolFormation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000051 ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:Hydrolysis
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000051 ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:Condensation
] ;
rdfs:comment "Process of creating a colloidal suspension (sol) by mixing precursors, solvents, and catalysts before gelation. Comprises hydrolysis of alkoxide groups and condensation of silanol intermediates"@en ;
skos:definition "The first stage of sol-gel synthesis in which precursor molecules undergo hydrolysis and initial condensation to form a stable colloidal suspension (sol) of nanoscale particles or oligomers in a solvent"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sol formation"@en .
gmat:SolFormation gmat:hasStepOrder "1"^^xsd:positiveInteger .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Solubility
pmat:Solubility rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment """The ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Solubility"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Solute
pmat:Solute rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A solid or liquid that is dissolved homogeneously in a liquid"@en ;
rdfs:label "Solute"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Solvent
pmat:Solvent rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A liquid (including water and ionic liquids) that is able to dissolve a solid or another liquid"@en ;
rdfs:label "Solvent"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Organic solvent"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Silanol
gmat:Silanol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A silicon hydroxide species (Si-OH) formed as an intermediate during hydrolysis of silicon alkoxide precursors. Silanols undergo condensation to form siloxane (Si-O-Si) bonds and build the gel network"@en ;
rdfs:label "Silanol"@en ;
skos:definition "An intermediate species containing a silicon-bound hydroxyl group (Si-OH), the key reactive monomer formed by hydrolysis of silicon alkoxides in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilylationAgent
gmat:SilylationAgent rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A reactive organosilicon compound used to replace silanol surface groups with alkylsilyl groups, rendering the gel surface hydrophobic. Applied during surface modification before ambient pressure drying. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state the function in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a gmat:SilylationAgentRole]"@en ;
skos:definition "A reactive organosilicon compound that replaces surface silanol groups with alkylsilyl groups, rendering a gel surface hydrophobic"@en ;
rdfs:label "Silylation agent"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Silylating agent"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Trimethylchlorosilane
gmat:Trimethylchlorosilane rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SilylationAgent ;
pmat:hasCASNr "75-77-4" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "chloro(trimethyl)silane" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "TMCS" ;
rdfs:comment "Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS, CAS 75-77-4): a reactive chlorosilane that reacts with surface silanol groups to introduce hydrophobic trimethylsilyl groups, enabling ambient pressure drying"@en ;
skos:closeMatch ;
rdfs:comment "PubChem CID 11636 (trimethylchlorosilane, CAS 75-77-4)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Trimethylchlorosilane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TMCS"@en ,
"Chlorotrimethylsilane"@en ;
skos:definition "A chlorosilane silylating agent that converts hydrophilic surface silanols to hydrophobic trimethylsilyl groups, enabling ambient pressure drying without pore collapse"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hexamethyldisilazane
gmat:Hexamethyldisilazane rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SilylationAgent ;
pmat:hasCASNr "999-97-3" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "N-trimethylsilyl-1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "HMDS" ;
rdfs:comment "Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS, CAS 999-97-3): a milder silylating agent than TMCS that reacts with silanol groups producing trimethylsilyl-protected surfaces and ammonia as by-product"@en ;
skos:definition "A mild silylating agent (CAS 999-97-3) that reacts with surface silanol groups to install trimethylsilyl groups with ammonia as by-product; preferred over TMCS where HCl by-product is undesirable"@en ;
skos:closeMatch ;
rdfs:comment "PubChem CID 68519 (hexamethyldisilazane, CAS 999-97-3)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Hexamethyldisilazane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "HMDS"@en ,
"Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolventExchange
gmat:SolventExchange rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty gmat:transformsGel ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:WetGel
] ;
rdfs:comment "Process of systematically replacing pore liquid in wet gel structures (hydrogels or alcogels) with a more volatile or supercritical-compatible solvent through multiple washing cycles"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which the pore liquid of a wet gel is progressively replaced by a target solvent (e.g. ethanol, acetone, or liquid CO2) to remove water and residual reactants before drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Solvent exchange"@en .
gmat:SolventExchange gmat:hasStepOrder "4"^^xsd:positiveInteger .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SpecificSurfaceAreaMeasurement
gmat:SpecificSurfaceAreaMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of specific surface area of porous materials, typically performed using gas adsorption methods such as BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that determines the specific surface area of a porous material, typically by gas physisorption"@en ;
rdfs:label "Specific surface area measurement"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Specimen
pmat:Specimen rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "An individual object taken for study or analysis, representing a class of objects"@en ;
rdfs:label "Specimen"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Spectrometer
pmat:Spectrometer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment used to measure a spectrum
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001234)"""@en ,
"""A type of analytical equipment used to measure certain physical properties such as energy, mass and wavelength via the dispersion of radiant energy or particles into a spectrum
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C62336)"""@en ,
"""Scientific equipment used to separate and measure spectral components of a physical phenomenon; the primary application is the determination of chemical composition
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrometer)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Spectrometer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/StirringRate
gmat:StirringRate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "Rotation speed of stirring mechanism during mixing, typically measured in RPM"@en ;
skos:definition "A process parameter representing the rotation speed of the stirring mechanism during mixing"@en ;
rdfs:label "Stirring rate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/StockSolution
gmat:StockSolution rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A concentrated solution prepared in advance and stored for repeated use in synthesis procedures to ensure consistency across multiple experiments"@en ;
skos:definition "A concentrated solution of defined composition prepared in advance and stored for repeated use in synthesis procedures"@en ;
rdfs:label "Stock solution"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Stress
pmat:Stress rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
owl:equivalentClass om:Stress ;
rdfs:comment """A measure of the forces acting on an object during deformation
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics))
Equivalent to om:Stress, which Gelmat declares locally as the parent of om:CompressiveStress and gmat:FlexuralStrength; the equivalence keeps the Polymat and OM stress hierarchies merged under one concept"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Stress"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/StructuralCollapse
gmat:StructuralCollapse rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AerogelDefect ;
rdfs:comment "The defect state of a collapsed or densified aerogel network, typically caused by capillary forces during improper drying. Denotes the persisting collapsed-structure feature of the material, not the collapse event."@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel defect consisting of a collapsed or densified region of the solid network in which the original porous structure is lost"@en ;
rdfs:label "Collapsed structure"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Structural collapse"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Substance
pmat:Substance rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000040 ;
rdfs:comment "A physical material with particular properties"@en ;
skos:exactMatch ;
rdfs:label "Substance"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Compound"@en ,
"Matter"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalCO2
gmat:SupercriticalCO2 rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SupercriticalFluid ;
rdfs:comment "Carbon dioxide in supercritical state (above 31.1°C and 72.9 bar), commonly used for aerogel drying. The plain gas is modelled separately as gmat:CarbonDioxide; this class denotes the supercritical state of that substance"@en ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_16526 ;
skos:definition "Carbon dioxide in the supercritical state, used as a low-surface-tension drying medium in supercritical drying of gels"@en ;
pmat:hasAcronym "scCO2" ;
rdfs:label "Supercritical CO2"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalDryer
gmat:SupercriticalDryer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Dryer ;
rdfs:comment "Specialized equipment for supercritical drying that heats and pressurizes fluid (typically CO2) above its critical point to extract solvents from gel materials"@en ;
skos:definition "A dryer that heats and pressurises a fluid above its critical point to extract pore solvent from a gel without capillary stress"@en ;
rdfs:label "Supercritical dryer"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Autoclave"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalDrying
gmat:SupercriticalDrying rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Drying ;
rdfs:comment "Drying method using supercritical fluid (typically CO2) to remove solvent from porous materials while preserving the nanoscale structure by avoiding capillary forces"@en ;
skos:definition "A drying method in which the pore liquid is brought above its critical temperature and pressure before venting to gas phase, eliminating the liquid-vapour interface and thus capillary stress, preserving the aerogel network"@en ;
rdfs:label "Supercritical drying"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalEthanol
gmat:SupercriticalEthanol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SupercriticalFluid ;
rdfs:comment "Ethanol in supercritical state (above 241°C and 61.4 bar), alternative to CO2 for aerogel drying"@en ;
skos:relatedMatch obo:CHEBI_16236 ;
skos:definition "Ethanol in the supercritical state, used as a high-temperature alternative drying medium in supercritical drying of gels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Supercritical ethanol"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalFluid
gmat:SupercriticalFluid rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A substance at temperature and pressure above its critical point, exhibiting properties between gas and liquid phases"@en ;
skos:definition "A substance held at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, exhibiting properties intermediate between those of a gas and a liquid"@en ;
rdfs:label "Supercritical fluid"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfaceModification
gmat:SurfaceModification rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Chemical treatment to alter aerogel surface properties, such as hydrophobization or functionalization"@en ;
skos:definition "Chemical treatment of the internal pore surfaces of a wet gel to alter surface chemistry, typically to introduce hydrophobic groups that prevent capillary collapse during ambient pressure drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Surface modification"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Surfactant
gmat:Surfactant rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A surface-active agent used to stabilize emulsions or modify interfacial properties in synthesis. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state the function in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a gmat:SurfactantRole]"@en ;
skos:definition "A surface-active agent that lowers interfacial tension, used to stabilise emulsions or modify interfacial properties during synthesis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Surfactant"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Water
gmat:Water rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "Water (H2O), used as a reactant in hydrolysis reactions during sol-gel synthesis and as the liquid phase in hydrogels"@en ;
skos:definition "The chemical substance H2O, serving as a reactant in hydrolysis reactions and as the pore liquid in hydrogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Water"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DeionizedWater
gmat:DeionizedWater rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Water ;
rdfs:comment "Purified water with ions removed, used in aerogel synthesis to control reaction conditions and avoid contamination"@en ;
skos:definition "Water from which dissolved ions have been removed, used to control reaction conditions and avoid ionic contamination"@en ;
pmat:hasAcronym "DI water" ;
rdfs:label "Deionized water"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SyringePump
gmat:SyringePump rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Pump ;
rdfs:comment "A precision fluid delivery device that uses a motor-driven plunger to dispense exact volumes at controlled flow rates. Used in aerogel synthesis for controlled addition of reagents or for supercritical fluid delivery"@en ;
skos:definition "A pump that dispenses precise fluid volumes at controlled flow rates by means of a motor-driven plunger"@en ;
rdfs:label "Syringe Pump"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/TargetConcentration
pmat:TargetConcentration rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "A designed or nominal concentration for a reagent in a synthesis, as distinct from the achieved concentration. Deviations arise from weighing or volumetric uncertainties"@en ;
rdfs:label "Target concentration"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TemperatureProfile
gmat:TemperatureProfile rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "Temperature conditions including set points, ramp rates, and hold times during a process. Use this class only for temperature programmes (ramps, multi-segment profiles); a single constant temperature value should be modelled as an om:Temperature instance linked to the process with pmat:isParameterOf"@en ;
skos:definition "A process parameter representing the temperature conditions of a process, including set points, ramp rates, and hold times"@en ;
rdfs:label "Temperature profile"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TemperatureRamping
gmat:TemperatureRamping rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalTreatment ;
rdfs:comment "Controlled heating or cooling process during synthesis or drying"@en ;
skos:definition "A creation process step in which temperature is increased or decreased at a controlled rate during synthesis or drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Temperature ramping"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/TensileTest
pmat:TensileTest rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment """A standardized materials science and engineering method in which a solid sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure; properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation, and reduction in area; from these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus (modulus of elasticity), Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_testing)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Tensile test"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/TensileTestMachine
pmat:TensileTestMachine rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MechanicalTestingEquipment ;
rdfs:comment """Equipment for carrying out standardized tensile tests on a solid sample to determine its mechanical properties
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_testing#Equipment)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Universal testing machine"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TensileClamps
gmat:TensileClamps rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "A tool specialized to securely hold a specimen while a pulling (tensile) force is applied."@en ;
skos:definition "An instrument that securely grips a specimen while a tensile force is applied"@en ;
rdfs:label "Tensile Clamps"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Terpolymer
pmat:Terpolymer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Polymer ;
rdfs:comment """A polymer that results from copolymerization of three discrete monomers
(https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terpolymer)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Terpolymer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Tetraethoxysilane
gmat:Tetraethoxysilane rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Monomer ,
gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty obo:BFO_0000050 ;
owl:someValuesFrom pmat:Monomer
] ;
pmat:hasCASNr "78-10-4" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "TEOS" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4) is a silicon alkoxide used as a silica precursor in hydrolysis–condensation (sol–gel) processes"@en ;
skos:definition "The silicon alkoxide Si(OC2H5)4 (TEOS), a widely used silica precursor that undergoes hydrolysis and condensation in sol-gel processing"@en ;
rdfs:label "Tetraethoxysilane"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalConductivityTesting
gmat:ThermalConductivityTesting rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of heat transfer properties through aerogel material"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that measures the heat transport properties of a material"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermal conductivity testing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ThermodynamicTestEquipment
pmat:ThermodynamicTestEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Equipment ;
rdfs:comment """Equipment for measurement of physical parameters (e.g., temperature, heat energy) in thermodynamic systems (isolated, closed, or open)
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_instruments) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermodynamic test equipment"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ThermogravimetricAnalyzer
pmat:ThermogravimetricAnalyzer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:ThermodynamicTestEquipment ;
rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment, consisting of a quartz or alumina chamber, a balance, a sample pan and a heating mechanism, which is used to record the mass of a sample as a function of increasing temperature
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0002121)"""@en ,
"""Equipment for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes; it provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorption, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction)
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogravimetric_analysis)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermogravimetric analyzer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Thermometer
pmat:Thermometer rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "An instrument that records and displays the temperature"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermometer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Thermoplastic
pmat:Thermoplastic rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Plastic ;
rdfs:comment """A plastic that can be deformed by heating in a certain temperature range (thermoplastic); this process is reversible and can be repeated as often as desired by cooling and reheating, as long as no thermal decomposition of the material occurs
(https://thermoplasticcomposites.de/en/2023/01/23/the-world-of-plastics/)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermoplastic"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/Thermoset
pmat:Thermoset rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Plastic ;
rdfs:comment """A plastic that retains its state and shape after curing, the process is irreversible due to cross-linked polymer chains
(https://thermoplasticcomposites.de/en/2023/01/23/the-world-of-plastics/)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermoset"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Duromer"@en ,
"Duroplast"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/TimeLag
pmat:TimeLag rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembranePerformanceForGases ;
rdfs:comment """A method commonly used to characterize gas separation membranes. It allows the determination of diffusion, permeability, and solubility coefficients from a single dynamic gas permeation experiment; for this experiment, a homogeneous membrane is exposed to a step increase in pressure at one side of the membrane (feed side) and the feed pressure remains constant, while the other side (permeate side) of the membrane remains under vacuum; the diffusion and permeability coefficients are then determined from the resulting permeate pressure-time curve; the solubility coefficient is the permeability coefficient divided by the diffusion coefficient
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118715)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Time lag"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/TransmissionElectronMicroscope
pmat:TransmissionElectronMicroscope rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Microscope ;
rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment which is used to produce an enlarged image of an electron transparent specimen using a finely focused (<10 nm diameter) electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 50–150 kV under vacuum; the energies and intensities of the transmitted electrons are measured
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001099)"""@en ,
"""A type of microscope that uses magnetic lenses to transmit a beam of electrons through a thin sample; the electrons are then focused on a fluorescent screen or another detector to form an enlarged image
(https://www.photonics.com/EDU/transmission_electron_microscope_TEM/d7604)"""@en ,
"""An electron microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a finely sliced section of a specimen and creates an image of the sample based on its effect on the phase of the electrons that pass through
(http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C78813)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Transmission electron microscope"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TEM"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Triflex
gmat:Triflex rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Instrument ;
rdfs:comment "A device for physisorption measurements, including pore size distribution and specific surface area analysis."@en ;
skos:definition "A physisorption analysis instrument used for specific surface area and pore size distribution measurements"@en ;
rdfs:label "Triflex"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/UltimateTensileStrength
pmat:UltimateTensileStrength rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment """The maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched before breaking
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Ultimate tensile strength"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/User
pmat:User rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "A person who is trained to use a specific device"@en ;
rdfs:label "User"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VacuumDrying
gmat:VacuumDrying rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Drying ;
rdfs:comment "Drying method performed under reduced pressure to lower solvent boiling point and facilitate removal"@en ;
skos:definition "A drying method performed under reduced pressure to lower the solvent boiling point and facilitate solvent removal"@en ;
rdfs:label "Vacuum drying"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VacuumPump
gmat:VacuumPump rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Pump ;
rdfs:comment "Device for removing gas molecules from a sealed volume to create partial vacuum"@en ;
skos:definition "A pump that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume to create a partial vacuum"@en ;
rdfs:label "Vacuum pump"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VolumeRatio
gmat:VolumeRatio rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ProcessParameter ;
rdfs:comment "The ratio of volumes between two or more substances in a mixture or solution. Used to describe the proportions of reagents by volume (e.g., MTMS:MeOH = 1:10)."@en ;
skos:definition "A process parameter representing the ratio of volumes between two or more substances in a mixture or solution"@en ;
rdfs:label "Volume Ratio"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VolumetricFlowRate
gmat:VolumetricFlowRate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "Rate at which a volume of fluid flows through a system, typically measured in ml/h or L/min. Used to characterize pump speeds and fluid delivery rates in synthesis processes."@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:definition "A quantity representing the volume of fluid passing through a system per unit time"@en ;
rdfs:label "Volumetric Flow Rate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GelationTime
gmat:GelationTime rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Time ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty pmat:isParameterOf ;
owl:someValuesFrom gmat:Gelation
] ;
rdfs:comment "The elapsed time from initiation of gelation (e.g. catalyst addition) to the SolGelTransition event. A key kinetic parameter sensitive to catalyst concentration, pH, temperature, and water-to-precursor ratio"@en ;
skos:definition "The elapsed time from initiation of gelation (e.g. catalyst addition) to the SolGelTransition event; a key kinetic parameter controlled by catalyst type, concentration, pH, temperature, and water-to-precursor ratio"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Gelation time"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Gel time"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolConcentration
gmat:SolConcentration rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:AmountOfSubstanceConcentration ;
rdfs:comment "The molar or mass concentration of the precursor monomer in the sol (mol/L or wt%). Controls the density and pore volume of the final aerogel"@en ;
skos:definition "The molar or mass concentration of the precursor monomer in the starting sol, governing the density of the resulting aerogel; higher concentrations yield denser, stronger, less porous aerogels"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Sol concentration"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/WaterToSilicaRatio
gmat:WaterToSilicaRatio rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MolarRatio ;
rdfs:comment "The molar ratio of water to silicon alkoxide precursor (r = [H2O]/[Si]) used in sol preparation. Controls degree of hydrolysis; r < 4 gives incomplete hydrolysis for TEOS; higher r values favour fully hydrolysed sols"@en ;
skos:definition "The molar ratio r = [H2O]/[Si] of water to silicon alkoxide precursor; governs the completeness of hydrolysis. Stoichiometric full hydrolysis of TEOS requires r = 4; r < 4 yields partially hydrolysed species; r >> 4 produces fully hydrolysed, more condensed networks"@en ;
rdfs:label "Water-to-silica ratio"@en ;
skos:altLabel "r-ratio"@en ,
"H2O:Si ratio"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/NetworkConnectivity
gmat:NetworkConnectivity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Feature ;
rdfs:comment "A structural descriptor of the aerogel solid network expressing the average number of siloxane bonds per node; related to cross-linking density and mechanical stiffness. Determined from solid-state NMR (Q2/Q3/Q4 species) or SAXS"@en ;
skos:definition "The average number of siloxane (or equivalent) bonds per network node, quantifying the degree of cross-linking. Determined from 29Si NMR Q-species ratios: Q2 (2 siloxane bonds), Q3 (3), Q4 (4, fully connected)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Network connectivity"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Cross-linking density"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FractalDimension
gmat:FractalDimension rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "A dimensionless exponent describing the self-similar (power-law) scaling of an aerogel network with length scale, determined from small-angle scattering (SAXS/SANS). General parent for the mass fractal dimension (Dm, network mass scaling) and the surface fractal dimension (Ds, interface roughness scaling)"@en ;
skos:definition "A dimensionless exponent quantifying the fractal (self-similar, power-law) scaling of an aerogel network; specialised as mass fractal dimension (1-3) or surface fractal dimension (2-3)"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Fractal dimension"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MassFractalDimension
gmat:MassFractalDimension rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:FractalDimension ;
rdfs:comment "The fractal dimension Dm describing the power-law scaling of network mass with length scale in the fractal (low-q) region of the scattering curve, I(q) ∝ q^(−Dm). Values 1.7-2.4 are typical for silica aerogels; lower values indicate more open, chain-like structures"@en ;
skos:definition "The mass fractal dimension (1 ≤ Dm ≤ 3) obtained from the slope of the fractal regime of a SAXS/SANS curve, describing how network mass scales with observation length"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Dm"@en ,
"Mass fractal dimension"@en ;
rdfs:label "Mass fractal dimension"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfaceFractalDimension
gmat:SurfaceFractalDimension rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:FractalDimension ;
rdfs:comment "The fractal dimension Ds describing the roughness/self-similarity of the solid-pore interface, obtained from the Porod region of the scattering curve, I(q) ∝ q^(−(6−Ds)). Values 2 ≤ Ds < 3, where Ds = 2 denotes a smooth surface and values toward 3 denote an increasingly rough, space-filling interface"@en ;
skos:definition "The surface fractal dimension (2 ≤ Ds ≤ 3) obtained from the Porod region of a SAXS/SANS curve, quantifying the roughness of the solid-pore interface"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Ds"@en ;
rdfs:label "Surface fractal dimension"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PorodExponent
gmat:PorodExponent rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The power-law exponent P of the scattering intensity, I(q) ∝ q^(−P), in the high-q region. Directly read from the scattering slope: 1 ≤ P ≤ 3 indicates a mass fractal (P = Dm), while 3 < P ≤ 4 indicates a surface fractal (P = 6 − Ds), with P = 4 for a smooth (Porod) interface"@en ;
skos:definition "The dimensionless power-law exponent of small-angle scattering intensity versus q, from which the mass fractal (P = Dm) or surface fractal (P = 6 − Ds) dimension is derived"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Power-law exponent"@en ,
"Scattering exponent"@en ;
rdfs:label "Porod exponent"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CorrelationLength
gmat:CorrelationLength rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Length ;
rdfs:comment "The upper cutoff length ξ of fractal scaling in an aerogel network, corresponding to the characteristic cluster (blob) size above which the material appears homogeneous. Obtained from the crossover (knee) in a SAXS/SANS curve; typically a few to tens of nanometres"@en ;
skos:definition "The correlation length ξ marking the upper length-scale cutoff of fractal self-similarity in a gel network (the characteristic cluster/blob size), determined from the low-q crossover of a scattering curve"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
skos:altLabel "Fractal correlation length"@en ,
"Cluster size"@en ;
rdfs:label "Correlation length"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SpringbackFailure
gmat:SpringbackFailure rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AerogelDefect ;
rdfs:comment "Incomplete recovery of pore volume after capillary compression during ambient pressure drying; the gel does not fully spring back to its wet-gel dimensions due to insufficient surface silylation or network weakness"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel defect in which the gel network fails to recover its original pore volume after capillary compression during ambient pressure drying, due to insufficient hydrophobisation or network weakness, yielding higher density and lower surface area than expected"@en ;
rdfs:label "Springback failure"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Macroporosity
gmat:Macroporosity rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AerogelDefect ;
rdfs:comment "Presence of unintended macropores (> 50 nm) in the aerogel network, causing loss of mesoporosity, reduced surface area, and lower thermal insulation performance. Arises from phase separation or syneresis during gelation"@en ;
skos:definition "An aerogel defect characterised by the presence of unintended pores larger than 50 nm in the otherwise mesoporous network, caused by phase separation or syneresis during gelation, leading to reduced surface area and impaired insulation performance"@en ;
rdfs:label "Macroporosity"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/WashingCycle
gmat:WashingCycle rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Individual iteration of solvent replacement during solvent exchange process"@en ;
skos:definition "A single iteration of solvent replacement within a solvent exchange procedure"@en ;
rdfs:label "Washing cycle"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/WaterFlux
pmat:WaterFlux rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:MembranePerformanceForLiquids ;
rdfs:comment "The rate at which water permeates a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Water flux"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/WaterPermeabilitySetup
pmat:WaterPermeabilitySetup rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:LiquidPermeationEquipment ;
rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure the permeability of water through a membrane"@en ;
rdfs:label "Water permeability setup"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/WetGel
gmat:WetGel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gel ;
rdfs:comment "A gel containing liquid within its porous network structure, formed after gelation and before drying. The liquid phase determines the specific type (hydrogel if water, alcogel if alcohol)."@en ;
skos:definition "A gel whose pore network is filled with a liquid phase, existing after gelation and before drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Wet gel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Xerogel
gmat:Xerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gel ;
rdfs:comment "A dried gel with a collapsed or partially collapsed pore structure, formed when a wet gel is dried under ambient conditions causing capillary forces to shrink the network"@en ;
skos:definition "A dried gel formed when a wet gel is dried under ambient conditions; capillary forces during liquid evaporation partially or fully collapse the pore network, resulting in a denser material than the corresponding aerogel"@en ;
rdfs:label "Xerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/ZetaPotentialSetup
pmat:ZetaPotentialSetup rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:ElectricTestingEquipment ;
rdfs:comment """Equipment to measure Zeta potential (electrokinetic potential) in colloidal dispersions
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_potential)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "Zeta potential setup"@en .
### https://w3id.org/polymat/4PointResistanceSetup
rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:ElectricTestingEquipment ;
rdfs:comment """Equipment to measure the electrical impedance by four-terminal sensing (4T sensing, 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method) technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than the simpler and more usual two-terminal (2T) sensing
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-terminal_sensing)"""@en ;
rdfs:label "4-Point resistance setup"@en .
#################################################################
# Compositional and process quantities
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MassFraction
gmat:MassFraction rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture or composite, expressed as a fraction or wt%. Covers fibre loading, solid content, silica content, and similar compositional quantities"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Mass fraction"@en ;
skos:definition "A dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of the mass of a component to the total mass of the mixture, commonly expressed in weight percent"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Weight fraction"@en ,
"wt%"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeatingRate
gmat:HeatingRate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The rate of temperature change during a thermal process step (drying, pyrolysis, calcination, temperature ramping), typically reported in K/min or degC/min"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "Heating rate"@en ;
skos:definition "A quantity representing the change of temperature per unit time imposed during a controlled heating or cooling step"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Ramp rate"@en ,
"Temperature ramp rate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PHValue
gmat:PHValue rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf om:Quantity ;
rdfs:comment "The pH of a solution or reaction medium as a dimensionless quantity (0-14). Preferred over the datatype shortcut gmat:hasPHValue when the value should participate in the om:Quantity/om:Measure pattern; a gmat:PHCondition process parameter carries its magnitude as a PHValue-style dimensionless om:Measure"@en ;
gmat:hasCanonicalUnit ;
rdfs:label "pH value"@en ;
skos:definition "A dimensionless quantity representing the negative decadic logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity of a solution"@en ;
skos:altLabel "pH"@en .
#################################################################
# Substance roles
# Pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance ;
# substance prov:hadRole [ a ] .
# pmat:Catalyst and pmat:Solvent (both under pmat:Role) are reused
# for the catalyst and solvent functions.
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PrecursorRole
gmat:PrecursorRole rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The role of a substance that is chemically converted into the solid network of the gel (e.g. TEOS in a silica synthesis, resorcinol and formaldehyde in an RF synthesis)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Precursor role"@en ;
skos:definition "A role borne by a substance that serves as the network-forming reactant of a sol-gel synthesis step"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CrosslinkerRole
gmat:CrosslinkerRole rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The role of a substance that forms bonds between polymer chains or particles in a given step; distinct from the convenience substance class gmat:Crosslinker, which types substances by chemical nature"@en ;
rdfs:label "Crosslinker role"@en ;
skos:definition "A role borne by a substance that bridges polymer chains or colloidal particles into a network during a synthesis step"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfactantRole
gmat:SurfactantRole rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The role of a substance acting as a surface-active agent (emulsion stabiliser, pore templating agent) in a given step; distinct from the convenience substance class gmat:Surfactant"@en ;
rdfs:label "Surfactant role"@en ;
skos:definition "A role borne by a substance that lowers interfacial tension or templates porosity during a synthesis step"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilylationAgentRole
gmat:SilylationAgentRole rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The role of a substance that silylates surface silanol groups during a surface modification step; distinct from the convenience substance class gmat:SilylationAgent"@en ;
rdfs:label "Silylation agent role"@en ;
skos:definition "A role borne by a substance that replaces surface silanol groups with alkylsilyl groups during surface modification"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ReinforcementRole
gmat:ReinforcementRole rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The role of a substance embedded as a reinforcing or filler phase in a composite (e.g. glass fibre, cellulose fibre, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Reinforcement role"@en ;
skos:definition "A role borne by a substance incorporated into a composite to improve its mechanical or functional properties"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DryingControlAdditiveRole
gmat:DryingControlAdditiveRole rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The role of a substance added to a sol to reduce capillary stress and prevent cracking during drying (DCCA function, e.g. glycerol, formamide, DMF); distinct from the convenience substance class gmat:DryingControlChemicalAdditive"@en ;
rdfs:label "Drying control additive role"@en ;
skos:definition "A role borne by a substance that moderates evaporation and capillary stress during drying of a gel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalFluidRole
gmat:SupercriticalFluidRole rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The role of a substance used in its supercritical state as the extraction medium of a supercritical drying step (typically CO2 or ethanol)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Supercritical fluid role"@en ;
skos:definition "A role borne by a substance that serves as the supercritical extraction medium in a supercritical drying step"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GellingAgentRole
gmat:GellingAgentRole rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Role ;
rdfs:comment "The role of a substance that triggers or promotes gelation (e.g. a base added to induce condensation, a cation bath for alginate gelation)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gelling agent role"@en ;
skos:definition "A role borne by a substance that induces or accelerates the sol-gel transition in a gelation step"@en .
#################################################################
# Precursor hierarchy
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Precursor
gmat:Precursor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A chemical entity that is chemically converted into the solid network of a gel during sol-gel synthesis. Grouped by material family: silica, metal oxide, organic, polymer, and biopolymer precursors. The function in a specific step is additionally stated through the role pattern (prov:hadRole some gmat:PrecursorRole)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Precursor"@en ;
skos:definition "A chemical entity that reacts to form the solid network of a gel in sol-gel synthesis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilicaPrecursor
gmat:SilicaPrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Precursor ;
rdfs:comment "A precursor that yields a silica (SiO2) or organosilica network, comprising silicon alkoxides (TEOS, TMOS, MTMS, ...) and silicates (sodium silicate / water glass)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Silica precursor"@en ;
skos:definition "A precursor whose hydrolysis and condensation yield a silica or organosilica network"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilicatePrecursor
gmat:SilicatePrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SilicaPrecursor ;
rdfs:comment "An inorganic silicate salt used as a low-cost silica source, typically requiring an ion exchange or acid neutralisation step to remove the alkali cations before or during gelation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Silicate precursor"@en ;
skos:definition "An inorganic silicate used as a silica source in the water-glass route to silica gels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumSilicate
gmat:SodiumSilicate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SilicatePrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "1344-09-8" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_60720 ;
rdfs:comment "Aqueous sodium silicate (water glass, Na2O·nSiO2), the industrial low-cost silica precursor; requires ion exchange (gmat:IonExchange) or acid neutralisation to remove sodium ions before gelation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sodium silicate"@en ;
skos:definition "The sodium salt of silicic acid (Na2O·nSiO2), used in aqueous solution as a low-cost silica precursor"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Water glass"@en ,
"Waterglass"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TMOS
gmat:TMOS rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "681-84-5" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "tetramethyl orthosilicate" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "TMOS" ;
rdfs:comment "Tetramethoxysilane (TMOS, Si(OCH3)4), a fast-hydrolysing silica precursor; yields finer networks than TEOS but releases toxic methanol"@en ;
rdfs:label "Tetramethoxysilane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TMOS"@en ,
"Tetramethyl orthosilicate"@en ;
skos:definition "The silicon alkoxide Si(OCH3)4, a rapidly hydrolysing silica precursor for sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MTES
gmat:MTES rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "2031-67-6" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "triethoxy(methyl)silane" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "MTES" ;
rdfs:comment "Methyltriethoxysilane (MTES, CH3Si(OC2H5)3), an organosilica precursor bearing one methyl group; used as co-precursor with TEOS to introduce hydrophobicity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Methyltriethoxysilane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MTES"@en ;
skos:definition "The silicon alkoxide CH3Si(OC2H5)3 with one non-hydrolysable methyl group, used to produce hydrophobic organosilica networks"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VTMS
gmat:VTMS rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "2768-02-7" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "VTMS" ;
rdfs:comment "Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS, CH2=CHSi(OCH3)3), an organosilica precursor bearing a polymerisable vinyl group; used for vinyl-functional and double-network aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Vinyltrimethoxysilane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "VTMS"@en ;
skos:definition "The silicon alkoxide CH2=CHSi(OCH3)3 carrying a vinyl group, used as a functional silica co-precursor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/APTES
gmat:APTES rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "919-30-2" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "3-triethoxysilylpropan-1-amine" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "APTES" ;
rdfs:comment "(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES, H2N(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3), an amine-functional silica precursor and coupling agent; used for amine-modified aerogels (CO2 sorption) and for cross-linking with epoxies or isocyanates"@en ;
rdfs:label "(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "APTES"@en ;
skos:definition "The amine-functional silicon alkoxide H2N(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3, used as a co-precursor and coupling agent in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GPTMS
gmat:GPTMS rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "2530-83-8" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "GPTMS" ;
rdfs:comment "(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), an epoxy-functional silica precursor and coupling agent for organic-inorganic hybrid aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GPTMS"@en ,
"GLYMO"@en ;
skos:definition "The epoxy-functional silicon alkoxide used as a coupling agent and hybrid network precursor in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BTMSE
gmat:BTMSE rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "18406-41-2" ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "BTMSE" ;
rdfs:comment "1,2-Bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane (BTMSE), a bridged bis-silane precursor yielding ethylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane networks with enhanced flexibility and strength"@en ;
rdfs:label "1,2-Bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "BTMSE"@en ,
"BTME"@en ;
skos:definition "A bridged silicon dialkoxide precursor, (CH3O)3Si-CH2CH2-Si(OCH3)3, that forms ethylene-bridged organosilica networks"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PEDS
gmat:PEDS rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor ;
pmat:hasAcronym "PEDS" ;
rdfs:comment "Polyethoxydisiloxane (PEDS), a pre-polymerised (partially hydrolysed and condensed) TEOS oligomer sold as an ethanolic solution; a common industrial silica precursor with reproducible reactivity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Polyethoxydisiloxane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "PEDS"@en ,
"Pre-polymerised TEOS"@en ;
skos:definition "A partially hydrolysed and condensed oligomeric ethoxysiloxane used as a pre-polymerised silica precursor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MetalOxidePrecursor
gmat:MetalOxidePrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Precursor ;
rdfs:comment "A precursor that yields a non-silica metal oxide network (alumina, titania, zirconia, iron oxide, ...); comprises metal alkoxides as well as metal chlorides and nitrates used in epoxide-assisted routes"@en ;
rdfs:label "Metal oxide precursor"@en ;
skos:definition "A precursor whose hydrolysis and condensation (or epoxide-assisted gelation) yield a metal oxide network"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AluminiumSecButoxide
gmat:AluminiumSecButoxide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MetalAlkoxide ;
pmat:hasCASNr "2269-22-9" ;
rdfs:comment "Aluminium tri-sec-butoxide (Al(OsBu)3), the standard alkoxide precursor for alumina aerogels via the Yoldas route"@en ;
rdfs:label "Aluminium sec-butoxide"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Aluminium tri-sec-butoxide"@en ,
"ASB"@en ;
skos:definition "The aluminium alkoxide Al(OC4H9)3 (sec-butoxide ligands), used as a precursor for alumina gels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TitaniumIsopropoxide
gmat:TitaniumIsopropoxide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MetalAlkoxide ;
pmat:hasCASNr "546-68-9" ;
rdfs:comment "Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP, Ti(OiPr)4), the standard alkoxide precursor for titania aerogels; hydrolyses very rapidly and usually requires chelating agents or acid moderation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Titanium isopropoxide"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TTIP"@en ,
"Titanium(IV) isopropoxide"@en ;
skos:definition "The titanium alkoxide Ti(OC3H7)4, used as a precursor for titania gels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ZirconiumPropoxide
gmat:ZirconiumPropoxide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MetalAlkoxide ;
pmat:hasCASNr "23519-77-9" ;
rdfs:comment "Zirconium(IV) n-propoxide (Zr(OnPr)4, typically supplied in n-propanol), the standard alkoxide precursor for zirconia aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Zirconium n-propoxide"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Zirconium(IV) propoxide"@en ;
skos:definition "The zirconium alkoxide Zr(OC3H7)4, used as a precursor for zirconia gels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OrganicPrecursor
gmat:OrganicPrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Precursor ;
rdfs:comment "A small organic molecule that polycondenses into an organic gel network (resorcinol-formaldehyde and related chemistries); the parent chemistry of organic and, after pyrolysis, carbon aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Organic precursor"@en ;
skos:definition "An organic monomer that forms an organic polymer network by polycondensation in sol-gel synthesis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Resorcinol
gmat:Resorcinol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganicPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "108-46-3" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_27810 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "benzene-1,3-diol" ;
rdfs:comment "Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene), the standard phenolic monomer of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic and carbon aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Resorcinol"@en ;
skos:definition "The phenolic compound benzene-1,3-diol, used with formaldehyde as the precursor pair of RF aerogels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Formaldehyde
gmat:Formaldehyde rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganicPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "50-00-0" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_16842 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "formaldehyde" ;
rdfs:comment "Formaldehyde (HCHO, usually as aqueous formalin), the cross-linking aldehyde of resorcinol-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, and melamine-formaldehyde aerogel chemistries"@en ;
rdfs:label "Formaldehyde"@en ;
skos:definition "The aldehyde HCHO, used as the condensation partner in phenolic and amino resin aerogel syntheses"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Phenol
gmat:Phenol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganicPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "108-95-2" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_15882 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "phenol" ;
rdfs:comment "Phenol (C6H5OH), used with formaldehyde in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) organic and carbon aerogels as a lower-cost alternative to resorcinol"@en ;
rdfs:label "Phenol"@en ;
skos:definition "The aromatic alcohol C6H5OH, used with formaldehyde as the precursor pair of PF aerogels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Melamine
gmat:Melamine rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganicPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "108-78-1" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_27915 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine" ;
rdfs:comment "Melamine, the triamine monomer of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) aerogels and a nitrogen source for N-doped carbon aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Melamine"@en ;
skos:definition "The triazine triamine used with formaldehyde as the precursor pair of MF aerogels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Furfural
gmat:Furfural rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganicPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "98-01-1" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_34768 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "furan-2-carbaldehyde" ;
rdfs:comment "Furfural, a biomass-derived aldehyde used in phenol-furfural and tannin-furfural organic and carbon aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Furfural"@en ;
skos:definition "The furan aldehyde used as a bio-based condensation partner in organic aerogel syntheses"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Tannin
gmat:Tannin rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganicPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "1401-55-4" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_26848 ;
rdfs:comment "Condensed or hydrolysable plant tannins, bio-based polyphenols used with formaldehyde or furfural as low-cost precursors of tannin-based organic and carbon aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Tannin"@en ;
skos:definition "A plant-derived polyphenol used as a bio-based phenolic precursor in organic aerogel syntheses"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Lignin
gmat:Lignin rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:OrganicPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "9005-53-2" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_6457 ;
rdfs:comment "Lignin, the aromatic biopolymer by-product of pulping, used as a bio-based phenolic precursor (usually blended with resorcinol or phenol) for organic and carbon aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Lignin"@en ;
skos:definition "The aromatic plant biopolymer used as a bio-based phenolic precursor in organic aerogel syntheses"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PolymerPrecursor
gmat:PolymerPrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Precursor ;
rdfs:comment "A monomer or oligomer that forms a synthetic polymer aerogel network by step-growth chemistry: dianhydrides and diamines (polyimide), isocyanates and polyols (polyurethane/polyurea)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Polymer precursor"@en ;
skos:definition "A monomer or oligomer that forms a synthetic polymer network in polymer aerogel synthesis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Dianhydride
gmat:Dianhydride rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PolymerPrecursor ;
rdfs:comment "An aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride (e.g. PMDA, BPDA) that reacts with diamines to form the poly(amic acid) intermediate of polyimide aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Dianhydride"@en ;
skos:definition "A dianhydride monomer that condenses with diamines to form polyimide networks"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Diamine
gmat:Diamine rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PolymerPrecursor ;
rdfs:comment "An aromatic or aliphatic diamine (e.g. ODA, DMBZ) that reacts with dianhydrides to form the poly(amic acid) intermediate of polyimide aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Diamine"@en ;
skos:definition "A diamine monomer that condenses with dianhydrides to form polyimide networks"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Isocyanate
gmat:Isocyanate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PolymerPrecursor ;
rdfs:comment "A di- or polyisocyanate (e.g. MDI, TDI, Desmodur types) that reacts with polyols to form polyurethane aerogels, or with water/amines to form polyurea aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Isocyanate"@en ;
skos:definition "An isocyanate monomer that forms polyurethane or polyurea networks in polymer aerogel synthesis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Polyol
gmat:Polyol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PolymerPrecursor ;
rdfs:comment "A polyfunctional alcohol that reacts with isocyanates to form the polyurethane network of polyurethane aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Polyol"@en ;
skos:definition "A polyfunctional alcohol monomer that forms polyurethane networks with isocyanates"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BiopolymerPrecursor
gmat:BiopolymerPrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Precursor ;
rdfs:comment "A natural polymer (polysaccharide or protein) that forms a bio-aerogel network by physical or ionic gelation: cellulose, nanocellulose, chitosan, alginate, pectin, gelatin, starch"@en ;
rdfs:label "Biopolymer precursor"@en ;
skos:definition "A natural polymer used as the network-forming precursor of a bio-aerogel"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cellulose
gmat:Cellulose rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:BiopolymerPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "9004-34-6" ;
skos:closeMatch obo:CHEBI_18246 ;
rdfs:comment "Cellulose, the beta-1,4-glucan biopolymer; dissolved-and-regenerated or used as nanocellulose to form cellulose bio-aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Cellulose"@en ;
skos:definition "The polysaccharide (C6H10O5)n of beta-1,4-linked glucose units, used as a bio-aerogel precursor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Nanocellulose
gmat:Nanocellulose rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Cellulose ;
pmat:hasAcronym "CNF" ;
skos:closeMatch obo:CHEBI_133349 ;
rdfs:comment "Nanoscale cellulose - cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) - used as precursor and as reinforcement in bio-based and composite aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Nanocellulose"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Cellulose nanofibril"@en ,
"CNF"@en ,
"Cellulose nanocrystal"@en ,
"CNC"@en ;
skos:definition "Cellulose in nanofibrillar or nanocrystalline form, used as network former or reinforcement in aerogels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Chitosan
gmat:Chitosan rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:BiopolymerPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "9012-76-4" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_16261 ;
rdfs:comment "Chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin; an amino-polysaccharide gelled by pH change or cross-linkers to form chitosan bio-aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Chitosan"@en ;
skos:definition "The amino-polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, used as a bio-aerogel precursor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Alginate
gmat:Alginate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:BiopolymerPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "9005-38-3" ;
skos:closeMatch obo:CHEBI_17548 ;
rdfs:comment "Alginate (usually sodium alginate from brown algae), ionically gelled with divalent cations (Ca2+) to form alginate bio-aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Alginate"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Sodium alginate"@en ;
skos:definition "The algal polysaccharide of mannuronic and guluronic acid units, ionically gelled to form bio-aerogels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pectin
gmat:Pectin rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:BiopolymerPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "9000-69-5" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_17309 ;
rdfs:comment "Pectin, the galacturonic-acid-rich plant polysaccharide, gelled ionically or by acid to form pectin bio-aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pectin"@en ;
skos:definition "The plant polysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid, used as a bio-aerogel precursor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gelatin
gmat:Gelatin rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:BiopolymerPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "9000-70-8" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_5291 ;
rdfs:comment "Gelatin, the protein derived from collagen, thermally gelled to form protein-based bio-aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gelatin"@en ;
skos:definition "The collagen-derived protein used as a thermally gelling bio-aerogel precursor"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Starch
gmat:Starch rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:BiopolymerPrecursor ;
pmat:hasCASNr "9005-25-8" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_28017 ;
rdfs:comment "Starch, the amylose/amylopectin polysaccharide, gelatinised and retrograded to form starch bio-aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Starch"@en ;
skos:definition "The plant storage polysaccharide of amylose and amylopectin, used as a bio-aerogel precursor"@en .
#################################################################
# Reinforcements
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Reinforcement
gmat:Reinforcement rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Substance ;
rdfs:comment "A material embedded in an aerogel matrix as a reinforcing or functional filler phase - fibres, nanocarbons, clays. Linked from a gmat:CompositeAerogel with gmat:hasReinforcement; the function in a synthesis step is stated with prov:hadRole some gmat:ReinforcementRole"@en ;
rdfs:label "Reinforcement"@en ;
skos:definition "A substance incorporated into a composite aerogel as reinforcing or functional filler phase"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GlassFibre
gmat:GlassFibre rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Reinforcement ;
rdfs:comment "Glass fibres (loose, mat, or felt), the most common reinforcement of commercial silica aerogel insulation composites"@en ;
rdfs:label "Glass fibre"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Glass fiber"@en ;
skos:definition "A fibrous glass reinforcement used in aerogel composites and blankets"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CelluloseFibre
gmat:CelluloseFibre rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Reinforcement ;
rdfs:comment "Cellulosic fibres (pulp, cotton, regenerated cellulose) used as bio-based reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en ;
rdfs:label "Cellulose fibre"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Cellulose fiber"@en ;
skos:definition "A cellulosic fibre used as bio-based reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonFibre
gmat:CarbonFibre rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Reinforcement ;
rdfs:comment "Carbon fibres used as high-temperature-stable, electrically conductive reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en ;
rdfs:label "Carbon fibre"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Carbon fiber"@en ;
skos:definition "A carbon fibre used as reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GrapheneOxide
gmat:GrapheneOxide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Reinforcement ;
pmat:hasAcronym "GO" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_132889 ;
rdfs:comment "Graphene oxide (GO) sheets, used as reinforcement and functional filler, and as the precursor of reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Graphene oxide"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GO"@en ;
skos:definition "Oxidised graphene sheets used as filler, reinforcement, or network former in carbon-based aerogels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonNanotube
gmat:CarbonNanotube rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Reinforcement ;
pmat:hasAcronym "CNT" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_50594 ;
rdfs:comment "Single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes used as conductive reinforcement in aerogel composites and as network formers of CNT aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Carbon nanotube"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CNT"@en ;
skos:definition "A tubular carbon nanostructure used as conductive reinforcement or network former in aerogels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Clay
gmat:Clay rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Reinforcement ;
rdfs:comment "Layered clay minerals (montmorillonite, sepiolite, laponite) used as inorganic filler and fire-retardant reinforcement in (bio)polymer aerogel composites"@en ;
rdfs:label "Clay"@en ;
skos:definition "A layered silicate mineral used as filler and reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en .
#################################################################
# Solvents, catalysts, additives, and gases
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Isopropanol
gmat:Isopropanol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Alcohol ;
pmat:hasCASNr "67-63-0" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_17824 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "propan-2-ol" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "IPA" ;
rdfs:comment "Isopropanol (2-propanol, IPA), a common solvent-exchange medium and pore liquid in aerogel processing"@en ;
rdfs:label "Isopropanol"@en ;
skos:altLabel "2-Propanol"@en ,
"IPA"@en ,
"Isopropyl alcohol"@en ;
skos:definition "The secondary alcohol (CH3)2CHOH, used as a solvent and exchange medium in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hexane
gmat:Hexane rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
pmat:hasCASNr "110-54-3" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_29021 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "hexane" ;
rdfs:comment "n-Hexane, a low-surface-tension alkane used as the final exchange solvent before ambient pressure drying of silylated gels"@en ;
rdfs:label "n-Hexane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Hexane"@en ;
skos:definition "The alkane C6H14, used as a low-surface-tension exchange solvent prior to ambient pressure drying"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Heptane
gmat:Heptane rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
pmat:hasCASNr "142-82-5" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_43098 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "heptane" ;
rdfs:comment "n-Heptane, a low-surface-tension alkane used as exchange solvent before ambient pressure drying, analogous to n-hexane but less volatile"@en ;
rdfs:label "n-Heptane"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Heptane"@en ;
skos:definition "The alkane C7H16, used as a low-surface-tension exchange solvent prior to ambient pressure drying"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Dimethylformamide
gmat:Dimethylformamide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
pmat:hasCASNr "68-12-2" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_17741 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "N,N-dimethylformamide" ;
pmat:hasAcronym "DMF" ;
rdfs:comment "N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a polar aprotic solvent for polyimide and polyurethane aerogel synthesis, and a drying control chemical additive (DCCA) in silica sol-gel processing"@en ;
rdfs:label "Dimethylformamide"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DMF"@en ,
"N,N-Dimethylformamide"@en ;
skos:definition "The polar aprotic solvent HCON(CH3)2, used as reaction solvent for polymer aerogels and as a DCCA in silica sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Formamide
gmat:Formamide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:DryingControlChemicalAdditive ;
pmat:hasCASNr "75-12-7" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_16397 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "formamide" ;
rdfs:comment "Formamide (HCONH2), the classic drying control chemical additive (DCCA) that narrows the pore size distribution and reduces cracking during drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Formamide"@en ;
skos:definition "The amide HCONH2, used as a drying control chemical additive in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Glycerol
gmat:Glycerol rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:DryingControlChemicalAdditive ;
pmat:hasCASNr "56-81-5" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_17754 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "propane-1,2,3-triol" ;
rdfs:comment "Glycerol (glycerine), a triol used as drying control chemical additive (DCCA) and plasticiser in sol-gel and bio-aerogel processing"@en ;
rdfs:label "Glycerol"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Glycerine"@en ;
skos:definition "The triol C3H8O3, used as a drying control chemical additive and plasticiser"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/NitricAcid
gmat:NitricAcid rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AcidCatalyst ;
pmat:hasCASNr "7697-37-2" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_48107 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "nitric acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Nitric acid (HNO3), a strong mineral acid used as hydrolysis catalyst in silica and metal oxide sol-gel synthesis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Nitric acid"@en ;
skos:definition "The strong mineral acid HNO3, used as an acid catalyst in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AceticAcid
gmat:AceticAcid rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AcidCatalyst ;
pmat:hasCASNr "64-19-7" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_15366 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "acetic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Acetic acid (CH3COOH), a weak carboxylic acid used as mild hydrolysis catalyst and chelating modifier in sol-gel synthesis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Acetic acid"@en ;
skos:definition "The carboxylic acid CH3COOH, used as a weak acid catalyst and chelating modifier in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OxalicAcid
gmat:OxalicAcid rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AcidCatalyst ;
pmat:hasCASNr "144-62-7" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_16995 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "oxalic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Oxalic acid ((COOH)2), a dicarboxylic acid used as mild hydrolysis catalyst, particularly in MTMS-based and two-step syntheses"@en ;
rdfs:label "Oxalic acid"@en ;
skos:definition "The dicarboxylic acid (COOH)2, used as a weak acid catalyst in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CitricAcid
gmat:CitricAcid rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AcidCatalyst ;
pmat:hasCASNr "77-92-9" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_30769 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid" ;
rdfs:comment "Citric acid, a tricarboxylic acid used as mild catalyst and chelating agent in sol-gel and bio-aerogel synthesis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Citric acid"@en ;
skos:definition "The tricarboxylic acid C6H8O7, used as a weak acid catalyst and chelating agent in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumHydroxide
gmat:SodiumHydroxide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:BaseCatalyst ;
pmat:hasCASNr "1310-73-2" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_32145 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "sodium hydroxide" ;
rdfs:comment "Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base used as condensation catalyst and for pH adjustment, e.g. in water-glass silica routes and chitosan gelation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sodium hydroxide"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Caustic soda"@en ;
skos:definition "The strong base NaOH, used as a base catalyst and pH adjuster in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumCarbonate
gmat:SodiumCarbonate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:BaseCatalyst ;
pmat:hasCASNr "497-19-8" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_29377 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "disodium carbonate" ;
rdfs:comment "Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), a mild base used as the classic catalyst of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel synthesis (the R/C ratio refers to it)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sodium carbonate"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Soda ash"@en ;
skos:definition "The mild base Na2CO3, used as the standard catalyst in RF organic aerogel synthesis"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HydrofluoricAcid
gmat:HydrofluoricAcid rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:AcidCatalyst ;
pmat:hasCASNr "7664-39-3" ;
skos:closeMatch obo:CHEBI_29228 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "hydrogen fluoride" ;
rdfs:comment "Hydrofluoric acid (HF), a fluoride catalyst that strongly accelerates condensation of silica sols; acts mechanistically like a nucleophilic (base-type) catalyst despite being an acid"@en ;
rdfs:label "Hydrofluoric acid"@en ;
skos:altLabel "HF"@en ;
skos:definition "The aqueous acid HF, used as a fluoride-mediated condensation catalyst in silica sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Urea
gmat:Urea rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
pmat:hasCASNr "57-13-6" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_16199 ;
pmat:hasIUPACName "urea" ;
rdfs:comment "Urea (CO(NH2)2), used for in-situ base generation (thermal hydrolysis to ammonia) in one-pot MTMS/TMOS syntheses and as nitrogen source for N-doped carbon aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Urea"@en ;
skos:definition "The diamide CO(NH2)2, used for in-situ base generation and as a co-monomer in sol-gel processing"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gas
gmat:Gas rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:CHEBI_24431 ;
rdfs:comment "A substance in the gaseous state used in processing or characterisation: pyrolysis and calcination atmospheres (N2, Ar, air), sorption adsorbates (N2, CO2), and drying media"@en ;
rdfs:label "Gas"@en ;
skos:definition "A chemical entity in the gaseous aggregation state, used as process atmosphere, adsorbate, or drying medium"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Nitrogen
gmat:Nitrogen rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gas ;
pmat:hasCASNr "7727-37-9" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_17997 ;
rdfs:comment "Nitrogen gas (N2), the standard inert pyrolysis and calcination atmosphere and the standard adsorbate of BET/BJH physisorption at 77 K"@en ;
rdfs:label "Nitrogen"@en ;
skos:altLabel "N2"@en ;
skos:definition "The diatomic gas N2, used as inert process atmosphere and physisorption adsorbate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Argon
gmat:Argon rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gas ;
pmat:hasCASNr "7440-37-1" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_49475 ;
rdfs:comment "Argon gas, an inert noble gas atmosphere for pyrolysis and other high-temperature treatments"@en ;
rdfs:label "Argon"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Ar"@en ;
skos:definition "The noble gas Ar, used as inert process atmosphere"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Air
gmat:Air rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gas ;
rdfs:comment "Ambient air, the oxidising atmosphere of calcination and of ambient pressure drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Air"@en ;
skos:definition "The ambient gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, used as oxidising process atmosphere"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonDioxide
gmat:CarbonDioxide rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gas ;
pmat:hasCASNr "124-38-9" ;
skos:exactMatch obo:CHEBI_16526 ;
rdfs:comment "Carbon dioxide gas (CO2), used as physical activation agent for carbon aerogels and as sorption adsorbate; its supercritical state is modelled separately as gmat:SupercriticalCO2"@en ;
rdfs:label "Carbon dioxide"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CO2"@en ;
skos:definition "The gas CO2; in the supercritical state (see gmat:SupercriticalCO2) the standard aerogel drying medium"@en .
#################################################################
# Thermal treatments and preparation steps
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalTreatment
gmat:ThermalTreatment rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:CreationProcess ;
rdfs:comment "A high-temperature post-treatment of a dried gel or aerogel - pyrolysis/carbonisation, calcination, curing, sintering. Characterised by a temperature (om:Temperature or gmat:TemperatureProfile), a gmat:Duration, a gmat:HeatingRate, and a gas atmosphere (gmat:hasAtmosphere)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermal treatment"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Heat treatment"@en ;
skos:definition "A creation process step in which a material is held at elevated temperature under a controlled atmosphere to transform its composition or structure"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pyrolysis
gmat:Pyrolysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalTreatment ;
rdfs:comment "Thermal decomposition of an organic aerogel in inert atmosphere (N2, Ar), typically 600-1100 degC, converting it into a carbon aerogel"@en ;
rdfs:label "Pyrolysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Carbonisation"@en ,
"Carbonization"@en ;
skos:definition "A thermal treatment in inert atmosphere that decomposes an organic network into carbon; the route from organic to carbon aerogels"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Calcination
gmat:Calcination rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalTreatment ;
rdfs:comment "Thermal treatment in air or oxygen to remove organic residues, dehydroxylate, or crystallise metal oxide networks (e.g. amorphous titania to anatase)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Calcination"@en ;
skos:definition "A thermal treatment in oxidising atmosphere that removes organics or induces crystallisation in oxide materials"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Curing
gmat:Curing rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalTreatment ;
rdfs:comment "Moderate-temperature treatment that completes cross-linking or imidisation of a polymer network (e.g. thermal imidisation of poly(amic acid), post-curing of RF gels)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Curing"@en ;
skos:definition "A thermal treatment that completes the cross-linking reactions of a polymer or hybrid network"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Sintering
gmat:Sintering rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalTreatment ;
rdfs:comment "High-temperature densification of a porous network by viscous flow or diffusion below the melting point; used deliberately for densification or as an unwanted effect limiting the service temperature of aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sintering"@en ;
skos:definition "A thermal treatment that densifies a porous solid by particle coalescence below the melting point"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Casting
gmat:Casting rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Pouring the sol into a mould (gmat:Mold) where gelation takes place, defining the geometry (monolith, slab) of the resulting gel"@en ;
rdfs:label "Casting"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Moulding"@en ,
"Molding"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which a sol is poured into a mould that defines the shape of the gel formed in it"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Sonication
gmat:Sonication rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Application of ultrasound to disperse particles (fibres, GO, CNT) in a sol, accelerate hydrolysis, or degas a mixture"@en ;
rdfs:label "Sonication"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Ultrasonication"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which ultrasound is applied to disperse, mix, or degas a liquid system"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Stirring
gmat:Stirring rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Mixing ;
rdfs:comment "Mechanical agitation of a solution or sol at a controlled stirring rate (gmat:StirringRate) using magnetic or overhead stirrers"@en ;
rdfs:label "Stirring"@en ;
skos:definition "A mixing step performed by mechanical agitation at a controlled stirring rate"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/IonExchange
gmat:IonExchange rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Passing a sodium silicate (water glass) solution through a cation exchange resin to replace Na+ with H+, yielding silicic acid sol; the essential desalination step of the water-glass route"@en ;
rdfs:label "Ion exchange"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which ions in a solution are replaced by contact with an ion exchange resin, notably the removal of sodium from water glass"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FreezeCasting
gmat:FreezeCasting rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Directional or bulk freezing of a suspension or gel so that growing ice crystals template an aligned macroporous architecture, subsequently revealed by freeze drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Freeze casting"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Directional freezing"@en ,
"Ice templating"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which controlled freezing templates the pore structure of a material via ice crystal growth"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Activation
gmat:Activation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalTreatment ;
rdfs:comment "Physical (CO2, steam) or chemical (KOH, ZnCl2) activation of carbon aerogels at high temperature to develop microporosity and increase surface area"@en ;
rdfs:label "Activation"@en ;
skos:definition "A thermal treatment in which a reactive agent etches microporosity into a carbon material to increase its surface area"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Impregnation
gmat:Impregnation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Infiltrating a porous host (fibre mat, foam) with a sol, or a finished aerogel with a functional phase; the standard route to aerogel blankets and composites (see also pmat:Coating)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Impregnation"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Infiltration"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which a liquid phase is infiltrated into a porous host material"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cooling
gmat:Cooling rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:SamplePreparation ;
rdfs:comment "Controlled reduction of temperature after a thermal step or to induce thermal gelation (e.g. gelatin); the descending counterpart of temperature ramping"@en ;
rdfs:label "Cooling"@en ;
skos:definition "A sample preparation step in which the temperature of a sample is lowered in a controlled manner"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MicrowaveDrying
gmat:MicrowaveDrying rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Drying ;
rdfs:comment "Drying by volumetric microwave heating of the pore liquid; a fast evaporative route reported for silica and bio-aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Microwave drying"@en ;
skos:definition "A drying method in which the pore liquid is removed by volumetric microwave heating"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HighTemperatureSupercriticalDrying
gmat:HighTemperatureSupercriticalDrying rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SupercriticalDrying ;
rdfs:comment "Supercritical drying directly from the organic pore solvent (ethanol or methanol, Tc ~240-243 degC) in an autoclave, without exchange to CO2; the original Kistler-type HOT route, distinguished from low-temperature scCO2 drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "High-temperature supercritical drying"@en ;
skos:altLabel "HOT supercritical drying"@en ,
"Supercritical ethanol drying"@en ;
skos:definition "A supercritical drying method in which the organic pore solvent itself is brought above its critical point, as opposed to exchange against supercritical CO2"@en .
#################################################################
# Characterisation methods
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SAXS
gmat:SAXS rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "SAXS" ;
rdfs:comment "Small-angle X-ray scattering; yields fractal dimensions (gmat:MassFractalDimension, gmat:SurfaceFractalDimension), Porod exponent, correlation length, and primary particle size of aerogel networks"@en ;
rdfs:label "Small-angle X-ray scattering"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SAXS"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that measures elastic X-ray scattering at small angles to characterise nanostructure (fractal scaling, particle and cluster sizes) of a material"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SANS
gmat:SANS rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "SANS" ;
rdfs:comment "Small-angle neutron scattering; complements SAXS with contrast-variation capability for multi-phase and hydrogenous aerogel systems"@en ;
rdfs:label "Small-angle neutron scattering"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SANS"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that measures elastic neutron scattering at small angles to characterise nanostructure of a material"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MercuryIntrusionPorosimetry
gmat:MercuryIntrusionPorosimetry rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:PorosityMeasurement ;
pmat:hasAcronym "MIP" ;
rdfs:comment "Determination of macro- and mesopore size distribution by pressurised mercury intrusion; note that compressible aerogels are often crushed rather than intruded, so results need careful interpretation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Mercury intrusion porosimetry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MIP"@en ;
skos:definition "A porosity measurement in which mercury is forced into the pores of a material under increasing pressure to determine pore volume and size distribution"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeliumPycnometry
gmat:HeliumPycnometry rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:SkeletalDensityMeasurement ;
rdfs:comment "Gas displacement pycnometry with helium; the standard realisation of skeletal density measurement (gmat:SkeletalDensity), performed e.g. on an Accupyc instrument"@en ;
rdfs:label "Helium pycnometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Gas pycnometry"@en ;
skos:definition "A skeletal density measurement that determines the skeletal volume of a sample by helium gas displacement"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BulkDensityMeasurement
gmat:BulkDensityMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Determination of bulk (envelope) density (gmat:BulkDensity), usually geometrically from mass and dimensions of a regular monolith, or by envelope (powder displacement) pycnometry (e.g. GeoPyc)"@en ;
rdfs:label "Bulk density measurement"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Envelope density measurement"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that determines the envelope density of a sample from its mass and envelope volume"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermogravimetricAnalysis
gmat:ThermogravimetricAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "TGA" ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of sample mass as a function of temperature, used for thermal stability, organic content, and decomposition behaviour of aerogels; performed on a pmat:ThermogravimetricAnalyzer"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermogravimetric analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TGA"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that records the mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time under a controlled atmosphere"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DifferentialScanningCalorimetry
gmat:DifferentialScanningCalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "DSC" ;
rdfs:comment "Measurement of heat flow to or from a sample relative to a reference during a temperature programme; yields specific heat capacity, glass transitions, and phase change enthalpies; performed on a pmat:DifferentialScanningCalorimeter"@en ;
rdfs:label "Differential scanning calorimetry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DSC"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that measures differential heat flow between a sample and a reference as a function of temperature"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/XRayDiffraction
gmat:XRayDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "XRD" ;
rdfs:comment "Wide-angle X-ray diffraction, used to establish the amorphous or crystalline state of aerogels and the phase of metal oxide aerogels (e.g. anatase vs rutile titania)"@en ;
rdfs:label "X-ray diffraction"@en ;
skos:altLabel "XRD"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that measures Bragg diffraction of X-rays to identify crystalline phases and crystallite sizes"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TEMImaging
gmat:TEMImaging rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "TEM" ;
rdfs:comment "Transmission electron microscopy imaging of the primary particle and pore network structure; performed on a pmat:TransmissionElectronMicroscope"@en ;
rdfs:label "TEM imaging"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Transmission electron microscopy"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that images the nanostructure of a thin specimen by transmission of an electron beam"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FTIRSpectroscopy
gmat:FTIRSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "FTIR" ;
rdfs:comment "Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, used to verify siloxane network formation, silylation (Si-CH3 bands), and residual organics; performed on a pmat:FTIRSpectrometer (the device class already present in Polymat)"@en ;
rdfs:label "FTIR spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FTIR"@en ,
"Infrared spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that records the infrared absorption spectrum of a sample by Fourier-transform interferometry"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/RamanSpectroscopy
gmat:RamanSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Raman scattering spectroscopy; for carbon aerogels the D/G band ratio quantifies graphitisation, for oxides it identifies phases"@en ;
rdfs:label "Raman spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that records inelastic (Raman) light scattering to characterise molecular and lattice vibrations"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/XPSAnalysis
gmat:XPSAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "XPS" ;
rdfs:comment "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quantifying surface elemental composition and oxidation states, e.g. of doped carbon or hybrid aerogel surfaces"@en ;
rdfs:label "XPS analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that measures the kinetic energy of X-ray-excited photoelectrons to determine surface composition and chemical states"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/EDXAnalysis
gmat:EDXAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
pmat:hasAcronym "EDX" ;
rdfs:comment "Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy performed in an electron microscope, mapping elemental composition of aerogel samples"@en ;
rdfs:label "EDX analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "EDS"@en ,
"Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that determines elemental composition from characteristic X-rays excited by an electron beam"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolidStateNMR
gmat:SolidStateNMR rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf pmat:Analysis ;
rdfs:comment "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy (29Si, 13C, 27Al); 29Si Q/T-species ratios quantify network connectivity (gmat:NetworkConnectivity) and condensation degree; performed on a pmat:NMRSpectrometer"@en ;
rdfs:label "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ssNMR"@en ;
skos:definition "An analysis that records nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of solid samples, typically under magic-angle spinning"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GuardedHotPlate
gmat:GuardedHotPlate rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalConductivityTesting ;
rdfs:comment "Steady-state absolute thermal conductivity measurement between a guarded hot plate and cold plates (ISO 8302); the primary reference method for insulation materials"@en ;
rdfs:label "Guarded hot plate method"@en ;
skos:definition "A steady-state thermal conductivity measurement in which a guarded hot plate imposes a known heat flux across a slab specimen"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeatFlowMeterMethod
gmat:HeatFlowMeterMethod rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalConductivityTesting ;
rdfs:comment "Steady-state comparative thermal conductivity measurement using calibrated heat flux transducers (ISO 8301); faster than the guarded hot plate; instrument class gmat:HeatFlowMeter"@en ;
rdfs:label "Heat flow meter method"@en ;
skos:definition "A steady-state thermal conductivity measurement in which the heat flux through a slab specimen is recorded by calibrated flux transducers"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TransientHotWire
gmat:TransientHotWire rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalConductivityTesting ;
rdfs:comment "Transient thermal conductivity measurement from the temperature rise of a line heat source embedded in the sample; includes the related transient plane source (Hot Disk) variant"@en ;
rdfs:label "Transient hot wire method"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Hot wire method"@en ,
"Transient plane source"@en ;
skos:definition "A transient thermal conductivity measurement based on the temperature response of an embedded line or plane heat source"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/LaserFlash
gmat:LaserFlash rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:ThermalConductivityTesting ;
pmat:hasAcronym "LFA" ;
rdfs:comment "Laser flash analysis: a light pulse heats one face of a disc specimen and the rear-face temperature transient yields thermal diffusivity, from which conductivity is computed with density and heat capacity"@en ;
rdfs:label "Laser flash analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LFA"@en ;
skos:definition "A transient method that determines thermal diffusivity from the rear-face temperature response to a light pulse"@en .
#################################################################
# Material families and applications
#################################################################
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AluminaAerogel
gmat:AluminaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MetalOxideAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel with an Al2O3 network, typically from aluminium sec-butoxide (Yoldas route) or AlCl3/epoxide routes; valued for high-temperature stability"@en ;
rdfs:label "Alumina aerogel"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Al2O3 aerogel"@en ;
skos:definition "A metal oxide aerogel whose solid framework consists of aluminium oxide"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TitaniaAerogel
gmat:TitaniaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MetalOxideAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel with a TiO2 network, typically from titanium isopropoxide; studied for photocatalysis"@en ;
rdfs:label "Titania aerogel"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TiO2 aerogel"@en ;
skos:definition "A metal oxide aerogel whose solid framework consists of titanium dioxide"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ZirconiaAerogel
gmat:ZirconiaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MetalOxideAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel with a ZrO2 network, typically from zirconium n-propoxide or ZrOCl2/epoxide routes; used in catalysis and high-temperature insulation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Zirconia aerogel"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ZrO2 aerogel"@en ;
skos:definition "A metal oxide aerogel whose solid framework consists of zirconium dioxide"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/IronOxideAerogel
gmat:IronOxideAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:MetalOxideAerogel ;
rdfs:comment "An aerogel with an iron oxide (Fe2O3/Fe3O4) network, typically from FeCl3/epoxide routes; studied for magnetism, catalysis, and energetic composites"@en ;
rdfs:label "Iron oxide aerogel"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Fe2O3 aerogel"@en ;
skos:definition "A metal oxide aerogel whose solid framework consists of iron oxide"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cryogel
gmat:Cryogel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gel ;
rdfs:comment "A dried gel obtained by freeze drying (lyophilisation) of a wet gel; ice crystal growth typically leaves a more macroporous, often lamellar structure than supercritical drying"@en ;
rdfs:label "Cryogel"@en ;
skos:definition "A dried gel produced by freezing the pore liquid and removing it by sublimation (freeze drying)"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Ambigel
gmat:Ambigel rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Gel ;
rdfs:comment "A dried gel obtained by ambient pressure (evaporative) drying under conditions that largely preserve the pore network (surface modification, low-surface-tension solvent); intermediate between xerogel and aerogel"@en ;
rdfs:label "Ambigel"@en ;
skos:definition "A dried gel produced by ambient pressure drying with measures that substantially preserve the mesoporous network"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Application
gmat:Application rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf obo:BFO_0000017 ;
rdfs:comment "An intended or demonstrated use of a material. Modelled as a BFO realizable entity borne by the material and linked from it with gmat:hasApplication"@en ;
rdfs:label "Application"@en ;
skos:definition "A realizable entity representing an intended or demonstrated field of use of a material"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalInsulation
gmat:ThermalInsulation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Application ;
rdfs:comment "Use of a material to suppress heat transfer - building insulation, industrial piping, aerospace thermal protection; the dominant aerogel application"@en ;
rdfs:label "Thermal insulation"@en ;
skos:definition "The application of a material as a barrier against heat transfer"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Adsorption
gmat:Adsorption rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Application ;
rdfs:comment "Use of a material as sorbent - oil and organic solvent uptake, CO2 capture, water treatment, gas storage"@en ;
rdfs:label "Adsorption"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Sorption"@en ;
skos:definition "The application of a material as a sorbent for liquids, gases, or dissolved species"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CatalystSupport
gmat:CatalystSupport rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Application ;
rdfs:comment "Use of a high-surface-area material as carrier for catalytically active phases"@en ;
rdfs:label "Catalyst support"@en ;
skos:definition "The application of a material as a carrier for catalytically active species"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DrugDelivery
gmat:DrugDelivery rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Application ;
rdfs:comment "Use of a (typically bio-)aerogel as carrier for controlled release of pharmaceutical compounds"@en ;
rdfs:label "Drug delivery"@en ;
skos:definition "The application of a material as a carrier for the controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Electrode
gmat:Electrode rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Application ;
rdfs:comment "Use of a (typically carbon or metal oxide) aerogel as electrode material in supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, or capacitive deionisation"@en ;
rdfs:label "Electrode"@en ;
skos:definition "The application of a material as an electrode in an electrochemical device"@en .
### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AcousticInsulation
gmat:AcousticInsulation rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf gmat:Application ;
rdfs:comment "Use of a material to attenuate sound transmission, exploiting the low sound velocity in aerogels"@en ;
rdfs:label "Acoustic insulation"@en ;
skos:definition "The application of a material as a barrier against sound transmission"@en .
#################################################################
# General axioms
#################################################################
# The five aerogel defect kinds are mutually exclusive: an individual defect
# state cannot be, e.g., both a crack and residual solvent.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:Cracking
gmat:IncompleteDrying
gmat:NonuniformStructure
gmat:Opacity
gmat:StructuralCollapse
)
] .
# --- Sibling disjointness ---------------------------------------------------
# Disjointness is asserted only where sibling classes are genuinely mutually
# exclusive at the individual level. Deliberately NOT declared disjoint:
# - role-like substance classes (Acid/PHAdjuster, BaseCatalyst/AmmoniumCompound,
# Surfactant, Crosslinker, ...): one substance routinely plays several roles;
# - gelation pathways (PhaseSeparation/SolGelPolymerisation): a single gelation
# can proceed by both simultaneously (e.g. MTMS systems);
# - PorosityMeasurement vs SpecificSurfaceAreaMeasurement: one BET run yields both;
# - elastic moduli (YoungsModulus/CompressiveModulus): coincide for isotropic
# materials;
# - CompositeAerogel/HybridAerogel vs the material-family classes: composites
# and hybrids intentionally cross-cut them.
# Physical gel forms: a gel sample at a given time is exactly one of these.
# Cryogel (freeze-dried) and Ambigel (ambient-dried, structure preserved)
# are further mutually exclusive dried-gel forms.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:Aerogel gmat:Ambigel gmat:Cryogel gmat:WetGel gmat:Xerogel )
] .
# Drying methods: one drying process instance follows one route.
# (HighTemperatureSupercriticalDrying is a subclass of SupercriticalDrying
# and therefore not listed here.)
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:AmbientPressureDrying gmat:FreezeDrying
gmat:MicrowaveDrying gmat:SupercriticalDrying
gmat:VacuumDrying )
] .
# Density kinds: one density value is of exactly one kind.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:BulkDensity gmat:SkeletalDensity gmat:TapDensity )
] .
# Supercritical media.
gmat:SupercriticalCO2 owl:disjointWith gmat:SupercriticalEthanol .
# Sample geometries.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:Beads gmat:DogBone gmat:Monolith gmat:Slabs )
] .
# Process parameter kinds.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:ExchangeRatio gmat:MolarRatio gmat:PHCondition
gmat:PressureProfile gmat:StirringRate
gmat:TemperatureProfile gmat:VolumeRatio )
] .
# Dryer equipment kinds.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:FreezeDryer gmat:Oven gmat:SupercriticalDryer )
] .
# Pump kinds.
gmat:SyringePump owl:disjointWith gmat:VacuumPump .
# Chemically distinct solvents / solvent families.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:Acetone gmat:Alcohol gmat:Water )
] .
gmat:Ethanol owl:disjointWith gmat:Methanol .
# Synthesis step kinds: a whole synthesis is not one of its steps, and the
# named steps are distinct process kinds.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:AerogelSynthesis gmat:Aging gmat:Gelation gmat:SolFormation )
] .
gmat:Pressurization owl:disjointWith gmat:Depressurization .
# Characterisation methods (clearly distinct measurement kinds only; see
# exclusions above for BET/SSA overlap).
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:CompressionTesting gmat:HydrophobicityTesting
gmat:OpticalTransmittanceMeasurement
gmat:SkeletalDensityMeasurement gmat:ThermalConductivityTesting )
] .
gmat:BETAnalysis owl:disjointWith gmat:BJHAnalysis .
# Quantity kinds: an individual quantity instance is of exactly one kind.
[ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
owl:members ( gmat:Density gmat:SurfaceArea gmat:PoreVolume
gmat:ParticleSize gmat:Duration gmat:VolumetricFlowRate )
] .
gmat:MassFractalDimension owl:disjointWith gmat:SurfaceFractalDimension .
# Material families.
gmat:InorganicAerogel owl:disjointWith gmat:OrganicAerogel .
### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.29.2024-05-13T12:11:03Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi