{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](http://donnemartin.com). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Solution Notebook"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Problem: Implement fibonacci recursively, dynamically, and iteratively.\n",
    "\n",
    "* [Constraints](#Constraints)\n",
    "* [Test Cases](#Test-Cases)\n",
    "* [Algorithm](#Algorithm)\n",
    "* [Code](#Code)\n",
    "* [Unit Test](#Unit-Test)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Constraints\n",
    "\n",
    "* Does the sequence start at 0 or 1?\n",
    "    * 0\n",
    "* Can we assume the inputs are valid non-negative ints?\n",
    "    * Yes\n",
    "* Are you looking for a recursive or iterative solution?\n",
    "    * Either\n",
    "* Can we assume this fits memory?\n",
    "    * Yes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Test Cases\n",
    "\n",
    "* n = 0 -> 0\n",
    "* n = 1 -> 1\n",
    "* n = 6 -> 8\n",
    "* Fib sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Algorithm\n",
    "\n",
    "Recursive:\n",
    "* Fibonacci is as follows: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34...\n",
    "* If n = 0 or 1, return n\n",
    "* Else return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)\n",
    "\n",
    "Complexity:\n",
    "* Time: O(2^n) if recursive or iterative, O(n) if dynamic\n",
    "* Space: O(n) if recursive, O(1) if iterative, O(n) if dynamic"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Code"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class Math(object):\n",
    "\n",
    "    def fib_iterative(self, n):\n",
    "        a = 0\n",
    "        b = 1\n",
    "        for _ in range(n):\n",
    "            a, b = b, a + b\n",
    "        return a\n",
    "\n",
    "    def fib_recursive(self, n):\n",
    "        if n == 0 or n == 1:\n",
    "            return n\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            return self.fib_recursive(n-1) + self.fib_recursive(n-2)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def fib_dynamic(self, n):\n",
    "        cache = {}\n",
    "        return self._fib_dynamic(n, cache)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def _fib_dynamic(self, n, cache):\n",
    "        if n == 0 or n == 1:\n",
    "            return n\n",
    "        if n in cache:\n",
    "            return cache[n]\n",
    "        cache[n] = self._fib_dynamic(n-1, cache) + self._fib_dynamic(n-2, cache)\n",
    "        return cache[n]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Unit Test\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting test_fibonacci.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%writefile test_fibonacci.py\n",
    "import unittest\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "class TestFib(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "\n",
    "    def test_fib(self, func):\n",
    "        result = []\n",
    "        expected = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]\n",
    "        for i in range(len(expected)):\n",
    "            result.append(func(i))\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(result, expected)\n",
    "        print('Success: test_fib')\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def main():\n",
    "    test = TestFib()\n",
    "    math = Math()\n",
    "    test.test_fib(math.fib_recursive)\n",
    "    test.test_fib(math.fib_dynamic)\n",
    "    test.test_fib(math.fib_iterative)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
    "    main()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Success: test_fib\n",
      "Success: test_fib\n",
      "Success: test_fib\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%run -i test_fibonacci.py"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.7.2"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 1
}