CHELSA-bioclim (V2.1)
type: Dataset
comment: This dataset metadata was generated with the use of AI and reviewed by an expert. If you see any mistakes please file an issue on GitHub at https://github.com/earthcube/communityCollections/issues.
description: CHELSA-bioclim is a global, kilometer-scale climate dataset generated with the CHELSA downscaling model. It consists of bioclimatic variables and related predictors used in ecological and environmental analyses.
version: 2.1
creator: WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)
publisher: WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)
keywords: CHELSA
keywords: bioclim
keywords: bioclimatic variables
keywords: ecology
keywords: species distribution modeling
keywords: climate predictors
variable measured: Mean Annual Near-Surface Air Temperature
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio01
  unit text: °C
  description: Mean annual temperature calculated as the average of mean monthly temperatures over the year
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Diurnal Near-Surface Air Temperature Range
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio02
  unit text: °C
  description: Mean diurnal temperature range computed as the average of monthly daily maximum minus daily minimum near-surface air temperature
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Isothermality
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio03
  unit text: °C
  description: Isothermality: 100 × bio02 ÷ bio07; compares day-night variability to annual temperature range
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Temperature Seasonality
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio04
  unit text: °C/100
  description: Temperature seasonality given by the standard deviation of mean monthly temperatures
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Warmest Month
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio05
  unit text: °C
  description: Highest monthly mean of daily maximum temperatures across the year; indicates peak thermal conditions
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Coldest Month
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio06
  unit text: °C
  description: Lowest monthly mean of daily minimum temperatures across the year; characterizes winter cold intensity
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Annual Daily Mean Near-Surface Air Temperature Range
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio07
  unit text: °C
  description: Annual temperature range calculated as bio05 minus bio06; measures amplitude between warmest and coldest months
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Daily Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Wettest Quarter
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio08
  unit text: °C
  description: Average monthly mean temperature over the wettest three-month period of the year
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Daily Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Driest Quarter
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio09
  unit text: °C
  description: Average monthly mean temperature over the driest three-month period of the year
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Daily Mean Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Warmest Quarter
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio10
  unit text: °C
  description: Average monthly mean temperature over the warmest three-month period of the year
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Daily Mean Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Coldest Quarter
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio11
  unit text: °C
  description: Average monthly mean temperature over the coldest three-month period of the year
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Annual Precipitation
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio12
  unit text: kg m-2 year-1
  description: Sum of monthly precipitation totals across the year
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Precipitation of the Wettest Month
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio13
  unit text: kg m-2 month-1
  description: Maximum monthly precipitation total
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Precipitation of the Driest Month
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio14
  unit text: kg m-2 month-1
  description: Minimum monthly precipitation total
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Precipitation Seasonality
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio15
  unit text: kg m-2
  description: Coefficient of variation: 100 × standard deviation ÷ mean of monthly precipitation totals
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Wettest Quarter
  type: PropertyValue
  alternate name: bio16
  unit text: kg m-2 month-1
  description: Average monthly precipitation during the wettest three-month period of the year
  temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
  spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
    type: Place
    geo: GeoShape
      box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
  temporal resolution: not detected
  spatial resolution: not detected
variable measured: Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Driest Quarter
variable measured: Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Warmest Quarter
variable measured: Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Coldest Quarter
variable measured: Frost Change Frequency
variable measured: First Day of the Growing Season TREELIM
variable measured: Growing Degree Days Heat Sum above 0 °C
variable measured: Growing Degree Days Heat Sum above 10 °C
variable measured: Growing Degree Days Heat Sum above 5 °C
variable measured: First Growing Degree Day above 10 °C
variable measured: First Growing Degree Day above 5 °C
variable measured: Growing Season Length
variable measured: Accumulated Precipitation Amount on Growing Season Days
variable measured: Mean Temperature of Growing Season Days
variable measured: Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification
variable measured: Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification without As and Aw Differentiation
variable measured: Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification after Peel et al. 2007
variable measured: Climate Classification after Wissmann 1939
variable measured: Climate Classification after Thornthwaite 1931
variable measured: Climate Classification after Troll-Pfaffen
variable measured: Last Day of the Growing Season TREELIM
variable measured: Number of Growing Degree Days above 0 °C
variable measured: Number of Growing Degree Days above 10 °C
variable measured: Number of Growing Degree Days above 5 °C
variable measured: Net Primary Production on Land as Carbon Mass Flux
variable measured: Snow Cover Days
variable measured: Snow Water Equivalent
license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
encoding format: image/tiff
encoding format: application=geotiff
encoding format: profile=cloud-optimized
encoding format: COG
distribution: CHELSA-bioclim downloads (COG)
citation: Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future
citation: CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ A novel set of global climate-related predictors at kilometre-resolution
about: Bioclimatic predictors
about: Biodiversity and ecology

WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)
type: Organization

PropertyValue
property ID: doi
value: 10.5194/essd-14-5573-2022

PropertyValue
property ID: doi
value: 10.16904/envidat.332

Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Driest Quarter
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: bio17
unit text: kg m-2 month-1
description: Average monthly precipitation during the driest three-month period of the year
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Warmest Quarter
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: bio18
unit text: kg m-2 month-1
description: Average monthly precipitation during the warmest three-month period of the year
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Coldest Quarter
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: bio19
unit text: kg m-2 month-1
description: Average monthly precipitation during the coldest three-month period of the year
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Frost Change Frequency
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: fcf
unit text: count
description: Number of freeze-thaw transitions per year.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

First Day of the Growing Season TREELIM
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: fgd
unit text: julian day
description: Julian day marking the first occurrence of growing season conditions.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Growing Degree Days Heat Sum above 0 °C
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: gdd0
unit text: °C
description: Sum of daily mean temperatures above 0 °C accumulated over the year.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Growing Degree Days Heat Sum above 10 °C
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: gdd10
unit text: °C
description: Sum of daily mean temperatures above 10 °C accumulated over the year.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Growing Degree Days Heat Sum above 5 °C
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: gdd5
unit text: °C
description: Sum of daily mean temperatures above 5 °C accumulated over the year.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

First Growing Degree Day above 10 °C
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: gdgfgd10
unit text: julian day
description: Julian day of the first occurrence of a daily mean temperature above 10 °C.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

First Growing Degree Day above 5 °C
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: gdgfgd5
unit text: julian day
description: Julian day of the first occurrence of a daily mean temperature above 5 °C.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Growing Season Length
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: gsl
unit text: days
description: Number of days between the first and last occurrence of growing season conditions.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Accumulated Precipitation Amount on Growing Season Days
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: gsp
unit text: kg m-2 gsl-1
description: Total precipitation accumulated during the growing season period.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Mean Temperature of Growing Season Days
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: gst
unit text: °C
description: Average daily mean temperature over all growing season days.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: kg0
unit text: category
description: Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification without As and Aw Differentiation
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: kg1
unit text: category
description: Köppen-Geiger climate classification without As and Aw differentiation.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification after Peel et al. 2007
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: kg2
unit text: category
description: Köppen-Geiger climate classification after Peel et al. 2007.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Climate Classification after Wissmann 1939
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: kg3
unit text: category
description: Climate classification after Wissmann 1939.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Climate Classification after Thornthwaite 1931
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: kg4
unit text: category
description: Climate classification after Thornthwaite 1931.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Climate Classification after Troll-Pfaffen
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: kg5
unit text: category
description: Climate classification after Troll-Pfaffen.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Last Day of the Growing Season TREELIM
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: lgd
unit text: julian day
description: Julian day of the last occurrence of growing season conditions.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Number of Growing Degree Days above 0 °C
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: ngd0
unit text: number of days
description: Total number of days in a year with mean daily temperature above 0 °C.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Number of Growing Degree Days above 10 °C
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: ngd10
unit text: number of days
description: Total number of days in a year with mean daily temperature above 10 °C.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Number of Growing Degree Days above 5 °C
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: ngd5
unit text: number of days
description: Total number of days in a year with mean daily temperature above 5 °C.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Net Primary Production on Land as Carbon Mass Flux
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: npp
unit text: g C m-2 yr-1
description: Net primary production on land expressed as carbon mass flux.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Snow Cover Days
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: scd
unit text: days
description: Number of days per year with snow cover present at the surface.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

Snow Water Equivalent
type: PropertyValue
alternate name: swe
unit text: kg m-2 year-1
description: Total water equivalent of snowpack accumulated over the year.
temporal coverage: 1981-2010/1971-2100
spatial coverage: Global land surface areas
  type: Place
  geo: GeoShape
    box: -180.0,-60.0 180.0,90.0
temporal resolution: not detected
spatial resolution: not detected

CHELSA-bioclim downloads (COG)
type: DataDownload
description: Download portal for CHELSA bioclimatic variables.
encoding format: image/tiff
encoding format: application=geotiff
encoding format: profile=cloud-optimized

Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future
type: ScholarlyArticle
author: P. Brun
author: N. E. Zimmermann
author: C. Hari
author: L. Pellissier
author: D. N. Karger
is part of: Earth System Science Data
date published: 2022
volume number: 14
issue number: 12
pagination: 5573-5603

CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ A novel set of global climate-related predictors at kilometre-resolution
type: Dataset
author: P. Brun
author: N. E. Zimmermann
author: C. Hari
author: L. Pellissier
author: D. N. Karger
publisher: EnviDat
date published: 2022

Bioclimatic predictors
type: Thing

Biodiversity and ecology
type: Thing