{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Dataset",
  "comment": "This dataset metadata was generated with the use of AI and reviewed by an expert. If you see any mistakes please file an issue on GitHub at https://github.com/earthcube/communityCollections/issues.",
  "@id": "https://www.chelsa-climate.org/datasets/chelsa-trace21k-centennial-bioclim#dataset",
  "name": "CHELSA-TraCE21k-centennial-bioclim (V1.0)",
  "description": "CHELSA-TraCE21k-centennial-bioclim is a global, kilometer-scale dataset generated with the CHELSA-TraCE21k downscaling model. It consists of bioclimatic and topographic variables summarized over centennial time steps from 21k BP to 0 BP.",
  "url": "https://www.chelsa-climate.org/datasets/chelsa-trace21k-centennial-bioclim",
  "version": "1.0",
  "creator": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "@id": "https://www.chelsa-climate.org/#publisher",
    "name": "WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)",
    "url": "https://www.wsl.ch/"
  },
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "@id": "https://www.chelsa-climate.org/#publisher",
    "name": "WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)",
    "url": "https://www.wsl.ch/"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "CHELSA",
    "TraCE21k",
    "paleoclimate",
    "bioclim",
    "bioclimatic variables",
    "downscaling"
  ],
  "variableMeasured": [
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Annual Near-Surface Air Temperature",
      "alternateName": "bio01",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Mean annual temperature calculated as the average of mean monthly temperatures over the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Diurnal Near-Surface Air Temperature Range",
      "alternateName": "bio02",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Mean diurnal temperature range computed as the average of monthly daily maximum minus daily minimum near-surface air temperature",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Isothermality",
      "alternateName": "bio03",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Isothermality: 100 × bio02 ÷ bio07; compares day-night variability to annual temperature range",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Temperature Seasonality",
      "alternateName": "bio04",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Temperature seasonality given by the standard deviation of mean monthly temperatures",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Warmest Month",
      "alternateName": "bio05",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Highest monthly mean of daily maximum temperatures across the year; indicates peak thermal conditions",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Coldest Month",
      "alternateName": "bio06",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Lowest monthly mean of daily minimum temperatures across the year; characterizes winter cold intensity",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Annual Daily Mean Near-Surface Air Temperature Range",
      "alternateName": "bio07",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Annual temperature range calculated as bio05 minus bio06; measures amplitude between warmest and coldest months",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Daily Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Wettest Quarter",
      "alternateName": "bio08",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Average monthly mean temperature over the wettest three-month period of the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Daily Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Driest Quarter",
      "alternateName": "bio09",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Average monthly mean temperature over the driest three-month period of the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Daily Mean Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Warmest Quarter",
      "alternateName": "bio10",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Average monthly mean temperature over the warmest three-month period of the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Daily Mean Near-Surface Air Temperature of the Coldest Quarter",
      "alternateName": "bio11",
      "unitText": "K",
      "description": "Average monthly mean temperature over the coldest three-month period of the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Annual Precipitation",
      "alternateName": "bio12",
      "unitText": "kg m-2 year-1",
      "description": "Sum of monthly precipitation totals across the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Precipitation of the Wettest Month",
      "alternateName": "bio13",
      "unitText": "kg m-2 month-1",
      "description": "Maximum monthly precipitation total",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Precipitation of the Driest Month",
      "alternateName": "bio14",
      "unitText": "kg m-2 month-1",
      "description": "Minimum monthly precipitation total",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Precipitation Seasonality",
      "alternateName": "bio15",
      "unitText": "kg m-2",
      "description": "Coefficient of variation: 100 × standard deviation ÷ mean of monthly precipitation totals",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Wettest Quarter",
      "alternateName": "bio16",
      "unitText": "kg m-2 month-1",
      "description": "Average monthly precipitation during the wettest three-month period of the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Driest Quarter",
      "alternateName": "bio17",
      "unitText": "kg m-2 month-1",
      "description": "Average monthly precipitation during the driest three-month period of the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Warmest Quarter",
      "alternateName": "bio18",
      "unitText": "kg m-2 month-1",
      "description": "Average monthly precipitation during the warmest three-month period of the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Mean Monthly Precipitation of the Coldest Quarter",
      "alternateName": "bio19",
      "unitText": "kg m-2 month-1",
      "description": "Average monthly precipitation during the coldest three-month period of the year",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Ice Sheet Surface Altitude",
      "alternateName": "glz",
      "unitText": "m",
      "description": "Elevation of the ice sheet surface above sea level.",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Surface Altitude",
      "alternateName": "orog",
      "unitText": "m",
      "description": "Geometric height of the land surface above the geoid.",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Snow Cover Days",
      "alternateName": "scd",
      "unitText": "days",
      "description": "Number of days per year with snow cover present at the surface.",
      "temporalCoverage": "21000BP/0BP",
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global land surface areas"
      },
      "temporalResolution": "not detected",
      "spatialResolution": "not detected"
    }
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
  "encodingFormat": [
    "image/tiff",
    "application=geotiff",
    "profile=cloud-optimized",
    "COG"
  ],
  "distribution": [
    {
      "@type": "DataDownload",
      "name": "CHELSA-TraCE21k-centennial-bioclim downloads (COG)",
      "description": "Download portal for TraCE21k centennial bioclim variables.",
      "contentUrl": "https://envicloud.wsl.ch/#/?bucket=https%3A%2F%2Fos.zhdk.cloud.switch.ch%2Fchelsa01%2F&prefix=chelsa_trace21k%2Fglobal%2Fbioclim%2F",
      "encodingFormat": [
        "image/tiff",
        "application=geotiff",
        "profile=cloud-optimized"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citation": [
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "name": "CHELSA-TraCE21k: high-resolution (1 km) downscaled transient temperature and precipitation data since the Last Glacial Maximum",
      "author": [
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "D. N. Karger"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "M. P. Nobis"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "S. Normand"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "C. H. Graham"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "N. E. Zimmermann"
        }
      ],
      "datePublished": "2023",
      "isPartOf": {
        "@type": "Periodical",
        "name": "Climate of the Past"
      },
      "volumeNumber": "19",
      "pagination": "439-456",
      "identifier": {
        "@type": "PropertyValue",
        "propertyID": "doi",
        "value": "10.5194/cp-19-439-2023"
      },
      "sameAs": "https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-439-2023"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Dataset",
      "name": "CHELSA-TraCE21k-centennial-bioclim and topographic data since the Last Glacial Maximum",
      "author": [
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "D. N. Karger"
        }
      ],
      "publisher": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "EnviDat"
      },
      "datePublished": "2025",
      "identifier": {
        "@type": "PropertyValue",
        "propertyID": "doi",
        "value": "10.16904/envidat.691"
      },
      "sameAs": "https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.691"
    }
  ],
  "about": [
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Paleoclimate bioclimatic predictors"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Species distribution modeling (paleo)"
    }
  ]
}