{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Dataset",
  "comment": "This dataset metadata was generated with the use of AI and reviewed by an expert. If you see any mistakes please file an issue on GitHub at https://github.com/earthcube/communityCollections/issues.",
  "@id": "https://www.climatologylab.org/terraclimate.html#dataset",
  "name": "TerraClimate: Monthly Climate and Climatic Water Balance for Global Terrestrial Surfaces",
  "description": "TerraClimate is a dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance for global terrestrial land surfaces at ~4-km (1/24°) spatial resolution. TerraClimate v1.1 provides time-varying monthly climate fields from 1950-present using climatically aided interpolation: high-resolution climatological normals from WorldClim are combined with monthly anomalies from ERA5 reanalysis. TerraClimate also produces monthly surface water balance variables using a modified Thornthwaite-Mather climatic water-balance model incorporating precipitation, temperature, reference evapotranspiration, and soil water capacity. Additional future layers are provided for +2°C and +4°C global mean temperature futures, plus a counterfactual climate scenario, for pseudo-years 1950-2025. Data are distributed primarily as compressed NetCDF (NetCDF4) via THREDDS/OPeNDAP and related web services and are also available as a Google Earth Engine image collection.",
  "url": "https://www.climatologylab.org/terraclimate.html",
  "isAccessibleForFree": true,
  "keywords": [
    "TerraClimate",
    "monthly climate",
    "climatic water balance",
    "temperature",
    "precipitation",
    "vapor pressure",
    "solar radiation",
    "wind speed",
    "evapotranspiration",
    "runoff",
    "soil moisture",
    "snow water equivalent",
    "PDSI",
    "drought",
    "WorldClim",
    "ERA5",
    "NetCDF4",
    "THREDDS",
    "OPeNDAP",
    "NCSS",
    "WMS",
    "WCS",
    "Google Earth Engine"
  ],
  "creator": [
    {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "John T. Abatzoglou",
      "affiliation": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "University of Idaho",
        "url": "https://www.uidaho.edu/"
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "S. Z. Dobrowski"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "S. A. Parks"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "K. C. Hegewisch"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": [
    {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "name": "Climatology Lab",
      "url": "https://www.climatologylab.org/",
      "parentOrganization": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "University of Idaho",
        "url": "https://www.uidaho.edu/"
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "name": "Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN)",
      "url": "https://www.northwestknowledge.net/",
      "description": "Primary THREDDS hosting and web services for TerraClimate NetCDF distributions."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "@type": "CreativeWork",
    "name": "CC0 1.0 Universal (Public Domain Dedication)",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"
  },
  "encodingFormat": [
    "application/x-netcdf",
    "text/html"
  ],
  "variableMeasured": [
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Maximum temperature",
      "unitText": "C",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Minimum temperature",
      "unitText": "C",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Vapor pressure",
      "unitText": "kPa",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Precipitation accumulation",
      "unitText": "mm",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Downward surface shortwave radiation",
      "unitText": "W/m2",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Wind speed",
      "unitText": "m/s",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Reference evapotranspiration (ASCE Penman–Monteith)",
      "unitText": "mm",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Runoff",
      "unitText": "mm",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Actual evapotranspiration",
      "unitText": "mm",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Climate water deficit",
      "unitText": "mm",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Soil moisture (total column, end of month)",
      "unitText": "mm",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Snow water equivalent (end of month)",
      "unitText": "mm",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)",
      "unitText": "unitless",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    },
    {
      "@type": "PropertyValue",
      "name": "Vapor pressure deficit (VPD)",
      "unitText": "kPa",
      "temporalCoverage": [
        "1950-01-01/..",
        "1950-01-01/2025-12-31"
      ],
      "spatialCoverage": {
        "@type": "Place",
        "name": "Global terrestrial land surfaces",
        "geo": {
          "@type": "GeoShape",
          "box": "-180,-90 180,90"
        }
      },
      "temporalResolution": "P1M",
      "spatialResolution": "1/24 degree (~4 km)"
    }
  ],
  "measurementTechnique": [
    "Climatically aided interpolation using high-resolution climatological normals (WorldClim) combined with monthly anomalies from ERA5 reanalysis",
    "Modified Thornthwaite–Mather climatic water-balance model for derived water-balance variables"
  ],
  "distribution": [
    {
      "@type": "DataDownload",
      "name": "TerraClimate THREDDS catalog (all data, summaries, climatologies, and +2°C/+4°C scenarios)",
      "description": "Browsable THREDDS catalog containing annual/monthly NetCDF files and aggregated products, including summaries, climatologies, and climate futures (+2°C and +4°C).",
      "encodingFormat": [
        "text/html"
      ],
      "contentUrl": "https://tds-proxy.nkn.uidaho.edu/thredds/catalog/TERRACLIMATE_ALL/catalog.html"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DataDownload",
      "name": "TerraClimate THREDDS aggregated catalog (monthly aggregations by variable)",
      "description": "THREDDS aggregated catalogs providing service endpoints (OPeNDAP/NetCDF Subset/NCSS/WMS/WCS) for monthly aggregations by variable.",
      "encodingFormat": [
        "text/html"
      ],
      "contentUrl": "https://tds-proxy.nkn.uidaho.edu/thredds/terraclimate_aggregated.html"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DataDownload",
      "name": "Example OP(e)NDAP access endpoint (aggregated monthly variable file)",
      "description": "Example OPeNDAP endpoint for an aggregated monthly variable NetCDF. Replace the variable/file identifier as needed for other variables and products available in the THREDDS aggregated catalog.",
      "encodingFormat": [
        "application/x-netcdf"
      ],
      "contentUrl": "https://tds-proxy.nkn.uidaho.edu/thredds/dodsC/agg_terraclimate_tmax_1950_CurrentYear_GLOBE.nc"
    },
    {
      "@type": "DataDownload",
      "name": "Google Earth Engine ImageCollection: IDAHO_EPSCOR/TERRACLIMATE",
      "description": "TerraClimate is also available as a Google Earth Engine ImageCollection for cloud-based analysis and visualization.",
      "encodingFormat": [
        "text/html"
      ],
      "contentUrl": "https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/IDAHO_EPSCOR_TERRACLIMATE"
    }
  ],
  "citation": [
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "name": "TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958–2015",
      "author": [
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "J. T. Abatzoglou"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "S. Z. Dobrowski"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "S. A. Parks"
        },
        {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "K. C. Hegewisch"
        }
      ],
      "isPartOf": {
        "@type": "Periodical",
        "name": "Scientific Data"
      },
      "datePublished": "2018",
      "identifier": [
        {
          "@type": "PropertyValue",
          "propertyID": "doi",
          "value": "10.1038/sdata.2017.191"
        }
      ],
      "sameAs": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.191"
    }
  ],
  "about": [
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Climate"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Climatology"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Hydrology"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Drought"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Evapotranspiration"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Water balance"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Thing",
      "name": "Ecological and hydrological studies"
    }
  ]
}