None
Echinoderm Anatomy and Development Ontology
definition
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition
definition
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
IAO:0000116
uberon
editor_note
true
editor_note
editor note
editor note
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL
is a defining property chain axiom
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.
is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string
An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
2024-03-18
database_cross_reference
has cross-reference
An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20
has exact synonym
has_exact_synonym
https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso
spatial
uberon
seeAlso
true
seeAlso
see also
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
BFO:0000050
spatial
uberon
part_of
part_of
part of
part of
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
BFO:0000051
spatial
uberon
has_part
has_part
has part
has part
preceded by
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
is preceded by
preceded_by
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by
BFO:0000062
uberon
preceded_by
preceded_by
preceded by
preceded by
precedes
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
BFO:0000063
uberon
precedes
precedes
precedes
precedes
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
occurs in
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Occurs_in
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
BFO:0000067
uberon
contains_process
contains_process
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
contains process
x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
BSPO:0000096
rostral_to
spatial
uberon
anterior_to
anterior_to
anterior to
x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
BSPO:cjm
x distal to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal).
BSPO:0000097
spatial
uberon
distal_to
distal_to
distal to
x distal to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal).
BSPO:cjm
x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
BSPO:0000098
spatial
uberon
dorsal_to
dorsal_to
dorsal to
x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
BSPO:cjm
x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
BSPO:0000099
caudal to
spatial
uberon
posterior_to
posterior_to
posterior to
x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
BSPO:cjm
caudal to
x proximal to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y.
BSPO:0000100
NCIT:C25236
spatial
uberon
proximal_to
proximal_to
The elbow is proximal to the hand, but distal to the shoulder.
proximal to
x proximal to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y.
BSPO:cjm
x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
BSPO:0000102
spatial
uberon
ventral_to
ventral_to
ventral to
x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
BSPO:cjm
Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines.
BSPO:0000107
spatial
uberon
deep_to
deep_to
deep to
Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines.
BSPO:cjm
Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer.
BSPO:0000108
spatial
uberon
superficial_to
superficial_to
superficial to
Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer.
BSPO:cjm
X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion.
BSPO:0000120
NCIT:C25229
spatial
uberon
in_left_side_of
in_left_side_of
in left side of
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion.
BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009
X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion.
BSPO:0000121
NCIT:C25228
spatial
uberon
in_right_side_of
in_right_side_of
in right side of
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion.
BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009
X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion.
BSPO:0000122
spatial
uberon
in_posterior_side_of
in_posterior_side_of
in posterior side of
X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion.
BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009
X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion.
BSPO:0000123
spatial
uberon
in_anterior_side_of
in_anterior_side_of
in anterior side of
X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion.
BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009
x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion.
BSPO:0000124
spatial
uberon
in_proximal_side_of
in_proximal_side_of
in proximal side of
x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion.
BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009
x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion.
BSPO:0000125
spatial
uberon
in_distal_side_of
in_distal_side_of
in distal side of
x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion.
BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009
X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure
BSPO:0000126
spatial
uberon
in_lateral_side_of
in_lateral_side_of
in lateral side of
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern
X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure
UBERON:cjm
X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y
BSPO:0001106
spatial
uberon
proximalmost_part_of
proximalmost_part_of
proximalmost part of
X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y.
BSPO:0001107
spatial
uberon
immediately_deep_to
immediately_deep_to
immediately deep to
x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y.
BSPO:curators
X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y
BSPO:0001108
spatial
uberon
distalmost_part_of
distalmost_part_of
distalmost part of
X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
X intersects median plane of iff X crosses the midine plane of Y.
BSPO:0005001
spatial
uberon
intersects_midsagittal_plane_of
intersects_midsagittal_plane_of
intersects midsagittal plane of
x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y.
BSPO:0015014
spatial
uberon
immediately_superficial_to
immediately_superficial_to
immediately superficial to
x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y.
BSPO:curators
X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion.
BSPO:0015101
spatial
uberon
in_dorsal_side_of
in_dorsal_side_of
in dorsal side of
X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion.
BSPO:cjm
lacks_part
lacks_plasma_membrane_part
GOREL:0002003
external
results_in_distribution_of
results_in_distribution_of
results in distribution of
results_in_distribution_of
GOREL:0002004
external
results_in_fission_of
results_in_fission_of
results in fission of
results_in_fission_of
inheres in
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
inheres_in
Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
characteristic of
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
Inverse of characteristic_of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
has characteristic
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
RO:0000056
uberon
participates_in
participates_in
participates in
participates in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant
has participant
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function_of
is function of
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
is role of
role_of
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
role of
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has_function
has function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
RO:0000086
uberon
has_quality
has_quality
has quality
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
inverse of has disposition
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
disposition of
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
RO:0001015
uberon
location_of
location_of
location of
location of
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
RO:0001025
uberon
located_in
located_in
located in
located in
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Located_in
This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation.
This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation.
the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
2D boundary of
my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
RO:0002002
uberon
has_boundary
has_boundary
has 2D boundary
has 2D boundary
RO:0002005
uberon
innervated_by
innervated_by
innervated_by
innervated_by
X outer_layer_of Y iff:
. X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar
. X part_of Y
. exists Z :surface
. X has_boundary Z
. Z boundary_of Y
has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002
boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000
RO:0002007
uberon
bounding_layer_of
bounding_layer_of
A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane.
bounding layer of
bounding layer of
A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.
2017-05-24T09:30:46Z
has regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
2017-05-24T09:31:01Z
By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'.
has negative regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
2017-05-24T09:31:17Z
By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'.
has positive regulatory component activity
2017-05-24T09:44:33Z
A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B.
has component activity
w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
2017-05-24T09:49:21Z
has component process
A relationship between a process and a barrier, where the process occurs in a region spanning the barrier. For cellular processes the barrier is typically a membrane. Examples include transport across a membrane and membrane depolarization.
2017-07-20T17:19:37Z
occurs across
2017-09-17T13:52:24Z
Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
directly regulated by
Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
2017-09-17T13:52:38Z
directly negatively regulated by
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
2017-09-17T13:52:47Z
directly positively regulated by
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
2017-09-22T14:14:36Z
This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations.
has effector activity
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
Primitive instance level timing relation between events
before or simultaneous with
x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.
RO:0002082
uberon
simultaneous_with
simultaneous_with
t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2)
simultaneous with
simultaneous with
David Osumi-Sutherland
X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)
ends after
David Osumi-Sutherland
starts_at_end_of
RO:0002087
uberon
immediately_preceded_by
immediately_preceded_by
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately preceded by
immediately preceded by
David Osumi-Sutherland
ends_at_start_of
meets
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
Relation between a neuron and a material anatomical entity that its soma is part of.
has soma location
Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it.
RO:0002103
uberon
synapsed_by
synapsed_by
synapsed by
synapsed by
Every B cell[CL_0000236] has plasma membrane part some immunoglobulin complex[GO_0019814]
Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part.
has plasma membrane part
Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to.
N1 synapsed_to some N2
Expands to:
N1 SubclassOf (
has_part some (
‘pre-synaptic membrane ; GO:0042734’ that part_of some (
‘synapse ; GO:0045202’ that has_part some (
‘post-synaptic membrane ; GO:0045211’ that part_of some N2))))
synapsed to
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
x overlaps y iff they have some part in common.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
RO:0002131
spatial
uberon
overlaps
overlaps
"(forall (x y) (iff (overlaps x y) (exists (z) (and (part of z x) (part of z y)))))" CLIF []
overlaps
overlaps
true
x overlaps y iff they have some part in common.
BSPO:cjm
Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input.
T innervates some R
Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R.
RO:0002134
uberon
innervates
innervates
innervates
innervates
X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint)
RO:0002150
uberon
continuous_with
continuous_with
continuous with
continuous with
FMA:85972
lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia'
x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z.
The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g.
'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria
only in taxon
x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed.
RO:0002162
life cycle stage of
uberon
in_taxon
in_taxon
Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin.
in taxon
A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common
There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom.
Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy
spatially disjoint from
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern
a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones).
a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b
RO:0002170
uberon
connected_to
connected_to
connected to
connected to
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern
The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh
a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones).
c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system.
RO:0002176
uberon
connects
connects
connects
connects
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern
a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b.
RO:0002177
uberon
attaches_to_part_of
attaches_to_part_of
attached to part of
attached to part of
Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy.
Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between an artery and an anatomical structure
RO:0002178
uberon
supplies
supplies
supplies
supplies
Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure.
Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure
RO:0002179
uberon
drains
drains
drains
drains
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity.
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit.
RO:0002180
uberon
has_component
has_component
has component
has component
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
RO:0002202
uberon
develops_from
develops_from
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
develops from
develops from
inverse of develops from
RO:0002203
uberon
develops_into
develops_into
develops into
develops into
Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y.
RO:0002207
has developmental precursor
uberon
directly_develops_from
directly_develops_from
TODO - add child relations from DOS
directly develops from
directly develops from
inverse of directly develops from
directly develops into
p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q.
GO
Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process.
regulates (processual)
false
regulates
regulates (processual)
p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
negatively regulates (process to process)
negatively regulates
p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
positively regulates (process to process)
positively regulates
mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
has function realized in
For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".
RO:0002215
uberon
capable_of
capable_of
capable of
capable of
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
has function in
RO:0002216
uberon
capable_of_part_of
capable_of_part_of
capable of part of
capable of part of
true
x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x
RO:0002219
uberon
surrounded_by
surrounded_by
surrounded by
surrounded by
A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.
The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis.
The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies.
The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used.
x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary.
This relation acts as a join point with BSPO
RO:0002220
spatial
uberon
adjacent_to
adjacent_to
adjacent to
adjacent to
A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.
inverse of surrounded by
RO:0002221
uberon
surrounds
surrounds
surrounds
surrounds
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporally related to
inverse of starts with
RO:0002223
uberon
starts
starts
starts
starts
Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
RO:0002224
uberon
starts_with
starts_with
starts with
starts with
x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y
RO:0002225
uberon
develops_from_part_of
develops_from_part_of
develops from part of
develops from part of
x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing
RO:0002226
uberon
develops_in
develops_in
develops in
develops in
inverse of ends with
RO:0002229
uberon
ends
ends
ends
ends
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
RO:0002230
uberon
ends_with
ends_with
ends with
ends with
x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y
has start location
x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y
has end location
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
consumes
has input
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
has output
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output
In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is connecting branch of S, and B1-1 as a connecting branch of B1.
b connecting-branch-of s iff b is connected to s, and there exists some tree-like structure t such that the mereological sum of b plus s is either the same as t or a branching-part-of t.
RO:0002252
uberon
connecting_branch_of
connecting_branch_of
connecting branch of
inverse of connecting branch of
has connecting branch
Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong]
x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y
RO:0002254
uberon
has_developmental_contribution_from
has_developmental_contribution_from
has developmental contribution from
has developmental contribution from
inverse of has developmental contribution from
developmentally contributes to
t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor material anatomical entity type T to T', where T' develops_from T
We place this under 'developmentally preceded by'. This placement should be examined in the context of reciprocal inductions[cjm]
RO:0002256
uberon
developmentally_induced_by
developmentally_induced_by
developmentally induced by
developmentally induced by
Inverse of developmentally induced by
developmentally induces
Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p
false
In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one
This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from
developmentally preceded by
A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision.
c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.
acts upstream of
A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway.
c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
affects
acts upstream of or within
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within
x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else
This relation is intended for cases such as when we have a bone element replacing its cartilage element precursor. Currently most AOs represent this using 'develops from'. We need to decide whether 'develops from' will be generic and encompass replacement, or whether we need a new name for a generic relation that encompasses replacement and development-via-cell-lineage
RO:0002285
uberon
developmentally_replaces
developmentally_replaces
developmentally replaces
developmentally replaces
Inverse of developmentally preceded by
developmentally succeeded by
'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue
part of developmental precursor of
p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss).
This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint.
results in developmental progression of
every flower development (GO:0009908) results in development of some flower (PO:0009046)
p 'results in development of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in the state of c changing from its initial state as a primordium or anlage through its mature state and to its final state.
results in development of
an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists.
every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062)
results in formation of anatomical entity
an annotation of gene X to cell morphogenesis with results_in_morphogenesis_of CL:0000540 (neuron) means that at the end of the process an input neuron has attained its shape.
tongue morphogenesis (GO:0043587) results in morphogenesis of tongue (UBERON:0001723)
The relationship that links an entity with the process that results in the formation and shaping of that entity over time from an immature to a mature state.
results in morphogenesis of
an annotation of gene X to cell maturation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that the fibroblast is mature at the end of the process
bone maturation (GO:0070977) results_in_maturation_of bone (UBERON:0001474)
The relationship that links an entity with a process that results in the progression of the entity over time that is independent of changes in it's shape and results in an end point state of that entity.
results in maturation of
p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q.
holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y
causally upstream of, positive effect
p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q.
causally upstream of, negative effect
q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of
inheres in part of
characteristic of part of
true
an annotation of gene X to cell differentiation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that at the end of the process the input cell that did not have features of a fibroblast, now has the features of a fibroblast.
The relationship that links a specified entity with the process that results in an unspecified entity acquiring the features and characteristics of the specified entity
results in acquisition of features of
A relationship that holds via some environmental process
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution.
evolutionarily related to
A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297)
Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions
ecologically related to
An experimental relation currently used to connect a feature possessed by an organism (e.g. anatomical structure, biological process, phenotype or quality) to a habitat or environment in which that feature is well suited, adapted or provides a reproductive advantage for the organism. For example, fins to an aquatic environment. Usually this will mean that the structure is adapted for this environment, but we avoid saying this directly - primitive forms of the structure may not have evolved specifically for that environment (for example, early wings were not necessarily adapted for an aerial environment). Note also that this is a statement about the general class of structures - not every instance of a limb need confer an advantage for a terrestrial environment, e.g. if the limb is vestigial.
RO:0002322
uberon
confers_advantage_in
confers_advantage_in
confers advantage in
confers advantage in
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships
mereotopologically related to
A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development
developmentally related to
a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity
c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p.
catalyzes
executes
has
is catalyzing
is executing
This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized.
enables
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables
A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function
RO:0002328
uberon
functionally_related_to
functionally_related_to
functionally related to
functionally related to
this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
false
part of structure that is capable of
true
c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
actively involved in
enables part of
involved in
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in
every cellular sphingolipid homeostasis process regulates_level_of some sphingolipid
p regulates levels of c if p regulates some amount (PATO:0000070) of c
regulates levels of
inverse of enables
enabled by
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by
inverse of regulates
regulated by (processual)
regulated by
inverse of negatively regulates
negatively regulated by
inverse of positively regulates
positively regulated by
A relationship that holds via some process of localization
Do not use this relation directly. It is a grouping relation.
related via localization to
This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination.
has target start location
This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l.
has target end location
Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l
results in transport along
Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m.
results in transport across
'pollen tube growth' results_in growth_of some 'pollen tube'
results in growth of
'mitochondrial transport' results_in_transport_to_from_or_in some mitochondrion (GO:0005739)
results in transport to from or in
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
RO:0002351
uberon
has_member
has_member
has member
has member
inverse of has input
RO:0002352
uberon
input_of
input_of
input of
input of
inverse of has output
RO:0002353
uberon
output_of
output_of
output of
output of
formed as result of
a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a
RO:0002371
uberon
attaches_to
attaches_to
attached to
attached to
m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to.
RO:0002372
uberon
has_muscle_origin
has_muscle_origin
has muscle origin
has muscle origin
We need to import uberon muscle to create a stricter domain constraint
m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone.
RO:0002373
uberon
has_muscle_insertion
has_muscle_insertion
has muscle insertion
has muscle insertion
We need to import uberon muscle into RO to use as a stricter domain constraint
A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network.
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships
This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves)
in branching relationship with
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170
Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River
inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein
x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein.
This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries)
RO:0002376
uberon
tributary_of
tributary_of
tributary of
tributary of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary
A lump of clay and a statue
x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location
This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios
spatially coextensive with
In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is a (direct) branching part of T. B1-1, B1-2, and B1-3 are also branching parts of T, but these are considered indirect branching parts as they do not directly connect to the main stem S
x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y
RO:0002380
uberon
branching_part_of
branching_part_of
branching part of
branching part of
FMA:85994
x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).
has developmental potential involving
x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y
RO:0002385
uberon
has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to
has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to
has potential to developmentally contribute to
has potential to developmentally contribute to
x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y
has potential to developmentally induce
x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
RO:0002387
uberon
has_potential_to_develop_into
has_potential_to_develop_into
This relation has a stronger meaning than merely indicating that X may develop into Y, in that the capability of developing into Y is always present, even if X does not always actually develop into Y. In particular, this means that if Y is restricted to a given taxon T, X is necessarily likewise restricted.
has potential to develop into
has potential to develop into
x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y
has potential to directly develop into
inverse of upstream of
causally downstream of
immediately causally downstream of
p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q.
indirectly activates
indirectly positively regulates
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_positively_regulates
p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q.
indirectly inhibits
indirectly negatively regulates
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_negatively_regulates
relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents.
To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives:
* Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate?
* Is the causal relation regulatory?
* Is the influence positive or negative?
The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified.
For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule.
For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral.
Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causally related to
relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality
p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q.
causally upstream of
p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q.
immediately causally upstream of
p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q.
We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
influences (processual)
affects
causally upstream of or within
inverse of causally upstream of or within
causally downstream of or within
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
involved in regulation of
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
involved in positive regulation of
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
involved in negative regulation of
c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union
involved in or reguates
involved in or involved in regulation of
p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm.
RO:0002433
uberon
contributes_to_morphology_of
contributes_to_morphology_of
contributes to morphology of
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with'
This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
in pairwise interaction with
interacts with
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914
An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
binds
molecularly binds with
molecularly interacts with
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915
Axiomatization to GO to be added later
An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y.
phosphorylates
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B.
A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B.
molecularly controls
directly regulates activity of
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B.
For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
directly inhibits
molecularly decreases activity of
directly negatively regulates activity of
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B.
For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
directly activates
molecularly increases activity of
directly positively regulates activity of
This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning.
helper property (not for use in curation)
'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate'
x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.
RO:0002473
uberon
composed_primarily_of
composed_primarily_of
composed primarily of
p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
has part that occurs in
is kinase activity
See notes for inverse relation
receives input from
This is an exploratory relation. The label is taken from the FMA. It needs aligned with the neuron-specific relations such as has postsynaptic terminal in.
sends output to
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage.
relation between physical entity and a process or stage
x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y).
RO:0002488
uberon
existence_starts_during
existence_starts_during
existence starts during
x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y).
RO:0002489
uberon
existence_starts_with
existence_starts_with
existence starts with
x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y))
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence overlaps
x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)
RO:0002491
exists during
uberon
existence_starts_and_ends_during
existence_starts_and_ends_during
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence starts and ends during
x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y).
RO:0002492
uberon
existence_ends_during
existence_ends_during
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence ends during
x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y).
RO:0002493
uberon
existence_ends_with
existence_ends_with
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence ends with
x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships
RO:0002494
uberon
transformation_of
transformation_of
transformation of
x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t
RO:0002495
uberon
immediate_transformation_of
immediate_transformation_of
immediate transformation of
x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y).
RO:0002496
uberon
existence_starts_during_or_after
existence_starts_during_or_after
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence starts during or after
x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends.
RO:0002497
uberon
existence_ends_during_or_before
existence_ends_during_or_before
The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription.
existence ends during or before
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
causal agent in process
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causal relation between processes
depends on
The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causal relation between entities
Forelimb SubClassOf has_skeleton some 'Forelimb skeleton'
A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision.
The skeleton of a structure may be a true skeleton (for example, the bony skeleton of a hand) or any kind of support framework (the hydrostatic skeleton of a sea star, the exoskeleton of an insect, the cytoskeleton of a cell).
RO:0002551
uberon
has_skeleton
has_skeleton
has skeleton
This should be to a more restricted class, but not the Uberon class may be too restricted since it is a composition-based definition of skeleton rather than functional.
causally influenced by (entity-centric)
causally influenced by
interaction relation helper property
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/
molecular interaction relation helper property
The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size).
causally influences (entity-centric)
causally influences
A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs.
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes.
biomechanically related to
m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position.
RO:0002568
uberon
has_muscle_antagonist
has_muscle_antagonist
has muscle antagonist
inverse of branching part of
RO:0002569
uberon
has_branching_part
has_branching_part
has branching part
x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x.
This relation holds between a thing with a 'conduit' (e.g. a bone foramen) and a 'conduee' (for example, a nerve) such that at the time the relationship holds, the conduee has two ends sticking out either end of the conduit. It should therefore note be used for objects that move through the conduit but whose spatial extent does not span the passage. For example, it would not be used for a mountain that contains a long tunnel through which trains pass. Nor would we use it for a digestive tract and objects such as food that pass through.
RO:0002570
uberon
conduit_for
conduit_for
conduit for
x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull.
RO:0002571
uberon
lumen_of
lumen_of
lumen of
s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity
RO:0002572
uberon
luminal_space_of
luminal_space_of
luminal space of
inverse of has skeleton
RO:0002576
uberon
skeleton_of
skeleton_of
skeleton of
p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
directly regulates (processual)
directly regulates
gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
has part structure that is capable of
p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p
results in breakdown of
results in assembly of
results in disassembly of
p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c
results in organization of
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causal relation between material entity and a process
pyrethroid -> growth
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
capable of regulating
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
capable of negatively regulating
renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
capable of positively regulating
Inverse of 'causal agent in process'
process has causal agent
p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q.
directly positively regulates (process to process)
directly positively regulates
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_positively_regulates
p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q.
directly negatively regulates (process to process)
directly negatively regulates
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_negatively_regulates
a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
RO:0003000
uberon
produces
produces
Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue.
produces
produces
a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
RO:0003001
uberon
produced_by
produced_by
produced by
produced by
p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c.
2018-12-13T11:26:17Z
has primary input or output
p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c.
2018-12-13T11:26:32Z
has primary output
p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c.
GOC:dph
GOC:kva
GOC:pt
PMID:27812932
p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c.
2018-12-13T11:26:56Z
has primary input
p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c.
GOC:dph
GOC:kva
GOC:pt
PMID:27812932
Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.
2018-01-25T23:20:13Z
enables subfunction
2018-01-26T23:49:30Z
acts upstream of or within, positive effect
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect
2018-01-26T23:49:51Z
acts upstream of or within, negative effect
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect
c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive
2018-01-26T23:53:14Z
acts upstream of, positive effect
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect
c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative
2018-01-26T23:53:22Z
acts upstream of, negative effect
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect
2018-03-13T23:55:05Z
causally upstream of or within, negative effect
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect
2018-03-13T23:55:19Z
causally upstream of or within, positive effect
The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B.
regulates activity of
p acts on population of c iff c' is a collection, has members of type c, and p has participant c
2020-06-08T17:21:33Z
acts on population of
2021-02-26T07:28:29Z
results in fusion of
p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q.
2022-09-26T06:07:17Z
indirectly causally upstream of
p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
2022-09-26T06:08:01Z
indirectly regulates
'Lamp5-like Egln3_1 primary motor cortex GABAergic interneuron (Mus musculus)' subClass_of: has_characterizing_marker_set some 'NS forest marker set of Lamp5-like Egln3_1 MOp (Mouse).'; NS forest marker set of Lamp5-like Egln3_1 SubClass_of: ('has part' some 'Mouse Fbn2') and ('has part' some 'Mouse Chrna7') and ('has part' some 'Mouse Fam19a1').
transcriptomically defined cell type X subClass_of: (has_characterizing_marker_set some S1); S1 has_part some gene 1, S1 has_part some gene 2, S1 has_part some gene 3.
A relation that applies between a cell type and a set of markers that can be used to uniquely identify that cell type.
C has_characterizing_marker_set y iff: C is a cell type and y is a collection of genes or proteins whose expression is sufficient to distinguish cell type C from most or all other cell types.
This relation is not meant for cases where set of genes/proteins are only useful as markers in some specific context - e.g. in some specific location. In these cases it is recommended to make a more specific cell class restricted to the relevant context.
has marker gene combination
has marker signature set
has characterizing marker set
s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2.
Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round.
has cross section
s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen.
X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y.
A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input.
See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497
2021-11-08T12:00:00Z
utilizes
device utilizes material
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C.
regulates characteristic
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C.
positively regulates characteristic
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C.
negatively regulates characteristic
brachial artery vessel supplies blood to brachialis muscle
x vessel supplies blood to y if and only if x is a vessel that supplies blood directly or indirectly to an anatomical structure y.
2024-02-01T10:09:22Z
RO:0020101
uberon
vessel_supplies_blood_to
vessel_supplies_blood_to
vessel supplies blood to
cystic vein vessel drains blood from gallbladder
x vessel drains blood from y if and only if x is a vessel that drains blood directly or indirectly from an anatomical structure y.
2024-02-01T10:09:41Z
RO:0020102
uberon
vessel_drains_blood_from
vessel_drains_blood_from
vessel drains blood from
This property only applies to anatomical entities.
2024-10-29T09:55:07Z
is anatomical entity
p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity
2018-09-26T01:08:58Z
results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure
x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y.
uberon
anteriorly_connected_to
anteriorly connected to
x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
carries
uberon
channel_for
channel for
uberon
channels_from
channels_from
uberon
channels_into
channels_into
x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y.
uberon
distally_connected_to
distally connected to
x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y
uberon
extends_fibers_into
extends_fibers_into
X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
Relationship between a fluid and a material entity, where the fluid is the output of a realization of a filtration role that inheres in the material entity.
uberon
filtered_through
Relationship between a fluid and a filtration barrier, where the portion of fluid arises as a transformation of another portion of fluid on the other side of the barrier, with larger particles removed
filtered through
a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s.
add to RO
uberon
indirectly_supplies
indirectly_supplies
uberon
layer_part_of
layer part of
x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y.
uberon
posteriorly_connected_to
posteriorly connected to
x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
uberon
protects
protects
x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y.
uberon
proximally_connected_to
proximally connected to
x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
c site_of p if c is the bearer of a disposition that is realized by a process that has p as part.
uberon
capable_of_has_part
site_of
site_of
uberon
subdivision_of
placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B
subdivision of
uberon
transitively_anteriorly_connected_to
transitively anteriorly connected to
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
uberon
transitively_distally_connected_to
transitively distally connected to
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
uberon
transitively_proximally_connected_to
transitively proximally connected to
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
entity
Entity
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
per discussion with Barry Smith
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
continuant
Continuant
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
processual entity (BFO)
occurrent
ic
IndependentContinuant
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
anatomical entity (BFO)
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
spatial region
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
process
disposition
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable entity
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
quality
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the role of being a doctor
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
specifically dependent continuant
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
role
function
material
MaterialEntity
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
material entity
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
spatial
CARO:0000000
anatomical entity
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
CARO:MAH
Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV.
KEGG:C05359
PMID:21614077
Wikipedia:Electron
electron
chebi_ontology
Elektron
beta
beta(-)
beta-particle
e
e(-)
e-
negatron
CHEBI:10545
electron
PMID:21614077
Europe PMC
electron
ChEBI
electron
IUPAC
electron
KEGG_COMPOUND
Elektron
ChEBI
beta
IUPAC
beta(-)
ChEBI
beta-particle
IUPAC
e
IUPAC
e(-)
UniProt
e-
KEGG_COMPOUND
negatron
IUPAC
A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.
chebi_ontology
dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
CHEBI:131927
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives
dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
ChEBI
A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
chebi_ontology
hyaluronan
hyaluronate polyanion
CHEBI:132153
hyaluronate
hyaluronan
UniProt
hyaluronate polyanion
ChEBI
Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5.
chebi_ontology
5beta steroids
5beta-steroid
5beta-steroids
CHEBI:136889
5beta steroid
5beta steroids
ChEBI
5beta-steroid
ChEBI
5beta-steroids
ChEBI
A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water.
Wikipedia:Mineral_acid
chebi_ontology
inorganic acids
mineral acid
mineral acids
CHEBI:138103
inorganic acid
inorganic acids
ChEBI
mineral acid
ChEBI
mineral acids
ChEBI
Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as allo-bile acids, have 5alpha-configuration.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:138366
bile acids
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas
chebi_ontology
gas molecular entities
gaseous molecular entities
gaseous molecular entity
CHEBI:138675
gas molecular entity
gas molecular entities
ChEBI
gaseous molecular entities
ChEBI
gaseous molecular entity
ChEBI
Beilstein:3903503
CAS:302-11-4
Gmelin:239604
carbamate
chebi_ontology
Carbamat
Karbamat
carbamate ion
carbamic acid, ion(1-)
CHEBI:13941
carbamate
Beilstein:3903503
Beilstein
CAS:302-11-4
ChemIDplus
Gmelin:239604
Gmelin
carbamate
IUPAC
carbamate
UniProt
Carbamat
ChEBI
Karbamat
ChEBI
carbamate ion
ChemIDplus
carbamic acid, ion(1-)
ChemIDplus
An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXalpha, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:142163
24G7 epitope
A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity.
CHEBI:13699
CHEBI:2377
KEGG:C00028
KEGG:C16722
Acceptor
chebi_ontology
A
Akzeptor
Hydrogen-acceptor
Oxidized donor
accepteur
CHEBI:15339
acceptor
Acceptor
KEGG_COMPOUND
A
KEGG_COMPOUND
Akzeptor
ChEBI
Hydrogen-acceptor
KEGG_COMPOUND
Oxidized donor
KEGG_COMPOUND
accepteur
ChEBI
Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter.
CHEBI:12686
CHEBI:13715
CHEBI:22197
CHEBI:2416
CHEBI:40559
Beilstein:1764436
CAS:51-84-3
DrugBank:DB03128
Drug_Central:65
Gmelin:326108
KEGG:C01996
LINCS:LSM-5888
PDBeChem:ACH
PMID:14764638
PMID:15014918
PMID:15231705
PMID:15361288
PMID:18050502
PMID:18407448
PMID:19255787
PMID:20963497
PMID:21130809
PMID:21246223
PMID:21545631
PMID:21601579
Wikipedia:Acetylcholine
2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium
ACETYLCHOLINE
Acetylcholine
acetylcholine
chebi_ontology
ACh
Azetylcholin
O-Acetylcholine
choline acetate
CHEBI:15355
acetylcholine
Beilstein:1764436
ChemIDplus
CAS:51-84-3
ChemIDplus
CAS:51-84-3
KEGG COMPOUND
Drug_Central:65
DrugCentral
Gmelin:326108
Gmelin
PMID:14764638
Europe PMC
PMID:15014918
Europe PMC
PMID:15231705
Europe PMC
PMID:15361288
Europe PMC
PMID:18050502
Europe PMC
PMID:18407448
Europe PMC
PMID:19255787
Europe PMC
PMID:20963497
Europe PMC
PMID:21130809
Europe PMC
PMID:21246223
Europe PMC
PMID:21545631
Europe PMC
PMID:21601579
Europe PMC
2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium
IUPAC
ACETYLCHOLINE
PDBeChem
Acetylcholine
KEGG_COMPOUND
acetylcholine
UniProt
ACh
ChemIDplus
Azetylcholin
ChEBI
O-Acetylcholine
KEGG_COMPOUND
choline acetate
ChemIDplus
A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
CHEBI:22169
CHEBI:2387
CHEBI:40486
CAS:64-19-7
Drug_Central:4211
Gmelin:1380
HMDB:HMDB0000042
KEGG:C00033
KEGG:D00010
KNApSAcK:C00001176
LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002
MetaCyc:ACET
PDBeChem:ACT
PDBeChem:ACY
PMID:12005138
PMID:15107950
PMID:16630552
PMID:16774200
PMID:17190852
PMID:19416101
PMID:19469536
PMID:22153255
PMID:22173419
PPDB:1333
Reaxys:506007
Wikipedia:Acetic_acid
ACETIC ACID
Acetic acid
acetic acid
chebi_ontology
AcOH
CH3-COOH
CH3CO2H
E 260
E-260
E260
Essigsaeure
Ethanoic acid
Ethylic acid
HOAc
INS No. 260
MeCO2H
MeCOOH
Methanecarboxylic acid
acide acetique
ethoic acid
CHEBI:15366
acetic acid
CAS:64-19-7
ChemIDplus
CAS:64-19-7
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:64-19-7
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Drug_Central:4211
DrugCentral
Gmelin:1380
Gmelin
LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002
LIPID MAPS
PMID:12005138
Europe PMC
PMID:15107950
Europe PMC
PMID:16630552
Europe PMC
PMID:16774200
Europe PMC
PMID:17190852
Europe PMC
PMID:19416101
Europe PMC
PMID:19469536
Europe PMC
PMID:22153255
Europe PMC
PMID:22173419
Europe PMC
Reaxys:506007
Reaxys
ACETIC ACID
PDBeChem
Acetic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
acetic acid
IUPAC
AcOH
ChEBI
CH3-COOH
IUPAC
CH3CO2H
ChEBI
E 260
ChEBI
E-260
ChEBI
E260
ChEBI
Essigsaeure
ChEBI
Ethanoic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
Ethylic acid
ChemIDplus
HOAc
ChEBI
INS No. 260
ChEBI
MeCO2H
ChEBI
MeCOOH
ChEBI
Methanecarboxylic acid
ChemIDplus
acide acetique
ChemIDplus
ethoic acid
ChEBI
CHEBI:10745
CHEBI:13416
CHEBI:23833
CHEBI:25366
CHEBI:30491
CHEBI:44742
CHEBI:7860
CAS:7782-44-7
Gmelin:485
HMDB:HMDB0001377
KEGG:C00007
KEGG:D00003
MetaCyc:OXYGEN-MOLECULE
MolBase:750
PDBeChem:OXY
PMID:10906528
PMID:16977326
PMID:18210929
PMID:18638417
PMID:19840863
PMID:7710549
PMID:9463773
Wikipedia:Oxygen
dioxygen
chebi_ontology
Disauerstoff
E 948
E-948
E948
O2
OXYGEN MOLECULE
Oxygen
[OO]
dioxygene
molecular oxygen
CHEBI:15379
dioxygen
CAS:7782-44-7
ChemIDplus
CAS:7782-44-7
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:7782-44-7
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:485
Gmelin
PMID:10906528
Europe PMC
PMID:16977326
Europe PMC
PMID:18210929
Europe PMC
PMID:18638417
Europe PMC
PMID:19840863
Europe PMC
PMID:7710549
Europe PMC
PMID:9463773
Europe PMC
dioxygen
IUPAC
Disauerstoff
ChEBI
E 948
ChEBI
E-948
ChEBI
E948
ChEBI
O2
IUPAC
O2
KEGG_COMPOUND
O2
UniProt
OXYGEN MOLECULE
PDBeChem
Oxygen
KEGG_COMPOUND
[OO]
MolBase
dioxygene
ChEBI
molecular oxygen
ChEBI
Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.
CHEBI:13755
CHEBI:22305
CHEBI:2561
KEGG:C01370
Wikipedia:Aldose
Aldose
chebi_ontology
aldoses
an aldose
CHEBI:15693
aldose
Aldose
KEGG_COMPOUND
aldoses
ChEBI
an aldose
UniProt
A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
CHEBI:14860
CHEBI:8314
KEGG:C00403
Polypeptide
polypeptides
chebi_ontology
Polypeptid
polipeptido
CHEBI:15841
polypeptide
Polypeptide
KEGG_COMPOUND
polypeptides
IUPAC
Polypeptid
ChEBI
polipeptido
ChEBI
A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues.
CHEBI:13672
CHEBI:14859
CHEBI:8312
KEGG:C00419
Polynucleotide
chebi_ontology
polynucleotides
CHEBI:15986
polynucleotide
Polynucleotide
KEGG_COMPOUND
polynucleotides
ChEBI
An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
CHEBI:13405
CHEBI:13406
CHEBI:13407
CHEBI:13771
CHEBI:22533
CHEBI:44269
CHEBI:44284
CHEBI:44404
CHEBI:7434
CAS:7664-41-7
Drug_Central:4625
Gmelin:79
HMDB:HMDB0000051
KEGG:C00014
KEGG:D02916
KNApSAcK:C00007267
MetaCyc:AMMONIA
MolBase:930
PDBeChem:NH3
PMID:110589
PMID:11139349
PMID:11540049
PMID:11746427
PMID:11783653
PMID:13753780
PMID:14663195
PMID:15092448
PMID:15094021
PMID:15554424
PMID:15969015
PMID:16008360
PMID:16050680
PMID:16348008
PMID:16349403
PMID:16614889
PMID:16664306
PMID:16842901
PMID:17025297
PMID:17439666
PMID:17569513
PMID:17737668
PMID:18670398
PMID:22002069
PMID:22081570
PMID:22088435
PMID:22100291
PMID:22130175
PMID:22150211
PMID:22240068
PMID:22290316
PMID:22342082
PMID:22385337
PMID:22443779
PMID:22560242
Reaxys:3587154
Wikipedia:Ammonia
AMMONIA
Ammonia
ammonia
azane
chebi_ontology
Ammoniak
NH3
R-717
[NH3]
ammoniac
amoniaco
spirit of hartshorn
CHEBI:16134
ammonia
CAS:7664-41-7
ChemIDplus
CAS:7664-41-7
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:7664-41-7
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Drug_Central:4625
DrugCentral
Gmelin:79
Gmelin
PMID:110589
Europe PMC
PMID:11139349
Europe PMC
PMID:11540049
Europe PMC
PMID:11746427
Europe PMC
PMID:11783653
Europe PMC
PMID:13753780
Europe PMC
PMID:14663195
Europe PMC
PMID:15092448
Europe PMC
PMID:15094021
Europe PMC
PMID:15554424
Europe PMC
PMID:15969015
Europe PMC
PMID:16008360
Europe PMC
PMID:16050680
Europe PMC
PMID:16348008
Europe PMC
PMID:16349403
Europe PMC
PMID:16614889
Europe PMC
PMID:16664306
Europe PMC
PMID:16842901
Europe PMC
PMID:17025297
Europe PMC
PMID:17439666
Europe PMC
PMID:17569513
Europe PMC
PMID:17737668
Europe PMC
PMID:18670398
Europe PMC
PMID:22002069
Europe PMC
PMID:22081570
Europe PMC
PMID:22088435
Europe PMC
PMID:22100291
Europe PMC
PMID:22130175
Europe PMC
PMID:22150211
Europe PMC
PMID:22240068
Europe PMC
PMID:22290316
Europe PMC
PMID:22342082
Europe PMC
PMID:22385337
Europe PMC
PMID:22443779
Europe PMC
PMID:22560242
Europe PMC
Reaxys:3587154
Reaxys
AMMONIA
PDBeChem
Ammonia
KEGG_COMPOUND
ammonia
IUPAC
azane
IUPAC
Ammoniak
ChemIDplus
NH3
IUPAC
NH3
KEGG_COMPOUND
R-717
ChEBI
[NH3]
MolBase
ammoniac
ChEBI
amoniaco
ChEBI
spirit of hartshorn
ChemIDplus
A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid.
CHEBI:15135
CHEBI:45687
CHEBI:9335
CAS:14808-79-8
Gmelin:2120
HMDB:HMDB0001448
KEGG:C00059
KEGG:D05963
MetaCyc:SULFATE
PDBeChem:SO4
PMID:11200094
PMID:11452993
PMID:11581495
PMID:11798107
PMID:12166931
PMID:12668033
PMID:14597181
PMID:15093386
PMID:15984785
PMID:16186560
PMID:16345535
PMID:16347366
PMID:16348007
PMID:16483812
PMID:16534979
PMID:16656509
PMID:16742508
PMID:16742518
PMID:17120760
PMID:17420092
PMID:17439666
PMID:17709180
PMID:18398178
PMID:18815700
PMID:18846414
PMID:19047345
PMID:19244483
PMID:19544990
PMID:19628332
PMID:19812358
PMID:30398859
Reaxys:3648446
Wikipedia:Sulfate
Sulfate
sulfate
tetraoxidosulfate(2-)
tetraoxosulfate(2-)
tetraoxosulfate(VI)
chebi_ontology
SO4(2-)
SULFATE ION
Sulfate anion(2-)
Sulfate dianion
Sulfate(2-)
Sulfuric acid ion(2-)
[SO4](2-)
sulphate
sulphate ion
CHEBI:16189
sulfate
CAS:14808-79-8
ChemIDplus
CAS:14808-79-8
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:2120
Gmelin
PMID:11200094
Europe PMC
PMID:11452993
Europe PMC
PMID:11581495
Europe PMC
PMID:11798107
Europe PMC
PMID:12166931
Europe PMC
PMID:12668033
Europe PMC
PMID:14597181
Europe PMC
PMID:15093386
Europe PMC
PMID:15984785
Europe PMC
PMID:16186560
Europe PMC
PMID:16345535
Europe PMC
PMID:16347366
Europe PMC
PMID:16348007
Europe PMC
PMID:16483812
Europe PMC
PMID:16534979
Europe PMC
PMID:16656509
Europe PMC
PMID:16742508
Europe PMC
PMID:16742518
Europe PMC
PMID:17120760
Europe PMC
PMID:17420092
Europe PMC
PMID:17439666
Europe PMC
PMID:17709180
Europe PMC
PMID:18398178
Europe PMC
PMID:18815700
Europe PMC
PMID:18846414
Europe PMC
PMID:19047345
Europe PMC
PMID:19244483
Europe PMC
PMID:19544990
Europe PMC
PMID:19628332
Europe PMC
PMID:19812358
Europe PMC
PMID:30398859
Europe PMC
Reaxys:3648446
Reaxys
Sulfate
KEGG_COMPOUND
sulfate
IUPAC
sulfate
UniProt
tetraoxidosulfate(2-)
IUPAC
tetraoxosulfate(2-)
IUPAC
tetraoxosulfate(VI)
IUPAC
SO4(2-)
IUPAC
SULFATE ION
PDBeChem
Sulfate anion(2-)
HMDB
Sulfate dianion
HMDB
Sulfate(2-)
HMDB
Sulfuric acid ion(2-)
HMDB
[SO4](2-)
IUPAC
sulphate
ChEBI
sulphate ion
ChEBI
A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells.
CHEBI:14412
CHEBI:24622
CHEBI:24623
CHEBI:5772
Beilstein:8538277
CAS:9004-61-9
HMDB:HMDB0010366
KEGG:C00518
KEGG:D08043
KEGG:G10505
PMID:11122186
PMID:18056362
PMID:18290544
Reaxys:8187837
Wikipedia:Hyaluronan
Hyaluronic acid
chebi_ontology
Hyaluronsaeure
[beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n
[beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n
acide hyaluronique
acido hialuronico
hyaluronan
CHEBI:16336
hyaluronic acid
Beilstein:8538277
Beilstein
CAS:9004-61-9
ChemIDplus
CAS:9004-61-9
KEGG COMPOUND
PMID:11122186
Europe PMC
PMID:18056362
Europe PMC
PMID:18290544
Europe PMC
Reaxys:8187837
Reaxys
Hyaluronic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
Hyaluronsaeure
ChEBI
[beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n
ChEBI
[beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n
KEGG_COMPOUND
acide hyaluronique
ChEBI
acido hialuronico
ChEBI
hyaluronan
ChEBI
A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome.
CHEBI:8526
KEGG:C00017
chebi_ontology
Protein
a protein
polypeptide chain
protein polypeptide chains
CHEBI:16541
protein polypeptide chain
Protein
KEGG_COMPOUND
a protein
UniProt
polypeptide chain
ChEBI
protein polypeptide chains
ChEBI
Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
CHEBI:15131
CHEBI:23008
CHEBI:9318
Wikipedia:Carbohydrate
carbohydrate
carbohydrates
chebi_ontology
Kohlenhydrat
Kohlenhydrate
a carbohydrate
carbohidrato
carbohidratos
glucide
glucides
glucido
glucidos
hydrates de carbone
saccharide
saccharides
saccharidum
CHEBI:16646
carbohydrate
carbohydrate
IUPAC
carbohydrates
IUPAC
Kohlenhydrat
ChEBI
Kohlenhydrate
ChEBI
a carbohydrate
UniProt
carbohidrato
IUPAC
carbohidratos
IUPAC
glucide
ChEBI
glucides
ChEBI
glucido
ChEBI
glucidos
ChEBI
hydrates de carbone
ChEBI
saccharide
IUPAC
saccharides
IUPAC
saccharidum
ChEBI
Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
CHEBI:14753
CHEBI:25906
CHEBI:7990
KEGG:C00012
Peptide
peptides
chebi_ontology
Peptid
peptido
peptidos
CHEBI:16670
peptide
Peptide
KEGG_COMPOUND
peptides
IUPAC
Peptid
ChEBI
peptido
ChEBI
peptidos
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
noradrenaline
CHEBI:166902
noradrenaline(1+)
noradrenaline
UniProt
Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001.
chebi_ontology
glycans
CHEBI:167559
glycan
glycans
ChEBI
An aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position.
CHEBI:15274
CHEBI:27161
CHEBI:46157
CHEBI:9767
CAS:61-54-1
DrugBank:DB08653
Gmelin:603448
HMDB:HMDB0000303
KEGG:C00398
KNApSAcK:C00001434
MetaCyc:TRYPTAMINE
PDBeChem:TSS
PMID:16126914
PMID:22770225
PMID:24345948
PMID:24558969
Reaxys:125513
Wikipedia:Tryptamine
2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine
Tryptamine
chebi_ontology
1H-indole-3-ethanamine
2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE
2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine
3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole
CHEBI:16765
tryptamine
CAS:61-54-1
ChemIDplus
CAS:61-54-1
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:61-54-1
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:603448
Gmelin
PMID:16126914
Europe PMC
PMID:22770225
Europe PMC
PMID:24345948
Europe PMC
PMID:24558969
Europe PMC
Reaxys:125513
Reaxys
2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine
IUPAC
Tryptamine
KEGG_COMPOUND
1H-indole-3-ethanamine
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE
PDBeChem
2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine
ChemIDplus
3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole
KEGG_COMPOUND
A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin.
CHEBI:13898
CHEBI:22870
CHEBI:3099
CAS:635-65-4
Gmelin:411033
HMDB:HMDB0000054
KEGG:C00486
KNApSAcK:C00029828
MetaCyc:BILIRUBIN
PDBeChem:BLR
PMID:12799017
PMID:18442622
PMID:23763371
PMID:23768684
PMID:30224965
PMID:8605219
PMID:9587403
Reaxys:74376
Wikipedia:Bilirubin
3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
bilirubin
chebi_ontology
1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid
2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione
Bilirubin
bilirubin(Z,Z)
bilirubin-IXalpha
CHEBI:16990
bilirubin IXalpha
CAS:635-65-4
ChemIDplus
CAS:635-65-4
KEGG COMPOUND
Gmelin:411033
Gmelin
PMID:12799017
Europe PMC
PMID:18442622
Europe PMC
PMID:23763371
Europe PMC
PMID:23768684
Europe PMC
PMID:30224965
Europe PMC
PMID:8605219
Europe PMC
PMID:9587403
Europe PMC
Reaxys:74376
Reaxys
3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
IUPAC
bilirubin
IUPAC
1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid
ChemIDplus
2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
ChemIDplus
2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
IUPAC
8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione
JCBN
Bilirubin
KEGG_COMPOUND
bilirubin(Z,Z)
ChEBI
bilirubin-IXalpha
ChEBI
A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).
CHEBI:13427
CHEBI:13646
CHEBI:24974
CHEBI:6127
CHEBI:8742
KEGG:C01450
Wikipedia:Ketone
Ketone
ketones
chebi_ontology
Keton
R-CO-R'
a ketone
cetone
ketones
CHEBI:17087
ketone
Ketone
KEGG_COMPOUND
ketones
IUPAC
Keton
ChEBI
R-CO-R'
KEGG_COMPOUND
a ketone
UniProt
cetone
ChEBI
ketones
ChEBI
A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component.
CHEBI:14349
CHEBI:5481
CHEBI:5493
KEGG:C00326
Glycoprotein
glycoproteins
chebi_ontology
Glykoprotein
Glykoproteine
a glycoprotein
glicoproteina
glicoproteinas
glycoproteine
glycoproteines
CHEBI:17089
glycoprotein
Glycoprotein
KEGG_COMPOUND
glycoproteins
IUPAC
Glykoprotein
ChEBI
Glykoproteine
ChEBI
a glycoprotein
UniProt
glicoproteina
ChEBI
glicoproteinas
ChEBI
glycoproteine
ChEBI
glycoproteines
ChEBI
An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
CHEBI:14313
CHEBI:24277
CHEBI:33929
CHEBI:5418
CAS:50-99-7
KEGG:C00293
Wikipedia:Glucose
Glucose
gluco-hexose
glucose
chebi_ontology
DL-glucose
Glc
Glukose
CHEBI:17234
glucose
CAS:50-99-7
KEGG COMPOUND
Glucose
KEGG_COMPOUND
gluco-hexose
IUPAC
glucose
IUPAC
DL-glucose
ChEBI
Glc
JCBN
Glukose
ChEBI
The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.
CHEBI:13363
CHEBI:22863
CHEBI:40961
CHEBI:5589
Beilstein:3903504
CAS:71-52-3
Gmelin:49249
HMDB:HMDB0000595
KEGG:C00288
MetaCyc:HCO3
PDBeChem:BCT
PMID:17215880
PMID:17505962
PMID:18439416
PMID:28732801
PMID:29150416
PMID:29460248
PMID:29466234
PMID:4208463
Wikipedia:Bicarbonate
Hydrogencarbonate
hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-)
hydrogencarbonate
hydrogencarbonate(1-)
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-)
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV)
hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-)
chebi_ontology
Acid carbonate
BICARBONATE ION
Bicarbonate
HCO3(-)
HCO3-
[CO2(OH)](-)
hydrogen carbonate
CHEBI:17544
hydrogencarbonate
Beilstein:3903504
Beilstein
CAS:71-52-3
ChemIDplus
Gmelin:49249
Gmelin
PMID:17215880
Europe PMC
PMID:17505962
Europe PMC
PMID:18439416
Europe PMC
PMID:28732801
Europe PMC
PMID:29150416
Europe PMC
PMID:29460248
Europe PMC
PMID:29466234
Europe PMC
PMID:4208463
Europe PMC
Hydrogencarbonate
KEGG_COMPOUND
hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogencarbonate
IUPAC
hydrogencarbonate
UniProt
hydrogencarbonate(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV)
IUPAC
hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-)
IUPAC
Acid carbonate
KEGG_COMPOUND
BICARBONATE ION
PDBeChem
Bicarbonate
KEGG_COMPOUND
HCO3(-)
IUPAC
HCO3-
KEGG_COMPOUND
[CO2(OH)](-)
IUPAC
hydrogen carbonate
PDBeChem
Any D-aldose having a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
CHEBI:12990
CHEBI:21038
chebi_ontology
D-aldohexoses
CHEBI:17608
D-aldohexose
D-aldohexoses
ChEBI
A glucose with D-configuration.
CHEBI:12965
CHEBI:20999
CAS:50-99-7
D-gluco-hexose
D-glucose
chebi_ontology
D(+)-glucose
D-(+)-glucose
Traubenzucker
dextrose
grape sugar
CHEBI:17634
D-glucose
CAS:50-99-7
ChemIDplus
CAS:50-99-7
NIST Chemistry WebBook
D-gluco-hexose
IUPAC
D-glucose
IUPAC
D(+)-glucose
ChemIDplus
D-(+)-glucose
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Traubenzucker
ChemIDplus
dextrose
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
grape sugar
ChemIDplus
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
CHEBI:14202
CHEBI:4697
KEGG:C01351
Donor
chebi_ontology
Donator
donneur
CHEBI:17891
donor
Donor
KEGG_COMPOUND
Donator
ChEBI
donneur
ChEBI
'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
CHEBI:14517
CHEBI:25054
CHEBI:6486
KEGG:C01356
Lipid
lipids
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:18059
lipid
Lipid
KEGG_COMPOUND
lipids
IUPAC
Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
CHEBI:14361
CHEBI:24398
CHEBI:5495
KEGG:C02545
Wikipedia:Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycan
glycosaminoglycan
chebi_ontology
Glykosaminoglykan
glicosaminoglicano
glycosaminoglycane
glycosaminoglycans
CHEBI:18085
glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycan
KEGG_COMPOUND
glycosaminoglycan
IUPAC
Glykosaminoglykan
ChEBI
glicosaminoglicano
IUPAC
glycosaminoglycane
IUPAC
glycosaminoglycans
ChEBI
Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose).
CHEBI:14399
CHEBI:24590
CHEBI:5709
GlyGen:G70994MS
GlyTouCan:G70994MS
KEGG:C00738
Hexose
chebi_ontology
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/
hexoses
CHEBI:18133
hexose
Hexose
KEGG_COMPOUND
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/
GlyTouCan
hexoses
ChEBI
A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues.
CHEBI:14864
CHEBI:26205
CHEBI:8322
KEGG:C00420
Polysaccharide
polysaccharides
chebi_ontology
Glycan
Glycane
Glykan
Glykane
glycans
polisacarido
polisacaridos
CHEBI:18154
polysaccharide
Polysaccharide
KEGG_COMPOUND
polysaccharides
IUPAC
Glycan
KEGG_COMPOUND
Glycane
ChEBI
Glykan
ChEBI
Glykane
ChEBI
glycans
IUPAC
polisacarido
ChEBI
polisacaridos
IUPAC
That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing.
CHEBI:13873
CHEBI:25598
CHEBI:2995
KEGG:C00701
Wikipedia:Nucleobase
chebi_ontology
Base
nucleobases
CHEBI:18282
nucleobase
Base
KEGG_COMPOUND
nucleobases
ChEBI
The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline.
CHEBI:1
CHEBI:14668
CHEBI:25592
CHEBI:258884
CHEBI:43725
Beilstein:4231961
CAS:51-41-2
DrugBank:DB00368
Drug_Central:1960
HMDB:HMDB0000216
KEGG:C00547
KEGG:D00076
KNApSAcK:C00001424
PDBeChem:LNR
Reaxys:2804840
Wikipedia:Norepinephrine
4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
chebi_ontology
(-)-arterenol
(-)-noradrenaline
(-)-norepinephrine
(R)-(-)-norepinephrine
(R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol
(R)-norepinephrine
4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol
Arterenol
L-NOREPINEPHRINE
L-Noradrenaline
Noradrenaline
Norepinephrine
norepinefrina
norepinephrine
norepinephrinum
CHEBI:18357
(R)-noradrenaline
Beilstein:4231961
ChemIDplus
CAS:51-41-2
ChemIDplus
CAS:51-41-2
KEGG COMPOUND
Drug_Central:1960
DrugCentral
Reaxys:2804840
Reaxys
4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
IUPAC
(-)-arterenol
ChemIDplus
(-)-noradrenaline
IUPHAR
(-)-norepinephrine
ChemIDplus
(R)-(-)-norepinephrine
ChemIDplus
(R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol
ChemIDplus
(R)-norepinephrine
ChemIDplus
4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol
KEGG_COMPOUND
Arterenol
KEGG_COMPOUND
L-NOREPINEPHRINE
PDBeChem
L-Noradrenaline
KEGG_COMPOUND
Noradrenaline
KEGG_COMPOUND
Norepinephrine
KEGG_COMPOUND
norepinefrina
ChEBI
norepinephrine
ChemIDplus
norepinephrine
WHO_MedNet
norepinephrinum
ChEBI
Beilstein:2048472
5beta-cholane
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:20664
5beta-cholane
Beilstein:2048472
Beilstein
5beta-cholane
IUPAC
An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
acyl group
alkanoyl
chebi_ontology
acyl groups
alkanoyl group
groupe acyle
CHEBI:22221
acyl group
acyl group
IUPAC
alkanoyl
IUPAC
acyl groups
ChEBI
alkanoyl group
ChEBI
groupe acyle
IUPAC
alkali metals
chebi_ontology
Alkalimetall
Alkalimetalle
alkali metal
metal alcalin
metal alcalino
metales alcalinos
metaux alcalins
CHEBI:22314
alkali metal atom
alkali metals
IUPAC
Alkalimetall
ChEBI
Alkalimetalle
ChEBI
alkali metal
ChEBI
metal alcalin
ChEBI
metal alcalino
ChEBI
metales alcalinos
ChEBI
metaux alcalins
ChEBI
Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.
Wikipedia:Alkaloid
Alkaloid
alkaloids
chebi_ontology
Alkaloide
alcaloide
alcaloides
CHEBI:22315
alkaloid
Alkaloid
ChEBI
alkaloids
IUPAC
Alkaloide
ChEBI
alcaloide
ChEBI
alcaloides
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
aminoglycans
CHEBI:22506
aminoglycan
aminoglycans
ChEBI
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
Anion
anion
chebi_ontology
Anionen
aniones
anions
CHEBI:22563
anion
Anion
ChEBI
anion
ChEBI
anion
IUPAC
Anionen
ChEBI
aniones
ChEBI
anions
IUPAC
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
chebi_ontology
antioxidants
antioxydant
antoxidant
CHEBI:22586
antioxidant
antioxidants
ChEBI
antioxydant
ChEBI
antoxidant
ChEBI
A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base).
KEGG:C00701
Base
base
chebi_ontology
Base1
Base2
Basen
Nucleobase
bases
CHEBI:22695
base
Base
ChEBI
base
ChEBI
base
IUPAC
Base1
KEGG_COMPOUND
Base2
KEGG_COMPOUND
Basen
ChEBI
Nucleobase
KEGG_COMPOUND
bases
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
benzopyrroles
CHEBI:22728
benzopyrrole
benzopyrroles
ChEBI
Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the delta chemical shift scale.
chebi_ontology
NMR chemical shift reference compounds
NMR chemical shift standard
NMR chemical shift standards
NMR internal standard
NMR internal standards
NMR reference standard
NMR reference standards
CHEBI:228364
NMR chemical shift reference compound
NMR chemical shift reference compounds
ChEBI
NMR chemical shift standard
ChEBI
NMR chemical shift standards
ChEBI
NMR internal standard
ChEBI
NMR internal standards
ChEBI
NMR reference standard
ChEBI
NMR reference standards
ChEBI
A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine.
KEGG:C01558
chebi_ontology
Bile acid
bile salts
CHEBI:22868
bile salt
Bile acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
bile salts
ChEBI
The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid.
PMID:24168430
carbamoyl
chebi_ontology
-C(O)NH2
-CONH2
aminocarbonyl
carbamyl
carbamyl group
carboxamide
CHEBI:23004
carbamoyl group
PMID:24168430
Europe PMC
carbamoyl
IUPAC
-C(O)NH2
ChEBI
-CONH2
IUPAC
aminocarbonyl
IUPAC
carbamyl
ChEBI
carbamyl group
ChEBI
carboxamide
IUPAC
carbonyl
carbonyl group
chebi_ontology
>C=O
CHEBI:23019
carbonyl group
carbonyl
IUPAC
carbonyl group
ChEBI
carbonyl group
UniProt
>C=O
IUPAC
An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry)
cofactor
cofactors
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:23357
cofactor
cofactor
IUPAC
cofactors
IUPAC
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
molecular entity
chebi_ontology
entidad molecular
entidades moleculares
entite moleculaire
molecular entities
molekulare Entitaet
CHEBI:23367
molecular entity
molecular entity
IUPAC
entidad molecular
IUPAC
entidades moleculares
IUPAC
entite moleculaire
IUPAC
molecular entities
IUPAC
molekulare Entitaet
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
Cyclopeptid
Zyklopeptid
cyclic peptides
peptide cyclique
peptido ciclico
CHEBI:23449
cyclic peptide
Cyclopeptid
ChEBI
Zyklopeptid
ChEBI
cyclic peptides
ChEBI
peptide cyclique
IUPAC
peptido ciclico
IUPAC
Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.
chebi_ontology
drugs
medicine
CHEBI:23888
drug
drugs
ChEBI
medicine
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
monoatomic cations
CHEBI:23906
monoatomic cation
monoatomic cations
ChEBI
A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
enzyme inhibitor
chebi_ontology
enzyme inhibitors
inhibidor enzimatico
inhibidores enzimaticos
inhibiteur enzymatique
inhibiteurs enzymatiques
CHEBI:23924
enzyme inhibitor
enzyme inhibitor
IUPAC
enzyme inhibitors
ChEBI
inhibidor enzimatico
ChEBI
inhibidores enzimaticos
ChEBI
inhibiteur enzymatique
ChEBI
inhibiteurs enzymatiques
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:24384
glycogens
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
chemical entity
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:24431
chemical entity
chemical entity
UniProt
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
chebi_ontology
biological function
CHEBI:24432
biological role
biological function
ChEBI
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
group
chebi_ontology
Gruppe
Rest
groupe
grupo
grupos
CHEBI:24433
group
group
IUPAC
Gruppe
ChEBI
Rest
ChEBI
groupe
IUPAC
grupo
IUPAC
grupos
IUPAC
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.
chebi_ontology
organic heterocycle
organic heterocyclic compounds
CHEBI:24532
organic heterocyclic compound
organic heterocycle
ChEBI
organic heterocyclic compounds
ChEBI
A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond.
heterodetic cyclic peptide
chebi_ontology
heterodetic cyclic peptides
peptide cyclique heterodetique
peptido ciclico heterodetico
CHEBI:24533
heterodetic cyclic peptide
heterodetic cyclic peptide
IUPAC
heterodetic cyclic peptides
ChEBI
peptide cyclique heterodetique
IUPAC
peptido ciclico heterodetico
IUPAC
Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.
chebi_ontology
endocrine
hormones
CHEBI:24621
hormone
endocrine
ChEBI
hormones
ChEBI
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:24651
hydroxides
Any member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.
chebi_ontology
hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids
CHEBI:24663
hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids
ChEBI
Any compound containing an indole skeleton.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:24828
indoles
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
oxoacid
oxoacids
chebi_ontology
oxacids
oxiacids
oxo acid
oxy-acids
oxyacids
CHEBI:24833
oxoacid
oxoacid
IUPAC
oxoacids
IUPAC
oxacids
ChEBI
oxiacids
ChEBI
oxo acid
ChEBI
oxy-acids
ChEBI
oxyacids
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
inorganic anions
CHEBI:24834
inorganic anion
inorganic anions
ChEBI
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
chebi_ontology
anorganische Verbindungen
inorganic compounds
inorganic entity
inorganic molecular entities
inorganics
CHEBI:24835
inorganic molecular entity
anorganische Verbindungen
ChEBI
inorganic compounds
ChEBI
inorganic entity
ChEBI
inorganic molecular entities
ChEBI
inorganics
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
inorganic oxides
CHEBI:24836
inorganic oxide
inorganic oxides
ChEBI
A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.
salt
chebi_ontology
Salz
Salze
ionic compound
ionic compounds
sal
sales
salts
sel
sels
CHEBI:24866
salt
salt
IUPAC
Salz
ChEBI
Salze
ChEBI
ionic compound
ChEBI
ionic compounds
ChEBI
sal
ChEBI
sales
ChEBI
salts
ChEBI
sel
ChEBI
sels
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
monoatomic ions
CHEBI:24867
monoatomic ion
monoatomic ions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
organic salts
organisches Salz
CHEBI:24868
organic salt
organic salts
ChEBI
organisches Salz
ChEBI
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
Ion
ion
chebi_ontology
Ionen
iones
ions
CHEBI:24870
ion
Ion
ChEBI
ion
ChEBI
ion
IUPAC
Ionen
ChEBI
iones
ChEBI
ions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:25046
linear tetrapyrrole
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
CHEBI:26619
CHEBI:35220
metabolite
chebi_ontology
metabolites
primary metabolites
secondary metabolites
CHEBI:25212
metabolite
metabolite
IUPAC
metabolites
ChEBI
primary metabolites
ChEBI
secondary metabolites
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
a metal cation
metal cations
CHEBI:25213
metal cation
a metal cation
UniProt
metal cations
ChEBI
A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
chebi_ontology
homoatomic molecule
homoatomic molecules
CHEBI:25362
elemental molecule
homoatomic molecule
ChEBI
homoatomic molecules
ChEBI
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
molecule
chebi_ontology
Molekuel
molecula
molecules
neutral molecular compounds
CHEBI:25367
molecule
molecule
IUPAC
Molekuel
ChEBI
molecula
IUPAC
molecules
IUPAC
neutral molecular compounds
IUPAC
A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.
chebi_ontology
monamines
monoamines
CHEBI:25375
monoamine molecular messenger
monamines
ChEBI
monoamines
ChEBI
An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
chebi_ontology
monocarboxylic acids
CHEBI:25384
monocarboxylic acid
monocarboxylic acids
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
monoatomic monocations
monovalent inorganic cations
CHEBI:25414
monoatomic monocation
monoatomic monocations
ChEBI
monovalent inorganic cations
ChEBI
An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.
Wikipedia:Neurotransmitter
chebi_ontology
neurotransmitters
CHEBI:25512
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitters
ChEBI
WebElements:N
nitrogen
chebi_ontology
7N
N
Stickstoff
azote
nitrogen
nitrogeno
CHEBI:25555
nitrogen atom
nitrogen
IUPAC
7N
IUPAC
N
IUPAC
Stickstoff
ChEBI
azote
IUPAC
nitrogen
ChEBI
nitrogeno
ChEBI
nonmetal
chebi_ontology
Nichtmetall
Nichtmetalle
no metal
no metales
non-metal
non-metaux
nonmetal
nonmetals
CHEBI:25585
nonmetal atom
nonmetals
ChEBI
nonmetal
IUPAC
Nichtmetall
ChEBI
Nichtmetalle
ChEBI
no metal
ChEBI
no metales
ChEBI
non-metal
ChEBI
non-metaux
ChEBI
nonmetal
ChEBI
Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
chebi_ontology
organic anions
CHEBI:25696
organic anion
organic anions
ChEBI
Any organic ion with a net positive charge.
chebi_ontology
organic cations
CHEBI:25697
organic cation
organic cations
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
organic ions
CHEBI:25699
organic ion
organic ions
ChEBI
Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group
chebi_ontology
organic sulfates
CHEBI:25704
organic sulfate
organic sulfates
ChEBI
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
oxide
chebi_ontology
oxides
CHEBI:25741
oxide
oxide
ChEBI
oxides
ChEBI
KEGG:C00007
WebElements:O
oxygen
chebi_ontology
8O
O
Sauerstoff
oxigeno
oxygen
oxygene
CHEBI:25805
oxygen atom
oxygen
IUPAC
8O
IUPAC
O
IUPAC
Sauerstoff
ChEBI
oxigeno
ChEBI
oxygen
ChEBI
oxygene
ChEBI
oxygen molecular entity
chebi_ontology
oxygen molecular entities
CHEBI:25806
oxygen molecular entity
oxygen molecular entity
ChEBI
oxygen molecular entities
ChEBI
Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine.
chebi_ontology
peptide hormones
polypeptide hormone
CHEBI:25905
peptide hormone
peptide hormones
ChEBI
polypeptide hormone
ChEBI
CAS:7440-23-5
Gmelin:16221
KEGG:C01330
WebElements:Na
sodium
chebi_ontology
11Na
Na
Natrium
natrium
sodio
sodium
CHEBI:26708
sodium atom
CAS:7440-23-5
ChemIDplus
Gmelin:16221
Gmelin
sodium
IUPAC
11Na
IUPAC
Na
IUPAC
Natrium
ChemIDplus
natrium
IUPAC
sodio
ChemIDplus
sodium
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
sodium compounds
sodium molecular entities
CHEBI:26712
sodium molecular entity
sodium compounds
ChEBI
sodium molecular entities
ChEBI
Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation.
chebi_ontology
Natriumsalz
Natriumsalze
sodium salts
CHEBI:26714
sodium salt
Natriumsalz
ChEBI
Natriumsalze
ChEBI
sodium salts
ChEBI
Any steroid that acts as hormone.
chebi_ontology
Steroidhormon
Steroidhormone
hormona esteroide
hormonas esteroideas
hormone steroide
hormones steroides
steroid hormones
CHEBI:26764
steroid hormone
Steroidhormon
ChEBI
Steroidhormone
ChEBI
hormona esteroide
ChEBI
hormonas esteroideas
ChEBI
hormone steroide
ChEBI
hormones steroides
ChEBI
steroid hormones
ChEBI
An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid.
chebi_ontology
sulfate ester
sulfuric acid ester
sulfuric acid esters
CHEBI:26819
sulfuric ester
sulfate ester
ChEBI
sulfuric acid ester
ChEBI
sulfuric acid esters
ChEBI
Salts and esters of sulfuric acid
sulfates
chebi_ontology
sulfuric acid derivative
sulphates
CHEBI:26820
sulfates
sulfates
ChEBI
sulfuric acid derivative
ChEBI
sulphates
ChEBI
CAS:7704-34-9
KEGG:C00087
KEGG:D06527
PPDB:605
WebElements:S
sulfur
chebi_ontology
16S
Elemental sulfur
S
Schwefel
azufre
soufre
sulfur
sulphur
theion
CHEBI:26833
sulfur atom
CAS:7704-34-9
ChemIDplus
CAS:7704-34-9
NIST Chemistry WebBook
sulfur
IUPAC
16S
IUPAC
Elemental sulfur
KEGG_COMPOUND
S
IUPAC
S
KEGG_COMPOUND
Schwefel
ChEBI
azufre
ChEBI
soufre
ChEBI
sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur
UniProt
sulphur
ChEBI
theion
IUPAC
sulfur molecular entity
chebi_ontology
sulfur molecular entities
CHEBI:26835
sulfur molecular entity
sulfur molecular entity
ChEBI
sulfur molecular entities
ChEBI
A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.
CAS:7664-93-9
Gmelin:2122
KEGG:C00059
KEGG:D05963
KNApSAcK:C00007530
MolBase:4
PMID:13568755
PMID:16122922
PMID:19397353
PMID:22047659
PMID:22136045
PMID:22204399
PMID:22267186
PMID:22296037
PMID:22364556
PMID:22435616
PPDB:606
Reaxys:2037554
Wikipedia:Sulfuric_acid
Sulfuric acid
dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate
dihydroxidodioxidosulfur
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-)
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI)
sulfuric acid
tetraoxosulfuric acid
chebi_ontology
Acide sulfurique
Acido sulfurico
Acidum sulfuricum
H2SO4
Schwefelsaeureloesungen
[S(OH)2O2]
[SO2(OH)2]
sulphuric acid
CHEBI:26836
sulfuric acid
CAS:7664-93-9
ChemIDplus
CAS:7664-93-9
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:7664-93-9
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:2122
Gmelin
PMID:13568755
Europe PMC
PMID:16122922
Europe PMC
PMID:19397353
Europe PMC
PMID:22047659
Europe PMC
PMID:22136045
Europe PMC
PMID:22204399
Europe PMC
PMID:22267186
Europe PMC
PMID:22296037
Europe PMC
PMID:22364556
Europe PMC
PMID:22435616
Europe PMC
Reaxys:2037554
Reaxys
Sulfuric acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate
IUPAC
dihydroxidodioxidosulfur
IUPAC
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-)
IUPAC
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI)
IUPAC
sulfuric acid
ChEBI
sulfuric acid
IUPAC
tetraoxosulfuric acid
IUPAC
Acide sulfurique
ChemIDplus
Acido sulfurico
ChemIDplus
Acidum sulfuricum
ChemIDplus
H2SO4
IUPAC
Schwefelsaeureloesungen
ChemIDplus
[S(OH)2O2]
MolBase
[SO2(OH)2]
IUPAC
sulphuric acid
MolBase
A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
tetrapyrrole
tetrapyrroles
chebi_ontology
a tetrapyrrole
CHEBI:26932
tetrapyrrole
tetrapyrrole
IUPAC
tetrapyrroles
IUPAC
a tetrapyrrole
UniProt
Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Wikipedia:Micronutrient
chebi_ontology
micronutrients
trace elements
CHEBI:27027
micronutrient
micronutrients
ChEBI
trace elements
ChEBI
Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:27162
tryptamines
chebi_ontology
heterobicyclic compounds
organic heterobicyclic compounds
CHEBI:27171
organic heterobicyclic compound
heterobicyclic compounds
ChEBI
organic heterobicyclic compounds
ChEBI
A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
chebi_ontology
univalent acyl group
univalent carboacyl groups
univalent carboxylic acyl groups
CHEBI:27207
univalent carboacyl group
univalent acyl group
ChEBI
univalent carboacyl groups
ChEBI
univalent carboxylic acyl groups
ChEBI
A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).
zwitterion
zwitterions
chebi_ontology
compose zwitterionique
compuestos zwitterionicos
zwitteriones
zwitterionic compounds
CHEBI:27369
zwitterion
zwitterion
IUPAC
zwitterions
IUPAC
compose zwitterionique
IUPAC
compuestos zwitterionicos
IUPAC
zwitteriones
IUPAC
zwitterionic compounds
IUPAC
CHEBI:23009
CHEBI:3399
CAS:7440-44-0
KEGG:C06265
WebElements:C
carbon
chebi_ontology
6C
C
Carbon
Kohlenstoff
carbon
carbone
carbonium
carbono
CHEBI:27594
carbon atom
CAS:7440-44-0
ChemIDplus
CAS:7440-44-0
KEGG COMPOUND
carbon
IUPAC
6C
IUPAC
C
IUPAC
C
KEGG_COMPOUND
Carbon
KEGG_COMPOUND
Kohlenstoff
ChEBI
carbon
ChEBI
carbone
ChEBI
carbonium
ChEBI
carbono
ChEBI
A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.
CHEBI:24379
CHEBI:5466
CAS:9005-79-2
GlyGen:G99991IU
GlyTouCan:G99991IU
HMDB:HMDB0000757
KEGG:C00182
MetaCyc:CPD0-971
Wikipedia:Glycogen
Glycogen
chebi_ontology
WURCS=2.0/1,4,3/[a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-1-1/a4-b1_b4-c1_b6-d1
animal starch
liver starch
CHEBI:28087
glycogen
CAS:9005-79-2
ChemIDplus
CAS:9005-79-2
KEGG COMPOUND
Glycogen
KEGG_COMPOUND
WURCS=2.0/1,4,3/[a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-1-1/a4-b1_b4-c1_b6-d1
GlyTouCan
animal starch
ChemIDplus
liver starch
ChemIDplus
A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.
CHEBI:22504
CHEBI:23002
CHEBI:3386
CHEBI:44573
Beilstein:1734754
CAS:463-77-4
DrugBank:DB04261
Gmelin:130345
KEGG:C01563
PDBeChem:OUT
Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid
CARBAMIC ACID
Carbamic acid
carbamic acid
chebi_ontology
Aminoameisensaeure
Aminoformic acid
Carbamate
Carbamidsaeure
CHEBI:28616
carbamic acid
Beilstein:1734754
Beilstein
CAS:463-77-4
ChemIDplus
CAS:463-77-4
KEGG COMPOUND
Gmelin:130345
Gmelin
CARBAMIC ACID
PDBeChem
Carbamic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
carbamic acid
IUPAC
Aminoameisensaeure
ChEBI
Aminoformic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
Carbamate
KEGG_COMPOUND
Carbamidsaeure
ChEBI
A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine.
CHEBI:1420
CHEBI:26652
CHEBI:49894
CAS:50-67-9
Gmelin:1861995
HMDB:HMDB0000259
KEGG:C00780
KNApSAcK:C00001429
LINCS:LSM-6589
MetaCyc:SEROTONIN
PDBeChem:SRO
PMID:18593914
PMID:22770225
PMID:24136337
Reaxys:143524
Wikipedia:Serotonin
3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
SEROTONIN
Serotonin
chebi_ontology
3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
5-HT
5-Hydroxytryptamine
Enteramine
serotonine
thrombocytin
thrombotonin
CHEBI:28790
serotonin
CAS:50-67-9
ChemIDplus
CAS:50-67-9
KEGG COMPOUND
Gmelin:1861995
Gmelin
PMID:18593914
Europe PMC
PMID:22770225
Europe PMC
PMID:24136337
Europe PMC
Reaxys:143524
Reaxys
3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
IUPAC
SEROTONIN
PDBeChem
Serotonin
KEGG_COMPOUND
3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
KEGG_COMPOUND
5-HT
IUPHAR
5-Hydroxytryptamine
KEGG_COMPOUND
Enteramine
KEGG_COMPOUND
serotonine
ChEBI
thrombocytin
ChemIDplus
thrombotonin
ChemIDplus
An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia.
CHEBI:22534
CHEBI:49783
CHEBI:7435
CAS:14798-03-9
Gmelin:84
KEGG:C01342
MetaCyc:AMMONIUM
MolBase:929
PDBeChem:NH4
PMID:11319011
PMID:11341317
PMID:12096804
PMID:14512268
PMID:14879753
PMID:16345391
PMID:16903292
PMID:17392693
PMID:18515490
PMID:19199063
PMID:19596600
PMID:19682559
PMID:19716251
PMID:21993530
PMID:22265469
PMID:22524020
PMID:22562341
PMID:22631217
Reaxys:16093784
Wikipedia:Ammonium
ammonium
azanium
chebi_ontology
Ammonium(1+)
NH4(+)
NH4+
[NH4](+)
ammonium cation
ammonium ion
CHEBI:28938
ammonium
CAS:14798-03-9
ChemIDplus
CAS:14798-03-9
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:84
Gmelin
PMID:11319011
Europe PMC
PMID:11341317
Europe PMC
PMID:12096804
Europe PMC
PMID:14512268
Europe PMC
PMID:14879753
Europe PMC
PMID:16345391
Europe PMC
PMID:16903292
Europe PMC
PMID:17392693
Europe PMC
PMID:18515490
Europe PMC
PMID:19199063
Europe PMC
PMID:19596600
Europe PMC
PMID:19682559
Europe PMC
PMID:19716251
Europe PMC
PMID:21993530
Europe PMC
PMID:22265469
Europe PMC
PMID:22524020
Europe PMC
PMID:22562341
Europe PMC
PMID:22631217
Europe PMC
Reaxys:16093784
Reaxys
ammonium
ChEBI
ammonium
IUPAC
azanium
IUPAC
Ammonium(1+)
ChemIDplus
NH4(+)
IUPAC
NH4(+)
UniProt
NH4+
KEGG_COMPOUND
[NH4](+)
MolBase
ammonium cation
ChemIDplus
ammonium ion
PDBeChem
A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid.
CHEBI:13632
CHEBI:23688
CHEBI:23689
CHEBI:38711
dicarboxylic acid dianion
chebi_ontology
a dicarboxylate
dicarboxylate
dicarboxylates
dicarboxylic acid dianions
CHEBI:28965
dicarboxylic acid dianion
dicarboxylic acid dianion
ChEBI
a dicarboxylate
UniProt
dicarboxylate
ChEBI
dicarboxylates
ChEBI
dicarboxylic acid dianions
ChEBI
CHEBI:13351
CHEBI:23017
CHEBI:23744
CHEBI:3401
CAS:463-79-6
Gmelin:25554
KEGG:C01353
PDBeChem:CO3
Carbonic acid
carbonic acid
dihydroxidooxidocarbon
chebi_ontology
Dihydrogen carbonate
H2CO3
Koehlensaeure
[CO(OH)2]
CHEBI:28976
carbonic acid
CAS:463-79-6
ChemIDplus
CAS:463-79-6
KEGG COMPOUND
Gmelin:25554
Gmelin
Carbonic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
carbonic acid
IUPAC
dihydroxidooxidocarbon
IUPAC
Dihydrogen carbonate
KEGG_COMPOUND
H2CO3
IUPAC
H2CO3
KEGG_COMPOUND
Koehlensaeure
ChEBI
[CO(OH)2]
IUPAC
The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
CHEBI:13626
CHEBI:13945
CHEBI:23026
CHEBI:58657
chebi_ontology
a carboxylate
carboxylic acid anions
carboxylic anions
CHEBI:29067
carboxylic acid anion
a carboxylate
UniProt
carboxylic acid anions
ChEBI
carboxylic anions
ChEBI
A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium.
CHEBI:26717
CHEBI:49766
CHEBI:9175
CAS:17341-25-2
Gmelin:15196
KEGG:C01330
PDBeChem:NA
sodium cation
sodium(1+)
sodium(1+) ion
sodium(I) cation
chebi_ontology
Na(+)
Na+
SODIUM ION
CHEBI:29101
sodium(1+)
CAS:17341-25-2
ChemIDplus
CAS:17341-25-2
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:15196
Gmelin
sodium cation
IUPAC
sodium(1+)
IUPAC
sodium(1+) ion
IUPAC
sodium(I) cation
IUPAC
Na(+)
IUPAC
Na(+)
UniProt
Na+
KEGG_COMPOUND
SODIUM ION
PDBeChem
amide
azanide
dihydridonitrate(1-)
chebi_ontology
NH2(-)
CHEBI:29337
azanide
amide
IUPAC
azanide
IUPAC
dihydridonitrate(1-)
IUPAC
NH2(-)
IUPAC
A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia.
azanediide
hydridonitrate(2-)
chebi_ontology
NH(2-)
imide
CHEBI:29340
hydridonitrate(2-)
azanediide
IUPAC
hydridonitrate(2-)
IUPAC
NH(2-)
IUPAC
imide
IUPAC
Gmelin:508
dioxidenium
hydridodioxygen(1+)
chebi_ontology
HO2(+)
HOO(+)
[HO2](+)
CHEBI:29793
hydridodioxygen(1+)
Gmelin:508
Gmelin
dioxidenium
IUPAC
hydridodioxygen(1+)
IUPAC
HO2(+)
IUPAC
HOO(+)
ChEBI
[HO2](+)
ChEBI
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid.
CHEBI:13704
CHEBI:22165
CHEBI:40480
CAS:71-50-1
DrugBank:DB03166
Gmelin:1379
KEGG:C00033
MetaCyc:ACET
PDBeChem:ACT
PMID:17190852
PMID:22211106
PMID:22371380
Reaxys:1901470
UM-BBD_compID:c0050
Wikipedia:Acetate
acetate
chebi_ontology
ACETATE ION
Azetat
CH3-COO(-)
Ethanoat
MeCO2 anion
acetic acid, ion(1-)
ethanoate
CHEBI:30089
acetate
CAS:71-50-1
ChemIDplus
CAS:71-50-1
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:1379
Gmelin
PMID:17190852
Europe PMC
PMID:22211106
Europe PMC
PMID:22371380
Europe PMC
Reaxys:1901470
Reaxys
UM-BBD_compID:c0050
UM-BBD
acetate
IUPAC
acetate
UniProt
ACETATE ION
PDBeChem
Azetat
ChEBI
CH3-COO(-)
IUPAC
Ethanoat
ChEBI
MeCO2 anion
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
acetic acid, ion(1-)
ChemIDplus
ethanoate
ChEBI
Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force.
CHEBI:10581
CHEBI:14383
KEGG:C00205
photon
chebi_ontology
Lichtquant
Light
foton
gamma
hnu
light quantum
CHEBI:30212
photon
photon
IUPAC
Lichtquant
ChEBI
Light
KEGG_COMPOUND
foton
ChEBI
gamma
IUPAC
hnu
IUPAC
hnu
UniProt
light quantum
ChEBI
Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration.
KEGG:C01558
Bile acid
chebi_ontology
5beta-bile acid
5beta-bile acids
Bile salt
Gallensaeure
Gallensaeuren
bile acids
CHEBI:3098
bile acid
Bile acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
5beta-bile acid
ChEBI
5beta-bile acids
ChEBI
Bile salt
KEGG_COMPOUND
Gallensaeure
ChEBI
Gallensaeuren
ChEBI
bile acids
ChEBI
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
CHEBI:13814
CHEBI:22474
CHEBI:2641
KEGG:C00706
Amine
amines
chebi_ontology
Amin
Substituted amine
CHEBI:32952
amine
Amine
KEGG_COMPOUND
amines
IUPAC
Amin
ChEBI
Substituted amine
KEGG_COMPOUND
An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
CHEBI:22473
CHEBI:2633
KEGG:C00241
Amide
amides
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:32988
amide
Amide
KEGG_COMPOUND
amides
IUPAC
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:33232
application
A particle not known to have substructure.
elementary particle
chebi_ontology
elementary particles
CHEBI:33233
fundamental particle
elementary particle
IUPAC
elementary particles
ChEBI
A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.
chebi_ontology
atomic entity
monoatomic entities
CHEBI:33238
monoatomic entity
atomic entity
ChEBI
monoatomic entities
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
oxoacid derivatives
CHEBI:33241
oxoacid derivative
oxoacid derivatives
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
inorganic hydrides
CHEBI:33242
inorganic hydride
inorganic hydrides
ChEBI
An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.
chebi_ontology
organic fundamental parents
organic parent hydrides
CHEBI:33245
organic fundamental parent
organic fundamental parents
ChEBI
organic parent hydrides
ChEBI
Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.
chebi_ontology
inorganic groups
CHEBI:33246
inorganic group
inorganic groups
ChEBI
Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.
chebi_ontology
organic groups
CHEBI:33247
organic group
organic groups
ChEBI
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom.
organyl group
organyl groups
chebi_ontology
groupe organyle
grupo organilo
grupos organilo
CHEBI:33249
organyl group
organyl group
IUPAC
organyl groups
IUPAC
groupe organyle
IUPAC
grupo organilo
IUPAC
grupos organilo
IUPAC
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
CHEBI:22671
CHEBI:23907
atom
chebi_ontology
atome
atomo
atoms
atomus
element
elements
CHEBI:33250
atom
atom
IUPAC
atome
IUPAC
atomo
IUPAC
atoms
ChEBI
atomus
ChEBI
element
ChEBI
elements
ChEBI
A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.
nucleus
chebi_ontology
Atomkern
Kern
noyau
noyau atomique
nuclei
nucleo
nucleo atomico
nucleus atomi
CHEBI:33252
atomic nucleus
nucleus
IUPAC
Atomkern
ChEBI
Kern
ChEBI
noyau
IUPAC
noyau atomique
ChEBI
nuclei
ChEBI
nucleo
IUPAC
nucleo atomico
ChEBI
nucleus atomi
ChEBI
Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.
nucleon
chebi_ontology
Nukleon
Nukleonen
nucleons
CHEBI:33253
nucleon
nucleon
IUPAC
nucleon
IUPAC
Nukleon
ChEBI
Nukleonen
ChEBI
nucleons
ChEBI
A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
primary amide
primary amides
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:33256
primary amide
primary amide
IUPAC
primary amides
IUPAC
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
chebi_ontology
homoatomic entity
homoatomic molecular entities
homoatomic molecular entity
CHEBI:33259
elemental molecular entity
homoatomic entity
ChEBI
homoatomic molecular entities
ChEBI
homoatomic molecular entity
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:33262
elemental oxygen
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:33263
diatomic oxygen
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
chebi_ontology
polyatomic anions
CHEBI:33273
polyatomic anion
polyatomic anions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
chemical messenger
CHEBI:33280
molecular messenger
chemical messenger
ChEBI
A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
CHEBI:22582
PMID:12964249
PMID:22117953
PMID:22439833
PMID:22849268
PMID:22849276
PMID:22958833
chebi_ontology
Antibiotika
Antibiotikum
antibiotic
antibiotics
antibiotique
antimicrobial
antimicrobial agents
antimicrobials
microbicide
microbicides
CHEBI:33281
antimicrobial agent
PMID:12964249
Europe PMC
PMID:22117953
Europe PMC
PMID:22439833
Europe PMC
PMID:22849268
Europe PMC
PMID:22849276
Europe PMC
PMID:22958833
Europe PMC
Antibiotika
ChEBI
Antibiotikum
ChEBI
antibiotic
ChEBI
antibiotics
ChEBI
antibiotique
IUPAC
antimicrobial
ChEBI
antimicrobial agents
ChEBI
antimicrobials
ChEBI
microbicide
ChEBI
microbicides
ChEBI
A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
chebi_ontology
nutrients
CHEBI:33284
nutrient
nutrients
ChEBI
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
chebi_ontology
heteroorganic entities
organoelement compounds
CHEBI:33285
heteroorganic entity
heteroorganic entities
ChEBI
organoelement compounds
ChEBI
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.
chebi_ontology
alkali metal molecular entities
CHEBI:33296
alkali metal molecular entity
alkali metal molecular entities
ChEBI
Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
pnictogens
chebi_ontology
group 15 elements
group V elements
nitrogenoideos
nitrogenoides
pnictogene
pnictogenes
CHEBI:33300
pnictogen
pnictogens
IUPAC
group 15 elements
ChEBI
group V elements
ChEBI
nitrogenoideos
ChEBI
nitrogenoides
ChEBI
pnictogene
ChEBI
pnictogenes
ChEBI
A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
pnictogen molecular entity
chebi_ontology
pnictogen molecular entities
CHEBI:33302
pnictogen molecular entity
pnictogen molecular entity
ChEBI
pnictogen molecular entities
ChEBI
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
PMID:17084588
chalcogen
chalcogens
chebi_ontology
Chalkogen
Chalkogene
anfigeno
anfigenos
calcogeno
calcogenos
chalcogene
chalcogenes
group 16 elements
group VI elements
CHEBI:33303
chalcogen
PMID:17084588
Europe PMC
chalcogen
IUPAC
chalcogens
IUPAC
Chalkogen
ChEBI
Chalkogene
ChEBI
anfigeno
ChEBI
anfigenos
ChEBI
calcogeno
ChEBI
calcogenos
ChEBI
chalcogene
ChEBI
chalcogenes
ChEBI
group 16 elements
ChEBI
group VI elements
ChEBI
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
chalcogen molecular entity
chebi_ontology
chalcogen compounds
chalcogen molecular entities
CHEBI:33304
chalcogen molecular entity
chalcogen molecular entity
ChEBI
chalcogen compounds
ChEBI
chalcogen molecular entities
ChEBI
group 14 elements
chebi_ontology
carbon group element
carbon group elements
carbonoides
cristallogene
cristallogenes
group IV elements
CHEBI:33306
carbon group element atom
group 14 elements
IUPAC
carbon group element
ChEBI
carbon group elements
ChEBI
carbonoides
ChEBI
cristallogene
ChEBI
cristallogenes
ChEBI
group IV elements
ChEBI
An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.
CHEBI:13204
CHEBI:23028
CHEBI:3408
KEGG:C02391
Wikipedia:Ester
Carboxylic ester
carboxylic esters
chebi_ontology
a carboxylic ester
carboxylic acid esters
CHEBI:33308
carboxylic ester
Carboxylic ester
KEGG_COMPOUND
carboxylic esters
IUPAC
a carboxylic ester
UniProt
carboxylic acid esters
ChEBI
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
main group elements
chebi_ontology
Hauptgruppenelement
Hauptgruppenelemente
main group element
CHEBI:33318
main group element atom
main group elements
IUPAC
Hauptgruppenelement
ChEBI
Hauptgruppenelemente
ChEBI
main group element
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
oxoacids of sulfur
sulfur oxoacids
CHEBI:33402
sulfur oxoacid
oxoacids of sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur oxoacids
ChEBI
sulfur oxoacid derivative
chebi_ontology
sulfur oxoacid derivatives
CHEBI:33424
sulfur oxoacid derivative
sulfur oxoacid derivative
ChEBI
sulfur oxoacid derivatives
ChEBI
sulfur oxoanion
chebi_ontology
oxoanions of sulfur
sulfur oxoanions
CHEBI:33482
sulfur oxoanion
sulfur oxoanion
ChEBI
oxoanions of sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur oxoanions
ChEBI
chalcogen oxoacid
chebi_ontology
chalcogen oxoacids
CHEBI:33484
chalcogen oxoacid
chalcogen oxoacid
ChEBI
chalcogen oxoacids
ChEBI
chalcogen oxoanion
chebi_ontology
chalcogen oxoanions
CHEBI:33485
chalcogen oxoanion
chalcogen oxoanion
ChEBI
chalcogen oxoanions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
alkali metal cations
CHEBI:33504
alkali metal cation
alkali metal cations
ChEBI
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
CHEBI:25217
CHEBI:6788
KEGG:C00050
PMID:21784043
Wikipedia:Metal
chebi_ontology
elemental metal
elemental metals
metal element
metal elements
metals
CHEBI:33521
metal atom
PMID:21784043
Europe PMC
elemental metal
ChEBI
elemental metals
ChEBI
metal element
ChEBI
metal elements
ChEBI
metals
ChEBI
An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid.
chebi_ontology
alpha-amino acid anion
alpha-amino acid anions
alpha-amino-acid anions
CHEBI:33558
alpha-amino-acid anion
alpha-amino acid anion
ChEBI
alpha-amino acid anions
ChEBI
alpha-amino-acid anions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
s-block element
s-block elements
CHEBI:33559
s-block element atom
s-block element
ChEBI
s-block elements
ChEBI
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
chebi_ontology
p-block element
p-block elements
CHEBI:33560
p-block element atom
p-block element
ChEBI
p-block elements
ChEBI
Any compound containing an o-diphenol component.
CHEBI:134187
CHEBI:13628
CHEBI:18862
KEGG:C15571
chebi_ontology
1,2-benzenediols
a catechol
benzene-1,2-diols
CHEBI:33566
catechols
1,2-benzenediols
ChEBI
a catechol
UniProt
benzene-1,2-diols
ChEBI
4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.
CHEBI:23056
CHEBI:3468
KEGG:C02012
Catecholamine
catecholamines
chebi_ontology
catecholamines
CHEBI:33567
catecholamine
Catecholamine
KEGG_COMPOUND
catecholamines
IUPAC
catecholamines
ChEBI
A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.
Beilstein:2210994
CAS:138-65-8
Gmelin:863925
LINCS:LSM-5181
4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
chebi_ontology
noradrenalina
norepinephrine
CHEBI:33569
noradrenaline
Beilstein:2210994
Beilstein
CAS:138-65-8
ChemIDplus
CAS:138-65-8
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:863925
Gmelin
4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
IUPAC
noradrenalina
ChEBI
norepinephrine
ChEBI
CHEBI:22705
CHEBI:22711
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:33570
benzenediols
The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline.
LINCS:LSM-37072
Reaxys:2937999
4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:33571
(S)-noradrenaline
Reaxys:2937999
Reaxys
4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
IUPAC
A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
CHEBI:13428
CHEBI:13627
CHEBI:23027
PMID:17147560
PMID:18433345
Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid
carboxylic acid
carboxylic acids
chebi_ontology
Carbonsaeure
Carbonsaeuren
Karbonsaeure
RC(=O)OH
acide carboxylique
acides carboxyliques
acido carboxilico
acidos carboxilicos
CHEBI:33575
carboxylic acid
PMID:17147560
Europe PMC
PMID:18433345
Europe PMC
carboxylic acid
IUPAC
carboxylic acids
IUPAC
Carbonsaeure
ChEBI
Carbonsaeuren
ChEBI
Karbonsaeure
ChEBI
RC(=O)OH
IUPAC
acide carboxylique
IUPAC
acides carboxyliques
IUPAC
acido carboxilico
IUPAC
acidos carboxilicos
IUPAC
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
chebi_ontology
main group compounds
main group molecular entities
CHEBI:33579
main group molecular entity
main group compounds
ChEBI
main group molecular entities
ChEBI
carbon group molecular entity
chebi_ontology
carbon group molecular entities
CHEBI:33582
carbon group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entity
ChEBI
carbon group molecular entities
ChEBI
Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.
Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound
chebi_ontology
cyclic compounds
CHEBI:33595
cyclic compound
cyclic compounds
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
hydrogen compounds
hydrogen molecular entities
CHEBI:33608
hydrogen molecular entity
hydrogen compounds
ChEBI
hydrogen molecular entities
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
polycyclic compounds
CHEBI:33635
polycyclic compound
polycyclic compounds
ChEBI
A molecule that features two fused rings.
chebi_ontology
bicyclic compounds
CHEBI:33636
bicyclic compound
bicyclic compounds
ChEBI
A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
aromatic compounds
aromatic molecular entity
chebi_ontology
aromatics
aromatische Verbindungen
CHEBI:33655
aromatic compound
aromatic compounds
IUPAC
aromatic molecular entity
IUPAC
aromatics
ChEBI
aromatische Verbindungen
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
organic aromatic compounds
CHEBI:33659
organic aromatic compound
organic aromatic compounds
ChEBI
A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.
heteropolycyclic compounds
chebi_ontology
polyheterocyclic compounds
CHEBI:33671
heteropolycyclic compound
heteropolycyclic compounds
IUPAC
polyheterocyclic compounds
ChEBI
A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.
heterobicyclic compounds
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:33672
heterobicyclic compound
heterobicyclic compounds
IUPAC
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
s-block molecular entity
chebi_ontology
s-block compounds
s-block molecular entities
CHEBI:33674
s-block molecular entity
s-block molecular entity
ChEBI
s-block compounds
ChEBI
s-block molecular entities
ChEBI
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
chebi_ontology
p-block compounds
p-block molecular entities
p-block molecular entitiy
CHEBI:33675
p-block molecular entity
p-block compounds
ChEBI
p-block molecular entities
ChEBI
p-block molecular entitiy
ChEBI
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:33692
hydrides
oxygen hydride
chebi_ontology
hydrides of oxygen
oxygen hydrides
CHEBI:33693
oxygen hydride
oxygen hydride
ChEBI
hydrides of oxygen
ChEBI
oxygen hydrides
ChEBI
A macromolecule formed by a living organism.
biopolymer
chebi_ontology
Biopolymere
biomacromolecules
biopolymers
CHEBI:33694
biomacromolecule
biopolymer
IUPAC
Biopolymere
ChEBI
biomacromolecules
ChEBI
biopolymers
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
genetically encoded biomacromolecules
genetically encoded biopolymers
information biomacromolecules
information biopolymers
information macromolecule
information macromolecules
CHEBI:33695
information biomacromolecule
genetically encoded biomacromolecules
ChEBI
genetically encoded biopolymers
ChEBI
information biomacromolecules
ChEBI
information biopolymers
ChEBI
information macromolecule
ChEBI
information macromolecules
ChEBI
A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid.
nucleic acids
chebi_ontology
NA
Nukleinsaeure
Nukleinsaeuren
acide nucleique
acides nucleiques
acido nucleico
acidos nucleicos
CHEBI:33696
nucleic acid
nucleic acids
IUPAC
NA
ChEBI
Nukleinsaeure
ChEBI
Nukleinsaeuren
ChEBI
acide nucleique
ChEBI
acides nucleiques
ChEBI
acido nucleico
ChEBI
acidos nucleicos
ChEBI
High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins.
CAS:63231-63-0
ribonucleic acid
ribonucleic acids
chebi_ontology
RNA
RNS
Ribonukleinsaeure
pentosenucleic acids
ribonucleic acids
ribose nucleic acid
yeast nucleic acid
CHEBI:33697
ribonucleic acid
CAS:63231-63-0
ChemIDplus
ribonucleic acid
IUPAC
ribonucleic acids
IUPAC
RNA
IUPAC
RNA
UniProt
RNS
ChEBI
Ribonukleinsaeure
ChEBI
pentosenucleic acids
ChemIDplus
ribonucleic acids
ChEBI
ribose nucleic acid
ChEBI
yeast nucleic acid
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
canonical amino-acid residue
canonical amino-acid residues
common amino acid residues
proteinogenic amino-acid residues
standard amino acid residues
standard amino-acid residues
CHEBI:33700
proteinogenic amino-acid residue
canonical amino-acid residue
ChEBI
canonical amino-acid residues
ChEBI
common amino acid residues
ChEBI
proteinogenic amino-acid residues
ChEBI
standard amino acid residues
ChEBI
standard amino-acid residues
ChEBI
A cation consisting of more than one atom.
chebi_ontology
polyatomic cations
CHEBI:33702
polyatomic cation
polyatomic cations
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
amino acid cation
amino acid cations
amino-acid cations
CHEBI:33703
amino-acid cation
amino acid cation
ChEBI
amino acid cations
ChEBI
amino-acid cations
ChEBI
An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.
CHEBI:10208
CHEBI:13779
CHEBI:22442
CHEBI:2642
KEGG:C00045
KEGG:C05167
alpha-amino acid
chebi_ontology
Amino acid
Amino acids
alpha-amino acids
alpha-amino carboxylic acids
CHEBI:33704
alpha-amino acid
alpha-amino acid
IUPAC
Amino acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
Amino acids
KEGG_COMPOUND
alpha-amino acids
ChEBI
alpha-amino acids
JCBN
alpha-amino carboxylic acids
IUPAC
When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue.
amino-acid residue
chebi_ontology
amino acid residue
amino acid residues
amino-acid residues
CHEBI:33708
amino-acid residue
amino-acid residue
IUPAC
amino acid residue
ChEBI
amino acid residues
ChEBI
amino-acid residues
JCBN
A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.
CHEBI:13815
CHEBI:22477
Wikipedia:Amino_acid
chebi_ontology
Aminocarbonsaeure
Aminokarbonsaeure
Aminosaeure
amino acids
CHEBI:33709
amino acid
Aminocarbonsaeure
ChEBI
Aminokarbonsaeure
ChEBI
Aminosaeure
ChEBI
amino acids
ChEBI
An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid.
chebi_ontology
alpha-amino-acid residues
an alpha-amino acid residue
CHEBI:33710
alpha-amino-acid residue
alpha-amino-acid residues
ChEBI
an alpha-amino acid residue
UniProt
chebi_ontology
alpha-amino acid cation
alpha-amino acid cations
alpha-amino-acid cations
CHEBI:33719
alpha-amino-acid cation
alpha-amino acid cation
ChEBI
alpha-amino acid cations
ChEBI
alpha-amino-acid cations
ChEBI
carbohydrate acid
chebi_ontology
carbohydrate acids
CHEBI:33720
carbohydrate acid
carbohydrate acid
ChEBI
carbohydrate acids
ChEBI
carbohydrate acid anion
chebi_ontology
carbohydrate acid anions
CHEBI:33721
carbohydrate acid anion
carbohydrate acid anion
ChEBI
carbohydrate acid anions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
canonical nucleoside residues
common nucleoside residues
nucleoside residue
standard nucleoside residues
CHEBI:33791
canonical nucleoside residue
canonical nucleoside residues
ChEBI
common nucleoside residues
CBN
nucleoside residue
CBN
standard nucleoside residues
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
N
Nuc
canonical ribonucleoside residues
common ribonucleoside residue
common ribonucleoside residues
standard ribonucleoside residues
CHEBI:33792
canonical ribonucleoside residue
N
CBN
Nuc
CBN
canonical ribonucleoside residues
ChEBI
common ribonucleoside residue
CBN
common ribonucleoside residues
CBN
standard ribonucleoside residues
ChEBI
An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
CHEBI:64710
hydroxy compounds
chebi_ontology
organic alcohol
organic hydroxy compounds
CHEBI:33822
organic hydroxy compound
hydroxy compounds
IUPAC
organic alcohol
ChEBI
organic hydroxy compounds
ChEBI
Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.
chebi_ontology
organic cyclic compounds
CHEBI:33832
organic cyclic compound
organic cyclic compounds
ChEBI
A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).
heteroarenes
chebi_ontology
hetarenes
CHEBI:33833
heteroarene
heteroarenes
IUPAC
hetarenes
IUPAC
Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion.
COMe:PRX000001
conjugated proteins
chebi_ontology
complex protein
CHEBI:33837
conjugated protein
conjugated proteins
IUPAC
complex protein
COMe
A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
Wikipedia:Macromolecule
macromolecule
chebi_ontology
macromolecules
polymer
polymer molecule
polymers
CHEBI:33839
macromolecule
macromolecule
IUPAC
macromolecules
ChEBI
polymer
ChEBI
polymer molecule
IUPAC
polymers
ChEBI
Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.
CHEBI:13664
CHEBI:13825
CHEBI:25969
CHEBI:2857
KEGG:C15584
MetaCyc:Phenols
Wikipedia:Phenols
phenols
chebi_ontology
Aryl alcohol
a phenol
arenols
CHEBI:33853
phenols
phenols
IUPAC
Aryl alcohol
KEGG_COMPOUND
a phenol
UniProt
arenols
IUPAC
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
reagent
chebi_ontology
reactif
reactivo
reagents
CHEBI:33893
reagent
reagent
IUPAC
reactif
IUPAC
reactivo
IUPAC
reagents
ChEBI
A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.
CHEBI:2558
aldohexose
chebi_ontology
aldohexoses
CHEBI:33917
aldohexose
aldohexose
ChEBI
aldohexoses
ChEBI
Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals.
chebi_ontology
macronutrients
CHEBI:33937
macronutrient
macronutrients
ChEBI
An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3.
2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium
chebi_ontology
serotonin
serotonin cation
CHEBI:350546
serotonin(1+)
2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium
IUPAC
serotonin
UniProt
serotonin cation
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
nitrogen hydrides
CHEBI:35106
nitrogen hydride
nitrogen hydrides
ChEBI
Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.
chebi_ontology
azanes
CHEBI:35107
azane
azanes
ChEBI
A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.
inhibitor
chebi_ontology
inhibidor
inhibiteur
inhibitors
CHEBI:35222
inhibitor
inhibitor
IUPAC
inhibidor
ChEBI
inhibiteur
ChEBI
inhibitors
ChEBI
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction.
catalyst
chebi_ontology
Katalysator
catalizador
catalyseur
CHEBI:35223
catalyst
catalyst
IUPAC
Katalysator
ChEBI
catalizador
ChEBI
catalyseur
ChEBI
The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
chebi_ontology
amino acid zwitterion
amino acid zwitterions
amino-acid zwitterions
CHEBI:35238
amino-acid zwitterion
amino acid zwitterion
ChEBI
amino acid zwitterions
ChEBI
amino-acid zwitterions
ChEBI
A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.
CHEBI:26470
CHEBI:8693
KEGG:C06703
quaternary ammonium ion
chebi_ontology
Quaternary amine
a quaternary ammonium
quaternary ammonium ions
CHEBI:35267
quaternary ammonium ion
quaternary ammonium ion
IUPAC
Quaternary amine
KEGG_COMPOUND
a quaternary ammonium
UniProt
quaternary ammonium ions
ChEBI
A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc).
chebi_ontology
ammonium ion derivatives
azanium ion derivative
azanium ion derivatives
CHEBI:35274
ammonium ion derivative
ammonium ion derivatives
ChEBI
azanium ion derivative
ChEBI
azanium ion derivatives
ChEBI
A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid.
CHEBI:13245
CHEBI:22227
CHEBI:2463
KEGG:C01777
chebi_ontology
acylcholines
an acylcholine
CHEBI:35287
acylcholine
acylcholines
ChEBI
an acylcholine
UniProt
Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene.
CHEBI:13687
CHEBI:26768
CHEBI:9263
KEGG:C00377
MetaCyc:Steroids
Steroid
steroids
chebi_ontology
a steroid
CHEBI:35341
steroid
Steroid
KEGG_COMPOUND
steroids
IUPAC
a steroid
UniProt
CHEBI:24748
CHEBI:5814
KEGG:C02159
chebi_ontology
Hydroxysteroid
hydroxy steroids
hydroxysteroids
CHEBI:35350
hydroxy steroid
Hydroxysteroid
KEGG_COMPOUND
hydroxy steroids
ChEBI
hydroxysteroids
ChEBI
Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
organonitrogen compounds
chebi_ontology
organonitrogens
CHEBI:35352
organonitrogen compound
organonitrogen compounds
IUPAC
organonitrogens
ChEBI
Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group.
CHEBI:25407
CHEBI:6984
KEGG:C06698
Monosaccharide
monosaccharides
chebi_ontology
Monosaccharid
Monosacharid
monosacarido
monosacaridos
CHEBI:35381
monosaccharide
Monosaccharide
KEGG_COMPOUND
monosaccharides
IUPAC
Monosaccharid
ChEBI
Monosacharid
ChEBI
monosacarido
ChEBI
monosacaridos
IUPAC
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
CHEBI:33274
CHEBI:33436
oxoanion
chebi_ontology
oxoacid anions
oxoanions
CHEBI:35406
oxoanion
oxoanion
ChEBI
oxoacid anions
ChEBI
oxoanions
ChEBI
A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.
chebi_ontology
anti-inflammatory drugs
antiinflammatory agent
antiinflammatory drug
antiinflammatory drugs
CHEBI:35472
anti-inflammatory drug
anti-inflammatory drugs
ChEBI
antiinflammatory agent
ChEBI
antiinflammatory drug
ChEBI
antiinflammatory drugs
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
alkali metal salts
CHEBI:35479
alkali metal salt
alkali metal salts
ChEBI
natural product fundamental parents
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:35507
natural product fundamental parent
natural product fundamental parents
IUPAC
chebi_ontology
steroid fundamental parents
CHEBI:35508
steroid fundamental parent
steroid fundamental parents
ChEBI
cholane
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:35519
cholane
cholane
IUPAC
A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters.
chebi_ontology
sympathomimetic
sympathomimetics
CHEBI:35524
sympathomimetic agent
sympathomimetic
ChEBI
sympathomimetics
ChEBI
A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume.
chebi_ontology
cardiovascular agent
cardiovascular drugs
CHEBI:35554
cardiovascular drug
cardiovascular agent
ChEBI
cardiovascular drugs
ChEBI
An agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors.
chebi_ontology
alpha-adrenergic agonists
alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist
alpha-adrenoceptor agonists
CHEBI:35569
alpha-adrenergic agonist
alpha-adrenergic agonists
ChEBI
alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist
ChEBI
alpha-adrenoceptor agonists
IUPHAR
A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n.
carbon oxoanion
chebi_ontology
carbon oxoanions
oxocarbon anion
oxocarbon anions
CHEBI:35604
carbon oxoanion
carbon oxoanion
ChEBI
carbon oxoanions
ChEBI
oxocarbon anion
ChEBI
oxocarbon anions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
carbon oxoacids
oxoacids of carbon
CHEBI:35605
carbon oxoacid
carbon oxoacids
ChEBI
oxoacids of carbon
ChEBI
A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
chebi_ontology
vasodilator
vasodilator agents
CHEBI:35620
vasodilator agent
vasodilator
ChEBI
vasodilator agents
ChEBI
Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.
CHEBI:23692
CHEBI:36172
CHEBI:4501
KEGG:C02028
Dicarboxylic acid
chebi_ontology
dicarboxylic acids
CHEBI:35692
dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxylic acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
dicarboxylic acids
ChEBI
dicarboxylic acid anion
chebi_ontology
dicarboxylic acid anions
CHEBI:35693
dicarboxylic acid anion
dicarboxylic acid anion
ChEBI
dicarboxylic acid anions
ChEBI
A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter.
CHEBI:23960
CHEBI:4859
KEGG:C00287
Wikipedia:Ester
Ester
chebi_ontology
esters
CHEBI:35701
ester
Ester
KEGG_COMPOUND
esters
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
glycosaminoglycan sulfate
glycosaminoglycan sulfates
sulfated glycosaminoglycans
CHEBI:35722
sulfated glycosaminoglycan
glycosaminoglycan sulfate
ChEBI
glycosaminoglycan sulfates
ChEBI
sulfated glycosaminoglycans
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
carbohydrate sulfates
carbohydrate sulphates
CHEBI:35724
carbohydrate sulfate
carbohydrate sulfates
ChEBI
carbohydrate sulphates
ChEBI
A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated.
CHEBI:13657
CHEBI:25382
CHEBI:3407
KEGG:C00060
chebi_ontology
Carboxylate
Monocarboxylate
a monocarboxylate
monocarboxylates
monocarboxylic acid anions
CHEBI:35757
monocarboxylic acid anion
Carboxylate
KEGG_COMPOUND
Monocarboxylate
KEGG_COMPOUND
a monocarboxylate
UniProt
monocarboxylates
ChEBI
monocarboxylic acid anions
ChEBI
pnictogen hydride
chebi_ontology
pnictogen hydrides
CHEBI:35881
pnictogen hydride
pnictogen hydride
ChEBI
pnictogen hydrides
ChEBI
A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
chebi_ontology
neurotransmitter agents
CHEBI:35942
neurotransmitter agent
neurotransmitter agents
ChEBI
CHEBI:22867
CHEBI:50419
LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04
chebi_ontology
bile acids and derivatives
cholanoids
CHEBI:36078
cholanoid
LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04
LIPID MAPS
bile acids and derivatives
LIPID_MAPS
cholanoids
ChEBI
A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.
CHEBI:13677
CHEBI:14911
proteins
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:36080
protein
proteins
IUPAC
chebi_ontology
bile acid anions
CHEBI:36235
bile acid anion
bile acid anions
ChEBI
A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.
CAS:25312-65-6
Patent:JP2008069152
Reaxys:13246008
cholan-24-oic acid
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:36237
cholanic acid
CAS:25312-65-6
ChemIDplus
Reaxys:13246008
Reaxys
cholan-24-oic acid
IUPAC
Beilstein:3214794
CAS:546-18-9
LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441
5beta-cholan-24-oic acid
5beta-cholanic acid
chebi_ontology
(5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid
(5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid
5beta-cholanoic acid
ursocholanic acid
CHEBI:36238
5beta-cholanic acid
Beilstein:3214794
Beilstein
CAS:546-18-9
ChemIDplus
LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441
LIPID MAPS
5beta-cholan-24-oic acid
IUPAC
5beta-cholanic acid
ChemIDplus
(5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid
ChemIDplus
(5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid
ChemIDplus
5beta-cholanoic acid
ChemIDplus
ursocholanic acid
ChemIDplus
Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5beta-cholane skeleton.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:36248
5beta-cholanic acids
A salt of a bile acid.
chebi_ontology
bile acid salts
CHEBI:36277
bile acid salt
bile acid salts
ChEBI
CHEBI:23166
CHEBI:23211
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:36278
cholanic acids
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin).
chebi_ontology
leptons
CHEBI:36338
lepton
leptons
ChEBI
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy).
chebi_ontology
baryons
CHEBI:36339
baryon
baryons
ChEBI
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi.
fermion
chebi_ontology
fermions
CHEBI:36340
fermion
fermion
IUPAC
fermions
ChEBI
Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose.
boson
chebi_ontology
bosons
CHEBI:36341
boson
boson
IUPAC
bosons
ChEBI
A particle smaller than an atom.
Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle
chebi_ontology
subatomic particles
CHEBI:36342
subatomic particle
subatomic particles
ChEBI
A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles).
chebi_ontology
composite particles
CHEBI:36343
composite particle
composite particles
ChEBI
Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force.
chebi_ontology
hadrons
CHEBI:36344
hadron
hadrons
ChEBI
A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states.
nuclear particle
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:36347
nuclear particle
nuclear particle
IUPAC
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
chebi_ontology
polyatomic entities
CHEBI:36357
polyatomic entity
polyatomic entities
ChEBI
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
chebi_ontology
polyatomic ions
CHEBI:36358
polyatomic ion
polyatomic ions
ChEBI
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
carbonyl compounds
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:36586
carbonyl compound
carbonyl compounds
IUPAC
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
oxo compounds
chebi_ontology
organic oxo compounds
CHEBI:36587
organic oxo compound
oxo compounds
IUPAC
organic oxo compounds
ChEBI
Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:36735
biladienes
chalcogen hydride
chebi_ontology
chalcogen hydrides
CHEBI:36902
chalcogen hydride
chalcogen hydride
ChEBI
chalcogen hydrides
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
inorganic ions
CHEBI:36914
inorganic ion
inorganic ions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
inorganic cations
CHEBI:36915
inorganic cation
inorganic cations
ChEBI
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
CHEBI:23058
CHEBI:3473
KEGG:C01373
Cation
cation
chebi_ontology
Kation
Kationen
cationes
cations
CHEBI:36916
cation
Cation
KEGG_COMPOUND
cation
ChEBI
cation
IUPAC
Kation
ChEBI
Kationen
ChEBI
cationes
ChEBI
cations
ChEBI
chalcocarbonic acid
chalcocarbonic acids
chebi_ontology
chalcocarbonic acids
CHEBI:36961
chalcocarbonic acid
chalcocarbonic acid
ChEBI
chalcocarbonic acids
IUPAC
chalcocarbonic acids
ChEBI
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
organochalcogen compound
chebi_ontology
organochalcogen compounds
CHEBI:36962
organochalcogen compound
organochalcogen compound
ChEBI
organochalcogen compounds
ChEBI
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
PMID:17586126
organooxygen compound
chebi_ontology
organooxygen compounds
CHEBI:36963
organooxygen compound
PMID:17586126
Europe PMC
organooxygen compound
ChEBI
organooxygen compounds
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
amino acid anion
amino acid anions
amino-acid anions
CHEBI:37022
amino-acid anion
amino acid anion
ChEBI
amino acid anions
ChEBI
amino-acid anions
ChEBI
A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues.
CHEBI:24255
CHEBI:5392
CAS:9037-91-6
KEGG:C01379
Glucan
glucan
chebi_ontology
glucans
CHEBI:37163
glucan
CAS:9037-91-6
ChemIDplus
Glucan
KEGG_COMPOUND
glucan
IUPAC
glucans
ChEBI
Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'.
homopolysaccharide
chebi_ontology
homoglycan
homopolysaccharides
CHEBI:37164
homopolysaccharide
homopolysaccharide
IUPAC
homoglycan
IUPAC
homopolysaccharides
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
organic hydrides
CHEBI:37175
organic hydride
organic hydrides
ChEBI
mononuclear parent hydrides
chebi_ontology
mononuclear hydride
mononuclear hydrides
CHEBI:37176
mononuclear parent hydride
mononuclear parent hydrides
IUPAC
mononuclear hydride
ChEBI
mononuclear hydrides
IUPAC
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:37246
elemental sodium
Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid.
CHEBI:25425
CHEBI:7011
KEGG:C05114
Mucopolysaccharide
mucopolysaccharides
chebi_ontology
Mucopolysaccharid
Mukopolysaccharid
mucopolisacarido
mucopolisacaridos
CHEBI:37395
mucopolysaccharide
Mucopolysaccharide
KEGG_COMPOUND
mucopolysaccharides
IUPAC
Mucopolysaccharid
ChEBI
Mukopolysaccharid
ChEBI
mucopolisacarido
ChEBI
mucopolisacaridos
IUPAC
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
CHEBI:13800
CHEBI:13801
CHEBI:22209
CHEBI:2426
KEGG:C00174
Acid
acid
chebi_ontology
Saeure
Saeuren
acide
acido
acids
CHEBI:37527
acid
Acid
KEGG_COMPOUND
acid
IUPAC
Saeure
ChEBI
Saeuren
ChEBI
acide
IUPAC
acido
ChEBI
acids
ChEBI
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
chebi_ontology
chemical compound
heteroatomic molecular entities
CHEBI:37577
heteroatomic molecular entity
chemical compound
ChEBI
heteroatomic molecular entities
ChEBI
An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.
CHEBI:35354
CHEBI:35355
carboxamides
chebi_ontology
carboxamides
primary carboxamide
CHEBI:37622
carboxamide
carboxamides
IUPAC
carboxamides
ChEBI
primary carboxamide
ChEBI
glucopyranose
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:37661
glucopyranose
glucopyranose
IUPAC
sulfuric acid derivative
chebi_ontology
sulfuric acid derivatives
CHEBI:37826
sulfuric acid derivative
sulfuric acid derivative
ChEBI
sulfuric acid derivatives
ChEBI
A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
carboacyl groups
carboxylic acyl group
chebi_ontology
carboxylic acyl groups
CHEBI:37838
carboacyl group
carboacyl groups
IUPAC
carboxylic acyl group
IUPAC
carboxylic acyl groups
IUPAC
An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors.
chebi_ontology
adrenergic agonists
adrenergic receptor agonist
adrenoceptor agonists
adrenomimetic
adrenomimetics
CHEBI:37886
adrenergic agonist
adrenergic agonists
ChEBI
adrenergic receptor agonist
ChEBI
adrenoceptor agonists
IUPHAR
adrenomimetic
ChEBI
adrenomimetics
ChEBI
Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter.
chebi_ontology
adrenergic agents
adrenergic drug
adrenergic drugs
adrenergic neuron agents
adrenergics
CHEBI:37962
adrenergic agent
adrenergic agents
ChEBI
adrenergic drug
ChEBI
adrenergic drugs
ChEBI
adrenergic neuron agents
ChEBI
adrenergics
ChEBI
A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units.
Beilstein:8538310
chebi_ontology
PPys
poly(pyrrole)s
polypyrroles
CHEBI:38077
polypyrrole
Beilstein:8538310
Beilstein
PPys
ChEBI
poly(pyrrole)s
ChEBI
polypyrroles
ChEBI
Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.
chebi_ontology
heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds
organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds
CHEBI:38101
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds
ChEBI
organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds
ChEBI
CHEBI:25429
CHEBI:38075
chebi_ontology
organic heteropolycyclic compounds
CHEBI:38166
organic heteropolycyclic compound
organic heteropolycyclic compounds
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
polycyclic heteroarenes
CHEBI:38180
polycyclic heteroarene
polycyclic heteroarenes
ChEBI
Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons.
chebi_ontology
cholinergic agent
cholinergic drugs
cholinomimetic
CHEBI:38323
cholinergic drug
cholinergic agent
ChEBI
cholinergic drugs
ChEBI
cholinomimetic
ChEBI
Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors.
chebi_ontology
acetylcholine agonist
acetylcholine agonists
acetylcholine receptor agonist
cholinergic agonists
cholinomimetic
cholinomimetics
CHEBI:38324
cholinergic agonist
acetylcholine agonist
ChEBI
acetylcholine agonists
ChEBI
acetylcholine receptor agonist
IUPHAR
cholinergic agonists
ChEBI
cholinomimetic
ChEBI
cholinomimetics
ChEBI
Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor.
chebi_ontology
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
muscarinic agonists
muscarinic cholinergic agonist
muscarinic cholinergic agonists
CHEBI:38325
muscarinic agonist
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
ChEBI
muscarinic agonists
ChEBI
muscarinic cholinergic agonist
ChEBI
muscarinic cholinergic agonists
ChEBI
CHEBI:22503
CHEBI:24792
chebi_ontology
aminoalkylindoles
CHEBI:38631
aminoalkylindole
aminoalkylindoles
ChEBI
organic sodium salt
chebi_ontology
organic sodium salts
CHEBI:38700
organic sodium salt
organic sodium salt
ChEBI
organic sodium salts
ChEBI
Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group.
carboxylic acid dianion
chebi_ontology
carboxylic acid dianions
CHEBI:38716
carboxylic acid dianion
carboxylic acid dianion
ChEBI
carboxylic acid dianions
ChEBI
An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.
CHEBI:24795
CHEBI:5901
KEGG:C06073
Wikipedia:Indole_alkaloid
Indole alkaloid
chebi_ontology
indole alkaloids
CHEBI:38958
indole alkaloid
Indole alkaloid
KEGG_COMPOUND
indole alkaloids
ChEBI
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
Bronsted acid
chebi_ontology
Bronsted-Saeure
acide de Bronsted
donneur d'hydron
hydron donor
CHEBI:39141
Bronsted acid
Bronsted acid
IUPAC
Bronsted-Saeure
ChEBI
acide de Bronsted
IUPAC
donneur d'hydron
IUPAC
hydron donor
IUPAC
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid).
Bronsted base
chebi_ontology
Bronsted-Base
accepteur d'hydron
base de Bronsted
hydron acceptor
CHEBI:39142
Bronsted base
Bronsted base
IUPAC
Bronsted-Base
ChEBI
accepteur d'hydron
IUPAC
base de Bronsted
IUPAC
hydron acceptor
IUPAC
A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct.
Lewis base
chebi_ontology
Lewis-Base
base de Lewis
donneur d'une paire d'electrons
electron donor
CHEBI:39144
Lewis base
Lewis base
IUPAC
Lewis-Base
ChEBI
base de Lewis
IUPAC
donneur d'une paire d'electrons
ChEBI
electron donor
ChEBI
CHEBI:29201
CHEBI:41605
Beilstein:3600898
CAS:3812-32-6
Gmelin:1559
PDBeChem:CO3
carbonate
trioxidocarbonate(2-)
chebi_ontology
CARBONATE ION
CO3(2-)
Karbonat
[CO3](2-)
CHEBI:41609
carbonate
Beilstein:3600898
Beilstein
CAS:3812-32-6
ChemIDplus
Gmelin:1559
Gmelin
carbonate
IUPAC
trioxidocarbonate(2-)
IUPAC
CARBONATE ION
PDBeChem
CO3(2-)
ChEBI
Karbonat
ChEBI
[CO3](2-)
IUPAC
A glucopyranose having D-configuration.
CAS:2280-44-6
GlyGen:G15021LG
GlyTouCan:G15021LG
Gmelin:83256
HMDB:HMDB0000122
KEGG:C00031
KEGG:D00009
KNApSAcK:C00001122
MetaCyc:D-Glucose
PMID:15987845
PMID:16901854
PMID:17336832
PMID:17439666
PMID:17928662
PMID:19913595
PMID:26812026
PMID:32619908
PMID:7524207
PMID:9140037
PMID:9501190
PMID:9506998
PMID:9545565
Reaxys:1281604
Wikipedia:Glucose
D-glucopyranose
chebi_ontology
D-Glc
D-Glcp
D-Glucose
D-glucose
Dextrose
Glc-OH
Glucose
Grape sugar
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a2122h-1x_1-5]/1/
glucose
CHEBI:4167
D-glucopyranose
CAS:2280-44-6
ChemIDplus
Gmelin:83256
Gmelin
PMID:15987845
Europe PMC
PMID:16901854
Europe PMC
PMID:17336832
Europe PMC
PMID:17439666
Europe PMC
PMID:17928662
Europe PMC
PMID:19913595
Europe PMC
PMID:26812026
Europe PMC
PMID:32619908
Europe PMC
PMID:7524207
Europe PMC
PMID:9140037
Europe PMC
PMID:9501190
Europe PMC
PMID:9506998
Europe PMC
PMID:9545565
Europe PMC
Reaxys:1281604
Reaxys
D-glucopyranose
IUPAC
D-Glc
ChEBI
D-Glcp
ChEBI
D-Glucose
KEGG_COMPOUND
D-glucose
UniProt
Dextrose
KEGG_COMPOUND
Glc-OH
ChEBI
Glucose
KEGG_COMPOUND
Grape sugar
KEGG_COMPOUND
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a2122h-1x_1-5]/1/
GlyTouCan
glucose
ChEBI
A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.
KEGG:C00738
D-Hexose
D-hexopyranose
chebi_ontology
D-hexoses
a D-hexose
CHEBI:4194
D-hexose
D-Hexose
KEGG_COMPOUND
D-hexopyranose
IUPAC
D-hexoses
ChEBI
a D-hexose
UniProt
CHEBI:24706
CHEBI:43171
PDBeChem:OH
HYDROXY GROUP
hydroxy
hydroxy group
chebi_ontology
-OH
hydroxyl
hydroxyl group
CHEBI:43176
hydroxy group
HYDROXY GROUP
PDBeChem
hydroxy
IUPAC
hydroxy group
UniProt
-OH
IUPAC
hydroxyl
ChEBI
hydroxyl group
ChEBI
CHEBI:29199
CHEBI:45693
Gmelin:2121
hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-)
hydrogensulfate
hydrogensulfate(1-)
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-)
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI)
hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-)
chebi_ontology
HSO4(-)
HYDROGEN SULFATE
[SO3(OH)](-)
CHEBI:45696
hydrogensulfate
Gmelin:2121
Gmelin
hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogensulfate
IUPAC
hydrogensulfate(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-)
IUPAC
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI)
IUPAC
hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-)
IUPAC
HSO4(-)
IUPAC
HYDROGEN SULFATE
PDBeChem
[SO3(OH)](-)
IUPAC
CHEBI:29353
CHEBI:44607
PDBeChem:O
OXO GROUP
oxo
chebi_ontology
=O
CHEBI:46629
oxo group
OXO GROUP
PDBeChem
oxo
IUPAC
=O
IUPAC
A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition.
Wikipedia:Solvent
chebi_ontology
Loesungsmittel
solvant
solvents
CHEBI:46787
solvent
Loesungsmittel
ChEBI
solvant
ChEBI
solvents
ChEBI
CHEBI:23025
CHEBI:41420
PDBeChem:FMT
CARBOXY GROUP
carboxy
chebi_ontology
-C(O)OH
-CO2H
-COOH
carboxyl group
CHEBI:46883
carboxy group
CARBOXY GROUP
PDBeChem
carboxy
IUPAC
-C(O)OH
IUPAC
-CO2H
ChEBI
-COOH
IUPAC
carboxyl group
ChEBI
Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
CHEBI:13244
CHEBI:13799
CHEBI:22189
CHEBI:2406
KEGG:C01883
Wikipedia:Acetate#Esters
chebi_ontology
Acetic ester
Acetyl ester
acetate
acetate esters
acetates
acetyl esters
an acetyl ester
CHEBI:47622
acetate ester
Acetic ester
KEGG_COMPOUND
Acetyl ester
KEGG_COMPOUND
acetate
ChEBI
acetate esters
ChEBI
acetates
ChEBI
acetyl esters
ChEBI
an acetyl ester
UniProt
Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group.
chebi_ontology
steroid acids
CHEBI:47891
steroid acid
steroid acids
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
Schwefeloxide
oxides of sulfur
sulfur oxides
CHEBI:48154
sulfur oxide
Schwefeloxide
ChEBI
oxides of sulfur
ChEBI
sulfur oxides
ChEBI
A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds.
polar solvent
chebi_ontology
polar solvents
CHEBI:48354
polar solvent
polar solvent
IUPAC
polar solvents
ChEBI
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
protogenic solvent
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:48356
protic solvent
protogenic solvent
IUPAC
Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor.
chebi_ontology
alpha-adrenergic drugs
CHEBI:48539
alpha-adrenergic drug
alpha-adrenergic drugs
ChEBI
Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own.
agonist
chebi_ontology
agonista
agoniste
agonists
CHEBI:48705
agonist
agonist
IUPAC
agonista
ChEBI
agoniste
ChEBI
agonists
ChEBI
CHEBI:24634
CHEBI:49636
WebElements:H
hydrogen
chebi_ontology
1H
H
Wasserstoff
hidrogeno
hydrogen
hydrogene
CHEBI:49637
hydrogen atom
hydrogen
IUPAC
1H
IUPAC
H
IUPAC
Wasserstoff
ChEBI
hidrogeno
ChEBI
hydrogen
ChEBI
hydrogene
ChEBI
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
chebi_ontology
organic amino compounds
CHEBI:50047
organic amino compound
organic amino compounds
ChEBI
Any anion formed by loss of a proton from a steroid acid.
chebi_ontology
steroid acid anions
CHEBI:50160
steroid acid anion
steroid acid anions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
canonical nucleotide residues
CHEBI:50297
canonical nucleotide residue
canonical nucleotide residues
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
canonical ribonucleotide residues
CHEBI:50299
canonical ribonucleotide residue
canonical ribonucleotide residues
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:50312
onium compound
Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.
onium cations
chebi_ontology
onium cations
onium ion
onium ions
CHEBI:50313
onium cation
onium cations
IUPAC
onium cations
ChEBI
onium ion
ChEBI
onium ions
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
nucleotide residues
CHEBI:50319
nucleotide residue
nucleotide residues
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
nucleoside residues
CHEBI:50320
nucleoside residue
nucleoside residues
ChEBI
Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:50514
vasoconstrictor agent
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
CHEBI:25700
CHEBI:33244
chebi_ontology
organic compounds
organic entity
organic molecular entities
CHEBI:50860
organic molecular entity
organic compounds
ChEBI
organic entity
ChEBI
organic molecular entities
ChEBI
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:50906
role
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
CHEBI:50911
Wikipedia:Neurotoxin
chebi_ontology
agente neurotoxico
nerve poison
nerve poisons
neurotoxic agent
neurotoxic agents
neurotoxicant
neurotoxins
CHEBI:50910
neurotoxin
agente neurotoxico
ChEBI
nerve poison
ChEBI
nerve poisons
ChEBI
neurotoxic agent
ChEBI
neurotoxic agents
ChEBI
neurotoxicant
ChEBI
neurotoxins
ChEBI
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.
chebi_ontology
primary amino compounds
CHEBI:50994
primary amino compound
primary amino compounds
ChEBI
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:51086
chemical role
CHEBI:25556
CHEBI:7594
KEGG:C06061
chebi_ontology
Nitrogenous compounds
nitrogen compounds
nitrogen molecular entities
CHEBI:51143
nitrogen molecular entity
Nitrogenous compounds
KEGG_COMPOUND
nitrogen compounds
ChEBI
nitrogen molecular entities
ChEBI
An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.
chebi_ontology
dipolar compounds
CHEBI:51151
dipolar compound
dipolar compounds
ChEBI
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s).
chebi_ontology
organodiyl groups
CHEBI:51422
organodiyl group
organodiyl groups
ChEBI
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:51446
organic divalent group
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:51447
organic univalent group
chebi_ontology
organic polycyclic compounds
CHEBI:51958
organic polycyclic compound
organic polycyclic compounds
ChEBI
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:52206
biochemical role
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.
chebi_ontology
etiopathogenetic agent
etiopathogenetic role
CHEBI:52209
aetiopathogenetic role
etiopathogenetic agent
ChEBI
etiopathogenetic role
ChEBI
A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:52210
pharmacological role
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:52211
physiological role
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
CHEBI:33293
CHEBI:33294
chebi_ontology
farmaco
medicament
pharmaceuticals
CHEBI:52217
pharmaceutical
farmaco
ChEBI
medicament
ChEBI
pharmaceuticals
ChEBI
An organic group that consists of a closed ring. It may be a substituent or a skeleton.
chebi_ontology
cyclic organic groups
CHEBI:52845
cyclic organic group
cyclic organic groups
ChEBI
The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds.
chebi_ontology
antigenic determinant
epitope function
epitope role
CHEBI:53000
epitope
antigenic determinant
ChEBI
epitope function
ChEBI
epitope role
ChEBI
A polymer carrying multiple negative charges.
chebi_ontology
polyanion
polyanions
CHEBI:53309
polyanionic macromolecule
polyanion
ChEBI
polyanions
SUBMITTER
A macromolecule containing ionic groups.
chebi_ontology
ionic polymer
polyionic macromolecule
CHEBI:53368
ionic macromolecule
ionic polymer
ChEBI
polyionic macromolecule
ChEBI
A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.
CAS:16941-32-5
CAS:9007-92-5
DrugBank:DB00040
Drug_Central:2994
KEGG:C01501
KEGG:D00116
PMID:21940356
PMID:22014161
PMID:22154917
PMID:22166985
PMID:22167521
PMID:22214853
PMID:22227186
PMID:22286080
PMID:22294753
PMID:22318544
PMID:22334714
PMID:22399501
PMID:22438981
PMID:22454291
Reaxys:13191924
Wikipedia:Glucagon
Glucagon
L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine
chebi_ontology
Glucagone
HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT
His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr
His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr
glucagon
glucagonum
CHEBI:5391
glucagon
CAS:16941-32-5
ChemIDplus
CAS:9007-92-5
ChemIDplus
CAS:9007-92-5
KEGG COMPOUND
Drug_Central:2994
DrugCentral
PMID:21940356
Europe PMC
PMID:22014161
Europe PMC
PMID:22154917
Europe PMC
PMID:22166985
Europe PMC
PMID:22167521
Europe PMC
PMID:22214853
Europe PMC
PMID:22227186
Europe PMC
PMID:22286080
Europe PMC
PMID:22294753
Europe PMC
PMID:22318544
Europe PMC
PMID:22334714
Europe PMC
PMID:22399501
Europe PMC
PMID:22438981
Europe PMC
PMID:22454291
Europe PMC
Reaxys:13191924
Reaxys
Glucagon
KEGG_COMPOUND
L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine
IUPAC
Glucagone
ChemIDplus
HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT
ChEBI
His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr
ChEBI
His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr
ChemIDplus
glucagon
ChemIDplus
glucagonum
ChemIDplus
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.
Heterocyclic compound
chebi_ontology
compuesto heterociclico
compuestos heterociclicos
heterocycle
heterocyclic compounds
CHEBI:5686
heterocyclic compound
Heterocyclic compound
KEGG_COMPOUND
compuesto heterociclico
IUPAC
compuestos heterociclicos
IUPAC
heterocycle
ChEBI
heterocyclic compounds
ChEBI
An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tryptamine arising from protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3.
Gmelin:533978
2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium
chebi_ontology
tryptamine
tryptaminium cation
tryptaminium(1+)
CHEBI:57887
tryptaminium
Gmelin:533978
Gmelin
2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium
IUPAC
tryptamine
UniProt
tryptaminium cation
ChEBI
tryptaminium(1+)
ChEBI
A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of bilirubin; major species at pH 7.3.
Beilstein:4083310
chebi_ontology
(4Z,15Z)-bilirubin IXalpha
2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate
bilirubin dianion
CHEBI:57977
bilirubin(2-)
Beilstein:4083310
Beilstein
(4Z,15Z)-bilirubin IXalpha
UniProt
2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate
ChEBI
bilirubin dianion
ChEBI
An amino-acid residue protonated on nitrogen.
chebi_ontology
amino acid cation residue
amino acid cation residues
amino-acid cation residue
amino-acid cation residues
cationic amino acid residue
cationic amino acid residues
cationic amino-acid residues
CHEBI:58942
cationic amino-acid residue
amino acid cation residue
ChEBI
amino acid cation residues
ChEBI
amino-acid cation residue
ChEBI
amino-acid cation residues
ChEBI
cationic amino acid residue
ChEBI
cationic amino acid residues
ChEBI
cationic amino-acid residues
ChEBI
An organic anion of general formula RS(=O)2O(-) where R is an organyl group.
chebi_ontology
organosulfate oxoanions
CHEBI:58958
organosulfate oxoanion
organosulfate oxoanions
ChEBI
An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound.
chebi_ontology
acyclic tetrapyrrole anion
acyclic tetrapyrrole anions
linear tetrapyrrole anions
CHEBI:59252
linear tetrapyrrole anion
acyclic tetrapyrrole anion
ChEBI
acyclic tetrapyrrole anions
ChEBI
linear tetrapyrrole anions
ChEBI
A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons.
chebi_ontology
nucleophile
nucleophiles
nucleophilic reagents
CHEBI:59740
nucleophilic reagent
nucleophile
ChEBI
nucleophiles
ChEBI
nucleophilic reagents
ChEBI
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
chebi_ontology
Chemische Substanz
CHEBI:59999
chemical substance
Chemische Substanz
ChEBI
A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.
chebi_ontology
Mischung
CHEBI:60004
mixture
Mischung
ChEBI
A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc..
Wikipedia:Polymer
Polymer
chebi_ontology
Kunststoff
CHEBI:60027
polymer
Polymer
ChEBI
Kunststoff
ChEBI
An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules.
chebi_ontology
polyionic polymer
CHEBI:60164
ionic polymer
polyionic polymer
ChEBI
An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.
chebi_ontology
a monovalent cation
CHEBI:60242
monovalent inorganic cation
a monovalent cation
UniProt
Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged.
chebi_ontology
a peptide
peptide zwitterions
CHEBI:60466
peptide zwitterion
a peptide
UniProt
peptide zwitterions
ChEBI
Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part.
chebi_ontology
nucleobase-containing compound
nucleobase-containing compounds
nucleobase-containing molecular entities
CHEBI:61120
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
nucleobase-containing compound
SUBMITTER
nucleobase-containing compounds
ChEBI
nucleobase-containing molecular entities
ChEBI
A polymer, composed of polyanion macromolecules.
chebi_ontology
polyanion
polyanions
CHEBI:61469
polyanionic polymer
polyanion
ChEBI
polyanions
ChEBI
A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction.
chebi_ontology
oxidant
oxidants
oxidiser
oxidisers
oxidising agents
oxidizer
oxidizers
oxidizing agent
oxidizing agents
CHEBI:63248
oxidising agent
oxidant
ChEBI
oxidants
ChEBI
oxidiser
ChEBI
oxidisers
ChEBI
oxidising agents
ChEBI
oxidizer
ChEBI
oxidizers
ChEBI
oxidizing agent
ChEBI
oxidizing agents
ChEBI
Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds.
chebi_ontology
carbohydrate derivatives
derivatised carbohydrate
derivatised carbohydrates
derivatized carbohydrate
derivatized carbohydrates
CHEBI:63299
carbohydrate derivative
carbohydrate derivatives
ChEBI
derivatised carbohydrate
ChEBI
derivatised carbohydrates
ChEBI
derivatized carbohydrate
ChEBI
derivatized carbohydrates
ChEBI
A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid.
chebi_ontology
carbohydrate acid derivatives
CHEBI:63436
carbohydrate acid derivative
carbohydrate acid derivatives
ChEBI
An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes.
PMID:21822758
PMID:21993877
PMID:22005599
PMID:22082101
PMID:22153577
PMID:22213370
PMID:22218931
PMID:22342987
PMID:22371656
chebi_ontology
monoamines
naturally occurring monoamine
naturally occurring monoamines
CHEBI:63534
monoamine
PMID:21822758
Europe PMC
PMID:21993877
Europe PMC
PMID:22005599
Europe PMC
PMID:22082101
Europe PMC
PMID:22153577
Europe PMC
PMID:22213370
Europe PMC
PMID:22218931
Europe PMC
PMID:22342987
Europe PMC
PMID:22371656
Europe PMC
monoamines
ChEBI
naturally occurring monoamine
ChEBI
naturally occurring monoamines
ChEBI
A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative.
chebi_ontology
carbohydrate acid anion derivative
carbohydrate acid anion derivatives
carbohydrate acid derivative anions
CHEBI:63551
carbohydrate acid derivative anion
carbohydrate acid anion derivative
ChEBI
carbohydrate acid anion derivatives
ChEBI
carbohydrate acid derivative anions
ChEBI
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
Wikipedia:Food_additive
chebi_ontology
food additives
CHEBI:64047
food additive
food additives
ChEBI
A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents.
Wikipedia:Acidity_regulator
chebi_ontology
acidity regulator
acidity regulators
food acidity regulators
pH control agent
pH control agents
CHEBI:64049
food acidity regulator
acidity regulator
ChEBI
acidity regulators
ChEBI
food acidity regulators
ChEBI
pH control agent
ChEBI
pH control agents
ChEBI
An organic amino compound in which an aminoalkyl group is linked to an arene.
chebi_ontology
aralkylamino compounds
CHEBI:64365
aralkylamino compound
aralkylamino compounds
ChEBI
A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14.
CAS:38916-34-6
Drug_Central:2997
HMDB:HMDB0013072
KEGG:C16022
KEGG:D07431
LINCS:LSM-5326
PMID:21922516
PMID:22129035
PMID:22147011
PMID:22251942
PMID:22483686
PMID:22509294
Reaxys:10148626
Wikipedia:Somatostatin
L-alanyl-N-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-31-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13,25,28-tribenzyl-4-carboxy-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontan-37-yl]glycinamide
chebi_ontology
Ala-Gly-cyclo-[Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys]
L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide
Somatostatin-1
Somatostatin-14
Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone
somatostatin
somatostatina
somatostatine
somatostatinum
CHEBI:64628
somatostatin
CAS:38916-34-6
ChemIDplus
CAS:38916-34-6
KEGG DRUG
Drug_Central:2997
DrugCentral
PMID:21922516
Europe PMC
PMID:22129035
Europe PMC
PMID:22147011
Europe PMC
PMID:22251942
Europe PMC
PMID:22483686
Europe PMC
PMID:22509294
Europe PMC
Reaxys:10148626
Reaxys
L-alanyl-N-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-31-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13,25,28-tribenzyl-4-carboxy-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontan-37-yl]glycinamide
IUPAC
Ala-Gly-cyclo-[Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys]
ChEBI
L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide
ChemIDplus
Somatostatin-1
KEGG_COMPOUND
Somatostatin-14
KEGG_COMPOUND
Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone
ChemIDplus
somatostatin
KEGG_DRUG
somatostatina
ChemIDplus
somatostatine
ChemIDplus
somatostatinum
ChemIDplus
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
chebi_ontology
one-carbon compounds
CHEBI:64708
one-carbon compound
one-carbon compounds
ChEBI
Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.
chebi_ontology
organic acids
CHEBI:64709
organic acid
organic acids
ChEBI
A group that carries an overall positive charge.
chebi_ontology
cationic groups
CHEBI:64766
cationic group
cationic groups
ChEBI
A group that carries an overall negative charge.
chebi_ontology
anionic groups
CHEBI:64767
anionic group
anionic groups
ChEBI
A cationic group that contains carbon.
chebi_ontology
organic cationic groups
CHEBI:64769
organic cationic group
organic cationic groups
ChEBI
An anionic group that contains carbon.
chebi_ontology
organic anionic groups
CHEBI:64775
organic anionic group
organic anionic groups
ChEBI
An amino-acid residue carrying an overall negative charge.
chebi_ontology
amino acid anion residue
amino acid anion residues
amino-acid anion residue
amino-acid anion residues
anionic amino acid residue
anionic amino acid residues
CHEBI:64898
anionic amino-acid residue
amino acid anion residue
ChEBI
amino acid anion residues
ChEBI
amino-acid anion residue
ChEBI
amino-acid anion residues
ChEBI
anionic amino acid residue
ChEBI
anionic amino acid residues
ChEBI
Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
Wikipedia:Poison
chebi_ontology
poisonous agent
poisonous agents
poisonous substance
poisonous substances
poisons
toxic agent
toxic agents
toxic substance
toxic substances
CHEBI:64909
poison
poisonous agent
ChEBI
poisonous agents
ChEBI
poisonous substance
ChEBI
poisonous substances
ChEBI
poisons
ChEBI
toxic agent
ChEBI
toxic agents
ChEBI
toxic substance
ChEBI
toxic substances
ChEBI
A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide.
chebi_ontology
polysaccharide derivatives
CHEBI:65212
polysaccharide derivative
polysaccharide derivatives
ChEBI
Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
chebi_ontology
food preservatives
CHEBI:65255
food preservative
food preservatives
ChEBI
A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299).
chebi_ontology
antimicrobial food preservatives
antimicrobial preservative
antimicrobial preservatives
CHEBI:65256
antimicrobial food preservative
antimicrobial food preservatives
ChEBI
antimicrobial preservative
ChEBI
antimicrobial preservatives
ChEBI
An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3.
chebi_ontology
a primary amine
substituted ammonium
CHEBI:65296
primary ammonium ion
a primary amine
UniProt
substituted ammonium
ChEBI
Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
chebi_ontology
anti-inflammatory agents
antiinflammatory agent
antiinflammatory agents
CHEBI:67079
anti-inflammatory agent
anti-inflammatory agents
ChEBI
antiinflammatory agent
ChEBI
antiinflammatory agents
ChEBI
An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of (R)-noradrenaline, obtained by protonation of the priamry amino group; major species at pH 7.3.
PDBeChem:E5E
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanaminium
chebi_ontology
(R)-noradrenaline
(R)-noradrenaline cation
(R)-noradrenalinium cation
(R)-noradrenalinium(1+)
CHEBI:72587
(R)-noradrenaline(1+)
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanaminium
IUPAC
(R)-noradrenaline
UniProt
(R)-noradrenaline cation
ChEBI
(R)-noradrenalinium cation
ChEBI
(R)-noradrenalinium(1+)
ChEBI
Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
chebi_ontology
organic compound
organic compounds
organic molecules
CHEBI:72695
organic molecule
organic compound
ChEBI
organic compounds
ChEBI
organic molecules
ChEBI
A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment.
MetaCyc:Exopolysaccharides
PMID:11160795
PMID:11785425
PMID:1444258
PMID:15738217
PMID:16075348
PMID:17440912
PMID:18097339
PMID:19453747
PMID:20172021
PMID:20631870
PMID:20718297
PMID:2688547
PMID:6354590
Wikipedia:Exopolysaccharide
Wikipedia:Extracellular_polymeric_substance
chebi_ontology
exopolysaccharides
extracellular polymeric substance
extracellular polymeric substances
CHEBI:72813
exopolysaccharide
PMID:11160795
Europe PMC
PMID:11785425
Europe PMC
PMID:1444258
Europe PMC
PMID:15738217
Europe PMC
PMID:16075348
Europe PMC
PMID:17440912
Europe PMC
PMID:18097339
Europe PMC
PMID:19453747
Europe PMC
PMID:20172021
Europe PMC
PMID:20631870
Europe PMC
PMID:20718297
Europe PMC
PMID:2688547
Europe PMC
PMID:6354590
Europe PMC
exopolysaccharides
ChEBI
extracellular polymeric substance
ChEBI
extracellular polymeric substances
ChEBI
A mancude heterobicyclic organic group consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:73398
indole skeleton
A bicyclic organic group that contains both carbon and hetero atoms.
chebi_ontology
organic heterobicyclic rings
CHEBI:73541
organic heterobicyclic ring
organic heterobicyclic rings
ChEBI
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
chebi_ontology
eukaryotic metabolites
CHEBI:75763
eukaryotic metabolite
eukaryotic metabolites
ChEBI
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
CHEBI:77721
CHEBI:77743
chebi_ontology
animal metabolites
CHEBI:75767
animal metabolite
animal metabolites
ChEBI
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
CHEBI:77464
CHEBI:77744
chebi_ontology
mammalian metabolites
CHEBI:75768
mammalian metabolite
mammalian metabolites
ChEBI
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
chebi_ontology
Mus musculus metabolite
Mus musculus metabolites
mouse metabolites
CHEBI:75771
mouse metabolite
Mus musculus metabolite
ChEBI
Mus musculus metabolites
ChEBI
mouse metabolites
ChEBI
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
CHEBI:76949
CHEBI:76951
chebi_ontology
S. cerevisiae metabolite
S. cerevisiae metabolites
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
baker's yeast metabolite
baker's yeast metabolites
baker's yeast secondary metabolite
baker's yeast secondary metabolites
CHEBI:75772
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
S. cerevisiae metabolite
ChEBI
S. cerevisiae metabolites
ChEBI
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite
ChEBI
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites
ChEBI
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites
ChEBI
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
ChEBI
baker's yeast metabolite
ChEBI
baker's yeast metabolites
ChEBI
baker's yeast secondary metabolite
ChEBI
baker's yeast secondary metabolites
ChEBI
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
chebi_ontology
prokaryotic metabolites
CHEBI:75787
prokaryotic metabolite
prokaryotic metabolites
ChEBI
Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound.
chebi_ontology
xenobiotic metabolites
CHEBI:76206
xenobiotic metabolite
xenobiotic metabolites
ChEBI
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*).
Wikipedia:Hydrolase
chebi_ontology
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.* inhibitor
EC 3.* inhibitors
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors
hydrolase inhibitor
hydrolase inhibitors
CHEBI:76759
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.* inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.* inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors
ChEBI
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor
ChEBI
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors
ChEBI
hydrolase inhibitor
ChEBI
hydrolase inhibitors
ChEBI
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*).
chebi_ontology
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* inhibitor
EC 3.5.* inhibitors
CHEBI:76764
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.* inhibitors
ChEBI
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*).
chebi_ontology
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
CHEBI:76807
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors
ChEBI
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
ChEBI
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
ChEBI
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
CHEBI:75766
CHEBI:76925
chebi_ontology
plant metabolites
plant secondary metabolites
CHEBI:76924
plant metabolite
plant metabolites
ChEBI
plant secondary metabolites
ChEBI
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
CHEBI:75765
CHEBI:76947
chebi_ontology
fungal metabolites
CHEBI:76946
fungal metabolite
fungal metabolites
ChEBI
Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans.
chebi_ontology
human xenobiotic metabolites
CHEBI:76967
human xenobiotic metabolite
human xenobiotic metabolites
ChEBI
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
CHEBI:75760
CHEBI:76970
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:76969
bacterial metabolite
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
chebi_ontology
E.coli metabolite
E.coli metabolites
Escherichia coli metabolites
CHEBI:76971
Escherichia coli metabolite
E.coli metabolite
ChEBI
E.coli metabolites
ChEBI
Escherichia coli metabolites
ChEBI
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
CHEBI:75770
CHEBI:77123
chebi_ontology
H. sapiens metabolite
H. sapiens metabolites
Homo sapiens metabolite
Homo sapiens metabolites
CHEBI:77746
human metabolite
H. sapiens metabolite
ChEBI
H. sapiens metabolites
ChEBI
Homo sapiens metabolite
ChEBI
Homo sapiens metabolites
ChEBI
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).
Wikipedia:Amidase
chebi_ontology
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors
acylamidase inhibitor
acylamidase inhibitors
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors
amidase inhibitor
amidase inhibitors
amidohydrolase inhibitor
amidohydrolase inhibitors
deaminase inhibitor
deaminase inhibitors
fatty acylamidase inhibitor
fatty acylamidase inhibitors
CHEBI:77941
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors
ChEBI
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor
ChEBI
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors
ChEBI
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor
ChEBI
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors
ChEBI
acylamidase inhibitor
ChEBI
acylamidase inhibitors
ChEBI
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor
ChEBI
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors
ChEBI
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor
ChEBI
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors
ChEBI
amidase inhibitor
ChEBI
amidase inhibitors
ChEBI
amidohydrolase inhibitor
ChEBI
amidohydrolase inhibitors
ChEBI
deaminase inhibitor
ChEBI
deaminase inhibitors
ChEBI
fatty acylamidase inhibitor
ChEBI
fatty acylamidase inhibitors
ChEBI
A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container.
Wikipedia:Packaging_gas
chebi_ontology
food packaging gases
CHEBI:77974
food packaging gas
food packaging gases
ChEBI
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
chebi_ontology
dietary component
dietary components
food components
CHEBI:78295
food component
dietary component
ChEBI
dietary components
ChEBI
food components
ChEBI
A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.
Wikipedia:Refrigerant
chebi_ontology
refrigerants
CHEBI:78433
refrigerant
refrigerants
ChEBI
An amino acid-zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3.
CHEBI:83409
MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids
chebi_ontology
alpha-amino acid zwitterion
alpha-amino acid zwitterions
alpha-amino-acid zwitterions
an alpha-amino acid
CHEBI:78608
alpha-amino-acid zwitterion
MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids
SUBMITTER
alpha-amino acid zwitterion
ChEBI
alpha-amino acid zwitterions
ChEBI
alpha-amino-acid zwitterions
ChEBI
an alpha-amino acid
UniProt
Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation.
chebi_ontology
carbohydrates and derivatives
carbohydrates and their derivatives
CHEBI:78616
carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives
carbohydrates and derivatives
ChEBI
carbohydrates and their derivatives
ChEBI
Any metabolite produced by all living cells.
chebi_ontology
essential metabolite
essential metabolites
fundamental metabolites
CHEBI:78675
fundamental metabolite
essential metabolite
ChEBI
essential metabolites
ChEBI
fundamental metabolites
ChEBI
Any inorganic anion with a valency of two.
chebi_ontology
divalent inorganic anions
CHEBI:79388
divalent inorganic anion
divalent inorganic anions
ChEBI
Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.
chebi_ontology
monovalent inorganic anions
CHEBI:79389
monovalent inorganic anion
monovalent inorganic anions
ChEBI
An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill.
chebi_ontology
crustacean metabolites
CHEBI:83039
crustacean metabolite
crustacean metabolites
ChEBI
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna.
chebi_ontology
Daphnia magna metabolites
CHEBI:83056
Daphnia magna metabolite
Daphnia magna metabolites
ChEBI
A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia
Wikipedia:Daphnia
chebi_ontology
Daphnia metabolites
CHEBI:83057
Daphnia metabolite
Daphnia metabolites
ChEBI
Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group.
chebi_ontology
CHEBI:84729
hydroxyindoles
A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CALOHA:TS-2035
FMA:68646
GO:0005623
KUPO:0000002
MESH:D002477
VHOG:0001533
WBbt:0004017
XAO:0003012
The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one).
cell
A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CARO:mah
Any fibroblast that is derived from the neural crest.
fibroblast neural crest derived
neural crest derived fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is derived from the neural crest.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception.
neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia)
neuronal receptor cell
Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception.
FBC:Autogenerated
A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete.
early embryonic cell (metazoa)
A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete.
GOC:tfm
Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination.
migratory cranial neural crest cell
Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination.
ZFA:0007091
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination.
migratory trunk neural crest cell
Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination.
ZFA:0007095
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes.
germline stem cell
germ line stem cell
true
A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes.
doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016
Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production.
MA:0000388
VHOG:0001530
ncithesaurus:Egg
female germ cell
true
Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production.
GOC:tfm
PMID:11023867
PMID:20454446
A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes.
female germ line stem cell
true
true
A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes.
doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016
A female germ cell that has entered meiosis.
BTO:0000964
CALOHA:TS-0711
FMA:18644
MESH:D009865
WBbt:0006797
oogonium
oocyte
true
A female germ cell that has entered meiosis.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes.
FMA:83673
oogonial cell
true
An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization.
BTO:0000369
BTO:0003801
CALOHA:TS-2191
FMA:67343
MESH:D010063
mature oocyte
ovum
egg cell
https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Egg_cell.svg
true
A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest.
smooth muscle cell neural crest derived
true
A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell.
neuron neural crest derived
neural crest derived neuron
true
Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell.
FBC:Autogenerated
A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase.
BTO:0000930
FMA:70563
neuroblast
neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata)
A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase.
GOC:NV
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblast
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
CALOHA:TS-2086
FMA:63368
animal stem cell
This term applies to metazoan. For plant stem cells, consider using PO:0004011 ‘initial cell’ or its parent PO:0004010 ‘meristematic cell’.
stem cell
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D013234
A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type.
FMA:70569
unipotent stem cell
unipotential stem cell
single fate stem cell
A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type.
GOC:tfm
epithelial stem cell
epithelial fate stem cell
A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119.
BTO:0000725
CALOHA:TS-0448
FMA:86475
MESH:D006412
VHOG:0001485
blood forming stem cell
hemopoietic stem cell
HSC
colony forming unit hematopoietic
Markers differ between species, and two sets of markers have been described for mice. HSCs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-negative, CD150-positive, CD133-positive, and CD244-negative.
hematopoietic stem cell
A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119.
GOC:add
GOC:dsd
GOC:tfm
PMID:19022770
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell
HSC
A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage.
BTO:0004911
BFU-E
CFU-E
blast forming unit erythroid
burst forming unit erythroid
colony forming unit erythroid
erythroid stem cell
erythroid progenitor cell
true
A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage.
GOC:add
ISBN:0721601464
BFU-E
CFU-E
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children.
germ line cell
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells.
FMA:84789
multi-fate stem cell
multifate stem cell
multipotent cell
multipotent stem cell
multi fate stem cell
A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells.
GOC:add
A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
BTO:0004730
common myeloid precursor
CFU-GEMM
CFU-S
CMP
colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte
multipotential myeloid stem cell
myeloid stem cell
pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow)
This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate common myeloid progenitor. For mammalian CMP known to be CD34-positive, please use the term 'common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive' (CL_0001059).
common myeloid progenitor
true
A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
GOC:add
ISBN:0878932437
MESH:D023461
CFU-GEMM
ISBN:0878932437
CFU-S
ISBN:0878932437
CMP
ISBN:0878932437
colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte
ISBN:0878932437
multipotential myeloid stem cell
ISBN:0878932437
myeloid stem cell
ISBN:0878932437
pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow)
ISBN:0878932437
A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
CFU-EM
CFU-MegE
MEP
Meg/E progenitor
colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte
megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor
megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor cell
MEPs are reportedly CD19-negative, CD34-negative, CD45RA-negative, CD110-positive, CD117-positive, and SCA1-negative and reportedly express the transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2.
megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell
true
A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
GOC:add
GOC:dsd
GOC:tfm
MESH:D055015
PMID:16647566
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte-erythroid_progenitor_cell
A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form.
FMA:84790
MESH:D039901
totipotential stem cell
totipotent stem cell
A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form.
GOC:add
GOC:tfm
A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
BTO:0000125
FMA:84782
blast cell
define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent?
non-terminally differentiated cell
A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates.
SANBI:mhl
A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair.
BTO:0000222
CALOHA:TS-0650
FMA:70335
VHOG:0001529
myoblast
A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D032446
PMID:21849021
A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped.
BTO:0000452
CALOHA:TS-0362
FMA:63877
NCIT:C12482
VHOG:0001482
These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative.
fibroblast
A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped.
ISBN:0517223651
MESH:D005347
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast
Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
BTO:0003607
FMA:66783
chrondoplast
chondroblast
Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell.
GOC:tfm
GO_REF:0000034
ISBN:0618947256
A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface.
VHOG:0001532
XAO:0000031
ciliated cell
A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface.
GOC:tfm
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina.
BTO:0000414
CALOHA:TS-2026
CARO:0000077
FMA:66768
WBbt:0003672
epitheliocyte
epithelial cell
https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Epithelial_cells.svg
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina.
FB:ma
GOC:tfm
MESH:D004847
An epithelial cell that has a cilia.
FMA:70605
ciliated epithelial cell
An epithelial cell that has a cilia.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell that is part of a duct.
duct epithelial cell
An epithelial cell that is part of a duct.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
branched duct epithelial cell
An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature.
blood vessel endothelial cell
An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature.
GOC:tfm
A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell
A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
GO:0002065
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
Any epithelial cell that is part of some squamous epithelium.
CALOHA:TS-1249
squamous epithelial cell
Any epithelial cell that is part of some squamous epithelium.
FBC:Autogenerated
A flat, squamous-like epithelial cell of mesodermal origin. It forms the mesothelium, which lines the body's serous cavities including the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial spaces. This cell plays a crucial role in synthesizing and secreting lubricants, such as glycosaminoglycans and surfactants, which minimize friction between adjacent tissues during movement.
FMA:66773
mesotheliocyte
Mesothelial cells, which morphologically resemble squamous epithelial cells, express both epithelial markers (cytokeratins) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin), reflecting their mesodermal origin. They feature surface microvilli and apical-basal polarity. Under certain conditions, they can undergo mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These cells also produce extracellular matrix proteins, maintain serosal homeostasis, and facilitate fluid transport.
mesothelial cell
A flat, squamous-like epithelial cell of mesodermal origin. It forms the mesothelium, which lines the body's serous cavities including the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial spaces. This cell plays a crucial role in synthesizing and secreting lubricants, such as glycosaminoglycans and surfactants, which minimize friction between adjacent tissues during movement.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
PMID:26106328
Mesothelial cells, which morphologically resemble squamous epithelial cells, express both epithelial markers (cytokeratins) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin), reflecting their mesodermal origin. They feature surface microvilli and apical-basal polarity. Under certain conditions, they can undergo mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These cells also produce extracellular matrix proteins, maintain serosal homeostasis, and facilitate fluid transport.
PMID:26106328
A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium.
circulating cell
A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium.
GOC:add
A cell found predominately in the blood.
FMA:62844
MESH:D001773
blood cell
true
A cell found predominately in the blood.
GOC:add
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of the lung.
BTO:0004299
lung epithelial cell
epithelial cell of lung
An epithelial cell of the lung.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
An epithelial cell of the pancreas.
BTO:0000028
pancreas epithelial cell
pancreatic epithelial cell
epithelial cell of pancreas
An epithelial cell of the pancreas.
GOC:tfm
neuron associated cell
A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells.
neuroepithelial cell
BTO:0004301
The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and neurecto-epithelial cell (CL:0000710).
sensory epithelial cell
A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0517223651
ISBN:0721662544
Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
BTO:0003811
FMA:67313
WBbt:0005113
CNS interneuron
interneuron
Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D007395
An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement.
BTO:0000312
FMA:83617
WBbt:0005409
motoneuron
motor neuron
An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement.
MESH:D009046
PMID:16875686
Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.
BTO:0001037
FMA:84649
MESH:D011984
WBbt:0005759
sensory neuron
Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.
ISBN:0721662544
A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion.
FMA:80121
autonomic neuron
A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion.
GOC:tfm
A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter.
BTO:0004902
FMA:84796
MESH:D059329
WBbt:0006840
cholinergic neuron
A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter.
GOC:tfm
An ectodermal cell that is part of the external ectoderm, forming the outermost layer of the developing embryo. It is characterized by its polarized nature, with distinct apical and basal surfaces (Ferrante Jr., Reinke, & Stanley, 1995). Surface ectodermal cell gives rise to the epidermis, hair follicles, nails, sensory organs, and specialized structures like the apical ectodermal ridge crucial for limb development (Skoufa et al., 2024).
FMA:72552
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000114
cell of surface ectoderm
surface ectoderm cell
surface ectodermal cell
An ectodermal cell that is part of the external ectoderm, forming the outermost layer of the developing embryo. It is characterized by its polarized nature, with distinct apical and basal surfaces (Ferrante Jr., Reinke, & Stanley, 1995). Surface ectodermal cell gives rise to the epidermis, hair follicles, nails, sensory organs, and specialized structures like the apical ectodermal ridge crucial for limb development (Skoufa et al., 2024).
PMID:7892198
Wikipedia:Surface_ectoderm
doi:/10.1101/2024.07.02.601324
surface ectoderm cell
doi:/10.1101/2024.07.02.601324
An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm.
BTO:0001176
CALOHA:TS-0278
FMA:66772
endotheliocyte
From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard].
endothelial cell
An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D042783
PMID:21275341
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3364936&group_id=36855
A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons.
BTO:0002606
CALOHA:TS-0415
FMA:54536
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000125
neuroglial cell
neuroglia
Not all glial cells develop from glioblasts, with microglia developing from the mesoderm instead. See https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1571
glial cell
A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons.
MESH:D009457
Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue.
neurectoderm cell
neurectodermal cell
Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:068340007X
A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.
BTO:0002625
BTO:0003298
FMA:70546
bone marrow stromal cells
colony-forming unit-fibroblast
marrow stromal cells
BMSC
CFU-F
MSC
mesenchymal precursor cell
mesenchymal progenitor cells
mesenchymal stem cell
mesenchymal stromal cell
mesenchymal stromal cells
stem cells, mesenchymal
Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2.
mesenchymal stem cell
https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/474
true
A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.
FB:ma
GOC:dsd
PMCID:PMC2613570
PMID:10102814
PMID:16923606
PMID:17986482
PMID:19960544
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell
http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells
marrow stromal cells
PMID:11378515
BMSC
CFU-F
MSC
PMID:11378515
mesenchymal progenitor cells
MESH:D044982
mesenchymal stromal cells
stem cells, mesenchymal
MESH:D044982
A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides.
BTO:0000443
CALOHA:TS-0012
FMA:63880
adipose cell
fat cell
adipocyte
A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides.
MESH:D017667
Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
BTO:0000249
CALOHA:TS-0138
FMA:66782
cartilage cell
chondrocyte
Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell.
GO_REF:0000034
MESH:D019902
A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules.
VHOG:0001678
chromatocyte
chromatophore
pigment cell
A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules.
GOC:tfm
pigment cell
visual pigment cell
An epithelial cell, located in a gland, that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules, such as hormones, or mucous.
CALOHA:TS-2085
FMA:86494
glandular epithelial cell
glandular secretory epithelial cell
An epithelial cell, located in a gland, that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules, such as hormones, or mucous.
GOC:tfm
ORCID:0000-0002-7073-9172
A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
BTO:0003659
FMA:86916
secretory cell
A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct.
FMA:16014
exocrine cell
A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct.
ISBN:0198547684
A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans.
GAG secreting cell
hyaluronic acid secreting cell
glycosaminoglycan secreting cell
A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans.
GOC:tfm
Any secretory cell that is capable of some protein secretion.
protein secreting cell
Any secretory cell that is capable of some protein secretion.
FBC:Autogenerated
seromucus secreting cell
A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.
FMA:83809
endocrinocyte
endocrine cell
A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.
MESH:D055098
An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas.
BTO:0003865
FMA:62930
MESH:D019858
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000164
enteroendocrine cell
An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas.
GOC:tfm
SANBI:mhl
A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals.
BTO:0002691
FMA:83810
neurosecretory cell
neurosecretory neuron
The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements.
The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron.
neuroendocrine cell
A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals.
MESH:D055099
The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements.
The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron.
PMID:5342440
https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323555968000073
Any secretory cell that is capable of some peptide hormone secretion.
peptide hormone secreting cell
Any secretory cell that is capable of some peptide hormone secretion.
FBC:Autogenerated
Any secretory cell that is capable of some insulin secretion.
BTO:0000783
insulin secreting cell
Any secretory cell that is capable of some insulin secretion.
FBC:Autogenerated
A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans.
beta cell
BTO:0000783
EV:0200009
FMA:70586
MA:0002419
ncithesaurus:Beta_Cell
B-cell of pancreatic islet
beta cell of pancreatic islet
insulin-secreting cell
pancreatic B cell
pancreatic B-cell
pancreatic beta cell
pancreatic islet core
type B enteroendocrine cell
beta cell islet
Pancreatic beta cells are also reportedly CD284-positive. Upon activation, they upregulate their CD14 expression.
type B pancreatic cell
true
A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0517223651
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_b_cell
beta cell
ZFA:0009102
B-cell of pancreatic islet
FMA:70586
beta cell of pancreatic islet
FMA:70586
insulin-secreting cell
FMA:70586
pancreatic B-cell
FMA:70586
pancreatic beta cell
FMA:70586
pancreatic islet core
MA:0002419
type B enteroendocrine cell
FMA:70586
beta cell islet
MA:0002419
A cell that secretes glucagon.
FMA:84045
glucagon-secreting cell
glucagon secreting cell
A cell that secretes glucagon.
GOC:tfm
A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon.
BTO:0000990
FMA:70585
MESH:D050416
alpha cell of islet of Langerhans
pancreatic alpha cell
pancreatic A cell
A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion.
somatostatin secreting cell
Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion.
FBC:Autogenerated
A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin.
BTO:0000803
FMA:70587
D-cell of pancreatic islet
delta cell of islet
delta cell of pancreatic islet
pancreatic D-cell
pancreatic delta cell
somatostatin-secreting pancreatic cell
pancreatic D cell
A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin.
FMA:0517223651
GOC:tfm
Any secretory cell that is capable of some steroid hormone secretion.
steroid hormone secreting cell
Any secretory cell that is capable of some steroid hormone secretion.
FBC:Autogenerated
The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated.
BTO:0000575
CALOHA:TS-0454
FMA:14515
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000182
Hepatocytes are reportedly MHC Class I-positive and MHC Class II-positive.
hepatocyte
The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0412046911
MESH:D022781
PMID:19717280
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte
A cell whose primary function is to shorten.
contractile cell
A cell whose primary function is to shorten.
FB:ma
A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns.
BTO:0000888
BTO:0000902
CALOHA:TS-2032
FMA:67328
WBbt:0003675
muscle fiber
myocyte
muscle cell
https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Muscle_cells.svg
A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns.
MESH:D032342
A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
BTO:0004392
CALOHA:TS-2158
FMA:9727
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000188
skeletal muscle cell
cell of skeletal muscle
A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
GOC:tfm
A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast).
non-striated muscle cell
BTO:0004576
CALOHA:TS-2159
FMA:14072
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000192
SMCs
myocytes, smooth muscle
smooth muscle fiber
smooth muscle cell
A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast).
MESH:D032389
PMID:9315361
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_cell
SMCs
PMID:9315361
myocytes, smooth muscle
MESH:D032389
A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception.
MESH:D011984
receptor cell
sensory receptor cell
A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
chemoreceptor cell
A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
MESH:D002628
A cell specialized in detecting light stimuli that are involved in visual perception.
BTO:0001060
CALOHA:TS-0868
FMA:86740
photoreceptor cell
https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Photoreceptor_cell.svg
A cell specialized in detecting light stimuli that are involved in visual perception.
MESH:D010786
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
electrically active cell
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
FB:ma
A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism.
boundary cell
lining cell
A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism.
JB:jb
A cell located in the synovial joint.
CALOHA:TS-0995
synoviocyte
synovial cell
true
A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
barrier cell
A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
JB:jb
A cell that moves by its own activities.
motile cell
A cell that moves by its own activities.
FB:ma
A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo.
FMA:72549
ectoderm cell
ectodermal cell
A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo.
MESH:D004475
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
FMA:72554
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000222
mesoblast
mesoderm cell
mesodermal cell
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
MESH:D008648
A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
FMA:72555
endoderm cell
endodermal cell
A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
MESH:D004707
A cell with more than one nucleus.
multinucleated cells
polynuclear cells
multinucleate cell
A cell with more than one nucleus.
FB:ma
Wikipedia:Multinucleate
multinucleated cells
Wikipedia:Multinucleate
polynuclear cells
Wikipedia:Multinucleate
A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen.
BTO:0000424
CALOHA:TS-0290
FMA:81100
RBC
red blood cell
erythrocyte
true
A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D004912
Any cell that in taxon some Eukaryota.
MESH:D005057
eukaryotic cell
Any cell that in taxon some Eukaryota.
FBC:Autogenerated
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some eye.
eye photoreceptor cell
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some eye.
FBC:Autogenerated
A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism.
structural cell
A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism.
TAIR:sr
A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
CALOHA:TS-0395
FMA:18649
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000300
haploid nucleated cell
haploid germ cell
gamete
true
A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
lens cell
crystallin accumulating cell
An epithelial cell found in the trachea.
FMA:74793
tracheocyte
This class is for the vertebrate tracheal structure. For the analagous insect cell type, see 'respiratory tube epithelial cell'
tracheal epithelial cell
true
An epithelial cell found in the trachea.
GOC:tfm
Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid.
BTO:0003687
FMA:62511
serous cell
serous secreting cell
Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0517223651
ISBN:0721662544
Any cell that is capable of some mucus secretion.
BTO:0003689
mucous cell
mucus secreting cell
Any cell that is capable of some mucus secretion.
FBC:Autogenerated
A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s).
stuff accumulating cell
A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s).
FB:ma
extracellular matrix secreting cell
Any cell that is capable of some oxygen transport.
oxygen accumulating cell
Any cell that is capable of some oxygen transport.
FBC:Autogenerated
A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
FMA:86667
migratory neural crest cell
A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body.
doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.02.017
A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors.
mesenchyme condensation cell
A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors.
GOC:tfm
PMID:5025404
A cell of the sclera of the eye.
scleral cell
A cell of the sclera of the eye.
GOC:add
A structural cell that is part of optic choroid.
choroidal cell of the eye
A structural cell that is part of optic choroid.
GOC:add
Any cell that is part of some extraembryonic structure.
extraembryonic cell
Any cell that is part of some extraembryonic structure.
FBC:Autogenerated
An extraembryonic cell that develops from a trophectodermal cell. This cell is found in the outer layer of the blastocyst and can invade other structures in the uterus once the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall. A trophoblast cell is involved in the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall, placental formation, remodelling of maternal vasculature in the uterus, nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and immune modulation to support fetal development.
FMA:83028
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000351
trophoblastic cell
trophoblast cell
true
An extraembryonic cell that develops from a trophectodermal cell. This cell is found in the outer layer of the blastocyst and can invade other structures in the uterus once the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall. A trophoblast cell is involved in the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall, placental formation, remodelling of maternal vasculature in the uterus, nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and immune modulation to support fetal development.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D014327
PMID:37630754
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84725-8
trophoblastic cell
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84725-8
A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation.
epiblast cell
A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0618947256
An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote).
BTO:0001473
FMA:72551
blastomere
blastoderm cell
An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote).
MESH:D001756
A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell.
FMA:86767
Multi-potency demonstrated ex vivo. At the time of writing, it is unclear whether the endogenous population differentiates into multiple cell types in vivo.
multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell
true
A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell.
PMID:18282570
A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000358
sphincter associated smooth muscle cell
true
A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning.
GOC:cjm
A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000359
VSMC
vascular smooth muscle cell
vascular associated smooth muscle cell
true
A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature.
GOC:dsd
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism).
BTO:0001470
CALOHA:TS-0283
FMA:62411
MESH:D000078404
cell of epidermis
epithelial cell of skin
epidermal cell
An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism).
Flybase:dsj
MA:ma
cell of epidermis
FMA:62411
epithelial cell of skin
FMA:62411
Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell.
zygote
BTO:0000854
EHDAA2:0004546
FMA:72395
animal zygote
Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell.
ISBN:0471245208
tracheoblast
A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal.
electrically responsive cell
A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal.
FB:ma
Any interneuron that has its soma located in some ganglion.
ganglion interneuron
true
Any interneuron that has its soma located in some ganglion.
FBC:Autogenerated
A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell.
electrically signaling cell
A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell.
FB:ma
A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes.
polyploid cell
A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes.
FB:ma
PMID:32646579
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.04%3A_Polyploidy
A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome.
haploid cell
A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome.
FB:ma
GOC:tfm
endopolyploid cell
carbohydrate secreting cell
biogenic amine secreting cell
A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin).
5-HT secreting cell
5-Hydroxytryptamine secreting cell
serotonin secreting cell
A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin).
GOC:tfm
PMID:19630576
A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme.
noradrenaline secreting cell
norepinephrin secreting cell
norepinephrine secreting cell
noradrenergic cell
A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:068340007X
A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light.
visible light photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light.
GOC:tfm
A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue.
BTO:0002064
FMA:83624
stromal cell
A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D017154
A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin.
FMA:62935
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000502
D cell
type D enteroendocrine cell
A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin.
MESH:D019864
An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin.
enkephalin secreting cell
An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin.
GO:tfm
A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin.
endorphin secreting cell
A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin.
GO:tfm
An endocrine cell found in the stomach and duodenum and is responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli.
BTO:0004108
FMA:67609
G cell
type G enteroendocrine cell
An endocrine cell found in the stomach and duodenum and is responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0517223651
MESH:D019863
PMID:10700044
PMID:35674015
PMID:37240181
A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin.
gastrin secreting cell
A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin.
GO:tfm
A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell.
FMA:84797
cardiac muscle progenitor cell
cardiomyocyte progenitor cell
cardiac muscle myoblast
A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D032386
A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes.
FMA:84798
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000514
myoblast, smooth muscle
satellite cell
smooth muscle myoblast
A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D032390
myoblast, smooth muscle
MESH:D032390
A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers.
FMA:84799
skeletal myoblast
skeletal muscle myoblast
A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers.
SANBI:mhl
Any cell that in taxon some Fungi.
fungal cell
Any cell that in taxon some Fungi.
FBC:Autogenerated
A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy.
FMA:83043
syncytial trophoblast cell
syncytiotrophoblastic cell
plasmidotrophoblast cell
syntrophoblast cell
syncytiotrophoblast cell
https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/2100
A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0323052908
syncytial trophoblast cell
PMID:11787150
syncytiotrophoblastic cell
PMID:21733368
A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery.
FMA:87653
input neuron
afferent neuron
A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery.
GOC:tfm
MESH:D009475
A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
output neuron
efferent neuron
A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
MESH:D009476
The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
BTO:0000938
CALOHA:TS-0683
FMA:54527
VHOG:0001483
WBbt:0003679
nerve cell
These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma.
neuron
https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Neuron_cells.svg
The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
MESH:D009474
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron
An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
FMA:83518
rubriblast
pronormoblast
proerythroblast
true
An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
ISBN:0721601464
PMID:1638021
rubriblast
ISBN:0721601464
A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
FMA:83505
basophilic normoblast
early erythroblast
early normoblast
prorubricyte
basophilic erythroblast
true
A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721601464
basophilic normoblast
ISBN:0721601464
early erythroblast
ISBN:0721601464
early normoblast
ISBN:0721601464
prorubricyte
ISBN:0721601464
A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
FMA:83506
intermediate erythroblast
intermediate normoblast
polychromatic erythroblast
polychromatic normoblast
polychromatophilic normoblast
rubricyte
polychromatophilic erythroblast
true
A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
ISBN:0721601464
intermediate erythroblast
ISBN:0721601464
intermediate normoblast
ISBN:0721601464
polychromatic erythroblast
ISBN:0721601464
polychromatic normoblast
ISBN:0721601464
polychromatophilic normoblast
ISBN:0721601464
rubricyte
ISBN:0721601464
The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated.
FMA:84646
acidophilic erythroblast
eosinophilic erythroblast
late erythoblast
orthochromatic normoblast
pyknotic eto enrythroblast
orthochromatic erythroblast
true
The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated.
ISBN:0721601464
acidophilic erythroblast
ISBN:0721601464
eosinophilic erythroblast
ISBN:0721601464
orthochromatic normoblast
ISBN:0721601464
pyknotic eto enrythroblast
ISBN:0721601464
The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative).
BTO:0001164
CALOHA:TS-0610
FMA:84235
MESH:D055016
CFU-Meg
Meg-CFC
MkP
colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte
megacaryoblast
megacaryocyte progenitor cell
megakaryoblast
megakaryocytic progenitor cell
promegacaryocyte
promegakaryocyte
Lineage negative is described here as CD2-negative, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8a-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD56-negative, Ly6g-negative, and Ter119-negative.
megakaryocyte progenitor cell
true
The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative).
GOC:dsd
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721601464
CFU-Meg
PMID:11722431
PMID:12482498
Meg-CFC
PMCID:PMC1794060
MkP
PMID:21116988
megakaryocytic progenitor cell
PMID:12482498
A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release.
BTO:0000843
CALOHA:TS-0611
FMA:83555
megacaryocyte
megalocaryocyte
megalokaryocyte
Megakaryocytes are reportedly CD181-positive and CD182-positive.
megakaryocyte
true
A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release.
ISBN:0721601464
MESH:D008533
PMID:31043076
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte
An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds.
BTO:0001173
CALOHA:TS-0864
MESH:D012156
reticulocyte
true
An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds.
GOC:add
GOC:tfm
PMID:15946868
PMID:2037622
An erythrocyte having a nucleus.
RBC
red blood cell
nucleate erythrocyte
true
An erythrocyte having a nucleus.
GOC:add
GOc:tfm
A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium.
angioblast
chondroplast
These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, CD309-positive, and TAL1-positive.
angioblastic mesenchymal cell
true
A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium.
GOC:dsd
GOC:tfm
PMID:12768659
A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field.
cardiac mesenchymal cell
A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field.
PMID:18816864
One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision.
BTO:0001036
CALOHA:TS-0866
FMA:67748
cone
retinal cone cell
One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision.
MESH:D017949
cone
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9
An epithelial cell of the cornea.
BTO:0004298
CALOHA:TS-0173
FMA:70551
epithelial cell of cornea
corneal epithelial cell
An epithelial cell of the cornea.
GOC:tfm
epithelial cell of cornea
FMA:70551
The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.
BTO:0000535
NCIT:C12597
VHOG:0001534
WBbt:0006796
germ cell
true
The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.
MESH:D005854
A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen.
androgen secreting cell
A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen.
GOC:tfm
One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.
BTO:0001024
CALOHA:TS-0870
FMA:67747
rod
retinal rod cell
One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.
MESH:D017948
rod
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9
A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).
FMA:83625
MESH:D061354
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000622
acinic cell
acinous cell
acinar cell
A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).
GOC:tfm
http://www.copewithcytokines.de
A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types.
BTO:0002315
supportive cell
supporting cell
A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types.
FB:ma
GOC:tfm
An endothelial cell that has small pores, or fenestrations, which allow for the efficient exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000666
window cell
fenestrated endothelial cell
An endothelial cell that has small pores, or fenestrations, which allow for the efficient exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues.
DOI:10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_133
An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen.
collagen secreting cell
An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen.
GOC:tfm
A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells.
FMA:70567
gonocyte
primitive germ cell
primordial germ cell
true
true
A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells.
GOC:tfm
PMID:1381289
A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline.
female gamete
true
A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline.
GOC:tfm
A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell.
muscle precursor cell
A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell.
GOC:add
A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone.
FMA:62938
FMA:83409
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000696
type F enteroendocrine cell
PP cell
A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone.
GOC:tfm
JB:jb
PMID:15153415
Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest.
neuroepithelial cell
BTO:0004301
FMA:70557
The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and sensory epithelial cell (CL:0000098).
neurecto-epithelial cell
Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest.
GOC:tfm
A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
CALOHA:TS-2086
MESH:D053687
somatic stem cell
A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
GO:0048103
Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres.
BTO:0002916
CALOHA:TS-2157
FMA:86936
striated muscle cell
Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
BTO:0000751
CALOHA:TS-0549
FMA:62852
MESH:D007962
NCIT:C12529
leucocyte
white blood cell
immune cell
leukocyte
true
An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
GOC:add
GOC:tfm
ISBN:978-0-323-05290-0
The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.
BTO:0001800
FMA:67765
MESH:D012165
gangliocyte
ganglion cell of retina
RGC
RGCs
retinal ganglion cell
The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.
GOC:dph
RGC
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9
RGCs
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9
Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei.
cardiocyte
BTO:0001539
CALOHA:TS-0115
FMA:14067
MESH:D032383
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000746
cardiac muscle fiber
cardiac myocyte
cardiomyocyte
heart muscle cell
This class encompasses the muscle cells responsible for heart* contraction in both vertebrates and arthropods. The ultrastucture of a wide range of arthropod heart cells has been examined including spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans (see Sherman, 1973 and refs therein) and insects (see Lehmacher et al (2012) and refs therein). According to these refs, the cells participating in heart contraction in all cases are transversely striated. Insects hearts additionally contain ostial cells, also transversely striated muscle cells, but which do not participate in heart contraction.
cardiac muscle cell
Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei.
GOC:mtg_cardiacconduct_nov11
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0323052908
PMID:22426062
PMID:4711263
cardiac muscle fiber
GO:0048739
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
BTO:0001441
CALOHA:TS-0647
MESH:D022423
myeloid cell
true
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
GOC:add
A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes.
CALOHA:TS-0290
FMA:62845
FMA:83516
erythropoietic cell
Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes.
erythroid lineage cell
A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes.
GOC:add
GOC:tfm
A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers.
BTO:0001571
CALOHA:TS-0289
FMA:83504
MESH:D004900
normoblast
erythroblast
true
A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers.
GOC:add
ISBN:0721601464
PMID:18174176
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage.
myeloid leukocyte
true
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage.
GOC:add
A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans.
BTO:0000725
CALOHA:TS-0448
MPP
hemopoietic progenitor cell
Markers differ between mouse and human.
hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell
A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans.
GOC:add
GOC:tfm
PMID:19022770
A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage.
myeloid progenitor cell
BTO:0004730
CALOHA:TS-2099
FMA:70339
Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type.
myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell
true
A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage.
GOC:add
GOC:tfm
PMID:19022770
A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter.
MESH:D059326
WBbt:0006837
5-HT neuron
5-hydroxytryptamine neuron
serotinergic neuron
serotonergic neuron
A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter.
SANBI:mhl
A cell of a hematopoietic lineage.
BTO:0000574
CALOHA:TS-2017
FMA:70366
FMA:83598
haematopoietic cell
haemopoietic cell
hemopoietic cell
hematopoietic cell
A cell of a hematopoietic lineage.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000031
A connective tissue cell found in bone.
2011-11-16T04:28:16Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0001035
bone cell
A connective tissue cell found in bone.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000034
A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
2010-01-06T03:43:27Z
hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative
A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.
GOC:tfm
PMID:19022770
A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative).
BTO:0004911
BFU-E
CFU-E
blast forming unit erythroid
burst forming unit erythroid
colony forming unit erythroid
erythroid stem cell
erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian
A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative).
GOC:add
ISBN:0721601464
BFU-E
CFU-E
A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells.
2010-01-06T03:43:20Z
hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell
A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells.
GOC:tfm
PMID:19022770
A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities.
2010-01-06T03:43:27Z
This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell. For mammalian hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells known to be lineage-negative, please use the term 'hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell' (CL_0001060).
hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell
A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities.
GOC:tfm
PMID:19022770
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules.
2010-06-24T03:16:29Z
BTO:0000028
CALOHA:TS-0737
FMA:63032
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002064
acinar cell of pancreas
pancreatic acinar cell
true
A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0517223651
PMID:20395539
http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=pancreatic%20acinar%20cells
An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon.
2010-09-10T10:48:54Z
FMA:62939
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002067
type A enteroendocrine cell
An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0412046911
Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter.
2010-06-28T08:36:15Z
BTO:0001032
FMA:14146
Purkinje cell fiber
Purkinje muscle cell
myocytus conducens cardiacus
Purkinje myocyte
Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter.
FMA:0412046911
GOC:tfm
PMID:19939742
A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery.
2010-06-29T11:41:37Z
pacemaker cell
BTO:0004190
FMA:67101
P cell
cardiac pacemaker cell
myocytus nodalis
nodal myocyte
A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery.
FMA:67101
GOC:tfm
cardiac pacemaker cell
GOC:pr
Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes.
2010-06-29T02:39:32Z
FMA:67142
transitional myocyte
Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes.
FMA:67142
GOC:tfm
The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides).
2010-06-29T11:50:47Z
FMA:67111
myocardial endocrine cell
The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides).
FMA:67111
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell derived from endoderm.
2010-06-29T03:38:14Z
FMA:69075
endo-epithelial cell
An epithelial cell derived from endoderm.
FMA:69075
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm.
2010-06-29T03:38:22Z
FMA:69074
ecto-epithelial cell
An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm.
FMA:69074
GOC:tfm
Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme.
2010-06-29T03:49:14Z
FMA:69076
epithelial mesenchymal cell
meso-epithelial cell
Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme.
FMA:69076
GOC:tfm
Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH.
2010-06-30T08:49:43Z
FMA:63099
pancreatic ductal cell
Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH.
FMA:63099
GOC:tfm
PMID:14740223
A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types.
2010-06-30T08:49:52Z
FMA:62455
centroacinar cell of Langerhans
pancreatic centroacinar cell
pancreatic centro-acinar cell
A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types.
GOC:tfm
PMID:12142741
PMID:20018761
PMID:8185160
A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart.
2010-07-21T01:33:38Z
FMA:67968
specialized cardiac myocyte
A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart.
FMA:67968
GOC:tfm
A leukocyte that lacks granules.
2010-07-22T11:30:33Z
FMA:62855
agranular leukocyte
nongranular leukocyte
true
A leukocyte that lacks granules.
GOC:tfm
This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise.
2010-07-22T03:26:00Z
BTO:0003914
FMA:86573
ICC
intestinal pacemaker cell
Some argue this cell type is of mesenchymal origin.
interstitial cell of Cajal
true
This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise.
GOC:tfm
PMID:16460275
PMID:19520112
intestinal pacemaker cell
GOC:pr
A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells.
2010-07-22T04:48:15Z
BTO:0004850
FMA:83621
MESH:D001854
MH consider whether bone marrow cells are bone cells in the structural sense vs. being part of bone organ sense.
bone marrow cell
true
A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0618947256
A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens.
2010-08-23T11:18:18Z
FMA:18710
hilar cell of ovary
hilus cell of ovary
A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:068340007X
A stomal cell of the ovary
2010-08-23T12:10:31Z
FMA:72299
ovarian stromal cell
stromal cell of ovary
A stomal cell of the ovary
GOC:tfm
ovarian stromal cell
GOC:cjm
An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
2010-08-24T02:06:40Z
BTO:0001854
CALOHA:TS-1106
FMA:67755
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002139
vascular endothelial cell
cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree
These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, TAL1-positive.
endothelial cell of vascular tree
An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
GOC:dsd
GOC:tfm
PMID:12768659
An endothelial cell found in capillaries.
2010-08-24T10:15:00Z
BTO:0004956
CALOHA:TS-0112
FMA:67756
capillary endothelial cell
An endothelial cell found in capillaries.
GOC:tfm
Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes.
2010-08-26T08:31:08Z
FMA:70556
general ecto-epithelial cell
Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach.
2010-08-25T03:22:08Z
FMA:62948
epithelial cell of stomach
true
An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of the stomach. This cell produces mucous.
2010-08-25T03:38:51Z
FMA:63464
mucous cell of stomach
An epithelial cell of the stomach. This cell produces mucous.
GOC:tfm
A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit.
2010-08-25T03:57:08Z
FMA:62953
stem cell of gastric gland
true
A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0517223651
A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes).
2010-08-30T02:00:42Z
FMA:86577
HpSC
hepatic stem cell
https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800
true
A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes).
GOC:tfm
PMID:26798363
HpSC
PMID:18442648
An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree.
2010-09-02T02:09:14Z
FMA:66816
epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree
An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells.
2010-09-02T02:53:59Z
FMA:69060
undifferentiated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree
intermediate epitheliocyte
An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0517223651
A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye.
2010-09-07T10:38:03Z
FMA:70950
vertebrate lens cell
A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth.
2010-09-07T10:45:47Z
FMA:67559
lens epithelial cell
true
A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_%28anatomy%29#Lens_epithelium
A fibroblast in the bone marrow.
2010-09-07T02:25:18Z
FMA:84377
marrow fibroblast
A fibroblast in the bone marrow.
GOC:tfm
A cell containing at least one nucleus.
2010-09-07T03:32:33Z
FMA:67513
nucleate cell
A cell containing at least one nucleus.
GOC:tfm
A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells.
2010-09-08T08:53:42Z
FMA:70611
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002243
smooth muscle fiber of sphincter of pupil
smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil
smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil
true
A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
ISBN:0721694128
A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells).
2010-09-07T03:57:09Z
BTO:0002669
FMA:86711
MESH:D000072916
PBSC
peripheral blood stem cell
true
A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells).
GOC:tfm
A cell that is found in a zone occupying the bottom region of the crypt; provide the source of most of the cell types of the intestinal epithelium; proliferate by mitotic division; differentiates into columnar or goblet cells.
2010-09-08T09:21:22Z
FMA:63379
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002250
stem cell of intestinal crypt of Lieberkuhn
intestinal crypt stem cell
A cell that is found in a zone occupying the bottom region of the crypt; provide the source of most of the cell types of the intestinal epithelium; proliferate by mitotic division; differentiates into columnar or goblet cells.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0517223651
An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
2010-09-08T09:26:53Z
epithelial cell of alimentary canal
An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0721662544
An epithelial cell of the lining of the esophagus.
2010-09-08T09:28:20Z
FMA:63071
epithelial cell of esophagus
true
An epithelial cell of the lining of the esophagus.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of the lining of the large intestine.
2010-09-08T09:28:22Z
BTO:0004297
FMA:256157
epithelial cell of colon
epithelial cell of large intestine
true
An epithelial cell of the lining of the large intestine.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of the lining of the small intestine.
2010-09-08T09:41:46Z
FMA:256159
epithelial cell of small intestine
true
An epithelial cell of the lining of the small intestine.
GOC:tfm
An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver.
2010-09-14T10:57:26Z
FMA:63134
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002262
endothelial cell of sinusoid
An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0618947256
A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon.
2010-09-10T10:54:42Z
FMA:83411
type A cell of stomach
A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon.
GOC:tfm
A D cell located in the colon.
2010-09-10T11:37:35Z
FMA:268744
colon D-cell
colonic delta cell
delta cell of colon
type D cell of colon
A D cell located in the colon.
GOC:tfm
A type D cell of the small intestine.
2010-09-10T01:34:22Z
FMA:268736
delta cell of small intestine
small intestine D-cell
small intestine delta cell
type D cell of small intestine
A type D cell of the small intestine.
GOC:tfm
A type D cell found in the stomach.
2010-09-10T01:36:03Z
FMA:83410
delta cell of stomach
stomach D-cell
stomach delta cell
type D cell of stomach
A type D cell found in the stomach.
GOC:tfm
A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas.
2010-09-10T03:30:31Z
BTO:0000805
FMA:70588
MESH:D050418
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002275
PP cell of pancreatic islet
PP-cell of pancreatic islet
pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cell
The term PP cell of pancreatic acinus was obsoleted due to a lack of evidence, making PP cell of pancreatic islets synonymous with pancreatic PP cell.
pancreatic PP cell
A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of a skin gland.
2010-09-14T12:00:07Z
FMA:70657
epithelial cell of gland of skin
epithelial cell of skin gland
An epithelial cell of a skin gland.
GOC:tfm
A cell that is part of the nervous system.
2010-09-15T01:34:57Z
CALOHA:TS-2040
FMA:70333
neural cell
A cell that is part of the nervous system.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0618947256
A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
2010-09-15T03:01:54Z
CALOHA:TS-2096
FMA:63875
MESH:D003239
connective tissue cell
A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0618947256
A cell of the embryo.
2010-09-15T03:39:21Z
CALOHA:TS-0263
FMA:82840
WBbt:0007028
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002321
embryonic cell (metazoa)
A cell of the embryo.
FMA:0618947256
An epithelial cell of the bronchus.
2010-09-20T02:00:00Z
BTO:0002922
bronchial epithelial cell
An epithelial cell of the bronchus.
GOC:tfm
An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell.
2010-09-20T02:25:25Z
neural crest derived adipocyte
An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell.
GOC:tfm
PMID:17507398
An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin.
2010-09-21T04:33:05Z
FMA:75621
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002350
endocardial endothelial cell
endothelial cell of endocardium
endocardial cell
An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin.
GOC:tfm
ISSN:0452-3458
endothelial cell of endocardium
FMA:75621
A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1.
2010-09-21T04:41:06Z
pancreatic endocrine progenitor
pancreatic islet progenitor cell
progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas
A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1.
GOC:tfm
PMID:20025937
PMID:20217494
PMID:22728667
A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis.
2010-09-22T09:05:13Z
gestational hematopoietic stem cell
A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:978-60327-246-6
A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate.
2010-09-22T01:57:40Z
corneal fibroblast
corneal keratocyte
keratocyte
A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:9780702029585
An epithelial cell of the respiratory tract epithelium. These cells have an endodermal origin.
2010-09-23T04:38:49Z
BTO:0004533
airway epithelial cell
respiratory epithelial cell
respiratory tract epithelial cell
An epithelial cell of the respiratory tract epithelium. These cells have an endodermal origin.
GOC:tfm
A transversely striated, multinucleated syncytial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts during muscle development.
2010-09-24T01:13:01Z
myofiber
myofibril
myotube
A transversely striated, multinucleated syncytial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts during muscle development.
GOC:dos
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0323052908
PMID:22274696
myofiber
FBbt:00005812
myofibril
FBbt:00005812
A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles.
2010-10-15T09:24:05Z
nucleated reticulocyte
true
A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles.
GOC:tfm
PMID:18182572
PMID:9011180
PMID:9046052
A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells.
2010-12-07T09:37:22Z
BTO:0001539
CALOHA:TS-0115
FMA:83808
FMA:84791
heart cell
From Onard of the FMA: Cardiac muscle cell or cardiac myocyte is a striated muscle cell. Cardiocyte on the other hand is any cell in the heart which includes cells other than muscle cells (e.g. endothelial cell of endocardium). Unless there is a consensus among anatomists that cardiocytes refer only to muscle cells, we will treat them as a general class of cells in the heart.
cardiocyte
A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells.
GOC:tfm
A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc
2010-12-07T04:03:56Z
BTO:0002441
FMA:84639
adventitial cell
A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc
GOC:tfm
A smooth muscle cell of the intestine.
2011-01-17T03:39:38Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002504
intestinal smooth muscle cell
enteric smooth muscle cell
true
A smooth muscle cell of the intestine.
GOC:tfm
An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
2011-02-21T02:51:22Z
subcutaneous fat cell
subcutaneous adipocyte
true
An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes.
2011-02-28T01:20:20Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002538
small bile duct cholangiocyte
intrahepatic cholangiocyte
true
An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes.
GOC:tfm
PMID:23720296
small bile duct cholangiocyte
PMID:23720296
A smooth muscle cell of the aorta.
2011-02-28T01:42:12Z
BTO:0004577
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002539
aortic smooth muscle cell
A smooth muscle cell of the aorta.
GOC:tfm
A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow.
2011-02-28T01:47:47Z
mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow
A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow.
GOC:tfm
An endothelial cell that is part of the vein.
2011-02-28T03:48:11Z
FMA:62104
KUPO:0001099
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002543
endothelial cell of vein
venous endothelial cell
vein endothelial cell
true
An endothelial cell that is part of the vein.
GOC:tfm
A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia.
2011-02-28T04:43:41Z
fibroblast of the aortic adventitia
true
A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia.
GOC:tfm
A fibroblast that is part of the heart.
2011-02-28T04:57:44Z
cardiac fibroblast
fibroblast of cardiac tissue
true
true
A fibroblast that is part of the heart.
GOC:tfm
Any skin fibroblast that is part of some dermis.
2011-02-28T05:05:33Z
fibroblast of dermis
true
Any skin fibroblast that is part of some dermis.
FBC:Autogenerated
A fibroblast that is part of lung.
2011-02-28T05:11:03Z
BTO:0000764
CALOHA:TS-0575
fibroblast of lung
true
A fibroblast that is part of lung.
GOC:tfm
A fibroblast of pulmonary artery.
2011-02-28T05:22:27Z
fibroblast of pulmonary artery
true
A fibroblast of pulmonary artery.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of the lining of the intestine.
2011-03-01T05:18:31Z
intestinal epithelial cell
An epithelial cell of the lining of the intestine.
GOC:tfm
A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue.
2011-03-01T09:57:17Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002570
mesenchymal stem cell of adipose
mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue
A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue.
GOC:tfm
A mesenchymal stem cell of liver.
2011-03-01T09:58:51Z
hepatic mesenchymal stem cell
true
A mesenchymal stem cell of liver.
GOC:tfm
A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae.
2011-03-01T10:40:27Z
vertebral mesenchymal stem cell
true
A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae.
GOC:tfm
A stromal cell of the pancreas.
2011-03-02T02:40:41Z
stromal cell of pancreas
true
A stromal cell of the pancreas.
GOC:tfm
A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina.
2011-03-06T03:28:27Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002585
retinal blood vessel endothelial cell
true
A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina.
GOC:tfm
A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature.
2011-03-06T05:00:58Z
smooth muscle cell of the brachiocephalic vasculature
A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature.
GOC:tfm
A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature.
2011-03-06T05:01:20Z
smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature
true
A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature.
GOC:tfm
A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery.
2011-03-06T05:01:28Z
BTO:0003336
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002591
smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery
A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery.
GOC:tfm
A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery.
2011-03-06T05:01:52Z
smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery
A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery.
GOC:tfm
Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery.
2011-03-06T05:01:56Z
smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery
Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery.
GOC:tfm
Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some bronchus.
2011-03-06T05:46:39Z
BTO:0004402
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002598
bronchial smooth muscle cell
Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some bronchus.
FBC:Autogenerated
A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus.
2011-03-06T05:48:17Z
smooth muscle cell of the esophagus
true
A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus.
GOC:tfm
A smooth muscle cell of the trachea.
2011-03-06T05:50:28Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002600
smooth muscle cell of trachea
A smooth muscle cell of the trachea.
GOC:tfm
A neuron of the raphe nuclei.
2011-03-06T07:42:06Z
raphe nuclei neuron
A neuron of the raphe nuclei.
GOC:tfm
A neuron of the ventral spinal cord.
2011-03-06T07:46:03Z
neuron of the ventral spinal cord
A neuron of the ventral spinal cord.
GOC:tfm
A fibroblast of skin.
2011-03-14T12:31:49Z
BTO:0001255
CALOHA:TS-0935
skin fibroblast
true
A fibroblast of skin.
GOC:tfm
Any epithelial cell that is part of some lower respiratory tract epithelium.
2011-06-21T12:29:31Z
epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract
Any epithelial cell that is part of some lower respiratory tract epithelium.
FBC:Autogenerated
A squamous shaped endothelial cell.
2011-07-08T03:31:25Z
squamous endothelial cell
A squamous shaped endothelial cell.
GOC:dos
A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus.
2011-07-08T03:55:57Z
FMA:86548
glandular cell of esophagus
true
true
A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus.
GOC:tfm
A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine.
2011-07-08T04:03:01Z
FMA:87194
glandular cell of the large intestine
true
A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine.
GOC:tfm
A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach.
2011-07-11T01:20:35Z
CALOHA:TS-1284
FMA:86554
glandular cell of stomach
glandular epithelial cell of stomach
A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach.
GOC:tfm
A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium.
2011-07-11T02:45:39Z
FMA:83389
myocardial endocrine cell of atrium
true
A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium.
GOC:tfm
A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart.
2011-07-11T03:15:38Z
cardiovascular progenitor cell
CPC
Discrepancy in develops from origins prevents me from making the assertion that cardioblasts give rise to all instances of cardiocytes as we state cardiac muscle cells develop from cardiac myoblast, which in turn develop from muscle stem cell.
cardioblast
A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart.
GOC:tfm
PMID:19745164
cardiovascular progenitor cell
PMID:17519333
PMID:19745164
CPC
PMID:19745164
A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells.
2011-08-16T02:38:01Z
retinal progenitor cell
A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells.
GOC:tfm
PMID:20959166
PMID:21148186
A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell.
2011-08-22T09:24:15Z
neural crest derived neuroblast
A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell.
GOC:tfm
PMID:17407019
A PP cell found in intestine.
2011-09-27T11:59:01Z
PP cell of intestine
true
A PP cell found in intestine.
GOC:tfm
PMID:2420136
PMID:728970
A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord.
Is_a interneuron, part_of UBERON:0002240.
spinal cord interneuron
true
A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord.
CL:CVS
A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic.
somatic motor neuron
somatomotor neuron
A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic.
ZFIN:CVS
Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0005026
hepatoblast
https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800
Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation.
GOC:CVS
PMID:18356246
PMID:20483998
PMID:26798363
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-6740
Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
2012-06-15T02:51:27Z
scleroblast
Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. (http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts)
skeletogenic cell
Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized).
GO_REF:0000034
scleroblast
GO_REF:0000034
Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells.
2012-06-27T08:27:35Z
premigratory neural crest cell
Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells.
UBERONREF:0000002
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
2012-06-27T10:44:01Z
prechondroblast
Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells.
GO_REF:0000034
Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres.
non-striated muscle cell
Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres.
GOC:DOS
Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type.
hematopoietic precursor cell
Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type.
GOC:dos
A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
MESH:D018485
skeletal muscle fiber
A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
GOC:tfm
ISBN:0323052908
A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle.
visceral muscle cell
A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle.
GOC:dos
A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods.
striated visceral muscle cell
A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods.
GOC:dos
A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods.
transversely striated visceral muscle cell
A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods.
GOC:dos
A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers.
myogenic precursor cell
The vast majority of these cells develop from skeletal muscle satellite cells, although there are some reports of other origins.
adult skeletal muscle myoblast
A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers.
PMID:23303905
myogenic precursor cell
PMID:23303905
A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration.
mesenchyme cell
mesenchymal cell
A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves.
endocardial cushion cell
A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves.
PMID:18816864
An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas.
pancreatic endocrine cell
An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas.
GOC:dos
A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter.
noradrenergic neuron
A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter.
GOC:dos
Any neuron that is capable of part of some visual perception.
2017-07-09T19:12:36Z
visual system neuron
Any neuron that is capable of part of some visual perception.
FBC:Autogenerated
Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation.
2020-02-29T17:33:55Z
mural cell
Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation.
Wiki:Mural_cell&oldid=930603194
Any vascular associated smooth muscle cell that is part of some microcirculatory vessel.
2020-02-29T17:37:00Z
microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell
Any vascular associated smooth muscle cell that is part of some microcirculatory vessel.
FBC:Autogenerated
A mesothelial cell that is part of the intestinal serosa.
2025-02-04T18:42:26Z
mesothelial cell of intestine
A mesothelial cell that is part of the intestinal serosa.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.
spinal sensory neuron
sensory neuron of spinal nerve
A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.
GOC:nv
GOC:pr
Any cell in the compound eye, a light sensing organ composed of ommatidia.
GOC:pr
PMID:12021768
compound eye retinal cell
Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
PMID:10702418
retinal cell
Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
GOC:pr
An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0009006
small intestine enteroendocrine cell
enteroendocrine cell of small intestine
An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
An intestinal stem cell that is located in the large intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the large intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells.
crypt stem cell of large intestine
stem cell of large intestine crypt of Lieberkuhn
intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine
An intestinal stem cell that is located in the large intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the large intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells.
PMID:20683682
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865
An intestinal stem cell that is located in the small intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the small intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells.
crypt stem cell of small intestine
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0009017
stem cell of small intestine crypt of Lieberkuhn
intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine
An intestinal stem cell that is located in the small intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the small intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells.
PMID:20683682
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865
A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine.
stromal cell of lamina propria of large intestine
A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865
A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine.
stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine
A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865
A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine.
mesothelial cell of small intestine
A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865
A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon.
mesothelial cell of large intestine
mesothelial cell of colon
A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865
A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon.
stromal cell of colon lamina propria
stromal cell of lamina propria of colon
A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon.
colon enteroendocrine cell
enteroendocrine cell of colon
An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
An intestinal crypt stem cell that is located in the crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0009043
intestinal crypt stem cell of colon
An intestinal crypt stem cell that is located in the crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon.
PMID:10841502
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum.
anorectum smooth muscle cell
smooth muscle cell of anorectum
A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum.
stromal cell of anorectum lamina propria
A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
An intestinal crypt stem cell that is located in the anorectum.
anorectum intestinal crypt stem cell
intestinal crypt stem cell of anorectum
An intestinal crypt stem cell that is located in the anorectum.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum.
anorectum enteroendocrine cell
enteroendocrine cell of anorectum
An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum.
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein.
2021-12-13T14:01:05Z
portal endothelial cell
EFO:0010704
endothelial cell of hepatic portal vein
An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein.
PMID:30348985
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865
A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development.
2022-02-21T15:39:10Z
embryonic skeletal muscle fiber
A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development.
PMID:32094117
PMID:7196501
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-601X
A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen.
2022-03-17T12:00:44Z
portal fibroblast
hepatic portal fibroblast
A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen.
PMID:20209607
PMID:24814904
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-4833
A stromal cell that is part_of a bone marrow.
bone marrow stromal cell
stromal cell of bone marrow
Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of some heart.
cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell
Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of some heart.
FBC:Autogenerated
Any cell that is part of some His-Purkinje system.
His-Purkinje system cell
Any cell that is part of some His-Purkinje system.
FBC:Autogenerated
Any endothelial cell that is part of some heart.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0010008
cardiac endothelial cell
Any endothelial cell that is part of some heart.
FBC:Autogenerated
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye.
camera type eye photoreceptor cell
camera-type eye photoreceptor cell
https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/2245
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye.
FBC:Autogenerated
A zygote in a plant or an animal.
MESH:D015053
zygote
Any glial cell that is part of some heart.
cardiac glial cell
Any glial cell that is part of some heart.
FBC:Autogenerated
Any myoblast that develops into some cardiac muscle cell.
MESH:D032386
cardiac myoblast
Any myoblast that develops into some cardiac muscle cell.
FBC:Autogenerated
A neuron that has its soma in the heart.
This term is used in 3 GO terms that were created as part of the heart development focus project.
cardiac neuron
https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/pull/1488
A neuron that has its soma in the heart.
PMID:12486170
PMID:29265764
A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
spinal cord motor neuron
true
A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
GOC:nv
A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites.
paraxial mesoderm cell
somitic mesoderm cell
presomitic mesoderm cell
paraxial cell
A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites.
GOC:NV
PMID:11687492
A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0011012
neural crest cell
A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880
A mesothelial cell that is part of the epicardium.
mesothelial cell of epicardium
A fibroblast that is part of upper back skin.
fibroblast of upper back skin
A fibroblast that is part of skin of back.
fibroblast of skin of back
A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses.
progenitor cell
A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses.
ISBN:978-1-62808-994-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409503-8.00002-0
Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0011027
skeleton muscle fibroblast
skeletal muscle fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue.
PMID:28369879
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-0667
Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis.
DMEC cell
dermal microvascular endothelium cell
dermal microvascular endothelial cell
Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis.
BTO:0004574
CL:patterns/cellPartOfAnatomicalEntity
Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium.
colonic epithelial cell
colon epithelial cell
Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium.
GOC:NV
A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types.
Work is needed on GO 'cell differentiation' before it is clear whether the equivalent class definition 'native cell' that capable_of some 'cell differentiation' works. Also, may want to consider merging this with non-terminally differentiated cell.
precursor cell
A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types.
GOC:dos
Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain.
2009-12-22T04:23:25Z
eosinophilic
acidophilic cytoplasm
Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain.
GOC:add
Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions.
2009-12-22T04:24:54Z
basophilic cytoplasm
Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions.
GOC:tfm
Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions.
2009-12-28T04:25:23Z
polychromatophilic cytoplasm
Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions.
GOC:tfm
Any serous secreting cell that is part of the tracheobronchial epithelium.
2020-05-07T16:03:27Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0019001
serous cell of tracheobronchial tree
tracheobronchial serous cell
Any chondrocyte that is part of the tracheobronchial tree.
2020-05-07T17:29:51Z
chondrocyte of tracheobronchial tree
tracheobronchial chondrocyte
A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel.
2020-07-21T12:42:48Z
smooth muscle cell of blood vessel
blood vessel smooth muscle cell
A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel.
PMID:9108778
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree.
2020-07-21T12:50:22Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0019019
smooth muscle cell of tracheobronchial tree
The marker set ACTA2, TAGLN can identify the Human cell type tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell in the Lung with a confidence of 0.69 (NS-Forest FBeta value).
tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree.
PMID:10853867
The marker set ACTA2, TAGLN can identify the Human cell type tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell in the Lung with a confidence of 0.69 (NS-Forest FBeta value).
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11165918
An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes.
2020-09-03T12:24:24Z
large bile duct cholangiocyte
extrahepatic cholangiocyte
An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes.
PMID:23720296
large bile duct cholangiocyte
PMID:23720296
An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid.
2020-09-09T13:56:47Z
EFO:0010705
periportal LSEC
periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell
endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid
An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid.
PMID:27423426
periportal LSEC
PMID:28287163
periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell
PMID:30348985
An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid.
2020-09-10T12:38:29Z
EFO:0010706
central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell
pericentral LSEC
endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid
An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid.
PMID:27423426
central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell
PMID:30348985
pericentral LSEC
PMID:28287163
A specialised neuroendocrine cell located in the gastric mucosa that regulates digestive processes including acid secretion and gut motility. This cell stores hormones in large dense core vesicles and synaptic-like microvesicles.
DES cell
diffuse endocrine system cell
stomach neuroendocrine cell
A specialised neuroendocrine cell located in the gastric mucosa that regulates digestive processes including acid secretion and gut motility. This cell stores hormones in large dense core vesicles and synaptic-like microvesicles.
PMID:15153415
DES cell
PMID:15153415
diffuse endocrine system cell
PMID:15153415
A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000223
lung neuroendocrine cell
PNEC
The marker set CHGA, GRP can identify the Human cell type lung neuroendocrine cell in the Lung with a confidence of 0.94 (NS-Forest FBeta value).
pulmonary neuroendocrine cell
A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury.
PMID:33355253
doi:10.3109/01902148209069653
doi:10.7554/eLife.78216
lung neuroendocrine cell
PMID:15018448
PNEC
PMID:33355253
The marker set CHGA, GRP can identify the Human cell type lung neuroendocrine cell in the Lung with a confidence of 0.94 (NS-Forest FBeta value).
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11165918
Any secretory cell that is part of some lung.
lung secretory cell
Any secretory cell that is part of some lung.
FBC:Autogenerated
An extraembryonic cell that is part of the trophectoderm, representing the first lineage to differentiate in the embryo. This cell is crucial for implantation into the uterine wall and differentiates into trophoblast cells, which contribute to placenta formation and facilitate maternal-fetal nutrient and signal exchange.
trophectoderm cell
trophectodermal cell
An extraembryonic cell that is part of the trophectoderm, representing the first lineage to differentiate in the embryo. This cell is crucial for implantation into the uterine wall and differentiates into trophoblast cells, which contribute to placenta formation and facilitate maternal-fetal nutrient and signal exchange.
PMID:22918806
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine.
FMA:15050
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000275
non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine
smooth muscle cell of small intestine
true
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine.
GOC:tfm
non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine
FMA:15050
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum.
FMA:15058
non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum
smooth muscle fiber of duodenum
true
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum.
GOC:tfm
non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum
FMA:15058
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine.
FMA:15653
non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine
smooth muscle cell of large intestine
true
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine.
GOC:tfm
non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine
FMA:15653
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon.
FMA:15663
non-striated muscle fiber of colon
smooth muscle cell of colon
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon.
GOC:tfm
non-striated muscle fiber of colon
FMA:15663
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon.
FMA:17521
non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon
smooth muscle cell of sigmoid colon
true
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon.
GOC:tfm
non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon
FMA:17521
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum.
FMA:17522
non-striated muscle fiber of rectum
smooth muscle fiber of rectum
smooth muscle cell of rectum
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum.
GOC:tfm
non-striated muscle fiber of rectum
FMA:17522
A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue.
FMA:261279
fibroblast of areolar connective tissue
true
A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue.
GOC:tfm
A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery.
FMA:261285
fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery
A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery.
GOC:tfm
A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue.
FMA:261287
fibroblast of dense regular elastic tissue
A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue.
GOC:tfm
An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat.
FMA:261293
adipocyte of epicardial fat
epicardial fat cell
epicardial adipocyte
An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat.
GOC:tfm
adipocyte of epicardial fat
FMA:261293
epicardial fat cell
FMA:261293
An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle.
FMA:261297
epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle
epicardial fat cell of right ventricle
adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle
An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle.
GOC:tfm
epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle
FMA:261297
epicardial fat cell of right ventricle
FMA:261297
An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle.
FMA:261300
epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle
epicardial fat cell of left ventricle
adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle
An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle.
GOC:tfm
epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle
FMA:261300
epicardial fat cell of left ventricle
FMA:261300
A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea.
FMA:263078
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000330
serous cell of epithelium of trachea
A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea.
GOC:tfm
A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus.
FMA:263080
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000331
serous cell of epithelium of bronchus
A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus.
GOC:tfm
A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum.
FMA:263152
transitional myocyte of interatrial septum
true
A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum.
GOC:tfm
A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum.
FMA:263154
transitional myocyte of interventricular septum
true
A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum.
GOC:tfm
A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum.
FMA:263182
Purkinje myocyte of interventricular septum
true
A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum.
GOC:tfm
An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates.
BTO:000125
FMA:62911
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000398
LSEC
endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid
liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid
An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates.
GOC:tfm
PMID:3926620
LSEC
PMID:30348985
endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid
FMA:62911
liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
PMID:30348985
A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node.
FMA:67102
SA nodal myocyte
SA node cardiac muscle cell
sinoatrial node cell
sinoatrial node myocyte
sinuatrial node myocyte
myocyte of sinoatrial node
A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node.
FMA:67102
GOC:tfm
SA nodal myocyte
FMA:67102
SA node cardiac muscle cell
GOC:pr
sinoatrial node cell
GOC:pr
sinuatrial node myocyte
FMA:67102
A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node.
FMA:67106
AV nodal myocyte
AV node cardiac muscle cell
AV node cell
atrioventricular node cell
atrioventricular node myocyte
myocyte of atrioventricular node
A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node.
FMA:67106
GOC:tfm
AV nodal myocyte
FMA:67106
AV node cardiac muscle cell
GOC:pr
AV node cell
GOC:pr
atrioventricular node cell
GOC:pr
atrioventricular node myocyte
FMA:67106
An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole.
FMA:67760
KUPO:0001097
endothelial cell of arteriole
true
An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole.
GOC:tfm
A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium.
BTO:0004758
FMA:67761
KUPO:0001095
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000413
arterial endothelial cell
endothelial cell of artery
A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium.
GOC:tfm
An endothelial cell that is part of the venule.
FMA:67762
endothelial cell of venule
An endothelial cell that is part of the venule.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder.
FMA:67780
epithelial cell of gallbladder
An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder.
GOC:tfm
A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis.
FMA:70541
epidermal stem cell
stem cell of epidermis
true
A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis.
GOC:tfm
epidermal stem cell
FMA:70541
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body.
FMA:70610
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000443
smooth muscle cell of ciliary body
ciliary muscle cell
true
A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body.
GOC:tfm
smooth muscle cell of ciliary body
FMA:70610
A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball.
FMA:70615
mesothelial cell of anterior chamber of eye
A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball.
GOC:tfm
A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum.
FMA:72142
mesothelial cell of parietal peritoneum
A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum.
GOC:tfm
A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum.
FMA:72143
mesothelial cell of visceral peritoneum
A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum.
GOC:tfm
A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node.
FMA:83384
transitinal myocyte of sinuatrial node
transitional myocyte of sinoatrial node
true
A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node.
GOC:tfm
A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node.
FMA:83386
Purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular node
true
A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node.
GOC:tfm
A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum.
FMA:83390
myocardial endocrine cell of interventricular septum
true
A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts.
FMA:86481
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000488
epithelial cell of bile duct
cholangiocyte
true
An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts.
GOC:tfm
PMID:16550043
PMID:18356246
A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum.
FMA:86736
peritoneal mesothelial cell
mesothelial cell of peritoneum
A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum.
GOC:tfm
peritoneal mesothelial cell
FMA:86736
A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura.
FMA:86737
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000491
pleural mesothelial cell
mesothelial cell of pleura
A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura.
GOC:tfm
pleural mesothelial cell
FMA:86737
A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura.
FMA:86738
mesothelial cell of parietal pleura
A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura.
GOC:tfm
A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura.
FMA:86739
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000493
mesothelial cell of visceral pleura
A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura.
GOC:tfm
An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas.
FMA:70986
exocrine pancreas cell
epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas
An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas.
GOC:tfm
The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract.
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1001516
intestinal enteroendocrine cell
The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract.
MP:0010802
The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the stomach.
stomach enteroendocrine cell
The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the stomach.
MP:0010803
Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some lung.
endothelial cell of lung
pulmonary vessel endothelial cell
lung endothelial cell
Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some lung.
FBC:Autogenerated
Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some pulmonary artery.
BTO:0001141
PAEC cell
pulmonary artery endothelial cell
Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some pulmonary artery.
FBC:Autogenerated
PAEC cell
BTO:0001141
A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels.
CALOHA:TS-2397
colon endothelial cells
colonic endothelial cell
colon endothelial cell
A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels.
NPX:PDR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
colon endothelial cells
CALOHA:TS-2397
colonic endothelial cell
CALOHA:TS-2397
Squamous cell of oral epithelium.
CALOHA:TS-1252
oral cavity mucosa squamous cell
oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell
oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell
oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells
oral mucosa squamous cell
Squamous cell of oral epithelium.
NPX:PDR
oral cavity mucosa squamous cell
CALOHA:TS-1252
oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell
CALOHA:TS-1252
oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell
CALOHA:TS-1252
oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells
CALOHA:TS-1252
Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells.
CALOHA:TS-1274
colon glandular cells
colon glandular cell
Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells.
NPX:PDR
colon glandular cells
CALOHA:TS-1274
Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell.
CALOHA:TS-1275
duodenum glandular cells
duodenum secretory cell
Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell.
NPX:PDR
duodenum glandular cells
CALOHA:TS-1275
Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium.
CALOHA:TS-1278
gall bladder glandular cell
gall bladder glandular cells
gallbladder glandular cells
gallbladder glandular cell
Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium.
NPX:PDR
gall bladder glandular cell
FMA:7202
gall bladder glandular cells
CALOHA:TS-1278
gallbladder glandular cells
CALOHA:TS-1278
Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells.
CALOHA:TS-1281
rectal glandular cell
rectum glandular cells
rectum glandular cell
Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells.
NPX:PDR
rectal glandular cell
CALOHA:TS-1281
rectum glandular cells
CALOHA:TS-1281
A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) .
CALOHA:TS-1286
FMA:86928
small intestinal glandular cell
small bowel glandular cell
small intestine glandular cells
small intestine secretory cell
A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) .
NCI_Thesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Glandular_Cell
NPX:PDR
small intestinal glandular cell
CALOHA:TS-1286
small bowel glandular cell
CALOHA:TS-1286
small intestine glandular cells
CALOHA:TS-1286
Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts.
BTO:0000028
CALOHA:TS-1242
exocrine pancreas glandular cell
pancreas exocrine glandular cells
pancreas exocrine glandular cell
Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts.
HPA:HPA
NPX:PDR
exocrine pancreas glandular cell
CALOHA:TS-1242
pancreas exocrine glandular cells
CALOHA:TS-1242
Fibroblast from muscle organ.
CALOHA:TS-0643
muscle fibroblast
Fibroblast from muscle organ.
NPX:PDR
Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes.
CALOHA:TS-2109
bone marrow hematopoietic cells
bone marrow poietic cells
bone marrow hematopoietic cell
Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes.
NPX:PDR
bone marrow hematopoietic cells
CALOHA:TS-2109
bone marrow poietic cells
CALOHA:TS-2109
An epithelial cell that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules.
2024-07-21T09:24:44Z
secretory epithelial cell
An epithelial cell that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules.
Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium.
2014-06-04T15:07:42Z
CL:2000008
microvascular endothelial cell
Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium.
GOC:TermGenie
Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis.
2014-06-04T15:12:06Z
CL:2000010
dermis blood vessel endothelial cell
Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis.
GOC:TermGenie
Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen.
2014-06-04T15:18:16Z
CL:2000013
fibroblast of skin of abdomen
Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen.
GOC:TermGenie
Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium.
2014-06-04T16:00:56Z
CL:2000016
lung microvascular endothelial cell
Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium.
GOC:TermGenie
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye.
2014-06-24T23:16:45Z
CL:2000019
compound eye photoreceptor cell
Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye.
GOC:TermGenie
Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass.
2014-06-24T23:16:53Z
CL:2000020
inner cell mass cell
Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass.
GOC:TermGenie
Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum.
2014-06-24T23:17:07Z
CL:2000022
cardiac septum cell
Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum.
GOC:TermGenie
Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system.
2014-06-25T01:17:43Z
CL:2000029
central nervous system neuron
Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system.
GOC:TermGenie
A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system.
2014-06-25T02:28:17Z
FMA:84664
PNS neuron
peripheral neuron
CL:2000032
peripheral nervous system neuron
A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system.
GOC:TermGenie
ISBN:0721662544
Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo.
2014-07-09T00:12:00Z
CL:2000042
embryonic fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo.
GOC:TermGenie
Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain.
2014-07-09T00:24:53Z
CL:2000044
brain microvascular endothelial cell
Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain.
GOC:TermGenie
Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle.
2014-08-12T20:50:28Z
https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_2000046
CL:2000046
ventricular cardiac muscle cell
Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle.
GOC:TermGenie
Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem.
2014-10-02T23:52:53Z
CL:2000047
brainstem motor neuron
Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem.
GOC:TermGenie
Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen.
2014-10-06T18:58:47Z
CL:2000051
splenic fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen.
GOC:TermGenie
Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen.
2014-10-06T19:06:04Z
CL:2000053
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5500
splenic endothelial cell
Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen.
GOC:TermGenie
Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad.
2014-10-07T17:57:42Z
CL:2000063
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7330
ovarian fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad.
GOC:TermGenie
Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad.
2014-10-07T17:59:13Z
CL:2000064
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7310
ovarian surface epithelial cell
Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad.
GOC:TermGenie
Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle.
2014-10-07T18:35:38Z
CL:2000066
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6310
cardiac ventricle fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle.
GOC:TermGenie
Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium.
2014-10-07T18:36:54Z
CL:2000067
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6320
cardiac atrium fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium.
GOC:TermGenie
Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium.
2014-10-07T18:38:06Z
CL:2000068
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6430
pericardium fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium.
GOC:TermGenie
Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder.
2014-10-07T18:41:43Z
CL:2000069
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5430
gallbladder fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder.
GOC:TermGenie
Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid.
2014-10-07T18:50:43Z
CL:2000070
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6620
optic choroid fibroblast
Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid.
GOC:TermGenie
Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue.
2014-10-07T22:13:45Z
CL:2000072
http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7200
adipose microvascular endothelial cell
Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue.
GOC:TermGenie
Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest.
2014-11-05T01:18:43Z
cardiac neural crest cell
CL:2000073
migratory cardiac neural crest cell
Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest.
GOC:TermGenie
cardiac neural crest cell
PMID:33060096
Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen.
2014-11-05T01:26:50Z
CL:2000074
Splenocytes is a vague term that refers to any one of the different white blood cell types in the spleen. This name is seen many references as such and is not explained further, necessitating a need for this terminology.
splenocyte
Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen.
GOC:TermGenie
Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen.
2014-12-02T19:10:34Z
mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose
CL:2000080
mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose tissue
Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen.
GOC:TermGenie
Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus.
2015-03-31T21:16:22Z
CL:2000093
bronchus fibroblast of lung
Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus.
GOC:TermGenie
A neuron type that is located in a peripheral nervous system and it transmits sensory information from the peripheral (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS). A sensory neuron converts physical (light, sound, touch) or chemical (such as taste and smell) stimuli into an electrical signal through a process known as sensory transduction. The function of a sensory neuron is to carry informations from the external environment and internal body conditions to the central nervous system for further processing.
2019-02-25T19:34:33Z
CL:3000004
Typically, a sensory neuron has a pseudounipolar morphology.
peripheral sensory neuron
A neuron type that is located in a peripheral nervous system and it transmits sensory information from the peripheral (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS). A sensory neuron converts physical (light, sound, touch) or chemical (such as taste and smell) stimuli into an electrical signal through a process known as sensory transduction. The function of a sensory neuron is to carry informations from the external environment and internal body conditions to the central nervous system for further processing.
GOC:CellBLAST
PMID:30096314
PMID:31554486
PMID:35858549
Wikipedia:Sensory_neuron
https://www.britannica.com/science/sensory-neuron
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539846/
Typically, a sensory neuron has a pseudounipolar morphology.
Wikipedia:Sensory_neuron
A cell that is part of the brain vasculature.
brain vascular cell
A cell that is part of the brain vasculature.
DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898
A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain.
midbrain-derived inhibitory neuron
A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain.
DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898
A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli.
somatosensory neuron
A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli.
PMID:22865660
Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of a lung.
2021-11-23T02:31:40Z
lung capillary endothelial cell
pulmonary capillary endothelial cell
A(n) neuroendocrine cell that is part of a(n) epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn.
neuroendocrine cell of epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn
A(n) neuroendocrine cell that is part of a(n) epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn.
PMID:31390635
A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland.
The marker set PRR4, C6orf58 can identify the Human cell type serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland in the Lung with a confidence of 0.75 (NS-Forest FBeta value).
serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland
A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland.
PMID:5487122
PMID:9651178
The marker set PRR4, C6orf58 can identify the Human cell type serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland in the Lung with a confidence of 0.75 (NS-Forest FBeta value).
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11165918
A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system.
vein endothelial cell of respiratory system
A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system.
PMID:34030460
A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue.
2023-03-16T11:31:23Z
lung resident megakaryocyte
lung-resident megakaryocyte
MKL
lung MKs
lung megakaryocyte
A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue.
PMID:33351116
lung resident megakaryocyte
PMID:36524131
lung-resident megakaryocyte
PMID:36524131
MKL
PMID:36524131
lung MKs
PMID:33351116
A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea.
2023-03-16T13:03:13Z
tracheal submucosal gland mucous cell
mucus secreting cell of trachea gland
A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea.
PMID:18931053
PMID:29656943
tracheal submucosal gland mucous cell
PMID:18931053
A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the bronchus.
2023-03-16T15:12:52Z
bronchial gland mucous cell
The marker set BPIFB2 can identify the Human cell type mucus secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland in the Lung with a confidence of 0.93 (NS-Forest FBeta value).
mucus secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland
A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the bronchus.
PMID:19965983
bronchial gland mucous cell
PMID:5487122
The marker set BPIFB2 can identify the Human cell type mucus secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland in the Lung with a confidence of 0.93 (NS-Forest FBeta value).
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11165918
A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree.
2023-04-20T10:55:50Z
mucus secreting cell of tracheobronchial tree submucosal gland
A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree.
PMID:30864819
A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter.
2023-05-18T12:07:45Z
Frequently used when describing the developing nervous system in zebrafish. A catecholaminergic neuron expresses tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PEMT), which are enzymes necessary for catecholamine synthesis.
catecholaminergic neuron
A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter.
ISBN:0521442516
PMID:12094209
Frequently used when describing the developing nervous system in zebrafish. A catecholaminergic neuron expresses tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PEMT), which are enzymes necessary for catecholamine synthesis.
PMID:10191060
PMID:12128258
PMID:34880760
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-7917
A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics.
2023-08-22T13:40:28Z
perivascular cell
A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics.
PMID:24928499
PMID:27889329
An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver.
endothelial cell of central vein
endothelial cell of central vein of liver
An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver.
PMID:28287163
endothelial cell of central vein
PMID:28287163
A stem cell that is part of the corneo-scleral limbus. This cell type resides at the basal layer of the epithelium and has a small size and high nuclear to cytoplasmatic ratio (Secker and Daniels, 2009). A limbal stem cell is responsible for corneal epithelial renewal and repair (Li et al., 2023), and to help maintain a clear corneal surface by preventing conjunctival epithelial cells from migrating onto the cornea (Wang et al., 2023).
2024-12-11T13:59:19Z
limbal epithelial stem cell
limbal stem cell
LESC
LSC
limbal epithelial stem cell of cornea
A stem cell that is part of the corneo-scleral limbus. This cell type resides at the basal layer of the epithelium and has a small size and high nuclear to cytoplasmatic ratio (Secker and Daniels, 2009). A limbal stem cell is responsible for corneal epithelial renewal and repair (Li et al., 2023), and to help maintain a clear corneal surface by preventing conjunctival epithelial cells from migrating onto the cornea (Wang et al., 2023).
PMID:20614614
PMID:29105366
PMID:36983561
PMID:37768272
limbal epithelial stem cell
PMID:20614614
limbal stem cell
PMID:17562792
LESC
PMID:20614614
LSC
PMID:36983561
Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region.
2023-09-18T10:43:00Z
OAMSC
Orbital ASCs
orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell
mesenchymal stem cell of orbital adipose tissue
Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region.
OAMSC
PMID:31377878
Orbital ASCs
PMID:30210548
orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell
PMID:31377878
A fibroblast located in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. This cell expresses PDGFRα and CD81 and is negative for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). This cell is predominantly located in the small intestine adjacent to myofibroblasts surrounding the crypts. It is capable of synthesizing extracellular matrix components and structural proteins such as collagen and elastin.
2024-09-24T15:45:18Z
S1 fibroblast
intestinal lamina propria fibroblast
A fibroblast located in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. This cell expresses PDGFRα and CD81 and is negative for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). This cell is predominantly located in the small intestine adjacent to myofibroblasts surrounding the crypts. It is capable of synthesizing extracellular matrix components and structural proteins such as collagen and elastin.
PMID:21252048
PMID:36032088
S1 fibroblast
PMID:30270042
Any type G enteroendocrine cell that is part of some epithelium of stomach.
2024-10-24T10:43:22Z
type G cell of stomach
Any type G enteroendocrine cell that is part of some epithelium of stomach.
FBC:Autogenerated
A multinucleate cell formed by the fusion of multiple uninuclear cells through plasma membrane fusion. This process leads to a single large cell containing multiple nuclei within a shared cytoplasm.
2024-08-15T10:38:46Z
syncytium
SC
syncytial cell
A multinucleate cell formed by the fusion of multiple uninuclear cells through plasma membrane fusion. This process leads to a single large cell containing multiple nuclei within a shared cytoplasm.
PMID:20851884
Wikipedia:Syncytium
syncytium
WBbt:0008074
SC
PMID:9067520
A capillary endothelial cell that is part of the intestinal villus. This cell is highly fenestrated, with fenestrations most numerous at the villus tips, and plays a vital role in nutrient absorption and maintaining the selective permeability of the intestinal barrier.
2024-09-17T10:03:25Z
villus blood capillary endothelial cells
villus tip endothelial cell
intestinal villus capillary endothelial cell
A capillary endothelial cell that is part of the intestinal villus. This cell is highly fenestrated, with fenestrations most numerous at the villus tips, and plays a vital role in nutrient absorption and maintaining the selective permeability of the intestinal barrier.
PMID:18480313
PMID:35810168
PMID:38051275
villus blood capillary endothelial cells
PMID:35810168
villus tip endothelial cell
PMID:38051275
An epithelial cell that is part of the crypt of Lieberkuhn, originating from intestinal stem cells and giving rise to enteroendocrine cells (EECs). In mouse and human, this cell can be characterized by the expression of Neurog3, and has the ability to proliferate and differentiate into multiple EEC subtypes. Its proliferative potential contributes to crypt growth, distinguishing it from fully differentiated EECs.
2024-09-20T12:13:26Z
EEC Progenitor
The EEC progenitor is also present in other organisms; for example, flies have EEC progenitors but lack intestinal crypts and do not express the same markers. Instead, they are Dl+ and Pros+.
intestinal enteroendocrine progenitor
An epithelial cell that is part of the crypt of Lieberkuhn, originating from intestinal stem cells and giving rise to enteroendocrine cells (EECs). In mouse and human, this cell can be characterized by the expression of Neurog3, and has the ability to proliferate and differentiate into multiple EEC subtypes. Its proliferative potential contributes to crypt growth, distinguishing it from fully differentiated EECs.
PMID:31756561
PMID:32531023
PMID:35913117
PMID:38260422
doi:/10.1038/s41467-021-27901-5
EEC Progenitor
PMID:31756561
The EEC progenitor is also present in other organisms; for example, flies have EEC progenitors but lack intestinal crypts and do not express the same markers. Instead, they are Dl+ and Pros+.
PMID:25670791
A capillary endothelial cell that is part of islet of Langerhans, characterized by a high density of fenestrations —approximately ten times greater than those in exocrine pancreatic capillaries. These fenestrations facilitate efficient hormone exchange, which is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. The cell's structure and function are regulated by the local production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), which maintains its fenestrated architecture.
2024-09-30T14:36:12Z
islet endothelial cell
pancreatic islet endothelial cell
pancreatic islet capillary endothelial cell
A capillary endothelial cell that is part of islet of Langerhans, characterized by a high density of fenestrations —approximately ten times greater than those in exocrine pancreatic capillaries. These fenestrations facilitate efficient hormone exchange, which is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. The cell's structure and function are regulated by the local production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), which maintains its fenestrated architecture.
PMID:16607697
PMID:27124642
PMID:28396983
PMID:33200981
islet endothelial cell
PMID:16607697
PMID:28396983
pancreatic islet endothelial cell
PMID:16607697
Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of an endocrine gland.
2024-09-30T15:27:49Z
endocrine gland capillary endothelial cell
Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of an endocrine gland.
PMID:18480313
A fibroblast of the adventitia of a blood vessel. This cell contributes to vascular homeostasis, remodeling, and inflammation by producing extracellular matrix components, cytokines, and growth factors. Adventitial fibroblast can transition into an activated state during injury or disease, marked by increased proliferation, migration, matrix deposition, and contractile protein expression
2024-12-05T11:01:15Z
Single-cell transcriptomics of murine aorta identifies two adventitial fibroblast-specific markers, PDGFRA and DPEP1, which were validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry across human and murine arteries, highlighting fibroblast heterogeneity in health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans and mice.
adventitial fibroblast
A fibroblast of the adventitia of a blood vessel. This cell contributes to vascular homeostasis, remodeling, and inflammation by producing extracellular matrix components, cytokines, and growth factors. Adventitial fibroblast can transition into an activated state during injury or disease, marked by increased proliferation, migration, matrix deposition, and contractile protein expression
PMID:28705796
PMID:36718802
Single-cell transcriptomics of murine aorta identifies two adventitial fibroblast-specific markers, PDGFRA and DPEP1, which were validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry across human and murine arteries, highlighting fibroblast heterogeneity in health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans and mice.
PMID:36718802
root node
Life cycle
A temporal phase encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism.
Life cycle phase
Biological process during which certain cells of a female or male individual (parent) are transformed into specialized reproductive cells (gametes) that will initiate development of a progeny individual (offspring) upon fertilization.
gametogenesis phase
Period during which female gametes (or oocytes, or eggs) develop and mature from primordial female germ cells to generate cells competent to further development upon fertilization by a mature spermatozoid.
ovogenesis period
oogenesis period
ecao_developmental_stage
A female gamete that is small in size, i.e. about 10 microm in diameter, and that is at the previtellogenic stage.
previtellogenic primary oocyte stage
ecao_developmental_stage
A developing female gamete that started growing in size by accumulation of yolk proteins. At this stage, it is characterized by the presence of a large nucleus, the germinal vesicle, which contains a prominent nucleolus and occupies most of the cytoplasm.
not fully grown oocyte stage
ecao_developmental_stage
A developing female gamete that has reached its full size. It has grown up to ten times its original size, i.e. 80 to 100microm. It also displays a large germinal vesicle that is centered, but it is still not competent for fertilization.
fully grown oocyte with centered germinal vesicle stage
ecao_developmental_stage
A developing female gamete that has reached its full size and in which the germinal vesicle has moved asymmetrically to the cell periphery. The germinal vesicle is now close to the animal pole.
primary oocyte
fully grown oocyte with off-centered germinal vesicle stage
ecao_developmental_stage
A developing female gamete in which the germinal vesicle has broken down. The germinal vesicle is no longer visible. However, the female gamete is still not mature. It is undergoing meiotic maturation, extruding successively a first and a second polar body.
fully grown oocyte with no nucleus stage
ecao_developmental_stage
A mature female gamete that has achieved its meiotic maturation and in which the female pronucleus is visible. The mature oocyte is arrested in G1 phase and its average size is 80 to 100 µm. It is surrounded by a transparent jelly coat that is about 30 µm thick. It is competent to fertilization and it is located in the female gonad where it may be stored for weeks to months before its release in sea water by spawning. In the P. lividus species, the mature female gametes are characterized by the presence of pigment granules concentrated in a subequatorial band. This band is classically called the pigment band and allows to visualize the first embryonic axis, i.e. the animal-vegetal axis, which is perpendicular to the band.
spawned egg
unfertilized egg
mature oocyte stage
ecao_developmental_stage
Period during which male gametes (or spermatozoa, or spermatozoid) develop and mature from primordial male germ cells to generate cells competent to further development upon fertilization of a mature oocyte.
spermatogenesis period
ecao_developmental_stage
A developing, immature male gamete undergoing mitosis and meiosis to ultimately produce mature spermatozoa.
spermatid
developing spermatozoa stage
ecao_developmental_stage
A mature male gamete that is composed of a head, encompassing a compact nucleus, a neck, a middle piece, and a tail (or flagellum) that propels it towards the oocyte upon spawning.
spermatozoa
sperm
mature spermatozoid stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The phase of the life cycle that begins with fertilization, continues with the formation and maturation of the embryo, and ends with the opening of the mouth, the onset of feeding, and the beginning of the growth of the organism.
embryogenesis phase
Fertilization has occurred but the zygote has not divided (1-cell stage).
stage 1
ecao_developmental_stage
Fertilization has occurred, but the zygote has not undergone cell division. The embryo is a single diploid cell surrounded by a fertilization envelope
UBERON:0000106
fertilized egg
zygote stage
1-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The period that immediately follows fertilization and is characterized by rapid, synchronous mitotic cell divisions in the absence of cell growth. Cleavage culminates in the formation of a hollow, spherical, multicellular, monolayered embryo (a blastula) with a hollow cavity (the blastocoel) in the center.
UBERON:0000107
cleavage period
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 2 cells (2-cell stage).
stage 2
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of two cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope. The first cleavage division has taken place meridionally (i.e. along the animal-vegetal axis), thereby generating two blastomeres of equal size, each containing both animal and vegetal cytoplasm.
UBERON:0007232
2c
2-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 4 cells (4-cell stage).
stage 3
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of four cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope. The second cleavage division has taken place meridional and perpendicular to the first cleavage division. This has produced four blastomeres of equal size, all of which contain both animal and vegetal cytoplasm.
UBERON:0007233
4c
4-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 8 cells (8-cell stage).
stage 4
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of eight cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope. The third cleavage division has taken place equatorial and perpendicular to the first two cleavage divisions.
UBERON:0007236
8c
8-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 16 cells (16-cell stage).
stage 5
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 16 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope.
16c
16-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 28-32 cells (includes 28- and 32-cell stages).
stage 6
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 28 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope.
28c
28-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 32 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope.
32c
32-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 56-64 cells (includes 56-, 60-, and 64-cell stages).
stage 7
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 56 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope.
56c
56-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 60 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope.
60c
60-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 64 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope.
64c
64-cell stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The period that immediately follows cleavage and precedes gastrulation. It is characterized by the progressive maturation of the embryo into a hollow sphere, which is one cell layer thick and encompasses a central, fluid-filled cavity (the blastocoel). This period is associated with a gradual increase in cell cycle length and a loss of mitotic synchrony. During mitosis, cells round up and the wall of the blastula becomes irregular, while during interphase the cells flatten and the wall of the blastula appears smooth. During this period, the blastocoel gradually expands and becomes lined by a thin basal lamina. Cells in the wall of the blastula thereby become polarized; the inner (basal) surface of each cell contacts the basal lamina while the outer (apical) surface contacts the hyaline layer, an extracellular matrix that surrounds the embryo. Each cell further forms a single apical cilium. The onset of ciliary motility causes the blastula to move within the fertilization envelope and, after hatching, coordinated ciliary beating allows the embryo to swim freely. The blastula period culminates in the formation of the vegetal plate, a placode of elongated, presumptive endomesoderm cells.
UBERON:0000307
blastula period
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of about 100 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope. All cells are about the same size and there are no obvious morphological indications of embryonic polarity or territories. The embryo has started to transform into a hollow sphere.
120-cell stage
B1
vEB
very early blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is an early blastula (early blastula stage).
stage 8
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of about 100-200 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope. Most blastomeres have completed at least one additional mitotic division since the 60- or 64-cell stage. All cells are approximately the same size and there are no obvious morphological indications of the primary or secondary embryonic axes. All cells have begun to acquire an apical-basal polarity and the embryo is beginning to transform into a hollow sphere with a monolayered epithelial wall and a fluid-filled cavity (the blastocoel) in the center.
B2
EB
early blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is a mid-blastula (includes mid-blastula and motile blastula stages).
stage 9
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of about 200-500 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope. Most cells have completed at least one additional mitotic division since the early blastula stage. The cell divisions are now less synchronous than at earlier stages. The embryo remains spherical in shape and one cell layer thick. It does not display any morphological indications of the embryonic axes or of the vegetal plate. The cells have started to flatten on their inner (basal) surface, further contributing to the enlargement of the blastocoel, which has expanded since the early blastula stage.
B3
midB
mid-B
mid-blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is a late blastula, it is still spherical, and the vegetal plate has not formed (late blastula stage).
stage 10
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of about 600-1000 cells. Most cells have completed at least one additional mitotic division since the mid-blastula stage and developed an apical cilium. The embryo is still spherical in shape and one cell layer thick. It still lacks obvious morphological landmarks of the embryonic axes and of the vegetal plate. Cells have further continued to flatten along the apical-basal axis, accentuating the enlargement of the blastocoel. They are also now joined to one another apically by septate and adherens junctions and laterally by desmosomes.
B4
LB
pre-HB
prehatched blastula
Late-B
late blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo, whether or not hatched from the fertilization envelope, has formed a vegetal plate but gastrulation has not begun (vegetal plate stage).
stage 11
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has hatched from the fertilization envelope and is undergoing the earliest cell movements of gastrulation (includes early, mid-, and late mesenchyme blastula episodes and blastopore formation stage).
stage 12
ecao_developmental_stage
The fertilization envelope has started to break down due to the secretion by ectodermal cells of the hatching enzyme, a metalloprotease that digests the fertilization envelope and frees the embryo. The embryo rotates within the envelope or swims away as soon as it is free.The vegetal plate has not formed.
B5
very late blastula stage
HB
hatched blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has hatched from the fertilization envelope and swims freely. It is still a hollow sphere that is one cell layer thick, but the cells constituting the vegetal plate (i.e. located at the vegetal pole) have started thickening along the apico-basal axis, thereby creating a morphological landmark that enables orienting the embryo along the animal-vegetal axis.
SB
swimming blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has started elongated along the animal-vegetal axis. Its vegetal region has further continued to thicken and it is marked by a characteristic 'V' shape formed by the blastocoel at the level of the cells constituting the vegetal plate, thereby pointing to the vegetal pole.
late-SB
late swimming blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The period that immediately follows the blastula period and precedes organogenesis. It is characterized by extensive movements of cells in the vegetal region of the embryo. This period culminates in the formation of a multilayered embryo composed of three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). The cell movements of gastrulation include ingression of migratory, mesenchymal cells into the blastocoel and invagination of the vegetal plate that creates the primitive gut (archenteron).
UBERON:0000109
gastrula period
ecao_developmental_stage
The first episode of the gastrulation period, characterized by the ingression into the blastocoel of the skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs), prior to the invagination of the vegetal plate.
MB
mesenchyme blastula episode
Skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) are starting to ingress from the vegetal plate into the blastocoel through an epithelial–to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
eMB
early mesenchyme blastula episode
ecao_developmental_stage
Almost all skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) have ingressed into the blastocoel and remain in a mound on the vegetal plate.
mid-MB
mid-mesenchyme blastula episode
ecao_developmental_stage
All skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) have ingressed into the blastocoel. Many of these cells have extended filopodia and migrated away from the vegetal plate. The cells are found along the blastocoel wall, although they remain concentrated in the vegetal hemisphere of the embryo. The vegetal plate has flattened following the ingression of the PMCs. However, it has not started to invaginate. It is now composed at its center of the 8 small micromere descendants (the germ line) surrounded by non-skeletogenic mesoderm (NSM).
late-MB
late mesenchyme blastula episode
ecao_developmental_stage
Period during which the inpocketing and elongation of the archenteron takes place.
invagination episode
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is characterized morphologically by a slight invagination of the vegetal plate. This invagination has generated the anterior portion of the archenteron (primitive digestive tract) and the blastopore, an opening that will persist as the larval anus.
blastopore gastrula stage
blasto-G
blastopore formation stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is undergoing the first phase of archenteron extension (early gastrula stage).
stage 13
ecao_developmental_stage
The archenteron (primitive digestive tract) has elongated up to 1/3 of its final length. This elongation has occurred through the inward movement of all non-skeletogenic mesoderm (NSM) cells and part of the endoderm.
EG
eG
early gastrula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is undergoing the middle phase of archenteron extension (mid-gastrula stage).
stage 14
ecao_developmental_stage
The archenteron (primitive digestive tract) has elongated to about half (1/3-2/3) of its final length.
mid-G
G
mid-gastrula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is undergoing the last phase of archenteron extension (late gastrula stage).
stage 15
ecao_developmental_stage
The archenteron (primitive digestive tract) has elongated up to more than 2/3 of its maximal length.
late-G
LG
late gastrula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The period that immediately follows the gastrula period. It is characterized by the progressive maturation of tissues and organs. This period culminates in the opening of the mouth.
organogenesis period
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has completed archenteron elongation and mesenchyme cell ingression is complete (includes early prism and early organogenesis stages).
stage 16
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has paired coelomic evaginations at the tip of the archenteron but lacks a stomodeal invagination and gut constrictions (includes late prism and mid-organogenesis stages).
stage 17
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has paired coelomic pouches along with a stomodeal invagination and gut constrictions (includes late and very late organogenesis stages).
stage 18
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has an open mouth (open mouth stage).
stage 19
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is mainly characterized morphologically by a typical triangular shape, the beginning of the tripatition of the digestive tract and the presence of pigmented cells. The oral (or ventral) ectoderm has by now even more flattened, making an almost perfect right angle with the blastoporal side of the embryo. By contrast, on the opposite side, the aboral (or dorsal) ectoderm has round up and slightly elongated, thereby forming the primitive apex of the future larvae. These changes have conferred the embryo a typical and easy recognizable triangular shape. In the oral ectoderm, a small depression has further appeared, called the stomodeum, which will later fuse with the tip of the archenteron to form the mouth. In the blastocoel, the digestive tract has also by now bended toward the stomodeum and started to become tripartite. The cardiac sphincter has started forming, separating the future esophagus from the future stomach. The triradiate spicules have also continued elongating, thereby forming by now, towards the animal pole, the right and left dorsoventral connecting rods, towards the apex, the body rods, and along the vegetal, oral ectoderm the left and right ventral transverse rods. Moreover, some non-skeletogenic mesenchyme cells (or NSM cells, secondary mesenchyme cells or SMC) have started becoming pigmented and inserted into the aboral ectoderm. These cells represent part of the future immune system of the larvae along with other blastocoelar cells that are present in the blastocoel around the gut. In the vicinity of the future esophagus, other non-skeletogenic mesoderm descendant cells along with some endoderm cells have further arranged to form a single unpaired coelomic pouch. At the animal pole, the apical pole domain has also started to flatten making the embryo look like a square when viewed from the oral side, and it still arbors a tuft a long and immotile cilia. Finally, within the apical pole domain, but not yet in the ciliary band, molecular labeling surveys also start by this stage to reveal the presence of differentiating neuronal cells.
D
Pr
prism stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The phase of the life cycle that begins when the mouth opens and the larva starts to feed, continues through the growth and maturation of the larva, and ends with metamorphosis.
larval development phase
Biological process during which the specific outcome is the progression of a free-living larva before the development of the adult. Indirect development represents the mainstream developmental mode of metazoans. This process usually starts with the emergence of a larva that is planktonic and stops at the end of metamorphosis once the animal assumes adult characters.
UBERON:0000069
early feeding larva period
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is by now a fully formed pluteus larva. The mouth has opened and the digestive tract is becoming functional. On the ventral side, the mouth is surrounded anteriorly by an oral hood and posteriorly by two postoral arms. On the dorsal side, the apex has lengthened. The skeleton has indeed continued extending, expending the dorsoventral connecting rods, the body rods, and the ventral transverse rods as well as developing the anterolateral rods and the postoral rods. Within the larva, the tripartition of the digestive tract has further progressed. The cardiac sphincter is now fully formed in between the esophagus and the stomach, and the pyloric sphincter in between the stomach and the intestine and the anal sphincter at the level of the anus have also started forming. Around the esophagus, the coelomic pouch has further developed into two bilobed sacs (or pouches), one on each side of the digestive tract. Finally, within the apical pole domain, as well as within the ciliary band, differentiated neurons with their extended axons can also now be distinguished by immunostaining. In parallel, the apical tuft of long and immotile cilia remains discernable at the tip of the oral hood, while in parallel the ciliary band has further started growing a concentrated number of intermediate size motile cilia, which will be used by the larva to swim directionally.
UBERON:0008265
2-arm pluteus stage
early pluteus stage
Eplut
early pluteus larva stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The larva is characterized by the presence, on the ventral side, of four extended arms (two anterolateral arms at the level of the oral hood and two postoral arms) and on the dorsal side by a sleeked apex. The larva now possesses a completely tripartite and functional digestive tract composed of an esophagus, a stomach, and an intestine, respectively limited by a cardiac sphincter, a pyloric sphincter, and an anal sphincter.
UBERON:0008265
P
Plut
Plut4a
pluteus larva
Pluteus
4-arm pluteus larva stage
ecao_developmental_stage
To be written
late feeding larva period
ecao_developmental_stage
The larva is characterized by the presence on the ventral side of six arms, and by the development, on the anterior midline of the esophagus, of the dorsal arch.
UBERON:0008265
Plut6a
6-arm pluteus larva stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The larva is characterized by the presence on the ventral side of eight arms and by the development within the larva, on the left side of the stomach, of the adult rudiment. This stage is relatively long. It includes distinct changes occurring to the larva as well as within the larva, although the larva consistently exhibits 8 arms.
UBERON:0008265
Plut8a
8-arm pluteus larva stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The competent pluteus larva is characterized by the presence, within the larva, on the left side of its stomach, of the adult rudiment. The rudiment is now the size of or even bigger than the stomach and harbors five long primary podia (i.e. tube feet) and five quartets of definitive spines. Under the right environemental cue, the larva is competent to undergo metamorphosis.
UBERON:0008265
Cpt8a
cPlut
competent pluteus larva stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The metamorphic larva stage is essentially when the larva undergoes metamorphsis. The larva goes through drastic morphological changes to transofrm the bilateral, planctonic larva into a benthic, pentaradial juvenile.
meta
metamorphosis
metamorphic larva stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The phase of the life cycle that begins after metamorphosis, continues through the growth and maturation of the juvenile, and culminates in the formation of a sexually mature adult that produces functional gametes
adulthood phase
Period during which a young benthic individual, posing as a small adult, grows but remains unable to reproduce.
UBERON:0034919
juvenile period
ecao_developmental_stage
The early juvenile is morphologically similar to a miniature sea urchin adult. It harbors primary podia (or tube feet) and definitive spines, along with other appendages (e.g., immature spines, pedicellariae). Compare to the adult, however, it is smaller in size, deprived of a functional digestive system, and is sexually immature.
UBERON:0007021
endotrophic juvenile
postlarva
PLJuv
early juvenile stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The late juvenile still looks like a small adult. Its digestive tract is now functional. However, the late juvenile remains sexually immature.
UBERON:0007021
ExJuv
late juvenile stage
ecao_developmental_stage
Period during which the animal reaches sexual maturity.
UBERON:0000066
adult period
ecao_developmental_stage
The adult stage corresponds to a fully formed pentaradial sea urchin individual that has reached sexual maturity. The gonads have developed within the perivisceral cavity and are connected to the outside by the genital pores pierced into the genital plates.
UBERON:0000113
gravid sea urchin
sexual mature sea urchin
adult stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of about 800 cells and is surrounded by a fertilization envelope. The wall of the embryo is thinner and smoother than at previous stages. The vegetal plate has not formed. Many cells are ciliated but the embryo has not begun to rotate within the fertilization envelope. Note for euechinoid indirect developers: molecular labeling typically indicates the presence of 32 large micromere descendants and 4 small micromere descendants at this stage.
vLB
very late blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo now displays a vegetal epithelial placode, the vegetal plate, that formed at the vegetal pole and thereby provides the first morphological indication of the animal-vegetal axis of the blastula. All cells have developed an apical cilium, although the embryo may or may not have hatched from the fertilization envelope.
VP
vegetal plate stage
ecao_developmental_stage
This stage is characterized by the opening of the mouth. The right and left coelomic pouches are prominent and well-separated from the foregut by narrow coelomic constrictions. Pronounced cardiac and developing pyloric constrictions (separating respectively the foregut and midgut, and the midgut and hindgut) are visible; the gut is thus visibly tripartite. The developing stomach (former midgut) is enlarged relative to the other segments of the gut and muscle bands surrounding the esophagus are apparent. The ciliary band(s) is (are) also discernable.
early pluteus stage
2-arm stage
open mouth stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has a distinctive, angular shape due to the elongation of the skeletal rods. The body rods have elongated toward the apex (posterior end) of the embryo. The dorsoventral connecting rods are elongated, and the postoral rods are still very short although they already support thickened regions of ectoderm that will later form the distal tip of the postoral arms. The archenteron tip is slightly expanded, and its oral surface is directed toward the oral ectoderm. Ingression of secondary mesenchyme cells (SMCs) is complete. The embryo is reddish in color due to the presence of pigment cells within the aboral ectoderm. The animal pole domain (or apical plate) is prominent and the lateral walls of the embryo have thinned. The coelomic pouches and gut constrictions have not yet appeared.
early prism stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo has a distinctive, angular shape due to the elongation of the skeletal rods. The body rods have expended even further compared to earlier stages and the postoral rods support short postoral arm buds. The anterior ends of the dorsoventral connecting rods are also now branched or bent. The archenteron tip is still bent toward the oral ectoderm. At the tip of the archenteron coelomic evaginations start to be apparent, although no gut constrictions are visible yet. The embryo is reddish in color due to the presence of pigment cells within the aboral ectoderm. The animal pole domain is prominent, and it still bears long, immotile cilia.
late prism stage
ecao_developmental_stage
early pluteus stage
early pluteus stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is elongated along the animal-vegetal axis and has thus a characteristic oblong shape. The archenteron is fully extended, even though it still does not reach the blastocoel roof. The tip of the archenteron is enlarged, rounded, and smooth, and the archenteron has begun to deflect orally. Mesenchyme cell ingression is complete. However, paired coelomic pouches and gut constrictions have not yet formed.
early organogenesis stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is elongated along the animal-vegetal axis and has thus a characteristic oblong shape. The archenteron is overall deflected orally and its tip is enlarged, rounded, and smooth. The tip of the archenteron is further starting to display filopodia that interact with the ectoderm site where the mouth will form. At the tip of the archenteron, unpaired evaginations of the coelom are also now apparent, even though the stomodeal invagination, gut constrictions, and ciliary band(s) are still not discernable. Mesenchyme cells have dispersed through the blastocoel.
mid-organogenesis stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is characterized by the presence, at the tip of the archenteron, of two well-formed coelomic pouches, separated from the foregut by pronounced constrictions. The cardiac constriction, which separates the foregut and the midgut, has started to form. On the oral side of the embryo, the stomodeal invagination is visible, although the mouth has not yet opened. The ciliary band(s) is (are) not yet visible.
late organogenesis stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo displays prominent right and left anterior coelomic pouches, and the posterior enterocoel has enlarged. Pronounced cardiac and developing pyloric constrictions (separating respectively the foregut and midgut, and the midgut and hindgut) are formed, and the gut is thus visibly tripartite, with the posterior enterocoel projecting from the developing stomach (former midgut). The wall of the left anterior coelom is distended at both its anterior and posterior margins, where strands of cells extend to the ectoderm. Muscle bands surrounding the esophagus are apparent. Ridges of thickened ectoderm mark the positions of the future ciliary bands.
very late organogenesis stage
ecao_developmental_stage
mesenchyme blastula episode
mesenchyme blastula phase
ecao_developmental_stage
The embryo is composed of 400-500 cells and is no longer surrounded by a fertilization envelope. Most cells have completed at least one additional mitotic division after the early blastula stage and the cell divisions are now less synchronous than at earlier stages. The embryo remains spherical in shape and one cell layer thick. It does not display any morphological indications of the embryonic axes or of the vegetal plate. The cells have started to flatten on their inner (basal) surface, further contributing to the enlargement of the blastocoel, which has expanded since the early blastula stage.
MotB
motile blastula stage
ecao_developmental_stage
The second episode of the gastrulation period, characterized by the invagination of the vegetal plate into the blastocoel to form the primitive digestive tract (archenteron).
invagination episode
ecao_developmental_stage
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
UBERON:0001062
echinoderm anatomy
echinoderm_anatomy
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome
UBERON:0000061
anatomical structure
echinoderm_anatomy
A system that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function
UBERON:0000467
body system
connected anatomical system
organ system
anatomical system
echinoderm_anatomy
A region of the whole organism without well-defined compartmental boundaries
UBERON:0000475
organism subdivision
anatomical region
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000464
anatomical space
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of one cell or more
whole organism
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell
UBERON:0000468
multicellular organism
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical entity that comprises the animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems
UBERON:0000922
embryo
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0002548
larva
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0034919
juvenile
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0007023
adult
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.
UBERON:0001007
digestive system
echinoderm_anatomy
The gastrointestinal tract that is being formed during embryonic development starting with the formation of the primitive gut tube (or archenteron)
embryonic digestive system
echinoderm_anatomy
Organ system responsible for the food uptake and processing in the larva
larval digestive system
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile digestive system
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical system that processes ingested substances in the adult
adult digestive system
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0002405
immune system
echinoderm_anatomy
embryonic immune system
echinoderm_anatomy
larval immune system
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile immune system
echinoderm_anatomy
adult immune system
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction, i.e. the male and female gonads.
UBERON:0000990
reproductive system
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0001016
nervous system
echinoderm_anatomy
The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the larval nervous system
embryonic nervous system
echinoderm_anatomy
The sum of all the neural structures present in the larva
larval nervous system
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile nervous system
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:6003559
adult nervous system
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000383
muscular system
echinoderm_anatomy
larval muscular system
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile muscular system
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:6003218
adult muscular system
echinoderm_anatomy
Internal support structure of an animal composed of mineralized tissue. It gives shape, support and protection to the body.
UBERON:0001434
endoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
embryonic endoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
larval endoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
skeletal rudiment
rudiment endoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile endoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
adult endoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by sea urchins for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration. The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet.
UBERON:0008251
water vascular system
echinoderm_anatomy
The hemal system contains the blood. It is composed of a complex network of vessels mainly located around the gut.
haemal system
hemal system
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical region that corresponds to the upper half of the embryo, which later is composed of the mesomeres, and ultimately encompasses the presumptive ectoderm
UBERON:0012284
upper half
upper hemisphere
animal half
animal hemisphere
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical region that corresponds to the lower half of the embryo, which later is composed of the macromeres and the micromeres, and ultimately encompasses the endoderm and mesoderm
UBERON:0012285
lower half
lower hemisphere
vegetal half
vegetal hemisphere
echinoderm_anatomy
cell cortex
echinoderm_anatomy
cleavage furrow
echinoderm_anatomy
Cell component comprising the outermost layer of the animal region of the oocyte. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins
animal cortex
echinoderm_anatomy
Cell component comprising the outermost layer of the vegetal region of the oocyte. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins
vegetal cortex
echinoderm_anatomy
The apical region of the animal hemisphere
animal pole
echinoderm_anatomy
The apical most region of the vegetal hemisphere. Once cleavages have started the vegetal pole is characterized by the presence of the micromeres initially and then that of the small micromeres
vegetal pole
echinoderm_anatomy
animal plate
anterior neuroectoderm
apical plate
neurogenic ectoderm
apical pole domain
animal pole domain
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000100
blastopore
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:3010455
blastopore lip
echinoderm_anatomy
bottle cell
echinoderm_anatomy
embryonic cell
echinoderm_anatomy
vegetal plate
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane
cell
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical structure that is part of a cell and that has a granularity level equal to that of a protein complex or higher.
cell part
echinoderm_anatomy
Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system
UBERON:0013765
digestive system element
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0004765
skeletal element
echinoderm_anatomy
Any anatomical structure that is part of an embryo
UBERON:0002050
embryonic structure
echinoderm_anatomy
Any anatomical structure that is part of a larva
larval structure
echinoderm_anatomy
Any anatomical structure that is part of a juvenile
juvenile structure
echinoderm_anatomy
Any anatomical structure that is part of an adult
adult structure
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000479
tissue
echinoderm_anatomy
imaginal adult rudiment
adult rudiment
rudiment
echinoderm_anatomy
rudiment structure
echinoderm_anatomy
non-rudiment adult structure
echinoderm_anatomy
intracellular part
echinoderm_anatomy
cytoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
microtubule
echinoderm_anatomy
A membrane-bounded organelle of in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, it contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent
nucleus
echinoderm_anatomy
A female haploid germ cell.
oocyte
echinoderm_anatomy
The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity
germinal vesicle
echinoderm_anatomy
The subequatorial accumulation of pigment granules (the so-called ‘pigment band’) in eggs or early stage embryos, which constitutes an unambiguous marker of animal-vegetal polarity
pigmented band
pigment band
equatorial pigment band
echinoderm_anatomy
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures
cytoplasm
echinoderm_anatomy
centrosome
echinoderm_anatomy
mitotic spindle
echinoderm_anatomy
meiotic spindle
echinoderm_anatomy
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg. The fertilization envelope forms from the vitelline membrane after fertilization as a result of cortical granule release
fertilization membrane
fertilization envelope
echinoderm_anatomy
A mature male germ cell
male gamete
mature sperm cell
spermatozoa
spermatozoan
sperm
spermatozoid
echinoderm_anatomy
mitotic aster
spindle aster
aster
echinoderm_anatomy
spermatozoid aster
sperm aster
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0005764
acellular membrane
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0003125
vitelline envelope
vitelline layer
vitelline membrane
echinoderm_anatomy
hyaline membrane
hyaline layer
echinoderm_anatomy
microvillus
echinoderm_anatomy
fibropellin layer
apical lamina
echinoderm_anatomy
secretory vesicle
echinoderm_anatomy
cilium
echinoderm_anatomy
filopodium
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000482
basal lamina
echinoderm_anatomy
basal vesicle
basal lamina vesicle
basal laminar vesicle
echinoderm_anatomy
apical vesicle
echinoderm_anatomy
cortical vesicle
cortical granule
echinoderm_anatomy
echinonectin granule
nectosome
echinonectin vesicle
echinoderm_anatomy
mitochondrion
echinoderm_anatomy
actin cytoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
F-actin filament
microfilament
actin filament
echinoderm_anatomy
nuclear part
echinoderm_anatomy
nucleoplasm
echinoderm_anatomy
nuclear envelope
echinoderm_anatomy
endoplasmic reticulum
echinoderm_anatomy
spermatozoid entry point
echinoderm_anatomy
cell membrane
plasma membrane
echinoderm_anatomy
A small cell formed by the meiotic division of an oocyte
polar body
echinoderm_anatomy
sperm part
spermatozoid part
echinoderm_anatomy
The part of the late spermatid or spermatozoon that contains the nucleus and acrosome.
spermatozoid head
echinoderm_anatomy
A microtubule-based flagellum (or cilium) that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid
sperm tail
spermatozoid flagellum
echinoderm_anatomy
An organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa
acrosome
acrosomal vesicle
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive primordial germ cell
small micromere descendant cell
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive primordial germ cell
echinoderm_anatomy
primordial germ cell
echinoderm_anatomy
germ cell
echinoderm_anatomy
gamete
echinoderm_anatomy
immature egg
immature occyte
echinoderm_anatomy
A mature female gamet that has entered meiosis.
female gamete
female germ cell
unfertilized egg
egg
mature oocyte
echinoderm_anatomy
An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote)
blastoderm cell
blastomere
echinoderm_anatomy
blastomere of 2-cell embryo
echinoderm_anatomy
blastomere of 4-cell embryo
echinoderm_anatomy
Intermediate size blastomere forming the animal hemisphere of the cleaving embryo
mesomeres
mesomere
echinoderm_anatomy
Larger blastomere of the vegetal hemisphere of the cleaving embryo located below the equator
macromeres
macromere
echinoderm_anatomy
blastomere tier
cell tier
echinoderm_anatomy
macromere daughter cell tier
echinoderm_anatomy
Small blastomere of the vegetal hemisphere of the cleaving embryo located at to the vegetal pole
micromeres
micromere
echinoderm_anatomy
large micromere
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive PMC
presumptive primary mesenchyme cell
presumptive skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
large micromere progeny
large micromere descendant cell
echinoderm_anatomy
SM
small micromere
echinoderm_anatomy
A progenitor cell of the nervous system that will develop into a neuron
neuronal progenitor cell
presumptive neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
animal pole domain neuronal progenitor cell
apical pole domain presumptive neuron
animal pole domain presumptive neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
ectoderm neuronal progenitor cell
ectoderm presumptive neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
ciliary band neuronal progenitor cell
ciliary band presumptive neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
endoderm associated neuronal progenitor cell
endoderm associated presumptive neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
nerve cell
neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
larval neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
serotonergic neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
synaptotagmin-B neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
dopaminergic neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
GABAergic neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
sensory cell
sensory neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
biopolar neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
multipolar neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
neuronal structure
neural structure
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0001018
axon bundle
axonal tract
axon tract
echinoderm_anatomy
peripheral neuron
ciliary band neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
UBERON:0000924
ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive ciliary band cell
echinoderm_anatomy
endoderm associated neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000045
ganglion
echinoderm_anatomy
apical organ
apical ganglion
echinoderm_anatomy
adult neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
circumoral nerve ring
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000429
digestive nerve plexus
enteric plexus
enteric nerve plexus
echinoderm_anatomy
radial nerve cord
echinoderm_anatomy
primary podia associated neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
secondary podia associated neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
definitive spine associated neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
pedicellaria associated neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
basiepidermal nerve plexus
echinoderm_anatomy
Group of four cells of equal size forming the animal hemisphere of an eight-cell stage embryo
animal quartet
echinoderm_anatomy
Group of four cells of equal size forming the vegetal hemisphere of an eight-cell stage embryo
vegetal quartet
echinoderm_anatomy
an1
animal tier 1
echinoderm_anatomy
an2
animal tier 2
echinoderm_anatomy
ectoendoderm
veg1
vegetal tier 1
echinoderm_anatomy
endomesoderm
veg2
vegetal tier 2
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive vegetal ectoderm
veg1 upper
veg1U
vegetal tier 1 upper
echinoderm_anatomy
veg1 lower
veg1L
vegetal tier 1 lower
echinoderm_anatomy
veg2 upper
veg2U
vegetal tier 2 upper
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive non-skeletogenic mesoderm
veg2 lower
veg2L
vegetal tier 2 lower
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000923
embryonic germ layer
primary germ layer
germ layer
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0005291
embryonic tissue
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0006601
presumptive ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
animal ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
vegetal ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
oral ectoderm
ventral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
aboral ectoderm
dorsal ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
veg1
vegetal tier 1
ectoendoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
mesoendoderm
veg2
vegetal tier 2
endomesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
inner apical pole domain
inner animal pole domain
echinoderm_anatomy
outer apical pole domain
outer animal pole domain
echinoderm_anatomy
central ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
BE
border ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
near-apical ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
apical ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
veg1-lateral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
veg-1 oral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
lateral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
right lateral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
left lateral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
arm tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
dorsal arm tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
ventral arm tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
apical tuft
echinoderm_anatomy
larval tissue
echinoderm_anatomy
rudiment tissue
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile tissue
echinoderm_anatomy
adult tissue
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive stomodeum
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000930
presumptive mouth
stomodeum
echinoderm_anatomy
ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
oral hood ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
arm ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
animal pole ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
vegetal ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
lateral ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
PL
preoral lobe
oh
oral hood
echinoderm_anatomy
apex
echinoderm_anatomy
larval arm
echinoderm_anatomy
ALA
AL
right anterolateral arm
echinoderm_anatomy
ALA
AL
left anterolateral arm
echinoderm_anatomy
PO
right postoral arm
echinoderm_anatomy
PO
left postoral arm
echinoderm_anatomy
PD
right posterodorsal arm
echinoderm_anatomy
PD
left posterodorsal arm
echinoderm_anatomy
PRO
PR
right preoral arm
echinoderm_anatomy
PRO
PR
left preoral arm
echinoderm_anatomy
spicule rudiment
echinoderm_anatomy
spicule dot
spicule granule
echinoderm_anatomy
spicule primordium
triradiate spicule rudiment
echinoderm_anatomy
triradiate spicule
right ventrolateral triradiate spicule rudiment
echinoderm_anatomy
left ventrolateral triradiate spicule rudiment
echinoderm_anatomy
hexaradiate spicule
hexaradiate spicule rudiment
echinoderm_anatomy
A triradiate or hexaradiate minute calcareous skeletal element that initiates most if not all skeletal structures found within the sea urchin embryo, larva and adult.
primary triradiate skeletal rudiment
larval spicule
echinoderm_anatomy
The embryonic tissue made up of loosely connected mesoderm cells that will produce all of the skeletal elements.
primary mesenchyme
SM
embryonic skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
spicule rod
skeletal rod
echinoderm_anatomy
anonymous rod
echinoderm_anatomy
right anonymous rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left anonymous rod
echinoderm_anatomy
right dorsoventral connecting rod
echinoderm_anatomy
right anterolateral rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left dorsoventral connecting rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left anterolateral rod
echinoderm_anatomy
right postoral rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left postoral rod
echinoderm_anatomy
right posterodorsal rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left posterodorsal rod
echinoderm_anatomy
dorsal arch
echinoderm_anatomy
right preoral rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left preoral rod
echinoderm_anatomy
right ventral transverse rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left ventral transverse rod
echinoderm_anatomy
posterior tip of body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
body rod end
scheitel
echinoderm_anatomy
body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
right body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
posterior tip of left body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
posteror tip of right body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
right recurrent rod
echinoderm_anatomy
left recurrent rod
echinoderm_anatomy
posterior transverse rod
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000165
mouth
echinoderm_anatomy
larval mouth
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0001245
anus
echinoderm_anatomy
larval anus
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0006595
prospective endoderm
presumptive endoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000925
endoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0004735
primitive gut
embryonic gut
archenteron
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0001046
hindgut
echinoderm_anatomy
dorsal hindgut
echinoderm_anatomy
ventral hindgut
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0001045
midgut
echinoderm_anatomy
ventral midgut
echinoderm_anatomy
dorsal midgut
echinoderm_anatomy
anterior midgut
echinoderm_anatomy
posterior midgut
echinoderm_anatomy
anterior hindgut
echinoderm_anatomy
posterior hindgut
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0001041
tip of the digestive tract
foregut
echinoderm_anatomy
ventral foregut
echinoderm_anatomy
dorsal foregut
echinoderm_anatomy
anterior foregut
echinoderm_anatomy
posterior foregut
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:3010432
archenteron roof
tip of archenteron
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0006603
prospective mesoderm
presumptive mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000926
mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The subset of the embryonic mesoderm that will later give rise to the skeletogenic mesenchyme and embryonic skeleton.
embryonic skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
primary mesenchyme cell
PMC
embryonic skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
multinucleated cell
syncytial cell
syncytium
multinucleate cell
syncytium
echinoderm_anatomy
Anatomical structure composed of skeletogenic mesenchyme cells that have fused to form a single syncytial network.
embryonic skeletogenic mesenchyme syncytium
echinoderm_anatomy
PMC ring
primary mesenchyme cell ring
subequatorial PMC ring
subequatorial SM ring
subequatorial primary mesenchyme cell ring
SM ring
subequatorial skeletogenic mesenchyme ring
echinoderm_anatomy
Subpopulation of skeletogenic mesenchyme forming a chain on the oral (i.e. ventral) side of the embryo.
ventral skeletogenic mesenchyme chain
echinoderm_anatomy
Subpopulation of skeletogenic mesenchyme forming a chain on the aboral (i.e. dorsal) side of the embryo.
dorsal skeletogenic mesenchyme chain
echinoderm_anatomy
Subpopulation of skeletogenic mesenchyme forming a cluster (i.e. a group of cells) in the ventrolateral region of the embryo.
right ventrolateral skeletogenic mesenchyme cluster
echinoderm_anatomy
left ventrolateral skeletogenic mesenchyme cluster
echinoderm_anatomy
Subpopulation of skeletogenic mesenchyme forming a chain on either side of the developing digestive tract, along the blastocoel wall and towards the animal pole.
lateral chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
Subpopulation of skeletogenic mesenchyme forming a chain along the blastocoel wall towards the animal pole on the right side of the embryo.
right lateral chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
Subpopulation of skeletogenic mesenchyme forming a chain along the blastocoel wall towards the animal pole on the left side of the embryo.
left lateral chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
ventral non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
dorsal non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
NSM
secondary mesenchyme
embryonic non-skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
secondary mesenchyme cell
SMC
embryonic non-skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
larval non-skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
larval non-skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive blastocoelar cell
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive immunocyte
presumptive pigmented cell
presumptive pigment cell
echinoderm_anatomy
a cell that contains red coloring matter
pigmented immunocyte
pigmented cell
pigment cell
echinoderm_anatomy
embryonic pigment cell
echinoderm_anatomy
larval pigment cell
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile pigment cell
echinoderm_anatomy
rudiment pigment cell
echinoderm_anatomy
blastocoelar cell
echinoderm_anatomy
globular cell
echinoderm_anatomy
filopodial cell
echinoderm_anatomy
ovoid cell
echinoderm_anatomy
amoeboid cell
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive muscle cell
muscle precursor cell
echinoderm_anatomy
muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
contractile muscle
larval muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
rudiment muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
adult muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000090
blastocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
sphincter
echinoderm_anatomy
midgut-hindgut constriction
pyloric sphincter
echinoderm_anatomy
foregut-midgut constriction
cardiac sphincter
echinoderm_anatomy
hindgut-ectoderm constriction
anal sphincter
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0004590
sphincter muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
myoepithelial cell
sphincter muscle cell
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0001202
pyloric sphincter
pyloric sphincteric muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
cardiac sphincter
cardiac sphincteric muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0004916
anal sphincter
anal sphincteric muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
larval esophagus
echinoderm_anatomy
circumesophageal muscle
echinoderm_anatomy
presumptive circumesophageal muscle cell
circumesophageal muscle cell
echinoderm_anatomy
larval stomach
echinoderm_anatomy
larval intestine
echinoderm_anatomy
The mesenchyme cells that produce new skeletal elements (i.e., the posterodorsal rods, dorsal arch, and preoral rods) in the larva after feeding begins
larval skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
larval skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0011997
coelom
echinoderm_anatomy
unpaired coelomic rudiment
unpaired coelomic pouch
echinoderm_anatomy
right coelomic pouch
echinoderm_anatomy
left coelomic sac
left coelomic pouch
echinoderm_anatomy
right coelomic constriction
echinoderm_anatomy
left coelomic constriction
echinoderm_anatomy
larval epithelium
echinoderm_anatomy
amniotic sac
vestibule
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0002424
circumoral ectoderm
circumoral epithelium
oral epidermis
oral epithelium
echinoderm_anatomy
aboral epithelium
echinoderm_anatomy
The left lateral field is the lateral field located on the left side of the larva
left lateral field
echinoderm_anatomy
Opening located in the left lateral field
vestibular pore
echinoderm_anatomy
anterior coelom
axocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
left axocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
axial coelom
echinoderm_anatomy
central coelom
hydrocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
posterior coelom
somatocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
left hydrocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
left somatocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
anterior sac
right axohydrocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
right somatocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
axial complex
echinoderm_anatomy
stone canal
echinoderm_anatomy
ring canal
echinoderm_anatomy
radial canal
echinoderm_anatomy
hydropore canal
primary pore canal
echinoderm_anatomy
hydropore
echinoderm_anatomy
right axocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
right hydrocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
axial sinus
echinoderm_anatomy
axial organ
echinoderm_anatomy
dorsal sac
echinoderm_anatomy
ciliated epaulette
echinoderm_anatomy
anterior ciliated epaulette
echinoderm_anatomy
posterior ciliated epaulette
echinoderm_anatomy
The lateral field is located in the aboral ectoderm of the larva. It separates the anterior and posterior pairs of epaulettes
lateral field
echinoderm_anatomy
The right lateral field is the lateral field located on the right side of the larva
right lateral field
echinoderm_anatomy
ambulacral plate
echinoderm_anatomy
The mesenchyme cells that produce biomineralized elements (e.g., spines, test plates, and teeth) in the juvenile and adult.
adult skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
int
interambulacral plate
echinoderm_anatomy
ambulacra
echinoderm_anatomy
interambulacra
echinoderm_anatomy
genital plate
echinoderm_anatomy
appendage
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0008261
pedicellaria
echinoderm_anatomy
terminal plate
ocular plate
echinoderm_anatomy
buccal plate
echinoderm_anatomy
genital plate AB
echinoderm_anatomy
genital plate BC
echinoderm_anatomy
genital plate CD
echinoderm_anatomy
genital plate DE
echinoderm_anatomy
genital plate EA
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0008247
tube foot
podia
echinoderm_anatomy
primary tube foot
primary podia
echinoderm_anatomy
disk of primary podia
echinoderm_anatomy
secondary tube foot
secondary podia
echinoderm_anatomy
disk of secondary podia
echinoderm_anatomy
buccal podia
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0008260
spine appendage
spine
echinoderm_anatomy
splayed spines
juvenile spine
echinoderm_anatomy
adult spine
definitive spine
echinoderm_anatomy
sphaeridium
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0008252
tube foot ampulla
ampulla
echinoderm_anatomy
adult mouth
echinoderm_anatomy
adult anus
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0008253
Aristotles lantern
echinoderm_anatomy
tooth
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0009476
madreporite
echinoderm_anatomy
genital pore
gonopore
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000991
gonad
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000992
ovary
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0000473
testis
echinoderm_anatomy
juvenile digestive tract
echinoderm_anatomy
adult digestive tract
echinoderm_anatomy
UBERON:0002095
mesentery
echinoderm_anatomy
perivisceral cavity
echinoderm_anatomy
photoreceptor cell
photosensory cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A population of embryonic cells that share a common developmental fate or program of gene expression and comprising a region that lacks clear morphological boundaries
embryonic territory
echinoderm_anatomy
A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage.
UBERON:0007023
adult organism
echinoderm_anatomy
The muscle system of the embryo.
embryonic muscular system
echinoderm_anatomy
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues.
extracellular matrix
echinoderm_anatomy
A blastomere of an 8-cell embryo.
blastomere of 8-cell embryo
echinoderm_anatomy
A blastomere of a 16-cell embryo.
blastomere of 16-cell embryo
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that will develop into a neuron of the animal pole domain.
animal pole domain neuronal progenitor cell
apical pole domain presumptive neuron
presumptive animal pole domain neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
An ectodermal cell that will develop into a neuron.
ectoderm neuronal progenitor cell
presumptive ectoderm neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that will develop into a neuron of the ciliary band.
ciliary band neuronal progenitor cell
presumptive ciliary band neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
An endodermal cell that will develop into a neuron.
endoderm-ssociated neuronal progenitor cell
presumptive endodermal neuron
presumptive endoderm-associated neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron located near the base of an oral arm and outside the ciliary band.
postoral neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that will give rise to a postoral neuron.
presumptive postoral neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron that produces the synaptotagmin-B protein.
synaptotagmin-positive neuron
synaptotagmin- B neuron
synaptotagmin-B-expressing neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron that produces the nitric oxide synthase protein.
nitric oxide synthase-expressing neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter.
cholinergic neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron that uses both acetylcholine and catecholamines as vesicular neurotransmitters.
catecholaminergic/cholinergic neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron derived from endoderm.
endodermal neuron
endoderm-associated neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
One of two bilateral ganglia that arise in the oral ectoderm near the ciliary band.
lateral ganglion
echinoderm_anatomy
The lateral ganglion that forms on the right side of the embryo.
right lateral ganglion
echinoderm_anatomy
The lateral ganglion that forms on the left side of the embryo.
left lateral ganglion
echinoderm_anatomy
The part of the blastula that will give rise to ventral ectoderm.
presumptive oral ectoderm
presumptive ventral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The part of the blastula that will give rise to dorsal ectoderm.
presumptive aboral ectoderm
presumptive dorsal ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A dynamic terriritory within the prospective ectoderm of the early embryo, located at the anterior (animal) end of the embryo and shaped by Wnt signaling, that contains cells with neurogenic potential.
ANE
animal ectoderm
anterior neuroectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A dynamic territory within the prospective ectoderm of the early embryo, located between the anterior neuroectoderm and the endomesoderm.
equatorial ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The innermost part of the anterior neuroectoderm, immediately surrounding the animal pole.
inner apical pole domain
inner ANE
inner anterior neuroectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A torus shaped region comprising the outer part of the anterior neuroectoderm.
outer apical pole domain
outer ANE
outer anterior neuroectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A region of the ectoderm derived from the animal hemisphere (i.e., mesomere descendants) and located just above the equator on the ventral side of the embryo.
central oral ectoderm
central ventral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A region of the ectoderm derived from the animal hemisphere (i.e., mesomere descendants) and located between the central ventral ectoderm and the animal pole domain on the ventral side of the embryo.
near apical ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A region of border ectoderm located on a lateral surface of the embryo.
lateral BE
veg1 lateral ectoderm
lateral border ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A region of border ectoderm located on the ventral side of the embryo.
oral BE
oral border ectoderm
ventral BE
veg1 oral ectoderm
ventral border ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A region of border ectoderm located on the dorsal side of the embryo.
aboral BE
aboral border ectoderm
dorsal BE
veg1 aboral ectoderm
dorsal border ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A region of ectoderm derived from the animal hemisphere and located laterally at the boundary between hte ventral and dorsal ectoderm; this region overlaps with part of the prospective ciliary band.
animal lateral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The animal lateral ectoderm on the right side of the embryo.
right animal lateral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The animal lateral ectoderm on the left side of the embryo.
left animal lateral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A portion of the ectoderm located at the tip of a postoral arm.
postoral arm tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A portion of the ectoderm located at the tip of the right postoral arm.
right postoral arm tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A portion of the ectoderm located at the tip of the left postoral arm.
left postoral arm tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The cells that will give rise to the ciliary band.
presumptive ciliated band
presumptive ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
An elongated extension of the embryo on the ventral side, supported by a simple or fenestrated skeletal rod and often covered in part by a ciliary band. Arms develop in bilaterally symmetrical pairs.
arm
echinoderm_anatomy
A type of arm that projects from the oral hood; forms after the postoral arms appear and prior to the appearance of the preoral and posterodorsal arms.
anterolateral arm
echinoderm_anatomy
A type of arm that forms between the equator and the posterior pole, near the position of the skeletal rudiment; the first type of arm to appear.
postoral arm
echinoderm_anatomy
A rod that forms by the branching or pronounced curving of the anterior tip of a dorsoventral connecting rod and that projects ventrally from the oral hood, supporting an anterolateral arm.
anterolateral rod
echinoderm_anatomy
A rod that forms by the branching of the anonymous rod and projects ventrally, supporting a postoral arm.
postoral rod
echinoderm_anatomy
A rod that initially forms as one of the three arms of the embryonic triradiate spicule rudiment; this rod extends toward the animal pole before branching or curving to form the anterolateral rod and, in some species, the recurrent rod.
dorsoventral connecting rod
echinoderm_anatomy
A rod that initially forms as one of the three arms of the embryonic triradiate spicule rudiment; this rod projects toward the ventral midline and ceases growth early in development without branching.
ventral transverse rod
echinoderm_anatomy
The growing tip of the body rod as it extends dorsally.
distal tip of body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of the body rod that forms on the right side of the embryo.
distal tip of right body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of the body rod that forms on the left side of the embryo..
distal tip of left body rod
echinoderm_anatomy
A rod that forms from the branching of a dorsoventral transverse rod and extends dorsally.
recurrent rod
echinoderm_anatomy
The part of the embryonic presumptive mesoderm that will later give rise to the skeletogenic mesenchyme and embryonic skeleton.
presumptive embryonic skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A cluster of skeletogenic cell bodies that forms in the ventrolateral region of the subequatorial skeletogenic mesenchyme ring; one triradiate spicule rudiment will form in each of two ventrolateral clusters.
ventrolateral skeletogenic mesenchyme cluster
echinoderm_anatomy
Embryonic cells tin the epithelial wall of the vegetal plate or the archenteron that will give rise to mesodermal derivatives other than skeleton.
NSM
presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm on the ventral side of the embryo.
ventral presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm on the dorsal side of the embryo.
dorsal presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that will give rise to a muscle cell.
muscle precursor cell
presumptive muscle cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is part of a muscle.
muscle cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The inner, extracellular space between blastomeres of the cleavage stage embryo that will gradually expand and form the blastocoel.
presumptive blastocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is part of the pyloric sphincter.
pyloric sphincter muscle cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is part of the cardiac sphincter.
cardiac sphincter muscle cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is part of the anal sphincter.
UBERON:0004916
anal pore muscle cell
anal sphincter muscle cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A strand of mesenchyme cells that extends from the left coelom to the ectoderm and that will give rise to the primary pore canal.
presumptive hydropore canal
primary pore canal rudiment
echinoderm_anatomy
An evagination of the midgut that will contribute to the coelom.
posterior enterocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
In species with a posterior enterocoel, the left coelomic pouch that evaginates from the unpaired coelomic pouch at the anterior end of the archenteron.
left anterior coelomic pouch
echinoderm_anatomy
In species with a posterior enterocoel, the right coelomic pouch that evaginates from the unpaired coelomic pouch at the anterior end of the archenteron.
right anterior coelomic pouch
echinoderm_anatomy
In species with two separate ciliary bands, a ciliary band that surrounds the anterior-ventral end of the embryo, anterior to the mouth.
preoral ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
In species with two separate ciliary bands, a ciliary band that surrounds the posterior-dorsal end of the embryo, posterior to the mouth.
postoral ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
An anatomical structure that is a subdivision of a tissue, a germ layer, or an organ of the whole organism but with well-defined morphological boundaries.
anatomical object
anatomical element
echinoderm_anatomy
A diploid cell produced by the fusion of a male and a female gamete at fertilization. It constitutes the first stage of the embryogenesis life cycle phase.
1-cell
fertilized egg
zygote
echinoderm_anatomy
A multicellular organism at an early stage of development characterized by cleavage. It includes all forms of the cleavage period during the embryogenesis life cycle phase (i.e., from first cleavage to before the formation of the blastula).
cleaving embryo
cleavage embryo
echinoderm_anatomy
A multicellular organism at an early stage of development corresponding to a hollow, spherical, multicellular, monolayered embryo with a hollow cavity (the blastocoel) in the center. It includes all forms of the blastula period during the embryogenesis life cycle phase.
morula
blastula
echinoderm_anatomy
A multicellular organism at an early stage of development characterized by morphogenetic movements. It includes all forms of the gastrula period during the embryogenesis life cycle phase.
gastrulating embryo
gastrula
echinoderm_anatomy
A multicellular organism the existence of which starts at fertilization and ends with metamorphosis. It includes all forms during the embryogenesis and larval development life cycle phases.
pre-metamorphosing organism
pre-metamorphic organism
echinoderm_anatomy
A multicellular organism the existence of which starts upon the opening of the mouth and ends with death. It includes all forms during the larval development and adulthood phase life cycle phases.
post-embryonic organism
echinoderm_anatomy
A multicellular organism the existence of which starts with gamete production and ends with death.
post-juvenile adult
sexually mature adult
mature adult
echinoderm_anatomy
A portion of an embryo (or a population of embryonic cells) that is characterized by a common developmental fate or a common gene expression program but lacks any clear morphological boundaries.
embryonic territory
embryonic region
echinoderm_anatomy
A portion of a larva (or a population of larval cells) that is characterized by a common developmental fate or a common gene expression program but lacks any clear morphological boundaries.
larval territory
larval region
echinoderm_anatomy
A population of cells that, throughout the embryogenesis and larval development life cycle phases, is characterized by a common developmental fate or a common gene expression program but lacks any clear morphological boundaries.
pre-metamorphic territory
pre-metamorphic organism region
echinoderm_anatomy
A multicellular anatomical structure made of several tissues, performing a specific function or group of functions.
organ
echinoderm_anatomy
A tissue that is present in a pre-metamorphic organism.
pre-metamorphic organism tissue
echinoderm_anatomy
An anatomical structure that is part of a pre-metamorphic organism.
pre-metamorphic organism structure
echinoderm_anatomy
The immune system of a pre-metamorphic organism.
pre-metamorphic organism immune system
echinoderm_anatomy
An anatomical reproductive system that is present in a female multicellular organism.
female reproductive system
echinoderm_anatomy
An anatomical reproductive system that is present in a male multicellular organism.
male reproductive system
echinoderm_anatomy
The neurons and glial cells constituting the nervous system of a pre-metamorphic organism.
pre-metamorphic organism nervous system
echinoderm_anatomy
The endoskeleton of a pre-metamorphic organism.
pre-metamorphic organism skeleton
pre-metamorphic organism endoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.
skeletal tissue
echinoderm_anatomy
One of two hemispheres of an embryo.
hemisphere of embryo
embryonic hemisphere
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell tier present in the animal hemisphere of an embryo.
animal blastomere tier
animal cell tier
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell tier present in the vegetal hemisphere of an embryo.
vegetal blastomere tier
vegetal cell tier
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, filopodia, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
cell body
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
germline cell
germ line stem cell
germ line cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A germ cell that supports female gamete production.
female germ cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A germ cell that supports male gamete production.
male germ cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The reproductive haploid, mature sexual reproductive cell of a multicellular organism.
gamete
mature germ cell
echinoderm_anatomy
An immature oocyte that is diploid and has not completed female meiosis I.
primary oocyte
echinoderm_anatomy
An immature oocyte that is haploid but has not completed female meiosis II.
secondary oocyte
echinoderm_anatomy
An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. It is morphologically unlike spermatocytes and spermatids.
spermatogonium
echinoderm_anatomy
A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia.
spermatocyte
echinoderm_anatomy
A male germ cell that develops from spermatocytes.
spermatid
echinoderm_anatomy
An intracellular anatomical structure in which the male chromosomes are housed.
male germ cell nucleus
sperm nucleus
spermatozoid nucleus
echinoderm_anatomy
An intracellular anatomical structure in which the female chromosomes are housed.
female germ cell nucleus
female nucleus
oocyte nucleus
echinoderm_anatomy
Any constituent part of a cell that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical structure.
cell part
cellular anatomical entity
echinoderm_anatomy
A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. It includes as examples the nucleus, mitochondria, vesicles, and the cytoskeleton.
organelle
intracellular part
intracellular anatomical structure
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of a multicellular organism.
cell-cell junction
echinoderm_anatomy
A strong cell-cell junction usually found in tissue that experience intense mechanical stress.
spot desmosome
desmosome
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell-cell junction that forms a continuous band around each cell in an epithelium.
spetate desmosome
septate junction
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex.
adherens junction
echinoderm_anatomy
The part of the cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and associated proteins.
microtubule cytoskeleton
echinoderm_anatomy
A component of a cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits.
fiber
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber
protein filament
filament
echinoderm_anatomy
The either end of a spindle, from where the spindle microtubules emanate.
spindle pole
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of an oocyte or a zygote, which comprises the most basal portion of the animal and vegetal hemispheres.
equator
equator region
echinoderm_anatomy
A multisubunit complex that is located on chromosomes and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
kinetochore
echinoderm_anatomy
A cilium that develops on the apical surface of a cell.
apical cilium
echinoderm_anatomy
A cilium of short size exhibiting motility thanks to the molecular motors it contains. In echinoderms, short motile cilia are encountered on the outer surface of the developing embryo as well as in the developing and developed digestive tract of embryos and larvae.
short motile cilium
echinoderm_anatomy
A cilium of long size that does not contain molecular motors and as such does not exhibit any beating movement. In some echinoderms, long immotile cilia are found, when present, at the animal pole of embryos and constitute the apical tuft.
elongated cilium
long non-motile cilium
long immotile cilium
echinoderm_anatomy
A sheet-like cellular projection that is supported by an ordered network of actin filaments and that is involved in cellular motility and syncytium formation.
lamellipodia
filopodial cable
echinoderm_anatomy
A small, dense body present in the nucleus of cells and that is rich in RNA and protein, not bounded by a limiting membrane, and not seen during mitosis.
nucleolus
echinoderm_anatomy
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
chromosome
echinoderm_anatomy
An undifferentiated cell part of the animal hemisphere of an embryo.
animal blastomere
echinoderm_anatomy
An undifferentiated cell part of the vegetal hemisphere of an embryo.
vegetal blastomere
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell derived from a macromere through cell division.
macromere descendant cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The inner, extracellular space between blastomeres of the cleavage stage embryos that will gradually expand and form the blastocoel.
presumptive blastocoel
echinoderm_anatomy
The most apical region of the blastocoel.
blastocoel roof
echinoderm_anatomy
The region of the blastocoel comprised in the middle region of the embryo, below the blastocoel roof.
blastocoel wall
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell part of the ectoderm germ layer.
ectodermal cell
ectoderm cell
echinoderm_anatomy
An epithelium derived from ectoderm and constituting the outermost protective layer of an embryo, a larva, or an adult.
epidermis
echinoderm_anatomy
A tissue that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina.
epithelium
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm that is specifically present in an embryo
embryonic ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm that is specifically present in a larva.
larval ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm that is specifically present in an embryo and a larva but not in an adult.
pre-metamorphic organism ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm that specifically derives from cells of the veg1 tier.
veg1 ectoderm
veg1 ecto
vegetal tier 1 ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm that is part of the animal ectoderm but located below the apical pole domain ectoderm.
non-apical ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A thickened region at the animal hemisphere, located at the animal pole, and that contains developing neurons and cells with elongated cilia.
animal plate
apical plate
animal pole domain
apical pole domain
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm that is part of the animal ectoderm and is specifically restricted to the apical pole domain.
apical ectoderm
apical pole domain ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the presumptive ectoderm that is located on the oral side of the embryo (which will later generate the ventral side of the larva).
presumptive oral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the embryonic ectoderm that is located on the oral side of the embryo and will give rise to ventral ectoderm of the larva.
oral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the presumptive ectoderm that is located on the aboral side of the embryo (which will later generate the dorsal side of the larva).
lateral-aboral pre-state ectoderm
presumptive aboral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the embryonic ectoderm that is located on the aboral side of the embryo and will give rise to dorsal ectoderm of the larva.
aboral ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the border ectoderm that is located on the oral side of the embryo.
equatorial oral ectoderm
oral BE
ventral BE
veg1 oral ectoderm
oral border ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the border ectoderm that is located on the aboral side of the embryo.
aboral BE
dorsal BE
veg1 aboral ectoderm
aboral border ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the presumptive oral ectoderm where the stomodeum will form.
stomodeal presumptive ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the oral ectoderm where the stomodeum forms.
stomodeal ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the ectoderm where neurons form.
neuroectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
An ectodermal progenitor cell from the animal pole domain that will develop into a neuron.
animal pole domain neuronal progenitor cell
apical pole domain presumptive neuron
presumptive apical pole domain neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
An endodermal cell that will develop into a neuron.
endoderm-ssociated neuronal progenitor cell
presumptive endodermal neuron
presumptive endoderm neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuronal progenitor cell present in the epidermis of a postoral arm.
presumptive postoral arm neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuronal progenitor cell present in the epidermis of the oral hood.
presumptive oral hood neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron that is located in the postoral arm ectoderm outside the ciliary band.
postoral arm neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron that is located in the oral hood.
oral hood neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
A neuron of which transmission is mediated by nitric oxide.
nitrergic neuron
nitric oxide synthase neuron
echinoderm_anatomy
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the neural cell body.
nerve fiber
axon
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons.
neuonal cell body
neural cell body
echinoderm_anatomy
A neural structure that develops from the apical pole domain, above the mouth, and contains neurons.
apical organ
echinoderm_anatomy
A specific embryonic or larval ectodermal territory located on the oral side and that will give rise to the oral hood ciliary band.
pre-oral ciliary band
presumptive oral hood ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that composes the ciliary band.
ciliary band cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that composes the oral hood ciliary band.
oral hood ciliary band cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the ciliary band that covers the arm buds.
arm bud ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the arm ciliary band that covers the arm distal tip.
arm distal tip ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the arm ciliary band that covers the arm proximal tip.
arm proximal tip ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the arm ciliary band that covers the region of the arm between the distal and proximal tips.
arm middle portion ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the presumptive ciliary band that overlaps with the animal pole domain.
animal presumptive ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the presumptive ciliary band located close to the vegetal pole.
vegetal presumtive ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the presumptive ciliary located between the animal and the vegetal presumptive ciliary bands.
lateral presumptive ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
In species with two separate ciliary bands, a specific embryonic territory that will develop into the preoral ciliary band.
preoral presumptive ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
In species with two separate ciliary bands, a specific embryonic territory that will develop into the postoral ciliary band.
postoral presumptive ciliary band
echinoderm_anatomy
A specific ectodermal territory located on the oral side of the embryo or the larva and that will give rise to the oral hood.
preoral lobe
preoral hood
pre-oral hood
echinoderm_anatomy
An embryonic region that will develop into an arm.
arm bud
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal extremity of a larval arm, i.e. the further away from the larval body
arm distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal extremity of a larval arm, i.e. the closest to the larval body
arm proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of a larval arm comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the arm.
arm middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The thickened ectodermal region that outlines the arm bud.
arm bud ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectodermal (or epidermal) portion of the arm skin and that does not include the ciliary band.
arm epidermis
arm ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectodermal (or epidermal) that covers the distal arm tip and does not include the ciliary band.
arm distal tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectodermal (or epidermal) that covers the proximal arm tip and does not include the ciliary band.
arm proximal tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectodermal (or epidermal) that covers the portion of the arm located between the distal and proximal tips and that does not include the ciliary band.
arm middle portion ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell present in the arm bud and that will contribute to the development of a skeletal rod.
arm bud skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a skeletal rod, i.e. the further away from its initiation site.
skeletal rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a skeletal rod, i.e. the closest to its initiation site.
skeletal rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of a skeletal rod comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
skeletal rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletal rod supporting an arm.
arm skeletal rod
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of an arm skeletal rod, i.e. the further away from its initiation site and the larval body.
arm skeletal rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of an arm skeletal rod, i.e. the closest to its initiation site and the larval body.
arm skeletal rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of an arm skeletal rod comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
arm skeletal rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a skeletal rod.
skeletal rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a skeletal rod.
skeletal rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a skeletal rod.
skeletal rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of the region of a skeletal rod comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
skeletal rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of an arm skeletal rod.
arm skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
arm skeletal rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of an arm skeletal rod.
arm skeletal rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of an arm skeletal rod.
arm skeletal rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of the region of an arm skeletal rod comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
arm skeletal rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
An arm bud that will develop into a postoral arm.
postoral arm bud
echinoderm_anatomy
The arm bud on the right side of the embryo that will develop into a postoral arm.
right postoral arm bud
echinoderm_anatomy
The arm bud on the left side of the embryo that will develop into a postoral arm.
left postoral arm bud
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a postoral arm.
postoral arm distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a right postoral arm.
right postoral arm distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a left postoral arm.
left postoral arm distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a postoral arm.
postoral arm proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a right postoral arm.
right postoral arm proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a left postoral arm.
left postoral arm proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of a postoral arm comprised between the distal and proximal tip of the arm.
postoral arm middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of a right postoral arm.
right postoral arm middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of a left postoral arm.
left postoral arm middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the ectoderm that outlines a postoral arm bud.
postoral arm bud ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the ectoderm that outlines a postoral arm bud on the right side of the embryo.
right postoral arm bud ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the ectoderm that outlines a postoral arm bud on the left side of the embryo.
left postoral arm bud ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm (or epidermis) that covers a postoral arm but does not include the ciliary band.
postoral ectoderm
postoral arm ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm (or epidermis) that covers a right postoral arm but does not include the ciliary band.
right postoral ectoderm
right postoral arm ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The ectoderm (or epidermis) that covers a left postoral arm but does not include the ciliary band.
left postoral ectoderm
left postoral arm ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of a postoral arm ectoderm located at the distal tip of the arm.
postoral arm distal tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The postoral arm distal tip ectoderm part of a right postoral arm.
right postoral arm distal tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The postoral arm distal tip ectoderm part of a left postoral arm.
left postoral arm distal tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of a postoral arm ectoderm located at the proximal tip of the arm.
postoral arm proximal tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The postoral arm proximal tip ectoderm part of a right postoral arm.
right postoral arm proximal tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The postoral arm proximal tip ectoderm part of a left postoral arm.
left postoral arm proximal tip ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of a postoral arm ectoderm located between the distal and proximal tips of the arm.
postoral arm middle portion ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The postoral arm middle portion ectoderm part of a right postoral arm.
right postoral arm middle portion ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The postoral arm middle portion ectoderm part of a left postoral arm.
left postoral arm middle portion ectoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a postoral rod.
postoral rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a right postoral rod.
right postoral rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a left postoral rod.
left postoral rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a postoral rod.
postoral rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a right postoral rod.
right postoral rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a left postoral rod.
left postoral rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of a postoral rod comprised between the distal and proximal tip of the rod.
postoral rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of a right postoral rod.
right postoral rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of a left postoral rod.
left postoral rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a postoral rod.
postoral rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a right postoral rod.
right postoral rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a left postoral rod.
left postoral rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a postoral rod.
postoral rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a right postoral rod.
right postoral rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a left postoral rod.
left postoral rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a postoral rod.
postoral rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a right postoral rod.
right postoral rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a left postoral rod.
left postoral rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a postoral rod, comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
postoral rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a right postoral rod.
right postoral rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a left postoral rod.
left postoral rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of an anonymous rod.
anonymous rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a right anonymous rod.
right anonymous rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a left anonymous rod.
left anonymous rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of an anonymous rod.
anonymous rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a right anonymous rod.
right anonymous rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a left anonymous rod.
left anonymous rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of an anonymous rod comprised between the distal and proximal tip of the rod.
anonymous rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of a right anonymous rod.
right anonymous rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle region of a left anonymous rod.
left anonymous rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of an anonymous rod.
anonymous rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a right anonymous rod.
right anonymous rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a left anonymous rod.
left anonymous rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of an anonymous rod.
anonymous rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a right anonymous rod.
right anonymous rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a left anonymous rod.
left anonymous rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of an anonymous rod.
anonymous rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a right anonymous rod.
right anonymous rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a left anonymous rod.
left anonymous rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of an anonymous rod, comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
anonymous rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a right anonymous rod.
right anonymous rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a left anonymous rod.
left anonymous rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of an anterolateral rod, i.e. away from its connection with the dorsoventral connecting rod.
anterolateral rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a right anterolateral rod.
right anterolateral rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a left anterolateral rod.
left anterolateral rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of an anterolateral rod, i.e. in connection with the dorsoventral connecting rod.
anterolateral rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a right anterolateral rod.
right anterolateral rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a left anterolateral rod.
left anterolateral rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of an anterolateral rod, i.e., comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
anterolateral rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a right anterolateral rod.
right anterolateral rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a left anterolateral rod.
left anterolateral rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of an anterolateral rod.
anterolateral rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a right anterolateral rod.
right anterolateral rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a left anterolateral rod.
left anterolateral rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of an anterolateral rod.
anterolateral rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a right anterolateral rod.
right anterolateral rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a left anterolateral rod.
left anterolateral rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of an anterolateral rod.
anterolateral rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a right anterolateral rod.
right anterolateral rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a left anterolateral rod.
left anterolateral rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of an anterolateral rod, comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
anterolateral rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a right anterolateral rod.
right anterolateral rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a left anterolateral rod.
left anterolateral rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of a dorsoventral connecting rod that bends (or branches) to give rise to the anterolateral rod and in some echinoid species to the recurrent rod.
anterior tip of dorsoventral connecting rod
anterior end of dorsoventral connecting rod
dorsoventral connecting rod animal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The animal tip of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod animal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The animal tip of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod animal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a dorsoventral connecting rod, i.e. in connection with the anterolateral rod and in some echinoid species the recurrent rod.
dorsoventral connecting rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a dorsoventral connecting rod, i.e. in connection with the anonymous and ventral transverse rods.
dorsoventral connecting rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a dorsoventral connecting rod, i.e., comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
dorsoventral connecting rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a dorsoventral connecting rod.
dorsoventral connecting rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of the bended portion of a dorsoventral connecting rod, before this portion elongates and becomes an anterolateral rod or in some echinoid species branches into a anterolateral and a recurrent rods.
dorsoventral connecting rod animal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the animal tip of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod animal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the animal tip of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod animal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a dorsoventral connecting rod, before its bended portion.
dorsoventral connecting rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a dorsoventral connecting rod, in the vicinity of an anonymous and ventral transverse rod.
dorsoventral connecting rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a dorsoventral connecting rod, comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
dorsoventral connecting rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a right dorsoventral connecting rod.
right dorsoventral connecting rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a left dorsoventral connecting rod.
left dorsoventral connecting rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a ventral transverse rod, i.e. away from the connection with the dorsoventral connecting and anonymous rods.
ventral transverse rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a right ventral transverse rod.
right ventral transverse rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a left ventral transverse rod.
left ventral transverse rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a ventral transverse rod, i.e. in connection with the dorsoventral connecting and anonymous rods.
ventral transverse rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a right ventral transverse rod.
right ventral transverse rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a left ventral transverse rod.
left ventral transverse rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a ventral transverse rod, i.e., comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
ventral transverse rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a right ventral transverse rod.
right ventral transverse rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a left ventral transverse rod.
left ventral transverse rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a ventral transverse rod.
ventral transverse rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a right ventral transverse rod.
right ventral transverse rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a left ventral transverse rod.
left ventral transverse rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a ventral transverse rod.
ventral transverse rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a right ventral transverse rod.
right ventral transverse rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a left ventral transverse rod.
left ventral transverse rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a ventral transverse rod.
ventral transverse rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a right ventral transverse rod.
right ventral transverse rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a left ventral transverse rod.
left ventral transverse rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a ventral transverse rod, comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
ventral transverse rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a right ventral transverse rod.
right ventral transverse rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a left ventral transverse rod.
left ventral transverse rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The growing tip of a body rod as it extends dorsally away from an anonymous rod.
body rod distal tip
posterior tip body rod
body rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a right body rod.
right body rod distal tip
right body rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a left body rod.
left body rod distal tip
left body rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a body rod, i.e. in connection with an anonymous rod.
body rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a right body rod.
right body rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a left body rod.
left body rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a body rod, i.e., comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
body rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a right body rod.
right body rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a left body rod.
left body rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a body rod.
body rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a right body rod.
right body rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a left body rod.
left body rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a body rod.
body rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a right body rod.
right body rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a left body rod.
left body rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a body rod.
body rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a right body rod.
right body rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a left body rod.
left body rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a body rod, comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
body rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a right body rod.
right body rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a left body rod.
left body rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a scheitel.
scheitel skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a recurrent rod, i.e. in connection with a dorsoventral connecting rod.
recurrent rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a right recurrent rod.
right recurrent rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The distal tip of a left recurrent rod.
left recurrent rod distal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a recurrent rod, i.e. away from a dorsoventral connecting rod.
recurrent rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a right recurrent rod.
right recurrent rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The proximal tip of a left recurrent rod.
left recurrent rod proximal tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a recurrent rod, i.e., comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
recurrent rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a right recurrent rod.
right recurrent rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of a left recurrent rod.
left recurrent rod middle portion
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a recurrent rod.
recurrent rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a right recurrent rod.
right recurrent rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell part of a left recurrent rod.
left recurrent rod skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a recurrent rod.
recurrent rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a right recurrent rod.
right recurrent rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the distal tip of a left recurrent rod.
left recurrent rod distal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a recurrent rod.
recurrent rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a right recurrent rod.
right recurrent rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the proximal tip of a left recurrent rod.
left recurrent rod proximal tip skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a recurrent rod, comprised between the distal and proximal tips of the rod.
recurrent rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a right recurrent rod.
right recurrent rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletogenic mesenchyme cell composing the middle portion of a left recurrent rod.
left recurrent rod middle portion skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell part of the endoderm germ layer.
endodermal cell
enoderm cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The presumptive endoderm that develops specifically from the cells of the vegetal tier 1.
veg1 endoderm
veg1 endo
vegetal tier 1 endoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The presumptive endoderm that develops specifically from the cells of the vegetal tier 2.
veg2 endoderm
veg2 endo
vegetal tier 2 endoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The endoderm that is specifically present in an embryo.
embryonic endoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The endoderm that is specifically present in a larva.
larval endoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The endoderm that is specifically present in an embryo post-gastrulation and a larva but not in an adult.
pre-metamorphic organism endoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The anterior territory of the archenteron.
anterior archenteron
tip of archetron
archenteron roof
archenteron tip
echinoderm_anatomy
The layer of cells that form the archenteron, but at the level of its anterior tip and that of the blastopore.
archenteron wall
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of the hindgut, between its anterior and posterior portions.
middle hindgut
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of the midgut, between its anterior and posterior portions.
middle midgut
echinoderm_anatomy
The middle portion of the foregut, between its anterior and posterior portions.
middle foregut
echinoderm_anatomy
The anterior end of the animal digestive tract that connects the mouth to the stomach.
esophagus
echinoderm_anatomy
The central region of the animal digestive tract that serves as a digestive organ.
stomach
echinoderm_anatomy
The posterior region of the animal digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus.
intestine
echinoderm_anatomy
The outpocketing of the mesoderm constituting the tip of the archenteron and forming a bilobed bag (or pouch) lying on the top of the archenteron roof.
unpaire evagination of the coelom
unpaired coelomic evaginations
unpaired coelomic outpocketing
unpaired coelomic rudiment
unpaired coelomic pouch
coelomic evagination
echinoderm_anatomy
A mesodermally lined pouch (or pocket) lying between the anterior tip of the archenteron and the outer body wall.
coelomic pouch
echinoderm_anatomy
A narrowing (or shrinking) within a tissue or organ to delineate different regions with different fates.
constriction
echinoderm_anatomy
A constriction taking place at the level of a coelom. It can either separate the coelom from the archenteron or lead to the compartmentalization of the coelom into distinct regions.
coelom constriction
coelomic constriction
echinoderm_anatomy
In species with a posterior enterocoel, the anterior coelomic pouch is the one that develops from the unpaired coelomic evaginations at the tip of the archenteron.
anterior coelomic pouch
echinoderm_anatomy
An epidermal tissue present in the larva.
larval epidermis
echinoderm_anatomy
The epidermal tissue of the larva that surrounds the mouth.
circumoral ectoderm
circumoral epithelium
oral epidermis
ventral epiderms
echinoderm_anatomy
The epidermal tissue of the larva that is on the side opposite to the mouth.
aboral epidermis
dorsal epidermis
echinoderm_anatomy
A tissue composed of mesenchymal cells.
mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that has undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and is capable of migration.
migratory cell
motile cell
mesenchymal cell
mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The region of the early embryo that will develop into skeletogenic mesoderm.
presumptive skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The subset of the mesoderm germ layer that will exclusively give rise to the endoskeleton.
skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that has the potential of developing into a skeletogenic mesenchyme cell (or skeletal cell).
skeletogenic cell
skeletogenic mesoderm cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The portion of the mesenchyme tissue that constitutes the endoskeleton.
skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that after having undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition participates in constituting the endoskeleton.
skeletal cell
skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A filopodial cable that participates in the establishment of a syncytium.
syncytial cable
syncytial lamellipodia
syncytial filipodial cable
echinoderm_anatomy
A straight, syncitial network that either links the two ventrolateral skeletogenic mesenchyme clusters within the subequatorial skeletogenic mesenchyme ring or extends from the ventrolateral skeletogenic mesenchyme clusters towards the animal pole domain.
chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell that within the subequatorial skeletogenic mesenchyme ring links the two ventrolateral skeletogenic mesenchyme clusters on the oral side of the embryo. The ventral transverse rods will be deposited along this cellular strand.
oral chain of PMCs
ventral skeletogenic mesenchyme chain
ventral chain of PMCs
oral chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell that within the subequatorial skeletogenic mesenchyme ring links the two ventrolateral skeletogenic mesenchyme clusters on the aboral side of the embryo. The body rods will be deposited along this cellular strand.
aboral chain of PMCs
dorsal skeletogenic mesenchyme chain
dorsal chain of PMCs
aboral chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cluster of skeletogenic mesenchyme cells that aggregates before any calcification event whether in the embryo, the larva, or the adult.
skeletogenic mesenchyme cluster
echinoderm_anatomy
A chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell that extends from a ventrolateral cluster toward the animal pole. A dorsoventral connecting rod will be deposited along this cellular strand.
lateral chain of PMCs
lateral chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The lateral chain that forms on the right side of the embryo from the right ventrolateral cluster.
right lateral chain of PMCs
right lateral chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The lateral chain that forms on the left side of the embryo from the left ventrolateral cluster.
left lateral chain of PMCs
left lateral chain of skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A skeletal, calcified structure composed of three elongated skeletal rods.
triradiate element
triradiate spicule
echinoderm_anatomy
A spicule granule that forms within a ventrolateral cluster of skeletogenic mesenchyme cells.
ventrolateral spicule granule
echinoderm_anatomy
A ventrolateral spicule granule that forms on the right side of the embryo.
right ventrolateral spicule granule
echinoderm_anatomy
A ventrolateral spicule granule that forms on the left side of the embryo.
left ventrolateral spicule granule
echinoderm_anatomy
A triradiate spicule rudiment that forms within a ventrolateral cluster of skeletogenic mesenchyme cells.
ventrolateral triradiate spicule rudiment
echinoderm_anatomy
An embryonic, larval or adult region that will develop into non-skeletogenic mesoderm and/or mesenchyme derivatives.
presumptive non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The subset of the mesoderm germ layer that will give rise to all mesoderm tissue derivatives but the endoskeleton; e.g. muscles, coeloms, pigment cells, blastocoelar cells.
non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell part of the mesoderm germ layer subset that will give rise to all mesoderm tissue derivatives but the endoskeleton; e.g. muscles, coeloms, pigment cells, blastocoelar cells.
non-skeletogenic mesoderm cell
echinoderm_anatomy
All mesenchyme present in the embryo, larva, or adult but that does not constitute the endoskeleton.
non-skeletogenic mesenchyme
echinoderm_anatomy
A mesenchymal cell that participates in the elaboration of all mesenchyme derivatives but the endoskeleton; e.g. pigment cells, blastocoelar cells.
non-skeletogenic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm that derives from the vegetal 2 tier cells and not from the small micromere descendants.
vegetal tier 2 non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
In echinoderms with no embryonic endoskeleton, all embryonic cells that have undergone an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and will participate in the elaboration of non-skeletogenic mesoderm derivatives; e.g. pigment cells, blastocoelar cells.
embryonic mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
In echinoderms with no larval endoskeleton, all larval mesenchyme cells that participate in the elaboration of non-skeletogenic mesoderm derivatives; e.g. pigment cells, blastocoelar cells.
larval mesenchyme cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm that in the vegetal plate is on the oral side of the embryo.
oral non-skeletogenic mesoderm
ventral non-skeletogenic mesoderm
ventral presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm
oral presumptive non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
The presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm that in the vegetal plate is on the aboral side of the embryo.
aboral non-skeletogenic mesoderm
dorsal non-skeletogenic mesoderm
dorsal presumptive embryonic non-skeletogenic mesoderm
aboral presumptive non-skeletogenic mesoderm
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell of the immune system that is involved in protecting the body against infectious disease and foreign invaders.
immunocyte
immune cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The subset of the filopodial cells that are phagocytic and express the immune effector gene 185/333.
phagocytic filopodial cell
echinoderm_anatomy
An initial constriction within the archenteron marking where a sphincter will form.
gut constriction
sphincter constriction
sphincter primordium
echinoderm_anatomy
The initial constriction within the archenteron that will develop into the pyloric sphincter and separates the midgut and hindgut.
midgut-hindgut constriction
pyloric constriction
pyloric sphincter constriction
pyloric sphincter primordium
echinoderm_anatomy
The initial constriction within the archenteron that will develop into the cardiac sphincter and separates the foregut and the midgut.
cardiac constriction
foregut-midgut constriction
cardiac sphincter constriction
cardiac sphincter primordium
echinoderm_anatomy
The initial constriction at the posterior end of the archenteron (i.e. at the level of the blastopore) that will develop into the anal sphincter.
anal constriction
anal sphincter contriction
anal sphincter primordium
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is part of a sphincter.
myoepithelial cell
sphincter cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is part of a pyloric sphincter.
pyloric sphincter cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is part of a cardiac sphincter.
cardiac sphincter cell
echinoderm_anatomy
A cell that is part of an anal sphincter.
anal pore muscle cell
anal sphincter cell
echinoderm_anatomy
The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton.
biological_process
GO:0000011
vacuole inheritance
The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton.
GOC:mcc
PMID:10873824
PMID:14616069
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
GO:0016359
Reactome:R-HSA-2500257
mitotic chromosome segregation
mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release
biological_process
GO:0000070
mitotic sister chromatid segregation
The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
GOC:ai
GOC:jl
Reactome:R-HSA-2500257
Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus membrane
cellular_component
GO:0000139
Golgi membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23114
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23195
microtubule cytoskeleton organisation
biological_process
microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GO:0000226
microtubule cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
GOC:mah
microtubule cytoskeleton organisation
GOC:mah
microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
nuclear interphase chromosome
cellular_component
GO:0000228
nuclear chromosome
A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
glycan biosynthesis
glycan biosynthetic process
polysaccharide anabolism
polysaccharide biosynthesis
polysaccharide formation
polysaccharide synthesis
biological_process
GO:0000271
polysaccharide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
GOC:go_curators
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
GO:0044244
polysaccharide breakdown
polysaccharide catabolism
polysaccharide degradation
multicellular organismal polysaccharide catabolic process
biological_process
GO:0000272
polysaccharide catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
PMID:33139480
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
GO:0007067
Reactome:R-HSA-69278
Wikipedia:Mitosis
biological_process
mitosis
GO:0000278
Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0000278 ; mitotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic cell cycle
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
Reactome:R-HSA-69278
Cell Cycle, Mitotic
The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.
biological_process
karyokinesis
GO:0000280
nuclear division
The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.
GOC:mah
A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle.
cellular_component
GO:0000313
organellar ribosome
A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle.
GOC:mah
GOC:mcc
The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus.
biological_process
GO:0000740
nuclear membrane fusion
The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus.
GOC:elh
The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.
GO:0007335
Wikipedia:Karyogamy
nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion during karyogamy
biological_process
GO:0000741
karyogamy
The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.
GOC:elh
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
cell fusion
biological_process
GO:0000768
syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
GOC:mtg_muscle
GOC:tb
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/28301
GO:0000789
GO:0000790
GO:0005717
NIF_Subcellular:sao1615953555
cytoplasmic chromatin
nuclear chromatin
cellular_component
chromosome scaffold
GO:0000785
Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore.
chromatin
The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
GOC:elh
PMID:20404130
A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22355
GO:0005720
GO:0035328
NIF_Subcellular:sao581845896
Wikipedia:Heterochromatin
transcriptionally inactive chromatin
transcriptionally silent chromatin
nuclear heterochromatin
cellular_component
GO:0000792
heterochromatin
A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription.
PMID:32017156
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
biological_process
GO:0000819
sister chromatid segregation
The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
GOC:ai
GOC:elh
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
GO:0007148
GO:0045790
GO:0045791
cellular morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0000902
cell morphogenesis
The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
GOC:clt
GOC:dph
GOC:go_curators
GOC:tb
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
response to acid
biological_process
response to acid anion
response to oxoanion
GO:0001101
This term should be used to describe a response to a specific acid as a chemical. E.g., if an organism were responding to glutamate, then the response would be glutamate-specific; the organism is actually responding to the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. If annotating experiments where an acid is playing a role as a proton donor, please annotate to GO:0010447 'response to acidic pH' instead.
response to acid chemical
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:rn
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).
skeletal development
biological_process
GO:0001501
skeletal system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
GOC:tb
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
Wikipedia:Ossification
bone biosynthesis
bone formation
osteogenesis
biological_process
GO:0001503
Note that this term does not have a 'developmental process' parent because ossification isn't necessarily developmental, can also occur as part of bone remodeling. Instead use 'ossification involved in bone maturation ; GO:0043931'.
ossification
The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
GOC:mtg_mpo
PMID:17572649
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.
acetylcholine breakdown in synaptic cleft
acetylcholine degradation in synaptic cleft
biological_process
GO:0001507
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.
GOC:ai
A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.
biological_process
GO:0001508
Action potentials typically propagate across excitable membranes. This class covers both action potentials that propagate and those that fail to do so.
action potential
A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.
GOC:dph
GOC:go_curators
GOC:tb
ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
Wikipedia:Angiogenesis
blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels
biological_process
GO:0001525
angiogenesis
Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
ISBN:0878932453
blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels
The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
biological_process
GO:0001555
oocyte growth
The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.
Wikipedia:Oocyte_maturation
biological_process
GO:0001556
oocyte maturation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.
GOC:devbiol
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
biological_process
GO:0001558
regulation of cell growth
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
GOC:go_curators
Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.
interpretation of external signals that regulate cell growth
regulation of cell growth by detection of exogenous stimulus
regulation of cell growth by sensing of exogenous stimulus
regulation of growth by exogenous signal
regulation of growth by exogenous stimuli
regulation of growth by exogenous stimulus
regulation of growth by external signal
regulation of growth by external stimuli
regulation of growth by external stimulus
biological_process
GO:0001560
regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus
Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
biological_process
GO:0001568
blood vessel development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
GOC:hjd
UBERON:0001981
The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.
patterning of blood vessels
biological_process
GO:0001569
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.
GOC:dph
patterning of blood vessels
GOC:dph
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
Wikipedia:Vasculogenesis
vascular morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0001570
vasculogenesis
The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
PMID:8999798
A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.
microtubule bundling
biological_process
GO:0001578
microtubule bundle formation
A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.
GO:0042460
Wikipedia:Eye_development
biological_process
GO:0001654
eye development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.
GOC:jid
GOC:jl
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22178
biological_process
GO:0001655
urogenital system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
GOC:go_curators
A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.
Wikipedia:Thermoregulation
thermoregulation
biological_process
GO:0001659
temperature homeostasis
A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.
GOC:jl
thermoregulation
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
response to hypoxic stress
response to lowered oxygen tension
response to intermittent hypoxia
response to sustained hypoxia
biological_process
GO:0001666
Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to anoxia ; GO:0034059'. Note that in laboratory studies, hypoxia is typically studied at O2 concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 5%.
response to hypoxia
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
GOC:hjd
Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
ameboid cell migration
amoeboid cell migration
amoeboidal cell migration
biological_process
GO:0001667
Note that this term refers to a mode of migration rather than to any particular cell type.
ameboidal-type cell migration
Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
GOC:dph
The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females.
GO:0043080
female germ-cell nucleus
cellular_component
GO:0001674
female germ cell nucleus
The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females.
CL:0000021
GOC:hjd
Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
translation initiation ternary complex assembly
biological_process
GO:0001677
formation of translation initiation ternary complex
Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
GOC:hjd
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glucose within a cell.
cell glucose homeostasis
cellular glucose homeostasis
biological_process
GO:0001678
intracellular glucose homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glucose within a cell.
GOC:dph
GOC:go_curators
GOC:tb
cell glucose homeostasis
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
hydrochloric acid secretion
biological_process
GO:0001696
gastric acid secretion
The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
GOC:hjd
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
biological_process
GO:0001700
embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_sensu
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
biological_process
GO:0001701
in utero embryonic development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_sensu
The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation.
biological_process
GO:0001704
formation of primary germ layer
The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation.
GOC:go_curators
The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation.
biological_process
GO:0001705
ectoderm formation
The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation.
GOC:go_curators
The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.
Reactome:R-HSA-9823730
endoblast formation
biological_process
GO:0001706
endoderm formation
The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-9823730
Formation of definitive endoderm
endoblast formation
GOC:dph
GOC:sdb_2009
GOC:tb
The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
biological_process
GO:0001707
mesoderm formation
The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
GOC:go_curators
The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.
biological_process
optic placode formation
GO:0001743
lens placode formation
The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.
GOC:dph
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
insect-type retina morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0001745
compound eye morphogenesis
The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
GOC:dph
GOC:mtg_sensu
insect-type retina morphogenesis
PMID:11735386
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.
biological_process
GO:0001751
compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.
GOC:go_curators
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.
biological_process
GO:0001754
eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.
GOC:go_curators
The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
Reactome:R-HSA-9824272
Wikipedia:Somitogenesis
formation of mesodermal clusters
biological_process
GO:0001756
somitogenesis
The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
ISBN:0721662544
Reactome:R-HSA-9824272
Somitogenesis
formation of mesodermal clusters
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.
branching morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0001763
morphogenesis of a branching structure
The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.
ISBN:0721662544
branching morphogenesis
GOC:dph
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
immune cell homeostasis
leucocyte homeostasis
biological_process
GO:0001776
Note that this term represents the return of immune system cell levels to stable numbers following an immune response as well as the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system required to maintain stable numbers in the absence of an outside stimulus.
leukocyte homeostasis
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
GOC:add
ISBN:0781735149
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19116
GO:0042032
GO:0042089
GO:0042107
GO:0050663
cytokine biosynthetic process
cytokine metabolic process
cytokine secretion
interferon production
interferon secretion
interleukin production
interleukin secretion
biological_process
GO:0001816
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms.
cytokine production
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
GOC:add
ISBN:0781735149
interferon production
GOC:add
GOC:mah
interferon secretion
GOC:add
GOC:mah
interleukin production
GOC:add
GOC:mah
http://wiki.geneontology.org/index.php/Why_isn%27t_interleukin_in_GO%3F
interleukin secretion
GOC:add
GOC:mah
http://wiki.geneontology.org/index.php/Why_isn%27t_interleukin_in_GO%3F
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
GO:0042035
GO:0050707
regulation of cytokine anabolism
regulation of cytokine biosynthesis
regulation of cytokine formation
regulation of cytokine synthesis
regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
regulation of cytokine secretion
biological_process
GO:0001817
regulation of cytokine production
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
GOC:add
ISBN:0781735149
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine.
GO:0042036
GO:0050710
down regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
down regulation of cytokine production
down-regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
down-regulation of cytokine production
downregulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
downregulation of cytokine production
negative regulation of cytokine anabolism
negative regulation of cytokine biosynthesis
negative regulation of cytokine formation
negative regulation of cytokine synthesis
inhibition of cytokine biosynthetic process
inhibition of cytokine production
negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
negative regulation of cytokine secretion
biological_process
GO:0001818
negative regulation of cytokine production
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine.
GOC:add
ISBN:0781735149
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
GO:0042108
GO:0050715
up regulation of cytokine production
up-regulation of cytokine production
upregulation of cytokine production
activation of cytokine production
positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
positive regulation of cytokine secretion
stimulation of cytokine production
biological_process
GO:0001819
positive regulation of cytokine production
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
GOC:add
ISBN:0781735149
The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells.
5-HT secretion
5-hydroxytryptamine secretion
biological_process
serotonin release
GO:0001820
serotonin secretion
The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells.
GOC:ef
ISBN:0198506732
ISBN:0781735149
serotonin release
GOC:tb
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29162
biological_process
blastula development
GO:0001824
See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS5, embryo ; EMAP:23', 'TS5, inner cell mass ; EMAP:24' and 'TS5, trophectoderm; EMAP:28'.
blastocyst development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0124020607
ISBN:0198542771
The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29162
biological_process
blastula formation
GO:0001825
See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology term 'TS3, compacted morula ; EMAP:9'.
blastocyst formation
The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0124020607
ISBN:0198542771
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.
biological_process
GO:0001826
See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, inner cell mass ; EMAP:14'.
inner cell mass cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0124020607
ISBN:0198542771
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.
trophectoderm cell differentiation
biological_process
GO:0001829
See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19'.
trophectodermal cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0124020607
ISBN:0198542771
The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.
trophectoderm cellular morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0001831
See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19', 'TS5, trophectoderm ; EMAP:28' and 'TS6, trophectoderm ; EMAP:39'.
trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis
The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0124020607
ISBN:0198542771
An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29162
biological_process
blastula growth
GO:0001832
See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:17', 'TS5, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:27' and 'TS6, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:36'.
blastocyst growth
An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0124020607
ISBN:0198542771
The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass.
biological_process
GO:0001833
See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, inner cell mass ; EMAP:14' and 'TS5, inner cell mass ; EMAP:24'.
inner cell mass cell proliferation
The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass.
GOC:dph
GOC:isa_complete
ISBN:0124020607
ISBN:0198542771
The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.
trophectoderm cell proliferation
biological_process
GO:0001834
See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19', 'TS5, trophectoderm ; EMAP:28' and 'TS6, trophectoderm ; EMAP:39'.
trophectodermal cell proliferation
The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0124020607
ISBN:0198542771
A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
Reactome:R-HSA-9758919
EMT
epithelial-mesenchymal transition
mesenchymal cell differentiation from epithelial cell
biological_process
GO:0001837
epithelial to mesenchymal transition
A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
GOC:dph
PMID:14701881
Reactome:R-HSA-9758919
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) during gastrulation
mesenchymal cell differentiation from epithelial cell
GOC:BHF
GOC:dph
GOC:rl
The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.
biological_process
GO:0001838
embryonic epithelial tube formation
The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0824072820
The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.
biological_process
GO:0001839
neural plate morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0878932437
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.
biological_process
GO:0001840
neural plate development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.
GOC:dph
GOC:ef
ISBN:0878932437
ISBN:0878932585
The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
GO:0001679
Wikipedia:Neurulation
neural tube morphogenesis
neurulation
biological_process
GO:0001841
neural tube formation
The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0878932437
neural tube morphogenesis
GOC:dph
The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove.
biological_process
neural groove formation
GO:0001842
neural fold formation
The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0878932437
neural groove formation
GOC:dph
The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
biological_process
GO:0001885
endothelial cell development
The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
GOC:dph
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell.
biological_process
GO:0001886
endothelial cell morphogenesis
The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
biological_process
GO:0001889
liver development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
GOC:add
ISBN:068340007X
The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
biological_process
GO:0001935
endothelial cell proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
GOC:add
ISBN:0781735149
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
biological_process
GO:0001936
regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
down regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
down-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
downregulation of endothelial cell proliferation
inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation
biological_process
GO:0001937
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
up regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
up-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
upregulation of endothelial cell proliferation
activation of endothelial cell proliferation
stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation
biological_process
GO:0001938
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
GOC:add
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.
biological_process
vascular system development
GO:0001944
vasculature development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.
GOC:dph
UBERON:0002409
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.
biological_process
GO:0001955
blood vessel maturation
A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.
GOC:dph
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
up regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
up-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
upregulation of neurotransmitter secretion
activation of neurotransmitter secretion
stimulation of neurotransmitter secretion
biological_process
GO:0001956
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
GOC:hjd
Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.
Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification
dermal ossification
biological_process
intramembranous bone ossification
GO:0001957
An instance of intramembranous ossification may also be classified as metaplastic; the former classifies based on tissue type location, and the latter based on mechanism/cell division.
intramembranous ossification
Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.
ISBN:0878932437
dermal ossification
GO_REF:0000034
intramembranous bone ossification
GOC:cjm
The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
epithelium morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0002009
morphogenesis of an epithelium
The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:tb
ISBN:0198506732
The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.
biological_process
GO:0002011
morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet
The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.
GOC:jl
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
cardiac chronotropy
regulation of heart contraction rate
regulation of rate of heart contraction
biological_process
GO:0002027
regulation of heart rate
Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
PMID:10358008
cardiac chronotropy
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
regulation of Na+ transport
regulation of sodium transport
biological_process
GO:0002028
regulation of sodium ion transport
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GOC:dph
Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.
up regulation of neuroblast proliferation
up-regulation of neuroblast proliferation
upregulation of neuroblast proliferation
activation of neuroblast proliferation
stimulation of neuroblast proliferation
biological_process
GO:0002052
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.
GOC:dph
The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
up regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
up-regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
upregulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
activation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
stimulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
biological_process
GO:0002053
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
GOC:dph
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
biological_process
GO:0002062
chondrocyte differentiation
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
biological_process
GO:0002063
chondrocyte development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
biological_process
GO:0002064
epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
GOC:dph
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
biological_process
GO:0002065
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
biological_process
GO:0002066
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
GOC:dph
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
biological_process
GO:0002067
glandular epithelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
biological_process
GO:0002068
glandular epithelial cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
GOC:dph
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
biological_process
GO:0002069
columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
GOC:dph
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
biological_process
GO:0002070
epithelial cell maturation
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
GOC:dph
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
biological_process
GO:0002071
glandular epithelial cell maturation
The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
GOC:dph
The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-style eye development
biological_process
GO:0002072
optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development
The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
GOC:dph
GOC:mtg_sensu
GOC:sdb_2009
GOC:tb
ISBN:0878932437
Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
negative regulation of neural plate formation
repression of premature neural plate formation
biological_process
GO:0002085
inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
GOC:dph
PMID:16678814
negative regulation of neural plate formation
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
repression of premature neural plate formation
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates.
neurological control of breathing
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process
biological_process
GO:0002087
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process
A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
PMID:12458206
neurological control of breathing
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
lens development
lens development in camera-style eye
biological_process
GO:0002088
lens development in camera-type eye
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0582064333
The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
lens morphogenesis
lens morphogenesis in camera-style eye
biological_process
GO:0002089
lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye
The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
GOC:dph
GOC:mtg_sensu
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
biological_process
GO:0002119
nematode larval development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
GOC:ems
GOC:kmv
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters.
biological_process
GO:0002164
larval development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters.
GOC:jid
ISBN:0877795088
The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.
haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
biological_process
GO:0002244
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.
GOC:add
GOC:rl
ISBN:0781735149
PMID:16551251
An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.
immune response in organ or tissue
biological_process
GO:0002251
organ or tissue specific immune response
An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.
GOC:jal
GO_REF:0000022
Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18737
biological_process
GO:0002252
immune effector process
Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
ISBN:0781735149
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
biological_process
GO:0002262
myeloid cell homeostasis
The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
CL:0000763
GOC:add
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.
biological_process
GO:0002318
myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.
GOC:add
PMID:16551264
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
GO:0002374
GO:0002375
cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
biological_process
cytokine production during immune response
cytokine secretion during immune response
cytokine secretion involved in immune response
GO:0002367
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms.
cytokine production involved in immune response
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
ISBN:0781735149
cytokine production during immune response
GOC:dph
cytokine secretion during immune response
GOC:dph
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
Wikipedia:Immune_system
biological_process
GO:0002376
Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501).
immune system process
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
An immune response taking place in the liver.
biological_process
GO:0002384
hepatic immune response
An immune response taking place in the liver.
GOC:jal
GO_REF:0000022
ISBN:0781735149
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
biological_process
production of cellular mediator of immune response
GO:0002440
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select one of the 'regulation' children terms.
production of molecular mediator of immune response
The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
ISBN:0781735149
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.
GO:0019723
GO:0042087
immune cell effector process
immune cell mediated immunity
leucocyte immune effector process
leucocyte mediated immunity
leukocyte immune effector process
biological_process
cell-mediated immune response
cellular immune response
GO:0002443
leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
ISBN:0781735149
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.
myeloid leucocyte immune effector process
myeloid leucocyte mediated immunity
myeloid leukocyte immune effector process
biological_process
GO:0002444
myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
ISBN:0781735149
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
biological_process
GO:0002520
immune system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
GOC:add
GOC:dph
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
immune cell differentiation
leucocyte differentiation
biological_process
GO:0002521
leukocyte differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.
CL:0000738
GOC:add
PMID:16551264
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.
myeloid leucocyte differentiation
biological_process
GO:0002573
myeloid leukocyte differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.
GOC:add
PMID:16551251
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
biological_process
GO:0002682
regulation of immune system process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
down regulation of immune system process
down-regulation of immune system process
downregulation of immune system process
inhibition of immune system process
biological_process
GO:0002683
negative regulation of immune system process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
up regulation of immune system process
up-regulation of immune system process
upregulation of immune system process
activation of immune system process
stimulation of immune system process
biological_process
GO:0002684
positive regulation of immune system process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
GOC:add
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
biological_process
GO:0002697
regulation of immune effector process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
down regulation of immune effector process
down-regulation of immune effector process
downregulation of immune effector process
inhibition of immune effector process
biological_process
GO:0002698
negative regulation of immune effector process
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
up regulation of immune effector process
up-regulation of immune effector process
upregulation of immune effector process
activation of immune effector process
stimulation of immune effector process
biological_process
GO:0002699
positive regulation of immune effector process
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
GOC:add
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
biological_process
GO:0002700
regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
down regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
down-regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
downregulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
inhibition of production of molecular mediator of immune response
biological_process
GO:0002701
negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
up regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
up-regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
upregulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
activation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
stimulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
biological_process
GO:0002702
positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
GOC:add
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
biological_process
GO:0002703
regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
down regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
down-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
downregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
negative regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
negative regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
inhibition of leukocyte mediated immunity
biological_process
GO:0002704
negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
positive regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
positive regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
up regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
up-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
upregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
activation of leukocyte mediated immunity
stimulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
biological_process
GO:0002705
positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
GOC:add
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
GO:0002739
GO:0002742
regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
biological_process
regulation of cytokine production during immune response
GO:0002718
regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
GOC:add
regulation of cytokine production during immune response
GOC:dph
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response.
GO:0002740
GO:0002743
down-regulation of cytokine production during immune response
negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
biological_process
down regulation of cytokine production during immune response
downregulation of cytokine production during immune response
inhibition of cytokine production during immune response
negative regulation of cytokine production during immune response
GO:0002719
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response.
GOC:add
negative regulation of cytokine production during immune response
GOC:dph
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
GO:0002741
GO:0002744
activation of cytokine production during immune response
positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response
positive regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response
stimulation of cytokine production during immune response
biological_process
positive regulation of cytokine production during immune response
up regulation of cytokine production during immune response
up-regulation of cytokine production during immune response
upregulation of cytokine production during immune response
GO:0002720
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
GOC:add
positive regulation of cytokine production during immune response
GOC:dph
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
biological_process
GO:0002761
regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
down regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
downregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
inhibition of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
biological_process
GO:0002762
negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
up regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
upregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
activation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
stimulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
biological_process
GO:0002763
positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
GOC:add
The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue.
biological_process
GO:0002790
peptide secretion
The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue.
GOC:add
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
biological_process
GO:0002791
regulation of peptide secretion
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
down regulation of peptide secretion
down-regulation of peptide secretion
downregulation of peptide secretion
inhibition of peptide secretion
biological_process
GO:0002792
negative regulation of peptide secretion
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
up regulation of peptide secretion
up-regulation of peptide secretion
upregulation of peptide secretion
activation of peptide secretion
stimulation of peptide secretion
biological_process
GO:0002793
positive regulation of peptide secretion
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
GOC:add
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
biological_process
GO:0002831
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
down regulation of response to biotic stimulus
down-regulation of response to biotic stimulus
downregulation of response to biotic stimulus
inhibition of response to biotic stimulus
biological_process
GO:0002832
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
up regulation of response to biotic stimulus
up-regulation of response to biotic stimulus
upregulation of response to biotic stimulus
activation of response to biotic stimulus
stimulation of response to biotic stimulus
biological_process
GO:0002833
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
GOC:add
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
biological_process
GO:0002886
regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
GOC:add
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
down regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
downregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
inhibition of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
biological_process
GO:0002887
negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
GOC:add
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
up regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
upregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
activation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
stimulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
biological_process
GO:0002888
positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
GOC:add
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.
hjd
2012-04-23T02:11:22Z
biological_process
GO:0002932
tendon sheath development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.
PMID:20696843
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
biological_process
pattern formation
GO:0003002
regionalization
The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
GOC:dph
GOC:isa_complete
pattern formation
GOC:dph
A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.
puberty
biological_process
reproductive developmental process
GO:0003006
developmental process involved in reproduction
A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.
GOC:dph
GOC:isa_complete
puberty
GOC:dph
reproductive developmental process
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
biological_process
cardiac morphogenesis
GO:0003007
heart morphogenesis
The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
GOC:dph
GOC:isa_complete
A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.
organ system process
biological_process
GO:0003008
system process
A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.
GOC:mtg_cardio
A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
biological_process
GO:0003009
skeletal muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
GOC:mtg_cardio
GOC:mtg_muscle
An organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
biological_process
muscle physiological process
GO:0003012
muscle system process
An organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
GOC:mtg_cardio
An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
Wikipedia:Circulatory_system
biological_process
GO:0003013
circulatory system process
An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
GOC:mtg_cardio
An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).
excretory system process
biological_process
kidney system process
GO:0003014
renal system process
An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).
GOC:cjm
GOC:mtg_cardio
GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10
A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
biological_process
cardiac process
GO:0003015
heart process
A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
GOC:mtg_cardio
A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.
GO:0010802
respiratory gaseous exchange
biological_process
GO:0003016
respiratory system process
A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.
GOC:dph
GOC:mtg_cardio
GOC:tb
The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
biological_process
GO:0003032
detection of oxygen
The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
GOC:mtg_cardio
The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the renal system.
biological_process
GO:0003096
renal sodium ion transport
The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the renal system.
GOC:mtg_cardio
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells.
tb
2009-09-22T03:07:34Z
mesodermal-endodermal cell signalling
biological_process
GO:0003131
mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells.
GOC:mtg_heart
mesodermal-endodermal cell signalling
GOC:mah
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells.
tb
2009-09-22T03:10:29Z
endodermal-mesodermal cell signalling
biological_process
GO:0003133
endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells.
GOC:mtg_heart
endodermal-mesodermal cell signalling
GOC:mah
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.
tb
2009-09-22T04:12:18Z
cardiac crescent morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0003142
cardiogenic plate morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.
GOC:mtg_heart
cardiac crescent morphogenesis
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
tb
2009-09-22T04:21:17Z
biological_process
GO:0003143
embryonic heart tube morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
tb
2009-09-22T04:22:34Z
biological_process
GO:0003144
embryonic heart tube formation
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis.
tb
2009-09-22T04:26:03Z
biological_process
GO:0003145
embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding
The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.
tb
2009-09-22T07:51:01Z
biological_process
GO:0003148
outflow tract septum morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.
tb
2009-09-22T07:51:41Z
biological_process
GO:0003149
membranous septum morphogenesis
The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.
tb
2009-09-22T07:53:28Z
biological_process
GO:0003150
muscular septum morphogenesis
The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
tb
2009-09-22T07:59:24Z
biological_process
GO:0003151
outflow tract morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
GOC:mtg_heart
UBERON:0004145
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.
tb
2009-09-23T10:10:24Z
biological_process
GO:0003152
morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation
The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation.
GOC:mtg_heart
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.
tb
2009-09-30T11:21:09Z
biological_process
GO:0003156
regulation of animal organ formation
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.
GOC:dph
GOC:mtg_heart
GOC:tb
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
dph
2009-10-01T12:42:27Z
biological_process
GO:0003157
endocardium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
dph
2009-10-01T12:50:57Z
biological_process
GO:0003158
endothelium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
dph
2009-10-01T01:34:06Z
biological_process
GO:0003159
morphogenesis of an endothelium
The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
dph
2009-10-01T01:37:26Z
biological_process
GO:0003160
endocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.
dph
2009-10-01T01:57:16Z
cardiac impulse conducting system development
heart conduction system development
biological_process
GO:0003161
cardiac conduction system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.
GOC:mtg_heart
cardiac impulse conducting system development
GOC:mtg_heart
heart conduction system development
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.
dph
2009-10-01T02:05:13Z
AV node development
biological_process
GO:0003162
atrioventricular node development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.
GOC:mtg_heart
AV node development
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.
dph
2009-10-01T02:06:09Z
SA node development
SAN development
sinus node development
biological_process
GO:0003163
sinoatrial node development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.
GOC:mtg_heart
SA node development
GOC:mtg_heart
SAN development
GOC:BHF
GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11
sinus node development
GOC:BHF
GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
dph
2009-10-01T02:07:12Z
biological_process
GO:0003164
His-Purkinje system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.
dph
2009-10-01T02:07:50Z
cardiac Purkinje fiber development
biological_process
GO:0003165
Purkinje myocyte development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.
GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.
dph
2009-10-01T02:49:54Z
cardiac Purkinje fiber cell differentiation
biological_process
GO:0003168
Purkinje myocyte differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle.
GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-08T10:45:41Z
biological_process
GO:0003169
coronary vein morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
dph
2009-10-08T01:17:43Z
biological_process
GO:0003197
endocardial cushion development
The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
dph
2009-10-08T01:43:22Z
biological_process
GO:0003203
endocardial cushion morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
GOC:mtg_heart
The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T09:05:04Z
heart fibrous skeleton development
biological_process
GO:0003204
cardiac skeleton development
The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
heart fibrous skeleton development
GOC:mtg_heart
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T09:11:18Z
biological_process
GO:0003205
cardiac chamber development
The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T09:14:51Z
heart chamber morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0003206
cardiac chamber morphogenesis
The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
heart chamber morphogenesis
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T09:29:13Z
heart chamber formation
biological_process
GO:0003207
cardiac chamber formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
heart chamber formation
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T09:38:44Z
biological_process
GO:0003208
cardiac ventricle morphogenesis
The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
dph
2009-10-13T09:39:44Z
biological_process
GO:0003209
cardiac atrium morphogenesis
The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
dph
2009-10-13T09:44:25Z
biological_process
GO:0003210
cardiac atrium formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T09:46:27Z
biological_process
GO:0003211
cardiac ventricle formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T09:48:16Z
biological_process
GO:0003212
cardiac left atrium morphogenesis
The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T09:49:03Z
biological_process
GO:0003213
cardiac right atrium morphogenesis
The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T09:50:08Z
biological_process
GO:0003214
cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis
The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T09:50:57Z
biological_process
GO:0003215
cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis
The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.
dph
2009-10-13T09:52:31Z
biological_process
GO:0003216
cardiac left atrium formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.
dph
2009-10-13T09:53:12Z
biological_process
GO:0003217
cardiac right atrium formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
dph
2009-10-13T09:54:33Z
biological_process
GO:0003218
cardiac left ventricle formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
dph
2009-10-13T09:55:38Z
biological_process
GO:0003219
cardiac right ventricle formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T10:18:05Z
left ventricular myocardium morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0003220
left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
left ventricular myocardium morphogenesis
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T10:26:33Z
right ventricle myocardium morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0003221
right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
right ventricle myocardium morphogenesis
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T10:33:00Z
biological_process
trabecula carnea morphogenesis
GO:0003222
ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
trabecula carnea morphogenesis
GOC:dph
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T10:45:09Z
biological_process
GO:0003225
left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.
dph
2009-10-13T10:50:59Z
biological_process
GO:0003227
right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22614
dph
2009-10-13T10:53:18Z
atrial myocardium development
biological_process
GO:0003228
atrial cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
GOC:mtg_heart
atrial myocardium development
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
dph
2009-10-13T10:56:01Z
ventricular myocardium development
biological_process
GO:0003229
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
GOC:mtg_heart
ventricular myocardium development
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
dph
2009-10-13T11:02:07Z
biological_process
GO:0003230
cardiac atrium development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T11:03:16Z
biological_process
GO:0003231
cardiac ventricle development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
dph
2009-10-13T11:12:34Z
biological_process
GO:0003235
sinus venosus development
The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
dph
2009-10-13T11:16:52Z
biological_process
GO:0003236
sinus venosus morphogenesis
The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
dph
2009-10-13T11:18:34Z
biological_process
GO:0003237
sinus venosus formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T11:28:46Z
biological_process
GO:0003241
growth involved in heart morphogenesis
Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
dph
2009-10-13T11:44:21Z
biological_process
GO:0003245
cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis
The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
GOC:mtg_heart
The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle.
dph
2009-10-13T11:53:12Z
biological_process
GO:0003248
heart capillary growth
The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle.
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
dph
2009-10-20T08:53:19Z
biological_process
GO:0003272
endocardial cushion formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
GOC:mtg_heart
PMID:15797462
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
dph
2009-10-20T09:08:44Z
biological_process
GO:0003273
cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation
The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
GOC:mtg_heart
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
dph
2009-10-20T09:30:01Z
apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0003275
apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
GOC:mtg_heart
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
dph
2009-10-20T09:37:03Z
apoptosis involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0003277
apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
GOC:mtg_heart
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
dph
2009-10-20T09:40:22Z
apoptosis involved in heart morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0003278
apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis
Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
GOC:mtg_heart
The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
dph
2009-10-20T09:45:13Z
heart septum development
biological_process
GO:0003279
cardiac septum development
The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
GOC:mtg_heart
heart septum development
GOC:mtg_heart
The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure.
dph
2009-10-20T10:04:51Z
interventricular septum development
septum inferius development
biological_process
GO:0003281
ventricular septum development
The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure.
GOC:mtg_heart
interventricular septum development
GOC:mtg_heart
septum inferius development
GOC:mtg_heart
The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
dph
2009-10-20T10:10:38Z
biological_process
GO:0003283
atrial septum development
The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum.
dph
2009-10-20T11:03:46Z
biological_process
GO:0003292
cardiac septum cell differentiation
The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum.
GOC:mtg_heart
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.
dph
2009-10-22T09:24:51Z
biological_process
GO:0003298
physiological muscle hypertrophy
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.
GOC:mtg_heart
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.
dph
2009-10-22T10:33:56Z
biological_process
GO:0003300
cardiac muscle hypertrophy
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.
GOC:mtg_heart
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.
dph
2009-10-22T10:38:10Z
biological_process
GO:0003301
physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy
The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.
GOC:BHF
GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
dph
2009-10-26T09:27:23Z
pancreatic B cell differentiation
pancreatic beta cell differentiation
biological_process
GO:0003309
type B pancreatic cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
CL:0000169
GOC:dph
PMID:11076772
pancreatic B cell differentiation
GOC:mah
pancreatic beta cell differentiation
GOC:dph
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
dph
2009-10-26T09:28:05Z
pancreatic alpha cell differentiation
biological_process
GO:0003310
pancreatic A cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
GOC:dph
PMID:11076772
pancreatic alpha cell differentiation
GOC:dph
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
dph
2009-10-26T09:30:27Z
pancreatic delta cell differentiation
biological_process
GO:0003311
pancreatic D cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
GOC:dph
PMID:11076772
pancreatic delta cell differentiation
GOC:dph
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
dph
2009-10-26T09:32:32Z
pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell differentiation
biological_process
GO:0003312
pancreatic PP cell differentiation
The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
GOC:dph
PMID:11076772
pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell differentiation
GOC:dph
The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.
dph
2009-10-27T08:32:40Z
heart cone development
biological_process
GO:0003313
heart rudiment development
The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.
GOC:mtg_heart
heart cone development
GOC:mtg_heart
The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22938
dph
2009-10-27T08:38:04Z
heart cone morphogenesis
biological_process
GO:0003314
heart rudiment morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.
GOC:mtg_heart
heart cone morphogenesis
GOC:mtg_heart
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.
dph
2009-10-27T08:43:37Z
heart cone formation
biological_process
GO:0003315
heart rudiment formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.
GOC:mtg_heart
heart cone formation
GOC:mtg_heart
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
dph
2009-11-02T08:13:55Z
pancreatic alpha cell development
biological_process
GO:0003322
pancreatic A cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.
GOC:dph
pancreatic alpha cell development
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
dph
2009-11-02T08:20:11Z
pancreatic B cell development
pancreatic beta cell development
biological_process
GO:0003323
type B pancreatic cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.
CL:0000169
GOC:dph
pancreatic B cell development
GOC:mah
pancreatic beta cell development
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
dph
2009-11-02T08:23:26Z
pancreatic delta cell development
biological_process
GO:0003324
pancreatic D cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.
GOC:dph
pancreatic delta cell development
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
dph
2009-11-02T08:25:03Z
biological_process
GO:0003325
pancreatic PP cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic PP cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.
GOC:dph
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
dph
2009-11-02T02:07:40Z
biological_process
GO:0003330
regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
dph
2009-11-02T02:11:22Z
biological_process
GO:0003331
positive regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
dph
2009-11-02T02:13:49Z
biological_process
GO:0003332
negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane.
dph
2009-11-02T02:36:11Z
amino acid membrane transport
biological_process
GO:0003333
Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes.
amino acid transmembrane transport
The process in which an amino acid is transported across a membrane.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.
dph
2009-12-01T10:30:17Z
biological_process
GO:0003342
proepicardium development
The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.
GOC:dph
PMID:18722343
The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.
dph
2009-12-01T10:40:17Z
biological_process
GO:0003343
septum transversum development
The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.
GOC:dph
PMID:18722343
The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.
dph
2009-12-01T10:46:34Z
biological_process
GO:0003344
pericardium morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.
GOC:dph
PMID:18722343
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.
dph
2009-12-01T11:12:05Z
biological_process
GO:0003348
cardiac endothelial cell differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.
GOC:dph
PMID:18722343
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.
dph
2009-12-03T10:34:30Z
norepinephrine secreting neuron differentiation
biological_process
GO:0003357
noradrenergic neuron differentiation
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.
GOC:dph
norepinephrine secreting neuron differentiation
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
dph
2009-12-03T10:38:37Z
norepinephrine secreting neuron development
biological_process
GO:0003358
noradrenergic neuron development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
GOC:dph
norepinephrine secreting neuron development
GOC:dph
The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.
dph
2009-12-03T10:47:20Z
biological_process
GO:0003360
brainstem development
The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.
GOC:dph
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.
dph
2009-12-03T10:53:30Z
biological_process
GO:0003361
noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.
GOC:dph
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.
dph
2009-12-08T04:50:41Z
biological_process
GO:0003365
establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.
dph
2009-12-08T05:42:46Z
biological_process
GO:0003371
establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.
dph
2009-12-09T06:54:44Z
biological_process
GO:0003379
establishment of cell polarity involved in gastrulation cell migration
The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.
dph
2009-12-09T07:10:57Z
biological_process
GO:0003380
establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.
dph
2009-12-09T07:18:53Z
biological_process
GO:0003381
epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.
dph
2009-12-09T07:21:06Z
biological_process
GO:0003382
epithelial cell morphogenesis
The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.
dph
2009-12-21T01:42:37Z
biological_process
GO:0003403
optic vesicle formation
The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.
dph
2009-12-21T01:54:34Z
biological_process
GO:0003404
optic vesicle morphogenesis
The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
dph
2009-12-21T02:15:14Z
biological_process
GO:0003407
neural retina development
The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.
dph
2009-12-21T03:04:27Z
biological_process
GO:0003411
cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis
Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
dph
2009-12-22T08:39:58Z
biological_process
GO:0003413
chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.
dph
2009-12-22T08:42:55Z
biological_process
GO:0003414
chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.
dph
2009-12-22T08:52:55Z
biological_process
GO:0003416
endochondral bone growth
The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.
dph
2009-12-22T12:42:44Z
biological_process
GO:0003433
chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.
GOC:ascb_2009
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
This is the same as GO molecular function
GO:0005554
molecular function
molecular_function
GO:0003674
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex.
gene product or complex activity
molecular_function
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
GOC:pdt
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, accross or in between cells.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27621
GO:0005478
molecular_function
carrier
GO:0005215
Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules.
transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, accross or in between cells.
GOC:ai
GOC:dgf
Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.
GO:0005279
amine/amide/polyamine channel activity
amine/polyamine transmembrane transporter activity
amino acid-polyamine transmembrane transporter activity
molecular_function
GO:0005275
amine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.
GOC:mtg_transport
ISBN:0198506732
ISBN:0815340729
Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
Reactome:R-HSA-264615
molecular_function
GO:0005277
acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of acetylcholine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
GOC:ai
Reactome:R-HSA-264615
Loading of acetylcholine in synaptic vesicles
Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.
GO:0005312
GO:0015365
Reactome:R-HSA-1614546
Reactome:R-HSA-372843
dicarboxylate carrier
sodium:dicarboxylate/tricarboxylate symporter activity
molecular_function
dicarboxylate (succinate/fumarate/malate) antiporter activity
dicarboxylic acid permease activity
GO:0005310
dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.
GOC:ai
Reactome:R-HSA-1614546
Sulfate is exported to the cytosol in exchange for dicarboxylate
Reactome:R-HSA-372843
SLC25A10 mediates exchange of malate and phosphate
Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
Reactome:R-HSA-1369028
Reactome:R-HSA-1369052
Reactome:R-HSA-174786
Reactome:R-HSA-5682285
Reactome:R-HSA-5682311
Reactome:R-HSA-5683672
Reactome:R-HSA-5683714
Reactome:R-HSA-5688397
Reactome:R-HSA-6801250
Reactome:R-HSA-8848053
Reactome:R-HSA-8866329
lipophorin
molecular_function
apolipoprotein
GO:0005319
lipid transporter activity
GO_REF:0000090
Enables the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
GOC:ai
Reactome:R-HSA-1369028
ABCAs mediate lipid efflux
Reactome:R-HSA-1369052
ABCAs mediate lipid influx
Reactome:R-HSA-174786
ApoB-48 + 40 triacylglycerol + 60 phospholipid => ApoB-48:TG:PL complex
Reactome:R-HSA-5682285
ABCA12 transports lipids from cytosol to extracellular region
Reactome:R-HSA-5682311
Defective ABCA12 does not transport lipids from cytosol to extracellular region
Reactome:R-HSA-5683672
Defective ABCA3 does not transport PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body
Reactome:R-HSA-5683714
ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body
Reactome:R-HSA-5688397
Defective ABCA3 does not transport PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body
Reactome:R-HSA-6801250
TRIAP1:PRELID1, PRELID3A transports PA from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane
Reactome:R-HSA-8848053
ABCA5 transports CHOL from lysosomal lumen to cytosol
Reactome:R-HSA-8866329
MTTP lipidates APOB-100, forming a pre-VLDL
Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
Reactome:R-HSA-374896
Reactome:R-HSA-374919
molecular_function
neurotransmitter transporter activity
GO:0005326
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity
GO_REF:0000090
Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
GOC:ai
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-374896
Uptake of Noradrenaline
Reactome:R-HSA-374919
Noradrenaline clearance from the synaptic cleft
Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
molecular_function
GO:0005342
organic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
ISBN:0198506732
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17729
GO:0008372
NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144
cell or subcellular entity
cellular component
cellular_component
subcellular entity
GO:0005575
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
cellular_component
A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).
GOC:pdt
subcellular entity
NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
Wikipedia:Extracellular
extracellular
cellular_component
GO:0005576
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'.
extracellular region
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
GOC:go_curators
A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.
fibrinogen
fibrinogen alpha chain
fibrinogen beta chain
fibrinogen gamma chain
cellular_component
GO:0005577
fibrinogen complex
A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.
ISBN:0198547684
A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.
Wikipedia:Collagen
cellular_component
GO:0005581
collagen trimer
A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.
GOC:dos
GOC:mah
ISBN:0721639976
PMID:19693541
PMID:21421911
Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.
cellular_component
GO:0005583
fibrillar collagen trimer
Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0721639976
PMID:21421911
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
Wikipedia:Collagen_type_II
cellular_component
GO:0005585
collagen type II trimer
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
ISBN:0721639976
A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.
Wikipedia:Collagen_type_IV
cellular_component
GO:0005587
collagen type IV trimer
A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.
PMID:19693541
PMID:21421911
A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29267
GO:0005605
GO:0008003
Wikipedia:Basement_membrane
cellular_component
basal lamina
basement lamina
lamina densa
GO:0005604
Note that this term has no relationship to 'membrane ; GO:0016020' because the basement membrane is not a lipid bilayer.
basement membrane
A collagen-containing extracellular matrix consisting of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
PMID:22505934
PMID:33605520
PMID:39223427
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1425028079
cellular_component
intercellular space
GO:0005615
Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term.
extracellular space
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
ISBN:0198547684
A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17776
Wikipedia:Intracellular
internal to cell
intracellular
protoplasm
cellular_component
nucleocytoplasm
protoplast
GO:0005622
intracellular anatomical structure
A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
ISBN:0198506732
nucleocytoplasm
GOC:mah
protoplast
GOC:mah
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020
Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus
cell nucleus
horsetail nucleus
cellular_component
GO:0005634
nucleus
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
GOC:go_curators
horsetail nucleus
GOC:al
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
PMID:15030757
The double lipid bilayer that encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm. It consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane, with an intermembrane space (20-40 nm wide, also called the perinuclear space) between them. The envelope is supported by the nuclear lamina and contains nuclear pore complexes, which regulate molecular transport.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29832
GO:0005636
Wikipedia:Nuclear_envelope
cellular_component
GO:0005635
nuclear envelope
The double lipid bilayer that encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm. It consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane, with an intermembrane space (20-40 nm wide, also called the perinuclear space) between them. The envelope is supported by the nuclear lamina and contains nuclear pore complexes, which regulate molecular transport.
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:16164970
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1617136075
nucleus outer envelope
perinuclear membrane
cellular_component
GO:0005640
nuclear outer membrane
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
ISBN:0198547684
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
Wikipedia:Chromosome
interphase chromosome
prophase chromosome
cellular_component
chromatid
GO:0005694
Chromosomes include parts that are not part of the chromatin. Examples include the kinetochore.
chromosome
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
ISBN:0198547684
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233
Wikipedia:Nucleolus
cellular_component
GO:0005730
nucleolus
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
ISBN:0198506732
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23023
Wikipedia:Cytoplasm
cellular_component
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
ISBN:0198547684
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
Wikipedia:Vacuole
cellular_component
vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y
GO:0005773
vacuole
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
GOC:mtg_sensu
ISBN:0198506732
The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
cellular_component
GO:0005774
vacuolar membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
GOC:ai
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
cellular_component
GO:0005775
vacuolar lumen
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
ISBN:0198506732
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
Golgi
NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436
Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus
Golgi complex
Golgi ribbon
cellular_component
GO:0005794
Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon.
Golgi apparatus
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
ISBN:0198506732
Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.
NIF_Subcellular:sao819927218
cellular_component
Golgi vesicle
vesicular component
GO:0005798
Note that this definition includes vesicles that are transiently associated with the Golgi.
Golgi-associated vesicle
Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.
GOC:mah
vesicular component
NIF_Subcellular:sao138219748
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
GO:0033279
NIF_Subcellular:sao1429207766
Wikipedia:Ribosome
free ribosome
membrane bound ribosome
cellular_component
ribosomal RNA
GO:0005840
ribosome
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
ISBN:0198506732
free ribosome
NIF_Subcellular:sao1139385046
membrane bound ribosome
NIF_Subcellular:sao1291545653
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton
cellular_component
GO:0005856
cytoskeleton
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
GOC:mah
PMID:16959967
PMID:27419875
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1846835077
Wikipedia:Microtubule
microtubuli
microtubulus
neurotubule
cellular_component
GO:0005874
microtubule
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
ISBN:0879693568
neurotubule
NIF_Subcellular:sao248349196
A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules.
cellular_component
GO:0005879
axonemal microtubule
A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules.
GOC:cilia
ISBN:0815316194
Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.
cellular_component
GO:0005880
nuclear microtubule
Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.
GOC:mah
Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.
non-spindle-associated astral microtubule
cellular_component
GO:0005881
cytoplasmic microtubule
Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.
GOC:mah
A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
FMA:63850
NIF_Subcellular:sao1588493326
Wikipedia:Actin
microfilament
cellular_component
GO:0005884
actin filament
A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:10666339
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
GO:0005887
GO:0005904
juxtamembrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795
Wikipedia:Cell_membrane
cell membrane
cellular membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
plasmalemma
bacterial inner membrane
inner endospore membrane
integral component of plasma membrane
integral to plasma membrane
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
cellular_component
GO:0005886
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
ISBN:0716731363
cellular membrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
GOC:mah
Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
NIF_Subcellular:sao671419673
Wikipedia:Microvillus
cellular_component
microvilli
GO:0005902
Note that this term refers to a projection from a single cell, and should not be confused with 'microvillus' as used to refer to a multicellular structure such as that found in the placenta.
microvillus
Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
ISBN:0815316194
microvilli
NIF_Subcellular:sao671419673
A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22122
cell-cell contact region
cell-cell contact zone
NIF_Subcellular:sao1922892319
intercellular junction
cellular_component
GO:0005911
cell-cell junction
A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects.
GOC:aruk
GOC:bc
GOC:dgh
GOC:hb
GOC:mah
PMID:21422226
PMID:28096264
intercellular junction
NIF_Subcellular:sao1395777368
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
GO:0072372
FMA:67181
NIF_Subcellular:sao787716553
Wikipedia:Cilium
eukaryotic flagellum
microtubule-based flagellum
primary cilium
cellular_component
flagellum
GO:0005929
Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. In most eukaryotic species, intracellular sub-components of the cilium, such as the ciliary base and rootlet, are located near the plasma membrane. In Diplomonads such as Giardia, instead, the same ciliary parts are located further intracellularly. Also, 'cilium' may be used when axonemal structure and/or motility are unknown, or when axonemal structure is unusual. For all other cases, please refer to children of 'cilium'. Finally, note that any role of ciliary proteins in sensory events should be captured by annotating to relevant biological process terms.
cilium
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
GOC:cilia
GOC:curators
GOC:kmv
GOC:vw
ISBN:0198547684
PMID:16824949
PMID:17009929
PMID:20144998
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
GO:0035085
GO:0035086
Wikipedia:Axoneme
ciliary axoneme
cilium axoneme
flagellar axoneme
flagellum axoneme
cellular_component
GO:0005930
Note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. In diplomonad species, such as Giardia, the axoneme may extend intracellularly up to 5um away from the plane of the plasma membrane.
axoneme
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
GOC:bf
GOC:cilia
ISBN:0198547684
The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26298
Wikipedia:Cell_cortex
ectoplasm
cellular_component
cell periphery
peripheral cytoplasm
GO:0005938
cell cortex
The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22880
jl
2012-10-23T15:40:34Z
GO:0044261
GO:0044723
Reactome:R-HSA-71387
Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
biological_process
GO:0005975
carbohydrate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-71387
Metabolism of carbohydrates
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
GO:0044263
polysaccharide metabolism
glycan metabolic process
glycan metabolism
multicellular organismal polysaccharide metabolic process
biological_process
GO:0005976
polysaccharide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.
ISBN:0198547684
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages.
Reactome:R-HSA-8982491
glycogen metabolism
biological_process
GO:0005977
glycogen metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-8982491
Glycogen metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27107
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/28527
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/28968
MetaCyc:PWY-7900
Reactome:R-HSA-3322077
glycogen anabolism
glycogen biosynthesis
glycogen formation
glycogen synthesis
biological_process
GO:0005978
glycogen biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
ISBN:0198506732
MetaCyc:PWY-7900
skos:narrowMatch
Reactome:R-HSA-3322077
Glycogen synthesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
regulation of glycogen anabolism
regulation of glycogen biosynthesis
regulation of glycogen formation
regulation of glycogen synthesis
biological_process
GO:0005979
regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
GOC:go_curators
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27107
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/28527
MetaCyc:PWY-7662
Reactome:R-HSA-70221
glycogen breakdown
glycogen catabolism
glycogen degradation
glycogenolysis
biological_process
GO:0005980
glycogen catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
ISBN:0198506732
MetaCyc:PWY-7662
skos:narrowMatch
Reactome:R-HSA-70221
Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis)
glycogenolysis
GOC:sl
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
regulation of glycogen breakdown
regulation of glycogen catabolism
regulation of glycogen degradation
regulation of glycogenolysis
biological_process
GO:0005981
regulation of glycogen catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
GOC:go_curators
regulation of glycogenolysis
GOC:sl
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
monosaccharide metabolism
biological_process
GO:0005996
monosaccharide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Reactome:R-HSA-70326
cellular glucose metabolic process
glucose metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006006
glucose metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-70326
Glucose metabolism
cellular glucose metabolic process
GOC:vw
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
glucose breakdown
glucose catabolism
glucose degradation
biological_process
GO:0006007
glucose catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
GOC:ai
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
aminoglycan metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006022
aminoglycan metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
GOC:ai
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
aminoglycan anabolism
aminoglycan biosynthesis
aminoglycan formation
aminoglycan synthesis
biological_process
GO:0006023
aminoglycan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
GOC:ai
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of linear polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29745
glycosaminoglycan anabolism
glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis
glycosaminoglycan formation
glycosaminoglycan synthesis
biological_process
GO:0006024
glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of linear polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units.
PMID:38500384
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
aminoglycan breakdown
aminoglycan catabolism
aminoglycan degradation
biological_process
GO:0006026
aminoglycan catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
GOC:ai
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of linear polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29745
Reactome:R-HSA-2024101
glycosaminoglycan breakdown
glycosaminoglycan catabolism
glycosaminoglycan degradation
biological_process
GO:0006027
glycosaminoglycan catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of linear polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units.
PMID:38500384
Reactome:R-HSA-2024101
CS/DS degradation
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
organic acid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006082
organic acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
acetate metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006083
acetate metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
GOC:go_curators
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
energy pathways
biological_process
intermediary metabolism
metabolic energy generation
GO:0006091
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
GOC:jl
intermediary metabolism
GOC:mah
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/28953
MetaCyc:GLUCONEO-PWY
MetaCyc:PWY-6142
MetaCyc:PWY66-399
Reactome:R-HSA-70263
Wikipedia:Gluconeogenesis
glucose biosynthesis
glucose biosynthetic process
biological_process
GO:0006094
gluconeogenesis
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
MetaCyc:GLUCONEO-PWY
MetaCyc:GLUCONEO-PWY
skos:narrowMatch
MetaCyc:PWY-6142
skos:narrowMatch
MetaCyc:PWY66-399
skos:narrowMatch
Reactome:R-HSA-70263
Gluconeogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates.
regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006109
regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates.
GOC:go_curators
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
tb
2013-01-18T12:47:43Z
GO:0090526
regulation of glucose biosynthesis
regulation of glucose biosynthetic process
biological_process
regulation of gluconeogenesis involved in cellular glucose homeostasis
GO:0006111
regulation of gluconeogenesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
GOC:go_curators
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.
energy reserve metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006112
energy reserve metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.
GOC:mah
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
GO:0055134
cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
biological_process
nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
GO:0006139
nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
GOC:ai
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22130
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23549
GO:0006333
GO:0006336
GO:0016568
GO:0031497
GO:0034724
chromatin maintenance
Reactome:R-HSA-4839726
chromatin organisation
establishment of chromatin architecture
establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
DNA replication-independent chromatin assembly
DNA replication-independent chromatin organization
DNA replication-independent nucleosome organisation
DNA replication-independent nuclesome assembly
chromatin assembly
transcription-coupled nucleosome assembly
biological_process
chromatin assembly or disassembly
chromatin assembly/disassembly
chromatin modification
GO:0006325
chromatin organization
The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA.
PMID:20404130
Reactome:R-HSA-4839726
Chromatin organization
chromatin organisation
GOC:mah
establishment of chromatin architecture
GOC:mah
establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
GOC:mah
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
RNA breakdown
RNA catabolism
RNA degradation
biological_process
GO:0006401
RNA catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
ISBN:0198506732
A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
RNA localisation
establishment and maintenance of RNA localization
biological_process
GO:0006403
RNA localization
A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
GOC:ai
RNA localisation
GOC:mah
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
GO:0006416
GO:0006453
GO:0043037
Reactome:R-HSA-72766
Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics)
protein anabolism
protein biosynthesis
protein biosynthetic process
protein formation
protein synthesis
protein translation
biological_process
GO:0006412
translation
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-72766
Translation
The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
GO:0006440
GO:0006454
biopolymerisation
biopolymerization
protein synthesis initiation
Reactome:R-HSA-72613
translation initiation
biological_process
GO:0006413
translational initiation
The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
ISBN:019879276X
Reactome:R-HSA-72613
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation
The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.
GO:0006442
GO:0006455
protein synthesis elongation
Reactome:R-HSA-156842
translation elongation
biological_process
GO:0006414
translational elongation
The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.
GOC:ems
Reactome:R-HSA-156842
Eukaryotic Translation Elongation
The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).
GO:0006443
GO:0006456
protein synthesis termination
Reactome:R-HSA-72764
translation termination
translational complex disassembly
biological_process
GO:0006415
translational termination
The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).
GOC:hjd
ISBN:019879276X
Reactome:R-HSA-72764
Eukaryotic Translation Termination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
GO:0006445
regulation of protein anabolism
regulation of protein biosynthesis
regulation of protein formation
regulation of protein synthesis
biological_process
GO:0006417
regulation of translation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
GOC:isa_complete
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
biological_process
GO:0006446
regulation of translational initiation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
GOC:go_curators
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation.
biological_process
GO:0006448
regulation of translational elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation.
GOC:go_curators
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
biological_process
GO:0006449
regulation of translational termination
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
GOC:go_curators
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
glycoprotein breakdown
glycoprotein catabolism
glycoprotein degradation
biological_process
GO:0006516
glycoprotein catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
GOC:go_curators
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
Reactome:R-HSA-2980736
peptide metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006518
peptide metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-2980736
Peptide hormone metabolism
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17904
GO:0006519
cellular amino acid metabolic process
cellular amino acid metabolism
biological_process
amino acid and derivative metabolism
cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
GO:0006520
amino acid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
ISBN:0198506732
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/28908
Reactome:R-HSA-350562
regulation of amino acid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006521
regulation of amino acid metabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-350562
Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
biogenic amine metabolism
cellular biogenic amine metabolic process
biological_process
GO:0006576
biogenic amine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0395825172
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
acetylcholine breakdown
acetylcholine catabolism
acetylcholine degradation
biological_process
GO:0006581
acetylcholine catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0192800752
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
catecholamine metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006584
catecholamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0198506732
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
indolamine metabolic process
indolamine metabolism
indolalkylamine metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006586
indolalkylamine metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
GOC:curators
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
Reactome:R-HSA-556833
Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism
lipid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006629
lipid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
GOC:ma
Reactome:R-HSA-556833
Metabolism of lipids
The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/28908
membrane lipid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006643
membrane lipid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
GOC:ai
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification.
Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolisms#Steroid_biosynthesis
steroid anabolism
steroid biosynthesis
steroid formation
steroid synthesis
steroidogenesis
biological_process
GO:0006694
steroid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification.
GOC:go_curators
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
Reactome:R-HSA-192105
bile acid anabolism
bile acid biosynthesis
bile acid formation
bile acid synthesis
biological_process
GO:0006699
bile acid biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-192105
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
steroid breakdown
steroid catabolism
steroid degradation
biological_process
GO:0006706
steroid catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
GOC:go_curators
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism
sulfur metabolism
sulphur metabolic process
sulphur metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006790
sulfur compound metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
GOC:ai
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20292
jl
2012-12-13T16:25:32Z
GO:0015457
GO:0015460
GO:0044765
Reactome:R-HSA-382551
biological_process
single-organism transport
GO:0006810
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport.
transport
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.
GOC:dos
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
Reactome:R-HSA-382551
Transport of small molecules
The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
ion transport
Reactome:R-HSA-425393
biological_process
GO:0006811
monoatomic ion transport
The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
GOC:ai
Reactome:R-HSA-425393
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides
The directed movement of a monoatomic cation, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.
GO:0006819
GO:0015674
GO:0072512
cation transport
di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport
trivalent inorganic cation transport
biological_process
GO:0006812
monoatomic cation transport
The directed movement of a monoatomic cation, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.
GOC:ai
di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport
GOC:mah
The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GO:0006834
GO:0016974
sodium/potassium transport
sodium transport
mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
sodium:calcium exchange
sodium:solute transport
biological_process
sodium channel auxiliary protein activity
GO:0006814
sodium ion transport
The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GOC:ai
sodium channel auxiliary protein activity
GOC:mah
The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GO:0006841
biological_process
sodium:dicarboxylate transport
GO:0006835
dicarboxylic acid transport
The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GOC:krc
The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
Reactome:R-HSA-181429
Reactome:R-HSA-181430
Reactome:R-HSA-210500
Reactome:R-HSA-212676
Reactome:R-HSA-264642
sodium:neurotransmitter transport
biological_process
GO:0006836
neurotransmitter transport
The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
GOC:ai
Reactome:R-HSA-181429
Serotonin Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
Reactome:R-HSA-181430
Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
Reactome:R-HSA-210500
Glutamate Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
Reactome:R-HSA-212676
Dopamine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
Reactome:R-HSA-264642
Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
biological_process
GO:0006837
serotonin transport
The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
GOC:ai
The directed movement of acetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
biological_process
GO:0006846
acetate transport
The directed movement of acetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GOC:krc
The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane.
biological_process
GO:0006847
plasma membrane acetate transport
The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane.
GOC:ai
The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.
biological_process
GO:0006858
extracellular transport
The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.
GOC:go_curators
The directed extracellular movement of amino acids.
biological_process
GO:0006860
extracellular amino acid transport
The directed extracellular movement of amino acids.
GOC:ai
The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GO:0006866
Reactome:R-HSA-352230
biological_process
GO:0006865
amino acid transport
The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
GOC:ai
Reactome:R-HSA-352230
Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane
The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
Reactome:R-HSA-1369062
biological_process
GO:0006869
lipid transport
The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1369062
ABC transporters in lipid homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24455
cellular ion homeostasis
cellular monoatomic ion homeostasis
biological_process
GO:0006873
intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.
GOC:mah
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sodium ions within a cell.
cellular sodium ion homeostasis
biological_process
GO:0006883
intracellular sodium ion homeostasis
A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sodium ions within a cell.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
GO:0032779
biological_process
copper-induced intracellular protein transport
GO:0006886
intracellular protein transport
The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
GOC:mah
copper-induced intracellular protein transport
GOC:al
A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for example of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.
GO:0016194
GO:0016195
Wikipedia:Exocytosis
vesicle exocytosis
biological_process
nonselective vesicle exocytosis
GO:0006887
exocytosis
A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for example of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0716731363
PMID:22323285
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles.
Reactome:R-HSA-199992
post-Golgi transport
biological_process
GO:0006892
post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
Reactome:R-HSA-199992
trans-Golgi Network Vesicle Budding
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.
Golgi to plasma membrane vesicle-mediated transport
biological_process
GO:0006893
Golgi to plasma membrane transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.
ISBN:0716731363
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.
Golgi to vacuole vesicle-mediated transport
biological_process
GO:0006896
Golgi to vacuole transport
The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.
GOC:ai
The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo.
biological_process
GO:0006903
vesicle targeting
The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo.
GOC:mah
PMID:17335816
Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
biological_process
GO:0006906
vesicle fusion
Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
GOC:jid
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
GO:0006917
GO:0008632
cell suicide
cellular suicide
Reactome:R-HSA-109581
Wikipedia:Apoptosis
apoptotic cell death
apoptotic programmed cell death
programmed cell death by apoptosis
activation of apoptosis
apoptosis
apoptosis signaling
apoptotic program
type I programmed cell death
biological_process
apoptosis activator activity
caspase-dependent programmed cell death
commitment to apoptosis
induction of apoptosis
induction of apoptosis by p53
signaling (initiator) caspase activity
GO:0006915
apoptotic process
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
GOC:cjm
GOC:dhl
GOC:ecd
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
GOC:tb
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:18846107
PMID:21494263
Reactome:R-HSA-109581
Apoptosis
apoptotic cell death
GOC:sl
apoptotic program
GOC:add
The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis.
cellular component disassembly involved in apoptotic process
disassembly of cell structures
cellular component disassembly involved in apoptosis
biological_process
GO:0006921
cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis
The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
GOC:tb
A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
Reactome:R-HSA-445355
Wikipedia:Muscle_contraction
biological_process
GO:0006936
muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
GOC:ef
GOC:mtg_muscle
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-445355
Smooth Muscle Contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
biological_process
GO:0006937
regulation of muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
GOC:go_curators
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
visceral muscle contraction
biological_process
GO:0006939
smooth muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
GOC:ef
GOC:jl
GOC:mtg_muscle
ISBN:0198506732
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
biological_process
GO:0006940
regulation of smooth muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
GOC:go_curators
A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
sarcomeric muscle contraction
biological_process
GO:0006941
striated muscle contraction
A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
GOC:jl
GOC:mtg_muscle
ISBN:0198506732
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
biological_process
GO:0006942
regulation of striated muscle contraction
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
GOC:go_curators
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.
biological_process
GO:0006949
syncytium formation
The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.
ISBN:0198506732
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26810
biological_process
response to abiotic stress
response to biotic stress
GO:0006950
response to stress
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
GOC:mah
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
biological_process
GO:0006955
immune response
Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27189
jl
2013-12-19T15:25:51Z
GO:1902589
Reactome:R-HSA-1852241
organelle organisation
single organism organelle organization
biological_process
organelle organization and biogenesis
single-organism organelle organization
GO:0006996
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
organelle organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
GOC:mah
Reactome:R-HSA-1852241
Organelle biogenesis and maintenance
single organism organelle organization
GOC:TermGenie
organelle organization and biogenesis
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
GO:0048287
nuclear organisation
nuclear organization
biological_process
nuclear morphology
nuclear organization and biogenesis
nucleus organization and biogenesis
GO:0006997
nucleus organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
GOC:dph
GOC:ems
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
nuclear organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
nucleus organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.
nuclear envelope organisation
biological_process
nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis
GO:0006998
nuclear envelope organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.
GOC:dph
GOC:ems
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
nuclear envelope organisation
GOC:mah
nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.
nucleolus organisation
biological_process
nucleolus organization and biogenesis
GO:0007000
nucleolus organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
nucleolus organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.
plasma membrane organisation
biological_process
plasma membrane organization and biogenesis
GO:0007009
plasma membrane organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
plasma membrane organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
cytoskeleton organisation
biological_process
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
cytoskeletal regulator activity
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GO:0007010
cytoskeleton organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
actin filament organisation
regulation of actin filament localization
biological_process
GO:0007015
actin filament organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
GOC:mah
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19809
biological_process
GO:0007017
microtubule-based process
Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
GOC:mah
A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
Reactome:R-HSA-983189
biological_process
GO:0007018
microtubule-based movement
A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
GOC:cjm
ISBN:0815316194
Reactome:R-HSA-983189
Kinesins
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.
microtubule disassembly
microtubule shortening
microtubule catastrophe
microtubule depolymerization during nuclear congression
biological_process
GO:0007019
microtubule depolymerization
The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.
ISBN:0815316194
microtubule catastrophe
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).
Wikipedia:Microtubule_nucleation
biological_process
GO:0007020
microtubule nucleation
The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).
GOC:go_curators
ISBN:0815316194
PMID:12517712
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.
down regulation of microtubule depolymerization
down-regulation of microtubule depolymerization
downregulation of microtubule depolymerization
microtubule stabilization
negative regulation of microtubule disassembly
inhibition of microtubule depolymerization
microtubule rescue
negative regulation of microtubule catastrophe
biological_process
GO:0007026
negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
microtubule rescue
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
negative regulation of microtubule catastrophe
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme.
axonemal microtubule stabilization
biological_process
negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme
GO:0007027
negative regulation of axonemal microtubule depolymerization
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme
GOC:dph
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
cytoplasm organisation
biological_process
cytoplasm organization and biogenesis
GO:0007028
cytoplasm organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
GOC:curators
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
cytoplasm organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus organization
Golgi organisation
biological_process
Golgi organization and biogenesis
GO:0007030
Golgi organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
Golgi organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
GO:0044086
vacuole organisation
vacuolar assembly
biological_process
vacuole biogenesis
vacuole organization and biogenesis
GO:0007033
vacuole organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
GOC:mah
vacuolar assembly
GOC:mah
vacuole biogenesis
GOC:mah
vacuole organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.
biological_process
GO:0007034
vacuolar transport
The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.
GOC:ai
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.
biological_process
vacuolar protein breakdown
vacuolar protein catabolic process
vacuolar protein catabolism
vacuolar protein degradation
GO:0007039
protein catabolic process in the vacuole
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.
intercellular junction assembly
biological_process
GO:0007043
cell-cell junction assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.
GOC:ai
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
Reactome:R-HSA-1640170
Wikipedia:Cell_cycle
cell-division cycle
biological_process
GO:0007049
cell cycle
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
Reactome:R-HSA-1640170
Cell Cycle
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation
chromosome division
biological_process
chromosome transmission
GO:0007059
chromosome segregation
The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
GOC:mtg_cell_cycle
GOC:vw
The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
Reactome:R-HSA-2299718
Reactome:R-HSA-2514853
biological_process
GO:0007076
mitotic chromosome condensation
The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
GOC:mah
ISBN:0815316194
Reactome:R-HSA-2299718
Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes
Reactome:R-HSA-2514853
Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes
The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled partial or complete breakdown of the nuclear membranes during occurs during mitosis.
NEB
local NEB
nuclear envelope breakdown
Reactome:R-HSA-2980766
mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
biological_process
mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
GO:0007077
mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly
The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled partial or complete breakdown of the nuclear membranes during occurs during mitosis.
GOC:bf
PMID:32848252
Reactome:R-HSA-2980766
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
regulation of mitosis
biological_process
GO:0007088
regulation of mitotic nuclear division
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
GOC:go_curators
The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.
GO:0040023
establishment of position of nucleus
nuclear movement
nuclear positioning
nucleus migration
nucleus positioning
positioning of nucleus
biological_process
establishment of cell nucleus localization
establishment of localization of nucleus
establishment of nucleus localisation
establishment of nucleus localization
GO:0007097
nuclear migration
The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.
GOC:ai
establishment of nucleus localisation
GOC:mah
A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.
Wikipedia:Mitosis#Endomitosis
biological_process
endomitosis
GO:0007113
Note that this term should not be confused with 'abortive mitotic cell cycle ; GO:0033277'. Although abortive mitosis is sometimes called endomitosis, GO:0033277 refers to a process in which a mitotic spindle forms and chromosome separation begins.
endomitotic cell cycle
A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.
GOC:curators
GOC:dos
GOC:expert_vm
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.
female meiosis
female meiotic division
biological_process
GO:0007143
Note that female germ lines can be found in female or hermaphroditic organisms, so this term can be used to annotate gene products from hermaphrodites such as those of C. elegans. See also the biological process term 'meiotic nuclear division; GO:0140013'.
female meiotic nuclear division
A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.
GOC:dph
GOC:ems
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
Wikipedia:Cell_signaling
biological_process
GO:0007154
cell communication
Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
GOC:mah
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
GO:0030012
GO:0030467
biological_process
cell polarity
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity
establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization
GO:0007163
establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
GOC:mah
cell polarity
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
GO:0023014
GO:0023015
GO:0023016
GO:0023033
GO:0023045
Reactome:R-HSA-212718
Wikipedia:Signal_transduction
signaling cascade
signalling cascade
biological_process
signaling pathway
signalling pathway
GO:0007165
Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not.
signal transduction
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11
Reactome:R-HSA-212718
EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
cell-cell signalling
biological_process
GO:0007267
cell-cell signaling
Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
GOC:dos
GOC:mah
The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
signal transmission across a synapse
synaptic transmission
Reactome:R-HSA-112316
Reactome:R-HSA-442720
Reactome:R-HSA-442729
Reactome:R-HSA-442742
Reactome:R-HSA-451307
Reactome:R-HSA-451308
Reactome:R-HSA-9619229
Reactome:R-HSA-9619483
Reactome:R-HSA-9620244
Wikipedia:Neurotransmission
biological_process
neurotransmission
GO:0007268
chemical synaptic transmission
The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
GOC:jl
MeSH:D009435
Reactome:R-HSA-112316
Neuronal System
Reactome:R-HSA-442720
CREB1 phosphorylation through the activation of Adenylate Cyclase
Reactome:R-HSA-442729
CREB1 phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKII/CaMKK/CaMKIV cascasde
Reactome:R-HSA-442742
CREB1 phosphorylation through NMDA receptor-mediated activation of RAS signaling
Reactome:R-HSA-451307
Activation of Na-permeable kainate receptors
Reactome:R-HSA-451308
Activation of Ca-permeable Kainate Receptor
Reactome:R-HSA-9619229
Activation of RAC1 downstream of NMDARs
Reactome:R-HSA-9619483
Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs
Reactome:R-HSA-9620244
Long-term potentiation
neurotransmission
GOC:dph
The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.
GO:0010554
Reactome:R-HSA-112310
neurotransmitter release
neurotransmitter secretory pathway
biological_process
GO:0007269
A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
neurotransmitter secretion
The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.
GOC:dph
Reactome:R-HSA-112310
Neurotransmitter release cycle
The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
cholinergic synaptic transmission
biological_process
GO:0007271
synaptic transmission, cholinergic
The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
GOC:dos
Wikipedia:Cholinergic
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21234
biological_process
GO:0007275
Note that this term was 'developmental process'.
multicellular organism development
The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
GOC:dph
GOC:ems
GOC:isa_complete
GOC:tb
The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
GO:0009552
biological_process
gametogenesis
GO:0007276
gamete generation
The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
GOC:ems
GOC:mtg_sensu
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.
Reactome:R-HSA-9827857
germ-cell development
gametogenesis
primordial germ cell development
biological_process
GO:0007281
germ cell development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-9827857
Specification of primordial germ cells
Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
biological_process
GO:0007292
female gamete generation
Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
GOC:dph
ISBN:0198506732
Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
biological_process
GO:0007293
germarium-derived egg chamber formation
Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
GOC:mtg_sensu
ISBN:0879694238
The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
GO:0048110
oocyte arrangement
biological_process
GO:0007308
oocyte construction
The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
GOC:dph
GOC:ems
GOC:mtg_sensu
GOC:tb
ISBN:0198506732
oocyte arrangement
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
Reactome:R-HSA-2465910
Reactome:R-HSA-68911
mitotic cell cycle modulation
mitotic cell cycle regulation
modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
biological_process
mitotic cell cycle regulator
GO:0007346
regulation of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
GOC:dph
GOC:go_curators
GOC:tb
Reactome:R-HSA-2465910
MASTL Facilitates Mitotic Progression
Reactome:R-HSA-68911
G2 Phase
regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Reactome:R-HSA-9758941
Wikipedia:Gastrulation
biological_process
GO:0007369
gastrulation
A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
GOC:curators
ISBN:9780878933846
Reactome:R-HSA-9758941
Gastrulation
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
biological_process
pattern biosynthesis
pattern formation
GO:0007389
pattern specification process
Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:isa_complete
ISBN:0521436125
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.
biological_process
GO:0007398
ectoderm development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
Reactome:R-HSA-9675108
biological_process
pan-neural process
GO:0007399
nervous system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
GOC:dgh
Reactome:R-HSA-9675108
Nervous system development
The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
GO:0043349
GO:0043350
biological_process
GO:0007405
neuroblast proliferation
The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
GOC:ai
GOC:mtg_sensu
GOC:sart
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.
down regulation of neuroblast proliferation
down-regulation of neuroblast proliferation
downregulation of neuroblast proliferation
suppression of neuroblast proliferation
inhibition of neuroblast proliferation
biological_process
GO:0007406
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.
GOC:ai
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).
Wikipedia:Synaptogenesis
synapse biogenesis
synaptogenesis
biological_process
GO:0007416
synapse assembly
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).
GOC:mah
synapse biogenesis
GOC:mah
synaptogenesis
GOC:mah
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
Wikipedia:Neural_development
CNS development
biological_process
GO:0007417
central nervous system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
GOC:bf
GOC:jid
ISBN:0582227089
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
biological_process
GO:0007420
brain development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
GOC:tb
UBERON:0000955
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
biological_process
GO:0007422
peripheral nervous system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
GOC:go_curators
UBERON:0000010
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
sense organ development
biological_process
GO:0007423
sensory organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
GOC:go_curators
sense organ development
GOC:dph
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm.
biological_process
ectodermal gut development
GO:0007439
ectodermal digestive tract development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm.
GOC:curators
ectodermal gut development
GOC:dph
The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.
biological_process
GO:0007440
foregut morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.
GOC:jid
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized.
biological_process
GO:0007442
hindgut morphogenesis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized.
GOC:jid
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
biological_process
GO:0007492
endoderm development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.
biological_process
GO:0007494
midgut development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.
GOC:jid
UBERON:0001045
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
biological_process
GO:0007498
mesoderm development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
GOC:dph
GOC:tb
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.
biological_process
GO:0007506
gonadal mesoderm development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.
GOC:ai
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
GO:0007511
Wikipedia:Heart_development
dorsal vessel development
biological_process
cardiac development
GO:0007507
heart development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
GOC:jid
UBERON:0000948
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
biological_process
GO:0007517
muscle organ development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
GOC:jid
ISBN:0198506732
The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.
GO:0048637
biological_process
myogenesis
GO:0007519
skeletal muscle tissue development
The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.
GOC:mtg_muscle
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.
neuromuscular junction organization
biological_process
NMJ stability
neuromuscular junction stability
GO:0007528
neuromuscular junction development
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.
GOC:mtg_OBO2OWL_2013
NMJ stability
GOC:pr
neuromuscular junction stability
GOC:pr
The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.
Wikipedia:Sexual_differentiation
biological_process
GO:0007548
sex differentiation
The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.
GOC:ai
The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
breathing
respiration
biological_process
GO:0007585
respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system
The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
ISBN:0198506732
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
Reactome:R-HSA-8935690
Wikipedia:Digestion
biological_process
GO:0007586
digestion
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
GOC:isa_complete
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-8935690
Digestion