{
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Classes\n",
    "===\n",
    "\n",
    "Classes sound and look complicated because you can use them in such a huge variety of ways. But at their heart, they just allow you to **combine information and behavior**.\n",
    "\n",
    "You can represent just about anything from the real world, both physical things and concepts."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Example: let's represent a tank.\n",
    "\n",
    "class Tank:\n",
    "    \"\"\"This will represent a tank in a game.\"\"\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        # Any function starting with two underscores is special in python.\n",
    "        #  This function runs automaticaly.\n",
    "        #  self refers to the tank that's being created.\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # All tanks start with armor.\n",
    "        self.has_armor = True\n",
    "        self.armor_strength = 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Has armor: True\n",
      "Roger's tank's armor has a strength of 5.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Let's make a tank!\n",
    "\n",
    "rogers_tank = Tank()\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Has armor: {rogers_tank.has_armor}\")\n",
    "print(f\"Roger's tank's armor has a strength of {rogers_tank.armor_strength}.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Has armor: True\n",
      "Psalm's tank's armor has a strength of 8.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Let's make another tank!\n",
    "psalms_tank = Tank()\n",
    "psalms_tank.armor_strength = 8\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Has armor: {psalms_tank.has_armor}\")\n",
    "print(f\"Psalm's tank's armor has a strength of {psalms_tank.armor_strength}.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Let's add an owner."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Example: let's represent a tank.\n",
    "\n",
    "class Tank:\n",
    "    \"\"\"This will represent a tank in a game.\"\"\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        # Any function starting with two underscores is special in python.\n",
    "        #  This function runs automaticaly.\n",
    "        #  self refers to the tank that's being created.\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # All tanks start with armor.\n",
    "        self.has_armor = True\n",
    "        self.armor_strength = 5\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Each tank needs an owner!\n",
    "        self.owner = None"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Has armor: True\n",
      "roger's tank's armor has a strength of 5.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Let's make a tank!\n",
    "\n",
    "rogers_tank = Tank()\n",
    "rogers_tank.owner = 'roger'\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Has armor: {rogers_tank.has_armor}\")\n",
    "print(f\"{rogers_tank.owner}'s tank's armor has a strength of {rogers_tank.armor_strength}.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Has armor: True\n",
      "psalm's armor has a strength of 8.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Let's make another tank!\n",
    "psalms_tank = Tank()\n",
    "psalms_tank.armor_strength = 8\n",
    "psalms_tank.owner = 'psalm'\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"Has armor: {psalms_tank.has_armor}\")\n",
    "print(f\"{psalms_tank.owner}'s armor has a strength of {psalms_tank.armor_strength}.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What about behavior?\n",
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "You can add as many functions as you need to a class."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Example: let's represent a tank.\n",
    "\n",
    "class BetterTank:\n",
    "    \"\"\"This will represent a tank in a game.\"\"\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        # Any function starting with two underscores is special in python.\n",
    "        #  This function runs automaticaly.\n",
    "        #  self refers to the tank that's being created.\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # All tanks start with armor.\n",
    "        self.has_armor = True\n",
    "        self.armor_strength = 5\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Each tank needs an owner!\n",
    "        self.owner = None\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def shoot(self):\n",
    "        \"\"\"This tank can shoot.\"\"\"\n",
    "        # This is our own function, so it doesn't get double underscores.\n",
    "        print(f\"{self.owner}'s tank is shooting.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "phil's tank is shooting.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "phils_tank = BetterTank()\n",
    "phils_tank.owner = 'phil'\n",
    "phils_tank.shoot()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "An army of tanks!\n",
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "Once you have a class defined, you can make as many objects as you want from that class. Let's make an army of tanks!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "eric's tank has 5 armor.\n",
      "psalm's tank has 5 armor.\n",
      "roger's tank has 5 armor.\n",
      "devin's tank has 5 armor.\n",
      "evan's tank has 5 armor.\n",
      "phil's tank has 5 armor.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "names = ['eric', 'psalm', 'roger', 'devin', 'evan', 'phil']\n",
    "\n",
    "# Make an empty list to store our tanks.\n",
    "tanks = []\n",
    "\n",
    "# Create a tank for every person.\n",
    "for name in names:\n",
    "    new_tank = Tank()\n",
    "    new_tank.owner = name\n",
    "    \n",
    "    tanks.append(new_tank)\n",
    "    \n",
    "# Show that we've made an army of tanks.\n",
    "for tank in tanks:\n",
    "    print(f\"{tank.owner}'s tank has {tank.armor_strength} armor.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "That's boring, everyone has the same tank!\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's give everyone a tank with random strength."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "eric's tank has 8 armor.\n",
      "psalm's tank has 6 armor.\n",
      "roger's tank has 9 armor.\n",
      "devin's tank has 4 armor.\n",
      "evan's tank has 9 armor.\n",
      "phil's tank has 9 armor.\n",
      "abraham's tank has 0 armor.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from random import randint\n",
    "\n",
    "names = ['eric', 'psalm', 'roger', 'devin', 'evan', 'phil', 'abraham']\n",
    "\n",
    "# Make an empty list to store our tanks.\n",
    "tanks = []\n",
    "\n",
    "# Create a tank for every person.\n",
    "for name in names:\n",
    "    new_tank = Tank()\n",
    "    new_tank.owner = name\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Give everyone a random armor strength.\n",
    "    new_tank.armor_strength = randint(0, 10)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    tanks.append(new_tank)\n",
    "    \n",
    "# Show that we've made an army of tanks.\n",
    "for tank in tanks:\n",
    "    print(f\"{tank.owner}'s tank has {tank.armor_strength} armor.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "But psalm deserves the strongest tank!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "eric's tank has 5 armor.\n",
      "psalm's tank has 100 armor.\n",
      "roger's tank has 4 armor.\n",
      "devin's tank has 6 armor.\n",
      "evan's tank has 2 armor.\n",
      "phil's tank has 3 armor.\n",
      "abraham's tank has 10 armor.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from random import randint\n",
    "\n",
    "names = ['eric', 'psalm', 'roger', 'devin', 'evan', 'phil', 'abraham']\n",
    "\n",
    "# Make an empty list to store our tanks.\n",
    "tanks = []\n",
    "\n",
    "# Create a tank for every person.\n",
    "for name in names:\n",
    "    new_tank = Tank()\n",
    "    new_tank.owner = name\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Give everyone except psalm a random armor strength.\n",
    "    if name == 'psalm':\n",
    "        new_tank.armor_strength = 100\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        new_tank.armor_strength = randint(0, 11)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    tanks.append(new_tank)\n",
    "    \n",
    "# Show that we've made an army of tanks.\n",
    "for tank in tanks:\n",
    "    print(f\"{tank.owner}'s tank has {tank.armor_strength} armor.\")"
   ]
  }
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